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Any replacements are listed further down
[4887] viXra:1305.0134 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-22 15:17:24
Authors: Marius Coman
Comments: 4 Pages.
While studying Fermat pseudoprimes I met few interesting generic forms of numbers that have the property to generate chains of primes and pseudoprimes. I list in this paper few such types of chains.
Category: Number Theory
[4886] viXra:1305.0133 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-21 18:43:27
Authors: Chun-Xuan Jiang
Comments: 1 Page.
We find a truly marvelouis proof of Fermat last theorem(2)
Category: Number Theory
[4885] viXra:1305.0132 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-21 05:51:06
Authors: Dan Visser
Comments: 6 Pages.
This article is about a new formula for dark energy force. This has already been published in a series of my articles in the archive vixra, but gets little attention. The new formula is part of a larger universe than the Big Bang, called the Double Torus hypothesis. The new dark energy force is different from dark energy in the Big Bang, because it uses the extension of time. This article emphases the extra time relating gravity and a new topology of quantum-spin of point particles, such as electrons. This article describes that cohesion by my dark energy force formula in a Double Torus Universe.
Category: Mathematical Physics
[4884] viXra:1305.0131 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-21 06:50:47
Authors: Dmitri Martila
Comments: 6 Pages.
The world is full of ways to think about a Dark Objects. I propose You my way, please follow.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[4883] viXra:1305.0129 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-21 03:46:47
Authors: Elemer E Rosinger
Comments: 20 Pages.
It was shown in [1], cited in the sequel as DRHM, that upon a correct use of the respective statistical data, the celebrated Bell inequalities cannot be violated by quantum systems. This paper presents in more detail the surprisingly elementary, even if rather subtle related basic argument in DRHM, and does so together with a few comments which, hopefully, may further facilitate its wider understanding.
Category: Quantum Physics
[4882] viXra:1305.0128 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-20 18:45:55
Authors: Stan Bumble
Comments: 8 Pages.
Abstract
Former work on cooperative phenomena is adapted in order to visualize, to a first approximation, the concepts of consciousness and connectomes. It is hoped that such work can help in the treatment of Alzheimer Disease (AZ) and entice Roger Penrose et alia to continue their pioneering work in these fields. A set of phases are construed to contain neurons in their inactive form in equilibrium with other phases of neurons in their active phase in various stages of connection with each other. The active neurons are connected to each other such that their synapses conduct chemical and electrical contacts. These constellations lead to various incipient lattices that are characterized by the various strengths and number of their connections. Coordination numbers for each neuron, degrees of completion of their lattices and, the time of formation are important. Critical areas on neural networks that occur over a period of time are detailed. The degree of consciousness is deemed to be a function of particular properties which are shown in a collection of graphs.
Category: Mind Science
[4881] viXra:1305.0127 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-20 08:59:20
Authors: Chidi Idika
Comments: 22 Pages. First part of a three-part paper
Quantum theory (QT) treats of “observables” yet the term “observer” remains hardly a rigorous notion. We argue that the uncertainty principle of QT can be understood in the Gödel sense that: any given observer constitutes own practical definition of “the unobservable” (if superposition) namely length scale, phase space, non-local action, fundamental frequency etc. Conversely, the observable is definable strictly only in inverse-observer terms as, that is, the “collapse” namely inverse-length, phase-points, locality, harmonics respectively. Granted this picture is not a-priori intuitive we show that it resolves key modern difficulties plus it has formal grounds. One pictures the observer thus in the manner of Gödel’s “consistency-is-undecidable” or Planck’s “the-constant-is-uncertainty” or indeed Einstein’s “speed-of-light-is-null-information” etc. definitive of which three cases, we assert, is Peano’s (and Noether’s?) notion of the constant as being for any gamut of variables/symmetry the meta-state (“conserved current”?). Given then that the observer is in any scheme of events the invariance (constant) it should be the case that it is the observer proper and not his observables which should constitute the violation of Bell’s inequality—if as the infinitesimal/imaginary axis or as the dimensionless/infinite-dimensional or the so-called conservation law etc. We posit: the observer is by definition the virtual exchange (field) of standard model or “space-time” of GR or just the “metric”—defined by the singular trait that it is the de facto universal constant i.e. the natural unit and hence natural limit of physical information. As a prediction we show herein an exact value to define man (perhaps our purest sample of observer) as also the natural unit for quantum gravity. Ultimately, that known hitherto as the potential (conservation law) becomes here same exactly as the “mind” or the “life” i.e. strictly put: “the-observer-as-the-unobservable” (superposition).The observer is for us per se the “entity”—in the sense of “phase-space” (normal mode; fundamental; wave speed) giving us an intuitive picture of observables that is same in fact as Huygens’ wave fronts/wavelets (or Everett’s many-worlds, or indeed Darwin’s evolution/speciation of “life”) same in short as any “spontaneous symmetry breaking”.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[4880] viXra:1305.0126 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-19 16:07:27
Authors: Yessica Saez, Laszlo B. Kish
Comments: 18 Pages. first version
A method to quantify the error probability at the Kirchhoff-law-Johnson-noise (KLJN) secure key exchange is introduced. The types of errors due to statistical inaccuracies in noise voltage measurements are classified and the error probability is calculated. The results are demonstrated with practical considerations.
Category: Classical Physics
[4879] viXra:1305.0125 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-19 16:59:08
Authors: Chun-Xuan Jiang
Comments: 5 Pages.
We establish the new gravitational theory
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[4878] viXra:1305.0124 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-19 07:49:32
Authors: Andrew Beckwith
Comments: 4 Pages. 1st of six posters for the ICM 2 conference in Prague.
The following questions are raised in this document. First, can there be a stable (massive) graviton? If so, does this massive graviton, as modeled by KK DM, with a modification of slight 4 dimensional space mass, contribute to DE, at least in terms of re acceleration ? The answer, if one assumes that the square of a frequency for graviton mass is real valued and greater than zero appears to be affirmative. The author, when considering a joint DM – DE model finds evidence that re acceleration of the universe one billion years ago in a higher dimensional setting can be justified in terms of a slight modification of standard KK DM models, if one considers how an information exchange between present to prior universes occurs, which the author thinks mandates more than four dimensional space time geometry
Category: Mathematical Physics
[4877] viXra:1305.0123 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-19 07:52:54
Authors: Andrew Beckwith
Comments: 4 Pages. Poster or virtual paper for the ICM 2 conference
This paper uses the “Fjortoft theorem” for defining necessary conditions for instability. The point is that it does not apply in the vicinity of the big bang. We apply this theorem to what is called by T. Padmanabhan a thermodynamic potential which becomes would be unstable if conditions for the applications of “Fjortoft’s theorem” hold. In our case, there is no instability, so a different mechanism has to be appealed to. In the case of vacuum nucleation, we argue that conditions exist for the nucleation of particles as of the electroweak regime. Due to injecting material from a node point, in spacetime. This regime of early universe creation, coexits with the failure of applications of “Fjortoft” theorem in such a way as to give necessary and sufficient conditions for matter creation, in a way similar to the Higgs Boson
Category: Mathematical Physics
[4876] viXra:1305.0122 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-19 07:54:46
Authors: Andrew Beckwith
Comments: 4 Pages.
When initial radius R approaches zero if we use Stoica actually derived Einstein equations in a formalism which remove the big bang singularity pathology, then the reason for Planck length no longer holds. The implications of the initial radius approaching zero are the first part of this manuscript. Then the resolution is alluded to by work from Muller and Lousto, as to entanglement entropy implications of entanglement entropy. We present entanglement entropy in the early universe with a steadily shrinking scale factor, due to work from Muller and Lousto , and show that there are consequences due to initial entanged entropy for a time dependent horizon radius in cosmology, with for flat space conditions r(H)=conformal time. In the case of a curved, but not flat space version of entropy, we look at vacuum energy as proportional to the inverse of scale factor squared times the inverse of initial entropy, effectively when there is no initial time except with in line with the conformal time being almost zero. . The consequences for this initial entropy being entangled are elaborated in this manuscript. No matter how small the initial radial length gets, then for initial cosmological entropy if it is entanglement entropy, initial cosmological entropy will not go to zero.
Category: Mathematical Physics
[4875] viXra:1305.0121 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-19 07:56:51
Authors: Andrew Beckwith
Comments: 4 Pages.
First, we show through a numerical simulation that the massive Schwinger model used to formulate solutions to CDW transport is insufficient for transport of solitons (anti-solitons) through a pinning gap model of CDW transport. We show that a model Hamiltonian with Peierls condensation energy used to couple adjacent chains (or transverse wave vectors) permits formation of solitons (anti- solitons) which could be used to transport CDW through a potential barrier. We argue that there are analogies between this construction and the false vacuum hypothesis used for showing a necessary and sufficient condition for formation of CDW soliton – anti - soliton (S-S’) pairs in wave functionals presented in a prior publication
Category: Mathematical Physics
[4874] viXra:1305.0120 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-19 07:58:57
Authors: Andrew Beckwith
Comments: 4 Pages.
The author asks if octonion quantum gravity is relevant near the Planck scale. Furthermore, the question is raised if gravitational waves would be generated during the initial phase, , of the universe when an increase in degrees of freedom have in setting , so that the result can be observed by a gravitational detector.. The well appreciated .quantum gravity problem that the notion of a quantum state, representing the structure of spacetime at some instant, and the notion of the evolution of the state, does not get traction, since there are no real “instants”, is avoided by having the initial octonion geometry embedded in a larger, non linear “pilot model” (semi classical) embedding structure. The Penrose suggestion of re cycled space time avoiding a ‘big crunch’ is picked as the embedding structure, so as to avoid the ‘instants’ of time issue. In addition the favored idea is to avoid the well known string theory trap known as the dimensionality problem of an equation of motion (consistency condition) which is the reason why string theory dimensionality is either (10 or 26) depending upon if super symmetry is imposed. Getting octonion gravity as embedded in a larger, Pilot theory embedding structure may restore Quantum Gravity to its rightful place in early cosmology without the lunacy of then afterwards ‘Schrodinger equation ‘ states of the universe, forevermore afterwards. Setting , in a GW detector due to appropriate measurement procedures may allow the opportunity to find experimental clues as to this embedding structure in which octonion gravity may emerge in the Planckian regime.of evolutionary cosmology
Category: Mathematical Physics
[4873] viXra:1305.0119 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-19 07:59:28
Authors: Andrej Rehak
Comments: 7 Pages.
Although acceleration is, by its descriptive definition, the expansion of velocity, where celeritas /kɛ'lɛritas/ or /tʃɛ'lɛritas/ is a Latin word translated as "swiftness" or "speed", we prove that gravity is expansion (dilation) of the speed of light (celeritas c), i.e. the genesis of space in time. From this evidence, we explain the arrow of time. Implicitly, the foundation of a complex manifestation of nature is deduced to a tautological relationship between space-time variables, with the consequence of a unification of the reference measurement system. By unique relation, we connect the predictions of General and Special relativity. We introduce the scalar principle valid in all space-time dimensions of the universe.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[4872] viXra:1305.0118 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-19 08:00:58
Authors: Andrew Beckwith
Comments: 4 Pages.
The following questions is asked, If one takes the covariant derivative of a Stress-energy representation of early universe massive gravitons, is the derivative of the Graviton stress tensor equal to zero ? If so, then in what range of astrophysics does this occur, and when does this formalism break down? Lavenda and Davies argued that the derivative of a generalized GR stress energy tensor being zero in itself is insufficient to show that the 1st law of thermodynamics alone holds. If the full Stress-Energy tensor expression for GR is written out, there is a stress energy tensor component involving GW alone which we highlight. The problem as to this test is if the derivative of the Stress energy tensor, for gravitons as written by Visser is brought up. This Visser stress energy tensor for massive gravitons will not even satisfy the 1st thermodynamic law. We bring this up as a counter point to an article written by Lavenda and Davies purporting to claim that the Tolman test for a first law of thermodynamics which they generalize to first and second law of thermodynamics for inflationary cosmology. We show a breakdown of a zero value for the derivative of the Stress energy tensor for early universe massive gravitons and this derivative of the massive Graviton Stress energy tensor (Visser) will not even satisfy the first law of thermodynamics according to the Tolman criteria. Note that if the Visser Massive Graviton Stress energy tensor scenario does not hold then the Lavenda and Davies objection to inflation is upheld.
Category: Mathematical Physics
[4871] viXra:1305.0116 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-19 08:30:03
Authors: Julien Laurendeau
Comments: 1 Page.
I found a way to prove the goldbach conjecture, but for that I needed to invent three new conjectures to whom,I still haven’t found a proof. I guess,that the person who will prove these three conjectures would be able to prove the Goldbach conjecture.
Category: Number Theory
[4870] viXra:1305.0115 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-18 23:31:00
Authors: Kimmo Rouvari
Comments: 3 Pages.
Current knowledge of antimatter has been a road block for the real understanding of antimatter. Currently antimatter is generated with high energy
devices (colliders and proton guns). Used energies are just too big. Excited anti-particle's are very hard to handle.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics
[4869] viXra:1305.0113 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-17 14:50:11
Authors: A Paramashivam
Comments: 3 Pages. Email:shiva22116@gmail.com
This paper hypothesis a planet sized object collided with the Jupiter few hundred years ago which could possibly created the Great Red spot and the moon Io. This paper analysis Jupiter's diameter predicted by ancient Indian astronomical text Surya-siddhanta with modern values, Jupiter's moon Io and Jupiter's the Great Red spot for a big collision evidences.
Category: Astrophysics
[4868] viXra:1305.0112 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-17 15:01:25
Authors: Richard L. Amoroso
Comments: 4 Pages.
Geometric symmetries in the ‘Tree of Life’ represented by the 10 Sefirot and the topology of spacetime geometry in superstring theory are contrasted with a discussion of metaphysical considerations.
Category: Religion and Spiritualism
[4867] viXra:1305.0111 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-17 15:06:16
Authors: Richard L. Amoroso, Barry Martin
Comments: 23 Pages.
A framework for defining the physical basis of consciousness is derived in terms of the complementarity
inherent in the cosmology of a continuous state conscious universe as it relates to self-organized living systems. The
activity of a dynamic counterpart of standard static Casimir-like modes is described by an extended spacetime Cavity
Quantum Electrodynamics in terms of a 12D Topological Field Theory that integrates gravity, electromagnetism and
relativistic quantum field theory to develop the noetic action principle. Inherent self-organized teleological and
intentional action on the spacetime geodesic cavities of the dynamic Casimir-like modes is mediated by a specific
nonlocal unitary exchange quanta defined as the Noeon, that is indicative of an elan vital which also becomes
associated with information and processing in the microtubule, synapse and other arenas of quantum brain dynamics
where ‘consciousness’ couples to biological structure and biochemical species in terms of an elaborated definition of
Eccles original philosophical concept of the Psychon. Novel ideas involving the cosmological Noumenon and brain
Holoscape are presented including a basic mathematical formalism for the noetic action principle.
Category: Mind Science
[4866] viXra:1305.0110 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-17 15:09:19
Authors: Richard L. Amoroso
Comments: 6 Pages.
Seminal work intended to found a new field of integrative Noetic Science is summarized. Until now the
philosophy of Biological Mechanism has ruled medicine and psychology. Penrose claims, AA scientific world-view which
does not profoundly come to terms with the problem of conscious mind can have no serious pretensions of completeness@.
A noetic action principle synonymous with the historic concept of élan vital is introduced as the basis of a Continuous
State Conscious Universe (CSCU). The least unit of CSCU superspace defines Awareness as a fundamental physical
quantity like charge in electrodynamics. This cosmological context reveals the origin of complexity in self-organized
living-systems wherein the physical basis of qualia is formalized. The dynamics of this teleological action principle,
mediated by a unitary noetic field pervading all biochemical species, optimizes the state of well-being through
homeostasis and provides the fundamental basis for developing a Moral Psychology.
Category: Mind Science
[4865] viXra:1305.0109 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-17 15:14:55
Authors: Richard L. Amoroso
Comments: 7 Pages.
Theoretical modeling suggests spin-glass resonance properties of ordered water play a key role in the phase
regulation of neuromolecular computation in processes related to consciousness in complex self-organized living
systems. Water provides the central tier in the synchronization backbone required for quantum data processing and
information transduction in the domain of Quantum Brain Dynamics (QBD).
Category: Mind Science
[4864] viXra:1305.0108 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-17 15:19:37
Authors: Richard L Amoroso
Comments: 30 Pages.
The concept of an élan vital or life force has long been considered the elementary action principle driving
the evolution of living-systems by theologically minded scientists and individuals. Sufficiently extending Einstein’s
original model of a Static Universe, to a Holographic Conscious Multiverse (HCM), provides a context for solving
this centuries old problem for introducing this type of teleological principle into biology, medicine and psychology.
This means the contemporary framework of biological mechanism should no longer be considered the formal
philosophical basis for describing living systems and contemporary allopathic (scientific) medicine. The new noetic
action principle has far reaching implications for medicine and transpersonal psychology. It will lead, for example to
the prevention of Alzheimer’s disease and the development of fantastic consciousness based technologies like the
fabled Star Trek Medical Tricorder able to heal a wound in a few seconds normally taking months! The question is
not if the current medical paradigm will shift to Noetic form; but how soon the necessary requirements can be
implemented in order that society may reap the benefits.
Category: Mind Science
[4863] viXra:1305.0107 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-17 15:23:36
Authors: Richard L. Amoroso, Elizabeth A. Rauscher
Comments: 12 Pages.
In Holographic Anthropic Multiverse (HAM) cosmology observed temporal reality is a 3(4)D virtual
subspace of an 11(12)D eternity in correspondence with the tenets of the F-Theory incarnation of M-Theory; 12D
being the minimum number of dimensions (D) to signify causal separation from temporality. Succinctly HAM
cosmology postulates an infinite number of nested Hubble spheres each with their own laws of physics; this and
other details of the HAM will be discussed in detail. The HAM present is a dynamic instant, a continuous-state
standing wave of the least cosmological unit of the 12D Superspace undergoing a Continuous Dimensional
Reduction / Compactification Process (CDRCP) based on extensions of the Wheeler-Feynman-Cramer transactional
models. This HAM dynamic entails an energy dependent spacetime metric as 1st proposed by Einstein. This means
that HD properties of the CDRCP standing wave metric entail a form of future-past hysteresis loop. The energetics
of this so-called hysteresis loop of the 12D least unit reveal a new action principle driving the evolution of the HAM
which is itself a form of self-organized complex system. Since the HAM is scale invariant these energetics also
apply to self-organized Autopoietic living systems. This new teleological or noetic action principle is shown to be
associated with the unitary physical field and a form of ‘super quantum potential’ as postulated by de Broglie and
Bohm. Using these parameters an alternate derivation of the string tension formalism is derived. It is anticipated
that this form of the string tension formalism may shed light on recalculating Planck’s constant and lead to a
program for completing quantum theory. HAM cosmology is empirically testable and an experimental protocol for
isolation of the new energy dynamics is presented.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[4862] viXra:1305.0106 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-17 15:26:17
Authors: Richard L. Amoroso
Comments: 5 Pages.
Biophysical aspects of Frohlich coherent states and Einstein-Bose Condensates on nanoscale brain structures such as the
microtubule, synaptic grid, or ion channel have been considered relevant to information processing through quasiparticle scattering as a
putative foundation for a quantum theory of consciousness. Although the body of theoretical evidence for Frohlich type events in
biological systems has been growing for thirty years, the highly speculative nature of this model has hindered broad acceptance in the
scientific community. In this paper, as a prelude to in vivo experimentation, a theoretical model is described for creating empirically
measurable coherent states in vitro microtubule and DNA Oligomers using a system of modulated tuneable-laser interferometry in
resonance with an applied Frohlich frequency to drive the collective dynamics of superradiance and self-induced transparency deemed
essential for Frohlich and Bose-Einstein effects in biological systems. Empirical realization of this model would open the door to
experimental study of the physical parameters of consciousness.
Category: Physics of Biology
[4861] viXra:1305.0105 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-17 15:48:14
Authors: Richard L. Amoroso, Elizabeth A. Rauscher
Comments: 23 Pages.
It has long been known that “subtle Energy” pervades the cosmos and every interstice of all forms of
living systems. Until now there has never been a pragmatic scientific model of these energies that lends itself to
rigorous empirical investigation. A self-organized cosmological model, called the Holographic Anthropic Multiverse
(HAM), has been developed wherein a teleological action naturally arises. This new complex self-organized action
principle is synonymous with the unified field sought by physicists like Einstein; that in an anthropic multiverse
‘pervades all space, gives life, is the light of the mind and the force that frames the heavens’. This action principle
has broad application to fields of medicine and psychology.
Category: Physics of Biology
[4860] viXra:1305.0104 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-17 16:43:51
Authors: Richard L. Amoroso, Menas Kafatos, Paule Ecimovic
Comments: 6 Pages.
Einstein's refinement of Newtonian gravitation repeated for General Relativity (GR) by quantum cosmology requires inflationary
models of the universe to be critically reevaluated; the Hubble redshift is shown not to result from Doppler velocity, but anisotropic
coupling to vacuum zero point fluctuations through harmonic structure described in terms of the Wheeler - Feynman absorber theory
of radiation in the context of a Dirac vacuum and compactification dynamics. The quantum gravity of the comoving hyperstructure
of a universe topologically both open and closed like a Klein bottle, also implies that frequency shift in photon propagation over
cosmological distances is an inherent part of the spin exchange process, removing the ad hoc criticism of the well known Vigier
theory of 'tired light'.
Category: Astrophysics
[4859] viXra:1305.0103 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-18 01:54:58
Authors: Jay Yoon
Comments: 47 Pages.
As the twenty-first century unfolds, the mystery of Atlantis remains as enigmatic as ever. That is, until now. Google Earth, for the first time in the history of human civilization, has laid bare the seafloor of the world's oceans for anyone to see, and the author has found the lost city of Atlantis fifteen thousand feet under the sea.
In Atlantis Shrugged, the author presents these never-before-seen photos of the city through a Socratic dialogue, a conversation between three historical figures, Aristotle, Critias, and Solon, that will reveal to the discerning reader the true nature of Atlantis. Aristotle, who disbelieved in his teacher Plato's story, through the course of the dialogue, becomes convinced of the truth of Plato's narrative and his stamp of approval and conversion symbolizes the transmigration of the story of Atlantis from the realm of shadowy mist of myth to that of indisputable fact.
Atlantis Shrugged contains the makings of a paradigm shift in our world consciousness, wherein the myths of our past will be revealed as sacred truth, a truth that indeed, is stranger than fiction.
Category: Archaeology
[4858] viXra:1305.0102 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-17 12:29:58
Authors: Richard L. Amoroso, Menas Kafatos, Sisir Roy
Comments: 10 Pages.
A new type of scaling applicable to a variety of physical parameters in the universe is
proposed here. This utilizes a relation linking the fundamental masses and fundamental
constants in nature and an axiomatic approach is developed for the relations between
microscopic and macroscopic found by Eddington and Dirac. In this approach, the
fundamental constants are changing with time and the variation is related to the changing
of the scale of the universe. The variation of the fundamental constants leads to an arrow
of time in the present universe as well as scale-invariant relationships linking all scales.
All lengths in the universe are proportional to the scale of the universe R, and similar
relations exist for other physical parameters.
Category: Astrophysics
[4857] viXra:1305.0101 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-17 08:28:01
Authors: Ervin Goldfain
Comments: 30 Pages. Awaiting publication later on this year
The Standard Model of particle physics (SM) is a theoretical framework that integrates our current knowledge of the subatomic world and its fundamental interactions. A key program built in the structure of the SM is the Renormalization Group (RG), whose function is to preserve self-consistency and describe how parameters of the theory evolve with the energy scale. Despite being overwhelmingly supported by experimental data, the SM has many puzzling aspects, such as the large number of parameters, a triplication of chiral families and the existence of three gauge interactions. In contrast with the majority of mainstream proposals advanced over the years, the basic premise of our study is that a satisfactory resolution of challenges confronting the SM requires further advancing the RG program. In particular, understanding the nonlinear dynamics of RG equations and the unavoidable transition from smooth to fractal dimensionality of space-time are critically important for the success of this endeavor. Here we show how the onset of fractal space-time near or above the electroweak scale is likely to settle at least some of these challenges.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[4856] viXra:1305.0100 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-17 03:47:11
Authors: Maurizio M. D'Eliseo
Comments: 13 Pages.
Orbital averages are employed to compute the secular variation of the elliptical planetary elements
in the orbital plane in presence of perturbing forces of various kinds. They are also useful as an
aid in the computation of certain complex integrals. An extensive list of computed integrals is given.
Category: Mathematical Physics
[4855] viXra:1305.0099 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-16 08:37:03
Authors: Richard L. Amoroso, Elizabeth A. Rauscher
Comments: 6 Pages.
We have analyzed, calculated and extended the modification of Maxwell’s equations in a complex Minkowski metric, M4 in a C2 space using the SU2 gauge, SL(2,c) and other gauge groups, such as SUn for n >2 expanding the U1 gauge theories of Weyl. This work yields additional predictions beyond the electroweak unification scheme. Some of these are: 1) modified gauge invariant conditions, 2) short range non-Abelian force terms and Abelian long range force terms in Maxwell’s equations, 3) finite but small rest of the photon, and 4) a magnetic monopole like term and 5) longitudinal as well as transverse magnetic and electromagnetic field components in a complex Minkowski metric M4 in a C4 space.
Category: Mathematical Physics
[4854] viXra:1305.0098 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-16 08:43:17
Authors: Richard L. Amoroso
Comments: 15 Pages.
For a hundred years violation or surmounting the Quantum Uncertainty Principle has remained a Holy Grail of both theoretical and empirical physics. Utilizing an operationally completed form of Quantum Theory cast in a string theoretic Higher Dimensional (HD) form of Dirac covariant polarized vacuum with a complex Einstein energy dependent spacetime metric, M4:C4 with sufficient degrees of freedom to be causally free of the local quantum state, we present a simple empirical model for ontologically surmounting the phenomenology of uncertainty through a Sagnac Effect RF pulsed Laser Oscillated Vacuum Energy Resonance hierarchy cast within an extended form of a Wheeler-Feynman-Cramer Transactional Calabi-Yau mirror symmetric spacetime backcloth.
Category: Quantum Physics
[4853] viXra:1305.0097 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-16 11:01:07
Authors: John Girault
Comments: 1 Page. We show Einsten wrong.
We EXPOSE the AGENDA of the sientist who tells us thet EINSTEN was wright.
Category: Condensed Matter
[4852] viXra:1305.0096 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-16 12:30:45
Authors: A. Key
Comments: 2 Pages.
Minimal ideals give a generation.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[4851] viXra:1305.0095 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-15 20:47:32
Authors: U.V.S. Seshavatharam, S. Lakshminarayana, B.V.S.T. Sai
Comments: 18 Pages. Published in International Journal of Physics, 2013, Vol. 1, No. 3, 49-64 Available online at http://pubs.sciepub.com/ijp/1/3/1 © Science and Education Publishing DOI:10.12691/ijp-1-3-1
By highlighting the major shortcomings of modern cosmology, in this paper, an attempt is made to verify the cosmic acceleration in a quantum mechanical approach. With reference to the valuable opinion of Edwin Hubble, redshift can be related to a new atomic phenomenon. If light is coming from the atomic matter of the galaxy, then the observed redshift can be interpreted as an index of the galactic atomic ‘light emission mechanism’. Clearly speaking, redshift may not be connected with ‘galaxy receding’. The authors propose the following: During cosmic evolution, an ‘aged’ hydrogen atom emits an energetic photon. As the age of the hydrogen atom increases, it emits photons with increased quanta of energy and thus past light quanta emitted from an old galaxy will have less energy and show a red shift with reference to our galaxy. During its journey light quanta will not lose energy and there will be no change in the light’s wavelength. If so current cosmological changes may be reflected in any existing atom. The possible assumptions are : 1) At any given cosmic time, Hubble length can be considered as the gravitational or electromagnetic interaction range. 2) Being a primordial evolving black hole and Hubble’s constant being the angular velocity, universe is always rotating with light speed. 3) In atomic and nuclear physics, atomic gravitational constant is squared Avogadro number times the Newton’s gravitational constant and is discrete as , where n =1,2,3.. 4) Key conceptual link that connects the gravitational force and non-gravitational forces is - the classical force limit, . Ratio of classical force limit and the imaginary electroweak force magnitude is . 5) Avogadro number is discrete and thus the imaginary electroweak force is discrete and can be expressed as and it seems to be more fundamental than the electromagnetic and strong nuclear forces. 6) Discrete imaginary electroweak force may be the responsible force for revolving electron’s discrete total energy in hydrogen atom. 7) Characteristic nuclear radius and Reduced Planck’s constant increases with cosmic time. 8) It can be suggested that, fermion and its corresponding boson mass ratio is not unity but a value close to This idea can be applied to quarks, leptons, proton and the charged Higgs fermion. One can see “super symmetry” in low energies as well as high energies.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[4850] viXra:1305.0094 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-15 22:17:49
Authors: Jin He, Xiaoli Yang
Comments: 11 Pages. 1 Figure. Nobel prizes come from the solutions of the Creator's equation.
Is the sum of rational structures also a rational structure? It is called the Creator's big question for humans. Numerical calculation suggests that it is approximately rational for the fitted parameter values of barred spiral galaxies. However, we need mathematical justification. The authors present the Creator's equation system without composite functions, the equation system being the necessary and sufficient condition for rational structure. However, we have not found its general solution. Please help us find the general solution.
Category: Functions and Analysis
[4849] viXra:1305.0093 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-16 06:16:21
Authors: Vladimir F. Tamari
Comments: 10 Pages. This essay was submitted to the fqXi Essay Contest "It from Bit or Bit from It?" May 2013
It is impossible to give an assured answer to questions concerning the relationship between
Information (for example in the form of BITs) and the physical Universe at the fundamental
level (IT). Information is an artifact of human thought imposed on Nature to describe some of its
aspects. Nor can experimentation resolve such questions: An observer using an imaging
instrument such as a telescope or microscope sees only the final image. There is a Cloud of
Unknowing obscuring the true nature of Reality because signals carrying information about
physical processes at fundamental scales get distorted, dissipated and subjected to noise in the channel or medium they pass through until they are finally observed at macroscopic scales. A similar Cloud obscures Reality when these experimental results are subjected to fallible logical and mathematical analysis. There is a necessity to examine our philosophy of knowing. By their very nature our best theories are merely our best guesses, and there is no guarantee that better theories may not be discovered contradicting present assumptions and/or presenting new ones.Nevertheless speculation and model-making is allowed. In analog computing devices such as the abacus, a bead is both a thing and a number. Reality may be like that at fundamental scales where its physical and informational content can be regarded as one and the same thing. Rather than BITs being the units of such information however, it is more likely that some sort of physical Bloch-Sphere-like QUBITs making up an ether are the building blocks of radiation and matter, and carriers of zero point energy making up the vacuum. In the theory of everything IT=QUBIT may be the paradigm of choice.
Category: History and Philosophy of Physics
[4848] viXra:1305.0092 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-16 07:32:35
Authors: John Girault
Comments: 1 Page. We show that E=mc^2 is not correct
It is well known that the energy of a particle is equal to mv, with m mass and v the velocity of the particle, We use this, to show that Einstenn was wrong..
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[4847] viXra:1305.0091 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-15 08:12:38
Authors: Thierry Delort
Comments: 7 Pages.
In a previous article (1), we presented a very complete cosmological theory of ether. In this article we bring complements to this cosmology. In particular we study fluid mechanics for a spherical concentration of ether-substance moving inside the intergalactic ether-substance. We make also appear 2 kinds of radius for a galaxy and we establish the evolution as a function of time of the 1st kind. We also verify a simple relation between the 2 radius of the milky way at an age of the universe equal to 5 billion years. We also study the thermal transfer linked to the motion of a galaxy inside the intergalactic ether-substance (ether-substance occupying the space between galaxies) .
Category: Astrophysics
[4846] viXra:1305.0090 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-15 10:31:35
Authors: Richard L. Amoroso, Min-Ying Jacob Chu
Comments: 23 Pages.
Transmissible prion based spongiform encephalopathies propagate by conformational change of the prion’s protein, PrP structure. An experimental design, relying on the utility of a new fundamental teleological action principle inherent in the topological geometry of a covariant polarized Dirac vacuum putatively driving self-organization in all autopoietic complex living systems, is developed to elucidate the fundamental nature of this conformational change. Further, PrP propagation is considered a mechanical action that can be described by ‘interactive computational modes’ of ‘topological switching’ driven by incursive oscillations occurring in the bioenergetics of the prions physical chemistry when improperly coupled to the long-range coherence of the noetic action. The experimental apparatus, a multi-level interferometer, is designed to focus this noetic field in a manner that simulates the mechanism driving PrP conformation to pathological form.
Category: Physics of Biology
[4845] viXra:1305.0089 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-15 11:12:38
Authors: S.E. Grimm
Comments: 9 Pages.
The contents of this essay describe the underlying reality of physic information. This reality turns out to be mathematical. All the information about the existence of phenomena and their mutually influences can be described and elucidated by mathematical concepts. The benefit of this mathematical structure is an impressive reduction of substantive concepts in physics (mainly special/general relativity and quantum theory). Moreover, the hypothesis belongs to the category “bottom up” approaches. Therefore, some well-known foundational questions in physics, mathematics, and cosmology will be reviewed.
Category: Mathematical Physics
[4844] viXra:1305.0088 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-15 12:49:43
Authors: Marius Coman
Comments: 3 Pages.
A simple list of sequences of products of three numbers, many of them, if not all of them, having probably an infinity of terms that are Fermat pseudoprimes to base 2 with three prime factors.
Category: Number Theory
[4843] viXra:1305.0087 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-15 13:23:47
Authors: A Paramashivam
Comments: 5 Pages. Email:shiva22116@gmail.com
Modern observations of star formation in different galaxies contradicts with the current star formation theories. There are few questions and observations where current star formation theories were not able to explain well. This paper proposes an alternative theory of Star formation and birth of Supermassive Black holes after the Big Bang, which can answer the contradictions without violating the physics laws and fit perfectly well with the modern observations.
Category: Astrophysics
[4842] viXra:1305.0086 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-15 14:59:33
Authors: Richard L. Amoroso, Jean-Pierre Vigier, Menas Kafatos, Geoffrey Hunter
Comments: 10 Pages.
Extending EM and Quantum Theory suggests the possibility of photon mass, additional terms for Maxwell‘s equations, reality of de Broglie-Bohm causality and the Vigier model of extended charged particles. Experimental tests indicative of these hypotheses can be performed with double-slit interferometry of single visible wavelengths comparing near and far field sources over laboratory and various cosmological distances to observe the possibility of spreading of the photon wavepacket during propagation. These observations could determine whether nonlinearities causing non-dispersivity are associated with Maxwell’s equations. If so, this may be an indirect determination of non-zero restmass photon anisotropy, de Broglie photon piloting and vacuum permittivity reincarnating the Michelson-Morley experiment in terms of a Dirac covariant ether.
Category: Astrophysics
[4841] viXra:1305.0085 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-14 14:42:59
Authors: Nathan O. Schmidt
Comments: 16 pages, 2 figures, published in the Hadronic Journal
In this work, we forge a powerful, easy-to-visualize, flexible, consistent, and disciplined abstract vector framework for particle and astro physics that is compliant with the holographic principle. We demonstrate that the structural properties of the complex number and the sphere enable us to introduce and define the triplex number---an influential information structure that is similar to the 3D hyper-complex number by D. White and P. Nylander---which identifies a 3D analogue of (2D) complex space. Consequently, we engage the complex and triplex numbers as abstract vectors to systematically encode the state space of the Riemannian dual 3D and 4D space-time topologies, where space and time are dual and interconnected; we use the triplex numbers (with triplex multiplication) to extend 1D and 2D algebraic systems to 3D and 4D configurations. In doing so, we equip space-time with order parameter fields for topological deformations. Finally, to exemplify our motivation, we provide three example applications for this framework.
Category: Mathematical Physics
[4840] viXra:1305.0084 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-14 19:49:17
Authors: Xiong Wang
Comments: 12 Pages.
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking(SSB), in contrast to explicit sym-metry breaking, is a spontaneous process by which a system governed
by a symmetrical dynamic ends up in an asymmetrical state. So the
symmetry of the equations is not re
ected by the individual solutions,
but it is re
ected by the symmetrically coexistence of asymmetrical
solutions. SSB provides a way of understanding the complexity of
nature without renouncing fundamental symmetries which makes us
believe or prefer symmetric to asymmetric fundamental laws. Many
illustrations of SSB are discussed from QFT, everyday life to nonlinear
dynamic system.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[4839] viXra:1305.0083 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-14 07:18:48
Authors: Richard L. Amoroso
Comments: 8 Pages.
This physics note entails a summary of an extended form of Eccles-Cartesian Interactive Dualism mind-body-multiverse paradigm called Noetic Field Theory: The Quantization of Mind (NFT), distinguished as a paradigm because it is comprehensive and empirically testable. NFT posits not only that the brain is not the seat of awareness but also that neither classical nor quantum mechanics are sufficient to describe mind as the required regime entails the new physics associated with Unified Field, UF Mechanics. This means that the brain is merely a transducer (quantum computer) mediating mentation, sensory data and metabolic function. The so-called ‘Hard Problem’ of cognitive science arises as a category error in philosophy of mind, i.e. an incorrect posit of the question “what processes in the brain give rise to awareness” which instead should simply be queried “what processes give rise to awareness”. In the history of science whenever a hard problem has arisen it has later been shown that the underlying principles had not been understood. NFT posits these underlying principles in a comprehensive empirically testable manner that enable breaking the 1st person 3rd person barrier able to explain Psi-phenomena. The premise is that the mind-body is a naturally occurring form of ‘conscious quantum computer’ (QC), not that the QC is conscious but that it is modelled after those principles. Such QC technologies could lead to routine telepathic effect devices.
Category: Mind Science
[4838] viXra:1305.0082 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-14 00:58:36
Authors: Yaqub Azari
Comments: 9 Pages.
This paper presents the local radial basis function based on finite difference (LRBF-FD) for the sine-Gordon equation. Advantages of the proposed method are that this method is mesh free unlike finite difference (FD) and finite element (FE) methods, and its coefficient matrix is sparse and well-conditioned as compared with the global RBF collocation method (GRBF). Numerical results show that the LRBF-FD method has good accuracy as compared with GRBF.
Category: Functions and Analysis
[4837] viXra:1305.0081 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-13 06:47:57
Authors: Bassam Abdul-Baki
Comments: 5 Pages.
In mathematics, Midy's theorem, named after French mathematician E. Midy, is a statement about the decimal expansion of fractions a/p where p is a prime and a/p has a repeating decimal expansion with an even period. If the period of the decimal representation of a/p is 2n, then the digits in the second half of the repeating decimal period are the 9s complement of the corresponding digits in its first half.
The Extended Midy's Theorem states that if the repeating portion of the decimal expansion of a/p is divided into k-digit numbers, then their sum is a multiple of 10^k − 1.
Category: Number Theory
[4836] viXra:1305.0080 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-13 07:19:22
Authors: Ranganath G Kulkarni
Comments: 3 Pages.
It is possible to make decisions mathematically of first order predicate calculus. A new
mathematical formula is found for the solution of decision problem. We can reduce a logical algorithm into simple algorithm without logical trees
Category: Artificial Intelligence
[4835] viXra:1305.0079 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-13 10:57:55
Authors: Marius Coman
Comments: 4 Pages.
The applications of the multiples of the number 30 in the study of Fermat pseudoprimes was for a long time one of my favourite subject of study; in this paper I shall list 13 sequences that I discovered, many of them, if not all of them, having probably an infinity of terms that are Carmichael numbers. I posted many of them on OEIS, where I analized more of their attributes; here I’ll just list them, enumerate their first few terms and present few conjectures.
Category: Number Theory
[4834] viXra:1305.0078 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-12 13:42:20
Authors: Mourici Shachter(Shechter)
Comments: 10 Pages.
In this paper I solve classical quantum mechanics problems without using Schrödinger equation. Problems solved are: particle in a 1, 2, and 3 dimensional box, particle in a ring, Quantum harmonic oscillator, and hydrogen-like atoms. Solutions are very short, and rely on Newtonian Mechanics.
This issue make easy to understand the mysteries of Quantum Theory
Category: Quantum Physics
[4833] viXra:1305.0077 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-12 19:38:59
Authors: Joel M Williams
Comments: 7 Pages.
This paper looks at the atomic bonding involved in the diatomic molecules of the second period of the periodic table. It addresses their molecular electrostatics, bond strengths, and electron affinities. Particular attention is given to the anomalies of the carbon diatom. Questions are raised about the sensibleness of the spdf model’s spatial ability to contain two electrons on an axis between diatoms and its ability to form π-bonds from parallel p-orbitals located over the nuclei of each atom. Nitrogen, carbon monoxide, oxygen, and fluorine all have the same inter-nuclei bonding: the difference in bond strength is due to the number of anti-bonding electrons and not to differences in the number of bonds.
Category: Quantum Physics
[4832] viXra:1305.0076 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-12 23:13:48
Authors: Constantinos Ragazas
Comments: 12 Pages. All Rights Reserved Copyright 2013 C. Ragazas
Based on the facts on the ground and on ancient texts, I argue Göbekli Tepe is the site of The Hanging Gardens of Babylon. One of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Further, I explain why the current dates of 10,000BC for Göbekli Tepe are wrong. Rather, this construction probably dates to 600BC. At a time when Babylonian and Assyrian Civilizations are known to have had the capabilities and organization to have built such wonders.
Category: Archaeology
[4831] viXra:1305.0075 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-12 23:55:34
Authors: Franklin Hu
Comments: 4 Pages.
The Higgs boson has been described as the “God” particle that will explain everything about the
universe according to the popular press. The reality is that the Higgs boson of the Standard Model might only help explain how only certain particles obtain mass. Instead of the heavy Higgs boson found at the LHC, another simpler particle that consists of only a joined positron and electron is considered as the candidate for the real “God” particle. This is a particle that will live up to the hype that a single particle could explain such diverse and seemingly unrelated and unexplained phenomenon such as mass, inertia and magnetism. This is a particle that will explain everything about the universe on a fundamental basis.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[4830] viXra:1305.0074 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-12 23:56:59
Authors: Andrew Beckwith
Comments: 17 Pages.
The author asks if octonion quantum gravity is relevant near the Planck scale. Furthermore, the question is raised if gravitational waves would be generated during the initial phase, of the universe when an increase in degrees of freedom have in setting the initial phase, so that the result can be observed by a gravitational detector. The well appreciated quantum gravity problem that the notion of a quantum state, representing the structure of spacetime at some instant, and the notion of the evolution of the state, does not get traction, since there are no real “instants”, is avoided by having the initial octonion geometry embedded in a larger, non linear “pilot model” (semi classical) embedding structure. The Penrose suggestion of re cycled space time avoiding a ‘big crunch’ is picked as the embedding structure, so as to avoid the ‘instants’ of time issue. In addition the favored idea is to avoid the well known string theory trap known as the dimensionality problem of an equation of motion (consistency condition) which is the reason why string theory dimensionality is either (10 or 26) depending upon if super symmetry is imposed. Getting octonion gravity as embedded in a larger, Pilot theory embedding structure may restore Quantum Gravity to its rightful place in early cosmology without the lunacy of then afterwards ‘Schrodinger equation ‘ states of the universe, forevermore afterwards.. Setting the initial phase, in a GW detector due to appropriate measurement procedures may allow the opportunity to find experimental clues as to this embedding structure in which octonion gravity may emerge in the Planckian regime.of evolutionary cosmology.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[4829] viXra:1305.0073 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-12 09:19:11
Authors: Claude Michael Cassano
Comments: 10 Pages.
I will show, herein, that all the fermion masses may be determined from merely two well chosen constants, and all the fermion charges thereafter.
My book, "Reality is a Mathematical Model" (reference [1]), lays out the foundations of the algebraic construction of the vector-geometry of space-time and how the smooth functions represent the fundamental objects therein.
From there, my book, "A Mathematical Preon Foundation for the Standard Model" (reference [2]), gives an introductory look at how fundamental object mass originates from charge; an architecture of these fundamental objects; and the interactions of these fundamental objects.
Here, the picture of the mass of the fundamental objects is extended.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[4828] viXra:1305.0072 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-12 10:12:32
Authors: Richard Blaber
Comments: 4 Pages.
This paper sets out to refute the idea of a ‘quantum theory of gravity’ on the basis that the General Theory of Relativity accounts for gravity in terms of the curvature of space-time, rather than treating it as a force.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[4827] viXra:1305.0071 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-12 06:33:07
Authors: Dan Visser
Comments: 2 Pages.
The Higgs-particle could be a dark matter particle! It is not enough to confirm spin 0 and + parity for the Higgs-like particle to let it be the Higgs-particle. The Double Torus hypothesis should be involved. A dark matter particle in this new framework could also have spin 0 and + parity under condition it contributes to gravity, but its properties can also contribute as negative mass to anti-gravity.
Category: Mathematical Physics
[4826] viXra:1305.0070 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-12 04:51:38
Authors: Andrew Beckwith
Comments: 5 Pages.
The following questions is asked, If one takes the covariant derivative of a Stress-energy representation of early universe massive gravitons, is the derivative of the Graviton stress tensor equal to zero ? If so, then in what range of astrophysics does this occur, and when does this formalism break down? We bring this up as a counter point to an article written by Lavenda and Davies purporting to claim that the Tolman test for a first law of thermodynamics which they generalize to first and second law of thermodynamics for inflationary cosmology breaks down for early universe gravitons and will not even satisfy the first law of thermodynamics according to the Tolman criteria
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[4825] viXra:1305.0069 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-11 16:31:27
Authors: Richard L. Amoroso, Salvatore Giandinoto
Comments: 21 Pages.
Class II mesoionic xanthines such as anhydro-(8-hydroxyalkyl-5-hydroxy-7-oxothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidinium hydroxides) are unique, small atomic weight, stable crystalline
organic compounds that can be represented as a combination of ten different resonance structures for
each simple xanthine molecule. Each resonance structure contributes a certain percentage to the total
resonance of the molecule. This unique resonance represents ten different quantum states of the
entire molecule and can thus be exploited as a potential substrate for a ten-qubit register. The number
of possible superposition states for such a register in a single molecule is potentially as high as states
or (in this case where n = 10) 1,024 complex numbers. In solution the least-unit of this mesoionic
crystalline structure is scalable suggesting putative utility for bulk NMR quantum computing. It will
be shown that these ten-qubit registers are amenable to standard Deutsch-Jozsa, Shor and Grover
algorithms. Additionally, we attempt to formalize I/O techniques for our Class II mesoionic
xanthines based on a coherent control RF process of cumulative resonant interaction where by
utilizing additional degrees of freedom pertinent to a relativistic basis for the qbit (r-qbit) new HD
commutation rules allow decoherence to be ontologically overcome.
Category: Quantum Physics
[4824] viXra:1305.0068 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-11 21:47:07
Authors: Laszlo B. Kish, Chiman Kwan
Comments: 8 Pages.
Weak uncloneable function (PUF) encryption key means that the manufacturer of the hardware can clone the key but anybody else is unable to so that. Strong uncloneable function (PUF) encryption key means that even the manufacturer of the hardware is unable to clone the key. In this paper, first we introduce a "ultra"-strong PUF with intrinsic dynamical randomness, which is not only not cloneable but it also gets renewed to an independent key (with fresh randomness) during each use via the unconditionally secure key exchange. The solution utilizes the Kirchhoff-law-Johnson-noise (KLJN) method for dynamical key renewal and a one-time-pad secure key for the challenge/response process. The secure key is stored in a flash memory on the chip to provide tamper-resistance and non-volatile storage with zero power requirements in standby mode. Simplified PUF keys are shown: a strong PUF utilizing KLJN protocol during the first run and noise-based logic (NBL) hyperspace vector string verification method for the challenge/response during the rest of its life or until it is re-initialized. Finally, the simplest PUF utilizes NBL without KLJN thus it can be cloned by the manufacturer but not by anybody else.
Category: Data Structures and Algorithms
[4823] viXra:1305.0066 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-11 14:40:41
Authors: I. Ramabhadrasarma, J. Madhusudanan Rao, S. Sambasiva Rao
Comments: 4 Pages. To Appear in Global Journal of Mathematical Science: Theory and Practical [GJMS] ISSS NO. 0974-3200. We presented paper in the NCAMEI 2013 organized by Kakatiya University, Warangal, Andhrapradesh, India.
The purpose of this note is to show that (a) the concepts of metric and D*-metric are topologically identical, and (b) propose a slight generalization
of a fixed point theorem in a metric space and exploit (a) above to derive an improved version of a known fixed point theorem in D-metric spaces.
Category: Topology
[4822] viXra:1305.0065 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-11 06:47:28
Authors: Wolfgang Westenberger
Comments: 2 Pages.
You will get the horizontal rotation curve of spiral galaxies and the increasing rotation curve of small galaxies respectively by using the well-known features of normal baryonic matter. There is no need for any speculative matter or other unknown.
Category: Astrophysics
[4821] viXra:1305.0064 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-10 12:24:58
Authors: Thanh G. Nguyen
Comments: 11 pages, 3 figures
In this article, by using fundamental concepts in classical mechanics, we derive equations describing gravitational red shift and Doppler effect for light as well as equations describing the relations among mass, momentum, and energy including mass-energy equivalence. Although our equations are different than those in Newtonian mechanics or special relativity, they yield results that are approximate results calculated with Newton mechanics or special relativity for values of velocity, which are much less than speed of light. Since the concepts in classical mechanics are not separated from the perspective of absolute space and time, this theory is named the theory of invariance.
Category: Classical Physics
[4820] viXra:1305.0063 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-10 16:33:13
Authors: Yurij L. Katchanov, Natalia A. Shmatko
Comments: 19 Pages.
One of the most exciting and fruitful applications of mathematical methods in the natural sciences is the variational principle. The fundamental problem of interdisciplinary studies of science is the derivation of the variational principle, which makes it possible to interpret the empirical regularities of a scientific field as a logical necessity. The concept of scientific capital developed by Pierre Bourdieu is used in international social science research to explain a set of scholarly properties and practices. Scientific capital embraces the interrelations between separate sociological variables, providing a unified view of science. According to the variational principle, the distribution of the active properties of scholars results in a social reality in which the functional — which means the scientific capital — achieves its maximum value. Scientific capital is derived from the energy functional defined using the Kolmogorov differential operator. Based on the results of an empirical study conducted in 2010 in the Russian Federation, a scientific capital value was determined for each respondent by calculating an empirical distribution function for each respondent’s active properties. Using a sample of 3,450 Russian PhD holders who are employed at research institutions, universities and industries, a connection between scientific capital and scientific achievements was established. More specifically, the results demonstrate that the sampling distribution of scientific achievements can be explained by the sampling distribution of scientific capital.
Category: Social Science
[4819] viXra:1305.0062 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-10 10:59:07
Authors: Wes Hansen
Comments: 28 Pages.
"A document for thought and nothing besides . . . "
Category: Religion and Spiritualism
[4818] viXra:1305.0061 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-10 08:41:10
Authors: Bernard Riley
Comments: 9 Pages.
The scales of atomic and particle physics are shown to be related to Planck scale through multiplication by small integer powers of two numbers. One of the numbers is the fine structure constant; the other is of geometric origin. The scales include the Bohr radius and related scales (the reduced Compton wavelength, the classical electron radius, the electron mass and the Hartree energy), the pion charge radius and strong interaction time scale, the up and top quark masses, and the GUT scale.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[4817] viXra:1305.0060 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-10 02:02:11
Authors: Frank Dodd (Tony) Smith Jr.
Comments: 33 Pages.
Ancient Africa developed IFA divination with 256 Odu analagous to the Real Clifford Algebra Cl(8) and 16 Orishas analagous to the 8+8 Spinors of Cl(8) but in Africa IFA was transmitted by oral tradition and not written down. Humans emerging from Africa via the Arabian Sea settled in nearby India where ideas of IFA were written in the Sanskrit Rig Veda and encoded in Pachisi. By about 500 B.C. Pachisi evolved into Tarot. By about 1300 A.D. Tarot and some ideas of IFA were known in Mallorca where Ramon Llull used them to develop structures of the D4 and D8 Lie Algebras that lived in the IFA Clifford Algebra Cl(8) and its tensor square Cl(8)xCl(8) = Cl(16). Although Llull's work was preserved in writing in Mallorca, his ideas were rejected by the Intellectual Establishment of Paris and remained dormant for centuries. Around 1890 Killing and Cartan rediscovered Llull's Lie Algebras. Only in the 1900s did the work of Cartan as further developed mathematicaly by Jovet, Sauter, and Riesz and as applied by Dirac to physics show how a D8 half-Spinor could be added to D8 itself to get E8 Physics and to see how E8 Physics lives inside IFA Cl(8). It has taken until now (the 2000s) for the formal Written Human Culture to catch up with the informal Oral Ancient African Culture in understanding a realistic Unified Theory of the Laws of Nature. Table of Contents: Introduction ... page 2 African IFA to RigVeda-Pachisi ... page 3 RigVeda-Pachisi to Tarot ... page 7 Tarot to Llull ... page 11 Llull to Cartan-Dirac-Riesz-E8Physics ... page 21 Appendix1 - E6 to D4 ... page 22 Appendix2 - Some Details of E8 encoding in IFA ... page 26 Appendix3 - Comparison of Arabian Sea Africa-India connection with Nile River Africa-Egypt connection ... page 30 Appendix4 - Poster ... page 32
Category: History and Philosophy of Physics
[4816] viXra:1305.0059 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-09 17:44:12
Authors: Gary D. Simpson
Comments: 34 Pages.
Resting wave functions for the electron and the proton are presented. The proposed resting wave function of the proton is -6π^5 multiplied by the resting wave function of the electron. Therefore, the hypothesis presented in Part 1 is not rejected. An unexpected consequence of this work is the ability to calculate the size of the proton by using Equation 13.4. The resulting value for the diameter is 1.668 x 10-15 meter. This is within the accepted measured range of the proton diameter at 1.755(102) x 10-15 meter. Another unexpected consequence of this work is the ability to associate vacuum energy with the wave function of the electron by using Equation 22.1.
Category: Quantum Physics
[4815] viXra:1305.0058 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-08 14:47:25
Authors: W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy, Florentin Smarandache
Comments: 197 Pages.
Study of algebraic structures using subsets was started by George Boole. After the invention of Boolean algebra, subsets were not used in any algebraic structures.
In this book we develop algebraic structures using subsets of a set, or of a group, or semigroup, or a ring and we get algebraic structures.
Using ring or semiring we get only subset semirings.
BY the method we get an infinite number of non-commutative semirings of finite order. We build subset semivector spaces, and describe and develop interesting properties over them.
Category: Algebra
[4814] viXra:1305.0057 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-08 14:50:08
Authors: W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy, Florentin Smarandache
Comments: 167 Pages.
Use of fuzzy neutrosophic models in the study of social problem or technical problem has become a demand for the day due to the involvement of indeterminacy. For always one is not in the position to say true or false, or assign a fuzzy value to any problem. At times, on is not in the position to commit to any of the three statements. In that situation, neutrosophic lmodels play a vital role.
In this book we introduce several fuzzy neutrosophic models to study social problems.
Category: Algebra
[4813] viXra:1305.0056 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-08 15:06:47
Authors: Richard L. Amoroso, Elizabeth A. Rauscher
Comments: 19 Pages.
We develop a formalism for the Schrödinger equation in an eight
dimensional complex Minkowski space and discuss its relation to the Dirac equation,
properties of nonlocality, remote connectedness, Young’s double slit experiment, Bell’s
Theorem, the EPR paradox and anticipatory parameters of spacetime; and also identify
an imaginary temporal component as a small nonlinear term and find soliton or solitary
wave solutions. These coherent solutions can carry information over long distances, are
consistent with Lorentz invariance and appear to provide a fundamental methodology
for describing the issue of quantum measurement and a new context for the basis of
quantum theory. In the Copenhagen view models of reality are not desirable. However
our new approach may enable the redefinition of concepts of reality from a new
nonlocal anticipatory quantum theory. Certainly the most desirable consequence of
scientific discovery is the ability to redefine our concepts of reality.
Category: Mathematical Physics
[4812] viXra:1305.0055 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-08 15:09:12
Authors: Richard L. Amoroso, Elizabeth A. Rauscher
Comments: 25 Pages.
Many naturally occurring phenomena require theoretical treatment
utilizing complex analysis by methods such as the Cauchy-Riemann relations using
hyper-geometrical spaces which treat inherently nonlinear, non-dispersive,
collective nonlocal resonant states of a quantum system, so as to be consistent with
the nonlinearity inherent in General Relativity. Typical quantum approaches form
linear approximations limiting the ability to formulate a quantum consistent
Relativity Theory.
Category: Mathematical Physics
[4811] viXra:1305.0054 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-08 15:12:10
Authors: Richard L. Amoroso
Comments: 12 Pages.
Human epistemology has steadily evolved from dark ages of superstition through enlightened periods of
logical reason to the current pragmatic age of empiricism. Now another Galilean class revolution
completing epistemology by integrating Science and Theology (S&T) utilizing transcendence seems
immanent. S&T represent opposite ends of a long continuum of schools of thought rather than mutually
exclusive disciplines as often believed. To implement the required paradigm shift an integrative noetic
science must include an adequate understanding of Transcendence. Over 2,000 years ago the Greek
philosopher Plato considered this type of noetic insight.
Category: Religion and Spiritualism
[4810] viXra:1305.0053 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-08 16:17:08
Authors: Richard L. Amoroso, Jean Pierre Vigier
Comments: 19 Pages.
In this work we extend Vigier’s recent theory of ‘tight bound state’ (TBS) physics and propose empirical protocols to test not only for
their putative existence, but also that their existence if demonstrated provides the 1st empirical evidence of string theory because it
occurs in the context of large-scale extra dimensionality (LSXD) cast in a unique M-Theoretic vacuum corresponding to the new
Holographic Anthropic Multiverse (HAM) cosmological paradigm. Physicists generally consider spacetime as a stochastic foam
containing a zero-point field (ZPF) from which virtual particles restricted by the quantum uncertainty principle (to the Planck time)
wink in and out of existence. According to the extended de Broglie-Bohm-Vigier causal stochastic interpretation of quantum theory
spacetime and the matter embedded within it is created annihilated and recreated as a virtual locus of reality with a continuous
quantum evolution (de Broglie matter waves) governed by a pilot wave - a ‘super quantum potential’ extended in HAM cosmology to
be synonymous with the a ‘force of coherence’ inherent in the Unified Field, UF. We consider this backcloth to be a covariant
polarized vacuum of the (generally ignored by contemporary physicists) Dirac type. We discuss open questions of the physics of point
particles (fermionic nilpotent singularities). We propose a new set of experiments to test for TBS in a Dirac covariant polarized
vacuum LSXD hyperspace suggestive of a recently tested special case of the Lorentz Transformation put forth by Kowalski and
Vigier. These protocols reach far beyond the recent battery of atomic spectral violations of QED performed through NIST.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics
[4809] viXra:1305.0052 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-08 19:32:37
Authors: Jin He, Xiaoli Yang
Comments: 8 Pages. The authors are very old and are not experts in mathematics. Please help us humans to resolve the question.
Is the sum of rational structures also a rational structure? It is called the Creator's big question for humans. Numerical calculation suggests that it is approximately rational for the fitted parameter values of barred spiral galaxies. However, we need mathematical justification. The authors are very old and are not experts in mathematics. Please help us humans to resolve the question.
Category: Functions and Analysis
[4808] viXra:1305.0051 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-08 20:05:19
Authors: P. Demchenko, T. Demchenko
Comments: Pages.
Abstract. - In many biological disciplines dealing with cell structures, kinetics of enzymes or thermal adaptation, water is often implicitly treated as a stage, where all important actions are performed, but with its only passive involvement. This is not declarative but de facto view and is for sure a result of a continued specialization. Nevertheless, when one plank of the stage is bent and dancers' heels often get stuck in this place, is it any wonder that the dance looks bizarre and at times enigmatic? The paper tries to explain some reasons for this enigma, some evidences of which are also given. The feature of water itself, one more abiotic factor is taken into consideration, providing a new explanation of many known facts. The paper examines the contribution of this water's characteristic to some details of enzymes kinetics and thermal adaptation.
Category: Physics of Biology
[4807] viXra:1305.0050 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-08 10:15:41
Authors: Paul August Winter, Carol Lynne Jessop
Comments: Pages.
The association of integers, conjugate pairs and tightness with the eigenvalues of graphs provide the motivation for the following definitions. A class of graphs, with the property, that for each graph (member) of the class, there exists a pair a,b of non-zero, distinct, eigenvalues, whose sum (or product) yields the same integer, either as a fixed constant, or a function of an inherent aspect of the graph (such as its size), is said to be sum-eigen*(a+b)*pair balanced (or product-eigen*(a.b)*pair balanced, respectively). For example, complete graphs on n vertices, are eigen-bi-balanced with sum-eigen*(n-2)*pair balanced and product-eigen*(1-n)*pair balanced, and since a,b are non-zero their reciprocals (which affect the tightness of a graph ) are defined, so that this class has the eigen-balanced ratio of 1/a+1/b=(a+b)/(a.b)= (n-2)/(1-n) =f(n) which is asymptotic to the constant value of -1. The absolute value of the integral of f(n) multiplied by the average degree yields the area (n-1)(n-ln(n-1)) – we show that this is the maximum area for most known classes of eigen-bi-balanced graphs. We investigate the effect of this asymptotic ratio on the energy of the molecular representation of graphs. Cycles are generally neither sum-eigen-pair, nor product-eigen-pair balanced, while paths are only sum- eigen-pair balanced. In this paper, we introduce a class of graphs, involving q cliques each of size q, and show that this class is eigen-bi-balanced with respect to the sum -1 and product 1-q so that it has ratio 1/(q-1) asymptotic to 0, and has area q(2q+2ln(q-1)), and discuss its eigen-bi-balanced criticality.
Category: Combinatorics and Graph Theory
[4806] viXra:1305.0049 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-08 06:04:29
Authors: Andrej Rehak
Comments: 4 Pages.
Geometric demonstration of free fall and rotation reveals space-time nature of the genesis of circle. We show that the operations with radius are equivalent to operations with velocity. Consequently, conventional spatial unit for radius (m), becomes equivalent to dynamic space-time unit for speed (m/s). We prove that the velocity is a physical equivalence of geometric idea of radius.
Category: Mathematical Physics
[4805] viXra:1305.0048 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-08 06:10:03
Authors: Andrej Rehak
Comments: 8 Pages.
Geometric demonstration located in v, t diagram explains the nature of the period of a pendulum, i.e. the universal connection of time with velocity (radius) and acceleration. Conceptual nature of the principles proof points to its universal validity. In other words, if it is valid for a circle, it is valid. Through the geometry of free fall we describe physical nature of irrational numbers π and √2. We demonstrate physical matrix of scale √2nπ. Through the relationship between the variables of space, time and velocity, using the principle of the pendulum, we illustrate the foundation of the law of conservation of energy. Analyzing its motion we point to nature of distortion of Euclidean geometry.
Category: Mathematical Physics
[4804] viXra:1305.0047 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-07 14:43:38
Authors: Stephan J.G. Gift
Comments: 24 Pages. This paper has been submitted for publication
Light transmission on the surface of the rotating Earth is examined using the Langevin metric of general relativity. It is shown that this metric which yields the rigorously tested and verified algorithm for clock synchronization in the Global Positioning System (GPS) also predicts east-west light speed anisotropy that is inconsistent with light speed isotropy postulated to hold at a local level on the rotating Earth. This light speed anisotropy is further demonstrated using experimentally confirmed light travel time in a simple speed calculation as well as the classical method of light speed relative to a terrestrial observer rotating with the Earth for light travel in the Earth-Centred Inertial (ECI) frame. These theoretical results are confirmed by experimental findings from GPS measurements and lead to the re-interpretation of the Sagnac effect normally treated as a time correction in GPS operation.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[4803] viXra:1305.0046 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-07 15:39:10
Authors: Alexander Bolonkin
Comments: 26 Pages.
This proposed design for a mini thermonuclear reactor uses a method based upon a series of important innovations. A cumulative explosion presses a capsule with nuclear fuel up to 100 thousands of atmospheres, the explosive electric generator heats the capsule/pellet up to 100 million degrees and a special capsule and a special cover which keeps these pressure and temperature in capsule up to 0.001 sec. which is sufficient for Lawson criteria for ignition of thermonuclear fuel. Major advantages of these reactors/bombs is its very low cost, dimension, weight and easy production, which does not require a complex industry. The mini thermonuclear bomb can be delivered as a shell by conventional gun (from 155 mm), small civil aircraft, boat or even by an individual. The same method may be used for thermonuclear engine for electric energy plants, ships, aircrafts, tracks and rockets.
Category: Classical Physics
[2133] viXra:1305.0126 [pdf] replaced on 2013-05-21 06:44:51
Authors: Yessica Saez, Laszlo B. Kish
Comments: 18 Pages. submitted for publication
A method to quantify the error probability at the Kirchhoff-law-Johnson-noise (KLJN) secure key exchange is introduced. The types of errors due to statistical inaccuracies in noise voltage measurements are classified and the error probability is calculated. The results are demonstrated with practical considerations.
Category: Data Structures and Algorithms
[2132] viXra:1305.0076 [pdf] replaced on 2013-05-21 16:10:16
Authors: Constantinos Ragazas
Comments: 12 Pages. Copyright © 2013 All Rights Reserved by the Author
Based on the facts on the ground and on ancient texts, I argue Göbekli Tepe is the site of The Hanging Gardens of Babylon. One of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Further, I explain why the current dates of 10,000BC for Göbekli Tepe are wrong. Rather, this construction probably dates to 600BC. At a time when Babylonian and Assyrian Civilizations are known to have had the capabilities and organization to have build such wonders.
Category: Archaeology
[2131] viXra:1305.0076 [pdf] replaced on 2013-05-18 17:06:40
Authors: Constantinos Ragazas
Comments: 12 Pages. Copyright © 2013 All Rights Reserved by the Author
Based on the facts on the ground and on ancient texts, I argue Göbekli Tepe is the site of The Hanging Gardens of Babylon. One of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Further, I explain why the current dates of 10,000BC for Göbekli Tepe are wrong. Rather, this construction probably dates to 600BC. At a time when Babylonian and Assyrian Civilizations are known to have had the capabilities and organization to have build such wonders.
Category: Archaeology
[2130] viXra:1305.0076 [pdf] replaced on 2013-05-14 10:38:17
Authors: Constantinos Ragazas
Comments: 12 Pages. Copyrights © 2013 All Rights Reserved by the Author
Based on the facts on the ground and on ancient texts, I argue Göbekli Tepe is the site of The Hanging Gardens of Babylon. One of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Further, I explain why the current dates of 10,000BC for Göbekli Tepe are wrong. Rather, this construction probably dates to 600BC. At a time when Babylonian and Assyrian Civilizations are known to have had the capabilities and organization to have built such wonders.
Category: Archaeology
[2129] viXra:1305.0072 [pdf] replaced on 2013-05-13 03:39:30
Authors: Richard Blaber
Comments: 5 Pages.
This paper sets out to refute the idea of a ‘quantum theory of gravity’ on the basis that the General Theory of Relativity accounts for gravity in terms of the curvature of space-time, rather than treating it as a force.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[2128] viXra:1305.0070 [pdf] replaced on 2013-05-17 23:18:48
Authors: Andrew Walcott Beckwith
Comments: 4 Pages. Stress energy tensor (Visser) will not even satisfy the first law of thermodynamics according to the Tolman criteria. Note that if the Visser Massive Graviton Stress energy tensor scenario does not hold then the Lavenda objection to inflation holds
The following questions is asked, If one takes the covariant derivative of a Stress-energy representation of early universe massive gravitons, is the derivative of the Graviton stress tensor equal to zero ? If so, then in what range of astrophysics does this occur, and when does this formalism break down? Lavenda and Davies argued that the derivative of a generalized GR stress energy tensor being zero in itself is insufficient to show that the 1st law of thermodynamics alone holds. If the full Stress-Energy tensor expression for GR is written out, there is a stress energy tensor component involving GW alone which we highlight. The problem as to this test is if the derivative of the Stress energy tensor, for gravitons as written by Visser is brought up. This Visser stress energy tensor for massive gravitons will not even satisfy the 1st thermodynamic law. We bring this up as a counter point to an article written by Lavenda and Davies purporting to claim that the Tolman test for a first law of thermodynamics which they generalize to first and second law of thermodynamics for inflationary cosmology. We show a breakdown of a zero value for the derivative of the Stress energy tensor for early universe massive gravitons and this derivative of the massive Graviton Stress energy tensor (Visser) will not even satisfy the first law of thermodynamics according to the Tolman criteria. Note that if the Visser Massive Graviton Stress energy tensor scenario does not hold then the Lavenda and Davies objection to inflation is upheld.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2127] viXra:1305.0070 [pdf] replaced on 2013-05-12 06:10:37
Authors: Andrew Walcott Beckwith
Comments: 5 Pages. fixed reference 2, and removed several serious typos in the document, i.e. confusion between Eq. 6 and Eq. 7 was fixed
The following questions is asked, If one takes the covariant derivative of a Stress-energy representation of
early universe massive gravitons, is the derivative of the Graviton stress tensor equal to zero ? If so, then in what range of
astrophysics does this occur, and when does this formalism break down? We bring this up as a counter point to an article
written by Lavenda and Davies purporting to claim that the Tolman test for a first law of thermodynamics which they
generalize to first and second law of thermodynamics for inflationary cosmology breaks down for early universe
gravitons and will not even satisfy the first law of thermodynamics according to the Tolman criteria
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2126] viXra:1305.0068 [pdf] replaced on 2013-05-21 04:40:40
Authors: Laszlo B. Kish, Chiman Kwan
Comments: 8 Pages. submitted for publication
Weak physical uncloneable function (WPUF) encryption key means that the manufacturer of the hardware can clone the key but anybody else is unable to so that. Strong physical uncloneable function (SPUF) encryption key means that even the manufacturer of the hardware is unable to clone the key. In this paper, first we introduce a "ultra"-strong PUF with intrinsic dynamical randomness, which is not only not cloneable but it also gets renewed to an independent key (with fresh randomness) during each use via the unconditionally secure key exchange. The solution utilizes the Kirchhoff-law-Johnson-noise (KLJN) method for dynamical key renewal and a one-time-pad secure key for the challenge/response process. The secure key is stored in a flash memory on the chip to provide tamper-resistance and non-volatile storage with zero power requirements in standby mode. Simplified PUF keys are shown: a strong PUF utilizing KLJN protocol during the first run and noise-based logic (NBL) hyperspace vector string verification method for the challenge/response during the rest of its life or until it is re-initialized. Finally, the simplest PUF utilizes NBL without KLJN thus it can be cloned by the manufacturer but not by anybody else.
Category: Data Structures and Algorithms
[2125] viXra:1305.0060 [pdf] replaced on 2013-05-14 06:19:48
Authors: Frank Dodd (Tony) Smith Jr.
Comments: 35 Pages.
Ancient Africa developed IFA divination with 256 Odu analagous to the Real Clifford Algebra Cl(8) and 16 Orishas analagous to the 8+8 Spinors of Cl(8) but in Africa IFA was transmitted by oral tradition and not written down. Humans emerging from Africa via the Arabian Sea settled in nearby India where ideas of IFA were written in the Sanskrit Rig Veda and encoded in Pachisi. By about 500 B.C. Pachisi evolved into Tarot. By about 1300 A.D. Tarot and some ideas of IFA were known in Mallorca where Ramon Llull used them to develop structures of the D4 and D8 Lie Algebras that lived in the IFA Clifford Algebra Cl(8) and its tensor square Cl(8)xCl(8) = Cl(16). Although Llull's work was preserved in writing in Mallorca, his ideas were rejected by the Intellectual Establishment of Paris and remained dormant for centuries. Around 1890 Killing and Cartan rediscovered Llull's Lie Algebras. Only in the 1900s did the work of Cartan as further developed mathematicaly by Jovet, Sauter, and Riesz and as applied by Dirac to physics show how a D8 half-Spinor could be added to D8 itself to get E8 Physics and to see how E8 Physics lives inside IFA Cl(8). It has taken until now (the 2000s) for the formal Written Human Culture to catch up with the informal Oral Ancient African Culture in understanding a realistic Unified Theory of the Laws of Nature. Table of Contents: Introduction ... page 2 African IFA to RigVeda-Pachisi ... page 3 RigVeda-Pachisi to Tarot ... page 7 Tarot to Llull ... page 11 Llull to Cartan-Dirac-Riesz-E8Physics ... page 21 Appendix1 - E6 to D4 ... page 22 Appendix2 - Some Details of E8 encoding in IFA ... page 26 Appendix3 - Comparison of Arabian Sea Africa-India connection with Nile River Africa-Egypt connection ... page 30 Appendix4 - Poster ... page 32 V2 adds illustrated cover page
Category: History and Philosophy of Physics
[2124] viXra:1305.0052 [pdf] replaced on 2013-05-15 22:21:50
Authors: Jin He, Xiaoli Yang
Comments: 8 Pages. 1 Figure. The authors are very old and are not experts in mathematics. Please help us humans to resolve the question.
Is the sum of rational structures also a rational structure? It is called the Creator's big question for humans. Numerical calculation suggests that it is approximately rational for the fitted parameter values of barred spiral galaxies. However, we need mathematical justification. The authors are very old and are not experts in mathematics. Please help us humans to resolve the question.
Category: Functions and Analysis