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1811 Submissions

[413] viXra:1811.0524 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-30 06:50:41

X-Ray Rheography

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 78 Pages.

Named X-ray rheography, or "writing flow", their approach gathers information using 3-point high-speed radiography, and then assembles this information by solving a Sudoku-style puzzle. [46] A KAIST team developed an optical technique to change the color (frequency) of light using a spatiotemporal boundary. [45] Researchers from the Structured Light group from the School of Physics at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa, have found a way to use the full beam of a laser single cells in a human body, tiny particles in small volume chemistry, or working on future on-chip devices. [44] This research work by the UEx, which has been published in Scientific Reports, explored the electromagnetic properties of specific materials that can make certain objects invisible when they are introduced into its interior. [43] A research team from ITMO University and the Australian National University has discovered that different metasurfaces exhibit the same behavior provided a symmetry breaking is introduced to their unit cells "meta-atoms."[42] Electron microscopy has allowed scientists to see individual atoms, but even at that resolution not everything is clear. [41]
Category: Condensed Matter

[412] viXra:1811.0523 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-30 08:27:11

The Solar Group is One Geometrical Structure

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 4 Pages.

The Solar Group is One Geometrical Structure 1st Hypothesis The Solar Group Is Created From One Energy 2nd Hypothesis The Solar Group Is One Geometrical Structure 3rd Hypothesis The Planet mass and orbital distance is created from the same energy (Theory of Matter Creation) 4th Hypothesis The solar group moves based on a physical law and not in chaos because of the human mind effect on the universe (the planet motion and human knowledge relationship) 5th Hypothesis Earth Moon is The Solar Group Energy Motion indicator The Conclusions 1-The Solar Planets motions trajectory is a pyramid 2-The planet motion trajectory is a square and not an ellipse 3-The energy concentration in the moon orbit aims to produce the sun rays where the sun rays are produced on the moon orbit energy
Category: Astrophysics

[411] viXra:1811.0522 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-30 08:41:32

Macroscopic Quantum Physics

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 68 Pages.

Researchers at Delft University of Technology and the University of Vienna have now devised a macroscopic system that exhibits entanglement between mechanical phonons and optical photons. [41] The experimental investigation of ultracold quantum matter makes it possible to study quantum mechanical phenomena that are otherwise inaccessible. [40] The molecular switch is the fruit of a collaboration of members from the Departments of Experimental and Theoretical Physics at the University of Würzburg: Dr. Jens Kügel, a postdoc at the Department of Experimental Physics II, devised and ran the experiments. [39] A new test to spot where the ability to exploit the power of quantum mechanics has evolved in nature has been developed by physicists at the University of Warwick. [38] A team led by Austrian experimental physicist Rainer Blatt has succeeded in characterizing the quantum entanglement of two spatially separated atoms by observing their light emission. [37] Researchers have demonstrated the first quantum light-emitting diode (LED) that emits single photons and entangled photon pairs with a wavelength of around 1550 nm, which lies within the standard telecommunications window. [36] JILA scientists have invented a new imaging technique that produces rapid, precise measurements of quantum behavior in an atomic clock in the form of near-instant visual art. [35] The unique platform, which is referred as a 4-D microscope, combines the sensitivity and high time-resolution of phase imaging with the specificity and high spatial resolution of fluorescence microscopy. [34] The experiment relied on a soliton frequency comb generated in a chip-based optical microresonator made from silicon nitride. [33] This scientific achievement toward more precise control and monitoring of light is highly interesting for miniaturizing optical devices for sensing and signal processing. [32]
Category: Quantum Physics

[410] viXra:1811.0521 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-30 09:16:00

Manipulate Molecular Magnetism

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 50 Pages.

Among the several possible applications of this research is its potential to become a new platform for the developing field of spintronics, devices that are based not just upon electronic charge but also electronic spin, the built-in property of an electron that makes it act as a tiny magnet. [31] McHenry's group, in collaboration with the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), NASA Glenn Research Center, and North Carolina State University, are designing a two and half kilowatt motor that weighs less than two and half kilograms. [30]
Category: Condensed Matter

[409] viXra:1811.0520 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-30 10:06:59

Thanks to the Y(4140) Tetraquark We Have A Signal That a Cosmophoton is Included in MCHE8S Theory to Permit Superfast Communication

Authors: George R. briggs
Comments: 1 Page.

Abstract: The Y(4140) tetraquark plus 40 MeV added energy = 4180 MeV = 4.180 GeV = signal by E8 Symmetry that the top quark/bottom quark ratio is of great importance in connection with the possibility of superfast communication
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[408] viXra:1811.0519 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-30 09:56:57

Cancer Therapy with Protons

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 51 Pages.

Medical physicist Dr. Aswin Hoffmann and his team from the Institute of Radiooncology—OncoRay at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) have combined magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a proton beam, thus demonstrating for the first time that in principle, this commonly used imaging method can work with particle beam cancer treatments. [32] Washington State University researchers for the first time have shown that they can use electrical fields to gain valuable information about the tiny, floating vesicles that move around in animals and plants and are critically important to many biological functions. [31] Finding a fast and inexpensive way to detect specific strains of bacteria and viruses is critical to food safety, water quality, environmental protection and human health. [30] In the perspective, Gabor and Song collect early examples in electron metamaterials and distil emerging design strategies for electronic control from them. [29] Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) researchers are working to make better electronic devices by delving into the way nanocrystals are arranged inside of them. [28]
Category: Physics of Biology

[407] viXra:1811.0518 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-30 10:12:57

Topological Dirac Magnons

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 51 Pages.

The discovery of the first 2D material that acts as a magnetic topological insulator in the absence of an external magnetic field has been claimed by physicists in South Korea and the US. [32] Among the several possible applications of this research is its potential to become a new platform for the developing field of spintronics, devices that are based not just upon electronic charge but also electronic spin, the built-in property of an electron that makes it act as a tiny magnet. [31] McHenry's group, in collaboration with the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), NASA Glenn Research Center, and North Carolina State University, are designing a two and half kilowatt motor that weighs less than two and half kilograms. [30] Single-molecule magnets (SMMs) have been attracting a lot of attention recently. This is because of the increased demand for faster, longer-lasting and lower-energy IT systems, and the need for higher data storage capacity. [29] Researchers have discovered that using an easily made combination of materials might be the way to offer a more stable environment for smaller and safer data storage, ultimately leading to miniature computers. [28] Employees of Kazan Federal University and Kazan Quantum Center of Kazan National Research Technical University demonstrated an original layout of a prototype of multiresonator broadband quantum-memory interface. [27] New nanoparticle-based films that are more than 80 times thinner than a human hair may help to fill this need by providing materials that can holographically archive more than 1000 times more data than a DVD in a 10-by-10-centimeter piece of film. [26] Researches of scientists from South Ural State University are implemented within this area. [25] Following three years of extensive research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HU) physicist Dr. Uriel Levy and his team have created technology that will enable computers and all optic communication devices to run 100 times faster through terahertz microchips. [24] When the energy efficiency of electronics poses a challenge, magnetic materials may have a solution. [23]
Category: Condensed Matter

[406] viXra:1811.0517 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-30 14:23:49

Discussions of the Weak ‘Force’ and More

Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 4 Pages.

the weak 'force' is discussed relative to other 'forces' we claim exist in our universe; a viable alternative is presented
Category: Quantum Physics

[405] viXra:1811.0516 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-30 17:47:33

Technische Anwendungen Zur Umwandlung Der Rotationsenergie Der Erde in Elektrische Energie in Theorie Und Praxis Teil 6

Authors: Robert Stach
Comments: 20 Pages.

Aufgezeigt werden Möglichkeiten zur Umwandlung der Rotationsenergie der Erde in elektrische Energie. Neben einem geschichtlichen Exkurs erfolgt die detaillierte Beschreibung der Anlagen. Es wird zudem aufgezeigt, wie sich die Winkelgeschwindigkeit der Präzessionsbewegung exakt berechnen lässt. Zum Schluss wird der Bezug zum Michelson- Experiment verdeutlicht, ebenso die sich daraus ergebenen Veränderungen für das 2. Postulat (Konstanz der Lichtgeschwindigkeit). Aufbauend auf den dargelegten physikalischen Gesetzmäßigkeiten erfolgt zum Ende des Manuskriptes die Einordnung der elektromagnetischen Strahlung in die bisherigen Theorien zur Dunklen Energie.
Category: Astrophysics

[404] viXra:1811.0515 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-30 18:43:40

Две задачи для физиков и астрофизиков (Two Tasks for Physicists and Astrophysicists)

Authors: Robert Yusupov
Comments: 4 Pages. In Russian. Robert Yusupov © Two Tasks for Physicists and Astrophysicists. DEC 1, 2018

В настоящей статье формулируются две задачи, которые предлагаются вниманию физиков и астрофизиков. В основе лежит авторская концепция мироустройства, изложенная в его «Теории Природы». ++++++++++++++ This article formulates two tasks that are presented to the attention of physicists and astrophysicists. It is based on the author’s conception of the world order set forth in his “Theory of Nature”.
Category: Classical Physics

[403] viXra:1811.0514 [pdf] replaced on 2019-08-02 06:05:49

How Michelson's 1881 Miscalculation of the Expected Fringe Shift Helped in the Demise of the Ether

Authors: Henok Tadesse
Comments: 6 Pages.

We will see how Michelson's original error in calculation of the expected fringe shift in the 1881 experiment and its subsequent correction by Potier and Lorentz led to hastening of the abandonment of the ether.In an effort to increase the sensitivity of the experiment, Michelson and Morley considerably increased the arm length of light in the 1887 experiment, and by doing so, they ended up in building an instrument that ruled out the ether even more decisively than the 1881 Michelson experiment. All their efforts to detect the ether unexpectedly played out against the ether, not in favor of it. The reason why the 1887 experiment was much less sensitive than the 1881 experiment, despite the fact that the 1887 experiment used a considerably longer arm length, has always remained a mystery that no one has ever viewed it as such.By continuously increasing the arm length in subsequent experiments, physicists unknowingly ended up in setting up and repeating experiments that were much less sensitive to absolute motion than the 1881 Michelson experiment.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[402] viXra:1811.0513 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-29 07:51:05

Light Using Spatiotemporal Boundary

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 77 Pages.

A KAIST team developed an optical technique to change the color (frequency) of light using a spatiotemporal boundary. [45] Researchers from the Structured Light group from the School of Physics at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa, have found a way to use the full beam of a laser single cells in a human body, tiny particles in small volume chemistry, or working on future on-chip devices. [44] This research work by the UEx, which has been published in Scientific Reports, explored the electromagnetic properties of specific materials that can make certain objects invisible when they are introduced into its interior. [43] A research team from ITMO University and the Australian National University has discovered that different metasurfaces exhibit the same behavior provided a symmetry breaking is introduced to their unit cells "meta-atoms."[42] Electron microscopy has allowed scientists to see individual atoms, but even at that resolution not everything is clear. [41]
Category: Quantum Physics

[401] viXra:1811.0511 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-29 09:52:03

Dipolar Quantum Matter

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 73 Pages.

Researchers at the Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information in Austria have succeeded in creating the first ever dipolar quantum mixture in which two Bose-Einstein condensates made of two different highly magnetic species coexist and interact with each other over a long range. [41] Harvard Assistant Professor of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Kang-Kuen Ni and colleagues have combined two atoms for the first time into what researchers call a dipolar molecule. [40]
Category: Quantum Physics

[400] viXra:1811.0509 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-29 10:17:41

Silicon Qubits for Quantum Computers

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 76 Pages.

A new two-qubit quantum processor that is fully programmable and single electron spins that can be coherently coupled to individual microwave-frequency photons are two of the latest advances in the world of solid-state spin-based quantum computing. [45]
Category: Quantum Physics

[399] viXra:1811.0508 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-29 11:19:52

Elastic Foam Uses Machine Learning

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 47 Pages.

Elastic foams that can detect deformities in their shape have been created by scientists in the US. The materials use a combination of optical fibres and machine learning techniques to measure deformations. [26] Today IBM Research is introducing IBM Crypto Anchor Verifier, a new technology that brings innovations in AI and optical imaging together to help prove the identity and authenticity of objects. [25] AI combined with stem cells promises a faster approach to disease prevention. Andrew Masterson reports. [24]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[398] viXra:1811.0507 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-29 12:00:52

Magnetic Materials of the Future

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 47 Pages.

McHenry's group, in collaboration with the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), NASA Glenn Research Center, and North Carolina State University, are designing a two and half kilowatt motor that weighs less than two and half kilograms. [30] Single-molecule magnets (SMMs) have been attracting a lot of attention recently. This is because of the increased demand for faster, longer-lasting and lower-energy IT systems, and the need for higher data storage capacity. [29] Researchers have discovered that using an easily made combination of materials might be the way to offer a more stable environment for smaller and safer data storage, ultimately leading to miniature computers. [28]
Category: Condensed Matter

[397] viXra:1811.0506 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-29 12:40:00

A New Representation of Basic Probability Assignment in Dempster-Shafer Theory

Authors: Ziyuan Luo, Yong Deng
Comments: 24 Pages.

Because of the superiority in dealing with uncertainty expression, Dempster-Shafer theory (D-S theory) is widely used in decision theory. In D-S theory, the basic probability assignment (BPA) is the basis and core. Recently, some researchers represent BPA on a Ndimension frame of discernment (FOD) as 2^N-dimension vector in Descartes coordinate system. However, the concept of orthogonality in this method is confused and inexplicable. A new representation method of BPA is proposed in this paper. The BPA on a N-dimension FOD is represented as Ndimension vector with parameters in this method. Then BPA is expressed as subset of N-dimension Cartesian space. The essence of this method is to convert BPA to probability distribution (PD) with parameters. Based on this method, problems in D-S theory can be solved, which include the fusion of BPAs, the distance between BPAs, the correspondence between BPA and probability, and the entropy of BPAs. This representation conforms to the definition of orthogonality, and can get satisfactory computing results.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[396] viXra:1811.0505 [pdf] replaced on 2018-12-26 15:10:47

Compressed Monte Carlo for Distributed Bayesian Inference

Authors: L. Martino, V. Elvira
Comments: 14 Pages.

Bayesian models have become very popular over the last years in several fields such as signal processing, statistics and machine learning. Bayesian inference needs the approximation of complicated integrals involving the posterior distribution. For this purpose, Monte Carlo (MC) methods, such as Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) and Importance Sampling (IS) algorithms, are often employed. In this work, we introduce theory and practice of a Compressed MC (C-MC) scheme, in order to compress the information contained in a could of samples. CMC is particularly useful in a distributed Bayesian inference framework, when cheap and fast communications with a central processor are required. In its basic version, C-MC is strictly related to the stratification technique, a well-known method used for variance reduction purposes. Deterministic C-MC schemes are also presented, which provide very good performance. The compression problem is strictly related to moment matching approach applied in different filtering methods, often known as Gaussian quadrature rules or sigma-point methods. The connections to herding algorithms and quasi-Monte Carlo perspective are also discussed. Numerical results confirm the benefit of the introduced schemes, outperforming the corresponding benchmark methods.
Category: Statistics

[395] viXra:1811.0504 [pdf] replaced on 2019-06-01 09:51:27

A Simple Field-Theoretical Treatment of the Magnetodynamic Nature of Mass for Baryons.

Authors: Osvaldo F. Schilling
Comments: The analysis on pages 3 and 4 has been improved.

Baryons are considered as dressed protons, resulting from perturbations of magnetodynamic origin built upon a background sea of excitations at about 3.7 GeV. In order to simulate perturbations from such a state a sum over the energy spectrum of excitations is necessary. A Zeta-function regularization procedure previously adopted for the Casimir Effect is applied to eliminate divergencies when the sum upon the energy spectrum states is carried out. States of negative energy compared to the background state are obtained and represent the baryons. The periodic behavior of the baryons masses with confined magnetic flux is reproduced with no further forms of energies required besides the magnetodynamic terms.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[394] viXra:1811.0503 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-29 17:48:12

Classify Positive Integers to Prove Collatz Conjecture by the Mathematical Induction

Authors: Zhang Tianshu
Comments: 18 Pages.

In this article, the author uses the mathematical induction, classifies positive integers gradually, and passes necessary operations by the operational rule to achieve finally the purpose proving Collatz conjecture.
Category: Number Theory

[393] viXra:1811.0502 [pdf] replaced on 2018-12-02 08:34:19

Stochastic Space-Time and Quantum Theory: Part a

Authors: Carlton Frederick
Comments: 11 Pages.

Abstract Much of quantum mechanics may be derived if one adopts a very strong form of Mach's Principle, requiring that in the absence of mass, space-time becomes not flat but stochastic. This is manifested in the metric tensor which is considered to be a collection of stochastic variables. The stochastic metric assumption is sufficient to generate the spread of the wave packet in empty space. If one further notes that all observations of dynamical variables in the laboratory frame are contravariant components of tensors, and if one assumes that a Lagrangian can be constructed, then one can derive the uncertainty principle. Finally, the superposition of stochastic metrics and the identification of the square root of minus the determinant of the metric tensor as the indicator of relative probability yields the phenomenon of interference, as will be described for the two-slit experiment.
Category: Quantum Physics

[392] viXra:1811.0499 [pdf] replaced on 2019-10-13 01:20:38

The Greenhouse Gases and Infrared Radiation Misconceived by Thermoelectric Transducers

Authors: Blair D Macdonald
Comments: 83 Pages.

Greenhouse theory has at its foundation a special group of trace gases and molecules. Together these gases are claimed to be the only ones that absorb infrared radiation. The assumption that the remaining gases, nitrogen and oxygen, do not absorb or emit infrared radiation presents a paradox; it contradicts both quantum mechanics and the laws of thermodynamics which prescribes that all matter above absolute zero degrees Kelvin radiates infrared photons. In this study, the role of thermoelectric detectors as used to determine the ‘infrared atmosphere’ was investigated. This study hypothesises that current greenhouse theory has misinterpreted the significance of those special greenhouse gases (CO2 etc.) since they and their spectral ‘modes’ are detected only by thermoelectric transducers: that they are the thermoelectric gases. It was concluded that the special (1%) greenhouse gases, discovered by Tyndall in ca. 1859, are really only those detected by thermo-electric transducers. ‘IR’ spectroscopy is also based on these thermoelectric transducers, and as a consequence, ‘IR’ spectrographs show only the spectral modes with electric dipoles and not Raman modes. All current Blackbody radiation theory is determined from thermoelectric measurements alone and requires revision in light of complementary modern Raman laser Spectroscopy measurements. From this thermoelectric understanding in conjunction with modern Raman Spectroscopy, it was concluded that current greenhouse theory is incomplete and misconceived. All of the atmosphere radiates IR radiation in compliance with the said laws. The only thing separating the gases are the instruments detecting them.
Category: Climate Research

[391] viXra:1811.0498 [pdf] replaced on 2020-01-25 13:54:51

Quantum Mechanics and Raman Spectroscopy Refute Greenhouse Theory

Authors: Blair D. Macdonald
Comments: Pages.

Greenhouse theory (and radiation theory as a whole) presents a paradox and contradicts both quantum mechanics and thermodynamics. Its premise claims molecular nitrogen and oxygen (99 percent of the dry atmosphere) do not transfer (emit or absorb infrared) radiation at any temperature; however, all matter above absolute zero Kelvin radiates IR photons, and ‘air’ is a very poor thermal conductor of heat (0.0262 W/(m K)) – so how does it transfer heat? It was hypothesised these gases do radiate IR photons at their quantum mechanics predicted spectra at 2338cm-1 and 1556cm-1 respectively, and these predicted spectra are observed by (thermoelectric based) IR spectroscopy’s complement instrument, the Raman Spectrometer. It was found the nitrogen and oxygen do possess quantum predicted emission spectra both within the IR range of the EMS, and these are only observed – and their respective temperatures and concentrations accurately measured – by Raman laser Spectrometers. It was concluded: using thermoelectric (IR) instruments alone without the complement Raman constitutes a systematic error and that greenhouse theory is misconceived. Raman spectrometers make IR spectroscopy redundant: they measure, more accurately the Keeling curve, and have application with meteorological Lidars and planetary atmospheric analysis. By the equipartition principle, all spectra are equal through the Boltzmann Constant. The N2-CO2 Laser showed – contrary to current greenhouse theory – N2 absorbs electrons and/or (IR) photons at its said– metastable ‘long-lasting’ – spectra mode. It was argued atmospheric CO2 is heated by the same mechanism as the N2-CO2 laser, as by physical law. N2 and the entire atmosphere absorbs IR radiation directly from the Sun and other matter. With these findings, greenhouse theory as it stands is misconceived – all gases absorb and emit IR radiation at their said QM predicted spectra – and demands review.
Category: Climate Research

[390] viXra:1811.0497 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-30 05:17:37

The Big Bang and its Internal Logic: The Universe As Relative Zero

Authors: Milan D. Nešić
Comments: 19 Pages. According also to the book: Milan D. Nesic: WAS GIORDANO BRUNO BURNED IN VAIN? (2018, Belgrade, ISBN 978-86-900622-0-1

It's about philosophy of cosmology, based finally on the right understanding of the postulate c=const as the inertia of the whole universe. Not even all the photons of the same frequency from the same light source are the same; each of them will be such, so that it arrives to its receiver with the c=const speed, what is possible precisely because of Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. That's why the Big Bang as the start of cosmos and the world in general is an illusion, though an objective one. Only with comprehensive inertia and relativity without mass limitations can one begin to understand how come the World exists. Not how it came to be, but how it has existed since forever and how it exists always and again. Inertia: not so related to the material world which the man can specifically ascertain with how ever perspicacious an experiment, but inertia without anything concrete, logically most abstract: if something is already something, whatever it is, even an uncertain possibility, why would it be different, it has no reason, whilst if it is nothing, why would it be something, it remains nothing. Relativity: not the homocentrically insufficient one from the theory of relativity, but an all-encompassing relativity, which must refer to itself as well precisely because it is infinite, it must make itself relative, i.e. it cannot avoid exploding into its otherness, into universal symmetry, by which nothing is possible only in symmetry with something. Absolute nothing is only possible with absolute everything, again only relativity. And all together still the same, inertia: indefinite duration of omnipotence in symmetrical balance with its nothing-cause in itself, without start and without end – like the universe from the title. The paper specifically shows how this logic fits into scientific achievements related to the hypothesis of the Big Bang and which new explanations follow that.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[389] viXra:1811.0496 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-28 06:20:10

Dieudonné-Type Theorems for Lattice Group-Valued K-Triangular Set Functions

Authors: Antonio Boccuto, Xenofon Dimitriou
Comments: 19 Pages.

Some versions of Dieudonne-type convergence and uniform boundedness theorems are proved, for k-triangular and regular lattice group-valued set functions. We use sliding hump techniques and direct methods. We extend earlier results, proved in the real case.
Category: Functions and Analysis

[388] viXra:1811.0495 [pdf] replaced on 2018-11-29 13:42:14

The Hawking Temperature Intensive Crisis and a Possible Solution that Leads to an Intensive Schwarzschild Radius Temperature

Authors: Espen Gaarder Haug
Comments: 6 Pages.

Crothers and Robitaille have recently pointed out that the Hawking temperature and the Unruh temperature are not intensive and how this is inconsistent with thermodynamics, which suggests that the theory around the temperature of black holes is flawed, incomplete, or at least not fully understood. Here we offer a modified Newtonian type acceleration field linked to the Planck scale that leads to a new modified intensive Schwarzschild surface temperature for so-called black holes.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[387] viXra:1811.0493 [pdf] replaced on 2020-03-24 12:25:55

Molecules Can Explain the Expansion of the Universe

Authors: Karan R.Takkhi
Comments: 23 pages, 10 figures, 8 tables (Presented at the 26th Raman Memorial Conference held at Department of Physics, Pune University on 14th February, 2020)

The Hubble diagram continues to remain one of the most important graphical representations in the realm of astronomy and cosmology right from its genesis that depicts the velocity-distance relation for the receding large-scale structures within the Universe; it is the diagram that helps us to understand the Universe’s expansion. In this paper I introduce the molecular expansion model in order to explain the expansion of the Universe. The molecular expansion model considers the large-scale structures as gas molecules undergoing free expansion into the vacuum. Large-scale structures being ensemble of atoms must behave like molecules possessing finite amount of energy. Since metric expansion of space cannot be tested practically and can only be observed indirectly due to the presence of observable entities, therefore, instead of considering the metaphysics of expanding space, the paper emphasizes upon the actual recession of large-scale structures as the most natural reason to explain the observed expansion. I show in this paper that the linear velocity-distance relation or the Hubble diagram is actually a natural and a characteristic feature of different gas molecules undergoing free expansion into the vacuum at the same time. Different gas molecules naturally have different velocities, and, molecules being natural entities provide a natural and a scientifically-viable explanation better than metaphysics. The study conducted in this paper finds the recessional behaviour of large-scale structures to be consistent with the recessional behaviour of molecules. The free expansion of different gas molecules into the vacuum of the Universe is found to be homogeneous, isotropic and in agreement with the Copernican principle. Redshift-distance relationship has been plotted for 580 type Ia supernovae from the Supernova Cosmology Project, 7 additional high redshift type Ia supernovae discovered through the Advanced Camera for Surveys on the Hubble Space Telescope from the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey Treasury program, and 1 additional very high redshift type Ia supernova discovered with Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 on the Hubble Space Telescope. Redshift-distance relationship for these 588 type Ia supernovae has been analysed and the reason for the deviation of the Hubble diagram from linearity at high redshifts has been explained without acceleration by introducing the concept of differential molecular expansion.
Category: Astrophysics

[386] viXra:1811.0490 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-28 09:14:43

Completely Secure Quantum Communication Network

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 70 Pages.

Researchers at the Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, have recently succeeded in boosting the storage time of quantum information, using a small glass container filled with room temperature atoms, taking an important step towards a secure quantum encoded distribution network. [42] New work by a team at the University of Bristol's Centre for Quantum Photonics has uncovered fundamental limits on the quantum operations which can be carried out with postselection. [41] The experimental investigation of ultracold quantum matter makes it possible to study quantum mechanical phenomena that are otherwise inaccessible. [40] The molecular switch is the fruit of a collaboration of members from the Departments of Experimental and Theoretical Physics at the University of Würzburg: Dr. Jens Kügel, a postdoc at the Department of Experimental Physics II, devised and ran the experiments. [39] A new test to spot where the ability to exploit the power of quantum mechanics has evolved in nature has been developed by physicists at the University of Warwick. [38] A team led by Austrian experimental physicist Rainer Blatt has succeeded in characterizing the quantum entanglement of two spatially separated atoms by observing their light emission. [37] Researchers have demonstrated the first quantum light-emitting diode (LED) that emits single photons and entangled photon pairs with a wavelength of around 1550 nm, which lies within the standard telecommunications window. [36] JILA scientists have invented a new imaging technique that produces rapid, precise measurements of quantum behavior in an atomic clock in the form of near-instant visual art. [35] The unique platform, which is referred as a 4-D microscope, combines the sensitivity and high time-resolution of phase imaging with the specificity and high spatial resolution of fluorescence microscopy. [34] The experiment relied on a soliton frequency comb generated in a chip-based optical microresonator made from silicon nitride. [33]
Category: Quantum Physics

[385] viXra:1811.0488 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-28 09:24:36

Postselectability of Optical Graph

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 68 Pages.

New work by a team at the University of Bristol's Centre for Quantum Photonics has uncovered fundamental limits on the quantum operations which can be carried out with postselection. [41] The experimental investigation of ultracold quantum matter makes it possible to study quantum mechanical phenomena that are otherwise inaccessible. [40] The molecular switch is the fruit of a collaboration of members from the Departments of Experimental and Theoretical Physics at the University of Würzburg: Dr. Jens Kügel, a postdoc at the Department of Experimental Physics II, devised and ran the experiments. [39]
Category: Quantum Physics

[384] viXra:1811.0487 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-28 09:30:47

Dirac and Majorana Field Operators with Self/Anti-Self Charge Conjugate States

Authors: Valeriy V. Dvoeglazov
Comments: 4 Pages. The talk at the IWARA2018, Sacred Valley, Peru, Sept. 8-15, 2018. To be published in "Astron.Nachr.".

We discuss relations between Dirac and Majorana-like field operators with self/anti-self charge conjugate states. The connections with recent models of several authors have been found.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[383] viXra:1811.0486 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-28 10:03:03

Computing Faces an Energy Crunch

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 72 Pages.

There's little doubt the information technology revolution has improved our lives. But unless we find a new form of electronic technology that uses less energy, computing will become limited by an "energy crunch" within decades. [43] Researchers at the Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, have recently succeeded in boosting the storage time of quantum information, using a small glass container filled with room temperature atoms, taking an important step towards a secure quantum encoded distribution network. [42] New work by a team at the University of Bristol's Centre for Quantum Photonics has uncovered fundamental limits on the quantum operations which can be carried out with postselection. [41] The experimental investigation of ultracold quantum matter makes it possible to study quantum mechanical phenomena that are otherwise inaccessible. [40] The molecular switch is the fruit of a collaboration of members from the Departments of Experimental and Theoretical Physics at the University of Würzburg: Dr. Jens Kügel, a postdoc at the Department of Experimental Physics II, devised and ran the experiments. [39] A new test to spot where the ability to exploit the power of quantum mechanics has evolved in nature has been developed by physicists at the University of Warwick. [38] A team led by Austrian experimental physicist Rainer Blatt has succeeded in characterizing the quantum entanglement of two spatially separated atoms by observing their light emission. [37] Researchers have demonstrated the first quantum light-emitting diode (LED) that emits single photons and entangled photon pairs with a wavelength of around 1550 nm, which lies within the standard telecommunications window. [36] JILA scientists have invented a new imaging technique that produces rapid, precise measurements of quantum behavior in an atomic clock in the form of near-instant visual art. [35] The unique platform, which is referred as a 4-D microscope, combines the sensitivity and high time-resolution of phase imaging with the specificity and high spatial resolution of fluorescence microscopy. [34]
Category: Digital Signal Processing

[382] viXra:1811.0485 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-28 10:27:29

Broadening Possibilities in Science

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 73 Pages.

Scientists at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have now developed a highly efficient converter that enlarges the diameter of a light beam by 400 times. [44] There's little doubt the information technology revolution has improved our lives. But unless we find a new form of electronic technology that uses less energy, computing will become limited by an "energy crunch" within decades. [43] Researchers at the Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, have recently succeeded in boosting the storage time of quantum information, using a small glass container filled with room temperature atoms, taking an important step towards a secure quantum encoded distribution network. [42] New work by a team at the University of Bristol's Centre for Quantum Photonics has uncovered fundamental limits on the quantum operations which can be carried out with postselection. [41] The experimental investigation of ultracold quantum matter makes it possible to study quantum mechanical phenomena that are otherwise inaccessible. [40] The molecular switch is the fruit of a collaboration of members from the Departments of Experimental and Theoretical Physics at the University of Würzburg: Dr. Jens Kügel, a postdoc at the Department of Experimental Physics II, devised and ran the experiments. [39] A new test to spot where the ability to exploit the power of quantum mechanics has evolved in nature has been developed by physicists at the University of Warwick. [38] A team led by Austrian experimental physicist Rainer Blatt has succeeded in characterizing the quantum entanglement of two spatially separated atoms by observing their light emission. [37] Researchers have demonstrated the first quantum light-emitting diode (LED) that emits single photons and entangled photon pairs with a wavelength of around 1550 nm, which lies within the standard telecommunications window. [36] JILA scientists have invented a new imaging technique that produces rapid, precise measurements of quantum behavior in an atomic clock in the form of near-instant visual art. [35]
Category: Quantum Physics

[381] viXra:1811.0484 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-28 10:47:18

Superheavy Elements

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 43 Pages.

A team led by nuclear physicists at the Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) has reported the first direct measurements of the mass numbers for the nuclei of two superheavy elements: moscovium, which is element 115, and nihonium, element 113. [29] An unprecedented combination of experimental nuclear physics and theoretical and computational modelling techniques has been brought together to reveal the full extent of the odd-even shape staggering of exotic mercury isotopes, and explain how it happens. [28]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[380] viXra:1811.0483 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-28 11:07:52

Why Atlantis Was not Just Another Island

Authors: Leon Elshout
Comments: 1 Page.

Divers looking for Atlantis are looking too simply for an island that had disappeared into the sea. But Atlantis was not simply an island. It was an internally contradictory and divided island. By, Leon Elshout, 28 november 2018, Netherlands. Book: roodgoudvanparvaim.nl (aurichalcum2018 (at) protonmail.com)
Category: Religion and Spiritualism

[379] viXra:1811.0479 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-28 12:56:27

Nuclear Decay Configuration

Authors: Deep Jyoti Dutta
Comments: 5 Pages. Plate II Section in the article is wrongly published. The main aim is to predict new pentaquark particle with specific quark composition in plate I

Nuclear physics and high energy physics experiments led to very highly precise results effectively confirming the theoretical base of the subject. The present paper proposes a theoretical justification of nuclear decay and therefore predicts a kind of weird particles. This paper essentially deals with theoretical analysis and predicts a new particle of proton decay in excited nucleus.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[378] viXra:1811.0478 [pdf] replaced on 2019-02-16 22:46:40

Dirac's Large Number Hypothesis

Authors: Michael John Sarnowski
Comments: 3 Pages.

This paper is the start of showing that the Dirac large number hypothesis is missing a certain a missing dimensionless number and this dimensionless number converts to describing a neutron like particle that builds the universe. In earlier papers by Michael John Sarnowski it is called the Planck Sphere. The Dirac large numbers hypothesis (LNH) is an observation made by Paul Dirac in 1937 relating ratios of size scales in the Universe to that of force scales. The ratios constitute very large, dimensionless numbers: some 40 orders of magnitude in the present cosmological epoch. According to Dirac's hypothesis, the apparent similarity of these ratios might not be a mere coincidence but instead could imply a cosmology with these unusual features:[1] In this paper we show the start of the Large Numbers Hypothesis, but we find that the numbers that have been used aren’t quite correct, and if the correct number is used we can find what the Planck units are really referring to.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[377] viXra:1811.0477 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-28 18:08:04

Kaluza Klein Treatment of a Graviton and Deceleration Parameter Q(Z) as an Alternative to Standard DE and Its Possible Link to Standard DE Equation of State as Given by Li, Li, Wang and Wang, in 2017, as Given in Reference [15] Below.

Authors: Andrew Beckwith
Comments: 8 Pages.

Abstract.First of all, we will reiterate a mechanism for relic early universe gravitons. This is the precursor of the main result of this paper and involves the decay of micro black holes, with relic graviton production. . For the 2nd part of graviton physics, we invoke re acceleration of the universe The case for a four-dimensional graviton mass (non-zero) influencing reacceleration of the universe in five dimensions is stated, with particular emphasis on whether five-dimensional geometries as given below give us new physical insights as to cosmological evolution . The final question is, can DM/DE be explained by a Kaluza Klein particle construction? I.e., the author presents a Kaluza Klein particle representation of a graviton mass with the first term to the right equal to a DM contribution and with the 2nd term to the right being effective DE. This is the 2nd era of DE production. Finally we in the third part invoke the methodology of a modification of 1/r potentials, and the re acceleration of the universe as a bridge between the first and second parts of this document, in terms of the physics of DE and gravitons.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[376] viXra:1811.0475 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-28 19:43:11

Electrochemical Calorimetric Experiments using Palladium-Boron Cathodes

Authors: Melvin H. Miles
Comments: Pages. Research by U.S. Navy laboratories led to Pd-B materials that produce the Fleischmann-Pons excess power effect in nearly every experiment. Email: mhmiles1937@gmail.com

Palladium-Boron (Pd-B) cathodes prepared at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory have produced electrochemical excess power effects using D2O+ LiOD electrolytes in nearly every experiments conducted at four different laboratories and using four different types of calorimeters. The one failure was due to a structural defect in the Pd-B cathodes. An unusual result is the early appearance of the excess power effect for Pd-B cathodes. Two other research groups have also found excess power effects using these Navy Pd-B cathodes. Possible important factors for Pd-B electrodes are the removal of oxygen by the boron during processing, the increased mechanical strength versus pure palladium, less volumetric expansion of these electrodes during loading with deuterium, and the much slower escape of deuterium from this cathode. The history of this research by the U.S. Navy laboratories for these Pd-B materials and the resulting government reports are presented.
Category: Chemistry

[375] viXra:1811.0474 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-28 20:27:03

Higgs in the Standard Model and More

Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 7 Pages.

the history of the Higgs taken from Wikipedia launches a detailed analysis of the etiology of the concept as part of the Standard Model, the circular logic of the weak 'force', and steps toward remediation
Category: Quantum Physics

[374] viXra:1811.0473 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-28 21:10:35

A Study of Hentenna : Analysis, Simulation, Construction and Antenna Pattern Measurements

Authors: E.A. Babli, N.I. Yannopoulou, P.E. Zimourtopoulos
Comments: 29 Pages.

The radiation characteristics of Hentenna is the objective of this paper. Furthermore, the analytical study of antenna pattern, as well as, the simulation results for both electric and electromagnetic characteristics (Input Impedance, Standing Wave Ratio SWR, Antenna Pattern and Directivity) are presented. A thorough research using 465 simulation models, in which the Hentenna's total dimension and the position of its feeding segment are the variables, proves that Hentenna is an extremely narrow band antenna. Thus, the investigation was directed not only to SWR minimalization, in terms of three most commonly used transmission lines of characteristic impedance 50-75-300 [Ω], but also to operating bandwidth improvement under an almost invariable antenna pattern. Four experimental Hentenna models were finally selected and constructed. Their antenna patterns were measured in an anechoic chamber and the measurements were found to be in good agreement with the analytical and simulated results.
Category: Classical Physics

[373] viXra:1811.0471 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-29 00:56:11

A Proof of Infinite Primes

Authors: Divyendu Priyadarshi
Comments: 1 Page.

In this small paper , I have given a simple proof of already well established fact that there are infinitely many prime numbers.
Category: Number Theory

[372] viXra:1811.0470 [pdf] replaced on 2018-11-29 20:54:20

EMR Wave-Particle Duality and Atomic Structure

Authors: David Johnson
Comments: This 51 page paper presents a wave-particle model for EMR different to that an earlier paper 'The Butterfly Effect and the Electron'

In 1905 Albert Einstein provided an explanation of the photoelectric effect by postulating the existence of "light quanta" (later called photons) to explain the photoelectric effect which the wave theory of light of that time was incapable of explaining: this sparked the particle versus wave debate because the particle approach cannot adequately explain interference, diffraction and polarisation and the wave approach cannot explain the photoelectric effect. The De Broglie hypothesis, which attributed wave-like nature to matter, was confirmed experimentally for the electron, and wave-particle duality was formalised by Schrödinger's equation, and extended by Dirac’s equations, to form a theoretical foundation for Quantum Mechanics. Although the use of the wave-particle duality has been widely accepted, the meaning or physical interpretation has not been satisfactorily resolved. In this paper however, electrons, positrons and preons are considered to have a toroidal solenoid structure, whereas photons are considered to have a helical solenoid structure (these solenoidal models are similar to those proposed by Oliver Consa in 2018 for non-static electrons and preons). The proposed solenoidal structure of photons, electrons, positrons and preons provides them with wave-like and particle characteristics supportive of wave-particle duality. Quarks are considered to be built from preons, and nucleons from up and down quarks. The model for atomic structure developed using these fundamental and derived sub-atomic particles is considerably different to the orbital nuclear model based upon the monopole electrons and protons. It provides a strong correlation between the atomic structure of the elements within the Periodic Table and their physical and chemical characteristics, which is something the orbital nuclear model fails to do. The model also provides a feasible explanation of different allotropic forms of elements and their various bonding geometries, beta decay, electron capture, electron-positron annihilation and the ionization process during plasma formation. Peripheral issues such as electricity and Gravity are covered in the appendices to reduce distractions within the body of the paper.
Category: Classical Physics

[371] viXra:1811.0469 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-27 08:27:27

Ultracold Quantum Matter

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 65 Pages.

The experimental investigation of ultracold quantum matter makes it possible to study quantum mechanical phenomena that are otherwise inaccessible. [40] The molecular switch is the fruit of a collaboration of members from the Departments of Experimental and Theoretical Physics at the University of Würzburg: Dr. Jens Kügel, a postdoc at the Department of Experimental Physics II, devised and ran the experiments. [39] A new test to spot where the ability to exploit the power of quantum mechanics has evolved in nature has been developed by physicists at the University of Warwick. [38] A team led by Austrian experimental physicist Rainer Blatt has succeeded in characterizing the quantum entanglement of two spatially separated atoms by observing their light emission. [37] Researchers have demonstrated the first quantum light-emitting diode (LED) that emits single photons and entangled photon pairs with a wavelength of around 1550 nm, which lies within the standard telecommunications window. [36] JILA scientists have invented a new imaging technique that produces rapid, precise measurements of quantum behavior in an atomic clock in the form of near-instant visual art. [35] The unique platform, which is referred as a 4-D microscope, combines the sensitivity and high time-resolution of phase imaging with the specificity and high spatial resolution of fluorescence microscopy. [34] The experiment relied on a soliton frequency comb generated in a chip-based optical microresonator made from silicon nitride. [33] This scientific achievement toward more precise control and monitoring of light is highly interesting for miniaturizing optical devices for sensing and signal processing. [32] It may seem like such optical behavior would require bending the rules of physics, but in fact, scientists at MIT, Harvard University, and elsewhere have now demonstrated that photons can indeed be made to interact-an accomplishment that could open a path toward using photons in quantum computing, if not in light sabers. [31] Optical highways for light are at the heart of modern communications. But when it comes to guiding individual blips of light called photons, reliable transit is far less common. [30]
Category: Quantum Physics

[370] viXra:1811.0468 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-27 08:42:56

New Medical Epistemology

Authors: Stephen I. Ternyik
Comments: 8 Pages.

Three points of medical observation.
Category: Mind Science

[369] viXra:1811.0466 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-27 09:00:38

Compact, Sensitive Qubit Readout

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 52 Pages.

Professor Michelle Simmons' team at UNSW Sydney has demonstrated a compact sensor for accessing information stored in the electrons of individual atoms—a breakthrough that brings us one step closer to scalable quantum computing in silicon. [37] Using micromagnetic simulation, scientists have found the magnetic parameters and operating modes for the experimental implementation of a fast racetrack memory module that runs on spin current, carrying information via skyrmionium, which can store more data and read it out faster. [36]
Category: Quantum Physics

[368] viXra:1811.0465 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-27 09:35:26

New Technique Make Objects Invisible

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 73 Pages.

This research work by the UEx, which has been published in Scientific Reports, explored the electromagnetic properties of specific materials that can make certain objects invisible when they are introduced into its interior. [43] A research team from ITMO University and the Australian National University has discovered that different metasurfaces exhibit the same behavior provided a symmetry breaking is introduced to their unit cells "meta-atoms."[42] Electron microscopy has allowed scientists to see individual atoms, but even at that resolution not everything is clear. [41] A half-century ago, the theorist Walter Henneberger wondered if it were possible to use a laser field to free an electron from its atom without removing it from the nucleus. [40] A new study by researchers at the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST) may explain this disparity. In the work, the OIST researchers measured electrical current across a two-dimensional plane. [39] Femtosecond lasers are capable of processing any solid material with high quality and high precision using their ultrafast and ultra-intense characteristics. [38] To create the flying microlaser, the researchers launched laser light into a water-filled hollow core fiber to optically trap the microparticle. Like the materials used to make traditional lasers, the microparticle incorporates a gain medium. [37] Lasers that emit ultrashort pulses of light are critical components of technologies, including communications and industrial processing, and have been central to fundamental Nobel Prize-winning research in physics. [36] A newly developed laser technology has enabled physicists in the Laboratory for Attosecond Physics (jointly run by LMU Munich and the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics) to generate attosecond bursts of high-energy photons of unprecedented intensity. [35] The unique platform, which is referred as a 4-D microscope, combines the sensitivity and high time-resolution of phase imaging with the specificity and high spatial resolution of fluorescence microscopy. [34] The experiment relied on a soliton frequency comb generated in a chip-based optical microresonator made from silicon nitride. [33]
Category: Quantum Physics

[367] viXra:1811.0464 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-27 09:49:55

Spectroscopy and Dipole Moment of the Molecule C13h20beli2sesi Via Quantum Chemistry Using Ab Initio, Hartree-Fock Method in the Base Set CC-PVTZ and 6-311G** (3df, 3pd)

Authors: Ricardo Gobato, Marcia Regina Risso Gobato, Alireza Heidari, Abhijit Mitra
Comments: 9 Pages. Ricardo Gobato, Marcia Regina Risso Gobato, Alireza Heidari, Abhijit Mitra. Spectroscopy and Dipole Moment of the Molecule C13H20BeLi2SeSi Via Quantum Chemistry Using Ab initio, Hartree-Fock Method in the Base Set CC-pVTZ and 6-311G*

The work characterizes the electric dipole moment and the infrared spectrum of the molecule C13H20BeLi2SeSi. Calculations obtained in the ab initio RHF (Restrict Hartree-Fock) method, on the set of basis used indicate that the simulated molecule C13H20BeLi2SeSi features the structure polar-apolar-polar predominant. The set of basis used that have are CC-pVTZ and 6-311G** (3df, 3pd). In the CC-pVTZ base set, the charge density in relation to 6-311G** (3df, 3pd) is 50% lower. The length of the molecule C13H20BeLi2SeSi is of 15.799Å. The magnitude of the electric dipole moment |p| total obtained was p = 4.9771 Debye and p = 4.7936 Debye, perpendicular to the main axis of the molecule, for sets basis CC-pVTZ and 6-311**(3df,3pd), respectively. The infrared spectra for absorbance and transmittance and their wavenumber (cm-1) were obtained in the set of bases used. The infrared spectrum for Standard CC-pVTZ shows peaks in transmittance with Intensity (I), at wavenumber 1,125.44 cm-1, 1,940.70 cm-1, 2,094.82 cm-1, 2,178.43 cm-1, 2,613.99 cm-1 and transmittance 433.399 km/mol, 399.425 km/mol, 361.825 km/mol, 378.993 km/mol, 433.774 km/mol, respectively. While the infrared spectrum for Standard 6-311G**(3df, 3pd), shows peaks in transmittance, at wavelengths 1,114.83 cm-1, 1,936.81 cm-1, 2,081.49 cm-1, 2,163.23 cm-1, 2,595.24 cm-1 and transmittance 434.556 km/mol, 394.430 km/mol, 345.287 km/mol, 375.381 km/mol, 409.232 km/mol, respectively. It presents “fingerprint” between the intervals (680 cm-1 and 1,500 cm-1) and (3,250 cm-1 and 3,500 cm-1). The dipole moments CC-pTZV are 3.69% bigger than 6-311G** (3df, 3pd). As the bio-inorganic molecule C13H20BeLi2SeSi is the basis for a new creation of a bio-membrane, later calculations that challenge the current concepts of biomembrane should advance to such a purpose.
Category: Condensed Matter

[366] viXra:1811.0463 [pdf] replaced on 2018-12-02 08:39:05

Stochastic Space-Time and Quantum Theory: Part C: Five-Dimensional Space-Time

Authors: Carlton Frederick
Comments: 12 Pages.

This is a continuation of Parts A and B which describe a stochastic, granular space-time model. In this, Part C, in order to tessellate the space-time manifold, it was necessary to introduce a fifth dimension which is 'rolled up' at the Planck scale. The dimension is associated with mass and energy (in a non-trivial way). Further, it addresses other problems in the granular space-time model.
Category: Quantum Physics

[365] viXra:1811.0462 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-27 09:54:14

Clarification of “Overall Relativistic Energy” According to Yarman’s Approach.

Authors: Ozan Yarman, Metin Arik, Ricardo Gobato, Tolga Yarman
Comments: 10 Pages. https://sites.google.com/site/pjsciencea/issue-current , Ozan Yarman, Metin Arik, Ricardo Gobato, Tolga Yarman. Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.4, n.8, (1-10), November 5, 2018.

In this essay, we will attempt to clarify the concept of “overall relativistic energy” according to Yarman’s Approach; which happens to be the underlying framework of Yarman-Arik-Kholmetskii (YARK) gravitation theory. The reformed meaning of this key concept is, in juxtaposition to the general theory of relativity (GTR), shown to subtly differ from particularly the Newtonian understanding of the “total energy of a system” as just being the “sum of constituent kinetic and potential energies”.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[364] viXra:1811.0461 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-27 09:57:44

The Changing Trends of Climate in Context to Indian Sundarbans.

Authors: Sufia Zaman, Utpal Pal, Ricardo Gobato, Alekssander Gobato, Abhijit Mitra.
Comments: 5 Pages. https://sites.google.com/site/pjsciencea/2018/october-v-4-n-7 , Sufia Zaman, Utpal Pal, Ricardo Gobato, Alekssander Gobato, Abhijit Mitra. Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.4, n.7, (24-28), October 25, 2018.

The effects of climate change on estuarine system is reflected through the changing salinity level of the coastal and estuarine waters, the concentration of dissolved oxygen in water, the levels of pollution and turbidity due to increased rate of erosion etc. In order to get a holistic picture of the climate change we had collected data from two different sectors of Indian Sundarbans (namely western and central sectors) on surface water temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen for three decades (1980-2009). Our investigation reflects the rising trend of surface water temperatures in both the sectors reflecting the alarming trend of global warming in this part of the Indian sub-continent at the apex of Bay of Bengal. The scenario of salinity profile is conceptualized in two different ways due to variation in geographical features. The ex situ effect of Himalayan deglaciation is confirmed not only by decreasing trend of salinity in the western sector, but also through gradual increase of dissolved oxygen.
Category: Climate Research

[363] viXra:1811.0460 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-27 10:03:40

ANovel Approach to Reduce Toxicities and to Improve Bioavailabilities of DNA/RNAof Human Cancer Cells–Containing Cocaine (Coke), Lysergide (Lysergic AcidDiethyl Amide or LSD), Δ9–Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) [(–)–trans–Δ⁹–Tetrahydrocannabinol],Theobromine (

Authors: Alireza Heidari, Ricardo Gobato.
Comments: 17 Pages. https://sites.google.com/site/pjsciencea/2018/v-4-n-6-august-2018 , Alireza Heidari and Ricardo Gobato. Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.4, n.6, (1-17), August 9, 2018.

The aim of the present study was to reduce toxicities and to improve bioavailabilities of DNA/RNA of human cancer cells–containing Cocaine (Coke), Lysergide (Lysergic Acid Diethyl Amide or LSD), Δ9–Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) [(–)–trans–Δ⁹–Tetrahydrocannabinol], Theobromine (Xantheose), Caffeine, Aspartame (APM) (NutraSweet) and Zidovudine (ZDV) [Azidothymidine (AZT)] as anti–cancer Nano drugs by coassembly of dual anti–cancer Nano drugs to inhibit DNA/RNA of human cancer cells drug resistance.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[362] viXra:1811.0459 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-27 10:05:16

Fermat’s Last Theorem First and Second Cases

Authors: Victor Sorokine
Comments: 2 Pages.

he essence of the proof of the FLT: The first case (ABC is not a multiple of n): In one of the equivalent Fermat equations, the 3rd digit of the sum of the powers of the last digits of the bases greater than 1, which cannot be zeroed using the second digits with the sum of the latter equal to 0 or n-1. +++ The second case (A or B or C is a multiple of n): (k+2)-th digit in the number D=(A+B)^n-(C-B)^n-(C-A)^n, where the number A+B-C ends by k zeros, is not zero, but after adding to the number D zero as 0=A^n+B^n-C^n (k+2)-th digit is zero.
Category: Number Theory

[361] viXra:1811.0458 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-27 10:07:42

Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy(ups) and Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) Spectroscopy Comparative Study Onmalignant and Benign Human Cancer Cells and Tissues with the Passage of Time Undersynchrotron Radiation.

Authors: Alireza Heidari, Ricardo Gobato
Comments: 16 Pages. https://sites.google.com/site/pjsciencea/2018/v-4-n-6-august-2018, Alireza Heidari and Ricardo Gobato. Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.4, n.6, (18-33), August 9, 2018.

In the current study, we have experimentally and comparatively investigated and compared malignant human cancer cells and tissues before and after irradiating of synchrotron radiation using Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy (UPS) and Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) Spectroscopy.
Category: Condensed Matter

[360] viXra:1811.0457 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-27 10:06:38

Fermat’s Last Theorem First and Second Cases (Russian)

Authors: Victor Sorokine
Comments: 2 Pages. Russian version

Суть доказательства ВТФ: Первый случай (ABC не кратно n): В одном из эквивалентных равенств Ферма 3-я цифра суммы степеней последних цифр оснований больше 1, которую невозможно обнулить с помощью вторых цифр с суммой последних, равной 0 или n-1. +++ Второй случай (A или B или C кратно n): (k+2)-я цифра в числе D=(A+B)^n-(C-B)^n-(C-A)^n, где число A+B-C оканчивается на k нулей, не равна нулю, но после прибавления к числу D нуля в виде 0=A^n+B^n-C^n (k+2)-я цифра равна нулю.
Category: Number Theory

[359] viXra:1811.0456 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-27 10:10:13

First–Time Simulation of Deoxyuridine Monophosphate (Dump) (Deoxyuridylic Acid or Deoxyuridylate) and Vomitoxin (Deoxynivalenol (Don)) ((3α,7α)–3,7,15–Trihydroxy–12,13–Epoxytrichothec–9–En–8–One)–Enhanced Precatalyst Preparation Stabilization and Initiati

Authors: Alireza Heidari, Ricardo Gobato
Comments: 22 Pages. https://sites.google.com/site/pjsciencea/2018/v-4-n-6-august-2018, Alireza Heidari and Ricardo Gobato. Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.4, n.6, (46-67), August 21, 2018.

In the current study, Deoxyuridine Monophosphate (dUMP) (Deoxyuridylic Acid or Deoxyuridylate) and Vomitoxin (Deoxynivalenol (DON)) ((3α,7α)–3,7,15–Trihydroxy–12,13–Epoxytrichothec–9–En–8–One) – Enhanced Precatalyst Preparation Stabilization and Initiation (EPPSI) Nano molecules incorporation into the Nano Polymeric Matrix (NPM) by immersion of the Nano Polymeric Modified Electrode (NPME) as molecular enzymes and drug targets for human cancer cells, tissues and tumors treatment under synchrotron and synchrocyclotron radiations were studied.
Category: Condensed Matter

[358] viXra:1811.0455 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-27 10:19:14

Moving Tiny Objects with Light

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 75 Pages.

Researchers from the Structured Light group from the School of Physics at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa, have found a way to use the full beam of a laser light, to control and manipulate minute objects such as single cells in a human body, tiny particles in small volume chemistry, or working on future on-chip devices. [44] This research work by the UEx, which has been published in Scientific Reports, explored the electromagnetic properties of specific materials that can make certain objects invisible when they are introduced into its interior. [43] A research team from ITMO University and the Australian National University has discovered that different metasurfaces exhibit the same behavior provided a symmetry breaking is introduced to their unit cells "meta-atoms."[42] Electron microscopy has allowed scientists to see individual atoms, but even at that resolution not everything is clear. [41] A half-century ago, the theorist Walter Henneberger wondered if it were possible to use a laser field to free an electron from its atom without removing it from the nucleus. [40] A new study by researchers at the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST) may explain this disparity. In the work, the OIST researchers measured electrical current across a two-dimensional plane. [39] Femtosecond lasers are capable of processing any solid material with high quality and high precision using their ultrafast and ultra-intense characteristics. [38] To create the flying microlaser, the researchers launched laser light into a water-filled hollow core fiber to optically trap the microparticle. Like the materials used to make traditional lasers, the microparticle incorporates a gain medium. [37] Lasers that emit ultrashort pulses of light are critical components of technologies, including communications and industrial processing, and have been central to fundamental Nobel Prize-winning research in physics. [36] A newly developed laser technology has enabled physicists in the Laboratory for Attosecond Physics (jointly run by LMU Munich and the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics) to generate attosecond bursts of high-energy photons of unprecedented intensity. [35]
Category: Quantum Physics

[357] viXra:1811.0454 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-27 10:44:41

Star Wars-like Tractor Beam

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 76 Pages.

Physicists from ITMO University have developed a model of an optical tractor beam to capture particles based on new artificial materials. [45] Researchers from the Structured Light group from the School of Physics at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa, have found a way to use the full beam of a laser single cells in a human body, tiny particles in small volume chemistry, or working on future on-chip devices. [44] This research work by the UEx, which has been published in Scientific Reports, explored the electromagnetic properties of specific materials that can make certain objects invisible when they are introduced into its interior. [43] A research team from ITMO University and the Australian National University has discovered that different metasurfaces exhibit the same behavior provided a symmetry breaking is introduced to their unit cells "meta-atoms."[42] Electron microscopy has allowed scientists to see individual atoms, but even at that resolution not everything is clear. [41]
Category: Quantum Physics

[356] viXra:1811.0450 [pdf] replaced on 2018-12-01 08:26:02

Principia Physica

Authors: Peter Schuttevaar
Comments: 25 pages english text, submitted as a request for peer review

A hypothetical phenomenon Bp is introduced as a building block of all physical reality. The Bp has a velocity, a charge and an inertia. The magnitudes of the charge and the velocity of the Bp are deduced from the behavior of the electrostatic force. The inertia to mass ratio of the Bp is deduced from the characteristics of a photon. There is also an a-symmetry between two types of Bp, namely Bh and Bl, resulting in a dependency of its velocity and charge on its mass. The nature of this dependency is deduced from the behavior of the neutron. Then the deduced properties are used to theorize about the structure, the dimension and the gyro-magnetic ratio of the electron, proton and neutron, as well as their anti-particles. It shows that particles that are constructed of Bp’s conform to observed reality, such as their gyro-magnetic ratio and their behavior within the structure of an atom. In the course of former deductions, a number of theoretical innovations are developed and integrated in a coherent theoretical framework. There is for example a general formal relation between the mass of a particle and its size (any particle, not just the photon). As another example, the electrostatic as well as the electrodynamical interaction are modeled as phenomena that emerge from a common underlying dynamical interaction, integrating them in a more thorough manner than is currently the state of the art. The general significance of the proposed theoretical framework is in validating a significant theoretical simplification of particle physics, that can enable advancement in a number of disciplines, especially in nuclear physics, where contemporary modeling techniques are known to be very complex.
Category: Classical Physics

[355] viXra:1811.0441 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-27 21:36:42

An Insight into Higher Order Logic (HOL) based Ontology NeuroInformatics Framework by Considering Ontology Oriented Concepts & Language/s based on HOL/Grobner Bases/Scala/Jikes RVM/JVMTechnologies/IoT Computing Environments.

Authors: Nirmal Tej Kumar
Comments: 7 Pages. Short Communication & Technical Notes

“Gröbner Bases Theory” & Ontology could be implemented as explained - An Insight into Higher Order Logic (HOL) based Ontology Neuroinformatics Framework by Considering Ontology Oriented Concepts & Language/s based on HOL/Grobner Bases/Scala/Jikes RVM/JVM Technologies/IoT Computing Environments.
Category: Algebra

[354] viXra:1811.0440 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-27 22:41:44

Remarks on Memory, Metamemory and Their Effects on Improving Students’ Learning Performance: a Literature Review

Authors: Victor Christianto, Florentin Smarandache
Comments: 9 Pages. This paper has been submitted to Neurology J. Comments are welcome

One of great question for student’s learning process is: how can one improve his/her memory in order to improve learning performance. And one’s memory can be distinguished between short term memory and long term memory (STM and DTM). But there is also metamemory. The study of metamemory examines people’s awareness and understanding of their own memory and learning. One goal of this research is to learn how people predict their memory performance, usually when they first encounter to-be-learned material. Therefore, a typical experiment in metamemory has participants learn items one at a time in preparation fora later test. This paper discusses some basic concepts of STM, DTM, metamemory and how they can be used to improve students’ learning performance. This is an early investigation into this large body of knowledge.
Category: Mind Science

[353] viXra:1811.0439 [pdf] replaced on 2019-04-05 17:47:10

Remark on Seven Applications of Neutrosophic Logic: in Cultural Psychology, Economics Theorizing, Conflict Resolution, Philosophy of Science, Etc.

Authors: Victor Christianto, Florentin Smarandache
Comments: 12 Pages. This paper has been published by J, a multidisciplinary journal. Your comments are welcome

In this short communication, we review seven applications of NFL which we have explored in a number of papers: 1) Background: The purpose of this study is to review on how Neutrosophic Logic can be found useful in a number of diverse areas of interest; 2) Methods: we use logical analysis based on NL; 3) Results: Some fields of study may be found elevated after analyzed by NL theory; and 4) Conclusions: We can expect NL theory can be applied in many areas of research too, both in applied mathematics, economics, and also physics. Hopefully the readers will find a continuing line of thoughts in our research in the last few years.
Category: Economics and Finance

[352] viXra:1811.0438 [pdf] replaced on 2020-03-22 14:36:51

Deriving Spacetime in Four-Dimensional Euclidean Space Without Time and Dynamics (In Russian)

Authors: Andrey N. Smirnov
Comments: 17 Pages.

The hypothesis, allowing deriving a space-time with a Minkowski space metrics on Euclidean space with no time and dynamics is suggested. This is a fundamental novelty, to the best of the author’s knowledge, such an opportunity has never been considered before. This hypothesis also allows deriving the curved space-time with a metrics of the general theory of relativity. It was demonstrated that the principle of causality and the anthropic principle arise from the hypothesis. It was demonstrated that the strong principle of equivalence of gravitation and acceleration arises from the hypothesis. All principles and postulates, on which special and general theories of relativity are based are being derived, Lorentz transformations and the general theory of relativity equations were derived. It has been demonstrated that the principle of locality arises in such a hypothesis.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[351] viXra:1811.0437 [pdf] replaced on 2018-11-30 14:06:55

Pisom K'ak'al: Unwrapping the Maya-Quiche Sacred Bundle

Authors: Sylwester Kornowski
Comments: 7 Pages.

Here we have unwrapped the Maya-Quiche sacred bundle called Pisom K'ak'al in the Totonicapan document or Pizom Gagal in the Popol Vuh - we show that it forces the correct development of theoretical physics. We answered following questions: Why there are two different names of the sacred bundle? What information is encoded in the names of the bundle? Were both the Pisom K'ak'al and the Wow! signal "6EQUJ5" created by the same person(s)?
Category: Religion and Spiritualism

[350] viXra:1811.0436 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-28 03:57:33

"Corkscrew of a Devil" in the State of Nebraska

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 3 Pages. -

The explanation of the artifact called is offered "Corkscrew of a devil"
Category: Archaeology

[349] viXra:1811.0435 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-26 06:16:16

Elementary Fractals: Part III

Authors: Edgar Valdebenito
Comments: 101 Pages.

This note presents a collection of elementary Fractals.
Category: Geometry

[348] viXra:1811.0434 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-26 06:21:05

Elements 2 : The Integral Formula

Authors: Edgar Valdebenito
Comments: 1 Page.

This note presents a elementary integral formula.
Category: General Mathematics

[347] viXra:1811.0433 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-26 06:23:53

Elements 3 : Elementary Infinite Product

Authors: Edgar Valdebenito
Comments: 1 Page.

This note presents a elementary infinite product.
Category: General Mathematics

[346] viXra:1811.0432 [pdf] replaced on 2018-12-03 14:47:34

Modularity, Consciousness, and Intelligence

Authors: J.A.J. van Leunen
Comments: 8 Pages. The document is part of the Hilbert Book Model Project

Physical reality has a modular structure. Consciousness gets introduced in the higher levels of the module hierarchy. Intelligence is introduced at the top level.
Category: Quantum Physics

[345] viXra:1811.0431 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-26 08:26:54

Machine Learning Without Negative Data

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 42 Pages.

A research team from the RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP) has successfully developed a new method for machine learning that allows an AI to make classifications without what is known as "negative data," a finding which could lead to wider application to a variety of classification tasks. [26] Artificial intelligence is helping improve safety along a stretch of Las Vegas' busiest highway. [25] The New York Times contacted IBM Research in late September asking for our help to use AI in a clever way to create art for the coming special section on AI. [24] Granting human rights to a computer would degrade human dignity. [23] IBM researchers are developing a new computer architecture, better equipped to handle increased data loads from artificial intelligence. [22] A computer built to mimic the brain's neural networks produces similar results to that of the best brain-simulation supercomputer software currently used for neural-signaling research, finds a new study published in the open-access journal Frontiers in Neuroscience. [21]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[344] viXra:1811.0430 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-26 09:14:29

Molecule Turns into a Switch

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 65 Pages.

The molecular switch is the fruit of a collaboration of members from the Departments of Experimental and Theoretical Physics at the University of Würzburg: Dr. Jens Kügel, a postdoc at the Department of Experimental Physics II, devised and ran the experiments. [39] A new test to spot where the ability to exploit the power of quantum mechanics has evolved in nature has been developed by physicists at the University of Warwick. [38] A team led by Austrian experimental physicist Rainer Blatt has succeeded in characterizing the quantum entanglement of two spatially separated atoms by observing their light emission. [37] Researchers have demonstrated the first quantum light-emitting diode (LED) that emits single photons and entangled photon pairs with a wavelength of around 1550 nm, which lies within the standard telecommunications window. [36]
Category: Quantum Physics

[343] viXra:1811.0429 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-26 09:40:23

Accelerator on a Microchip

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 73 Pages.

Electrical engineers in the accelerator physics group at TU Darmstadt have developed a design for a laser-driven electron accelerator so small it could be produced on a silicon chip. [42] Using short laser pulses, a research team led by Misha Ivanov of the Max Born Institute in Berlin, together with scientists from the Russian Quantum Center in Moscow, has shed light on the extremely rapid processes taking place within these novel materials. [41] Trapping light with an optical version of a whispering gallery, researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have developed a nanoscale coating for solar cells that enables them to absorb about 20 percent more sunlight than uncoated devices. [40] A new study by researchers at the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST) may explain this disparity. In the work, the OIST researchers measured electrical current across a two-dimensional plane. [39] Femtosecond lasers are capable of processing any solid material with high quality and high precision using their ultrafast and ultra-intense characteristics. [38] To create the flying microlaser, the researchers launched laser light into a water-filled hollow core fiber to optically trap the microparticle. Like the materials used to make traditional lasers, the microparticle incorporates a gain medium. [37]
Category: Quantum Physics

[342] viXra:1811.0428 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-26 09:54:21

On the Pythagoras’ and De Gua’s Theorems in Geometric Algebra

Authors: Miroslav Josipović
Comments: 4 Pages.

This small article is intended to be a contribution to the LinkedIn group “Pre-University Geometric Algebra”. The main idea is to show that in geometric algebra we have the Pythagoras’ and De Gua’s theorems without a metric defined. This allows us to generalize these theorems to any dimension and any signature.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[341] viXra:1811.0427 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-26 10:04:43

Negative Mass Clarifying Effects

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 30 Pages.

A FLEET study led by University of Queensland's David Colas clarifies recent studies of negative mass, investigating the strange phenomenon of self-interference. [25] Mysterious radiation emitted from distant corners of the galaxy could finally be explained with efforts to recreate a unique state of matter that blinked into existence in the first moments after the Big Bang. [24] Researchers at Oregon State University have confirmed that last fall's union of two neutron stars did in fact cause a short gamma-ray burst. [23] Quark matter – an extremely dense phase of matter made up of subatomic particles called quarks – may exist at the heart of neutron stars. [22] When a massive astrophysical object, such as a boson star or black hole, rotates, it can cause the surrounding spacetime to rotate along with it due to the effect of frame dragging. [21] Rotating black holes and computers that use quantum-mechanical phenomena to process information are topics that have fascinated science lovers for decades, but even the most innovative thinkers rarely put them together. [20] If someone were to venture into one of these relatively benign black holes, they could survive, but their past would be obliterated and they could have an infinite number of possible futures. [19] The group explains their theory in a paper published in the journal Physical Review Letters—it involves the idea of primordial black holes (PBHs) infesting the centers of neutron stars and eating them from the inside out. [18] But for rotating black holes, there's a region outside the event horizon where strange and extraordinary things can happen, and these extraordinary possibilities are the focus of a new paper in the American Physical Society journal Physical Review Letters. [17] Astronomers have constructed the first map of the universe based on the positions of supermassive black holes, which reveals the large-scale structure of the universe. [16] Astronomers want to record an image of the heart of our galaxy for the first time: a global collaboration of radio dishes is to take a detailed look at the black hole which is assumed to be located there. [15]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[340] viXra:1811.0426 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-26 10:25:11

Magnetic Fields in White Dwarfs

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 26 Pages.

Magnetic fields are present in a large variety of stars across the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, during all evolutionary stages from pre-main sequence stars, to main sequence stars and evolved stars, up to the final stages when the star explodes as a supernova. [22] Based on a new theoretical model, a team of scientists explored the rich data archive of ESA's XMM-Newton and NASA's Chandra space observatories to find pulsating X-ray emission from three sources. [21] CfA astronomer David James was a member of a large international team systematically searching for new gravitationally lensed quasars. [20] For the first time astronomers have detected gravitational waves from a merged, hyper-massive neutron star. [19] A group of scientists from the Niels Bohr Institute (NBI) at the University of Copenhagen will soon start developing a new line of technical equipment in order to dramatically improve gravitational wave detectors. [18]
Category: Astrophysics

[339] viXra:1811.0425 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-26 11:41:20

Эффекта Джанибекова, "кувырок" Земли и глобальные катастрофы. (Ru) /// Janibekov Effect," Somersault " of the Earth and Global Catastrophes.

Authors: A.V. Antipin
Comments: 15 Pages. language: Ru

В статье рассматривается вопрос о возможности для Земли совершать «кувырки» в силу «эффекта Джанибекова». Показано, что Эффект Джанибекова ПОЛНОСТЬЮ объясняется классической механикой. Этот эффект является одним из допустимых режимов вращения свободного ассиметричного волчка вокруг средней по величине из трёх главных осей инерции. Представлены аргументы в пользу того, что такие кувырки не могли происходить в исторический период, т.е. в последние 500 – 1000 лет и, тем более, неоднократно. \\\ The article discusses the possibility for the Earth to make " somersaults "because of the" Janibekov effect". It is shown that the Janibekov Effect is fully explained by classical mechanics. This effect is one of the permissible modes of rotation of the free asymmetric gyroscope around the average of the three main axes of inertia Arguments are presented in favor of the fact that such somersaults could not occur in the historical period, i.e. in the last 500 – 1000 years and, especially, repeatedly.
Category: Geophysics

[338] viXra:1811.0424 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-26 14:33:42

Towards a Physics of Mind: Theoretical and Empirical Pathways to Enlightenment Across the Multi-Dimensional Barrier

Authors: Richard L Amoroso
Comments: 14 Pages. Preprint November 2018 ASCSI conference Raleigh, NC USA

Recent experimental discovery of Additional Dimensions (XD) beyond the 3D reality we observe means the Quantum Uncertainty Principle will no longer be a barrier to engineering Conscious Technologies. The 1st-person 3rd-person barrier (accessing other minds) will be systematically open to entanglement with conscious machines. Pragmatic Proof of Cartesian Duality (Mind not equal to Brain) will inspire seekers of enlightenment to follow a rigorous path to transcendent experience. Epistemology (Theory of knowledge) evolved from Myth & Superstition in the dark ages, to Logic & Reason framed by the Greeks, to the modern age of Empiricism begun by Galileo; and now completing the tools of epistemology, adding Transcendence - For those investing sufficient effort in following a well-formulated path.
Category: Mind Science

[337] viXra:1811.0423 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-26 14:38:10

Achieving Spiritual Consciousness of the Self-Knowledge of God

Authors: Richard L Amoroso
Comments: 26 Pages. Preprint proceedings Simposio International sobre Consciencia e Autoconhecimento, Octobre 2018, Brazil

Natural science and theology are not mutually exclusive, but opposite ends of a broad spectrum of human intelligence. Can we develop self-knowledge of God? A primitive tool of conscious knowledge, Myth and Superstition, which guided civilization for thousands of years, still exists to a surprising degree today. Secondly, Logic and Reason can produce conflicting arguments both for and against the existence of God. The third tool, empiricism, since Galileo is the basis of modern experimental science; but the challenge of repeatability remains between objective and subjective modes of measurement and some experiments are deemed impossible to perform. The final tool of awareness is transcendence. It has always been possible to demonstrate the existence of God utilizing transcendence, but because it is generally subjective; it has not been acceptable by current definitions of pragmatic science or to nonbelievers unwilling/unable to achieve the required state-of-mind. Without a rigorous model for a Physics of the Observer, and limitations imposed by the uncertainty principle; current tools of physical science have not allowed an objectively oriented empirical proof of God. This changes with the addition of spirit into Natural Science from Einstein’s Unified Field Theory. The Perennial Philosophy proposes that all world religions are based on a single universal truth that promotes spiritual union with God: If there is a God he has provided a way to find him. We review logical and metaphysical methods of fulfilling this premise; also providing an empirical model, for the first time in history demonstrating the existence of a Life Principle identical to the Spirit of God, hidden until now behind the Quantum Uncertainty Principle. Though a major step forward, some properties of Spirit are unknowable to a temporal mind; and subtleties of a new noetic action principle will
Category: Religion and Spiritualism

[336] viXra:1811.0422 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-26 16:29:43

The Moon Orbit Analysis

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 48 Pages.

The Moon Orbit Analysis Earth Moon motion has specific 4 points which are: 1.Perigee Point (R1): Radius 363000 km from Earth (the nearest point) 2.Total Solar Eclipse (R2): Radius 377000 km from Earth 3.Average Moon Orbit (R3) : Radius 384000 km (registered) 4.Apogee Point (R4): Radius 406000 km from Earth (the most far point) These 4 points are defined by 4 geometrical rules which are: -(1st Rule) Pythagoras rule : R2n + (86000km)2= R2n+1 (why 86000 km? we'll discuss that in this paper) -(2nd Rule) Moon Orbital Circumference at Rn= (1/Rn+1) -(3rd Rule) (Moon Orbital Circumference at Rn+1/ Moon Orbital Circumference at Rn) =1.0725 -(4th Rule) The Rate 365.25 This paper tries to prove this fact, and discusses more deep question… why the moon orbital different radiuses are defined by these 4 geometrical rules?
Category: Astrophysics

[335] viXra:1811.0418 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-26 22:04:04

The Thermodynamic Properties of Zero Oscillations of a Homogeneous Universe Are Specified

Authors: Miheeev Sergey Vladimirovich
Comments: 5 Pages.

It is shown that the share of zero-point oscillations ¾ in the energy of a homogeneous universe does not depend on the chosen shape factor. The temperature of zero-point oscillations is weak and indirectly depends on the shape factor, through the minimum wavelength. It is shown that the coefficient of the form must be taken equal to the classical value - 8π. At the same time, in a homogeneous universe with a gravitational radius of 4.4 × 1026 m, the temperature of zero-point oscillations is T = 2,76 K.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[334] viXra:1811.0417 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-26 22:55:36

Distance Measure of Pythagorean Fuzzy Sets

Authors: Fuyuan Xiao
Comments: 10 Pages.

The Pythagorean fuzzy set (PFS), as an extension of intuitionistic fuzzy set, is more capable of expressing and handling the uncertainty under uncertain envi- ronments. Whereas, how to measure the distance between Pythagorean fuzzy sets appropriately is still an open issue. Therefore, a novel distance measure between Pythagorean fuzzy sets is proposed based on the Jensen{Shannon di- vergence in this paper. The new distance measure has the following merits: i) it meets the axiomatic de nition of distance measure; ii) it can better indicate the discrimination degree of PFSs. Then, numerical examples are demonstrated that the PFSJS distance measure is feasible and reasonable.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[333] viXra:1811.0416 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-26 23:14:48

On The Fractional Fundamental Boson

Authors: Deep Jyoti Dutta
Comments: 2 Pages. catagory high energy physics

Our vision is to theoretically establish a fractional charged elementary vector boson of spin unity and also an equation to compute the mass of elementary but charged weak gauge boson.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[332] viXra:1811.0414 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-27 00:29:55

An Information Theoretic Formulation of Game Theory, II

Authors: Christopher Goddard
Comments: 22 Pages.

This short article follows an earlier document, wherein I indicated how the foundations of game theory could be reformulated within the lens of a more information theoretic and topological approach. Building on said work, herein I intend to generalise this to meta games, where one game (the meta-game) is built on top of a game, and then to meta-meta-games. Finally I indicate how one might take these ideas further, in terms of constructing frameworks to study policies, which relate to the solution of various algebraic invariants.
Category: Topology

[331] viXra:1811.0413 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-27 01:35:32

Suratism

Authors: Yara Islam Abd El Aziz, Rawda Waleed Khafaga
Comments: 10 Pages.

Autism Spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder in which symptoms generally appears in the first two years of toddler's life. It's about three types or similar conditions including Asperger syndrome, Autism and PDD-NOS. ASD affects the person's social interaction, communication and behavior. Although a diagnosis can sometimes be made after 3 years of appearing the symptoms. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), a guide created by the American Psychiatric Association used to diagnose mental disorders, people with ASD have: •Difficulty with communication and interaction with other people •Restricted interests and repetitive behaviors •Symptoms that hurt the person’s ability to function properly in school, work, and other areas of life. By knowing these symptoms it's estimated that there is about 1 of each 100 people in UK has ASD. There is no accurate cure for the ASD that causes the whole recovery. Almost, some treatments that decrease the worth of the disorder and some physiological therapies as speech and language therapy, occupational therapy, educational support, plus a number of other interventions are available to help children and parents to let them more sociable or to make them interact normally with people. Also, there is a treatment that called "Surmain" was invent to help people suffers from human sleeping sickness that helps in treatment of ASD as the mechanism of existing ASD is , Stressed cells emit ATP and other molecules made by mitochondria into the extracellular space through channels in the cell membrane. Extracellular ATP (eATP) is an ancient danger signal. It is called a "damage associated molecular pattern" or DAMP. When too much eATP is emitted, it joins purinergic receptors and activates the CDR. So, surmain blocks the binding of eATP and eADP to these receptors and sends the cellular equivalent of the "all's clear" or safety signal. But, there's a problem with this cure as it causes rash. So, after long researches we found that there's a compound of histamine has a central role as a mediator of itching. It causes the rash after taking the Surmain. So, we concluded that we could use a cure to resist rash which doesn't react or causing any bad effects
Category: Mind Science

[330] viXra:1811.0412 [pdf] replaced on 2019-01-01 07:35:51

On the Distributional Expansions of Powered Extremes from Maxwell Distribution

Authors: Jianwen Huang, Xinling Liu, Jianjun Wang, Zhongquan Tan, Jingyao Hou, Hao Pu
Comments: 17 Pages.

In this paper, asymptotic expansions of the distributions and densities of powered extremes for Maxwell samples are considered. The results show that the convergence speeds of normalized partial maxima relies on the powered index. Additionally, compared with previous result, the convergence rate of the distribution of powered extreme from Maxwell samples is faster than that of its extreme. Finally, numerical analysis is conducted to illustrate our findings.
Category: Statistics

[329] viXra:1811.0411 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-27 02:38:57

Time Intervals Measured by Two Observers in Relative Motion

Authors: Qing-Ping Ma
Comments: 4 Pages.

It has been shown previously that when for two inertial observers A and B in relative motion, the value of the distance between A and B measured by observer B in a frame where B is stationary is the same as that obtained by observer A in a frame where A is stationary. The present study will show that the time interval for observer A to meet observer B measured by observer B in a frame where B is stationary is the same as that for observer B to meet observer A obtained by observer A in a frame where A is stationary. The proof is based on two fundamental conditions of special relativity: 1) the space time interval between two events in the Minkowski space is independent of the inertial reference frame chosen; and 2) there is no privileged reference frame and all inertial reference frames are equal.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[328] viXra:1811.0410 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-27 03:20:04

Review of "A Brief History of Creation" by Bill Mesler and H James Cleaves II 2016

Authors: Edward J Steele
Comments: 8 Pages.

The review of this interesting book exposes the ad hominem attacks on Fred Hoyle and Chandra Wickramasinghe as specious. Indeed the advocacy of the authors for Abiogenesis as an easy and common event in the Universe, in locations like the Earth, is exposed as wishful thinking. It is simply not credible. The general history story of biology, while accurate to a point, stops short about 1970 - it then completely overlooks all the published evidence and analyses for both Panspermia and Lamarckian Inheritance of the past 40-50 years. To quote one of the cited links..."There is a strong conceptual link between rapid Lamarckian-based evolutionary processes dependent on reverse transcription-coupled mechanisms among others and the effective cosmic spread of living systems viz. Panspermia. For example, a viable, or cryo-preserved, living system travelling through space in a protective matrix will need to rapidly adapt and proliferate on a landing in a new cosmic niche. Lamarckian mechanisms of environmentally-driven inherited rapid adaptation thus come to the fore and supersede the slow (blind and random) genetic processes expected under a neo-Darwinian evolutionary paradigm."
Category: Physics of Biology

[327] viXra:1811.0408 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-27 04:11:17

Mond

Authors: Dariusz Dudało
Comments: 3 Pages.

Modified Newtonian Dynamics with time dilation
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[326] viXra:1811.0407 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-27 04:48:52

The Time Production Effect of Electromagnetic Wavelengths Interference of Two Electromagnetic Waves

Authors: Adham Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed
Comments: 1 Page. ty

Today we know that light or any other electromagnetic wave is fixed in its wavelength at any distance covered by the electromagnetic wave no matter of the time passing rate as in einstein's light-distance clock however we might hypothesize that two waves do interfere if they pass through each other for example imagine if you increase the distance that the two interfering wavelengths go through as the universe expands we end up with either more oscillations or lager wavelengths needed but in the very end when the electromagnetic wave reaches a particle it makes it less hot than if the universe didn't expand the electromagnetic wave would have been much hotter now if we look again we see that an electromagnetic wave should have either increased its wavelength and decreased the number of oscillations(gives less time for the electromagnetic wave) now what happens if you make two equal in wavelength and frequency electromagnetic waves hit each other? The answer could probably be that more time is produced but for what? I mean the two electromagnetic waves have killed each other so the complete answer is that space is produced or dark energy now if photons go through space they go at a constant time rate meaning that the photons aren't effected by the dark matter and they go at the same speed or same velocity now what happens if bigger masses go through space or dark matter(assuming ofcourse that they act like electromagnetic waves)? They would go at less velocities than light and if they reached the speed of light they would stop this is probably due to the bigger masses havig much more oscillations than light but they never give their oscillations to space or dark energy unless ofcourse if they hit a similar planet with the same velocity directly at each other
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[325] viXra:1811.0406 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-27 05:02:13

Heat Cold Vibration Effect

Authors: Adham Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed
Comments: 1 Page. ty

When you heat a mass it vibrates and if you leave it in a medium of two sides one that is hot and the other side is cold the heated mass tend to go to the hot side of the medium
Category: Thermodynamics and Energy

[324] viXra:1811.0405 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-25 05:57:09

How Hilbert’s Attempt to Unify Gravitation and Electromagnetism Failed Completely, and a Plausible Resolution

Authors: Victor Christianto, Florentin Smarandache, Robert Neil Boyd
Comments: 36 Pages. This paper has been submitted to Prespacetime journal. Comments are welcome

In the present paper, these authors argue on actual reasons why Hilbert’s axiomatic program to unify gravitation theory and electromagnetism failed completely. An outline of plausible resolution of this problem is given here, based on: a) Gödel’s incompleteness theorem, b) Newton’s aether stream model. And in another paper we will present our calculation of receding Moon from Earth based on such a matter creation hypothesis. More experiments and observations are called to verify this new hypothesis, albeit it is inspired from Newton’s theory himself.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[323] viXra:1811.0404 [pdf] replaced on 2019-02-06 08:24:53

Electron Model Based on Helmholtz’s Electron Vortex Theory & Kolmogorov’s Theory of Turbulence

Authors: Victor Christianto, Florentin Smarandache, Robert Neil Boyd
Comments: 10 Pages. This paper has been published by PSTJ. Your comments are welcome

In this paper, we explore a new electron model based on Helmholtz’s electron vortex and Kolmogorov theory of turbulence. We also discuss a new model of origination of charge and matter.
Category: Thermodynamics and Energy

[322] viXra:1811.0403 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-25 06:03:11

Twin Cities Atlantis and the Python Spirit

Authors: Leon Elshout
Comments: 2 Pages.

If Atlantis was mirrored in time and space as viewed from Jerusalem, it is a model that culminates in the Endtimes in two cities: Jerusalem and rebuilt Babylon. Had the Poseidon like python spirit in Acts 16:16 triggered Plato to transform this model into Atlantis? My book on Atlantis as Endtimes Babylon and Jerusalem: roodgoudvanparvaim.nl by leon elshout (aurichalcum2018 (at) protonmail.com (25/11/2018)
Category: Religion and Spiritualism

[321] viXra:1811.0402 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-25 06:05:22

A Few Calculations of Receding Moon from Spherical Kinetic Dynamics, Receding Planetary Orbits, and the Quantization of Celestial Motions

Authors: Victor Christianto, Florentin Smarandache, Robert Neil Boyd
Comments: 12 Pages. This paper has been submitted to EuroSciConf 2019. Your comments are welcome

The present article discusses some interesting phenomena including the Lense-Thirring type anomalous precession, using a known spherical kinetic dynamics approach. Other implications include a plausible revised version of the celestial quantization equation described by Nottale and Rubcic & Rubcic. If the proposition described herein corresponds to the facts, then this kinetic dynamics interpretation of ‘frame-dragging’ effect could be viewed as a step to unification between GTR-type phenomena and QM. Further observation to verify or refute this conjecture is recommended, plausibly using LAGEOS-type satellites. Keywords: Lense-Thirring effect, celestial quantization, LAGEOS satellite, boson condensation, gravitation
Category: Astrophysics

[320] viXra:1811.0401 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-25 06:35:57

Fads and Fashions in Physics vs Conspiracies

Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 5 Pages.

some recent fads/fashions in physics are discussed relative to a hybrid framework incorporating concepts from both sides: determinism & randomness
Category: Quantum Physics

[319] viXra:1811.0400 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-25 12:37:45

The Bonus-Malus System Based on the Vehicle

Authors: Dimiter Dobrev
Comments: 13 Pages. Bulgarian language

Bulgaria is currently considering introducing a bonus-malus system. This system will be different from that introduced in other countries because it will not be based on the driver but on the vehicle. The proposal that is currently under discussion is definitely flawed for a number of reasons. Here we will offer a much simpler system that is fair and difficult to circumvent.
Category: Economics and Finance

[318] viXra:1811.0399 [pdf] replaced on 2018-11-29 14:19:35

The Metaphysics of Physics

Authors: Jean Louis Van Belle
Comments: No. of pages includes title page and page with references

This is a didactic exploration of the basic assumptions and concepts of the Zitterbewegung interpretation of quantum mechanics. Its novelty is in applying the concepts to photons and relating it to other uses of the wavefunction. As such, we could have chosen another title for this paper: the physics of quantum physics. However, we only present interpretations, hypotheses and assumptions. As such, we thought we should stick to the title above: the metaphysics of physics - which sounds somewhat less arrogant.
Category: Quantum Physics

[317] viXra:1811.0398 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-25 15:01:10

How to Destroy Dead Stars So They Can Be Recycled

Authors: Jeffrey Joseph Wolynski
Comments: 4 Pages. 1 hand drawn illustration, 2 illustrations, 1 pie chart

Methods for destroying dead stars are shown. Some methods leave rings and disks, some asteroids, some meteorites, some giant interstellar dust clouds. This is all based on the discovery outlined via stellar metamorphosis. All stars evolve into what scientists call "planet/exoplanet". This means planets are ancient stars, and nature destroys and recycles them.
Category: Astrophysics

[316] viXra:1811.0396 [pdf] replaced on 2020-10-01 19:43:55

Five Different Superposition Principles With/without Test Charge, Retarded Waves/advanced Waves Applied to Electromagnetic Fields or the Photons

Authors: Shuang-ren Zhao
Comments: 62 Pages.

In electromagnetic theory and quantum theory, there are superposition principle. Traditionally there are only one kind superposition principle. However, in this author's theory the retarded wave and advanced wave are all involved, the superposition become multiple. For example this author need to deal the problem how to superpose the retarded wave and the advanced wave. This author found that there are 5 different kinds of superpositions. The superposition principles have some differences. The research about these differences is a key to open the door of many physical difficulties. For example the particle and wave duality problem, and to judge which interpretation of the quantum mechanics is a correct one. The first two superposition principles are the superpositions with and without the test charges. The slight different superposition principles are the superposition with a retarded wave alone and the superposition with the advanced wave alone. According to theory of this author, the emitter sends the retarded wave, the absorber sends the advance wave. Hence, normal electromagnetic field actually is consist of retarded wave and advanced wave. This two waves together become the traditional electromagnetic fields. This kind of electromagnetic fields can be seen approximately as retarded wave only, this kind wave also has its own superposition. This kind of superposition is also different with the superposition when we consider the retarded waves alone and also the advanced waves alone. In this article this author will discuss the differences of these different superpositions. This author will also discuss the different physical result with a few different superposition principles. In this article this author will prove the superposition with test charge and the superposition with retarded waves alone or advance wave alone can be see one kind of superposition. This superposition is correct and can be derived from the mutual energy principle. This will be referred as first kind of superposition. The superposition without test charge and the superposition with the retarded waves and advanced waves can be seen as one kind of superposition. For this kind of superpositions are not correct naturally. This kind of super position are applied to N-charge's Poynting theorem. In order to make this superposition work, the self-energy principle have to be applied. Without self-energy principle this kind of superpositions will violate the energy conservation law. Considering the self-energy conservation this kind of superposition become the superposition of first kind. This is referred as second kind of superposition. The third kind of superposition is for the traditional electromagnetic field. Here the traditional electromagnetic field means the electromagnetic field where the advanced waves are omit. When the advanced waves are omit doesn't mean the advanced waves do not exist, that is only means the retarded wave and the advanced wave are with nearly same intensity and can be treated together in some situation, for example, in wave guide, or in the free space where the absorber are uniformly distributed at infinite big sphere. Abstract Only when the self-energy principle is accept, all kinds of superposition can be accept. However different superposition has different physical meanings. Otherwise only the superposition with test charge or the superposition with only one kind wave either retarded waves or advanced waves can be accepted. Hence, the discussion about the superposition also support the concept of the self-energy principle which means there must exist the time reversal waves. That also means the waves do not collapse but collapse back. Wave collapse means collapse to its target, for example, the retarded wave will collapse to an absorber and the advanced wave will collapse to an emitter. Wave collapse back means the retarded wave sent from emitter will collapse back to an emitter; The advanced wave sent from the absorber will collapse back to an absorber. Hence, one purpose of this article is to clarify the superposition principles, and another purpose is to support this author's electromagnetic field theory which is started from two new axioms the self-energy principle and the mutual energy principle.
Category: Quantum Physics

[315] viXra:1811.0395 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-26 05:26:32

Occam Engineering and Physics

Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 3 Pages.

what physicists should accept vs what they can accept is explored
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[314] viXra:1811.0394 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-24 08:46:58

Ferent Equation for Elementary Particles

Authors: Adrian Ferent
Comments: 257 Pages. © 2014 Adrian Ferent

“Ferent equation for elementary particles” Adrian Ferent “Ferent equation for elementary particle, made of 2 particles, a Matter particle and a Dark Matter particle, is the Unification between Matter and Dark Matter!” Adrian Ferent “Ferent equation for Dark Matter particle of the elementary particle:” Adrian Ferent The most general form is the time-dependent Ferent equation, which gives a description of a quantum system made of Matter and Dark Matter evolving in time. “Unification between Matter and Dark Matter:” Adrian Ferent Where: |Ψ(r,t)> - is the state vector of the quantum system r and t are the position vector and time h – is the Planck constant a - is the Ferent constant This equation describes the changes over time of an elementary particle as quantum systems. “The elementary particles contain Dark Matter” Adrian Ferent “Ferent time-dependent equation for Dark Matter particles:” Adrian Ferent The nonrelativistic time-dependent Ferent equation for the wave function, of a single Dark Matter particle moving in a potential V(r,t). The wave function is the most complete description that can be given of a quantum system. Because the elementary particles contain Dark Matter particles, I consider each elementary particle as a quantum system made of 2 equations: The total energy equals kinetic energy plus potential energy of the dark matter particles. The equation for Matter of the elementary particle: Where Ψ(r,t) is the wave function, m1 is Matter mass, V is the potential energy. “Ferent equation for Dark Matter particle of the elementary particle:” Adrian Ferent Where m2 is Dark Matter mass. The equation for an elementary particle made of 2 particles, a Matter particle and a Dark Matter particle, is the Ferent equation for elementary particle as a quantum system: “Ferent equation for elementary particles:” Adrian Ferent “Ferent equation for elementary particle, made of 2 particles, a Matter particle and a Dark Matter particle, is the Unification between Matter and Dark Matter!” Adrian Ferent 153. I am the first who discovered the Ferent equation for elementary particles 154. I am the first who explained that Ferent equation for elementary particle, made of 2 particles, a Matter particle and a Dark Matter particle, is the Unification between Matter and Dark Matter! 155. I am the first who discovered the Ferent equation for Dark Matter particle of the elementary particle
Category: Quantum Physics

[313] viXra:1811.0393 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-24 08:57:36

Golden ‘Children’ of Physics and More

Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 2 Pages.

three darlings of physics are illuminated, in particular Peter Higgs and his infamous God particle, presenting a viable alternative with more evidence
Category: Quantum Physics

[312] viXra:1811.0392 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-24 12:05:42

Human Papillomavirus is the Cause of Human Prostate Cancer

Authors: Ilija Barukčić
Comments: 31 pages. Copyright © 2018 by Ilija Barukčić, Jever, Germany. All rights reserved. Published by

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) has an important role in the oncogenesis of several malignant diseases. Some observational studies demonstrated the presence of HPV even in human prostate cancer (PC) while other studies failed on this point. The relationship between HPV infection and PC remains unclear. The aim of the present meta-analysis study is to investigate whether HPV serves as a cause or as the cause of PC. Methods: The PubMed database was searched for suitable articles. Previously published expert reviews and systematic meta-analysis were used as an additional source to identify appropriate articles. Articles selected for this meta-analysis should fulfill the following inclusion criteria: (a) no data access barrier, (b) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) DNA based identification of HPV. The method of the conditio sine qua non relationship was used to prove the hypotheses whether being married is a necessary condition (a conditio sine qua non) of PC. In other words, without being married no PC. The method of the conditio per quam relationship (sufficient condition) was used to prove the hypotheses if HPV is present in human prostate tissues then PC is present too. The mathematical formula of the causal relationship k was used to prove the hypothesis, whether there is a cause effect relationship between HPV and PC. Significance was indicated by a p-value (two sided) of less than 0.05. Results: In toto more than 136 000 000 cases and controls were re-analysed while more than 33 studies were considered for a meta-analysis. Several studies support the hypotheses without being married no PC. All the studies considered for a re-analyses support the null-hypotheses if HPV then PC, while the cause effect relationship between HPV and PC was highly significant. Conclusions: Human papillomavirus is the cause of human prostate cancer.
Category: Statistics

[311] viXra:1811.0391 [pdf] replaced on 2019-01-13 14:54:07

Intention Physics

Authors: Vincenzo Peluso
Comments: 58 Pages.

A Theory of everything must spring from a metaphysics but must necessarily rest on logics. The aim of this paper is to show the theory of everything: it needs a new conceptual framework, a new geometry, a new mind, a new language. A critical examination of the conceptions of memory, movement, time and space brings to light the primitive space where relativistic physics and quantum mechanics can meet. Furthermore, it highlights the distinction between the true time that opens in the decision between the previous moment and the successive one, and the mnemonic time, trace spatialised in the moment, in which the evolution of the emergent phenomena is reflected. Finally, recognizing space, time, electricity and gravitation as four different aspects of one sole substance, we come to the only unit measure and to the only equation that, devoid of singularity, unifies all the natural interactions, without disagreement with any experimental result, and throws light on the shape and origin of the universe and on matter organization.
Category: History and Philosophy of Physics

[310] viXra:1811.0390 [pdf] replaced on 2020-08-06 10:54:46

Deng Entropy in Thermodynamics

Authors: Fan Liu, Yong Deng
Comments: 20 Pages.

Dempster-Shafer theory (D-S theory) has been widely used in many fields. Recently, a new entropy called Deng entropy was proposed in D-S theory. As an extension of Shannon entropy, it can deal with uncertainty problems in D-S theory. Entropy originated in physics and was later widely used in many fields. A natural question is what is the form of Deng entropy in physics? In this paper, we proposed the Deng entropy in thermodynamics, and under the conditions of a given system, deduced the Deng entropy in thermodynamics. In addition, we discussed the properties of Deng entropy in thermodynamics. First, the Deng entropy of thermodynamics is an extension of Gibbs entropy, just as Deng entropy is an extension of Shannon’s entropy. Similarly, Deng entropy in thermodynamics is also a measure of uncertainty. Given the state distribution of particles in a system, we can describe the uncertainty of particle states through Deng entropy in thermodynamics. Then, by proof, we find that Deng entropy in thermodynamics does not satisfy additivity. Finally, we also derived the probability distribution corresponding to the system when the Deng entropy in thermodynamics reaches its extreme value.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[309] viXra:1811.0389 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-24 15:11:10

The Moon Geometry

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 32 Pages.

The Moon Geometry The Moon Data Analysis shows the following: 1-Earth-Moon is an unique planet in the solar group and not similar to any other moon in the group. 2-The Solar Planets are connected together geometrically i.e. 3-The solar planets are created to be complementary to each other, all of them together consist one geometrical structure (as a triangle, square, or pyramid….) That means a.There was an original energy before any matter existence. And from this energy the planet matter is created (based on E=mc2) and the planet orbital distance is created (I suppose the space = Energy). This same energy also causes the planet motion as part of the general geometrical structure. b.Each solar planet is a part of this same geometrical structure and has a specific job in it (that means no part is absent..! means the original energy created all required planets to form the required geometrical structure) c.Each Planet Data is created to be suitable for the planet job in the general geometrical structure..
Category: Astrophysics

[308] viXra:1811.0388 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-24 16:59:49

Technische Anwendungen Zur Umwandlung Der Rotationsenergie Der Erde in Elektrische Energie in Theorie Und Praxis Teil 5

Authors: Robert Stach
Comments: 21 Pages.

Aufgezeigt werden Möglichkeiten zur Umwandlung der Rotationsenergie der Erde in elektrische Energie. Nach einem geschichtlichen Exkurs folgt die detailierte Beschreibung der Anlagen. Zum Schluss wird der Bezug zum Michelson- Experiment aufgezeigt, ebenso die sich daraus ergebenen Veränderungen für das 2. Postulat (Konstanz der Lichtgeschwindigkeit). Aufbauend auf den dargelegten physikalischen Gesetzmäßigkeiten erfolgt zum Ende des Manuskriptes die Einordnung der elektromagnetischen Strahlung in die bisherigen Theorien zur Dunklen Energie.
Category: Astrophysics

[307] viXra:1811.0385 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-25 04:59:22

Description of a Methodology from Econophysics as a Verification Technique for a Financial Strategy

Authors: Andrea Berdondini
Comments: 5 Pages.

ABSTRACT. In this article, I would like to draw attention to a method inspired by the analysis of stochastic models typical of quantum physics, and to utilise it to test a financial strategy. We start from the principal question asked by anyone involved in financial investments: Are the results obtained due to a correct interpretation of the market, or are they merely fortuitous? This is a plain question and it can be given an equally clear answer. The results obtained are due to a correct interpretation of the market if the probability of obtaining equal or better results randomly is very small (i.e. tends to zero as the number of times the strategy is used increases).
Category: Economics and Finance

[306] viXra:1811.0384 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-23 05:31:57

Pulsar Emission Gamma to X Rays

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 25 Pages.

Based on a new theoretical model, a team of scientists explored the rich data archive of ESA's XMM-Newton and NASA's Chandra space observatories to find pulsating X-ray emission from three sources. [21] CfA astronomer David James was a member of a large international team systematically searching for new gravitationally lensed quasars. [20] For the first time astronomers have detected gravitational waves from a merged, hyper-massive neutron star. [19] A group of scientists from the Niels Bohr Institute (NBI) at the University of Copenhagen will soon start developing a new line of technical equipment in order to dramatically improve gravitational wave detectors. [18] A global team of scientists, including two University of Mississippi physicists, has found that the same instruments used in the historic discovery of gravitational waves caused by colliding black holes could help unlock the secrets of dark matter, a mysterious and as-yet-unobserved component of the universe. [17] The lack of so-called " dark photons " in electron-positron collision data rules out scenarios in which these hypothetical particles explain the muon's magnetic moment. [16] By reproducing the complexity of the cosmos through unprecedented simulations, a new study highlights the importance of the possible behaviour of very high-energy photons. In their journey through intergalactic magnetic fields, such photons could be transformed into axions and thus avoid being absorbed. [15] Scientists have detected a mysterious X-ray signal that could be caused by dark matter streaming out of our Sun's core. Hidden photons are predicted in some extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics, and unlike WIMPs they would interact electromagnetically with normal matter. In particle physics and astrophysics, weakly interacting massive particles, or WIMPs, are among the leading hypothetical particle physics candidates for dark matter. The gravitational force attracting the matter, causing concentration of the matter in a small space and leaving much space with low matter concentration: dark matter and energy. There is an asymmetry between the mass of the electric charges, for example proton and electron, can understood by the asymmetrical Planck Distribution Law. This temperature dependent energy distribution is asymmetric around the maximum intensity, where the annihilation of matter and antimatter is a high probability event. The asymmetric sides are creating different frequencies of electromagnetic radiations being in the same intensity level and compensating each other. One of these compensating ratios is the electron – proton mass ratio. The lower energy side has no compensating intensity level, it is the dark energy and the corresponding matter is the dark matter.
Category: Astrophysics

[305] viXra:1811.0383 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-23 05:42:36

Supercomputer Accelerate Research

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 53 Pages.

A new supercomputer designed to speed up research on two of the UK's most important battery research projects has been installed at University College London (UCL). [37] Using micromagnetic simulation, scientists have found the magnetic parameters and operating modes for the experimental implementation of a fast racetrack memory module that runs on spin current, carrying information via skyrmionium, which can store more data and read it out faster. [36] Scientists at the RDECOM Research Laboratory, the Army's corporate research laboratory (ARL) have found a novel way to safeguard quantum information during transmission, opening the door for more secure and reliable communication for warfighters on the battlefield. [35] Encrypted quantum keys have been sent across a record-breaking 421 km of optical fibre at the fastest data rate ever achieved for long-distance transmission. [34] The companies constructed an application for data transmission via optical fiber lines, which when combined with high-speed quantum cryptography communications technologies demonstrated practical key distribution speeds even in a real-world environment. [33] Nanosized magnetic particles called skyrmions are considered highly promising candidates for new data storage and information technologies. [32]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[304] viXra:1811.0381 [pdf] replaced on 2020-07-01 12:25:53

A Combined Poincare and Conformal Lie Algebra

Authors: Richard Shurtleff
Comments: 14 pages

The Poincare and conformal groups are contenders for the most fundamental spacetime symmetry group. An 8-dimensional rep, putting two 4-spinors together, makes a suitable platform to install matrix representations of these two fundamental groups. But some of their generators do not commute, so new generators are introduced to keep the algebra closed. The combined algebra then has 37 basis generators, a dozen more than needed for the Poincare and conformal algebras. Interestingly, with two Lorentz subalgebras, one finds two distinct definitions of spin. For the adjoint representation, one set of Lorentz generators reduces to irreducible representations, all with integer spin. The other Lorentz group reduces to both integer and `half-integer' spin irreducible representations. Also, one finds that the various representations confirm the spin rules for matrix translation generators with the spins of both Lorentz subgroups.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[303] viXra:1811.0380 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-23 06:59:11

The Effect of Geological Structures on Groundwater in Sedimentary Formation of Abuja. Nigeria.

Authors: Adaji John Desmond
Comments: 22 Pages. The work is on Groundwater development

Abuja sedimentary formation is located within the southern part of the federal capital territory which house Abaji and Kwali area councils. This area was investigated for ground water potential using the effect of the rock structures to determine the hydrology components of the studied area. Geophysical method and geological method of exploration involving the vertical electrical sounding was employed to prospect for groundwater in the Abuja sedimentary Formations. Vertical electrical sounding using the Schlumberger electrode array configuration were deployed along traverses within the area. The soundings were conducted at seven locations .The qualitative analysis of the resistivity data identified relatively high conductive regions indicating possible aquifer zones. The quantitative interpretation of the modelled sounding curves delineated between five and seven subsurface layers at different location within the Formation. These layers were inferred to be the top soil, sandy-clay/clayey-sand, laterite and coarse sandstone. The modelled VES curves characterized the topsoil/weathered basement with resistivity range of 4 to 10Ωm with an estimated depth to basement ranging from 45 m to 120m. The results of the study confirm that the VES methods are very suitable for development of groundwater in these communities within Abuja sedimentary formation. Geophysical method combined with geological logging should hence, form an integral part of groundwater exploration programmes in solving problems associated with groundwater prospecting to locate potential aquifers for the supply of potable water to communities within this Formation.
Category: Geophysics

[302] viXra:1811.0379 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-23 09:09:17

A New Approach to the Climate Issue

Authors: Magnus Carlsson, Olof Andrén
Comments: 2 Pages.

What is an archive? Drawing inspiration from game theory and decision theory, we will here submit this concept to an informal logical analysis. The motive for this study is the use of the composite concept of 'natural archives' within environmental science. We believe that new approaches are necessary in the still chaotic climate issue.
Category: Climate Research

[301] viXra:1811.0377 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-23 09:22:44

Hallucinationer Och Sinnesfysiologi

Authors: Magnus Carlsson
Comments: 1 Page.

How should the word 'hallucination' be defined in a dictionary? A suggestion is given. How can general statements be made within sense physiology? A suggestion is given.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[300] viXra:1811.0375 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-23 13:09:18

Crustal Diameter vs. Total Diameter in Stellar Metamorphosis

Authors: Jeffrey Joseph Wolynski
Comments: 4 Pages. handwritten notes included

A paper is written to show that during stellar evolution according to stellar metamorphosis, the crustal diameter and the total diameter change in ways not predicted by the nebular hypothesis or plate tectonics. Explanation is provided.
Category: Geophysics

[299] viXra:1811.0373 [pdf] replaced on 2019-02-06 23:48:53

A Method for Detecting Lagrangian Coherent Structures (LCSs) using Fixed Wing Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS)

Authors: Peter J. Nolan, Hunter McClelland, Craig Woolsey, Shane D. Ross
Comments: 20 Pages.

The transport of material through the atmosphere is an issue with wide ranging implications for fields as diverse as agriculture, aviation, and human health. Due to the unsteady nature of the atmosphere, predicting how material will be transported via Earth's wind field is challenging. Lagrangian diagnostics, such as Lagrangian coherent structures (LCSs), have been used to discover the most significant regions of material collection or dispersion. However, Lagrangian diagnostics can be time consuming to calculate and often rely on weather forecasts that may not be completely accurate. Recently, Eulerian diagnostics have been developed which can provide indications of LCS and have computational advantages over their Lagrangian counterparts. In this paper, a methodology is developed for estimating local Eulerian diagnostics from wind velocity data measured by a fixed wing unmanned aircraft system (UAS) flying in circular arcs. Using a simulation environment, it is shown that the Eulerian diagnostic estimates from UAS measurements approximate the true local Eulerian diagnostics, therefore also predicting the passage of LCSs. This methodology requires only a single flying UAS, making it more easy to implement in the field than existing alternatives.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[298] viXra:1811.0372 [pdf] replaced on 2020-04-12 13:43:28

Probable Etymology of the Colours

Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 24 Pages. -

The probable etymology of colours is considered.
Category: Linguistics

[297] viXra:1811.0369 [pdf] replaced on 2018-12-26 01:15:00

Proceedings on Qualitative and Quantitative Psychology I

Authors: Johan Noldus
Comments: 42 Pages.

Quantum theory is extended towards the spiritual domain.
Category: Quantum Physics

[296] viXra:1811.0368 [pdf] replaced on 2018-12-26 01:16:56

Proceedings in Qualitative and Quantitative Psychology: Restrictions on Extra Senses.

Authors: Johan Noldus
Comments: 65 Pages.

Quantum theory is extended towards the spiritual domain.
Category: Quantum Physics

[295] viXra:1811.0367 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-24 02:47:01

The Semi-Pascal Triangle of Maximum Deng Entropy

Authors: Xiaozhuan Gao; Yong Deng
Comments: 11 Pages.

In D-S theory, measure the uncertainty has aroused many people’s attention. Deng proposed the interesting Deng entropy that it can measure non-specificity and discord. Hence, exploring the physical meaning of Deng entropy is an essential issue. Based the maximum Deng entropy and fractal, the paper discuss the relation in them.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[294] viXra:1811.0365 [pdf] replaced on 2018-11-24 07:20:19

On Making Books More Dynamic

Authors: Reza Hasanzadeh
Comments: 5 Pages.

The emergence of dynamic learning systems is inevitable. In a future not so distant from today reading tools have incorporated interactive elements that would have rendered the process of learning very rewarding.These systems are radically different from current reading tools in that they provide users with functionalities that try to act as the extensions of human brain. This note is an attempt to describe some elements of a (fictional) proto-humanity-first reading tool.
Category: Education and Didactics

[293] viXra:1811.0364 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-24 04:45:05

Einstein’s Mass-Energy Equivalence Relation: an Explanation in Terms of the Zitterbewegung

Authors: Jean Louis Van Belle
Comments: No. of pages includes title page and page with references

The radial velocity formula and the Planck-Einstein relation give us the zbw frequency (E = ħω = E/ħ) and zbw radius (a = c/ω = cħ/mc2 = ħ/mc) of the electron. We interpret this by noting that the c = aω identity gives us the E = mc2 = ma2ω2 equation, which suggests we should combine the total energy (kinetic and potential) of two harmonic oscillators to explain the electron mass. We do so by interpreting the elementary wavefunction as a two-dimensional (harmonic) electromagnetic oscillation in real space which drives the pointlike charge along the zbw current ring. This implies a dual view of the reality of the real and imaginary part of the wavefunction: 1.The x = a·cos(ωt) and y = a·sin(ωt) equations describe the motion of the pointlike charge. 2.As an electromagnetic oscillation, we write it as E = E·cos(ωt+π/2) + i·E·sin(ωt+π/2). The magnitudes of the oscillation a and E are expressed in distance (m) and force per unit charge (N/C) respectively and are related because the energy of both oscillations is one and the same. The model – which implies the energy of the oscillation and, therefore, the effective mass of the electron is spread over the zbw disk – offers an equally intuitive explanation for the angular momentum, magnetic moment and the g-factor of charged spin-1/2 particles. Most importantly, the model also offers us an intuitive interpretation of Einstein’s enigmatic mass-energy equivalence relation. Going from the stationary to the moving reference frame, we argue that the plane of the zbw oscillation should be parallel to the direction of motion so as to be consistent with the results of the Stern-Gerlach experiment.
Category: Quantum Physics

[292] viXra:1811.0363 [pdf] replaced on 2018-12-16 05:44:46

About Non-Closedness of the Three-Dimensional Navier-Stokes Equations System for the Viscous Incompressible Fluid

Authors: Preobrazhenskiy Andrey
Comments: 8 Pages. V2

In this paper it is shown that the system of four equations formed by three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations system for incompressible fluid and equation of continuity, is not closed, equation of continuity is excessive. This is because the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations system cannot have a bounded at infinity solutions to the Cauchy problem with a non-zero velocity field divergence.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[291] viXra:1811.0362 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-22 07:24:05

The Thermodynamic Properties of Zero Oscillations of a Homogeneous Universe Are Determined from Its Size.

Authors: Miheev Sergey Vladimirovich
Comments: 4 pages, book S.V. Miheev (2006) ISBN 5-9710-0074-8

It is shown that the zero-point energy determines 3⁄4 of the energy of a homogeneous universe. The zero-point temperature was calculated, which is close to the background radiation temperature. The problem of the cosmological constant is solved by wavelength quantization. The minimum wavelength is determined, which divides any wavelength by an integer number of parts.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[290] viXra:1811.0361 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-22 08:01:53

See a Black Hole

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 40 Pages.

In the shadowy regions of black holes two fundamental theories describing our world collide. Can these problems be resolved and do black holes really exist? First, we may have to see one and scientists are trying to do just this. [25] The authors suggest that this virtual reality simulation could be useful for studying black holes. [24] Every galaxy is thought to harbor a supermassive black hole in the center, or nucleus, of the galaxy, and in active galaxies this black hole is fed by infalling matter. [23] A new study by researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder finds that violent crashes may be more effective at activating black holes than more peaceful mergers. [22] For the first time, a team of astronomers has observed several pairs of galaxies in the final stages of merging together into single, larger galaxies. [21] In a cluster of some of the most massive and luminous HYPERLINK "https://phys.org/tags/stars/" stars in our galaxy, about 5,000 light years from Earth, astronomers detected particles being accelerated by a rapidly rotating neutron star as it passed by the massive star it orbits only once every 50 years. [20] For the first time astronomers have detected gravitational waves from a merged, hyper-massive neutron star. [19] A group of scientists from the Niels Bohr Institute (NBI) at the University of Copenhagen will soon start developing a new line of technical equipment in order to dramatically improve gravitational wave detectors. [18] A global team of scientists, including two University of Mississippi physicists, has found that the same instruments used in the historic discovery of gravitational waves caused by colliding black holes could help unlock the secrets of dark matter, a mysterious and as-yet-unobserved component of the universe. [17] The lack of so-called “dark photons” in electron-positron collision data rules out scenarios in which these hypothetical particles explain the muon’s magnetic moment. [16]
Category: Astrophysics

[289] viXra:1811.0360 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-22 08:24:17

Tricks of Quantum Technology

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 63 Pages.

A new test to spot where the ability to exploit the power of quantum mechanics has evolved in nature has been developed by physicists at the University of Warwick. [38] A team led by Austrian experimental physicist Rainer Blatt has succeeded in characterizing the quantum entanglement of two spatially separated atoms by observing their light emission. [37] Researchers have demonstrated the first quantum light-emitting diode (LED) that emits single photons and entangled photon pairs with a wavelength of around 1550 nm, which lies within the standard telecommunications window. [36]
Category: Quantum Physics

[288] viXra:1811.0358 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-22 09:31:27

Surprising Power of Small Data

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 53 Pages.

The power of the method Bayati and his colleagues outline is that it can be used to pursue multiple goals at once. [37] Using micromagnetic simulation, scientists have found the magnetic parameters and operating modes for the experimental implementation of a fast racetrack memory module that runs on spin current, carrying information via skyrmionium, which can store more data and read it out faster. [36] Scientists at the RDECOM Research Laboratory, the Army's corporate research laboratory (ARL) have found a novel way to safeguard quantum information during transmission, opening the door for more secure and reliable communication for warfighters on the battlefield. [35] Encrypted quantum keys have been sent across a record-breaking 421 km of optical fibre at the fastest data rate ever achieved for long-distance transmission. [34] The companies constructed an application for data transmission via optical fiber lines, which when combined with high-speed quantum cryptography communications technologies demonstrated practical key distribution speeds even in a real-world environment. [33] Nanosized magnetic particles called skyrmions are considered highly promising candidates for new data storage and information technologies. [32] They do this by using "excitons," electrically neutral quasiparticles that exist in insulators, semiconductors and in some liquids. [31] Researchers at ETH Zurich have now developed a method that makes it possible to couple such a spin qubit strongly to microwave photons. [30] Quantum dots that emit entangled photon pairs on demand could be used in quantum communication networks. [29] Researchers successfully integrated the systems—donor atoms and quantum dots. [28] A team of researchers including U of A engineering and physics faculty has developed a new method of detecting single photons, or light particles, using quantum dots. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26]
Category: Data Structures and Algorithms

[287] viXra:1811.0357 [pdf] replaced on 2018-11-28 03:57:18

A Factorial Identity Resulting from the Orthogonality Relation of the Associated Laguerre Polynomials

Authors: Spiros Konstantogiannis
Comments: 5 Pages.

Plugging the closed-form expression of the associated Laguerre polynomials into their orthogonality relation, the latter reduces to a factorial identity that takes a simple, non-trivial form for even-degree polynomials.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[286] viXra:1811.0356 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-22 10:27:41

DNA Twist Antibiotic Drug

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 37 Pages.

Scientists reveal how a 'molecular machine' in bacterial cells prevents fatal DNA twisting, which could be crucial in the development of new antibiotic treatments. [21] In new research, Hao Yan of Arizona State University and his colleagues describe an innovative DNA walker, capable of rapidly traversing a prepared track. [20] Just like any long polymer chain, DNA tends to form knots. Using technology that allows them to stretch DNA molecules and image the behavior of these knots, MIT researchers have discovered, for the first time, the factors that determine whether a knot moves along the strand or "jams" in place. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18] An LMU team now reveals the inner workings of a molecular motor made of proteins which packs and unpacks DNA. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15] Scientists from Moscow State University (MSU) working with an international team of researchers have identified the structure of one of the key regions of telomerase—a so-called "cellular immortality" ribonucleoprotein. [14] Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University used a light-sensitive iridium-palladium catalyst to make "sequential" polymers, using visible light to change how building blocks are combined into polymer chains. [13] Researchers have fused living and non-living cells for the first time in a way that allows them to work together, paving the way for new applications. [12] UZH researchers have discovered a previously unknown way in which proteins interact with one another and cells organize themselves. [11]
Category: Physics of Biology

[285] viXra:1811.0354 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-22 22:02:38

The Cosmos with the Success/failure System

Authors: Dong-Yih Bau
Comments: Pages. Journal-ref: IJASRM 3(12): 94-97 (2018). DOI:10.36282/IJASRM/3.12.2018.1044

The ancient Greeks saw the universe as a well-ordered system called the cosmos. Current scientific research seeks the cosmos in terms of a final theory, which remains in progress. By applying Einstein’s principle theory, we developed the success/failure system hypothesis (success/failure system) and recently made it available in the literature. Herein, we consider the cosmos subsequent to the existence of this hypothesis. After a brief introduction, we focus on two themes: the success/failure system principle and a final theory of our universe. A key message is that the success/failure system principle is a new universal biological principle identified in the twenty-first century, and the success/failure system hypothesis may need to be incorporated into a final theory of the life-laden universe.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[284] viXra:1811.0353 [pdf] replaced on 2018-12-10 00:27:31

Reflection and Acceleration Of Radio Wave

Authors: Eric Su
Comments: 4 Pages. All comments are welcome. Please include your email address and a short list of your publications.

The radio wave changes direction upon reflection. It also changes frequency if it is reflected by a moving surface. In the standing wave formed by the incident wave and the reflected wave, the formation of the nodes requires both waves to have the same wavelength. The nodes exist in all reference frames. This requires both the incident wave and the reflected wave to have the same wavelength in all reference frames. However, these two waves have different frequencies due to Doppler effect Therefore, these two waves travel at different speeds. Doppler radar is a good example. With two moving surfaces to reflect the radio wave between them, the radio wave can be accelerated if the distance between two reflective surfaces decreases with time.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[283] viXra:1811.0352 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-23 03:03:51

Failure of Complex Systems, Cascading Disasters, and the Onset of Disease

Authors: Anthony J Webster
Comments: 18 Pages.

Complex systems can fail through different routes, often progressing through a series of (rate-limiting) steps and modified by environmental exposures. The onset of disease, cancer in particular, is no different. A simple but very general mathematical framework is described for studying the failure of complex systems, or equivalently, the onset of disease. It includes the Armitage-Doll multi-stage cancer model as a particular case, and has potential to provide new insights into how diseases arise and progress. A method described by E.T. Jaynes is developed to provide an analytical solution for the models, and highlights connections between the convolution of Laplace transforms, sums of random samples, and Schwinger/Feynmann parameterisations. Examples include: exact solutions to the Armitage-Doll model, the sum of Gamma-distributed variables with integer-valued shape parameters, a clonal-growth cancer model, and a model for cascading disasters. The approach is sufficiently general to be used in many contexts, such as engineering, project management, disease progression, and disaster risk for example, allowing the estimation of failure rates in complex systems and projects. The intended result is a mathematical toolkit for the study of failure rates in complex systems and the onset of disease, cancer in particular.
Category: Quantitative Biology

[282] viXra:1811.0351 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-23 03:23:27

AI Improves Highway Safety

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 40 Pages.

Artificial intelligence is helping improve safety along a stretch of Las Vegas' busiest highway. [25] The New York Times contacted IBM Research in late September asking for our help to use AI in a clever way to create art for the coming special section on AI. [24] Granting human rights to a computer would degrade human dignity. [23] IBM researchers are developing a new computer architecture, better equipped to handle increased data loads from artificial intelligence. [22] A computer built to mimic the brain's neural networks produces similar results to that of the best brain-simulation supercomputer software currently used for neural-signaling research, finds a new study published in the open-access journal Frontiers in Neuroscience. [21] The possibility of cognitive nuclear-spin processing came to Fisher in part through studies performed in the 1980s that reported a remarkable lithium isotope dependence on the behavior of mother rats. [20]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[281] viXra:1811.0349 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-23 04:11:00

Protein the Origin of Asymmetry

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 39 Pages.

Asymmetry plays a major role in biology at every scale: think of DNA spirals, the fact that the human heart is positioned on the left, our preference to use our left or right hand ... [22] Scientists reveal how a 'molecular machine' in bacterial cells prevents fatal DNA twisting, which could be crucial in the development of new antibiotic treatments. [21] In new research, Hao Yan of Arizona State University and his colleagues describe an innovative DNA walker, capable of rapidly traversing a prepared track. [20]
Category: Physics of Biology

[280] viXra:1811.0347 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-23 05:14:39

Understand How DNA Works

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 41 Pages.

Today a large international consortium of researchers published a complex but important study looking at how DNA works in animals. [23] Asymmetry plays a major role in biology at every scale: think of DNA spirals, the fact that the human heart is positioned on the left, our preference to use our left or right hand ... [22] Scientists reveal how a 'molecular machine' in bacterial cells prevents fatal DNA twisting, which could be crucial in the development of new antibiotic treatments. [21] In new research, Hao Yan of Arizona State University and his colleagues describe an innovative DNA HYPERLINK "https://phys.org/tags/walker/" walker, capable of rapidly traversing a prepared track. [20] Just like any long polymer chain, DNA tends to form knots. Using technology that allows them to stretch DNA molecules and image the behavior of these knots, MIT researchers have discovered, for the first time, the factors that determine whether a knot moves along the strand or "jams" in place. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18] An LMU team now reveals the inner workings of a molecular motor made of proteins which packs and unpacks DNA. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15] Scientists from Moscow State University (MSU) working with an international team of researchers have identified the structure of one of the key regions of telomerase—a so-called "cellular immortality" ribonucleoprotein. [14] Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University used a light-sensitive iridium-palladium catalyst to make "sequential" polymers, using visible light to change how building blocks are combined into polymer chains. [13]
Category: Physics of Biology

[279] viXra:1811.0345 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-21 10:48:37

Quantum Cybersecurity Revolution

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 50 Pages.

Scientists at the RDECOM Research Laboratory, the Army's corporate research laboratory (ARL) have found a novel way to safeguard quantum information during transmission, opening the door for more secure and reliable communication for warfighters on the battlefield. [35] Encrypted quantum keys have been sent across a record-breaking 421 km of optical fibre at the fastest data rate ever achieved for long-distance transmission. [34] The companies constructed an application for data transmission via optical fiber lines, which when combined with high-speed quantum cryptography communications technologies demonstrated practical key distribution speeds even in a real-world environment. [33] Nanosized magnetic particles called skyrmions are considered highly promising candidates for new data storage and information technologies. [32] They do this by using "excitons," electrically neutral quasiparticles that exist in insulators, semiconductors and in some liquids. [31] Researchers at ETH Zurich have now developed a method that makes it possible to couple such a spin qubit strongly to microwave photons. [30] Quantum dots that emit entangled photon pairs on demand could be used in quantum communication networks. [29] Researchers successfully integrated the systems—donor atoms and quantum dots. [28] A team of researchers including U of A engineering and physics faculty has developed a new method of detecting single photons, or light particles, using quantum dots. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24]
Category: Quantum Physics

[278] viXra:1811.0344 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-21 11:16:28

Symmetry Breaking Optical Nonlinearity

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 51 Pages.

Second-order nonlinear optical processes play a pivotal role in both classical and quantum applications, ranging from extension of the accessible frequencies to generation of quantum entangled photon pairs and squeezed states. [36] Scientists at the RDECOM Research Laboratory, the Army's corporate research laboratory (ARL) have found a novel way to safeguard quantum information during transmission, opening the door for more secure and reliable communication for warfighters on the battlefield. [35] Encrypted quantum keys have been sent across a record-breaking 421 km of optical fibre at the fastest data rate ever achieved for long-distance transmission. [34] The companies constructed an application for data transmission via optical fiber lines, which when combined with high-speed quantum cryptography communications technologies demonstrated practical key distribution speeds even in a real-world environment. [33] Nanosized magnetic particles called skyrmions are considered highly promising candidates for new data storage and information technologies. [32] They do this by using "excitons," electrically neutral quasiparticles that exist in insulators, semiconductors and in some liquids. [31] Researchers at ETH Zurich have now developed a method that makes it possible to couple such a spin qubit strongly to microwave photons. [30] Quantum dots that emit entangled photon pairs on demand could be used in quantum communication networks. [29] Researchers successfully integrated the systems—donor atoms and quantum dots. [28] A team of researchers including U of A engineering and physics faculty has developed a new method of detecting single photons, or light particles, using quantum dots. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25]
Category: Quantum Physics

[277] viXra:1811.0343 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-21 11:45:54

Diode for Magnetic Fields

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 74 Pages.

Research led by a University of Sussex scientist has turned a 156-year-old law of physics on its head in a development which could lead to more efficient recharging of batteries in cars and mobile phones. [42] Using short laser pulses, a research team led by Misha Ivanov of the Max Born Institute in Berlin, together with scientists from the Russian Quantum Center in Moscow, has shed light on the extremely rapid processes taking place within these novel materials. [41] Trapping light with an optical version of a whispering gallery, researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have developed a nanoscale coating for solar cells that enables them to absorb about 20 percent more sunlight than uncoated devices. [40] A new study by researchers at the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST) may explain this disparity. In the work, the OIST researchers measured electrical current across a two-dimensional plane. [39] Femtosecond lasers are capable of processing any solid material with high quality and high precision using their ultrafast and ultra-intense characteristics. [38] To create the flying microlaser, the researchers launched laser light into a water-filled hollow core fiber to optically trap the microparticle. Like the materials used to make traditional lasers, the microparticle incorporates a gain medium. [37] Lasers that emit ultrashort pulses of light are critical components of technologies, including communications and industrial processing, and have been central to fundamental Nobel Prize-winning research in physics. [36] A newly developed laser technology has enabled physicists in the Laboratory for Attosecond Physics (jointly run by LMU Munich and the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics) to generate attosecond bursts of high-energy photons of unprecedented intensity. [35] The unique platform, which is referred as a 4-D microscope, combines the sensitivity and high time-resolution of phase imaging with the specificity and high spatial resolution of fluorescence microscopy. [34] The experiment relied on a soliton frequency comb generated in a chip-based optical microresonator made from silicon nitride. [33]
Category: Condensed Matter

[276] viXra:1811.0342 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-21 12:28:12

Quantum Theory of Dispersion of Light

Authors: Miroslav Pardy
Comments: 9 Pages. the original article

We derive the index of refraction of light from quantum theory of atoms and from the Dirac equation with the plane wave. The result is the integral a part of the mainstream of the quantum optics. The article involves also discussion on the possibility to create the electron-positron pairs during the Cherenkov process with the adequate intex of refraction.
Category: Quantum Physics

[275] viXra:1811.0341 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-21 12:50:52

Radical Brighter LED

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 75 Pages.

Scientists have discovered that semiconducting molecules with unpaired electrons, termed 'radicals' can be used to fabricate very efficient organic-light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), exploiting their quantum mechanical 'spin' property to overcome efficiency limitations for traditional, non-radical materials. [43] Research led by a University of Sussex scientist has turned a 156-year-old law of physics on its head in a development which could lead to more efficient recharging of batteries in cars and mobile phones. [42] Using short laser pulses, a research team led by Misha Ivanov of the Max Born Institute in Berlin, together with scientists from the Russian Quantum Center in Moscow, has shed light on the extremely rapid processes taking place within these novel materials. [41] Trapping light with an optical version of a whispering gallery, researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have developed a nanoscale coating for solar cells that enables them to absorb about 20 percent more sunlight than uncoated devices. [40] A new study by researchers at the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST) may explain this disparity. In the work, the OIST researchers measured electrical current across a two-dimensional plane. [39] Femtosecond lasers are capable of processing any solid material with high quality and high precision using their ultrafast and ultra-intense characteristics. [38] To create the flying microlaser, the researchers launched laser light into a water-filled hollow core fiber to optically trap the microparticle. Like the materials used to make traditional lasers, the microparticle incorporates a gain medium. [37] Lasers that emit ultrashort pulses of light are critical components of technologies, including communications and industrial processing, and have been central to fundamental Nobel Prize-winning research in physics. [36] A newly developed laser technology has enabled physicists in the Laboratory for Attosecond Physics (jointly run by LMU Munich and the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics) to generate attosecond bursts of high-energy photons of unprecedented intensity. [35]
Category: Quantum Physics

[274] viXra:1811.0340 [pdf] replaced on 2018-11-26 15:33:13

About the Relative Measure of the Space Time in Point Particles with Quantized Rest Mass According to Theory of Total Relativity

Authors: Pablo Hernan Pereyra
Comments: 4 Pages.

Is shown that according to the Theory of Total Relativity point particles with rest mass change the measure of time relative to the observer. Also is shown that the Photon have quantized rest mass as a limit value.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[273] viXra:1811.0339 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-21 14:52:31

1st Degree in Physics Needs 24 Years!! (My Story)

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 5 Pages.

The Fact is I have tried to receive bachelor degree in physics (1st degree) during 24 years (1994-2018) and till now I'm just student in 2nd Course – Physics Department – Faculty of Physics and Mathematics - Peoples' Friendship University …. I write this report as A Testimony Before The History
Category: Astrophysics

[272] viXra:1811.0338 [pdf] replaced on 2018-11-23 22:07:51

Theorem on the Congruence Speed of Tetration

Authors: Marco Ripà
Comments: 3 Pages.

We provide a preliminary proof of Ripà’s Conjecture 3 about the convergence speed of tetration, published in October 2018, which states that, for any natural number "v", exists (at least) another natural number "a", not a multiple of 10, such that V(a)=v, where V(a) represents the convergence speed of the tetration a^^b.
Category: Number Theory

[271] viXra:1811.0336 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-21 19:18:28

Мой ответ г. Терра (My Answer to Mr. Terra)

Authors: Robert Yusupov
Comments: 11 Pages. In Russian (please learn Russian) Robert Yusupov <©> Answer to Mr. Terra NOV 22 2018

В настоящей статье речь идёт о кванте материи. Квант материи, как представляется автору, является материальным «первокирпичиком» природы. ++++++++++++++++++ This article deals with a quantum of matter. The quantum of matter, as it seems to the author, is the material “primary brick” of nature.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[270] viXra:1811.0334 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-21 22:14:02

Creation and Schrodinger

Authors: Gene H. Barbee
Comments: 28 Pages. Please contact me at genebarbee@msn.com

The solution to a Schrodinger equation is the basis of a broad theory. The Dirac equation superseded the Schrodinger equation because it is relativistic and has 4 components that accurately represent half spin particles like the electron and quarks. This paper presents a way of making the Schrodinger equation relativistic. It has many components and is complex enough to represent the neutron, proton and electron but is general enough to help us understand nature. Our goal is to find clues related to creation. The Schrodinger equation described by MIT as unitary evolution [20] has a simple solution: Probability P=1 in the left hand side (LHS) of the Schrodinger equation is equal to the multiple of complex conjugate terms exp(iEt/H)*exp(-iEt/H) in the right hand side (RHS) where i is the imaginary number, H=Planck’s constant, E is field energy and time t is the time around a quantum circle at velocity C. (exp(iEt/H) stands for the natural number e to power iEt/H). Observation is fundamental to quantum mechanics and the Copenhagen interpretation indicates that we can only describe the probability of an event within certain limits. Shannon’s definition [9] of information (information = -natural logarithm(probability) will be used to explore the relationship between information and energy. Has something been separated in the multiple exp(iEt/H)*exp(-iEt/H)=1? The number 1 has been separated into two expressions that represent waves, but it is a dynamic separation; it repeatedly comes back to 1 as time moves forward. The idea that nature originates as a series of separations is an old idea, for example, recall that Genesis contains the words “So God made the expanse and separated the water under the expanse from the ... as Genesis 1:7 ends with the phrase 'from the water above it [the expanse]'. Another phrase from Genesis is “in the beginning was the word”. Consider a beginning with zero energy. This avoids the endless argument that things are made of other things, ad infinitum. Meaningful equal and opposite energy pairs come into existence at the same time but represent zero overall. Also consider probability one as a beginning condition. It simply means the universe exists.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[269] viXra:1811.0333 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-22 01:19:06

Concept of Fast Non-Volatile Memory

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 51 Pages.

Using micromagnetic simulation, scientists have found the magnetic parameters and operating modes for the experimental implementation of a fast racetrack memory module that runs on spin current, carrying information via skyrmionium, which can store more data and read it out faster. [36] Scientists at the RDECOM Research Laboratory, the Army's corporate research laboratory (ARL) have found a novel way to safeguard quantum information during transmission, opening the door for more secure and reliable communication for warfighters on the battlefield. [35] Encrypted quantum keys have been sent across a record-breaking 421 km of optical fibre at the fastest data rate ever achieved for long-distance transmission. [34] The companies constructed an application for data transmission via optical fiber lines, which when combined with high-speed quantum cryptography communications technologies demonstrated practical key distribution speeds even in a real-world environment. [33] Nanosized magnetic particles called skyrmions are considered highly promising candidates for new data storage and information technologies. [32] They do this by using "excitons," electrically neutral quasiparticles that exist in insulators, semiconductors and in some liquids. [31] Researchers at ETH Zurich have now developed a method that makes it possible to couple such a spin qubit strongly to microwave photons. [30] Quantum dots that emit entangled photon pairs on demand could be used in quantum communication networks. [29] Researchers successfully integrated the systems—donor atoms and quantum dots. [28] A team of researchers including U of A engineering and physics faculty has developed a new method of detecting single photons, or light particles, using quantum dots. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25]
Category: Quantum Physics

[268] viXra:1811.0328 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-22 03:58:13

Quantum Sound Waves Sensors

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 31 Pages.

In a first, scientists with the Institute for Molecular Engineering at the University of Chicago and Argonne National Laboratory have built a mechanical system—a tiny "echo chamber" for sound waves—that can be controlled at the quantum level, by connecting it to quantum circuits. [19] A team of researchers has devised a simple way to tune a hallmark quantum effect in graphene—the material formed from a single layer of carbon atoms—by bathing it in light. [18] Researchers from the University of Cambridge have taken a peek into the secretive domain of quantum mechanics. [17] Scientists at the University of Geneva (UNIGE), Switzerland, recently reengineered their data processing, demonstrating that 16 million atoms were entangled in a one-centimetre crystal. [15] The fact that it is possible to retrieve this lost information reveals new insight into the fundamental nature of quantum measurements, mainly by supporting the idea that quantum measurements contain both quantum and classical components. [14] Researchers blur the line between classical and quantum physics by connecting chaos and entanglement. [13] Yale University scientists have reached a milestone in their efforts to extend the durability and dependability of quantum information. [12] Using lasers to make data storage faster than ever. [11] Some three-dimensional materials can exhibit exotic properties that only exist in "lower" dimensions. For example, in one-dimensional chains of atoms that emerge within a bulk sample, electrons can separate into three distinct entities, each carrying information about just one aspect of the electron's identity—spin, charge, or orbit. The spinon, the entity that carries information about electron spin, has been known to control magnetism in certain insulating materials whose electron spins can point in any direction and easily flip direction. Now, a new study just published in Science reveals that spinons are also present in a metallic material in which the orbital movement of electrons around the atomic nucleus is the driving force behind the material's strong magnetism. [10] Currently studying entanglement in condensed matter systems is of great interest. This interest stems from the fact that some behaviors of such systems can only be explained with the aid of entanglement. [9] Researchers from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) and the University of Cambridge in the UK have demonstrated that it is possible to directly generate an electric current in a magnetic material by rotating its magnetization. [8] This paper explains the magnetic effect of the electric current from the observed effects of the accelerating electrons, causing naturally the experienced changes of the electric field potential along the electric wire. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the wave particle duality and the electron's spin also, building the bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The changing acceleration of the electrons explains the created negative electric field of the magnetic induction, the changing relativistic mass and the Gravitational Force, giving a Unified Theory of the physical forces. Taking into account the Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators also, we can explain the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions.
Category: Quantum Physics

[267] viXra:1811.0327 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-22 05:20:04

Relativistic Supersymmetric Atomic Model

Authors: Alfonso De Miguel
Comments: 16 Pages.

Thinking of the atom as a dual topological system of two intersected manifolds vibrating with the same or opposite phases, the submanifolds created by their intersection will be the subatomic particles of the nucleus shared by the dual atom, acting as fermions when the phases of variation of the intersecting manifolds are opposite and acting as bosons when those phases synchronize becoming equal. The quarks of the system - considered as the pushing forces caused by the displacement of the two intersecting manifolds while vibrating - will remain identical in the bosonic and fermionic times. The point of the intersection of the system, that also will remain the same during the whole phases of variation but moving left to right in the fermionic phase and upward and downward in the bosonic one, will be the point of convergence of all the fermionic and bosonic weak and strong interactions, constituting the structural unification of the gauge couplings.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[266] viXra:1811.0325 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-20 06:35:58

Elements 1: Some Integrals

Authors: Edgar Valdebenito
Comments: 2 Pages.

In this note we give some integrals.
Category: General Mathematics

[265] viXra:1811.0324 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-20 06:38:27

Elementary Fractals: Part II

Authors: Edgar Valdebenito
Comments: 113 Pages.

This note presents a collection of elementary Fractals.
Category: Geometry

[264] viXra:1811.0323 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-20 06:40:32

Neutrosophic Decision Making & Neutrosophic Decision Tree (Arabic Version).

Authors: A. A. Salama, Rafif Alhabib
Comments: 26 Pages.

In this research, we present neutrosophic decision-making, which is an extension of the classical decision-making process by expanding the data to cover the non-specific cases ignored by the classical logic, which in fact support the decision-making problem. The lack of information besides its inaccuracy is an important constraint affecting The effectiveness of the decision-making process, and we will rely on the decision tree model, which is one of the most powerful mathematical methods used to analyze many decisionmaking problems, where we extend it according to the neutrosophic logic by adding some indeterminate data (in the absence of probability) or by substituting the classical probabilities with the neutrosophic probabilities (in case of probability). We call this extended model the neutrosophic decision tree, which results in its use to reach the best decision among the available alternatives because it is based on data that is more general and accurate than the classical model.
Category: Statistics

[263] viXra:1811.0322 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-20 06:47:27

Quantum World Error Correction

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 49 Pages.

Sebastian Krinner is the first winner of the Lopez-Loreta Prize at ETH Zurich. The physicist has a clear goal: he wants to build a quantum computer that is not only powerful, but also works without errors. [35] Encrypted quantum keys have been sent across a record-breaking 421 km of optical fibre at the fastest data rate ever achieved for long-distance transmission. [34] The companies constructed an application for data transmission via optical fiber lines, which when combined with high-speed quantum cryptography communications technologies demonstrated practical key distribution speeds even in a real-world environment. [33] Nanosized magnetic particles called skyrmions are considered highly promising candidates for new data storage and information technologies. [32] They do this by using "excitons," electrically neutral quasiparticles that exist in insulators, semiconductors and in some liquids. [31]
Category: Quantum Physics

[262] viXra:1811.0321 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-20 07:51:37

Tiny Laser in Immune Cells

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 48 Pages.

A team of researchers from the School of Physics at the University of St Andrews have developed tiny lasers that could revolutionise our understanding and treatment of many diseases, including cancer. [27] Scientist have cast new light on the behaviour of tiny hair-like structures called cilia found on almost every cell in the body. [26] A Virginia Commonwealth University researcher has developed a procedure for identifying the source of cells present in a forensic biological sample that could change how cell types are identified in samples across numerous industries. [25] In work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland in College Park, researchers have devised and demonstrated a new way to measure free energy. [24] A novel technique developed by researchers at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) will help shine new light on biological questions by improving the quality and quantity of information that can be extracted in fluorescence microscopy. [23] Micro-computed tomography or "micro-CT" is X-ray imaging in 3-D, by the same method used in hospital CT (or "CAT") scans, but on a small scale with massively increased resolution. [22] A new experimental method permits the X-ray analysis of amyloids, a class of large, filamentous biomolecules which are an important hallmark of diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. [12] Thumb through any old science textbook, and you'll likely find RNA described as little more than a means to an end, a kind of molecular scratch paper used to construct the proteins encoded in DNA. [20] Just like any long polymer chain, DNA tends to form knots. Using technology that allows them to stretch DNA molecules and image the behavior of these knots, MIT researchers have discovered, for the first time, the factors that determine whether a knot moves along the strand or "jams" in place. [19]
Category: Physics of Biology

[261] viXra:1811.0320 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-20 09:10:58

New Multiplication Algorithm.

Authors: Zeolla Gabriel Martín
Comments: 9 Pages. English language

This paper develops a new multiplication algorithm that works absolutely with all the numbers.
Category: Number Theory

[260] viXra:1811.0319 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-20 09:37:19

AI and Optoelectronics

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 53 Pages.

Using machine-learning and an integrated photonic chip, researchers from INRS (Canada) and the University of Sussex (UK) can now customize the properties of broadband light sources. [31] A team of EPFL scientists has now written a machine-learning program that can predict, in record time, how atoms will respond to an applied magnetic field. [30] Researchers from the University of Luxembourg, Technische Universität Berlin, and the Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society have combined machine learning and quantum mechanics to predict the dynamics and atomic interactions in molecules. [29] For the first time, physicists have demonstrated that machine learning can reconstruct a quantum system based on relatively few experimental measurements. [28] AlphaZero plays very unusually; not like a human, but also not like a typical computer. Instead, it plays with "real artificial" intelligence. [27] Predictions for an AI-dominated future are increasingly common, but Antoine Blondeau has experience in reading, and arguably manipulating, the runes—he helped develop technology that evolved into predictive texting and Apple's Siri. [26] Artificial intelligence can improve health care by analyzing data from apps, smartphones and wearable technology. [25] Now, researchers at Google's DeepMind have developed a simple algorithm to handle such reasoning—and it has already beaten humans at a complex image comprehension test. [24] A marimba-playing robot with four arms and eight sticks is writing and playing its own compositions in a lab at the Georgia Institute of Technology. The pieces are generated using artificial intelligence and deep learning. [23] Now, a team of researchers at MIT and elsewhere has developed a new approach to such computations, using light instead of electricity, which they say could vastly improve the speed and efficiency of certain deep learning computations. [22] Physicists have found that the structure of certain types of quantum learning algorithms is very similar to their classical counterparts—a finding that will help scientists further develop the quantum versions. [21]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[259] viXra:1811.0318 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-20 09:58:43

Smartphone Stopping Cancer

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 50 Pages.

Using an affordable, portable device that attaches to a smartphone, a University of Arizona researcher and his collaborators hope to save lives in rural Africa. [28] A team of researchers from the School of Physics at the University of St Andrews have developed tiny lasers that could revolutionise our understanding and treatment of many diseases, including cancer. [27] Scientist have cast new light on the behaviour of tiny hair-like structures called cilia found on almost every cell in the body. [26] A Virginia Commonwealth University researcher has developed a procedure for identifying the source of cells present in a forensic biological sample that could change how cell types are identified in samples across numerous industries. [25] In work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland in College Park, researchers have devised and demonstrated a new way to measure free energy. [24] A novel technique developed by researchers at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) will help shine new light on biological questions by improving the quality and quantity of information that can be extracted in fluorescence microscopy. [23] Micro-computed tomography or "micro-CT" is X-ray imaging in 3-D, by the same method used in hospital CT (or "CAT") scans, but on a small scale with massively increased resolution. [22] A new experimental method permits the X-ray analysis of amyloids, a class of large, filamentous biomolecules which are an important hallmark of diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. [12] Thumb through any old science textbook, and you'll likely find RNA described as little more than a means to an end, a kind of molecular scratch paper used to construct the proteins encoded in DNA. [20]
Category: Physics of Biology

[258] viXra:1811.0317 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-20 10:50:44

Quantum Adiabatic and Circuit Equivalent

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 50 Pages.

Practical quantum computers could be one step closer thanks to physicists in China, who have published a rigorous proof that “quantum circuit” algorithms can be transformed into algorithms that can be executed at the same running time on adiabatic quantum computers. [36] Sebastian Krinner is the first winner of the Lopez-Loreta Prize at ETH Zurich. The physicist has a clear goal: he wants to build a quantum computer that is not only powerful, but also works without errors. [35] Encrypted quantum keys have been sent across a record-breaking 421 km of optical fibre at the fastest data rate ever achieved for long-distance transmission. [34] The companies constructed an application for data transmission via optical fiber lines, which when combined with high-speed quantum cryptography communications technologies demonstrated practical key distribution speeds even in a real-world environment. [33] Nanosized magnetic particles called skyrmions are considered highly promising candidates for new data storage and information technologies. [32] They do this by using "excitons," electrically neutral quasiparticles that exist in insulators, semiconductors and in some liquids. [31]
Category: Quantum Physics

[257] viXra:1811.0316 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-20 11:11:32

Electrons Inside Ceramic Crystals

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 42 Pages.

A team of researchers from Canada, France and Poland has found that electrons inside of some ceramic crystals appear to dissipate in a surprising, yet familiar way—possibly a clue to the reason for the odd behavior of "strange metals." [30] To provide the data necessary to improve these products, a team of engineers and scientists from the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) have developed a new pinhole-based diffraction technique they call PIND. [29] Tensorial neutron tomography promises new insights into superconductors, battery electrodes and other energy-related materials. [28] CERN's nuclear physics facility, ISOLDE, has minted a new coin in its impressive collection of isotopes. [27] In the case of several light nuclei, experimental confirmation of the individualism or family nature of nucleons will now be simpler, thanks to predictions presented by Polish physicists from Cracow and Kielce. [26] The identification of the magic number of six provides an avenue to investigate the origin of spin–orbit splittings in atomic nuclei. [25] Now, physicists are working toward getting their first CT scans of the inner workings of the nucleus. [24] The process of the sticking together of quarks, called hadronisation, is still poorly understood. [23] In experimental campaigns using the OMEGA EP laser at (MIT) researchers took radiographs of the shock front, similar to the X-ray radiology in hospitals with protons instead of X-rays. [22] Researchers generate proton beams using a combination of nanoparticles and laser light. [21] Devices based on light, rather than electrons, could revolutionize the speed and security of our future computers. However, one of the major challenges in today's physics is the design of photonic devices, able to transport and switch light through circuits in a stable way. [20]
Category: Condensed Matter

[256] viXra:1811.0315 [pdf] replaced on 2019-06-12 16:49:08

Kaluza Hypothesis as a Key to the “hidden” Geometry of Quantum Electrodynamics

Authors: Victor Paromov
Comments: 6 Pages.

This letter attempts to show that the Kaluza hypothesis of the five-dimensional (5D) spacetime (in Klein’s interpretation and absence of the cylinder condition) is sufficient to explain the quantum electrodynamics (QED). It is a short version of the article “Fractal Structure of the Spacetime, the Fundamentally Broken Symmetry” (http://vixra.org/abs/1806.0181) written as an attempt to start a discussion in the physics community. To author’s regret, it has been rejected by Nature Physics on 9/24/2018 and by arxiv.org (gr-qc) on 10/23/18 in spite of the endorsement from Dr. S. M. Kopeikin.
Category: Quantum Physics

[255] viXra:1811.0314 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-20 13:44:12

Abstract of the Unified Field Theory

Authors: John A. Gowan
Comments: 7 Pages. new and long abstract summarizes work

The conceptual basis of the Unified Field Theory as presented in these pages may be deduced from "Noether's Theorem": The charges of matter are symmetry debts of light.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[254] viXra:1811.0313 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-20 16:22:23

The Moon Motion Trajectory

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 11 Pages.

The Moon Motion Trajectory Abstract I suppose that, The whole solar group is consisted from light beams and these light beams are reflected into Earth Moon Orbit with smaller rate (as the convex mirror), so each light beam is reflected inside the moon orbit in smaller form. Based on that, the moon orbit is consisted of the reflected light beams (Energy), If this energy is similar to a sea water, so the moon is similar to a paper boat moves on this water. (i.e. the moon is indicator of Energy Passing Process) This provides us with 2 important conclusions 1.The Moon motion shows all actions and motions in the solar group (as a mirror shows all the room furniture) 2.The Moon motion changes shows greater changes are found in the solar group
Category: Astrophysics

[253] viXra:1811.0312 [pdf] replaced on 2019-03-09 19:11:09

A Model of an Electron Including Two Perfect Black Bodies

Authors: Satoshi Hanamura
Comments: 13 Pages.

This paper modifies two significant points of existing quantum electrodynamics. First, the image of a virtual photon is replaced with a real one, i.e., till date, we consider virtual photon as being capable of exchanging its energy between two particles along with self interaction, and that it is a transient fluctuation. We shall change this definition such that what we call “an electron” would include two bare electrons and these two would interact within a real photon. The virtual photon in this study is the same as the real photon which is not to observe, but difference from traditional virtual photon because the re-imaged virtual photon would exist continuously not temporally. Second, it is assumed that the bare electron is a perfect black body. To meet the constraints of charge conservation, a virtual photon must include two bare electrons. There is a temperature gradient between the two because the two particles alternate between behaving as emitters and absorbers. The proposed study extends this model by considering that an electron comprises two blinking bare electrons and at least one real photon by exchanging the energies within the three. Consequently, we attempt to create an electron model that exhibits spinor behavior by setting and modifying a trigonometric function which could periodically achieve the value of zero-point energy.
Category: Quantum Physics

[252] viXra:1811.0311 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-20 21:36:07

Astrophysical Applications of Yilmaz Gravity Theory

Authors: Stanley L. Robertson
Comments: 36 pages, 1 Figure

Huseyin Yilmaz proposed the form of a theory of gravitation (Yilmaz 1958, 1971) that has later been shown to present only minor conceptual change for Einstein's General Relativity. The primary effect of the change is to modify terms of second order in the gravitational potential or its derivatives. Since most of the weak field tests that have been taken as confirmation of General Relativity are of first order, the Yilmaz theory continues to pass all of these tests, but there are some interesting effects of the higher order terms that arise in the Yilmaz theory. These corrections move the metric singularity back to the location of a point particle source. This eliminates the black hole event horizon and permits the existence of intrinsic magnetic moments for stellar mass black hole candidates and supermassive AGN. It is shown here that the same second order corrections also eliminate the need for cosmological ``dark energy". Additional considerations dicussed here show that the Yilmaz theory correctly encompasses all of the major observational tests that must be satisfied by an acceptable relativistic gravity theory.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[251] viXra:1811.0310 [pdf] replaced on 2018-11-25 06:15:59

A General Definition of Division in a Field

Authors: Hiroshi Okumura
Comments: 2 Pages.

The historical definition of division by zero given by Brahmagupta is correct.
Category: Algebra

[250] viXra:1811.0309 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-19 06:55:21

The History of Temporal Elasticity

Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 5 Pages.

a humorous brief outline of my personal journey with temporal elasticity and antimatter
Category: History and Philosophy of Physics

[249] viXra:1811.0308 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-19 07:29:27

Virtual Reality of Black Hole

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 32 Pages.

The authors suggest that this virtual reality simulation could be useful for studying black holes. [24] Every galaxy is thought to harbor a supermassive black hole in the center, or nucleus, of the galaxy, and in active galaxies this black hole is fed by infalling matter. [23] A new study by researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder finds that violent crashes may be more effective at activating black holes than more peaceful mergers. [22] For the first time, a team of astronomers has observed several pairs of galaxies in the final stages of merging together into single, larger galaxies. [21] In a cluster of some of the most massive and luminous stars in our galaxy, about 5,000 light years from Earth, astronomers detected particles being accelerated by a rapidly rotating neutron star as it passed by the massive star it orbits only once every 50 years. [20] For the first time astronomers have detected gravitational waves from a merged, hyper-massive neutron star. [19] A group of scientists from the Niels Bohr Institute (NBI) at the University of Copenhagen will soon start developing a new line of technical equipment in order to dramatically improve gravitational wave detectors. [18] A global team of scientists, including two University of Mississippi physicists, has found that the same instruments used in the historic discovery of gravitational waves caused by colliding black holes could help unlock the secrets of dark matter, a mysterious and as-yet-unobserved component of the universe. [17] The lack of so-called " dark photons " in electron-positron collision data rules out scenarios in which these hypothetical particles explain the muon's magnetic moment. [16] By reproducing the complexity of the cosmos through unprecedented simulations, a new study highlights the importance of the possible behaviour of very high-energy photons. In their journey through intergalactic magnetic fields, such photons could be transformed into axions and thus avoid being absorbed. [15] Scientists have detected a mysterious X-ray signal that could be caused by dark matter streaming out of our Sun's core. Hidden photons are predicted in some extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics, and unlike WIMPs they would interact electromagnetically with normal matter. In particle physics and astrophysics, weakly interacting massive particles, or WIMPs, are among the leading hypothetical particle physics candidates for dark matter. The gravitational force attracting the matter, causing concentration of the matter in a small space and leaving much space with low matter concentration: dark matter and energy. There is an asymmetry between the mass of the electric charges, for example proton and electron, can understood by the asymmetrical Planck Distribution Law. This temperature dependent energy distribution is asymmetric around the maximum intensity, where the annihilation of matter and antimatter is a high probability event. The asymmetric sides are creating different frequencies of electromagnetic radiations being in the same intensity level and compensating each other. One of these compensating ratios is the electron – proton mass ratio. The lower energy side has no compensating intensity level, it is the dark energy and the corresponding matter is the dark matter.
Category: Astrophysics

[248] viXra:1811.0306 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-19 09:04:47

Quasars Gravitationally Lensed

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 22 Pages.

CfA astronomer David James was a member of a large international team systematically searching for new gravitationally lensed quasars. [20] For the first time astronomers have detected gravitational waves from a merged, hyper-massive neutron star. [19] A group of scientists from the Niels Bohr Institute (NBI) at the University of Copenhagen will soon start developing a new line of technical equipment in order to dramatically improve gravitational wave detectors. [18] A global team of scientists, including two University of Mississippi physicists, has found that the same instruments used in the historic discovery of gravitational waves caused by colliding black holes could help unlock the secrets of dark matter, a mysterious and as-yet-unobserved component of the universe. [17] The lack of so-called " dark photons " in electron-positron collision data rules out scenarios in which these hypothetical particles explain the muon's magnetic moment. [16] By reproducing the complexity of the cosmos through unprecedented simulations, a new study highlights the importance of the possible behaviour of very high-energy photons. In their journey through intergalactic magnetic fields, such photons could be transformed into axions and thus avoid being absorbed. [15] Scientists have detected a mysterious X-ray signal that could be caused by dark matter streaming out of our Sun's core. Hidden photons are predicted in some extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics, and unlike WIMPs they would interact electromagnetically with normal matter. In particle physics and astrophysics, weakly interacting massive particles, or WIMPs, are among the leading hypothetical particle physics candidates for dark matter. The gravitational force attracting the matter, causing concentration of the matter in a small space and leaving much space with low matter concentration: dark matter and energy. There is an asymmetry between the mass of the electric charges, for example proton and electron, can understood by the asymmetrical Planck Distribution Law. This temperature dependent energy distribution is asymmetric around the maximum intensity, where the annihilation of matter and antimatter is a high probability event. The asymmetric sides are creating different frequencies of electromagnetic radiations being in the same intensity level and compensating each other. One of these compensating ratios is the electron – proton mass ratio. The lower energy side has no compensating intensity level, it is the dark energy and the corresponding matter is the dark matter.
Category: Astrophysics

[247] viXra:1811.0305 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-19 09:46:36

X-ray Microscopy 10 Times Faster

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 51 Pages.

Now, scientists at the National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II)—a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility at DOE's Brookhaven National Laboratory—have developed a TXM that can image samples 10 times faster than previously possible. [36] In a new study published Aug. 17 in Nature Communications, Nemsak, Fadley, Schneider and colleagues demonstrate the use of new techniques in X-ray spectroscopy to illuminate the internal structure of manganese-doped gallium arsenide. [35] With the publication of the first experimental measurements performed at the facility, the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser (EuXFEL) has passed another critical milestone since its launch in September 2017. [34] Purdue University researchers are developing a novel biomedical imaging system that combines optical and ultrasound technology to improve diagnosis of life-threatening diseases. [33] Heart scans for patients with chest pains could save thousands of lives in the UK, research suggests. [32] Unnecessary heart procedures can be avoided with a non-invasive test, according to late breaking research presented today at ESC Congress 2018 and published in Journal of the American College of Cardiology. [31] Now, Columbia University researchers report a new way to zoom in at the tiniest scales to track changes within individual cells. [30] One of the main challenges in tissue engineering today is to create a complete network of blood vessels and capillaries throughout an artificial tissue. [29] Scientists from the University of Freiburg have developed materials systems that are composed of biological components and polymer materials and are capable of perceiving and processing information. [28] Nanotechnology may provide an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease, a team of researchers suggests. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26]
Category: Quantum Physics

[246] viXra:1811.0304 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-19 10:12:22

Monitoring Cell Division

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 47 Pages.

Scientist have cast new light on the behaviour of tiny hair-like structures called cilia found on almost every cell in the body. [26] A Virginia Commonwealth University researcher has developed a procedure for identifying the source of cells present in a forensic biological sample that could change how cell types are identified in samples across numerous industries. [25] In work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland in College Park, researchers have devised and demonstrated a new way to measure free energy. [24] A novel technique developed by researchers at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) will help shine new light on biological questions by improving the quality and quantity of information that can be extracted in fluorescence microscopy. [23] Micro-computed tomography or "micro-CT" is X-ray imaging in 3-D, by the same method used in hospital CT (or "CAT") scans, but on a small scale with massively increased resolution. [22] A new experimental method permits the X-ray analysis of amyloids, a class of large, filamentous biomolecules which are an important hallmark of diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. [12] Thumb through any old science textbook, and you'll likely find RNA described as little more than a means to an end, a kind of molecular scratch paper used to construct the proteins encoded in DNA. [20] Just like any long polymer chain, DNA tends to form knots. Using technology that allows them to stretch DNA molecules and image the behavior of these knots, MIT researchers have discovered, for the first time, the factors that determine whether a knot moves along the strand or "jams" in place. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18]
Category: Physics of Biology

[245] viXra:1811.0302 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-19 10:58:07

A New Approach in Content-Based Image Retrieval Neutrosophic Domain

Authors: A. A. Salama, Mohamed Eisa, Hewayda ElGhawalby, A. E. Fawzy
Comments: 10 Pages.

Theaimofthischapteristopresenttexturefeaturesforimagesembedded in the neutrosophic domain with Hesitancy degree. Hesitancy degree is the fourth component of neutrosophic sets. The goal is to extract a set of features to represent the content of each image in the training database to be used for the purpose of retrieving images from the database similar to the image under consideration.
Category: Data Structures and Algorithms

[244] viXra:1811.0299 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-19 11:44:38

General Relativity Toward Unification

Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 3 Pages.

a brief discussion about the unification of forces in theoretical physics from Relativity based on engineering concepts
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[243] viXra:1811.0297 [pdf] replaced on 2018-12-11 21:14:30

Quantum Bang Theory

Authors: Seamus McCelt
Comments: 16 Pages.


FOUR AMAZING BIG BANG FACTS

● Big Bang: Everything in the entire universe was initially schmooshed into something the size of a proton ready to expand.
● Expansion: When the universe expands - nothing is actually moving - only space is stretching. More and more "space" is being magically created out of nothing.
● No Center: Even though they claim the universe is a certain size - they claim there is NO center - and everything everywhere is expanding equally away from everything else.
● Four: Everyone believes 1, 2 and 3.

You have to be a new kind of gullible to believe all of those things, correct? Maybe not, it is all actually true - but for different reasons.

The fabric of space is created from expansion of neutrinos - The Microcosmic Boom.
The neutrino "decay" is continually adding more & more "space" to the already existing mesh - but nothing matter-wise is actually moving.
A neutrino ● can expand - Quantum Boom - into one unit of fabric-of-space ∗
The same thing happened everywhere and is still happening everywhere now.
This is also why the CMB is smooth
Category: Astrophysics

[242] viXra:1811.0292 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-18 05:41:27

Black Holes Play Hide-and-Seek

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 31 Pages.

Every galaxy is thought to harbor a supermassive black hole in the center, or nucleus, of the galaxy, and in active galaxies this black hole is fed by infalling matter. [23] A new study by researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder finds that violent crashes may be more effective at activating black holes than more peaceful mergers. [22] For the first time, a team of astronomers has observed several pairs of galaxies in the final stages of merging together into single, larger galaxies. [21] In a cluster of some of the most massive and luminous stars in our galaxy, about 5,000 light years from Earth, astronomers detected particles being accelerated by a rapidly rotating neutron star as it passed by the massive star it orbits only once every 50 years. [20] For the first time astronomers have detected gravitational waves from a merged, hyper-massive neutron star. [19] A group of scientists from the Niels Bohr Institute (NBI) at the University of Copenhagen will soon start developing a new line of technical equipment in order to dramatically improve gravitational wave detectors. [18] A global team of scientists, including two University of Mississippi physicists, has found that the same instruments used in the historic discovery of gravitational waves caused by colliding black holes could help unlock the secrets of dark matter, a mysterious and as-yet-unobserved component of the universe. [17] The lack of so-called " dark photons " in electron-positron collision data rules out scenarios in which these hypothetical particles explain the muon's magnetic moment. [16] By reproducing the complexity of the cosmos through unprecedented simulations, a new study highlights the importance of the possible behaviour of very high-energy photons. In their journey through intergalactic magnetic fields, such photons could be transformed into axions and thus avoid being absorbed. [15] Scientists have detected a mysterious X-ray signal that could be caused by dark matter streaming out of our Sun's core. Hidden photons are predicted in some extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics, and unlike WIMPs they would interact electromagnetically with normal matter. In particle physics and astrophysics, weakly interacting massive particles, or WIMPs, are among the leading hypothetical particle physics candidates for dark matter. The gravitational force attracting the matter, causing concentration of the matter in a small space and leaving much space with low matter concentration: dark matter and energy. There is an asymmetry between the mass of the electric charges, for example proton and electron, can understood by the asymmetrical Planck Distribution Law. This temperature dependent energy distribution is asymmetric around the maximum intensity, where the annihilation of matter and antimatter is a high probability event. The asymmetric sides are creating different frequencies of electromagnetic radiations being in the same intensity level and compensating each other. One of these compensating ratios is the electron – proton mass ratio. The lower energy side has no compensating intensity level, it is the dark energy and the corresponding matter is the dark matter.
Category: Astrophysics

[241] viXra:1811.0290 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-18 08:15:32

Press or Expanding Force on a Charged Object Located in a Special Zero Electric Field

Authors: Yannan Yang
Comments: 3 Pages.

In this paper, combining Newton’s third law, the interaction conditions are analyzed for the system that a negative charged conductor ball is located inside a uniformly negative charged spherical shell. Under the premise of not violating Newton’s third law, interesting phenomena are predicted. They are against current widely accepted recognition in electrostatics, such as a non-zero electric field exists in a charged conductor under the special electrostatic equilibrium.
Category: Classical Physics

[240] viXra:1811.0289 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-18 09:39:36

The Mathematical Octal Numbering System(not Computing Numbering System)

Authors: Adham Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed
Comments: 1 Page. ty

In this paper we will talk about I numbering system I want to invent which is based on the knowledge of true and false being 1 and 0 (true and false) Lets take a look at our hands it has 10 fingers which uses the decimal system its ok Lets take out the true and false which are the 1 and 0 (one and zero) from the decimal system leaving eight numbers which are 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 but first lets take a look at how I thought of this These are 10 mathematical stuff made from 1 and 0 or the true and false below 1*1/1*1=1(true fact or something) 1*0/1*1=0 0*1/1*1=0 0*0/1*1=0 1*1/0*0=not understood 1*1/1*0=not understood 1*1/0*1=not understood 0*1/0*0=not understood 1*0/0*0= not understood 0*0/0*0= totally not understood When looking at this you see that if you take the true and false which are 1*1/1*1=1 and 0*0/0*0=totally not understood you are left with 8 of the 10 Now to see how you can apply this new numbering system you should look at what follows Lets start counting in this numbering system with 2 and end with 8 so we say 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Lets do this mathematical trick 2*3*4*5/6=120/6=20 which is 2*10=20 Lets try an easier one which is 3*4*5/6=60/6=10 you see the trick? Adding a truth to false and another truth(which is my theory!!!!) which all amounts to 3 (2 truths and one false) which starts with 3 in this one you get to the numbering system in your hand or 10 in the second easier mathematical trick and also in the mathematical trick starting with 2 ends with 20 which when divided by 10 you get 2 which is the number you started with!!!!!
Category: Mathematical Physics

[239] viXra:1811.0288 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-18 11:45:11

Proof that a Data Set that Conforms to Benford's Law is not Always Sum Invariant with Respect to the First Digits

Authors: Robert C. Hall
Comments: 20 Pages.

The summation test consists of adding all numbers that begin with a particular first digit or first two digits and determining its distribution with respect to these first or first two digits numbers. Most people familiar with this test believe that the distribution is a uniform distribution for any distribution that conforms to Benford's law i.e. the distribution of the mantissas of the logarithm of the data set is uniform U[0,1). The summation test that results in a uniform distribution is true for an exponential function (geometric progression) i.e. y = a exp(kt) but not necessarily true for other data sets that conform exactly to Benford'a law.
Category: Number Theory

[238] viXra:1811.0287 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-18 11:35:35

Dante ALIGHERI’S “AMOR, CH’A Nullo AMATO…”: an “EX NIHILO” Account of “A NULLO”

Authors: Arturo Tozzi
Comments: 2 Pages.

In this brief technical note, we propose a different interpretation of the renewed verse of Dante Alighieri’s “Hell”: “Amor, ch’a nullo amato amar perdona”. We go through the hypothesis that “a nullo” might stand from the Latin “ex nihilo”, which means “from nothingness”, and discuss the philosophical and textual implications of this novel account.
Category: Education and Didactics

[237] viXra:1811.0286 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-18 15:04:25

Noetics Explains the Gays

Authors: Ricky Amaroso
Comments: 1 Page.

The gays are caused by wormholes interacting with marshmellows and consciousness across several spacetime dimensions.
Category: Mind Science

[236] viXra:1811.0284 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-18 18:11:17

Antimatter and the Big Bang

Authors: James Conor O'Brien
Comments: 21 Pages.

It is suggested that in the neighbourhood of the Big Bang at point P(0) a matter-antimatter differential forms due to reflection of antimatter off the wall of an infinite, spatially shifting, potential well. Firstly the width of the potential well of a scalar field (Phi) undergoes oscillation due to Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle ranging from zero to infinity; secondly, that there is a probability also due to quantum uncertainty for an infinite sea matter and antimatter particle-pairs to spontaneously arise in the neighbourhood of the wall; and thirdly due to the Feynman-Stueckelberg Interpretation of the direction of Time being in the positive direction from P(0), that matter will move along the axis of Time away from P(0) and antimatter will move the axis of Time towards P(0). This leads to the suggestion that antimatter will reflect off P(0) to return in the positive time direction - thus turning the antimatter of the universe into matter in a process akin to the Dynamical Casimir Effect. It is then suggested that this instantiation of matter inflates the volume of the universe around P(0) and decreases the energy density of the universe, which in turn conflates another generation of matter and antimatter on the surface of that volume. Thus there should exist an epoch in the formation of the universe where purely matter is ejected from P(0) and the energy density of the universe diminishes. Furthermore since the reflected fermionic antimatter collides with its matter partner under Lorentz covariance the ejected matter must be On-Mass Shell. This "inflation through conflation" continues until the overall energy density of matter of the Universe diminishes to the level where matter and antimatter is no longer conflated, and the Universe stabilizes into present era Physics.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[235] viXra:1811.0283 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-18 20:46:54

To Divide by Zero is to Multiply by Zero

Authors: Hiroshi Okumura
Comments: 1 Page.

A remark of the definition of division by zero is given.
Category: Algebra

[234] viXra:1811.0282 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-18 21:44:13

Beal Conjecture as a General Form of Fermat's Last Theorem

Authors: Stefan Bereza
Comments: 4 Pages.

Fermat's Last Theorem (FLT) x^p + y^p = z^p could be seen as a special case of more generalized Beal's Conjecture (BC) x^m + y^n = z^r. Those equations are impossible when x, y and z are natural numbers and coprimes and {p, m, n, r}> = 3; if m = n = r (= p), then it is FLT; if not, Beal's Conjecture. In BC, if x, y and z are integers and have a common factor, they can be measured (without rest) with this factor as a common unit - making x, y and z in the equation rational to each other. FLT can be proved with proving irrationality of triangles inscribed into an ellipse whose sides x, y and z represent the Fermat's equation x^p + y^p = z^p ; here, for x, y and z a common unit cannot be found. The BC equation x^m + y^n = z^r (without a common factor) can be simplified to the Fermat's equation x^p + y^p = z^p which - at the lacking common unit - makes x, y and z impossible to be all rational to each other.
Category: Number Theory

[233] viXra:1811.0281 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-19 04:01:17

Arithmetic of Analysis II

Authors: Fayowole David Ayadi
Comments: 2 Pages.

This work is an alternate method of evaluating absolute (modulus) value.
Category: Functions and Analysis

[232] viXra:1811.0280 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-19 04:48:45

The Motion of a Liquid with Constant and Variable Volume( Whirlwinds and Tea Leaf Paradox)

Authors: Viktor Strohm
Comments: 6 Pages.

A set of experiments is presented. The two main types of the movement of incompressible liquid were investigated. In the first case liquid moved with no changes in volume. The elastic deformation made liquid move. In the second case a formation of curl took place during the expansion of the liquid getting an additional kinetic energy. Some formulas modeling curl's evolution were derived.
Category: Classical Physics

[231] viXra:1811.0279 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-17 06:20:43

Anomaly in Sign Function Probability Function Integration

Authors: Han Geurdes
Comments: 5 Pages.

In the paper it is demonstrated that integration of products of sign functions and probability density functions such as in Bell's formula for +/-1 measurement functions, leads to inconsistencies.
Category: Quantum Physics

[230] viXra:1811.0278 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-17 07:05:54

Single-Molecule DNA Navigators

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 39 Pages.

In a new study that supports the trend of DNA-based information carriers, scientists have engineered a DNA navigator system that can perform single-molecule, parallel, depth-first search operations on a two-dimensional origami platform. [21] In new research, Hao Yan of Arizona State University and his colleagues describe an innovative DNA walker, capable of rapidly traversing a prepared track. [20] Just like any long polymer chain, DNA tends to form knots. Using technology that allows them to stretch DNA molecules and image the behavior of these knots, MIT researchers have discovered, for the first time, the factors that determine whether a knot moves along the strand or "jams" in place. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18] An LMU team now reveals the inner workings of a molecular motor made of proteins which packs and unpacks DNA. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15] Scientists from Moscow State University (MSU) working with an international team of researchers have identified the structure of one of the key regions of telomerase—a so-called "cellular immortality" ribonucleoprotein. [14] Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University used a light-sensitive iridium-palladium catalyst to make "sequential" polymers, using visible light to change how building blocks are combined into polymer chains. [13] Researchers have fused living and non-living cells for the first time in a way that allows them to work together, paving the way for new applications. [12] UZH researchers have discovered a previously unknown way in which proteins interact with one another and cells organize themselves. [11]
Category: Physics of Biology

[229] viXra:1811.0277 [pdf] replaced on 2019-01-10 15:00:03

Special Theory of Relativity Based on Fraudulent Science?

Authors: Sjaak Uitterdijk
Comments: 4 Pages. Version 6 is much easier to read and to understand. It also clarifies an apparent incorrectness.

This article makes it highly likely that the question mark in the title has to be an exclamation mark.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[228] viXra:1811.0276 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-17 07:32:36

New DNA Nanostructures

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 44 Pages.

The new study involves innovations in the field of DNA origami, which, as the name implies, uses nucleic acids like DNA and RNA to fold and self-assemble into complex forms. [22] In a new study that supports the trend of DNA-based information carriers, scientists have engineered a DNA navigator system that can perform single-molecule, parallel, depth-first search operations on a two-dimensional origami platform. [21] In new research, Hao Yan of Arizona State University and his colleagues describe an innovative DNA walker, capable of rapidly traversing a prepared track. [20] Just like any long polymer chain, DNA tends to form knots. Using technology that allows them to stretch DNA molecules and image the behavior of these knots, MIT researchers have discovered, for the first time, the factors that determine whether a knot moves along the strand or "jams" in place. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18] An LMU team now reveals the inner workings of a molecular motor made of proteins which packs and unpacks DNA. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15] Scientists from Moscow State University (MSU) working with an international team of researchers have identified the structure of one of the key regions of telomerase—a so-called "cellular immortality" ribonucleoprotein. [14] Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University used a light-sensitive iridium-palladium catalyst to make "sequential" polymers, using visible light to change how building blocks are combined into polymer chains. [13] Researchers have fused living and non-living cells for the first time in a way that allows them to work together, paving the way for new applications. [12]
Category: Physics of Biology

[227] viXra:1811.0275 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-17 07:52:04

Spaghetti-Like DNA Nanotechnology

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 48 Pages.

For the past few decades, scientists have been inspired by the blueprint of life, DNA, as the shape of things to come for nanotechnology. [23] The new study involves innovations in the field of DNA origami, which, as the name implies, uses nucleic acids like DNA and RNA to fold and self-assemble into complex forms. [22] In a new study that supports the trend of DNA-based information carriers, scientists have engineered a DNA navigator system that can perform single-molecule, parallel, depth-first search operations on a two-dimensional origami platform. [21] In new research, Hao Yan of Arizona State University and his colleagues describe an innovative DNA HYPERLINK "https://phys.org/tags/walker/" walker, capable of rapidly traversing a prepared track. [20] Just like any long polymer chain, DNA tends to form knots. Using technology that allows them to stretch DNA molecules and image the behavior of these knots, MIT researchers have discovered, for the first time, the factors that determine whether a knot moves along the strand or "jams" in place. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18] An LMU team now reveals the inner workings of a molecular motor made of proteins which packs and unpacks DNA. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15] Scientists from Moscow State University (MSU) working with an international team of researchers have identified the structure of one of the key regions of telomerase—a so-called "cellular immortality" ribonucleoprotein. [14]
Category: Physics of Biology

[226] viXra:1811.0274 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-17 08:03:44

Evidence for Dark Matter, Dark Energy, Higgs’ Function, and More

Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 3 Pages.

categories of evidence for Dark Matter & Energy, Higgs' Function, and Temporal Elasticity are provided and discussed
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[225] viXra:1811.0272 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-17 08:12:32

Mona Lisa on DNA Canvas

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 50 Pages.

The technique, dubbed DNA origami, enabled scientists to create self-assembling DNA structures that could carry any specified pattern, such as a 100-nanometer-wide smiley face. [24] For the past few decades, scientists have been inspired by the blueprint of life, DNA, as the shape of things to come for nanotechnology. [23] The new study involves innovations in the field of DNA origami, which, as the name implies, uses nucleic acids like DNA and RNA to fold and self-assemble into complex forms. [22] In a new study that supports the trend of DNA-based information carriers, scientists have engineered a DNA navigator system that can perform single-molecule, parallel, depth-first search operations on a two-dimensional origami platform. [21] In new research, Hao Yan of Arizona State University and his colleagues describe an innovative DNA HYPERLINK "https://phys.org/tags/walker/" walker, capable of rapidly traversing a prepared track. [20] Just like any long polymer chain, DNA tends to form knots. Using technology that allows them to stretch DNA molecules and image the behavior of these knots, MIT researchers have discovered, for the first time, the factors that determine whether a knot moves along the strand or "jams" in place. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18] An LMU team now reveals the inner workings of a molecular motor made of proteins which packs and unpacks DNA. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15]
Category: Physics of Biology

[224] viXra:1811.0271 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-17 08:27:00

Protein Error-Free Nanostructures

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 51 Pages.

Using a DNA-binding protein called RecA as a kind of nanoscale rebar, or reinforcing bar, to support the floppy DNA scaffolding, researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have constructed several of the largest rectangular, linear and other shapes ever assembled from DNA. [25] The technique, dubbed DNA origami, enabled scientists to create self-assembling DNA structures that could carry any specified pattern, such as a 100-nanometer-wide smiley face. [24] For the past few decades, scientists have been inspired by the blueprint of life, DNA, as the shape of things to come for nanotechnology. [23] The new study involves innovations in the field of DNA origami, which, as the name implies, uses nucleic acids like DNA and RNA to fold and self-assemble into complex forms. [22] In a new study that supports the trend of DNA-based information carriers, scientists have engineered a DNA navigator system that can perform single-molecule, parallel, depth-first search operations on a two-dimensional origami platform. [21] In new research, Hao Yan of Arizona State University and his colleagues describe an innovative DNA HYPERLINK "https://phys.org/tags/walker/" walker, capable of rapidly traversing a prepared track. [20] Just like any long polymer chain, DNA tends to form knots. Using technology that allows them to stretch DNA molecules and image the behavior of these knots, MIT researchers have discovered, for the first time, the factors that determine whether a knot moves along the strand or "jams" in place. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18] An LMU team now reveals the inner workings of a molecular motor made of proteins which packs and unpacks DNA. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16]
Category: Physics of Biology

[223] viXra:1811.0266 [pdf] replaced on 2018-11-19 10:31:32

White Spots in Physics

Authors: J.A.J. van Leunen
Comments: 5 Pages. The document is part of the Hilbert Book Model Project

Physics appears to include quite a few white holes. Apparently, this is not very essential for the proper functioning of applied physics. Through some clever steps, some of the white patches can be addressed. That delivers striking and not thought results
Category: Quantum Physics

[222] viXra:1811.0263 [pdf] replaced on 2023-07-03 08:15:07

Considérations Sur la Formule du Binôme

Authors: Olivier Massot
Comments: 25 Pages. None

The binomial formula, set by Isaac Newton, is of utmost importance and has been extensively used in many different fields. This study (in French) aims at coming up with alternative expressions to the Newton's formula.
Category: Number Theory

[221] viXra:1811.0262 [pdf] replaced on 2023-07-03 08:19:33

Considerations on the Newton’s Binomial Expansion

Authors: Olivier Massot
Comments: 25 Pages. None

The binomial formula, set by Isaac Newton, is of utmost importance and has been extensively used in many different fields. This study aims at coming up with alternative expressions to the Newton's formula.
Category: Number Theory

[220] viXra:1811.0261 [pdf] replaced on 2019-04-29 14:07:26

Principles Of《Universal and Unified Physics》

Authors: Wei Xu
Comments: 49 Pages.

Abstract: The Principles are human wisdoms of our ultimate philosophy, scientific theories and empirical knowledge that give birth to 《Universal and Unified Physics》[1]. Since inauguration, it is now strikingly breaking forth systematically from the philosophy of natural laws to the unification of the entire traditional, classic and contemporary physics, and gracefully representing the triple essences of:

  1. Laws of universe as Philosophy of Nature,
  2. Framework of nature as Infrastructure of Universe,
  3. Hierarchy of horizon structures as Topology of Physics.

By exploring the profound principles behind the workings of the theory, we abstract each context of the laws philosophically, define their terminologies revelationally, derive the scientific theories mathematically, and testify the “artifacts” empirically, shown as the following approaches.

  1. Chapter I: Abstracts principles of Philosophy of Nature and reveals secrets of Topology of Universe and Horizon Hierarchy of Worlds, predominantly Laws of YinYang processes and of Event Evolutions. (Designed for philosophers using methodology of “divine inspirations by heart”)
  2. Chapter II: Illustrates how the Infrastructure of Universe is developed as the mathematical framework to carry out Universal Field Equations and give rise to the foundations of physical Horizons. (Designed for scientists using methodology of “research thoughts by brain”)
  3. Chapter III: Testifies why the theory can unify our modern physics, conclude numerous groundbreakings, and declare as Universal and Unified Physics. (Designed for empiricism using methodology of “controlled experiments by technology”)

Therefore, readers will gain their confidences in development of our future sciences concisely and effectively at the methodology of: 

       Philosophy    ⇒     Scientific Theory    ⇐⇒     Observation and Experiment

---

[1] “Universal and Unified Physics”, http://vixra.org/abs/1810.0016 (2018)


Category: History and Philosophy of Physics

[219] viXra:1811.0260 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-17 22:12:25

Exploring Eclipse Mita in the Context of Embedded Systems/iot/bosch-XDK Iot Kit/ Jikes RVM a Simple Suggestion Using Research Virtual Machine Environment/iot/ Embedded Systems.

Authors: Nirmal Tej Kumar
Comments: 2 Pages. Short Communication & Technical Notes

Exploring Eclipse MITA in the context of Embedded Systems/IoT/Bosch-XDK IoT KIT/ Jikes RVM - A Simple Suggestion Using Research Virtual Machine Environment/IoT/ Embedded Systems.
Category: Digital Signal Processing

[218] viXra:1811.0259 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-18 03:57:49

Gravitational Waves from Neutron Star

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 21 Pages.

For the first time astronomers have detected gravitational waves from a merged, hyper-massive neutron star. [19] A group of scientists from the Niels Bohr Institute (NBI) at the University of Copenhagen will soon start developing a new line of technical equipment in order to dramatically improve gravitational wave detectors. [18] A global team of scientists, including two University of Mississippi physicists, has found that the same instruments used in the historic discovery of gravitational waves caused by colliding black holes could help unlock the secrets of dark matter, a mysterious and as-yet-unobserved component of the universe. [17] The lack of so-called " dark photons " in electron-positron collision data rules out scenarios in which these hypothetical particles explain the muon's magnetic moment. [16] By reproducing the complexity of the cosmos through unprecedented simulations, a new study highlights the importance of the possible behaviour of very high-energy photons. In their journey through intergalactic magnetic fields, such photons could be transformed into axions and thus avoid being absorbed. [15] Scientists have detected a mysterious X-ray signal that could be caused by dark matter streaming out of our Sun's core. Hidden photons are predicted in some extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics, and unlike WIMPs they would interact electromagnetically with normal matter. In particle physics and astrophysics, weakly interacting massive particles, or WIMPs, are among the leading hypothetical particle physics candidates for dark matter. The gravitational force attracting the matter, causing concentration of the matter in a small space and leaving much space with low matter concentration: dark matter and energy. There is an asymmetry between the mass of the electric charges, for example proton and electron, can understood by the asymmetrical Planck Distribution Law. This temperature dependent energy distribution is asymmetric around the maximum intensity, where the annihilation of matter and antimatter is a high probability event. The asymmetric sides are creating different frequencies of electromagnetic radiations being in the same intensity level and compensating each other. One of these compensating ratios is the electron – proton mass ratio. The lower energy side has no compensating intensity level, it is the dark energy and the corresponding matter is the dark matter.
Category: Astrophysics

[217] viXra:1811.0258 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-18 04:48:53

Astronomers Detect Gamma Rays

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 26 Pages.

In a cluster of some of the most massive and luminous stars in our galaxy, about 5,000 light years from Earth, astronomers detected particles being accelerated by a rapidly rotating neutron star as it passed by the massive star it orbits only once every 50 years. [20] For the first time astronomers have detected gravitational waves from a merged, hyper-massive neutron star. [19] A group of scientists from the Niels Bohr Institute (NBI) at the University of Copenhagen will soon start developing a new line of technical equipment in order to dramatically improve gravitational wave detectors. [18] A global team of scientists, including two University of Mississippi physicists, has found that the same instruments used in the historic discovery of gravitational waves caused by colliding black holes could help unlock the secrets of dark matter, a mysterious and as-yet-unobserved component of the universe. [17] The lack of so-called " dark photons " in electron-positron collision data rules out scenarios in which these hypothetical particles explain the muon's magnetic moment. [16] By reproducing the complexity of the cosmos through unprecedented simulations, a new study highlights the importance of the possible behaviour of very high-energy photons. In their journey through intergalactic magnetic fields, such photons could be transformed into axions and thus avoid being absorbed. [15] Scientists have detected a mysterious X-ray signal that could be caused by dark matter streaming out of our Sun's core. Hidden photons are predicted in some extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics, and unlike WIMPs they would interact electromagnetically with normal matter. In particle physics and astrophysics, weakly interacting massive particles, or WIMPs, are among the leading hypothetical particle physics candidates for dark matter. The gravitational force attracting the matter, causing concentration of the matter in a small space and leaving much space with low matter concentration: dark matter and energy. There is an asymmetry between the mass of the electric charges, for example proton and electron, can understood by the asymmetrical Planck Distribution Law. This temperature dependent energy distribution is asymmetric around the maximum intensity, where the annihilation of matter and antimatter is a high probability event. The asymmetric sides are creating different frequencies of electromagnetic radiations being in the same intensity level and compensating each other. One of these compensating ratios is the electron – proton mass ratio. The lower energy side has no compensating intensity level, it is the dark energy and the corresponding matter is the dark matter.
Category: Astrophysics

[216] viXra:1811.0257 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-18 05:12:13

Pairs of Black Holes

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 29 Pages.

For the first time, a team of astronomers has observed several pairs of galaxies in the final stages of merging together into single, larger galaxies. [21] In a cluster of some of the most massive and luminous stars in our galaxy, about 5,000 light years from Earth, astronomers detected particles being accelerated by a rapidly rotating neutron star as it passed by the massive star it orbits only once every 50 years. [20] For the first time astronomers have detected gravitational waves from a merged, hyper-massive neutron star. [19] A group of scientists from the Niels Bohr Institute (NBI) at the University of Copenhagen will soon start developing a new line of technical equipment in order to dramatically improve gravitational wave detectors. [18] A global team of scientists, including two University of Mississippi physicists, has found that the same instruments used in the historic discovery of gravitational waves caused by colliding black holes could help unlock the secrets of dark matter, a mysterious and as-yet-unobserved component of the universe. [17] The lack of so-called " dark photons " in electron-positron collision data rules out scenarios in which these hypothetical particles explain the muon's magnetic moment. [16] By reproducing the complexity of the cosmos through unprecedented simulations, a new study highlights the importance of the possible behaviour of very high-energy photons. In their journey through intergalactic magnetic fields, such photons could be transformed into axions and thus avoid being absorbed. [15] Scientists have detected a mysterious X-ray signal that could be caused by dark matter streaming out of our Sun's core. Hidden photons are predicted in some extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics, and unlike WIMPs they would interact electromagnetically with normal matter. In particle physics and astrophysics, weakly interacting massive particles, or WIMPs, are among the leading hypothetical particle physics candidates for dark matter. The gravitational force attracting the matter, causing concentration of the matter in a small space and leaving much space with low matter concentration: dark matter and energy. There is an asymmetry between the mass of the electric charges, for example proton and electron, can understood by the asymmetrical Planck Distribution Law. This temperature dependent energy distribution is asymmetric around the maximum intensity, where the annihilation of matter and antimatter is a high probability event. The asymmetric sides are creating different frequencies of electromagnetic radiations being in the same intensity level and compensating each other. One of these compensating ratios is the electron – proton mass ratio. The lower energy side has no compensating intensity level, it is the dark energy and the corresponding matter is the dark matter.
Category: Astrophysics

[215] viXra:1811.0256 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-18 05:32:22

Galaxy Mergers on Black Holes

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 30 Pages.

A new study by researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder finds that violent crashes may be more effective at activating black holes than more peaceful mergers. [22] For the first time, a team of astronomers has observed several pairs of galaxies in the final stages of merging together into single, larger galaxies. [21] In a cluster of some of the most massive and luminous stars in our galaxy, about 5,000 light years from Earth, astronomers detected particles being accelerated by a rapidly rotating neutron star as it passed by the massive star it orbits only once every 50 years. [20] For the first time astronomers have detected gravitational waves from a merged, hyper-massive neutron star. [19] A group of scientists from the Niels Bohr Institute (NBI) at the University of Copenhagen will soon start developing a new line of technical equipment in order to dramatically improve gravitational wave detectors. [18] A global team of scientists, including two University of Mississippi physicists, has found that the same instruments used in the historic discovery of gravitational waves caused by colliding black holes could help unlock the secrets of dark matter, a mysterious and as-yet-unobserved component of the universe. [17] The lack of so-called " dark photons " in electron-positron collision data rules out scenarios in which these hypothetical particles explain the muon's magnetic moment. [16] By reproducing the complexity of the cosmos through unprecedented simulations, a new study highlights the importance of the possible behaviour of very high-energy photons. In their journey through intergalactic magnetic fields, such photons could be transformed into axions and thus avoid being absorbed. [15] Scientists have detected a mysterious X-ray signal that could be caused by dark matter streaming out of our Sun's core. Hidden photons are predicted in some extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics, and unlike WIMPs they would interact electromagnetically with normal matter. In particle physics and astrophysics, weakly interacting massive particles, or WIMPs, are among the leading hypothetical particle physics candidates for dark matter. The gravitational force attracting the matter, causing concentration of the matter in a small space and leaving much space with low matter concentration: dark matter and energy. There is an asymmetry between the mass of the electric charges, for example proton and electron, can understood by the asymmetrical Planck Distribution Law. This temperature dependent energy distribution is asymmetric around the maximum intensity, where the annihilation of matter and antimatter is a high probability event. The asymmetric sides are creating different frequencies of electromagnetic radiations being in the same intensity level and compensating each other. One of these compensating ratios is the electron – proton mass ratio. The lower energy side has no compensating intensity level, it is the dark energy and the corresponding matter is the dark matter.
Category: Astrophysics

[214] viXra:1811.0255 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-16 07:32:20

Quantum Artificial Life

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 51 Pages.

A project by the UPV/EHU-University of the Basque Country has for the first time implemented a model of quantum artificial life on a quantum computer. [30] Researchers in a lab at Aarhus University have developed a versatile remote gaming interface that allowed external experts as well as hundreds of citizen scientists all over the world to optimize a quantum gas experiment through multiplayer collaboration and in real time. [29] "As crazy as all this looks, there appears to be strong reliability in these behaviors that could even be predictably and practically manipulated," Landman said. [28] A team of physicists from ICTP-Trieste and IQOQI-Innsbruck has come up with a surprisingly simple idea to investigate quantum entanglement of many particles. [27] For the first time, physicists have experimentally demonstrated ternary—rather than binary—quantum correlations between entangled objects. [26] The physicists, Sally Shrapnel, Fabio Costa, and Gerard Milburn, at The University of Queensland in Australia, have published a paper on the new HYPERLINK "https://phys.org/tags/quantum/" quantum HYPERLINK "https://phys.org/tags/probability/" probability rule in the New Journal of Physics. [25] Researchers have studied how a 'drumstick' made of light could make a microscopic 'drum' vibrate and stand still at the same time. [24] A University of Oklahoma physicist, Alberto M. Marino, is developing quantum-enhanced sensors that could find their way into applications ranging from biomedical to chemical detection. [23] A team of researchers from Shanghai Jiao Tong University and the University of Science and Technology of China has developed a chip that allows for two-dimensional quantum walks of single photons on a physical device. [22] The physicists, Sally Shrapnel, Fabio Costa, and Gerard Milburn, at The University of Queensland in Australia, have published a paper on the new HYPERLINK "https://phys.org/tags/quantum/" quantum HYPERLINK "https://phys.org/tags/probability/" probability rule in the New Journal of Physics. [21]
Category: Quantum Physics

[213] viXra:1811.0254 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-16 08:14:49

Magnetic Properties of Cuprates

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 27 Pages.

An international team of researchers has identified and proved that adding impurities with a lower concentration of electrons stabilizes the antiferromagnetic state of cuprates, high-temperature superconducting compounds based on copper. [17] The first known superconductor in which spin-3/2 quasiparticles form Cooper pairs has been created by physicists in the US and New Zealand. [16] Now a team of researchers from the University of Maryland (UMD) Department of Physics together with collaborators has seen exotic superconductivity that relies on highly unusual electron interactions. [15] A group of researchers from institutions in Korea and the United States has determined how to employ a type of electron microscopy to cause regions within an iron-based superconductor to flip between superconducting and non-superconducting states. [14] In new research, scientists at the University of Minnesota used a first-of-its-kind device to demonstrate a way to control the direction of the photocurrent without deploying an electric voltage. [13] Brown University researchers have demonstrated for the first time a method of substantially changing the spatial coherence of light. [12] Researchers at the University of Central Florida have generated what is being deemed the fastest light pulse ever developed. [11] Physicists at Chalmers University of Technology and Free University of Brussels have now found a method to significantly enhance optical force. [10] Nature Communications today published research by a team comprising Scottish and South African researchers, demonstrating entanglement swapping and teleportation of orbital angular momentum 'patterns' of light. [9] While physicists are continually looking for ways to unify the theory of relativity, which describes large-scale phenomena, with quantum theory, which describes small-scale phenomena, computer scientists are searching for technologies to build the quantum computer using Quantum Information. In August 2013, the achievement of "fully deterministic" quantum teleportation, using a hybrid technique, was reported. On 29 May 2014, scientists announced a reliable way of transferring data by quantum teleportation. Quantum teleportation of data had been done before but with highly unreliable methods. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to build the Quantum Computer with the help of Quantum Information.
Category: Quantum Physics

[212] viXra:1811.0253 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-16 08:54:01

AI Predicting Enzyme Activity

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 40 Pages.

University of Oxford have found a general way of predicting enzyme activity. [23] Researchers at Caltech have developed an artificial neural network made out of DNA that can solve a classic machine learning problem: correctly identifying handwritten numbers. [22] Researchers have devised a magnetic control system to make tiny DNA-based robots move on demand—and much faster than recently possible. [21] Humans have 46 chromosomes, and each one is capped at either end by repetitive sequences called telomeres. [20] Just like any long polymer chain, DNA tends to form knots. Using technology that allows them to stretch DNA molecules and image the behavior of these knots, MIT researchers have discovered, for the first time, the factors that determine whether a knot moves along the strand or "jams" in place. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18] An LMU team now reveals the inner workings of a molecular motor made of proteins which packs and unpacks DNA. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15] Scientists from Moscow State University (MSU) working with an international team of researchers have identified the structure of one of the key regions of telomerase—a so-called "cellular immortality" ribonucleoprotein. [14] Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University used a light-sensitive iridium-palladium catalyst to make "sequential" polymers, using visible light to change how building blocks are combined into polymer chains. [13]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[211] viXra:1811.0252 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-16 09:36:12

Infinite-Dimensional Symmetry

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 30 Pages.

The symmetries that govern the world of elementary particles at the most elementary level could be radically different from what has so far been thought. [29] A fraction of a second after the Big Bang, a single unified force may have shattered. Scientists from the CDF and DZero Collaborations used data from the Fermilab Tevatron Collider to recreate the early universe conditions. [28] Now researchers at the Paul Scherrer Institute PSI have helped to better understand the first minutes of the universe: They collected artificially produced beryllium-7 and made it into a sample that could be investigated. [27] Researchers have developed a new way to improve our knowledge of the Big Bang by measuring radiation from its afterglow, called the cosmic microwave background radiation. [26] The group's results reinforce a disagreement over the value of the Hubble constant as measured directly and as calculated via observations of primordial radiation – a disparity, say the researchers, which likely points to new physics. [25] Neutron stars consist of the densest form of matter known: a neutron star the size of Los Angeles can weigh twice as much as our sun. [24] Supermassive black holes, which lurk at the heart of most galaxies, are often described as "beasts" or "monsters". [23] The nuclei of most galaxies host supermassive black holes containing millions to billions of solar-masses of material. [22] New research shows the first evidence of strong winds around black holes throughout bright outburst events when a black hole rapidly consumes mass. [21] Chris Packham, associate professor of physics and astronomy at The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), has collaborated on a new study that expands the scientific community's understanding of black holes in our galaxy and the magnetic fields that surround them. [20] In a paper published today in the journal Science, University of Florida scientists have discovered these tears in the fabric of the universe have significantly weaker magnetic fields than previously thought. [19]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[210] viXra:1811.0251 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-16 10:46:40

Neutron Pinhole Discoveries

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 41 Pages.

To provide the data necessary to improve these products, a team of engineers and scientists from the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) have developed a new pinhole-based diffraction technique they call PIND. [29] Tensorial neutron tomography promises new insights into superconductors, battery electrodes and other energy-related materials. [28] CERN's nuclear physics facility, ISOLDE, has minted a new coin in its impressive collection of isotopes. [27] In the case of several light nuclei, experimental confirmation of the individualism or family nature of nucleons will now be simpler, thanks to predictions presented by Polish physicists from Cracow and Kielce. [26] The identification of the magic number of six provides an avenue to investigate the origin of spin–orbit splittings in atomic nuclei. [25] Now, physicists are working toward getting their first CT scans of the inner workings of the nucleus. [24] The process of the sticking together of quarks, called hadronisation, is still poorly understood. [23] In experimental campaigns using the OMEGA EP laser at (MIT) researchers took radiographs of the shock front, similar to the X-ray radiology in hospitals with protons instead of X-rays. [22] Researchers generate proton beams using a combination of nanoparticles and laser light. [21] Devices based on light, rather than electrons, could revolutionize the speed and security of our future computers. However, one of the major challenges in today's physics is the design of photonic devices, able to transport and switch light through circuits in a stable way. [20] Researchers characterize the rotational jiggling of an optically levitated nanoparticle, showing how this motion could be cooled to its quantum ground state. [19] Researchers have created quantum states of light whose noise level has been " squeezed " to a record low. [18]
Category: Condensed Matter

[209] viXra:1811.0250 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-16 11:08:43

A Proof Minus Epsilon of the Abc Conjecture

Authors: Abdelmajid Ben Hadj Salem
Comments: 6 Pages. Comments welcome.

In this paper, we give a proof minus $\epsilon$ of the $ABC$ conjecture, considering that Beal conjecture is true. Some conditions are proposed for the proof, perhaps it needs some justifications that is why I give the title of the paper " a proof minus $\epsilon$ of the $ABC$ conjecture".
Category: Number Theory

[208] viXra:1811.0249 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-16 13:28:29

Structure of Acetaminophen Alias Paracetemol or Tylenol at the Atomic Level

Authors: Raji Heyrovska
Comments: Pages. 5 Figures, Table 1. In the acknowledgement, Tim Gonen should read Tamir Gonen.

The recent new rapid technique of determining structures of molecules by CryoEM Method microED techniques by Gonen et al, aroused the interest to compare the reported bond lengths for acetaminophen with the additivity of adajacent atomic radii rule. The latter was found by the author to explain the bond lengths in many small as well as large molecules. The bond distances obtained by conventional methods and those found by Grunen et al by electron diffraction agree well with the additivity rule, whereas those by the Gonen group seem slightly smaller. A possible reason is discussed here.
Category: Biochemistry

[207] viXra:1811.0248 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-17 01:27:55

The Butterfly Effect and the Electron

Authors: David Lindsay Johnson
Comments: Conclusions on page 34

Benjamin Franklin considered electricity to be analogous to a fluid, labelling objects containing high levels of electricity as having a negative charge and those with low levels a positive charge. In 1897 J.J. Thomson's cathode ray tube experiments identified electrons, and adopting Franklins’s negative charge convention, he determined their charge-by-mass-ratio (e/m), which contributed significantly to the development of the orbital nuclear model of the atom. Dirac’s equations, so important to the development of Quantum Mechanics, are predicated by a mathematical definition of an electron in terms of an electric point monopole with a negative charge, thus re-enforcing the monopole electron concept. Although since the mid 1960’s nucleons have been considered to be hadrons consisting of up and down quarks, protons are still represented as positively charged monopole particles within the nucleus, maintaining the strong co-dependency between the nuclear model and mono pole charged particles.   A toroidal ring model for the electron was first proposed by Alfred Lauck Parson in 1915, variations of which provide a feasible alternative to the monopole concept of the electron. This paper explores implications of adopting a toroidal rather than a monopole model for the electron (the flutter of a butterfly’s wing) and extends the toroidal concept to include Preons, the sub-components of quarks, and thus of nucleons. The resulting atomic structure model is considerably different to the orbital nuclear model (hence the Butterfly Effect). It provides strong correlation between the atomic structure of the elements within the Periodic Table and their physical and chemical characteristics, which is something the orbital nuclear model fails to do. The model also provides a feasible explanation of different allotropic forms of elements and their various bonding geometries, beta decay, electron capture, electron-positron annihilation and the ionization process during plasma formation. Peripheral issues such as EMR, electricity and Gravity are covered in the appendices to reduce distractions within the body of the paper. The implications for Physics and Chemistry theory and practice of simply re-defining the structure of the electron are significant, particularly if the toroidal structure proves to be valid, and demonstrates the major impact of quite minor changes to basic assumptions.
Category: Classical Physics

[206] viXra:1811.0247 [pdf] replaced on 2018-11-19 01:19:09

On Bell's Experiment

Authors: Han Geurdes
Comments: 5 Pages.

With the use of tropical algebra operators and a d=2 parameter vectors space, Bell's theorem does not forbid a, physics vvalid, reproduction of the quantum correlation.
Category: Quantum Physics

[205] viXra:1811.0246 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-17 04:27:34

A Universe Made of Stories

Authors: Philip Gibbs
Comments: 10 Pages. FQXi essay contest 2017

We know that some physical phenomena can be derived from a more basic substratum. Heat is a manifestation of the kinetic energy of atoms. Atoms are more fundamental than the laws of thermodynamics, but atomic physics in turn is derived from the interactions of more primitive components. Is fundamentality then a relative concept with no absolute bottom, or is there a fundament of physical law which is not derived from anything deeper? Does physics perhaps circle back on itself in recursive fashion? “Fundamental” is an adjective to describe a level of reality that is not derived from anything else. Fundamental laws are not in any way accidental or arbitrary. They must be as they are, because they could not be any other way. If such a level of reality exists, then how can it be explained? Do we just have to accept it as axiomatic? Does it emerge out of nothing? These questions seem unanswerable but we must not accept defeat so quickly. The universe exists, so there must be answers. Why would those answers be incomprehensible to us? I sketch some answers choosing information, events, symmetry, quantisation and stories as fundamental concepts.
Category: History and Philosophy of Physics

[204] viXra:1811.0245 [pdf] replaced on 2019-04-22 10:56:57

An Inherently Relativistic Force Carrier Mechanism for Unifying Electromagnetism and Gravity Based on Weber Electrodynamics

Authors: Steffen Kühn
Comments: 214 Pages.

The report summarizes the current state of research of quantino-theory, which is an approach to explain fundamental physical phenomena based on Weber electrodynamics. The core concept of quantino-theory is a force-carrier model, which fulfils the postulates of special relativity without the spacetime. The field theory that follows out of this model does not turn for slow charge-carrier velocities into Maxwell electrodynamics but Weber electrodynamics. Based on the quantino-mechanism, numerous physical effects can be reinterpreted and explained. For example, it is possible to show that gravity is a thermodynamic electromagnetic relativistic effect of fourth order. Furthermore, quantino-theory seems to be an interesting approach to explain the reason for the existence of quantum mechanical effects, inertia and anti-matter. The report furthermore discusses the perihelion precession of the planet Mercury, the mass-energy-relation, photons and electromagnetic waves.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[203] viXra:1811.0244 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-15 06:38:41

Remark on the paper of Zheng Jie Sun and Ling Zhu

Authors: Yogesh J. Bagul
Comments: 4 Pages. In this paper , a mathematical mistake is discovered and another simple proof of the theorem is proposed.

In this short review note we show that the new proof of theorem 1.1 given by Zheng Jie Sun and Ling Zhu in the paper Simple proofs of the Cusa-Huygens-type and Becker-Stark-type inequalities is logically incorrect and present another simple proof of the same.
Category: Functions and Analysis

[202] viXra:1811.0243 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-15 07:08:10

Social Quantum Science

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 48 Pages.

Researchers in a lab at Aarhus University have developed a versatile remote gaming interface that allowed external experts as well as hundreds of citizen scientists all over the world to optimize a quantum gas experiment through multiplayer collaboration and in real time. [29] "As crazy as all this looks, there appears to be strong reliability in these behaviors that could even be predictably and practically manipulated," Landman said. [28] A team of physicists from ICTP-Trieste and IQOQI-Innsbruck has come up with a surprisingly simple idea to investigate quantum entanglement of many particles. [27] For the first time, physicists have experimentally demonstrated ternary—rather than binary—quantum correlations between entangled objects. [26] The physicists, Sally Shrapnel, Fabio Costa, and Gerard Milburn, at The University of Queensland in Australia, have published a paper on the new quantum probability rule in the New Journal of Physics. [25] Researchers have studied how a 'drumstick' made of light could make a microscopic 'drum' vibrate and stand still at the same time. [24] A University of Oklahoma physicist, Alberto M. Marino, is developing quantum-enhanced sensors that could find their way into applications ranging from biomedical to chemical detection. [23] A team of researchers from Shanghai Jiao Tong University and the University of Science and Technology of China has developed a chip that allows for two-dimensional quantum walks of single photons on a physical device. [22] The physicists, Sally Shrapnel, Fabio Costa, and Gerard Milburn, at The University of Queensland in Australia, have published a paper on the new quantum probability rule in the New Journal of Physics. [21] Probabilistic computing will allow future systems to comprehend and compute with uncertainties inherent in natural data, which will enable us to build computers capable of understanding, predicting and decision-making. [20] For years, the people developing artificial intelligence drew inspiration from what was known about the human brain, and it has enjoyed a lot of success as a result. Now, AI is starting to return the favor. [19]
Category: Quantum Physics

[201] viXra:1811.0242 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-15 08:03:50

Life Couldn't Exist Without Weak Force

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 59 Pages.

David Armstrong studies a phenomenon that is ubiquitous in nature, yet only a few non-scientists know what it is. [36] Physicists at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU) have recently succeeded in observing parity violation in ytterbium atoms with different numbers of neutrons. [35] Exploring the mystery of molecular handedness in nature, scientists have proposed a new experimental scheme to create custom-made mirror molecules for analysis. [34] Identifying right-handed and left-handed molecules is a crucial step for many applications in chemistry and pharmaceutics. [33]
Category: Physics of Biology

[200] viXra:1811.0241 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-15 08:14:59

The Papakonstantinidis Win/Win/Win Bargaining Model

Authors: Stephen I. Ternyik
Comments: 10 Pages.

Interview on collective bargaining with Leonidas A. Papakonstantinidis
Category: Social Science

[199] viXra:1811.0240 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-15 08:25:01

AI for Sustainability Goals

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 41 Pages.

As ESA's ɸ-week continues to provoke and inspire participants on new ways of using Earth observation for monitoring our world to benefit the citizens of today and of the future, it is clear that artificial intelligence is set to play an important role. [25] The New York Times contacted IBM Research in late September asking for our help to use AI in a clever way to create art for the coming special section on AI. [24] Granting human rights to a computer would degrade human dignity. [23] IBM researchers are developing a new computer architecture, better equipped to handle increased data loads from artificial intelligence. [22] A computer built to mimic the brain's neural networks produces similar results to that of the best brain-simulation supercomputer software currently used for neural-signaling research, finds a new study published in the open-access journal Frontiers in Neuroscience. [21]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[198] viXra:1811.0239 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-15 09:15:15

Laser Amplify Optical Phonons

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 65 Pages.

A study led by scientists of the Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter (MPSD) at the Center for Free-Electron Laser Science in Hamburg/Germany presents evidence of the amplification of optical phonons in a solid by intense terahertz laser pulses. [39] Femtosecond lasers are capable of processing any solid material with high quality and high precision using their ultrafast and ultra-intense characteristics. [38]
Category: Condensed Matter

[197] viXra:1811.0238 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-15 09:47:14

Fusion Tool Past 100 Million Degrees

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 61 Pages.

The Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST), nicknamed the "Chinese artificial sun," achieved an electron temperature of over 100 million degrees in its core plasma during a four-month experiment this year. [37] David Armstrong studies a phenomenon that is ubiquitous in nature, yet only a few non-scientists know what it is. [36] Physicists at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU) have recently succeeded in observing parity violation in ytterbium atoms with different numbers of neutrons. [35] Exploring the mystery of molecular handedness in nature, scientists have proposed a new experimental scheme to create custom-made mirror molecules for analysis. [34] Identifying right-handed and left-handed molecules is a crucial step for many applications in chemistry and pharmaceutics. [33] A team of researchers from several institutions in Japan has described a physical system that can be described as existing above "absolute hot" and also below absolute zero. [32] A silicon-based quantum computing device could be closer than ever due to a new experimental device that demonstrates the potential to use light as a messenger to connect quantum bits of information—known as qubits—that are not immediately adjacent to each other. [31] Researchers at the University of Bristol's Quantum Engineering Technology Labs have demonstrated a new type of silicon chip that can help building and testing quantum computers and could find their way into your mobile phone to secure information. [30] Theoretical physicists propose to use negative interference to control heat flow in quantum devices. [29] Particle physicists are studying ways to harness the power of the quantum realm to further their research. [28] A fundamental barrier to scaling quantum computing machines is "qubit interference." In new research published in Science Advances, engineers and physicists from HYPERLINK "https://www.rigetti.com/" Rigetti Computing describe a breakthrough that can expand the size of practical quantum processors by reducing interference. [26]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[196] viXra:1811.0237 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-15 14:07:07

Self-Standing End-Fed Electrically Quasi-Uniform Linear Arrays: Analysis, Design, Construction, Measurements and FLOSS

Authors: K. Th. Kondylis, N. I. Yannopoulou, P. E. Zimourtopoulos
Comments: 20 Pages.

Based on the analysis presented by the authors in their previous work for end-fed space arrays, where an application to geometrically uniform self-standing linear arrays of parallel dipoles was given, this paper presents the results of a single driving-point, self-standing, fully uniform linear array, that is one which has electrical uniformity, as well as, an application to the constrained pattern design. During the synthesis process and due to the multiplicity of solutions resulting from the complex analytical relations given here, the criterion of Electrically Quasi-Uniform Linear Array EQ-ULA was introduced. An experimental array model was designed, simulated, constructed, and its three main-plane radiation patterns were measured. The measurements were found in good agreement with analytical, computational, and theoretical results, and thus the proposed technique was experimentally proved. The developed software applications are available as FLOSS Free Libre Open Source Software.
Category: Classical Physics

[195] viXra:1811.0236 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-15 19:52:46

Splitting of Quasi-Definite Linear System Maintains Inertia

Authors: Martin Neuenhofen
Comments: 4 Pages.

We show that there is a variety of Schur complements that yield a decoupling of a quasi-definite linear system into two quasi-definite linear systems of half the size each. Splitting of linear systems of equations via Schur complements is widely used to reduce the size of a linear system of equations. Quasi-definite linear systems arise in a variety of computational engineering applications.
Category: Algebra

[194] viXra:1811.0235 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-16 02:51:18

Cosmological Dark Ages and Antimatter

Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 3 Pages.

the so-called Cosmic Dark Ages is currently misunderstood and under-rated in terms of cosmological significance; the role of antimatter is identified and illuminated
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[193] viXra:1811.0234 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-14 06:34:27

Performance of Next Generation Electronics

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 23 Pages.

Taking electrons out for a spin through the nanoscopic streets of a digital device – without spinning out of control – has challenged researchers for years. [15] Konstanz physicist Professor Peter Baum and his team have succeeded in spatially and temporally directing and controlling ultrashort electron pulses directly by using the light cycles of laser light instead of microwaves. [14] In new research, scientists at the University of Minnesota used a first-of-its-kind device to demonstrate a way to control the direction of the photocurrent without deploying an electric voltage. [13] Brown University researchers have demonstrated for the first time a method of substantially changing the spatial coherence of light. [12] Researchers at the University of Central Florida have generated what is being deemed the fastest light pulse ever developed. [11] Physicists at Chalmers University of Technology and Free University of Brussels have now found a method to significantly enhance optical force. [10]
Category: Condensed Matter

[192] viXra:1811.0233 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-14 06:42:54

Алгоритм нахождения подстановок

Authors: Франц Герман
Comments: 3 Pages.

В некоторых задачах, решаемых на компьютере, возникает необходимость нахождения перестановок из n элементов. Для небольших n это можно сделать простым перебором, но с увеличением n, нахождение всех перестановок перебором становится занятием очень трудоёмким. В таком случае удобно применять следующий алгоритм.
Category: Combinatorics and Graph Theory

[191] viXra:1811.0232 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-14 07:27:56

The Quantised Angular Momenta of Astronomical Bodies

Authors: Bernard Riley
Comments: 13 pages

The spin angular momentum of the sun precisely equals the quantum h-bar multiplied by 2 raised to the power 250. Between them the next five nearest G or K-type stars take the exponents 247, 248, 249, 250 and 251, the binary star Alpha Centauri AB taking exponents (249 and 251) either side of 250 and Epsilon Eridani taking the exponent 250. The red dwarfs Proxima Centauri and Barnard’s Star both take the exponent 240. The spin angular momentum quantisation scheme also applies to the planets of the solar system. Again, exponents that are multiples of 5 are preferred. Jupiter and Saturn behave as a binary planet, with exponents centred on 240. Uranus and Neptune behave as a binary planet, with exponents centred on 233. Earth and Mars take the exponents 225 and 220, respectively. The geometric mean orbital angular momentum of the eight planets equals the spin angular momentum of the sun. With spin parameters of intermediate value, the supermassive black holes located in the Milky Way and M31 galaxies take the exponents 295 and 305, respectively.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[190] viXra:1811.0231 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-14 07:35:52

Electric Fields Makes Spin Swirl

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 24 Pages.

We are reaching the limits of silicon capabilities in terms of data storage density and speed of memory devices. One of the potential next-generation data storage elements is the magnetic skyrmion. [16] Taking electrons out for a spin through the nanoscopic streets of a digital device – without spinning out of control – has challenged researchers for years. [15] Konstanz physicist Professor Peter Baum and his team have succeeded in spatially and temporally directing and controlling ultrashort electron pulses directly by using the light cycles of laser light instead of microwaves. [14] In new research, scientists at the University of Minnesota used a first-of-its-kind device to demonstrate a way to control the direction of the photocurrent without deploying an electric voltage. [13] Brown University researchers have demonstrated for the first time a method of substantially changing the spatial coherence of light. [12] Researchers at the University of Central Florida have generated what is being deemed the fastest light pulse ever developed. [11] Physicists at Chalmers University of Technology and Free University of Brussels have now found a method to significantly enhance optical force. [10]
Category: Condensed Matter

[189] viXra:1811.0230 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-14 07:48:20

Hubble Expansion & CMBR & Bekenstein Hawking Entropy

Authors: David E. Fuller, Ruud Loeffen
Comments: 7 Pages.

Universe as a Self Similar Fractal Friedmann Density, Electron Compton Density, Planck Density
Category: Quantum Physics

[188] viXra:1811.0229 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-14 08:46:13

Resonance Tuning of Optics

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 73 Pages.

A research team from ITMO University and the Australian National University has discovered that different metasurfaces exhibit the same behavior provided a symmetry breaking is introduced to their unit cells "meta-atoms."[42] Electron microscopy has allowed scientists to see individual atoms, but even at that resolution not everything is clear. [41] A half-century ago, the theorist Walter Henneberger wondered if it were possible to use a laser field to free an electron from its atom without removing it from the nucleus. [40] A new study by researchers at the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST) may explain this disparity. In the work, the OIST researchers measured electrical current across a two-dimensional plane. [39] Femtosecond lasers are capable of processing any solid material with high quality and high precision using their ultrafast and ultra-intense characteristics. [38] To create the flying microlaser, the researchers launched laser light into a water-filled hollow core fiber to optically trap the microparticle. Like the materials used to make traditional lasers, the microparticle incorporates a gain medium. [37] Lasers that emit ultrashort pulses of light are critical components of technologies, including communications and industrial processing, and have been central to fundamental Nobel Prize-winning research in physics. [36] A newly developed laser technology has enabled physicists in the Laboratory for Attosecond Physics (jointly run by LMU Munich and the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics) to generate attosecond bursts of high-energy photons of unprecedented intensity. [35] The unique platform, which is referred as a 4-D microscope, combines the sensitivity and high time-resolution of phase imaging with the specificity and high spatial resolution of fluorescence microscopy. [34] The experiment relied on a soliton frequency comb generated in a chip-based optical microresonator made from silicon nitride. [33] This scientific achievement toward more precise control and monitoring of light is highly interesting for miniaturizing optical devices for sensing and signal processing. [32]
Category: Quantum Physics

[187] viXra:1811.0228 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-14 09:35:50

Light-Emitting Nanoparticles

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 36 Pages.

A team of scientists from the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), in collaboration with researchers from Monash University Australia, has succeeded in significantly increasing the stability and biocompatibility of special light-transducing nanoparticles. [22] Diagnosing diseases and understanding the processes that take place within cells at the molecular level require sensitive and selective diagnostic instruments. [21] A single-molecule DNA " navigator " that can successfully find its way out of a maze constructed on a 2D DNA origami platform might be used in artificial intelligence applications as well as in biomolecular assembly, sensing, DNA-driven computation and molecular information and storage. [20] The way DNA folds largely determines which genes are read out. John van Noort and his group have quantified how easily rolled-up DNA parts stack. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18] An LMU team now reveals the inner workings of a molecular motor made of proteins which packs and unpacks DNA. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15] Scientists from Moscow State University (MSU) working with an international team of researchers have identified the structure of one of the key regions of telomerase—a so-called "cellular immortality" ribonucleoprotein. [14] Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University used a light-sensitive iridium-palladium catalyst to make "sequential" polymers, using visible light to change how building blocks are combined into polymer chains. [13] Researchers have fused living and non-living cells for the first time in a way that allows them to work together, paving the way for new applications. [12]
Category: Condensed Matter

[186] viXra:1811.0227 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-14 10:37:42

The 4430 MeV Neutrino is a Signal That the Universe Includes 0.1 Billion Years of Unbroken E8 Symmetry Time

Authors: George R. briggs
Comments: 1 Page.

Abstract: The surprising capability to be able to use the mass of the recently-discovered 4430 MeV neutrino together with MHCE8S theory as a way of signaling the length of time the universe includes E8 unbroken symmetry is shown.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[185] viXra:1811.0226 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-14 10:24:55

Private Photo Recognition

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 77 Pages.

Researchers at Osaka University have proposed an encryption-free framework for preserving users' privacy when they use photo-based information services. [47] When building a predictive model, reliable results depend on two issues: the number of variables that come into play and the number of examples entered into the system. [46] A new computational approach that allows the identification of molecular alterations associated with prognosis and resistance to therapy of different types of cancer was developed by the research group led by Nuno Barbosa Morais at Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (iMM; Portugal). [45] A discovery by scientists at UC Riverside may open up new ways to control steroid hormone-mediated processes, including growth and development in insects, and sexual maturation, immunity, and cancer progression in humans. [44] New 3-D maps of water distribution during cellular membrane fusion are accelerating scientific understanding of cell development, which could lead to new treatments for diseases associated with cell fusion. [43] Thanks to the invention of a technique called super-resolution fluorescence microscopy, it has recently become possible to view even the smaller parts of a living cell. [42] A new instrument lets researchers use multiple laser beams and a microscope to trap and move cells and then analyze them in real-time with a sensitive analysis technique known as Raman spectroscopy. [41] All systems are go for launch in November of NASA's Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) mission, which will use high-resolution laser ranging to study Earth's forests and topography from the International Space Station (ISS). [40] Scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI) in Berlin combined state-of-the-art experiments and numerical simulations to test a fundamental assumption underlying strong-field physics. [39] Femtosecond lasers are capable of processing any solid material with high quality and high precision using their ultrafast and ultra-intense characteristics. [38] To create the flying microlaser, the researchers launched laser light into a water-filled hollow core fiber to optically trap the microparticle. Like the materials used to make traditional lasers, the microparticle incorporates a gain medium. [37]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[184] viXra:1811.0225 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-14 11:03:51

Electronic Devices Don't Overheat

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 38 Pages.

You've felt the heat before—the smartphone that warms while running a navigation app or the laptop that gets too hot for your lap. [23] A team of scientists from the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), in collaboration with researchers from Monash University Australia, has succeeded in significantly increasing the stability and biocompatibility of special light-transducing nanoparticles. [22] Diagnosing diseases and understanding the processes that take place within cells at the molecular level require sensitive and selective diagnostic instruments. [21] A single-molecule DNA “navigator” that can successfully find its way out of a maze constructed on a 2D DNA origami platform might be used in artificial intelligence applications as well as in biomolecular assembly, sensing, DNA-driven computation and molecular information and storage. [20] The way DNA folds largely determines which genes are read out. John van Noort and his group have quantified how easily rolled-up DNA parts stack. [19]
Category: Thermodynamics and Energy

[183] viXra:1811.0224 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-14 13:21:48

#2sat is in P

Authors: Elnaserledinellah Mahmood Abdelwahab
Comments: 85 Pages. Journal Academica Vol. 8(1), pp. 3-88, October 13 2018 - Theoretical Computer Science - ISSN 2161-3338 online edition www.journalacademica.org - Copyright © 2018 Journal Academica Foundation - With perpetual, non-exclusive license for viXra.org

This paper presents a new view of logical variables which helps solving efficiently the #P complete #2SAT problem. Variables are considered to be more than mere place holders of information, namely: Entities exhibiting repetitive patterns of logical truth values. Using this insight, a canonical order between literals and clauses of an arbitrary 2CNF Clause Set S is shown to be always achievable. It is also shown that resolving clauses respecting this order enables the construction of small Free Binary Decision Diagrams (FBDDs) for S with unique node counts in O(M4) or O(M6) in case a particular shown Lemma is relaxed, where M is number of clauses. Efficiently counting solutions generated in such FBDDs is then proven to be O(M9) or O(M13) by first running the proposed practical Pattern-Algorithm 2SAT-FGPRA and then the counting Algorithm Count2SATSolutions, so that the overall complexity of counting 2SAT solutions is in P. Relaxing the specific Lemma enables a uniform description of kSAT-Pattern-Algorithms in terms of (k-1)SAT- ones opening up yet another way for showing the main result. This second way demonstrates that avoiding certain types of copies of sub-trees in FBDDs constructed for arbitrary 1CNF and 2CNF Clause Sets, while uniformly expressing kSAT Pattern-Algorithms for any k>0, is a sufficient condition for an efficient solution of kSAT as well. Exponential lower bounds known for the construction of deterministic and non-deterministic FBDDs of some Boolean functions are seen to be inapplicable to the methods described here.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[182] viXra:1811.0223 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-14 13:55:10

Einstein Did not Explain the Photoelectric Effect. there Are not Black Holes at Planck Wall

Authors: Adrian Ferent
Comments: 252 Pages. © 2014 Adrian Ferent

“In the photoelectric effect the photons interact with the electrons at Planck length” Adrian Ferent “In photon-photon collisions, the photons interact at Planck length” Adrian Ferent “The photons see the Electron’s size as Planck length” Adrian Ferent “In Ferent Quantum Gravity l = 0 at the speed of light from Special theory of relativity, means l = Planck length” Adrian Ferent “In Ferent Quantum Gravity riding alongside a light beam you will see the Planck length” Adrian Ferent “There are not Black Holes at Planck wall” Adrian Ferent “What you learned from your professors, from your books, from the greatest scientists… about Black Holes is wrong” Adrian Ferent “In Ferent Quantum Gravity l = 0 at the speed Faster Than Light from Special theory of relativity, means l < Planck length” Adrian Ferent “In Ferent Quantum Gravity l = 0 at the speed of the gravitons v = 1.001762 × 10^(17) m/s from Special theory of relativity, means l = Ferent length” Adrian Ferent “In Ferent Quantum Gravity riding alongside a graviton you will see the Ferent length” Adrian Ferent “Because Gravitons travel Faster Than Light, they do not see Matter, they see only Dark Matter” Adrian Ferent “Gravitons moving Faster Than Light, they see Black Holes” Adrian Ferent “What you learned from your professors, from your books, from the greatest scientists… about Dark Matter is wrong” Adrian Ferent The photoelectric effect is the emission of electrically charged particles like electrons or other free carriers when it absorbs electromagnetic radiation. The photoelectric effect was first observed in 1887 by Heinrich Hertz. Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1921 for ‘his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect’. Einstein riding alongside a light beam. Einstein was still puzzled by his attempts to imagine riding alongside a light beam, all his life and did not find an answer for it. Einstein later wrote, “I should observe such a beam of light as an electromagnetic field at rest.” That is why Einstein and your professors were not able to explain the photoelectric effect. “The photons see the Electron’s size as Planck length” Adrian Ferent Planck length: lP = 1.6 × 10^(-35) m Einstein and your professors did not understand: “In the photoelectric effect the photons interact with the electrons at Planck length” Adrian Ferent “In photon-photon collisions, the photons interact at Planck length” Adrian Ferent “In Ferent Quantum Gravity l = 0 at the speed of light from Special theory of relativity, means l = Planck length” Adrian Ferent Einstein and your professors did not understand that photons interact with the electrons at Planck length, because they did not understand Special theory of relativity and Quantum mechanics. “In Ferent Quantum Gravity riding alongside a light beam you will see the Planck length” Adrian Ferent That is why: “There are not Black Holes at Planck wall” Adrian Ferent “What you learned from your professors, from your books, from the greatest scientists… about Black Holes is wrong” Adrian Ferent Length contraction: Length contraction is the phenomenon of a decrease in length of an object as measured by an observer which is traveling at any non-zero velocity relative to the object and it is usually only noticeable at a substantial fraction of the speed of light. What means l = 0 from Special theory of relativity in Ferent Quantum Gravity? “In Ferent Quantum Gravity l = 0 from Special theory of relativity, means l ≤ Planck length” Adrian Ferent This means: “In Ferent Quantum Gravity l = 0 at the speed of light from Special theory of relativity, means l = Planck length” Adrian Ferent “In Ferent Quantum Gravity l = 0 at the speed Faster Than Light from Special theory of relativity, means l < Planck length” Adrian Ferent “In Ferent Quantum Gravity l = 0 at the speed of the gravitons v = 1.001762 × 10^17 m/s from Special theory of relativity, means l = Ferent length” Adrian Ferent That is why Special theory of relativity is wrong. Ferent length: lF = 1.296 × 10^(-69) m “In Ferent Quantum Gravity riding alongside a graviton you will see the Ferent length” Adrian Ferent That is why: “Because Gravitons travel Faster Than Light, they do not see Matter, they see only Dark Matter” Adrian Ferent “Gravitons moving Faster Than Light, they see Black Holes” Adrian Ferent “What you learned from your professors, from your books, from the greatest scientists… about Dark Matter is wrong” Adrian Ferent You learned from your professors, from your books, from journals, from the greatest scientists… about Dark Matter: The majority of Dark Matter is non-baryonic in nature. Candidates for non-baryonic Dark Matter are hypothetical particles such as axions, sterile neutrinos… This means Dark Matter is limited to Planck length, but I explained there are not Black Holes at Planck wall because there are Photons. Stolen (quotations against Plagiarism) from Ferent Quantum Gravity in 2016–2017 the idea of dense Dark Matter or Dark Matter being Black Holes, Primordial Black Holes. The idea of dense Dark Matter or Dark Matter being Black Holes, Primordial Black Holes following results of gravitational wave detection. LIGO and gravitational wave detection is a fraud. You learned at universities, from books, from journals…about Black Holes, Primordial Black Holes at Planck wall, but Black Holes, Primordial Black Holes at Planck wall do not exist. Dense Dark Matter is Ferent Matter. Ferent Matter was created at Ferent wall, beyond the Planck wall. That is why: “Black Holes are Ferent Matter” Adrian Ferent But you see on TV, YouTube wrong things about Wormholes, how scientists like Michio Kaku, Kip Thorne… can travel trough a Black Hole! “What you learned from your professors, from your books, from the greatest scientists… about Black Holes is wrong” Adrian Ferent This is another proof that Ferent Quantum Gravity is the right Gravitation theory and all quantum gravity theories like String theory, LQG… are wrong theories because Einstein’s Gravitation theory is wrong and limited to the speed of light. 142. I am the first who discovered that in the photoelectric effect the photons interact with the electrons at Planck length 143. I am the first who discovered that in photon-photon collisions, the photons interact at Planck length 144. I am the first who discovered that the photons see the Electron’s size as Planck length 145. I am the first who discovered that there are not Black Holes at Planck wall 146. I am the first who explained that what you learned from your professors, from your books, from the greatest scientists… about Black Holes is wrong 147. I am the first who explained that in Ferent Quantum Gravity l = 0 at the speed Faster Than Light from Special theory of relativity, means l < Planck length 148. I am the first who explained that in Ferent Quantum Gravity l = 0 at the speed of the gravitons v = 1.001762 × 10^17 m/s from Special theory of relativity, means l = Ferent length 149. I am the first who discovered that in Ferent Quantum Gravity riding alongside a Graviton you will see the Ferent length 150. I am the first who discovered that Gravitons travel Faster Than Light, they do not see Matter, they see only Dark Matter 151. I am the first who discovered that Gravitons moving Faster Than Light, they see Black Holes 152. I am the first who explained what you learned from your professors, from your books, from the greatest scientists… about Dark Matter is wrong
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[181] viXra:1811.0222 [pdf] replaced on 2019-10-27 16:08:48

Real Numbers in the Neighborhood of Infinity

Authors: Jonathan W. Tooker
Comments: 32 Pages.

We demonstrate the existence of a broad class of real numbers which are not elements of any number field: those in the neighborhood of infinity. After considering the reals and the affinely extended reals, we prove that numbers in the neighborhood of infinity are ordinary real numbers of the type detailed in Euclid's Elements. We show that real numbers in the neighborhood of infinity obey the Archimedes property of real numbers. The main result is an application in complex analysis. We show that the Riemann zeta function has infinitely many non-trivial zeros off the critical line in the neighborhood of infinity.
Category: Functions and Analysis

[180] viXra:1811.0221 [pdf] replaced on 2018-11-25 06:33:29

Hoyle-Wickramasinghe Panspermia is Far More Than a Hypothesis

Authors: Edward J. Steele, Reginald M. Gorczynski, Gensuke Tokoro, Dayal T. Wickramasinghe, N. Chandra Wickramasinghe
Comments: 15 Pages.

The hypothesis of life being a cosmic rather than a terrestrial phenomenon has evolved from the mid 1970's onwards and is documented in an extensive body of publications by Fred Hoyle, Chandra Wickramasinghe and their many collaborators and students in the columns of Nature and other peer-reviewed journals.  After nearly 5 decades of pursuing a rigorous Popperian prediction/verification cycle, and the emergence of a vast body of astronomical and biological evidence, the reigning Aristotelean dogma of Earth-bound abiogenesis is now seriously threatened.  A paradigm shift to the H-W theory of cosmic life (H-W Panspermia) has been long overdue, and is currently held back mostly by sociological impediments. Here we outline the special subset of scientific facts which constitute, in our minds, the demarcation data set which distinguishes the terrestrial theory of evolution (neo-Darwinism) based on abiogenesis from the new cosmic theory of evolution (H-W Panspermia).
Category: Physics of Biology

[179] viXra:1811.0218 [pdf] replaced on 2018-11-19 10:29:18

Witte Vlekken in de Natuurkunde

Authors: J.A.J. van Leunen
Comments: 5 Pages. The document is part of the Hilbert Book Model Project

De natuurkunde blijkt nog een flink aantal witte plekken te omvatten. Kennelijk is dat niet erg essentieel voor de goede werking van de toegepaste natuurkunde. Via wat slimme stappen kunnen een aantal van de witte vlekken worden aangepakt. Dat levert frappante en niet gedachte resultaten op.
Category: Quantum Physics

[178] viXra:1811.0217 [pdf] replaced on 2018-12-13 03:25:53

Fluid State of Dirac Quantum Particles

Authors: Vu B Ho
Comments: 18 Pages. This paper has been published in Journal of Modern Physics,9, 2402-2419, 2018.

In our previous works we suggest that quantum particles are composite physical objects endowed with the geometric and topological structures of their corresponding differentiable manifolds that would allow them to imitate and adapt to physical environments. In this work we show that Dirac equation in fact describes quantum particles as composite structures that are in a fluid state in which the components of the wavefunction can be identified with the stream function and the velocity potential of a potential flow formulated in the theory of classical fluids. We also show that Dirac quantum particles can manifest as standing waves which are the result of the superposition of two fluid flows moving in opposite directions. However, for a steady motion a Dirac quantum particle does not exhibit a wave motion even though it has the potential to establish a wave within its physical structure, therefore, without an external disturbance a Dirac quantum particle may be considered as a classical particle defined in classical physics. And furthermore, from the fact that there are two identical fluid flows in opposite directions within their physical structures, the fluid state model of Dirac quantum particles can be used to explain why fermions are spin-half particles.
Category: Quantum Physics

[177] viXra:1811.0216 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-13 05:32:55

Neural Nets in Cell RNA Sequencing

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 31 Pages.

Computer scientists at Carnegie Mellon University say neural networks and supervised machine learning techniques can efficiently characterize cells that have been studied using single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq). [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18] An LMU team now reveals the inner workings of a molecular motor made of proteins which packs and unpacks DNA. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15] Scientists from Moscow State University (MSU) working with an international team of researchers have identified the structure of one of the key regions of telomerase—a so-called "cellular immortality" ribonucleoprotein. [14] Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University used a light-sensitive iridium-palladium catalyst to make "sequential" polymers, using visible light to change how building blocks are combined into polymer chains. [13] Researchers have fused living and non-living cells for the first time in a way that allows them to work together, paving the way for new applications. [12] UZH researchers have discovered a previously unknown way in which proteins interact with one another and cells organize themselves. [11] Dr Martin Sweatman from the University of Edinburgh's School of Engineering has discovered a simple physical principle that might explain how life started on Earth. [10] Nearly 75 years ago, Nobel Prize-winning physicist Erwin Schrödinger wondered if the mysterious world of quantum mechanics played a role in biology. A recent finding by Northwestern University's Prem Kumar adds further evidence that the answer might be yes. [9]
Category: Physics of Biology

[176] viXra:1811.0215 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-13 06:36:17

Question 481: On Integrals

Authors: Edgar Valdebenito
Comments: 2 Pages.

In this note we give some integrals.
Category: General Mathematics

[175] viXra:1811.0214 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-13 06:40:17

Elementary Fractals: Part I

Authors: Edgar Valdebenito
Comments: 109 Pages.

This note presents a collection of elementary fractals.
Category: Geometry

[174] viXra:1811.0213 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-13 07:07:23

Chiral Majorana Fermions

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 53 Pages.

Now, researchers have proposed a scheme to control the transport of chiral Majorana edge modes in a ring-shaped Josephson junction of a topological superconductor using magnetic flux. [33] With their insensitivity to decoherence, Majorana particles could become stable building blocks of quantum computers. [32] A team of researchers at the University of Maryland has found a new way to route photons at the micrometer scale without scattering by building a topological quantum optics interface. [31]
Category: Quantum Physics

[173] viXra:1811.0212 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-13 07:45:42

Dark Matter Hurricane

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 27 Pages.

A team of researchers from Universidad de Zaragoza, King's College London and the Institute of Astronomy in the U.K. has found that a "dark matter hurricane" passing through our solar system offers a better than usual chance of detecting axions. [22] Researchers have declared October 31st "Dark Matter Day," a day with many events dedicated to dark matter all over the world. [21] Scientists have a new window into the search for dark matter – an acrylic vessel that features a grouping of 12-foot-tall transparent tanks with 1-inch-thick walls. [20] Fermilab scientists are harnessing quantum technology in the search for dark matter. [19] According to a new study, they could also potentially detect dark matter, if dark matter is composed of a particular kind of particle called a "dark photon." [18] A global team of scientists, including two University of Mississippi physicists, has found that the same instruments used in the historic discovery of gravitational waves caused by colliding black holes could help unlock the secrets of dark matter, a mysterious and as-yet-unobserved component of the universe. [17] The lack of so-called " dark photons " in electron-positron collision data rules out scenarios in which these hypothetical particles explain the muon's magnetic moment. [16] By reproducing the complexity of the cosmos through unprecedented simulations, a new study highlights the importance of the possible behaviour of very high-energy photons. In their journey through intergalactic magnetic fields, such photons could be transformed into axions and thus avoid being absorbed. [15] Scientists have detected a mysterious X-ray signal that could be caused by dark matter streaming out of our Sun's core. Hidden photons are predicted in some extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics, and unlike WIMPs they would interact electromagnetically with normal matter. In particle physics and astrophysics, weakly interacting massive particles, or WIMPs, are among the leading hypothetical particle physics candidates for dark matter. The gravitational force attracting the matter, causing concentration of the matter in a small space and leaving much space with low matter concentration: dark matter and energy. There is an asymmetry between the mass of the electric charges, for example proton and electron, can understood by the asymmetrical Planck Distribution Law. This temperature dependent energy distribution is asymmetric around the maximum intensity, where the annihilation of matter and antimatter is a high probability event. The asymmetric sides are creating different frequencies of electromagnetic radiations being in the same intensity level and compensating each other. One of these compensating ratios is the electron – proton mass ratio. The lower energy side has no compensating intensity level, it is the dark energy and the corresponding matter is the dark matter.
Category: Astrophysics

[172] viXra:1811.0211 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-13 08:01:46

Nuevo Algoritmo de Multiplicación.

Authors: Zeolla Gabriel Martín
Comments: 9 Pages. Idioma: Español

Este documento desarrolla y demuestra el descubrimiento de un nuevo algoritmo de multiplicación que funciona absolutamente con todos los números.
Category: Number Theory

[171] viXra:1811.0210 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-13 08:20:37

Time and Antimatter

Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 2 Pages.

in a balanced curvature creation event, there are very few possibilities about the question: "what happened to all the antimatter?"; very specific lines of research are proposed to help answer it
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[170] viXra:1811.0209 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-13 08:25:23

Encrypted Quantum Keys Record

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 48 Pages.

Encrypted quantum keys have been sent across a record-breaking 421 km of optical fibre at the fastest data rate ever achieved for long-distance transmission. [34] The companies constructed an application for data transmission via optical fiber lines, which when combined with high-speed quantum cryptography communications technologies demonstrated practical key distribution speeds even in a real-world environment. [33] Nanosized magnetic particles called skyrmions are considered highly promising candidates for new data storage and information technologies. [32] They do this by using "excitons," electrically neutral quasiparticles that exist in insulators, semiconductors and in some liquids. [31] Researchers at ETH Zurich have now developed a method that makes it possible to couple such a spin qubit strongly to microwave photons. [30] Quantum dots that emit entangled photon pairs on demand could be used in quantum communication networks. [29] Researchers successfully integrated the systems—donor atoms and quantum dots. [28] A team of researchers including U of A engineering and physics faculty has developed a new method of detecting single photons, or light particles, using quantum dots. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24] In a joint research project, scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI), the Technische Universität Berlin (TU) and the University of Rostock have managed for the first time to image free nanoparticles in a laboratory experiment using a highintensity laser source. [23] For the first time, researchers have built a nanolaser that uses only a single molecular layer, placed on a thin silicon beam, which operates at room temperature. [22]
Category: Quantum Physics

[169] viXra:1811.0205 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-13 11:55:31

Increase of Reliability of Escalators at Metro Stations

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 2 Pages. -

The reason of frequent repairs of escalators is considered
Category: Classical Physics

[168] viXra:1811.0202 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-13 21:50:17

‘Missing’ Features of Temporal Elasticity and Gravistrong

Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 2 Pages.

Lorentz contraction and Lense-Thirring are dealt with appropriately
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[167] viXra:1811.0200 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-14 05:34:45

Microworld_51. Unsolved Problems of Physics_ 11

Authors: N.N.Leonov
Comments: 22 Pages. English and russian texts

Сauses of Half-Century Failures in the Thermonuclear Problem. “Hot” nuclear fusion. “Cold” fusion. The article describes possible fusion reactions of instantly self-disintegrating nuclei of 5Li and 8Ве. There has been a preliminary estimate of the efficiency of such reactions for building controllable light nuclei power reactors considered. In the early two thousands, EmDrive (R.Shawyer) and Antigravity Engine (V. Leonov) were invented which operation principles were known neither to the inventors nor to the contemporary science. Studies based on the methods of the theory of non-linear oscillations found that those devices were flow-through engines wherein jets are made of ether and the magnetic field acts as a compressor.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[166] viXra:1811.0199 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-12 05:48:52

Physical Time and Time Clock

Authors: Daniele Sasso
Comments: 12 Pages.

Time is a fundamental quantity in physics and its definition has generated many problems starting from Newton’s philosophical absolute time. Einstein searched for giving an operative definition of time through the use of unreal ideal clocks and of rays of light. In this paper we will search for giving a physical definition of time pointing out the necessity of avoiding in physics mistakes connected whether with Newton’s exclusively philosophical definition, taken out of the scientific context, or with Einstein’s operative definition through unreal clocks. We will prove nevertheless also the use of real clocks raises generally problems because of their real working and of the inadequacy of measuring instruments.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[165] viXra:1811.0198 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-12 07:04:54

Unresolved Question of the Piloted Astronautics

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 2 Pages. -

The question of adaptation to zero gravity is considered
Category: Classical Physics

[164] viXra:1811.0197 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-12 06:58:56

Create Mirror Molecules

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 56 Pages.

Exploring the mystery of molecular handedness in nature, scientists have proposed a new experimental scheme to create custom-made mirror molecules for analysis. [34] Identifying right-handed and left-handed molecules is a crucial step for many applications in chemistry and pharmaceutics. [33] A team of researchers from several institutions in Japan has described a physical system that can be described as existing above "absolute hot" and also below absolute zero. [32] A silicon-based quantum computing device could be closer than ever due to a new experimental device that demonstrates the potential to use light as a messenger to connect quantum bits of information—known as qubits—that are not immediately adjacent to each other. [31] Researchers at the University of Bristol's Quantum Engineering Technology Labs have demonstrated a new type of silicon chip that can help building and testing quantum computers and could find their way into your mobile phone to secure information. [30] Theoretical physicists propose to use negative interference to control heat flow in quantum devices. [29] Particle physicists are studying ways to harness the power of the quantum realm to further their research. [28] A fundamental barrier to scaling quantum computing machines is "qubit interference." In new research published in Science Advances, engineers and physicists from Rigetti Computing describe a breakthrough that can expand the size of practical quantum processors by reducing interference. [26] The search and manipulation of novel properties emerging from the quantum nature of matter could lead to next-generation electronics and quantum computers. [25] A research team from Lab) has found the first evidence that a shaking motion in the structure of an atomically thin (2-D) material possesses a naturally occurring circular rotation. [24]
Category: Condensed Matter

[163] viXra:1811.0196 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-12 07:31:14

Bending DNA

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 31 Pages.

The way DNA folds largely determines which genes are read out. John van Noort and his group have quantified how easily rolled-up DNA parts stack. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18] An LMU team now reveals the inner workings of a molecular motor made of proteins which packs and unpacks DNA. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15] Scientists from Moscow State University (MSU) working with an international team of researchers have identified the structure of one of the key regions of telomerase—a so-called "cellular immortality" ribonucleoprotein. [14] Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University used a light-sensitive iridium-palladium catalyst to make "sequential" polymers, using visible light to change how building blocks are combined into polymer chains. [13] Researchers have fused living and non-living cells for the first time in a way that allows them to work together, paving the way for new applications. [12] UZH researchers have discovered a previously unknown way in which proteins interact with one another and cells organize themselves. [11] Dr Martin Sweatman from the University of Edinburgh's School of Engineering has discovered a simple physical principle that might explain how life started on Earth. [10] Nearly 75 years ago, Nobel Prize-winning physicist Erwin Schrödinger wondered if the mysterious world of quantum mechanics played a role in biology. A recent finding by Northwestern University's Prem Kumar adds further evidence that the answer might be yes. [9]
Category: Physics of Biology

[162] viXra:1811.0195 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-12 07:58:56

Genes Give Vegetables Shape

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 32 Pages.

Researchers at the University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences have recently found the genetic mechanism that controls the shape of our favorite fruits, vegetables and grains. [20] The way DNA folds largely determines which genes are read out. John van Noort and his group have quantified how easily rolled-up DNA parts stack. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18] An LMU team now reveals the inner workings of a molecular motor made of proteins which packs and unpacks DNA. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15] Scientists from Moscow State University (MSU) working with an international team of researchers have identified the structure of one of the key regions of telomerase—a so-called "cellular immortality" ribonucleoprotein. [14] Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University used a light-sensitive iridium-palladium catalyst to make "sequential" polymers, using visible light to change how building blocks are combined into polymer chains. [13] Researchers have fused living and non-living cells for the first time in a way that allows them to work together, paving the way for new applications. [12] UZH researchers have discovered a previously unknown way in which proteins interact with one another and cells organize themselves. [11] Dr Martin Sweatman from the University of Edinburgh's School of Engineering has discovered a simple physical principle that might explain how life started on Earth. [10] Nearly 75 years ago, Nobel Prize-winning physicist Erwin Schrödinger wondered if the mysterious world of quantum mechanics played a role in biology.
Category: Physics of Biology

[161] viXra:1811.0194 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-12 09:07:17

Atomic Parity Violation Milestone

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 56 Pages.

Physicists at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU) have recently succeeded in observing parity violation in ytterbium atoms with different numbers of neutrons. [35] Exploring the mystery of molecular handedness in nature, scientists have proposed a new experimental scheme to create custom-made mirror molecules for analysis. [34] Identifying right-handed and left-handed molecules is a crucial step for many applications in chemistry and pharmaceutics. [33] A team of researchers from several institutions in Japan has described a physical system that can be described as existing above "absolute hot" and also below absolute zero. [32] A silicon-based quantum computing device could be closer than ever due to a new experimental device that demonstrates the potential to use light as a messenger to connect quantum bits of information—known as qubits—that are not immediately adjacent to each other. [31] Researchers at the University of Bristol's Quantum Engineering Technology Labs have demonstrated a new type of silicon chip that can help building and testing quantum computers and could find their way into your mobile phone to secure information. [30] Theoretical physicists propose to use negative interference to control heat flow in quantum devices. [29] Particle physicists are studying ways to harness the power of the quantum realm to further their research. [28] A fundamental barrier to scaling quantum computing machines is "qubit interference." In new research published in Science Advances, engineers and physicists from Rigetti Computing describe a breakthrough that can expand the size of practical quantum processors by reducing interference. [26] The search and manipulation of novel properties emerging from the quantum nature of matter could lead to next-generation electronics and quantum computers. [25] A research team from Lab) has found the first evidence that a shaking motion in the structure of an atomically thin (2-D) material possesses a naturally occurring circular rotation. [24]
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[160] viXra:1811.0193 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-12 09:36:01

Unified Theory of Frustrated Magnets

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 52 Pages.

For the first time, physicists present a unified theory explaining two characteristic features of frustrated magnets and why they're often seen together. [33] Björn Alling, researcher in theoretical physics at Linköping University, has, together with his colleagues, completed the task given to him by the Swedish Research Council in the autumn of 2014: Find out what happens inside magnetic materials at high temperatures. [32] Generating complex multi-principle element TMDCs essential for the future development of new generations of quantum, electronic, and energy conversion materials is difficult. [31] An international scientific team, which included scientists from China, Israel, England and Russia, has developed a new method for measuring the response of crystals on the electric field. [30] In the perspective, Gabor and Song collect early examples in electron metamaterials and distil emerging design strategies for electronic control from them. [29] Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) researchers are working to make better electronic devices by delving into the way nanocrystals are arranged inside of them. [28] Self-assembly and crystallisation of nanoparticles (NPs) is generally a complex process, based on the evaporation or precipitation of NP-building blocks. [27]
Category: Condensed Matter

[159] viXra:1811.0192 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-12 10:00:53

Nanoscale Robotic Systems

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 32 Pages.

A single-molecule DNA “navigator” that can successfully find its way out of a maze constructed on a 2D DNA origami platform might be used in artificial intelligence applications as well as in biomolecular assembly, sensing, DNA-driven computation and molecular information and storage. [20] The way DNA folds largely determines which genes are read out. John van Noort and his group have quantified how easily rolled-up DNA parts stack. [19]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[158] viXra:1811.0190 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-12 10:21:33

Nanoparticles for Medical Applications

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 34 Pages.

Diagnosing diseases and understanding the processes that take place within cells at the molecular level require sensitive and selective diagnostic instruments. [21] A single-molecule DNA " navigator " that can successfully find its way out of a maze constructed on a 2D DNA origami platform might be used in artificial intelligence applications as well as in biomolecular assembly, sensing, DNA-driven computation and molecular information and storage. [20] The way DNA folds largely determines which genes are read out. John van Noort and his group have quantified how easily rolled-up DNA parts stack. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18] An LMU team now reveals the inner workings of a molecular motor made of proteins which packs and unpacks DNA. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15] Scientists from Moscow State University (MSU) working with an international team of researchers have identified the structure of one of the key regions of telomerase—a so-called "cellular immortality" ribonucleoprotein. [14] Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University used a light-sensitive iridium-palladium catalyst to make "sequential" polymers, using visible light to change how building blocks are combined into polymer chains. [13] Researchers have fused living and non-living cells for the first time in a way that allows them to work together, paving the way for new applications. [12] UZH researchers have discovered a previously unknown way in which proteins interact with one another and cells organize themselves. [11]
Category: Physics of Biology

[157] viXra:1811.0189 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-12 10:43:34

Big Data Predict the Future

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 75 Pages.

When building a predictive model, reliable results depend on two issues: the number of variables that come into play and the number of examples entered into the system. [46] A new computational approach that allows the identification of molecular alterations associated with prognosis and resistance to therapy of different types of cancer was developed by the research group led by Nuno Barbosa Morais at Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (iMM; Portugal). [45] A discovery by scientists at UC Riverside may open up new ways to control steroid hormone-mediated processes, including growth and development in insects, and sexual maturation, immunity, and cancer progression in humans. [44] New 3-D maps of water distribution during cellular membrane fusion are accelerating scientific understanding of cell development, which could lead to new treatments for diseases associated with cell fusion. [43] Thanks to the invention of a technique called super-resolution fluorescence microscopy, it has recently become possible to view even the smaller parts of a living cell. [42] A new instrument lets researchers use multiple laser beams and a microscope to trap and move cells and then analyze them in real-time with a sensitive analysis technique known as Raman spectroscopy. [41] All systems are go for launch in November of NASA's Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) mission, which will use high-resolution laser ranging to study Earth's forests and topography from the International Space Station (ISS). [40] Scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI) in Berlin combined state-of-the-art experiments and numerical simulations to test a fundamental assumption underlying strong-field physics. [39] Femtosecond lasers are capable of processing any solid material with high quality and high precision using their ultrafast and ultra-intense characteristics. [38] To create the flying microlaser, the researchers launched laser light into a water-filled hollow core fiber to optically trap the microparticle. Like the materials used to make traditional lasers, the microparticle incorporates a gain medium. [37]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[156] viXra:1811.0188 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-12 15:13:07

Neptune Data shows The Solar Group Geometry (Part 2)

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 10 Pages.

Simply…. Are these relationships found based on Geometrical Reasons or by pure coincidences? Some Examples (1) -Mercury Saturn Distance = Neptune Pluto Distance = 1375 mkm -Saturn Pluto Distance =Mercury Neptune Distance = 4437 mkm -Mars orbital circumference 1433.5 mkm = Saturn orbital distance = Uranus Saturn distance = Neptune orbital distance /π = -Jupiter Pluto distance 5092 mkm = Uranus Neptune distance x π -Saturn orbital distance 1433.5mkm= Saturn diameter x Venus diameter = (Venus Circumference)2= (2) i.Earth Moon Distance at Perigee point =363000 km = Solar Outer Planets Diameters Total (error 1%) ii.Earth Moon Distance at Apogee point =406000 km = Solar Planets Diameters Total iii.The Distance between Perigee and Apogee = 40000km = Inner Solar Planets Diameters Total = Earth Circumference. iv.Earth daily motion = The moon orbit circumference at apogee radius (r=406000 km) v.Saturn Circumference = Earth Moon Distance at total solar eclipse radius (r=377000km) vi.Note Please/ Solar Planets Diameters Total= 2 Jupiter diameters + 1 Saturn diameter (i.e. Jupiter diameter = 8 solar planets diameters total) vii.2 Neptune Circumference = outer planets diameters total (without Neptune) (1.8%) (3) -Sun Diameter = Jupiter Diameter x π2 (error 1.4%) And -Saturn Diameter = Venus Diameter x π2 (error 0.8%) (4) -Jupiter orbital Period 4331 days = Mars Orbital Period 687 days x 2π (error 0.3%) -Mars Orbital Period 687 days = Earth Orbital Period 365.25 days x 1.9 (Mars orbital inclination = 1.9 degrees) -Mars Orbital Period 687 days = Moon Orbital Period 27.3 days x 25.2 (Mars axial tilt= 25.2 degrees) -Saturn orbital period10747 d.=Earth orbital period 365.25 d. x Synodic month 29.5 d. (5) -17.4 degree (inner planet orbital inclinations total) x 0.99 = 17.2 degree (Pluto orbital inclination) -23.6 degree (outer planet orbital inclinations total) x 0.99 = 23.4 degree (Earth axial tilt (6) -Mercury moves a distance = 720 mkm during his day period (4222.6 hours) (Mercury Jupiter Distance = 720 mkm)! -Venus orbital circumference = 680 mkm but Venus Jupiter distance = 670 mkm (error 1.5%) -Earth orbital circumference = 940 mkm but Earth Jupiter distance (when both of them be at 2 different sides from the sun = 778.6 mkm +149.6 mkm = 928.2 mkm (error 1.25%)… why 3 planets define their orbital distances relating to their positions from Jupiter?!
Category: Astrophysics

[155] viXra:1811.0187 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-13 01:51:35

Fast Sublithospheric Currents an Overlooked Cause of Biospheric Extinctions?

Authors: Edgars Alksnis
Comments: 3 Pages.

In vortical world, direct exposure to “torsion” radiation from turbulent melted rocks should be dangerous
Category: Geophysics

[154] viXra:1811.0186 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-13 02:30:14

The Volkov Solution of the Dirac Equation with the Higgs Field

Authors: Miroslav Pardy
Comments: 8 Pages. The original ideas

We determine the power radiation formula of the electron moving in the plane wave Higgs potential from the Volkov solution of the Dirac equation. The Higgs potential is here the vector extension of the scalar Higgs potential. The Higgs bosons mass is involved in the power radiation formula. The article represents the unification of the particle and the laser physics.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[153] viXra:1811.0185 [pdf] replaced on 2019-11-05 10:50:34

What is a Neutrino?

Authors: Michael Tzoumpas
Comments: 4 Pages.

The emission of antineutrinos is interpreted by the inductive-inertial phenomenon as independent E/M formations, which are created when a neutron breaks down into a proton and an electron (beta decay). Specically, at the contact limits of the neutron quarks, due to the acceleration of the surface charges of the neutron cortex, the adjacent opposite units are strongly accelerated, causing grouping units outside the neutron cortex as independent E/M formations of one spindle.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[152] viXra:1811.0184 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-13 03:33:17

Microworld_50. Unsolved Problems of Physics_ 10

Authors: N.N.Leonov
Comments: 20 Pages. English and russian texts

Axiomatization of physics that D. Gilbert hankered after is implemented by methods of the theory of non-linear oscillations, using Mandelstam-Andronov’s applied scientific methodology. The article describes a mechanism of external influence on behavior of photons. The variability of microobject mass. The flow of energy of matter in motion. Mass-energy equivalence. Collapse. Annihilation. Mass defect.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[151] viXra:1811.0183 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-11 09:52:40

Sea to Land Animal Transformation: An Expansion to the Elysium Transition in Stellar Metamorphosis

Authors: Jeffrey Joseph Wolynski
Comments: 2 Pages. 1 hand drawn illustration

An expansion to the Elysium transition is made concerning the evolution of life on Earth. It is proposed that life transformed from sea to land capable animals at the poles, and moved its way towards the equator as the oceans thinned during late ocean world stages of stellar evolution. Explanation is provided.
Category: Astrophysics

[150] viXra:1811.0182 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-11 10:01:02

Fast, Accurate AI Training

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 45 Pages.

Researchers at Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU) have partnered with a team from Tencent Machine Learning to create a new technique for training artificial intelligence (AI) machines faster than ever before while maintaining accuracy. [27]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[149] viXra:1811.0181 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-11 12:03:53

Nano-Scale Hi-Tech Products

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 52 Pages.

An inexpensive way to make products incorporating nanoparticles—such as high-performance energy devices or sophisticated diagnostic tests—has been developed by researchers. [32] Researchers from Empa and ETH Zurich, together with colleagues from IBM Research Zurich, have recently been able to create this effect with long-range ordered nanocrystal superlattices. [31] The optical tweezer is revealing new capabilities while helping scientists understand HYPERLINK "https://phys.org/tags/quantum+mechanics/" quantum mechanics, the theory that explains nature in terms of subatomic particles. [30] In the perspective, Gabor and Song collect early examples in electron metamaterials and distil emerging design strategies for electronic control from them. [29] Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) researchers are working to make better electronic devices by delving into the way nanocrystals are arranged inside of them. [28] Self-assembly and crystallisation of nanoparticles (NPs) is generally a complex process, based on the evaporation or precipitation of NP-building blocks. [27] New nanoparticle-based films that are more than 80 times thinner than a human hair may help to fill this need by providing materials that can holographically archive more than 1000 times more data than a DVD in a 10-by-10-centimeter piece of film. [26] Researches of scientists from South Ural State University are implemented within this area. [25] Following three years of extensive research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HU) physicist Dr. Uriel Levy and his team have created technology that will enable computers and all optic communication devices to run 100 times faster through terahertz microchips. [24] When the energy efficiency of electronics poses a challenge, magnetic materials may have a solution. [23]
Category: Condensed Matter

[148] viXra:1811.0179 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-11 19:03:33

Formula of Π

Authors: Yuji Masuda
Comments: 1 Page.

This formula shows Π.
Category: Number Theory

[147] viXra:1811.0178 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-11 19:03:29

"Neptune Data shows The Solar Group Geometry"

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 10 Pages.

Neptune Data supports the following conclusions: 1-The solar group is created from one energy only 2-The solar group is built by one geometrical structure and each planet is a part in this geometrical structure (or the solar group is a body and each planet is a member in it) 3-This geometrical structure causes to produce all solar planets data to be suitable for its job in this geometrical structure (which guarantees the planets motions harmony) 4-The solar planet motion real trajectory is square but we see it as an ellipse because of the moon orbit geometrical effect. 5-The Metonic Cycle (6939.75 days) is a motion in a vertical level relative to the solar inner planets horizontal level. 6-The moon orbit regression yearly 19 degrees is done because of Neptune and Uranus effect on the moon orbit geometrical structure.
Category: Astrophysics

[146] viXra:1811.0177 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-11 21:52:36

The Irrational Standard Model vs ...

Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 5 Pages. subcategory: Nuclear Physics

the strong points and reasoning of the Standard Model are presented, the useless artifices of it are explored, and a simpler more comprehensive model is presented
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[145] viXra:1811.0176 [pdf] replaced on 2019-03-07 18:23:07

Computational Assignment of Vibrational Frequency Bands Facilitates the Identification of Interstellar Peptides and Spectroscopic Parallaxes.

Authors: Pardis Tabaee Damavandi, Richard W Pickersgill, Martin T Dove
Comments: 5 Pages.

Spectroscopic parallax is the measure of the distance between two stars or celestial objects and relies on the stellar spectral type and luminosity class defined by the Morgan-Keenan classification system. UV, IR (Infrared), Raman or Optical spectrographic instruments are integrated in many telescopes and are used to obtain information on brightness, temperature (surface), density and velocities. Stars are classified based on their type and on their brightness, which allow us to obtain distances to them, however, with previous classification systems, the star’s size (dwarf, giant or supergiant) and composition (heavy metal versus carbon stars) were also used. The Morgan-Keenan classification offers information on the star colour (very blue, red) and the type, although the infrared wavelengths are approximately > 9000 Å, falling in the near-infrared range; spectra can be ulteriorly divided into continuous, band and linear. Band spectra are usually descriptive of molecular compounds and are the ones that we immersed in, by venturing an interpretation of the Raman-IR band spectra of neutral glycine (or NT glycine). Our method consisted in using vibrational dynamics (VD), the study of atomic oscillations within a molecule, after obtaining experimental vibrations for glycine through Raman or IR literature data. These techniques have been widely used in the past, along with X-ray or neutron scattering diffraction techniques, however, in recent years, researchers have used density functional theory, ab intio, or other computer simulation methods that facilitate band recognition. The goal of this work is to apply vibrational dynamics studies to the structure of NT glycine, and to then compare these values with its IR and Raman frequencies. By analyzing both simulation results and empirical data, we gain important information about the vibration modes of glycine. This study also shows that ‘invisible’ bands can be ‘detected’ with this technique. VD could therefore be used in the measurement of stellar abundances and to refine the quality of experimental Raman-IR data.
Category: Astrophysics

[144] viXra:1811.0175 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-12 03:47:07

Microworld_49. Unsolved Problems of Physics_ 9

Authors: N.N.Leonov
Comments: 30 Pages. English and russian texts

Axiomatization of physics that D. Gilbert hankered after is implemented by methods of the theory of non-linear oscillations, using Mandelstam-Andronov’s applied scientific methodology
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[143] viXra:1811.0173 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-10 05:45:15

Calculation of the Atomic Masses

Authors: Dezso Sarkadi
Comments: 3 Pages.

According to the generally accepted physical theory, the synthesis of the elements may happen at a very high temperature in supernova explosions. In consequence of nuclear fusion, the supernova stars emit a very strong electromagnetic (EM) radiation, predominantly in form of X-rays and gamma rays. The intensive EM radiation drastically decreases the masses of the exploding stars, directly causing mass defects of the resulting atoms. The description of black body EM radiation is based on the famous Planck's radiation theory, which supposes the existence of independent quantum oscillators inside the black body. In this paper, it is supposed that in exploding supernova stars, the EM radiating oscillators can be identied with the nascent elements losing their specic yields of their own rest masses in consequence of the radiation process. The nal binding energy of the atoms (nuclei) is additionally determined by the strong neutrino radiation what also follows the Maxwell- Boltzmann distribution in the extremly high temperature. Extending Planck's radiation law for discrete radiation energies, a very simple formula is obtained for the theoretical determination of the atomic masses. In addition, the newly introduced theoretical model gives the fusion temperature what is necessary for the generation of the atoms of the Periodic Table. Keywords: nuclear binding energy, Planck radiation law, generation of atoms, the origin of the elements, new theoretical model of the nuclear synthesis, fusion temperature.
Category: Quantum Physics

[142] viXra:1811.0172 [pdf] replaced on 2019-05-28 10:46:42

Dynamic Gravity Experiment with Accelerated Masses

Authors: Dezso Sarkadi
Comments: 4 Pages.

The nearly 300-year success of the Newtonian gravitation theory has always been based on the implicit assumption that the gravitational force is the same strong between standing and moving masses. In the 1990s, in Hungary, gravitational experiments were carried out in which gravitational effects were studied between moved masses. Surprisingly, by the outer force moved source masses generated more powerful gravitational force than Newtonian gravity. In addition, depending on the direction of moved masses, gravitational repulsion has been observed. Theoretical studies have shown that the newly discovered gravitational phenomenon appears when the interacted masses are moved artificially by inner and/or outer forces.
Category: Classical Physics

[141] viXra:1811.0171 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-10 06:59:00

Graphene Superconductivity

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 49 Pages.

Scientists at HZB have found evidence that double layers of graphene have a property that may let them conduct current completely without resistance. [28] US researchers studying high-temperature cuprate superconductors outside the superconducting regime have used cutting-edge X-ray scattering to detect long-predicted – but never previously observed – excitations called plasmons perpendicular to the material’s atomic planes. [27] Using solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) techniques, scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy's Ames Laboratory discovered a new quantum criticality in a superconducting material, leading to a greater understanding of the link between magnetism and unconventional superconductivity. [26] Improving these devices could mean more powerful computers, better detectors of disease and technological advances scientists can't even predict yet. [25] Researchers at the Schliesser Lab at the Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, have demonstrated a new way to address a central problem in quantum physics: at the quantum scale, any measurement disturbs the measured object. [24]
Category: Condensed Matter

[140] viXra:1811.0170 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-10 07:58:10

Time Travel of Stephen Hawking

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 41 Pages.

Stephen Hawking's final book suggests time travel may one day be possible – here's what to make of it. [26] The arrow of time and the accelerated expansion are two fundamental empirical facts of the universe. [25] The intensive, worldwide search for dark matter, the missing mass in the universe, has so far failed to find an abundance of dark, massive stars or scads of strange new weakly interacting particles, but a new candidate is slowly gaining followers and observational support. [24] “We invoke a different theory, the self-interacting dark matter model or SIDM, to show that dark matter self-interactions thermalize the inner halo, which ties ordinary dark matter and dark matter distributions together so that they behave like a collective unit.” [23]
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[139] viXra:1811.0169 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-10 08:24:51

The Pathway of Protons

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 51 Pages.

This study has made it possible to assign the functions of individual amino acids to the proton transfer pathway for the enzyme group of [FeFe] hydrogenases. [33] Björn Alling, researcher in theoretical physics at Linköping University, has, together with his colleagues, completed the task given to him by the Swedish Research Council in the autumn of 2014: Find out what happens inside magnetic materials at high temperatures. [32] Generating complex multi-principle element TMDCs essential for the future development of new generations of quantum, electronic, and energy conversion materials is difficult. [31] An international scientific team, which included scientists from China, Israel, England and Russia, has developed a new method for measuring the response of crystals on the electric field. [30]
Category: Condensed Matter

[138] viXra:1811.0168 [pdf] replaced on 2020-07-13 21:22:22

The Charge Engine of Stellar Evolution

Authors: Daniel Archer
Comments: 4 Pages. v2 / i moved the image under title to under abstract + added gravity to the list

All matter recycles photons. This charge engine is explained, demonstrated visually and applied to the General Theory of Stellar Metamorphosis. The charge engine is the underlying driver of all evolutionary processes of Astrons (stars and planets); it is what enables astrons to be dynamic and open systems and have lifespans of many billions of years.
Category: Astrophysics

[137] viXra:1811.0167 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-10 09:29:01

Improve Optical Devices

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 52 Pages.

A team of researchers from the Dutch institute AMOLF, Western University (Canada), and the University of Texas (United States of America) recently demonstrated the use of algorithmic design to create a new type of nanophotonic structure. [32] Researchers from Empa and ETH Zurich, together with colleagues from IBM Research Zurich, have recently been able to create this effect with long-range ordered nanocrystal superlattices. [31] The optical tweezer is revealing new capabilities while helping scientists understand HYPERLINK "https://phys.org/tags/quantum+mechanics/" quantum mechanics, the theory that explains nature in terms of subatomic particles. [30] In the perspective, Gabor and Song collect early examples in electron metamaterials and distil emerging design strategies for electronic control from them. [29] Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) researchers are working to make better electronic devices by delving into the way nanocrystals are arranged inside of them. [28] Self-assembly and crystallisation of nanoparticles (NPs) is generally a complex process, based on the evaporation or precipitation of NP-building blocks. [27] New nanoparticle-based films that are more than 80 times thinner than a human hair may help to fill this need by providing materials that can holographically archive more than 1000 times more data than a DVD in a 10-by-10-centimeter piece of film. [26] Researches of scientists from South Ural State University are implemented within this area. [25] Following three years of extensive research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HU) physicist Dr. Uriel Levy and his team have created technology that will enable computers and all optic communication devices to run 100 times faster through terahertz microchips. [24] When the energy efficiency of electronics poses a challenge, magnetic materials may have a solution. [23]
Category: Condensed Matter

[136] viXra:1811.0165 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-10 10:52:51

Accelerating Hubble Redshift

Authors: William Q. Sumner
Comments: Pages.

Understanding the “acceleration” of modern Hubble redshift measurements begins with Schr ̈odinger. In 1939 he proved that all quantum wave functions coevolve with the curved spacetime of a closed Friedmann universe. While both photon wavelengths and atomic radii are proportional to the Fried- mann radius, the wavelengths of photons that an atom emits are proportional to the square of the radius. This larger shift in atomic emissions changes the current paradigm that redshift implies ex- pansion. Instead, redshift implies the contraction of a closed Friedmann universe. Hubble redshifts are observed only when old blueshifted photons are compared to current atomic emissions that have blueshifted even more. This theoretical prediction is confirmed by modern Hubble redshift measure- ments. The Pantheon redshift data set of 1048 supernovas was analyzed assuming that atoms change like Schro ̈dinger predicted. The Hubble constant and deceleration parameter are the only variables. The fit, Ho = −72.03 ± 0.25 km s−1Mpc−1 and 1/2 < qo < 0.501, has a standard deviation 0.1516 compared to the average data error 0.1418. No modifications to general relativity or to Friedmann’s 1922 solution are necessary to explain accelerating Hubble redshifts. A nearly flat Friedmann universe accelerating in collapse is enough.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[135] viXra:1811.0164 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-10 13:03:12

Gravity as a Quantum Entity

Authors: Leonardo Rubino
Comments: 4 Pages.

The gravitational pull exists as the Universe is collapsing. And why is it collapsing? For quantum-statistical reasons, that is, it must do that in order not to violate the Principle of Conservation of Energy (unjustifiable appearing of energy from nothing) or, by the same token, to respect the quantum Indetermination Principle of Heisenberg, which must be respected by all the particle-antiparticle pairs, which ideally fill the Universe itself, and them themselves have to disappear, sooner or later.
Category: History and Philosophy of Physics

[134] viXra:1811.0163 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-10 19:31:57

Solar Planet Motion Trajectory Is A Square (Proves No.2)

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 10 Pages.

Solar Planet Motion Trajectory Is Square And Not An Ellipse This papers provides 2 proves for this claim 1-Earth Cycle (365+365+365+366) = 1461 days… the previous Cycle consists of 4 years and can be used as square form..! but the square is 4 equal distances and not periods of time…?! But We have discussed before that the time and distance values can be equivalent in some cases in the solar group geometrical structure… which means the value which we see as period of time may work as distance for another observer… (Why Earth has this 4 sidereal years Cycle?) Please review The Time definition 2-Mars Immigration proves that the solar planet motion trajectory is square and not an ellipse (This Paper discusses This Point Only) Please review Mars Immigration Proves (Revised)
Category: Astrophysics

[133] viXra:1811.0162 [pdf] replaced on 2019-03-19 08:52:05

"AI" Physics Atomic Structure – Part 1.

Authors: Brian Strom
Comments: minor corrections. 15 pages. Title corrected on viXra.

With the help of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Deep Learning, the structure of the atom is computed from the results of established experiments on ionization energies and spectral emissions. The AI searches for trends and patterns in the ionization energy levels - when electrons are energized to escape from an atom. The AI first observes that the “depth” of the atomic Potential Energy Well is directly proportional to the number of protons in the nucleus, but is not dependent on the number of neutrons. The AI computes the energy levels for a “multi-layered ball” of electrons in a Potential Energy Well, and compares them to the ionization energy levels and electron depths. It identifies close similarities and proposes that electrons simply fill the three-dimensional atomic Potential Energy Well around the nucleus - loosely-packed for the lighter elements, and more tightly-packed for the heavier elements. The AI concludes that electrons are much larger than we presently imagine.
Category: Classical Physics

[132] viXra:1811.0161 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-11 03:40:49

Microworld_48. Unsolved Problems of Physics_ 8

Authors: N.N.Leonov
Comments: 27 Pages. English and russian texts

Despite of the known successes by the physical theory, it has been long haunted by principal problems incapable in solutions. The article describes how these problems are solved by the theory of non-linear oscillations (TNO). The material world objects are infinitely divisible. The material world structure consists of an infinite set of matter organization levels. Primary objects of all levels are similar to each other in their properties but significantly differ in size. Various matter organization levels are built according to the same pattern but microworld and macroworld.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[131] viXra:1811.0160 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-11 03:59:33

Dark Energy on a Cosmic Time

Authors: Friedhelm Jöge
Comments: 1 Page. Please add this additional file.

Development of Dark Energy on a cosmic time. Additional diagram to the article : http://viXra.org/abs/1807.0115?ref=10028904
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[130] viXra:1811.0159 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-11 04:13:06

Another Way to Write the Riemann Zeta Function

Authors: Zach Don
Comments: 1 Page.

In this paper, I will be presenting an alternative way of writing the Riemann zeta function in terms of Euler's constant, e.
Category: Number Theory

[129] viXra:1811.0158 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-11 04:19:06

An Alternative Way of Writing the Riemann Zeta Function

Authors: Zach Don
Comments: 1 Page.

In this paper, I will propose a legitimate way of re-writing the Riemann zeta function in terms of Euler's constant, e.
Category: Number Theory

[128] viXra:1811.0157 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-11 05:13:57

The Unruh Effect: Insight from the Laws of Thermodynamics (Aps Meeting)

Authors: Stephen J. Crothers, Pierre-Marie Robitaille
Comments: 5 Pages. Presented at the 2018 Annual Meeting of the APS Mid-Atlantic Section, November 9-10,

This is a copy of the poster which was presented at the Mid-Atlantic Section of the American Physical Society in College Park, Maryland on November 9-10, 2018: http://meetings.aps.org/Meeting/MAS18/Session/B01.18
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[127] viXra:1811.0156 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-11 05:13:26

The Antithrombotic Activity of Corilagin Purified from Korean Herb-Phyllanthus Ussuriensis

Authors: Kum Chol Ri
Comments: 4 Pages.

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1) is a main negative regulator of the fibrinolytic system. In animal studies, inhibition of PAI-1 activity prevents arterial and venous thrombosis, indicating that PAI-1 inhibitors may be used as a new class of antithrombotics. In this study, we revealed that corilagin which purified from Korean herb, Phyllanthus ussuriensis, inhibited plasma PAI-1 and increased the activity of t-PA in vitro and in vivo. We then observed that when injected more than 6mg/kg of corilain into the rat electrically stimulated carotid artery thrombosis rat, the rethrombosis ratio was lower than 28.6%, and it was much lower than when 20000IU/kg of urokinase was injected. At the end we found out that corilagin remarkably decreased the content of plasma fibrin in the thrombosis rat and the decrease at dose of more than 6mg/kg was about 4.4 fold than the control. Our data show that corilagin is a new class of small molecule PAI-1 inhibitors with anti-thrombotic potential and has great prospect as thrombosis therapeutic drug.
Category: Biochemistry

[126] viXra:1811.0155 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-09 07:53:59

Spacetime at Quarks Scale

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 51 Pages.

Most physicists believe that the structure of spacetime is formed in an unknown way at the Planck scale, i.e., at a scale close to one trillionth of a trillionth of a metre. [30] In a recent study, the CMS collaboration describes how it has sifted through data from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) to try and spot dark quarks. [29] Physicists in Italy are about to start up a new experiment designed to hunt for hypothetical particles such as the “dark photon” and carriers of a possible fifth force of nature. [28] A signal caused by the very first stars to form in the universe has been picked up by a tiny but highly specialised radio telescope in the remote Western Australian desert. [27] This week, scientists from around the world who gathered at the University of California, Los Angeles, at the Dark Matter 2018 Symposium learned of new results in the search for evidence of the elusive material in Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) by the DarkSide-50 detector. [26]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[125] viXra:1811.0154 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-09 08:30:47

Find the extra shape (In Russian)

Authors: V. A. Kasimov
Comments: 2 Pages. in Russian

First, the task will put you in a dead end. No figure clearly stands out from the total number more than others. It's not as easy as it may seem in the first seconds.
Category: Set Theory and Logic

[124] viXra:1811.0153 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-09 08:46:53

Haz[otea] Project. an Estimate of Rooftops' Potential for Increasing Urban Sustainability and Suggestions for Maximizing This Potential by Normative Regulation

Authors: Ricardo Alvira
Comments: 77 Pages.

An estimation using Meta[S] model [Alvira, 2017] of expected impact on urban sustainability of 15 possible uses of available rooftop space in Madrid neighbourhood Palos de Moguer. The results allow suggesting some guidelines that should be incorporated in any future rooftop regulation.
Category: Social Science

[123] viXra:1811.0152 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-09 10:04:25

Spin Waves in 2-D Magnet

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 58 Pages.

In a recently published paper in Science, researchers at the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS), were able to both excite and detect spin waves in a quantum Hall ferromagnet, demonstrating a new platform to investigate some of the possibilities of this promising material. [34] Taichi Goto at the Toyohashi University of Technology and Caroline Ross of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and others collaborated to create a single-crystalline yttrium iron garnet (YIG) film as a magnetic insulator on multiple substrates, and transmit the spin waves. [33] To address this technology gap, a team of engineers from the National University of Singapore (NUS) has developed an innovative microchip, named BATLESS, that can continue to operate even when the battery runs out of energy. [32] Stanford researchers have developed a water-based battery that could provide a cheap way to store wind or solar energy generated when the sun is shining and wind is blowing so it can be fed back into the electric grid and be redistributed when demand is high. [31] Researchers at AMOLF and the University of Texas have circumvented this problem with a vibrating glass ring that interacts with light. They thus created a microscale circulator that directionally routes light on an optical chip without using magnets. [30] Researchers have discovered three distinct variants of magnetic domain walls in the helimagnet iron germanium (FeGe). [29] Magnetic materials that form helical structures—coiled shapes comparable to a spiral staircase or the double helix strands of a DNA molecule—occasionally exhibit exotic behavior that could improve information processing in hard drives and other digital devices. [28] In a new study, researchers have designed "invisible" magnetic sensors—sensors that are magnetically invisible so that they can still detect but do not distort the surrounding magnetic fields. [27] At Carnegie Mellon University, Materials Science and Engineering Professor Mike McHenry and his research group are developing metal amorphous nanocomposite materials (MANC), or magnetic materials whose nanocrystals have been grown out of an amorphous matrix to create a two phase magnetic material that exploits
Category: Quantum Physics

[122] viXra:1811.0151 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-09 10:32:00

Quantum Compass Navigation

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 51 Pages.

The UK's first quantum accelerometer for navigation has been demonstrated by a team from Imperial College London and M Squared. [31] The optical tweezer is revealing new capabilities while helping scientists understand quantum mechanics, the theory that explains nature in terms of subatomic particles. [30] In the perspective, Gabor and Song collect early examples in electron metamaterials and distil emerging design strategies for electronic control from them. [29] Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) researchers are working to make better electronic devices by delving into the way nanocrystals are arranged inside of them. [28] Self-assembly and crystallisation of nanoparticles (NPs) is generally a complex process, based on the evaporation or precipitation of NP-building blocks. [27] New nanoparticle-based films that are more than 80 times thinner than a human hair may help to fill this need by providing materials that can holographically archive more than 1000 times more data than a DVD in a 10-by-10-centimeter piece of film. [26] Researches of scientists from South Ural State University are implemented within this area. [25] Following three years of extensive research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HU) physicist Dr. Uriel Levy and his team have created technology that will enable computers and all optic communication devices to run 100 times faster through terahertz microchips. [24] When the energy efficiency of electronics poses a challenge, magnetic materials may have a solution. [23]
Category: Quantum Physics

[121] viXra:1811.0150 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-09 11:09:17

AI Window into Mental Health

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 44 Pages.

In January 2017, IBM made the bold statement that within five years, health professionals could apply AI to better understand how words and speech paint a clear window into our mental health. [26] Dating apps are using artificial intelligence to suggest where to go on a first date, recommend what to say and even find a partner who looks like your favourite celebrity. [25] The New York Times contacted IBM Research in late September asking for our help to use AI in a clever way to create art for the coming special section on AI. [24] Granting human rights to a computer would degrade human dignity. [23] IBM researchers are developing a new computer architecture, better equipped to handle increased data loads from artificial intelligence. [22] A computer built to mimic the brain's neural networks produces similar results to that of the best brain-simulation supercomputer software currently used for neural-signaling research, finds a new study published in the open-access journal Frontiers in Neuroscience. [21] The possibility of cognitive nuclear-spin processing came to Fisher in part through studies performed in the 1980s that reported a remarkable lithium isotope dependence on the behavior of mother rats. [20]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[120] viXra:1811.0149 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-09 11:23:58

Metric System to be Changed

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 51 Pages.

Officials with the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) have announced that at a meeting to be held next week, four of the base units used in the metric system will be redefined. [32] The UK's first quantum accelerometer for navigation has been demonstrated by a team from Imperial College London and M Squared. [31] The optical tweezer is revealing new capabilities while helping scientists understand quantum mechanics, the theory that explains nature in terms of subatomic particles. [30] In the perspective, Gabor and Song collect early examples in electron metamaterials and distil emerging design strategies for electronic control from them. [29] Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) researchers are working to make better electronic devices by delving into the way nanocrystals are arranged inside of them. [28] Self-assembly and crystallisation of nanoparticles (NPs) is generally a complex process, based on the evaporation or precipitation of NP-building blocks. [27] New nanoparticle-based films that are more than 80 times thinner than a human hair may help to fill this need by providing materials that can holographically archive more than 1000 times more data than a DVD in a 10-by-10-centimeter piece of film. [26] Researches of scientists from South Ural State University are implemented within this area. [25] Following three years of extensive research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HU) physicist Dr. Uriel Levy and his team have created technology that will enable computers and all optic communication devices to run 100 times faster through terahertz microchips. [24] When the energy efficiency of electronics poses a challenge, magnetic materials may have a solution. [23] An exotic state of matter that is dazzling scientists with its electrical properties, can also exhibit unusual optical properties, as shown in a theoretical study by researchers at A*STAR. [22]
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[119] viXra:1811.0147 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-09 19:27:36

Solar Planet Motion Trajectory Is A Square (Proves)

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 22 Pages.

The Moon Orbit Uses Earth Circumference To Cover The Solar Planet Motion Real Trajectory (Which Is A Square) And To Show The Imaginary One (An Ellipse) i.e. The Solar Planet Real Trajectory Is A Square But The Moon Orbit Uses Earth Circumference To Cover This Real Trajectory And Shows The Imaginary One Which Is The An Ellipse…
Category: Astrophysics

[118] viXra:1811.0146 [pdf] replaced on 2018-11-25 00:31:39

Fine-Tuning Excludes the Multiverse Hypothesis and Confirms Coherent Cosmology, Eddington's and String Theory

Authors: F. M. Sanchez
Comments: 8 Pages.

Fine tuning relations using Eddington number 137 and the central mathematical constants e, pi, gamma connect with the Fermi coupling constant, the muon and tau masses, and the G value. The latter is compatible, within 10^-7 with the G value deduced from the Coherent Cosmology, and within 10^-9 to the electron magnetic moment. The formula simplify by introducing a super Euler - constant, and show a 9D reduction to 3D, confirming Superstring Theory, while c-free analysis confirms the Topological Axis and the tachyonic Bosonic String Theory, with emphasis on a 30 dimension Space, connected through triple Bott reduction with a massive Gluon in 6 dimension space. The 26 sporadic groups are tied to the three microphysics coupling constant and the gauge group dimension 496, whose square give the Higgs boson/Electron mass ratio. The Baby-Monster is directly tied to the observable Universe. The Monster Group, whose cardinal order is directly tied to Rydbergh energy appears in the c-free analysis giving the overall periodicity of a Deterministic Grandcosmos Computer. This confirms the exclusion of the Multiverse hypothesis and Eddington's rehabilitation.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[117] viXra:1811.0144 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-10 00:56:54

The Importance of Quaternions & Rotational Systems in the Context of Cryo-EM Image Processing – A Simple Suggestion On Using HOL/JVM/JikesRVM/Image J Based Computing Environments.

Authors: Nirmal Tej Kumar
Comments: 3 Pages. Short Communication & Technical Notes

As the title suggests it is our sincere desire to explore “Quaternions & Rotational Systems” in the highly promising domains of Cryo-EM Image Processing to probe the frontiers of Nano-Bio Systems.
Category: Algebra

[116] viXra:1811.0143 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-10 04:41:02

Quantum Duet

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 54 Pages.

Different systems behave identically in many ways, if they belong to the same "universality class."]32] Researchers from Empa and ETH Zurich, together with colleagues from IBM Research Zurich, have recently been able to create this effect with long-range ordered nanocrystal superlattices. [31] The optical tweezer is revealing new capabilities while helping scientists understand HYPERLINK "https://phys.org/tags/quantum+mechanics/" quantum mechanics, the theory that explains nature in terms of subatomic particles. [30] In the perspective, Gabor and Song collect early examples in electron metamaterials and distil emerging design strategies for electronic control from them. [29] Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) researchers are working to make better electronic devices by delving into the way nanocrystals are arranged inside of them. [28] Self-assembly and crystallisation of nanoparticles (NPs) is generally a complex process, based on the evaporation or precipitation of NP-building blocks. [27] New nanoparticle-based films that are more than 80 times thinner than a human hair may help to fill this need by providing materials that can holographically archive more than 1000 times more data than a DVD in a 10-by-10-centimeter piece of film. [26] Researches of scientists from South Ural State University are implemented within this area. [25] Following three years of extensive research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HU) physicist Dr. Uriel Levy and his team have created technology that will enable computers and all optic communication devices to run 100 times faster through terahertz microchips. [24] When the energy efficiency of electronics poses a challenge, magnetic materials may have a solution. [23]
Category: Quantum Physics

[115] viXra:1811.0142 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-08 07:27:34

AI Help Search for Love

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 42 Pages.

Dating apps are using artificial intelligence to suggest where to go on a first date, recommend what to say and even find a partner who looks like your favourite celebrity. [25] The New York Times contacted IBM Research in late September asking for our help to use AI in a clever way to create art for the coming special section on AI. [24] Granting human rights to a computer would degrade human dignity. [23] IBM researchers are developing a new computer architecture, better equipped to handle increased data loads from artificial intelligence. [22] A computer built to mimic the brain's neural networks produces similar results to that of the best brain-simulation supercomputer software currently used for neural-signaling research, finds a new study published in the open-access journal Frontiers in Neuroscience. [21] The possibility of cognitive nuclear-spin processing came to Fisher in part through studies performed in the 1980s that reported a remarkable lithium isotope dependence on the behavior of mother rats. [20]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[114] viXra:1811.0141 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-08 08:03:06

Nanocrystals as Quantum Light Source

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 51 Pages.

Researchers from Empa and ETH Zurich, together with colleagues from IBM Research Zurich, have recently been able to create this effect with long-range ordered nanocrystal superlattices. [31] The optical tweezer is revealing new capabilities while helping scientists understand quantum mechanics, the theory that explains nature in terms of subatomic particles. [30] In the perspective, Gabor and Song collect early examples in electron metamaterials and distil emerging design strategies for electronic control from them. [29] Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) researchers are working to make better electronic devices by delving into the way nanocrystals are arranged inside of them. [28] Self-assembly and crystallisation of nanoparticles (NPs) is generally a complex process, based on the evaporation or precipitation of NP-building blocks. [27] New nanoparticle-based films that are more than 80 times thinner than a human hair may help to fill this need by providing materials that can holographically archive more than 1000 times more data than a DVD in a 10-by-10-centimeter piece of film. [26] Researches of scientists from South Ural State University are implemented within this area. [25] Following three years of extensive research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HU) physicist Dr. Uriel Levy and his team have created technology that will enable computers and all optic communication devices to run 100 times faster through terahertz microchips. [24] When the energy efficiency of electronics poses a challenge, magnetic materials may have a solution. [23] An exotic state of matter that is dazzling scientists with its electrical properties, can also exhibit unusual optical properties, as shown in a theoretical study by researchers at A*STAR. [22] The breakthrough was made in the lab of Andrea Alù, director of the ASRC's Photonics Initiative.
Category: Quantum Physics

[113] viXra:1811.0140 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-08 08:18:52

Same but Different Quantum Systems

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 53 Pages.

Different systems behave identically in many ways, if they belong to the same "universality class."]32] Researchers from Empa and ETH Zurich, together with colleagues from IBM Research Zurich, have recently been able to create this effect with long-range ordered nanocrystal superlattices. [31] The optical tweezer is revealing new capabilities while helping scientists understand HYPERLINK "https://phys.org/tags/quantum+mechanics/" quantum mechanics , the theory that explains nature in terms of subatomic particles. [30] In the perspective, Gabor and Song collect early examples in electron metamaterials and distil emerging design strategies for electronic control from them. [29] Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) researchers are working to make better electronic devices by delving into the way nanocrystals are arranged inside of them. [28] Self-assembly and crystallisation of nanoparticles (NPs) is generally a complex process, based on the evaporation or precipitation of NP-building blocks. [27] New nanoparticle-based films that are more than 80 times thinner than a human hair may help to fill this need by providing materials that can holographically archive more than 1000 times more data than a DVD in a 10-by-10-centimeter piece of film. [26]
Category: Quantum Physics

[112] viXra:1811.0139 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-08 08:40:31

Four Top Quarks At Once

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 69 Pages.

A promising testbed for such new physics is "four-top-quark production," an elusive Standard Model process that has not yet been observed experimentally. [40] Compared with the previous method of data pre-processing, the new machine-learning-based method has quadrupled quality metrics for the identification of particles on the calorimeter. [39] From the data collected by the LHCb detector at the Large Hadron Collider, it appears that the particles known as charm mesons and their antimatter counterparts are not produced in perfectly equal proportions. [38] The OPERA experiment, located at the Gran Sasso Laboratory of the Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), was designed to conclusively prove that muon-neutrinos can convert to tau-neutrinos, through a process called neutrino oscillation, whose discovery was awarded the 2015 Nobel Physics Prize. [37] The Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum Experiment (PROSPECT) has completed the installation of a novel antineutrino detector that will probe the possible existence of a new form of matter. [36] The MINERvA collaboration analyzed data from the interactions of an antineutrino—the antimatter partner of a neutrino—with a nucleus. [35]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[111] viXra:1811.0138 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-08 09:55:47

Inner Working of Magnetic Materials

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 50 Pages.

Björn Alling, researcher in theoretical physics at Linköping University, has, together with his colleagues, completed the task given to him by the Swedish Research Council in the autumn of 2014: Find out what happens inside magnetic materials at high temperatures. [32] Generating complex multi-principle element TMDCs essential for the future development of new generations of quantum, electronic, and energy conversion materials is difficult. [31] An international scientific team, which included scientists from China, Israel, England and Russia, has developed a new method for measuring the response of crystals on the electric field. [30] In the perspective, Gabor and Song collect early examples in electron metamaterials and distil emerging design strategies for electronic control from them. [29] Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) researchers are working to make better electronic devices by delving into the way nanocrystals are arranged inside of them. [28] Self-assembly and crystallisation of nanoparticles (NPs) is generally a complex process, based on the evaporation or precipitation of NP-building blocks. [27] New nanoparticle-based films that are more than 80 times thinner than a human hair may help to fill this need by providing materials that can holographically archive more than 1000 times more data than a DVD in a 10-by-10-centimeter piece of film. [26] Researches of scientists from South Ural State University are implemented within this area. [25]
Category: Condensed Matter

[110] viXra:1811.0137 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-08 10:24:14

New Concept of Elementary Particles Classification

Authors: Ilgaitis Prūsis, Peteris Prūsis
Comments: 6 pages, 2 figures

In contemporary physics elementary particles are classified by energy, live time and other properties. In contradiction to this very basic principle of contemporary physics, this article proposes a new concept that particles in the gravitation field like in the electric field have allowed energy levels. Only four elementary particles, i.e., electron, proton, photon and neutrino are in the ground state. They are intrinsically elementary particles. All other particles are excited states of said intrinsic particles in the gravitation field of Earth.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[109] viXra:1811.0136 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-08 17:41:35

MHCE8S Theory Indicates That the Energetic Neutrino Observed in Antartica is a heavy (4430 MeV) Majorana Neutrino

Authors: George R. briggs
Comments: 3 Pages.

Abstract: MHCE8S theory strongly indicates that a 4th massive neutrino exists, of 4430 MeV mc^2 mass and Majoranic in Nature (the particle is its own antiparticle with no spin). As such it is a candidate for the energetic neutrino observed in Antartica. It has the same mass as the Z(4430) tetraquark and therefore cannot be derived directly from the lighter stau slepton supersymmetric particle presently proposed
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[108] viXra:1811.0135 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-08 19:03:19

Solar Planet Motion Trajectory Is A Square And Not An Ellipse

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 9 Pages.

Research Paper "Solar Planet Motion Trajectory Is A Square And Not An Ellipse" Abstract The Solar Planet Motion Trajectory Is A Square And Not An Ellipse, And We See This Trajectory As Ellipse Because Of The Earth Moon Structure I provide here a clear claim …. let's summarize it in following: 1-The solar planet motion trajectory is a square and not an ellipse, 2-We see the planet motion trajectory as ellipse (kepler 1st law is correct) 3-The moon orbit geometrical structure prevents us to see the solar planet motion real trajectory (the square) and covers it by an imaginary trajectory (the ellipse) This paper tries to prove this claim Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Category: Astrophysics

[107] viXra:1811.0134 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-08 20:22:54

Action and Holographic Principle

Authors: Kuyukov Vitaly
Comments: 2 Pages.

Applying the holographic principle to action
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[106] viXra:1811.0133 [pdf] replaced on 2021-03-23 10:07:34

Violence in the Mentally Ill Triggered by Spikes in Serum Serotonin Caused by Dramatic Drops in Allergen Levels.

Authors: Tariq Khan
Comments: 8 Pages.

It is known that humans are sensitive to their environment, mentally ill or unstable individuals can be "triggered" into impulsive and violent activities from spikes in serum serotonin, serum histamine level is directly proportional to environmental allergen levels, and serum serotonin level is inversely proportional to serum histamine levels. Data appears to show a clear "pattern match" between the date of violent acts from mentally ill individuals and crashes or dramatic decreases in environmental allergen levels (especially when the allergen or pollen level decreases to zero) indicating a possible precursor or triggering relationship. This knowledge could be used as a potential predictor for law enforcement and medical agencies with modern technology tracking near real-time data per city
Category: Mind Science

[105] viXra:1811.0132 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-08 20:40:58

The Arbelos in Wasan Geometry, Problems of Izumiya and Nait\=o

Authors: Hiroshi Okumura
Comments: 5 Pages.

We generalize two sangaku problems involving an arbelos proposed by Izumiya and Nait\=o, and show the existence of six non-Archimedean congruent circles.
Category: Geometry

[104] viXra:1811.0129 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-09 01:20:23

An Ideal About the Forces

Authors: Jianping Mao
Comments: 2 Pages.

All of the forces may be a reflection of electromagnetic force in different scales, if the opposite charges attract was very faintly larger than like charges repel.
Category: Classical Physics

[103] viXra:1811.0128 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-09 02:46:04

Microworld_47. Unsolved Problems of Physics_ 7

Authors: N.N.Leonov
Comments: 31 Pages. English and russian texts

The contemporary physics believes that proton is, alongside with electron, an elementary microobject, while neutron is a composite proton-electron microobject. It believes that neutron is an unstable object capable of spontaneously disintegrating into proton and electron. At the same time, it believes that neutron is not a simple symbiosis of proton and electron. The hypothesis of neutrino existence is wrong. The article reports that the contemporary physical information on the material world parameters called “world constants” is incomplete or false. There are proposed some methods for studying the possibilities for building of a macroscopic ethereal “perpetual” engine.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[102] viXra:1811.0127 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-09 04:17:34

On the Fundamental Role of the Massless Form of Matter in Particle Physics

Authors: AP Klimets
Comments: 30 Pages.

In the article, with the help of various models, the thesis about the fundamental nature of the field form of matter as the basis of elementary particles is considered. In the first chapter a model of special relativity is constructed, on the basis of which the priority of the massless form of matter is revealed. In the second chapter a field model of inert and heavy mass is constructed and the mechanism of inertness and gravity of weighty bodies is revealed. In the third chapter, the example of geons shows the fundamental nature of a massless form of matter on the Planck scale. The three-dimensionality of the observable space is substantiated. In the fourth chapter, we consider a variant of solving the problem of singularities in general relativity using the example of multidimensional spaces. The last chapter examines the author's approach to quantum gravity. The conclusions do not contradict the main thesis of the article on the fundamental nature of the massless form of matter.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[101] viXra:1811.0126 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-07 07:17:05

Improved Data Storage

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 74 Pages.

A team of scientists has created the world's most powerful electromagnetic pulses in the terahertz range to control in fine detail how a data-storage material switches physical form. [46] Physicists at the University of Alberta in Canada have developed a new way to build quantum memories, a method for storing delicate quantum information encoded into pulses of light. [45] Now, an Australian research team has experimentally realised a crucial combination of these capabilities on a silicon chip, bringing the dream of a universal quantum computer closer to reality. [44] A theoretical concept to realize quantum information processing has been developed by Professor Guido Burkard and his team of physicists at the University of Konstanz. [43] As the number of hacks and security breaches rapidly climbs, scientists say there may be a way to make a truly unhackable network by using the laws of quantum physics. [42] This world-first nanophotonic device, just unveiled in Nature Communications, encodes more data and processes it much faster than conventional fiber optics by using a special form of 'twisted' light. [41] Purdue University researchers created a new technique that would increase the secret bit rate 100-fold, to over 35 million photons per second. [40] Physicists at The City College of New York have used atomically thin two-dimensional materials to realize an array of quantum emitters operating at room temperature that can be integrated into next generation quantum communication systems. [39] Research in the quantum optics lab of Prof. Barak Dayan in the Weizmann Institute of Science may be bringing the development of such computers one step closer by providing the "quantum gates" that are required for communication within and between such quantum computers. [38]
Category: Digital Signal Processing

[100] viXra:1811.0125 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-07 07:44:16

Testing Proposals for Human Free Will in the Raspberry Multiverse, Local Entanglement and M&M Lightspeed.

Authors: Leo Vuyk
Comments: 11 Pages.

According to Quantum FFF Theory, (Function Follows Form) the process of wave function collapse of two entangled particles into mirror symmetrical states, is the basic process for all created particles. As a consequence, we should live inside one part of a mirror Charge-Parity-symmetrical entangled copy MULTIVERSE with one central origin the big bang. We will give it the name: Raspberry Multiverse. Even human choice making should be subjected to this mirror symmetrical process. Benjamin Libet described a choice experiment, which we could use to measure how many copy universes there should be. At the smaller scale however, we observe also entanglement effects between particles. Einstein called them “spooky action at a distance”, which he did not like and suggested a different explanation called “Hidden Variables”. However I present here a support for the spooky faster than light entanglement explanation, based on an extended Stern Gerlach experiment, in line with J.S Bell’s arguments about a strange aspect of the original experiment. That even the lightspeed constancy theory should be adapted, by a different Michelson Morley experiment seems to be a logic result of the Quantum FFF Model..
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[99] viXra:1811.0124 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-07 07:51:16

Rethinking the Artificial Neural Networks: A Novel Approach

Authors: Usman Ahmad, Hong Song
Comments: 13 Pages.

In this paper, we proposed a novel approach to build the Artificial Neural Network (ANN). We addressed the fundamental questions, 1) what is the architecture of the ANN model? Should it really have a layered architecture? 2) What is a neuron: a processing unit or a memory cell? 3) How neurons must be interconnected and what should be the mechanism of weights assignment? 4) How to involve prior knowledge, bias, and generalization to extract the features? In this paper, we have given an abstract view of our approach for supervised learning with text data only and explain it through examples.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[98] viXra:1811.0123 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-07 08:00:41

Crystal Reaction to Electric Field

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 48 Pages.

An international scientific team, which included scientists from China, Israel, England and Russia, has developed a new method for measuring the response of crystals on the electric field. [30] In the perspective, Gabor and Song collect early examples in electron metamaterials and distil emerging design strategies for electronic control from them. [29] Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) researchers are working to make better electronic devices by delving into the way nanocrystals are arranged inside of them. [28] Self-assembly and crystallisation of nanoparticles (NPs) is generally a complex process, based on the evaporation or precipitation of NP-building blocks. [27] New nanoparticle-based films that are more than 80 times thinner than a human hair may help to fill this need by providing materials that can holographically archive more than 1000 times more data than a DVD in a 10-by-10-centimeter piece of film. [26]
Category: Condensed Matter

[97] viXra:1811.0122 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-07 09:35:21

Charge Density Waves

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 49 Pages.

Generating complex multi-principle element TMDCs essential for the future development of new generations of quantum, electronic, and energy conversion materials is difficult. [31] An international scientific team, which included scientists from China, Israel, England and Russia, has developed a new method for measuring the response of crystals on the electric field. [30] In the perspective, Gabor and Song collect early examples in electron metamaterials and distil emerging design strategies for electronic control from them. [29] Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) researchers are working to make better electronic devices by delving into the way nanocrystals are arranged inside of them. [28] Self-assembly and crystallisation of nanoparticles (NPs) is generally a complex process, based on the evaporation or precipitation of NP-building blocks. [27] New nanoparticle-based films that are more than 80 times thinner than a human hair may help to fill this need by providing materials that can holographically archive more than 1000 times more data than a DVD in a 10-by-10-centimeter piece of film. [26] Researches of scientists from South Ural State University are implemented within this area. [25]
Category: Condensed Matter

[96] viXra:1811.0121 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-07 09:51:42

New Concept of Conservation Laws

Authors: Ilgaitis Prūsis, Peteris Prūsis
Comments: 3 pages

In contemporary physics a conservation law states that the total sum of particular measurable properties of an isolated physical system remains constant over time. This statement is incomplete. This article formulates a complete set of conservation laws.
Category: Classical Physics

[95] viXra:1811.0120 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-07 10:46:07

Optical Test of Quantum Mechanics

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 49 Pages.

The optical tweezer is revealing new capabilities while helping scientists understand quantum mechanics, the theory that explains nature in terms of subatomic particles. [30] In the perspective, Gabor and Song collect early examples in electron metamaterials and distil emerging design strategies for electronic control from them. [29] Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) researchers are working to make better electronic devices by delving into the way nanocrystals are arranged inside of them. [28] Self-assembly and crystallisation of nanoparticles (NPs) is generally a complex process, based on the evaporation or precipitation of NP-building blocks. [27] New nanoparticle-based films that are more than 80 times thinner than a human hair may help to fill this need by providing materials that can holographically archive more than 1000 times more data than a DVD in a 10-by-10-centimeter piece of film. [26] Researches of scientists from South Ural State University are implemented within this area. [25] Following three years of extensive research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HU) physicist Dr. Uriel Levy and his team have created technology that will enable computers and all optic communication devices to run 100 times faster through terahertz microchips. [24] When the energy efficiency of electronics poses a challenge, magnetic materials may have a solution. [23] An exotic state of matter that is dazzling scientists with its electrical properties, can also exhibit unusual optical properties, as shown in a theoretical study by researchers at A*STAR. [22] The breakthrough was made in the lab of Andrea Alù, director of the ASRC's Photonics Initiative. Alù and his colleagues from The City College of New York, University of Texas at Austin and Tel Aviv University were inspired by the seminal work of three British researchers who won the 2016 Noble Prize in Physics for their work, which teased out that particular properties of matter (such as electrical conductivity) can be preserved in certain materials despite continuous changes in the matter's form or shape. [21]
Category: Quantum Physics

[94] viXra:1811.0119 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-07 10:57:26

Periodic Table of Prime Number Intervals

Authors: Viktor Strohm
Comments: 5 Pages.

In accordance with the General Theory Systems of Urmantsev (GTSU) [1, 2, 3], the set of primes is considered as a system of objects. For the relationship between objects taken the difference of prime numbers. Revealed periodicity of pairs of intervals.
Category: Number Theory

[93] viXra:1811.0118 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-07 11:04:11

Health Data Under Lock and Key

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 76 Pages.

Researchers from the Collaborative Research Center CROSSING at Technische Universität Darmstadt (Germany) have developed a solution that will ensure decades of safe storage for sensitive health data in a joint project with Japanese and Canadian partners. [47] A team of scientists has created the world's most powerful electromagnetic pulses in the terahertz range to control in fine detail how a data-storage material switches physical form. [46] Physicists at the University of Alberta in Canada have developed a new way to build quantum memories, a method for storing delicate quantum information encoded into pulses of light. [45] Now, an Australian research team has experimentally realised a crucial combination of these capabilities on a silicon chip, bringing the dream of a universal quantum computer closer to reality. [44] A theoretical concept to realize quantum information processing has been developed by Professor Guido Burkard and his team of physicists at the University of Konstanz. [43] As the number of hacks and security breaches rapidly climbs, scientists say there may be a way to make a truly unhackable network by using the laws of quantum physics. [42]
Category: Digital Signal Processing

[92] viXra:1811.0115 [pdf] replaced on 2020-03-20 15:17:48

An Alternate RELATIVISTICALLY Consistent Formation of the Universe

Authors: David Grant Taylor
Comments: 14 Pages.

This article offers a device by which our local observed Universe could have come to be in an infi-nite Cosmos. It reasons how a Schwarzschild Object||Black Hole [SO] could have come to be from a Universe that was nothing but pure matter particles be they Hydrogen (or elements higher up the Periodic Table), Quantum Particles or Boson particles could have spontaneously formed into an SO. It presents mathematic arguments as to how the escape velocity on any object could never exceed lightspeed. It also explains how Bosons (including Gravitons) would be slowed by Relativistic distortion, adding both mass and velocity to matter. Because of that slowdown the Bosons would escape the SO in much smaller numbers. It would allow any matter formed by the slowing Bosons to eventually escape and generate EM signals upon collisions with newly captured Atoms. It establishes that the finite Universe we currently observe is much older than is currently thought, and possibly much larger. It also establishes that velocity and distance of the M31 An-dromeda Galaxy are completely inconsistent with current Hubble Constant values and so argues against fundamental arguments used in current Big Bang Theory.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[91] viXra:1811.0114 [pdf] replaced on 2019-01-09 10:44:25

Theory of Fermion Masses, Mixing, Lagrangian Potentials and Weak Beta Decays, Based on Higgs Bosons Arising from the Scalar Fields of a Kaluza Klein Theory with Five-Dimensional General Covariance Provided by Dirac’s Quantum Theory of the Electron

Authors: Jay R. Yablon
Comments: 224 Pages.

Why the twelve elementary fermions have the masses they have (and what the neutrino masses actually are) is one of the deepest unsolved mysteries of modern physics. We crack this puzzle using a theory of fermion masses which succeeds in reparameterizing all twelve fermion masses in terms of other known parameters to which their theoretical interconnections have not heretofore been understood. The first step is to “repair” long-recognized perplexities of Kaluza-Klein theory using Dirac’s quantum theory of the electron to enforce general covariance across all five dimensions. One consequence of this is the emergence of a modified Dirac equation for fermions which naturally contains the Kaluza-Klein scalar. After establishing a connection between this Kaluza-Klein scalar and the standard model Higgs scalar, we use the latter to theoretically connect the known masses of all the quarks and charged leptons to the CKM and PMNS mixing angles and matrix components and several other parameters which have not previously been connected to these masses. Then, after using the Newton gravitational constant and the Fermi vacuum to establish a sum of neutrino masses in the exact range expected from experiments, it also becomes possible to predict the rest masses of the three flavors of neutrino. Also predicted are the existence and rest mass of a second leptonic Higgs boson, and tighter values for several other known parameters including the mass of the established Higgs boson. Uncovered as well, is a deep role for the cosmological neutrino background (CvB) and Higgs fields in triggering and facilitating weak interaction beta decay events.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[90] viXra:1811.0113 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-07 17:38:03

The Nature of Electricity, Gravity, Dark Matter, Etc.

Authors: Oskin Victor
Comments: 9 Pages.

N. Tesla: "on the day when we understand what" electricity"is, we will witness an event even greater and more important than all the events in the history of mankind." Having understood the nature of electricity, we will understand the nature of gravity, dark matter, ball lightning, find a solution to other problematic issues of modern physics and biology. In particular, we learn what consciousness, soul, brain, how life is born, etc.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[89] viXra:1811.0112 [pdf] replaced on 2018-11-09 19:22:45

A New Proof of the Strong Goldbach Conjecture

Authors: Es-said En-naoui
Comments: 5 Pages.

The Goldbach conjecture dates back to 1742 ; we refer the reader to [1]-[2] for a history of the conjecture. Christian Goldbach stated that every odd integer greater than seven can be written as the sum of at most three prime numbers. Leonhard Euler then made a stronger conjecture that every even integer greater than four can be written as the sum of two primes. Since then, no one has been able to prove the Strong Goldbach Conjecture.\\ The only best known result so far is that of Chen [3], proving that every sufficiently large even integer N can be written as the sum of a prime number and the product of at most two prime numbers. Additionally, the conjecture has been verified to be true for all even integers up to $4.10^{18}$ in 2014 , J\"erg [4] and Tom\'as [5]. In this paper, we prove that the conjecture is true for all even integers greater than 8.
Category: Number Theory

[88] viXra:1811.0111 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-07 18:42:20

Theoretical Model For Holistic Non Unique Clustering {Version 2}

Authors: Ramesh Chandra Bagadi
Comments: 2 Pages.

In this research investigation, the author has presented a novel method for Holistic Non Unique Clustering.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[87] viXra:1811.0108 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-08 03:09:37

Microworld_46. Unsolved Problems of Physics_ 6

Authors: N.N.Leonov
Comments: 14 Pages. English and russian texts

The article offers mechanisms of electromagnetic emissions by radiators unknown to the contemporary physics, discovered by TNO.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[86] viXra:1811.0107 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-08 04:04:41

The Distance Between Two Inertial Observers in Relative Motion in Special Relativity

Authors: Qing-Ping Ma
Comments: 18 Pages.

When two inertial observers A and B in relative motion measure the distance between them, will they obtain the same value? Although there is a lack of detailed expositions on this issue, many relativity articles and books seem to suggest that the observers on the earth measure a longer distance than that measured by the observers moving relative to the earth. The present study has examined this issue in detail, using two fundamental conditions of special relativity: 1) the space time interval between two events in the Minkowski space is independent of the inertial reference frame chosen; and 2) there is no privileged reference frame and all inertial reference frames are equal. The results of the present study shows that the value of the distance between A and B measured by observer B in a frame where B is stationary is the same as that obtained by observer A in a frame where A is stationary. The idea that distance measured by observer A is longer than that measured by observer B contradicts special relativity, because it designates de facto more privileged reference frames, which cannot be correct within the framework of special relativity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[85] viXra:1811.0106 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-06 05:33:44

Understanding Biology at the Nanoscale

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 49 Pages.

Washington State University researchers for the first time have shown that they can use electrical fields to gain valuable information about the tiny, floating vesicles that move around in animals and plants and are critically important to many biological functions. [31] Finding a fast and inexpensive way to detect specific strains of bacteria and viruses is critical to food safety, water quality, environmental protection and human health. [30] In the perspective, Gabor and Song collect early examples in electron metamaterials and distil emerging design strategies for electronic control from them. [29] Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) researchers are working to make better electronic devices by delving into the way nanocrystals are arranged inside of them. [28] Self-assembly and crystallisation of nanoparticles (NPs) is generally a complex process, based on the evaporation or precipitation of NP-building blocks. [27] New nanoparticle-based films that are more than 80 times thinner than a human hair may help to fill this need by providing materials that can holographically archive more than 1000 times more data than a DVD in a 10-by-10-centimeter piece of film. [26] Researches of scientists from South Ural State University are implemented within this area. [25]
Category: Physics of Biology

[84] viXra:1811.0105 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-06 06:32:41

Matter does not have Gravitation. Moving Faster Than Light you will see Black Holes

Authors: Adrian Ferent
Comments: 240 Pages. © 2014 Adrian Ferent

“Matter does not have Gravitation” Adrian Ferent “Moving Faster Than Light you will see Black Holes” Adrian Ferent “Because Gravitons travel Faster Than Light, they do not see Matter, only Dark Matter” Adrian Ferent “Because Gravitons do not see Matter, this means Matter does not have Gravitation” Adrian Ferent “What you learned from your professors, from your books, from the greatest scientists… about Gravitation is wrong” Adrian Ferent “Dark Matter does not emit light, Matter does not emit Gravitons” Adrian Ferent “Ferent Quantum Gravity theory is the right Gravitation theory” Adrian Ferent “Riding on a beam of light you will see Dark Matter” Adrian Ferent “In Ferent Quantum Gravity l = 0 at the speed of light from Special theory of relativity, means l < Planck length” Adrian Ferent “What you learned from your professors, from your books, from the greatest scientists… about Special theory of relativity is wrong” Adrian Ferent “At Ferent wall was created Dark Matter” Adrian Ferent You learned from your professors, from your books, from the greatest scientists…about Special theory of relativity: Special theory of relativity is "special" in that it only applies in the special case where the curvature of spacetime due to gravity is negligible. In order to include gravity, Einstein and Hilbert formulated general relativity in 1915. If you move fast enough through space, the observations that you make about space and time differ to some extent from the observations of other people, who are moving at different speeds. The speed of light is the same for all observers, regardless of their motion relative to the light source. Length contraction: Length contraction is the phenomenon of a decrease in length of an object as measured by an observer which is traveling at any non-zero velocity relative to the object and it is usually only noticeable at a substantial fraction of the speed of light. Time dilatation The rate of a single moving clock indicating its proper time t0 is lower with respect to two synchronized resting clock indicating time t. This means the duration of the clock cycle of a moving clock increased, it is measured to be running slow. This means ‘Riding on a beam of light’ time would stop, and distance would be zero. “What you learned from your professors, from your books, from the greatest scientists… about Special theory of relativity is wrong” Adrian Ferent In Ferent Quantum Gravity beyond the Planck wall is another wall, the Ferent wall. At Ferent wall were created Ferent matter and gravitons. “Ferent Matter is Dark Matter with the density greater than Planck density” Adrian Ferent “At Ferent wall was created Dark Matter” Adrian Ferent Today we know that the space is not an infinitely divisible continuum, it is not smooth but granular, with the Planck length and Ferent length. At Ferent wall was created Dark Matter and at Planck wall was created Matter. What means l = 0 at the speed of light from Special theory of relativity in Ferent Quantum Gravity? “In Ferent Quantum Gravity l = 0 at the speed of light from Special theory of relativity, means l < Planck length” Adrian Ferent This means: “Riding on a beam of light you will see Dark Matter” Adrian Ferent “Moving Faster Than Light you will see Black Holes” Adrian Ferent “Because Gravitons travel Faster Than Light, they do not see Matter, only Dark Matter” Adrian Ferent “Because Gravitons do not see Matter, this means Matter does not have Gravitation” Adrian Ferent The conclusion: “Matter does not have Gravitation” Adrian Ferent You learned the wrong thing, that anything that has mass also has Gravity. This means: “What you learned from your professors, from your books, from the greatest scientists… about Gravitation is wrong” Adrian Ferent All quantum gravity theories like String theory, LQG… are wrong theories because Einstein’s Gravitation theory is wrong and are limited to speed of light. “Dark Matter doesn’t emit light, Matter does not emit Gravitons” Adrian Ferent This is another proof that: “The elementary particles contain Dark Matter” Adrian Ferent “Ferent Quantum Gravity theory is the right Gravitation theory” Adrian Ferent The apple did fall on Newton's head not because the apple has Mass and Gravitation, but because the Dark Matter inside the apple has Gravitation! 129. I am the first who discovered that Matter does not have Gravitation 130. I am the first who discovered that at Ferent wall was created Dark Matter 131. I am the first who discovered that in Ferent Quantum Gravity l = 0 at the speed of light from Special theory of relativity, means l < Planck length 132. I am the first who discovered that riding on a beam of light you will see Dark Matter 133. I am the first who discovered that moving Faster Than Light you will see Black Holes 134. I am the first who discovered because Gravitons travel Faster Than Light, they do not see Matter, only Dark Matter 135. I am the first who discovered because Gravitons do not see Matter, this means Matter does not have Gravitation 136. I am the first who explained that what you learned from your professors, from your books, from the greatest scientists… about Special theory of relativity is wrong 137. I am the first who explained what you learned from your professors, from your books, from the greatest scientists… about Gravitation is wrong 138. I am the first who discovered that Dark Matter doesn’t emit light, Matter does not emit Gravitons 139. I am the first who explained that Ferent Quantum Gravity theory is the right Gravitation theory 140. I am the first who explained that the apple did fall on Newton's head not because the apple has Mass and Gravitation, but because the Dark Matter inside the apple has Gravitation
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[83] viXra:1811.0104 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-06 08:06:00

Microworld_45. Unsolved Problems of Physics_ 5

Authors: N.N.Leonov
Comments: 29 Pages. English and russian texts

Magnetism almost unnoticeable in the contemporary microworld theory fulfils an essential constructive function in the real material world as it generates an enormous variety of objects and properties thereof. At extremely low temperatures liquid helium contains atoms in which electron and nucleus are arranged on the same straight line and both electrons are from the same side of the nucleus. The existence of such atoms allows for gaining a simple, eye-minded understanding of all amazing properties of superfluid helium.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[82] viXra:1811.0103 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-06 09:20:05

Possbile Cubic to Spherical Transfomaions

Authors: Adham Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed
Comments: 1 Page.

this paper talks about a hypothesis between the cube and the sphere which is inside the cube and the excess volume of the cube than the sphere and the excess volume of the sphere where the cube is inside of the sphere What If you spin a cube around an axis passing through its midpoint of the cube would the cylinder formed have an excess in volume than the sphere equal to the excess in volume of the cylinder than he cube?
Category: Geometry

[81] viXra:1811.0102 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-06 10:06:10

Can Energy Possessed by a Galaxy Cluster Account for its Dark Matter Content?

Authors: Karan R.Takkhi
Comments: 2 pages

In this paper I present the study of massive galaxy clusters. I take into account the energy possessed by the galaxy clusters and the equivalent amount of mass that gets added to them due to that much amount of energy possessed by them. The study shows that the mass of dark matter within galaxy clusters that is believed to account for 90% of their mass nearly coincides with the mass equivalent to the energy possessed by them. The mass equivalent to the energy possessed by the galaxy clusters should amicably account for the observed gravitational lensing associated with galaxy clusters, stability of the clusters, as well as for the observed cluster kinematics and dynamics.
Category: Astrophysics

[80] viXra:1811.0101 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-06 11:37:35

Force on an Electric Current Flowing Through the Inner Area of a Long Uniformly Cylindrical Shell Current

Authors: Yannan Yang
Comments: 4 Pages.

It is generally considered that an electric current does not experience any force when it flows through any area where the magnetic field is zero and any places having zero magnetic fields are identical in magnetism. However, if Newton’s third law works, an electric current must feel a pressure or expansibility when it flowing through the inside area of a uniformly cylindrical shell current, where the magnetic field is zero. Concerning the pressure or expansibility on an electric current, the zero magnetic field area inside a long uniformly cylindrical shell current is not identical in magnetism with the absolute zero magnetic field which is far away from any magnetic sources.
Category: Classical Physics

[79] viXra:1811.0100 [pdf] replaced on 2019-12-04 14:01:30

Time-Resolved Imaging of Model Astrophysical Jets

Authors: Theodoros Smponias
Comments: 46 Pages.

An approximate, time-delayed imaging algorithm is implemented, within exist- ing line-of-sight code. The resulting program acts on hydrocode output data, producing synthetic images, depicting what a model relativistic astrophysical jet looks like to a stationary observer. As part of a suite of imaging and simula- tion tools, the software is able to visualize a variety of dynamical astrophysical phenomena. A number of tests are performed, in order to confirm code integrity, and to present features of the software. The above demonstrate the potential of the computer program to help interpret astrophysical jet observations.
Category: Astrophysics

[78] viXra:1811.0098 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-06 13:47:56

Mexico and BEPS

Authors: Leonardo Javier Belen
Comments: 6 Pages.

A Premier study on BEPS on Mexico
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[77] viXra:1811.0097 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-06 14:55:56

Black Hole Mass Decreasing, The Power and The Time of Two Black Holes in Coalescence, in The Quintessence Field

Authors: Ragil Brand Ndongmo Tsafack, Saleh Mahamat, Thomas Bouetou Bouetou, Timoleon Crepin Kofane
Comments: 19 Pages. 10 figures

In this paper, we investigate some consequences of the black hole stabilization of Schwarzschild in the presence of quintessence type of dark energy which leads the way to the black hole mass decreasing other than the Hawking radiation process. The results show that in the quintessence field, the black hole shows a second-order phase transition, implying the existence of a stable phase. However, this stabilization implies some paradoxical effects on the black hole, which gives us a new regard about black holes, precisely we obtain the negative absolute temperature and we propose a process permitting us to appreciate well the likely cause of this phenomenon. These results allow us to give a new definition of the surface gravity for the Schwarzschild black hole in the field of quintessence, which depends on the flux of dilatation produced by the quintessence type of dark energy. Afterward, we analyze the impact of dark energy on the power and the time of two black holes needed to coalesce. Keywords: Quintessence, black hole, second-order phase transition, negative absolute temperature, gravitational waves
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[76] viXra:1811.0096 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-06 16:22:46

Solar Planets Motions Trajectory is A Pyramid or A Cone? (Part II)

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 10 Pages.

The Solar Planets Motions Trajectory is A Pyramid Form and Not A Cone Let's summarize the idea in following: I-The Solar Planets are Found On Different Horizontal Levels (Steps) Which makes The Solar Group As A Ladder. Based On That, When The Planets revolve Around The Sun, They create A Pyramid Form For Their Motions Trajectory (The Main Hypothesis) II-The Planet revolution around the sun which we see in ellipse form in fact it's square form. III-i.e. What we see in circle (ellipse form), Its real form is (a square) IV-For that reason the Planets motions Trajectory is A Pyramid and not A Cone This Paper tries to prove this fact
Category: Astrophysics

[75] viXra:1811.0095 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-06 17:35:13

A Geometric Pattern that Distinguishes the “Iron Sulfur” Group of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes

Authors: James A Studier
Comments: 4 Pages.

Given a phylogenetic tree of the P450 enzymes we describe a geometric pattern that distinguishes a major subtree.
Category: Quantitative Biology

[74] viXra:1811.0094 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-06 19:24:58

The Lorentz Upshot of the Galilean Group's Fundamentals

Authors: Steven Kenneth Kauffmann
Comments: 3 Pages.

The fundamental properties of the (x, t) Galilean inertial transformations include their homogeneous linearity, their intrinsic velocity v, where setting v to zero produces the identity transformation and negation of v inverts the transformation, and their closure under composition. We show that stipulation of these three fundamental (x, t) Galilean inertial transformation properties yields all generic (x, t) Lorentz transformation groups, which are distinguished by their speed constant values that supplant c; the (x, t) Galilean group itself is the generic (x, t) Lorentz group with infinite speed constant.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[73] viXra:1811.0093 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-06 23:48:20

Theoretical Model For Holistic Non Unique Clustering

Authors: Ramesh Chandra Bagadi
Comments: 2 Pages.

In this research investigation, the author has presented a novel method for Holistic Non Unique Clustering.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[72] viXra:1811.0092 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-07 02:36:46

Multiverse Shrinkage with C Speed

Authors: Aurelian Dan Ivan
Comments: 2 Pages.

The notions of length, mass and time are the result of sensory perception. Physics is based on images created by us through observation and transmitted for mathematical or experimental confirmations. In modern physics and cosmology, what could not be noticed, being below or above the limit of observation of our instruments, are simple hypotheses that mathematical sciences have to confirm. We evaluate the cosmic space in terms of objects, bodies and particles, dividing the universe into a macrocosm and a microcosm, and establishing absolute results for distances and relative masses, which is illogical. The multiverse is infinite and consists of an infinite number of universes The multiverse is composed of multiverse elements The multiverse elements are perceived by humans as a substance or field function within the human observation . The measures of multiverse elements space-time dimensions, tend to mathematically 0. Applying number 0 to physics formulas is erroneous, except for addition and decrease operations, this being only a neutral element to add; the defining property of 0 is that 0 + a = a for all numbers a. The expressions "something / 0 = infinite" and "something x 0 = 0" can not describe the physical reality. The multiverse is shrinking by changing the scale. The shrinking takes place across the entire space and temporal scale, thus preserving our perception of the relative scale of the universe and of all the multiverse elements that make up at one point. For disqus : daurelian52@gmail.com
Category: Classical Physics

[71] viXra:1811.0091 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-07 03:15:29

C x H x O-valued Gravity, [SU(4)]$^4$ Unification, Hermitian Matrix Geometry and Nonsymmetric Kaluza-Klein Theory

Authors: Carlos Castro
Comments: 15 Pages. Submitted to Advances in Applied Clifford Algebras

We review briefly how {\bf R} $\otimes$ {\bf C} $\otimes$ {\bf H} $\otimes$ {\bf O}-valued Gravity (real-complex-quaterno-octonionic Gravity) naturally can describe a grand unified field theory of Einstein's gravity with a Yang-Mills theory containing the Standard Model group $SU(3) \times SU(2) \times U(1)$. In particular, the $ C \otimes H \otimes O$ algebra is explored deeper. It is found that it can furnish the gauge group {\bf [SU(4)]}$^4$ revealing the possibility of extending the Standard Model by introducing additional gauge bosons, heavy quarks and leptons, and a $fourth$ family of fermions with profound physical implications. An analysis of $ C \otimes H \otimes O$-valued gravity reveals that it bears a connection to Nonsymmetric Kaluza-Klein theories and complex Hermitian Matrix Geometry. The key behind these connections is in finding the relation between $ C \otimes H \otimes O$-valued metrics in $two$ $complex$ dimensions with metrics in $higher$ dimensional $real$ manifolds ($ D = 32 $ real dimensions in particular). It is desirable to extend these results to hypercomplex, quaternionic manifolds and Exceptional Jordan Matrix Models.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[70] viXra:1811.0088 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-05 07:40:57

Training Neuron Model

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 50 Pages.

Artificial neural networks are machine learning systems composed of a large number of connected nodes called artificial neurons. Similar to the neurons in a biological brain, these artificial neurons are the primary basic units that are used to perform neural computations and solve problems. [27] Researchers from the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), Aalto University in Finland, and ETH Zurich have demonstrated a prototype device that uses quantum effects and machine learning to measure magnetic fields more accurately than its classical analogues. [26] Researchers at the University of California San Diego have developed an approach that uses machine learning to identify and predict which genes make infectious bacteria resistant to antibiotics. [25] AI combined with stem cells promises a faster approach to disease prevention. Andrew Masterson reports. According to product chief Trystan Upstill, the news app "uses the best of artificial intelligence to find the best of human intelligence—the great reporting done by journalists around the globe." [23] Artificial intelligence is astonishing in its potential. It will be more transformative than the PC and the Internet. Already it is poised to solve some of our biggest challenges. [22] In the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI), we've often looked for signs of intelligence, technology and communication that are similar to our own. [21] Call it an aMAZE -ing development: A U.K.-based team of researchers has developed an artificial intelligence program that can learn to take shortcuts through a labyrinth to reach its goal. In the process, the program developed structures akin to those in the human brain. [20] And as will be presented today at the 25th annual meeting of the Cognitive Neuroscience networks to enhance their understanding of one of the most elusive intelligence systems, the human brain. [19] U.S. Army Research Laboratory scientists have discovered a way to leverage emerging brain-like computer architectures for an age-old number-theoretic problem known as integer factorization. [18]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[69] viXra:1811.0087 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-05 07:59:06

Microworld_44. Unsolved Problems of Physics_ 4

Authors: N.N.Leonov
Comments: 23 Pages. English and russian texts

This study offers evidence of diamagnetism of electron and proton, as well as of paramagnetism of neutron. Diamagnetism prevails in the microworld. We have described mechanisms of macroscopic paramagnetism and macroscopic diamagnetism occurrence from microscopic diamagnetism. This study offers evidence of diamagnetism of electron and proton, as well as of paramagnetism of neutron.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[68] viXra:1811.0086 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-05 08:10:16

Complex Quantum Teleportation

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 44 Pages.

Scientists from the University of Vienna and the Austrian Academy of Sciences have broken new ground. They sought to use more complex quantum systems than two-dimensionally entangled qubits and thus can increase the information capacity with the same number of particles. [28] Researchers at the University of York have shown that a new quantum-based procedure for distributing secure information along communication lines could be successful in preventing serious security breaches. [27] In the new study, Bomantara and Gong have developed a method for harnessing the unique properties of time crystals for quantum computing that is based on braiding. [26] An Aalto University study has provided new evidence that time crystals can physically exist – a claim currently under hot debate. [25] Yale physicists have uncovered hints of a time crystal—a form of matter that "ticks" when exposed to an electromagnetic pulse—in the last place they expected: a crystal you might find in a child's toy. [24] The research shows that concentrated electrolytes in solution affect hydrogen bonding, ion interactions, and coordination geometries in currently unpredictable ways. [23] An exotic state of matter that is dazzling scientists with its electrical properties, can also exhibit unusual optical properties, as shown in a theoretical study by researchers at A*STAR. [22] The breakthrough was made in the lab of Andrea Alù, director of the ASRC's Photonics Initiative. Alù and his colleagues from The City College of New York, University of Texas at Austin and Tel Aviv University were inspired by the seminal work of three British researchers who won the 2016 Noble Prize in Physics for their work, which teased out that particular properties of matter (such as electrical conductivity) can be preserved in certain materials despite continuous changes in the matter's form or shape. [21] Researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have developed a new technology for switching heat flows 'on' or 'off'. [20] Thermoelectric materials can use thermal differences to generate electricity. Now there is an inexpensive and environmentally friendly way of producing them with the simplest tools: a pencil, photocopy paper, and conductive paint. [19]
Category: Quantum Physics

[67] viXra:1811.0085 [pdf] replaced on 2019-02-13 05:26:05

Event-Driven Models

Authors: Dimiter Dobrev
Comments: 25 Pages.

In Reinforcement Learning we look for meaning in the flow of input/output information. If we do not find meaning, the information flow is not more than noise to us. Before we are able to find meaning, we should first learn how to discover and identify objects. What is an object? In this article we will demonstrate that an object is an event-driven model. These models are a generalization of action-driven models. In Markov Decision Process we have an action-driven model which changes its state at each step. The advantage of event-driven models is their greater sustainability as they change their states only upon the occurrence of particular events. These events may occur very rarely, therefore the state of the event-driven model is much more predictable.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[66] viXra:1811.0084 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-05 08:30:31

Certify Quantum Computer

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 45 Pages.

"The power of quantum computers is what makes them difficult to certify," says Sangouard. "Even the fastest ordinary computers are too slow to check the calculations made by such devices." [29] Scientists from the University of Vienna and the Austrian Academy of Sciences have broken new ground. They sought to use more complex quantum systems than two-dimensionally entangled qubits and thus can increase the information capacity with the same number of particles. [28] Researchers at the University of York have shown that a new quantum-based procedure for distributing secure information along communication lines could be successful in preventing serious security breaches. [27] In the new study, Bomantara and Gong have developed a method for harnessing the unique properties of time crystals for quantum computing that is based on braiding. [26] An Aalto University study has provided new evidence that time crystals can physically exist – a claim currently under hot debate. [25] Yale physicists have uncovered hints of a time crystal—a form of matter that "ticks" when exposed to an electromagnetic pulse—in the last place they expected: a crystal you might find in a child's toy. [24] The research shows that concentrated electrolytes in solution affect hydrogen bonding, ion interactions, and coordination geometries in currently unpredictable ways. [23] An exotic state of matter that is dazzling scientists with its electrical properties, can also exhibit unusual optical properties, as shown in a theoretical study by researchers at A*STAR. [22] The breakthrough was made in the lab of Andrea Alù, director of the ASRC's Photonics Initiative. Alù and his colleagues from The City College of New York, University of Texas at Austin and Tel Aviv University were inspired by the seminal work of three British researchers who won the 2016 Noble Prize in Physics for their work, which teased out that particular properties of matter (such as electrical conductivity) can be preserved in certain materials despite continuous changes in the matter's form or shape. [21] Researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have developed a new technology for switching heat flows 'on' or 'off'. [20]
Category: Quantum Physics

[65] viXra:1811.0083 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-05 09:41:02

Virtual Reality Test Your Nerves

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 50 Pages.

Researchers at EPFL's Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, headed by Professor Carmen Sandi, have set out to learn more with a new virtual reality program. [28] Artificial neural networks are machine learning systems composed of a large number of connected nodes called artificial neurons. Similar to the neurons in a biological brain, these artificial neurons are the primary basic units that are used to perform neural computations and solve problems. [27] Researchers from the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), Aalto University in Finland, and ETH Zurich have demonstrated a prototype device that uses quantum effects and machine learning to measure magnetic fields more accurately than its classical analogues. [26] Researchers at the University of California San Diego have developed an approach that uses machine learning to identify and predict which genes make infectious bacteria resistant to antibiotics. [25] AI combined with stem cells promises a faster approach to disease prevention. Andrew Masterson reports. According to product chief Trystan Upstill, the news app "uses the best of HYPERLINK "https://phys.org/tags/artificial+intelligence/" artificial intelligence to find the best of human intelligence—the great reporting done by journalists around the globe." [23] Artificial intelligence is astonishing in its potential. It will be more transformative than the PC and the Internet. Already it is poised to solve some of our biggest challenges. [22] In the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI), we've often looked for signs of intelligence, technology and communication that are similar to our own. [21] Call it an aMAZE -ing development: A U.K.-based team of researchers has developed an artificial intelligence program that can learn to take shortcuts through a labyrinth to reach its goal. In the process, the program developed structures akin to those in the human brain. [20] And as will be presented today at the 25th annual meeting of the Cognitive Neuroscience networks to enhance their understanding of one of the most elusive intelligence systems, the human brain. [19]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[64] viXra:1811.0082 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-05 10:08:40

Laser Blasting Antimatter

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 65 Pages.

Antimatter is an exotic material that vaporizes when it contacts regular matter. If you hit an antimatter baseball with a bat made of regular matter, it would explode in a burst of light. [39] Femtosecond lasers are capable of processing any solid material with high quality and high precision using their ultrafast and ultra-intense characteristics. [38] To create the flying microlaser, the researchers launched laser light into a water-filled hollow core fiber to optically trap the microparticle. Like the materials used to make traditional lasers, the microparticle incorporates a gain medium. [37] Lasers that emit ultrashort pulses of light are critical components of technologies, including communications and industrial processing, and have been central to fundamental Nobel Prize-winning research in physics. [36] A newly developed laser technology has enabled physicists in the Laboratory for Attosecond Physics (jointly run by LMU Munich and the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics) to generate attosecond bursts of high-energy photons of unprecedented intensity. [35] The unique platform, which is referred as a 4-D microscope, combines the sensitivity and high time-resolution of phase imaging with the specificity and high spatial resolution of fluorescence microscopy. [34] The experiment relied on a soliton frequency comb generated in a chip-based optical microresonator made from silicon nitride. [33] This scientific achievement toward more precise control and monitoring of light is highly interesting for miniaturizing optical devices for sensing and signal processing. [32] It may seem like such optical behavior would require bending the rules of physics, but in fact, scientists at MIT, Harvard University, and elsewhere have now demonstrated that photons can indeed be made to interact-an accomplishment that could open a path toward using photons in quantum computing, if not in light sabers. [31] Optical highways for light are at the heart of modern communications. But when it comes to guiding individual blips of light called photons, reliable transit is far less common. [30] Theoretical physicists propose to use negative interference to control heat flow in quantum devices. [29]
Category: Quantum Physics

[63] viXra:1811.0081 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-05 10:45:33

Saving Physicalism/materialism: the Chalmers Test

Authors: Archibald Ulrich Thor
Comments: 3 Pages.

Not a full-blown article, just a quick sketch on an alternative take on the philosophical zombie problem that neglects vague notions of "conceivability" or "metaphysical possibility" in favor of tentatively more rigorous language. The implication seems to be that some form of monism is logically necessary.
Category: Mind Science

[62] viXra:1811.0079 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-05 12:32:09

Quantum Ontology Suggested by a Kochen-Specker Loophole

Authors: Archibald Ulrich Thor
Comments: 5 Pages.

We discuss a specific way in which the conclusions of the Kochen-Specker theorem may be avoided while, at the same time, closing the gap in a practical but usually neglected matter regarding scientific methodology in general. Implications of the possibilities of hidden variables thus defined are discussed, and a tentative connexion with cosmology is delineated.
Category: Quantum Physics

[61] viXra:1811.0077 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-05 15:54:58

Living System Negative Entropy Reliability, Old Trees and a Fifth Law for Thermodynamics on Negative Entropy

Authors: Alec Feinberg
Comments: 6 Pages. Pre-print 2019 RAMS Conf. Paper, IEEE Copyright Notice

Physics of failure laws could start with the Second Law of thermodynamics as it explains aging when written as “The spontaneous irreversible degradation processes causing aging that take place in a system interacting with its environment will do so in order to go towards thermodynamic equilibrium with its environment increasing entropy” Often in thermodynamics we can think of replacing the word aging with disorder or entropy increase. Yet it might be said we are at a loss according to the Second Law when we try and explain why living systems allow for spontaneous growth and repair, because in this case entropy is decreasing. In life forms, negative entropy eventually gives way to aging or entropy increase. For living system reliability, understanding aging, requires an additional knowledge of order, repair and growth, a new type of physics of non failure. The concept of spontaneous clearly applies to disorder in the Second Law, yet living systems uncontrollably spontaneously grow and repair, creating order. However, to make matters even more complicated, Mother Nature has created one living system that seems capable of a type of perpetual spontaneous negative entropy. This life form is trees where in some cases reported to 9000 years old. Such longevity is beyond ones human comprehension. It becomes apparent in our assessment, that the Second Law has shortcomings and a Fifth Law of Thermodynamics is proposed for repair and growth. We will see that the Carnot cycle instrumental in the second law is modified for living system so that appropriate efficiencies can accurately be measured. Lastly we describe atomic weapons and global warming. In these extreme cases, degradation can be so severe negative reproductive entropy is unattainable. Extreme degradation will likely have cascade effects, so that many systems can become irreproducible in the environment. Such events need to be defined and identified in today’s modern age in thermodynamic terms, which we introduce in this paper.
Category: Thermodynamics and Energy

[60] viXra:1811.0076 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-05 19:17:23

Solar Planets Motions Trajectory is a Pyramid (Part i)

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 7 Pages.

Research Paper "Solar Planets Motions Trajectory is A pyramid (Part I)" Abstract The Study Hypothesis: The Solar Planets are Found On Different Horizontal Levels Which makes The Solar Group As A Ladder (Different Steps Of Ladder) Based On That, When The Planets revolve Around The Sun, They create A Pyramid Form For Their Motions Trajectory…. The solar planets are found on horizontal level (even in different steps) which creates the ladder form for the solar group… but "Uranus – Neptune – Pluto" are found on vertical direction relating to the other planets We complete the discussion of The Solar Group Geometrical Structure is A Pyramid (Revised)
Category: Astrophysics

[59] viXra:1811.0074 [pdf] replaced on 2019-01-20 11:07:51

The Physics of Life: Flipping a Quantum Coin

Authors: D. Chakalov
Comments: 14 Pages. Typos corrected.

If Schrödinger’s cat paradox is difficult to understand, consider flipping a quantum coin. At the end of the day, the physics of life shows a hit to quantum gravity and spacetime engineering.
Category: Quantum Physics

[58] viXra:1811.0073 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-06 00:04:55

Variable Polytropic Gas Cosmology

Authors: M. Salti, E. E. Kangal, O. Aydogdu
Comments: 16 Pages.

We mainly study a cosmological scenario dening by the variable Polytropic gas (VPG) unified energy density proposal. To reach this aim, we start with reconstructing a generalized form of the original Polyrtropic gas (OPG) denition. Later, we fit the auxiliary parameters given in the model and discuss essential cosmological features of the VPG proposal. Besides, we compare the VPG with the OPG by focusing on recent observational dataset given in literature including Planck 2018 results. We see that the VPG model yields better results than the OPG description and it fits very well with the recent experimental data. Moreover, we discuss some thermodynamical features of the VPG and conclude that the model describes a thermodynamically stable system.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[57] viXra:1811.0072 [pdf] replaced on 2019-01-01 23:58:16

Theorem for W^n and Fermat's Last Theorem

Authors: Quang Nguyen Van
Comments: 4 Pages.

We give a expression of w^n and the possible to apply for solving Fermat's Last theorem.
Category: Number Theory

[56] viXra:1811.0071 [pdf] replaced on 2018-11-06 07:41:06

Lorentz Force in Special Relativity Theory

Authors: Sangwha Yi
Comments: 4 Pages.

In the Special Relativity theory, we tell undergraduate how Lorentz 4-force is invariant in Special Relativity theory.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[55] viXra:1811.0070 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-06 03:18:04

Quantum Hard Drive for Light

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 73 Pages.

Physicists at the University of Alberta in Canada have developed a new way to build quantum memories, a method for storing delicate quantum information encoded into pulses of light. [45] Now, an Australian research team has experimentally realised a crucial combination of these capabilities on a silicon chip, bringing the dream of a universal quantum computer closer to reality. [44] A theoretical concept to realize quantum information processing has been developed by Professor Guido Burkard and his team of physicists at the University of Konstanz. [43] As the number of hacks and security breaches rapidly climbs, scientists say there may be a way to make a truly unhackable network by using the laws of quantum physics. [42] This world-first nanophotonic device, just unveiled in Nature Communications, encodes more data and processes it much faster than conventional fiber optics by using a special form of 'twisted' light. [41] Purdue University researchers created a new technique that would increase the secret bit rate 100-fold, to over 35 million photons per second. [40] Physicists at The City College of New York have used atomically thin two-dimensional materials to realize an array of quantum emitters operating at room temperature that can be integrated into next generation quantum communication systems. [39] Research in the quantum optics lab of Prof. Barak Dayan in the Weizmann Institute of Science may be bringing the development of such computers one step closer by providing the "quantum gates" that are required for communication within and between such quantum computers. [38] Calculations of a quantum system's behavior can spiral out of control when they involve more than a handful of particles. [37]
Category: Quantum Physics

[54] viXra:1811.0069 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-06 04:29:15

Silicon Device and Quantum Information

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 75 Pages.

Physicists at the University of Alberta in Canada have developed a new way to build quantum memories, a method for storing delicate quantum information encoded into pulses of light. [45] Now, an Australian research team has experimentally realised a crucial combination of these capabilities on a silicon chip, bringing the dream of a universal quantum computer closer to reality. [44] A theoretical concept to realize quantum information processing has been developed by Professor Guido Burkard and his team of physicists at the University of Konstanz. [43] As the number of hacks and security breaches rapidly climbs, scientists say there may be a way to make a truly unhackable network by using the laws of quantum physics. [42] This world-first nanophotonic device, just unveiled in Nature Communications, encodes more data and processes it much faster than conventional fiber optics by using a special form of 'twisted' HYPERLINK "https://phys.org/tags/light/" light. [41] Purdue University researchers created a new technique that would increase the secret bit rate 100-fold, to over 35 million photons per second. [40]
Category: Quantum Physics

[53] viXra:1811.0068 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-06 04:52:52

Mystery Particle Spotted at 28 Gev! Discovery Would Require Physics so Weird that Nobody Has Even Thought of It.

Authors: Michael John Sarnowski
Comments: 5 Pages.

In Sphere Theory, the universe is a sphere made of spheres. Most of these spheres are packed in a cuboctahedron structure, but there are inclusion and dislocation defects. As part of the theory the high mass particles come from combinations of the layers of the cuboctahedron structures. Especially the first few layers of a cuboctahedron structure. The new 28 GeV particle conforms to this model. It is shown, in this model to come from the 3rd layer of the cuboctahedron with 92 spheres. Also included in this paper are the other high mass particles, all of which conform to a cuboctahedron structure layers for their mass. Due to the propagation of light, gravity, charge, magnetism etc., and their quantized values, it has been hypothesized that, the universe should be filled with some type of almost homogeneous structure. It was shown in “Discrete Calculations of Charge and Gravity with Planck Spinning Spheres and Kaluza Spinning Spheres”( 1) that charge and gravity could be modeled by a sphere with a Compton wavelength radius of the neutron. If the neutron Compton wavelength is important to the propagation of charge and gravity then it is proposed that it also must be connected to some structure of the volume in which these forces are transmitted. “Underlying Cuboctahedron Packing of Planck Spinning Spheres Structure of the Hubble Universe” establishes a strong correlation, on multiple levels, between the larger mass quarks and bosons, and a cuboctahedron –Vector Equilibrium structure using the mass of the neutron and the combining of the layers of a cuboctahedron packing of spheres. The layers of a cuboctahedron follow a consistent progression for the quantity of spheres that can be packed in a layer. The masses of the w boson, z boson, bottom quark, top quark and the Higgs can be directly correlated to the first few layers of a cuboctahedron structure, and in a mirror manner described in this paper.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[52] viXra:1811.0067 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-06 05:05:28

Electron Quantum Metamaterials

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 47 Pages.

In the perspective, Gabor and Song collect early examples in electron metamaterials and distil emerging design strategies for electronic control from them. [29] Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) researchers are working to make better electronic devices by delving into the way nanocrystals are arranged inside of them. [28] Self-assembly and crystallisation of nanoparticles (NPs) is generally a complex process, based on the evaporation or precipitation of NP-building blocks. [27] New nanoparticle-based films that are more than 80 times thinner than a human hair may help to fill this need by providing materials that can holographically archive more than 1000 times more data than a DVD in a 10-by-10-centimeter piece of film. [26]
Category: Condensed Matter

[51] viXra:1811.0066 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-06 05:21:30

Molecular Electronics Detecting E. Coli

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 48 Pages.

Finding a fast and inexpensive way to detect specific strains of bacteria and viruses is critical to food safety, water quality, environmental protection and human health. [30] In the perspective, Gabor and Song collect early examples in electron metamaterials and distil emerging design strategies for electronic control from them. [29] Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) researchers are working to make better electronic devices by delving into the way nanocrystals are arranged inside of them. [28] Self-assembly and crystallisation of nanoparticles (NPs) is generally a complex process, based on the evaporation or precipitation of NP-building blocks. [27] New nanoparticle-based films that are more than 80 times thinner than a human hair may help to fill this need by providing materials that can holographically archive more than 1000 times more data than a DVD in a 10-by-10-centimeter piece of film. [26] Researches of scientists from South Ural State University are implemented within this area. [25]
Category: Physics of Biology

[50] viXra:1811.0064 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-04 08:50:35

Equivalence Principle is Wrong ? ( In Russian )

Authors: L.Rimsha, V.Rimsha
Comments: 8 Pages.

Мы рассматриваем частный случай принципа эквивалентности ( ПЭ ) , а именно - утверждение о том, что однородное статическое гравитационное поле в инерциальной системе отсчета своим влиянием на ход неподвижных часов ( ход времени ) во всем ( т.е. полностью ) тождественно влиянию ускоренного движения на ход неподвижных часов в жесткой равноускоренной системе отсчета .
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[49] viXra:1811.0063 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-04 10:10:48

R (T) in Integral Representation

Authors: Zafer Sah
Comments: 22 Pages.

The location coordinate in free fall is brought into a harmonic form. This results in an elementary representation that would appear in almost every physics book.
Category: Classical Physics

[48] viXra:1811.0062 [pdf] replaced on 2018-11-05 06:35:15

P ≠ co-NP

Authors: Robert DiGregorio
Comments: 2 Pages. fix typos and clarify

We prove that class P ≠ class co-NP.
Category: Data Structures and Algorithms

[47] viXra:1811.0061 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-04 13:04:17

Big Data Flow Adjustment Using Knapsack Problem

Authors: Eyman Yosef, A. A. Salama, M. Elsayed Wahed2
Comments: 10 Pages.

The advancements of mobile devices, public networks and the Internet of creature huge amounts of complex data, both construct & unstructured are being captured in trust to allow organizations to produce better business decisions as data is now pivotal for an organizations success. These enormous amounts of data are referred to as Big Data , which enables a competitive advantage over rivals when processed and analyzed appropriately. However Big Data Analytics has a few concerns including Management of Data, Privacy & Security, getting optimal path for transport data, and Data Representation. However, the structure of network does not completely match transportation demand, i.e. , there still exist a few bottlenecks in the network. This paper presents a new approach to get the optimal path of valuable data movement through a given network based on the knapsack problem. This paper will give value for each piece of data, it depends on the importance of this data (each piece of data defined by two arguments size and value), and the approach tries to find the optimal path from source to destination, a mathematical models are developed to adjust data flows between their shortest paths based on the 0 - 1 knapsack problem. We also take out computational experience using the commercial software Gurobi and a greedy algorithm (GA), respectively. The outcome indicates that the suggest models are active and workable. This paper introduced two different algorithms to study the shortest path problems: the first algorithm studies the shortest path problems when stochastic activates and activities does not depend on weights. The second algorithm studies the shortest path problems depends on weights.
Category: Digital Signal Processing

[46] viXra:1811.0060 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-04 13:18:44

The Solar Group Geometrical Structure is A Pyramid (Revised)

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 46 Pages.

The Solar Group Is A Pyramid Abstract Let's explain this idea in following: -The sun is found on the Pyramid Apex -Each Planet is found on different level which makes the solar group as a ladder -The planets (Mercury - Saturn - Neptune – Pluto) form the Pyramid Base -The players (The sun – Earth – Moon – Mars) form the pyramid Height (The Pyramid Main Column) -The rest planets form the Pyramid walls -The pyramid is consisted by the planets motions i.e. -The Pyramid Is The Solar Planets Motions Trajectory… -The Pyramid Base and Height consist from different planets levels on the ladder… Best Regards Gerges Francis Tawdrous TEL +201022532292
Category: Astrophysics

[45] viXra:1811.0058 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-04 20:19:54

Gravitational Angels

Authors: Evgeny A. Novikov
Comments: 1 Page.

Based on the quantum modification of general relativity (Qmoger), gravitational angel (gravitangel) is introduced as a cloud of the background gravitons hovering over the ordinary matter (OM). According to Qmoger, the background gravitons are ultralight and they form the quantum condensate even for high temperature. The quantum entanglement of OM particles is explained in terms of splitting gravitangels. A hierarchy of gravitangels of different scale is considered. One of the simplest gravitangel is hovering over neutrino, which explains the neutrino oscillations. A more large-scale gravitangels are hovering over the neuron clusters in the brain, which explains the subjective experiences (qualia). The global gravitangel (GG) is connected to all processes happening with OM in the universe. GG can be considered as a gigantic quantum supercomputer.
Category: Quantum Physics

[44] viXra:1811.0057 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-04 21:28:47

Spiral Galaxy Rotation Curves and Arm Formation Without Dark Matter or MOND

Authors: Tarun Biswas
Comments: 6 pages, 7 figures

Usual explanations of spiral galaxy rotation curves assume circular orbits of stars. The consequences of giving up this assumption were investigated through a couple of models in an earlier communication. Here, further investigations of one of these models (the spinner model) shows that it can explain the formation of the spiral arms as well. It is also shown that the behavior of the tail of the rotation curve is related to the age of the galaxy. The spinner model conjectures the existence of a spinning hot disk around a spherical galactic core. The disk is held together by local gravity and electromagnetic scattering forces. However, it disintegrates at the edge producing fragments that form stars. Once separated from the disk, the stars experience only the centrally directed gravitational force due to the massive core and remaining disk. A numerical simulation shows that a high enough angular velocity of the disk produces hyperbolic stellar trajectories that agree with the observed rotation curves. Besides the rotation curves, the simulation generates two other observable features of spiral galaxies. First, it shows the formation of spiral arms and their nearly equal angular separations. Second, it determines that, for large radial distances, younger galaxies have rotation curves that dip downwards and older galaxies have a rising trend. The strength of this model lies in the fact that it does not require the postulation of dark matter or MOND. This model also revisits the method of estimation of star age. As the stars are formed from an already hot disk, they do not start off as cold collections of dust and gas. Hence, their ages are expected to be significantly less than what current models estimate. This explains why they have not escaped the galaxy in spite of their hyperbolic trajectories.
Category: Astrophysics

[43] viXra:1811.0056 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-05 03:50:29

Linear and Circular Photon Polarization States in the Mach-Zehnder Interference Experiment

Authors: Jean Louis Van Belle
Comments: 8 Pages.

This paper continues to explore a possible physical interpretation of the wavefunction but with a focus on the wavefunction(s) of a single photon in the Mach-Zehnder experiment. It focuses, in particular, on how one might visualize linear and circular polarization states for photon waves, and how beam splitters may or may not split a circular polarization state into two independent linear polarization states or – vice versa – recombine two linear polarization states into one circular state. As such, it attempts to provide a more refined approach to the rather crude hidden-variable theory for explaining quantum-mechanical interference that was presented in a previous paper (http://vixra.org/pdf/1811.0005v1.pdf). The outcome is the same, however: the theory does not work. Hence, this paper again shows the limit of such physical interpretations, thereby confirming the intuition behind Bell’s Theorem.
Category: Quantum Physics

[42] viXra:1811.0054 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-03 07:01:06

Plasmons in Superconductors

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 46 Pages.

US researchers studying high-temperature cuprate superconductors outside the superconducting regime have used cutting-edge X-ray scattering to detect long-predicted – but never previously observed – excitations called plasmons perpendicular to the material's atomic planes. [27] Using solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) techniques, scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy's Ames Laboratory discovered a new quantum criticality in a superconducting material, leading to a greater understanding of the link between magnetism and unconventional superconductivity. [26] Improving these devices could mean more powerful computers, better detectors of disease and technological advances scientists can't even predict yet. [25] Researchers at the Schliesser Lab at the Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, have demonstrated a new way to address a central problem in quantum physics: at the quantum scale, any measurement disturbs the measured object. [24] An answer to a quantum-physical question provided by the algorithm Melvin has uncovered a hidden link between quantum experiments and the mathematical field of Graph Theory. [23] Engineers develop key mathematical formula for driving quantum experiments. [22] Physicists are developing quantum simulators, to help solve problems that are beyond the reach of conventional computers. [21] Engineers at Australia's University of New South Wales have invented a radical new architecture for quantum computing, based on novel 'flip-flop qubits', that promises to make the large-scale manufacture of quantum chips dramatically cheaper-and easier-than thought possible. [20] A team of researchers from the U.S. and Italy has built a quantum memory device that is approximately 1000 times smaller than similar devices— small enough to install on a chip. [19] The cutting edge of data storage research is working at the level of individual atoms and molecules, representing the ultimate limit of technological miniaturisation. [18]
Category: Quantum Physics

[41] viXra:1811.0053 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-03 08:41:47

Microworld_43. Unsolved Problems of Physics_ 3

Authors: N.N.Leonov
Comments: 20 Pages. English and russian texts

The mechanism of electromagnetic atomic radiation frequency spectrum has been described.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[40] viXra:1811.0052 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-03 09:09:12

Large Spherical Viruses

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 18 Pages.

A virus, the simplest physical object in biology, consists of a protein shell called the capsid, which protects its nucleic acid genome—RNA or DNA. [9] A protein involved in cognition and storing long-term memories looks and acts like a protein from viruses. [8] Discovery of quantum vibrations in 'microtubules' inside brain neurons supports controversial theory of consciousness The human body is a constant flux of thousands of chemical/biological interactions and processes connecting molecules, cells, organs, and fluids, throughout the brain, body, and nervous system. Up until recently it was thought that all these interactions operated in a linear sequence, passing on information much like a runner passing the baton to the next runner. However, the latest findings in quantum biology and biophysics have discovered that there is in fact a tremendous degree of coherence within all living systems. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to understand the Quantum Biology.
Category: Physics of Biology

[39] viXra:1811.0051 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-03 10:47:22

Mysterious Periodicity of Genome

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 20 Pages.

Scientists at the Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) have found an explanation for a periodicity in the sequence of the genomes of all eukaryotes, from yeast to humans. [10] A virus, the simplest physical object in biology, consists of a protein shell called the capsid, which protects its nucleic acid genome—RNA or DNA. [9] A protein involved in cognition and storing long-term memories looks and acts like a protein from viruses. [8] Discovery of quantum vibrations in 'microtubules' inside brain neurons supports controversial theory of consciousness The human body is a constant flux of thousands of chemical/biological interactions and processes connecting molecules, cells, organs, and fluids, throughout the brain, body, and nervous system. Up until recently it was thought that all these interactions operated in a linear sequence, passing on information much like a runner passing the baton to the next runner. However, the latest findings in quantum biology and biophysics have discovered that there is in fact a tremendous degree of coherence within all living systems. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to understand the Quantum Biology.
Category: Physics of Biology

[38] viXra:1811.0050 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-03 11:02:02

Ring-Shaped Protein

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 21 Pages.

Biological physicists at Rice University have a new cellular mechanics theory that rings true. [11] Scientists at the Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) have found an explanation for a periodicity in the sequence of the genomes of all eukaryotes, from yeast to humans. [10] A virus, the simplest physical object in biology, consists of a protein shell called the capsid, which protects its nucleic acid genome—RNA or DNA. [9] A protein involved in cognition and storing long-term memories looks and acts like a protein from viruses. [8] Discovery of quantum vibrations in 'microtubules' inside brain neurons supports controversial theory of consciousness The human body is a constant flux of thousands of chemical/biological interactions and processes connecting molecules, cells, organs, and fluids, throughout the brain, body, and nervous system. Up until recently it was thought that all these interactions operated in a linear sequence, passing on information much like a runner passing the baton to the next runner. However, the latest findings in quantum biology and biophysics have discovered that there is in fact a tremendous degree of coherence within all living systems. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to understand the Quantum Biology.
Category: Physics of Biology

[37] viXra:1811.0049 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-03 11:25:51

Cellular Atlas of Brain

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 25 Pages.

For decades, scientists have viewed the brain as a veritable black box—and now Catherine Dulac and Xiaowei Zhuang are poised to open it. [12] Biological physicists at Rice University have a new cellular mechanics theory that rings true. [11] Scientists at the Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) have found an explanation for a periodicity in the sequence of the genomes of all eukaryotes, from yeast to humans. [10] A virus, the simplest physical object in biology, consists of a protein shell called the capsid, which protects its nucleic acid genome—RNA or DNA. [9] A protein involved in cognition and storing long-term memories looks and acts like a protein from viruses. [8] Discovery of quantum vibrations in 'microtubules' inside brain neurons supports controversial theory of consciousness The human body is a constant flux of thousands of chemical/biological interactions and processes connecting molecules, cells, organs, and fluids, throughout the brain, body, and nervous system. Up until recently it was thought that all these interactions operated in a linear sequence, passing on information much like a runner passing the baton to the next runner. However, the latest findings in quantum biology and biophysics have discovered that there is in fact a tremendous degree of coherence within all living systems. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to understand the Quantum Biology.
Category: Physics of Biology

[36] viXra:1811.0047 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-03 16:44:10

Elemental Mass Equilibrium in Stellar Metamorphosis

Authors: Jeffrey Joseph Wolynski
Comments: 2 Pages. 1 illustration

A new concept is introduced to further expand the general theory. It is the concept of elemental mass equilibrium. When the star evolves the total mass of all its hydrogen will be equal to the total mass of iron, reaching what is called the elemental mass equilibrium point. All highly evolved stars have passed through this point. Explanation is provided with a hand drawn graph to illustrate the concept.
Category: Astrophysics

[35] viXra:1811.0044 [pdf] replaced on 2019-03-23 23:14:31

A Simple Proof That Finite Quantum Theory And Finite Mathematics Are More Fundamental Than Standard Quantum Theory And Classical Mathematics, Respectively

Authors: Felix M. Lev
Comments: 9 Pages. Title and abstract revisited

Standard quantum theory is based on classical mathematics involving such notions as infinitely small/large and continuity. Those notions were proposed by Newton and Leibniz more than 300 years ago when people believed that every object can be divided by an arbitrarily large number of arbitrarily small parts. However, now it is obvious that when we reach the level of atoms and elementary particles then standard division loses its meaning and in nature there are no infinitely small objects and no continuity. In our previous publications we proposed a version of finite quantum theory (FQT) based on a finite ring or field with characteristic $p$. In the present paper we first define the notion when theory A is more general than theory B and theory B is a special degenerate case of theory A. Then we prove that standard quantum theory is a special degenerate case of FQT in the formal limit $p\to\infty$. Since quantum theory is the most general physics theory, this implies that classical mathematics itself is a special degenerate case of finite mathematics in the formal limit when the characteristic of the ring or field in the latter goes to infinity. In general, introducing infinity automatically implies transition to a degenerate theory because in that case all operations modulo a number are lost. So, {\it even from the pure mathematical point of view}, the very notion of infinity cannot be fundamental, and theories involving infinities can be only approximations to more general theories. Motivation and implications are discussed.
Category: General Mathematics

[34] viXra:1811.0042 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-04 03:31:05

Some Suggestions in Modern Physics.

Authors: Durgadas Datta.
Comments: 2 Pages. Hints for a new Quantum Physics.

Re looking Modern Physics.
Category: Classical Physics

[33] viXra:1811.0041 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-02 07:37:32

Powerful Quantum Sensors

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 42 Pages.

Improving these devices could mean more powerful computers, better detectors of disease and technological advances scientists can't even predict yet. [25] Researchers at the Schliesser Lab at the Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, have demonstrated a new way to address a central problem in quantum physics: at the quantum scale, any measurement disturbs the measured object. [24] An answer to a quantum-physical question provided by the algorithm Melvin has uncovered a hidden link between quantum experiments and the mathematical field of Graph Theory. [23] Engineers develop key mathematical formula for driving quantum experiments. [22] Physicists are developing quantum simulators, to help solve problems that are beyond the reach of conventional computers. [21] Engineers at Australia's University of New South Wales have invented a radical new architecture for quantum computing, based on novel 'flip-flop qubits', that promises to make the large-scale manufacture of quantum chips dramatically cheaper-and easier-than thought possible. [20] A team of researchers from the U.S. and Italy has built a quantum memory device that is approximately 1000 times smaller than similar devices— small enough to install on a chip. [19] The cutting edge of data storage research is working at the level of individual atoms and molecules, representing the ultimate limit of technological miniaturisation. [18] This is an important clue for our theoretical understanding of optically controlled magnetic data storage media. [17] A crystalline material that changes shape in response to light could form the heart of novel light-activated devices. [16] Now a team of Penn State electrical engineers have a way to simultaneously control diverse optical properties of dielectric waveguides by using a two-layer coating, each layer with a near zero thickness and weight. [15]
Category: Quantum Physics

[32] viXra:1811.0040 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-02 07:47:23

Anomalous Acceleration, Atypical Shape and Others Unexpected Features of Interstellar Interloper `OUMUAMUA

Authors: José J. Astorkia
Comments: 9 Pages.

The first observed interstellar minor body ´OUMUAMUA presents unexpected features for interstellar interlopers. This paper shows an scenary that causes changes of these features during journey in solar system.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[31] viXra:1811.0039 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-02 08:37:44

Protein Stem Cells in Brain

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 54 Pages.

A research group from Kumamoto University, Japan, has discovered a new neurogenic mechanism responsible for brain development. [34] These will then produce the proteins themselves, without the cell functions being disturbed: cells, structures or their activities thus become visible under the microscope. [33] Measuring optical blood flow in the resting human brain to detect spontaneous activity has for the first time been demonstrated by Wright State University imaging researchers, holding out promise for a better way to study people with autism, Alzheimer's and depression. [32] UCLA biologists report they have transferred a memory from one marine snail to another, creating an artificial memory, by injecting RNA from one to another. [31] Scientists at the Wellcome Trust/ Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, have identified a new type of stem cell in the brain which they say has a high potential for repair following brain injury or disease. [30] A team of researchers working at the Weizmann Institute of Science has found that organoids can be used to better understand how the human brain wrinkles as it develops. [29] A team of biologists has found an unexpected source for the brain's development, a finding that offers new insights into the building of the nervous system. [28] Researchers discover both the structure of specific brain areas and memory are linked to genetic activity that also play important roles in immune system function. [27] The inner workings of the human brain have always been a subject of great interest. Unfortunately, it is fairly difficult to view brain structures or intricate tissues due to the fact that the skull is not transparent by design. [26] But now there is a technology that enables us to "read the mind" with growing accuracy: functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). [25] Advances in microscopy techniques have often triggered important discoveries in the field of neuroscience, enabling vital insights in understanding the brain and promising new treatments for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. [24]
Category: Physics of Biology

[30] viXra:1811.0038 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-02 09:44:08

Atomic View of Molecular Machines

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 40 Pages.

Researchers from the MPSD's Department of Atomically Resolved Dynamics at the Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, the Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (all in Hamburg), the University of Toronto in Canada and the ETH in Zurich, Switzerland, have developed a new method to watch biomolecules at work. [24] Proteins rarely work alone, they interact, form protein complexes or bind DNA and RNA to control what a cell does. [23] Using tiny micromotors to diagnose and treat disease in the human body could soon be a reality. [22] Scientists at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have produced the most precise picture to date of population dynamics in fluctuating feast-or-famine conditions. [21] For planetary protection, this indicates that more stringent cleaning steps may be needed for missions focused on life detection and highlights the potential need to use differing and rotating cleaning reagents that are compatible with the spacecraft to control the biological burden. [20]
Category: Physics of Biology

[29] viXra:1811.0037 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-02 10:28:11

Quantum Monte Carlo Predictions

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 43 Pages.

To take QMC to the next level, Kent and colleagues start with materials such as vanadium dioxide that display unusual electronic behavior. [25] Researchers at the Schliesser Lab at the Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, have demonstrated a new way to address a central problem in quantum physics: at the quantum scale, any measurement disturbs the measured object. [24] An answer to a quantum-physical question provided by the algorithm Melvin has uncovered a hidden link between quantum experiments and the mathematical field of Graph Theory. [23] Engineers develop key mathematical formula for driving quantum experiments. [22] Physicists are developing quantum simulators, to help solve problems that are beyond the reach of conventional computers. [21] Engineers at Australia's University of New South Wales have invented a radical new architecture for quantum computing, based on novel 'flip-flop qubits', that promises to make the large-scale manufacture of quantum chips dramatically cheaper-and easier-than thought possible. [20] A team of researchers from the U.S. and Italy has built a quantum memory device that is approximately 1000 times smaller than similar devices— small enough to install on a chip. [19] The cutting edge of data storage research is working at the level of individual atoms and molecules, representing the ultimate limit of technological miniaturisation. [18] This is an important clue for our theoretical understanding of optically controlled magnetic data storage media. [17] A crystalline material that changes shape in response to light could form the heart of novel light-activated devices. [16] Now a team of Penn State electrical engineers have a way to simultaneously control diverse optical properties of dielectric waveguides by using a two-layer coating, each layer with a near zero thickness and weight. [15]
Category: Quantum Physics

[28] viXra:1811.0036 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-02 10:41:52

Incompatibility of the Dirac-Like Field Operators with the Majorana Anzatzen

Authors: Valeriy V. Dvoeglazov
Comments: 19 Pages. Extended version of viXra:1809.0241 to include spin 1.

In the present article we investigate the spin-1/2 and spin-1 cases in different bases. Next, we look for relations with the Majorana-like field operator. We show explicitly incompatibility of the Majorana anzatzen with the Dirac-like field operators in both the original Majorana theory and its generalizations. Several explicit examples are presented for higher spins too. It seems that the calculations in the helicity basis give mathematically and physically reasonable results only.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[27] viXra:1811.0035 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-02 11:05:08

Quantum Criticality in Superconductivity

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 43 Pages.

Using solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) techniques, scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy's Ames Laboratory discovered a new quantum criticality in a superconducting material, leading to a greater understanding of the link between magnetism and unconventional superconductivity. [26] Improving these devices could mean more powerful computers, better detectors of disease and technological advances scientists can't even predict yet. [25] Researchers at the Schliesser Lab at the Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, have demonstrated a new way to address a central problem in quantum physics: at the quantum scale, any measurement disturbs the measured object. [24] An answer to a quantum-physical question provided by the algorithm Melvin has uncovered a hidden link between quantum experiments and the mathematical field of Graph Theory. [23] Engineers develop key mathematical formula for driving quantum experiments. [22] Physicists are developing quantum simulators, to help solve problems that are beyond the reach of conventional computers. [21] Engineers at Australia's University of New South Wales have invented a radical new architecture for quantum computing, based on novel 'flip-flop qubits', that promises to make the large-scale manufacture of quantum chips dramatically cheaper-and easier-than thought possible. [20] A team of researchers from the U.S. and Italy has built a quantum memory device that is approximately 1000 times smaller than similar devices— small enough to install on a chip. [19] The cutting edge of data storage research is working at the level of individual atoms and molecules, representing the ultimate limit of technological miniaturisation. [18] This is an important clue for our theoretical understanding of optically controlled magnetic data storage media. [17]
Category: Quantum Physics

[26] viXra:1811.0034 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-02 12:43:56

Antimatter Gravity at CERN

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 32 Pages.

Two new experiments at CERN, ALPHA-g and GBAR, have now started their journey towards answering this question. [25] Mysterious radiation emitted from distant corners of the galaxy could finally be explained with efforts to recreate a unique state of matter that blinked into existence in the first moments after the Big Bang. [24] Researchers at Oregon State University have confirmed that last fall's union of two neutron stars did in fact cause a short gamma-ray burst. [23] Quark matter – an extremely dense phase of matter made up of subatomic particles called quarks – may exist at the heart of neutron stars. [22] When a massive astrophysical object, such as a boson star or black hole, rotates, it can cause the surrounding spacetime to rotate along with it due to the effect of frame dragging. [21] Rotating black holes and computers that use quantum-mechanical phenomena to process information are topics that have fascinated science lovers for decades, but even the most innovative thinkers rarely put them together. [20] If someone were to venture into one of these relatively benign black holes, they could survive, but their past would be obliterated and they could have an infinite number of possible futures. [19] The group explains their theory in a paper published in the journal Physical Review Letters—it involves the idea of primordial black holes (PBHs) infesting the centers of neutron stars and eating them from the inside out. [18] But for rotating black holes, there's a region outside the event horizon where strange and extraordinary things can happen, and these extraordinary possibilities are the focus of a new paper in the American Physical Society journal Physical Review Letters. [17] Astronomers have constructed the first map of the universe based on the positions of supermassive black holes, which reveals the large-scale structure of the universe. [16] Astronomers want to record an image of the heart of our galaxy for the first time: a global collaboration of radio dishes is to take a detailed look at the black hole which is assumed to be located there. [15]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[25] viXra:1811.0033 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-02 14:16:28

The Bumps in the Di-Muon Mass Spectra at 28.3 GeV in the LHC Data and 30.4 GeV in the LEP Data

Authors: Sylwester Kornowski
Comments: 2 Pages.

The atom-like structure of baryons described within the Scale-Symmetric Theory (SST) shows that for colliding nucleons we should observe an excess in the di-muon mass spectra at 28.3 GeV with a natural width 1.5 GeV while for colliding electrons should be respectively 30.2 GeV and 1.6 GeV. Obtained here results are consistent with the initial results obtained in the CMS and ALEPH experiments.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[24] viXra:1811.0032 [pdf] replaced on 2019-07-02 11:20:24

An Optimization Approach to the Riemann Hypothesis

Authors: Hassine Saidane
Comments: 3 Pages.

A great deal of research has been and still is being devoted to the zeros of the Riemann Zeta function (RZF) that are in the critical strip and known as the nontrivial zeros of RZF. The Riemann Hypothesis (RH) states that these zeros are all located on the critical line . Although a large number of nontrivial zeros have proved to be located on the critical line through numerical computation methods, starting with Riemann’s manual computation of the first few zero, no analytical proof or disproof of RH has been found since its conjecture by Riemann in 1859. In this paper, we implement a novel analytical approach to RH based on optimization. This analysis tool proved successful in deriving some important scientific theories and laws. Such a success prompted us to use this tool to analytically derive the location of RZF nontrivial zeros in order to either prove or disprove the Riemann Hypothesis. This was achieved by formulating and solving the appropriate location optimization problem.
Category: Number Theory

[23] viXra:1811.0030 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-02 20:21:42

The Solar Group Geometrical Structure is A Pyramid

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 37 Pages.

I claim that The solar group geometrical structure is a pyramid Form Where the sun is in the Pyramid Head And the solar outer planets form the Pyramid Base…. This paper tries to prove this fact..
Category: Astrophysics

[22] viXra:1811.0029 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-03 03:15:04

Cryptographic Magnetic Anisotropy

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 70 Pages.

In a step forward for information security for the Internet of Things, a team of researchers has published a new paper in the online edition of Nano Letters in which they have engineered a new type of physically unclonable function (PUF) based on interfacial magnetic anisotropy energy (IAE). [40] Researchers from Linköping University and the Royal Institute of Technology in Sweden have proposed a new device concept that can efficiently transfer the information carried by electron spin to light at room temperature—a stepping stone toward future information technology. [39] Now writing in Light Science & Applications, Hamidreza Siampour and co-workers have taken a step forward in the field of integrated quantum plasmonics by demonstrating on-chip coupling between a single photon source and plasmonic waveguide. [38] Researchers at University of Utah Health developed a proof-of-concept technology using nanoparticles that could offer a new approach for oral medications. [37] Using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), extremely high resolution imaging of the molecule-covered surface structures of silver nanoparticles is possible, even down to the recognition of individual parts of the molecules protecting the surface. [36] A fiber optic sensing system developed by researchers in China and Canada can peer inside supercapacitors and batteries to observe their state of charge. [35] The idea of using a sound wave in optical fibers initially came from the team's partner researchers at Bar-Ilan University in Israel. Joint research projects should follow. [34] Researchers at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology have constructed a first-of-its-kind optic isolator based on resonance of light waves on a rapidly rotating glass sphere. [33] The micro-resonator is a two-mirror trap for the light, with the mirrors facing each other within several hundred nanometers. [32]
Category: Condensed Matter

[21] viXra:1811.0028 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-03 03:35:09

Precise Diode Laser Measurements

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 73 Pages.

This makes their device a useful replacement for the more complex and expensive single-frequency lasers, enabling the creation of compact chemical analyzers that can fit into smartphones, cheap lidars for self-driving cars, as well as security and structural health monitoring systems on bridges, gas pipelines and elsewhere. [44] Printed electronics use standard printing techniques to manufacture electronic devices on different substrates like glass, plastic films, and paper. [43] A tiny laser comprising an array of nanoscale semiconductor cylinders (see image) has been made by an all-A*STAR team. [42] A new instrument lets researchers use multiple laser beams and a microscope to trap and move cells and then analyze them in real-time with a sensitive analysis technique known as Raman spectroscopy. [41] All systems are go for launch in November of NASA's Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) mission, which will use high-resolution laser ranging to study Earth's forests and topography from the International Space Station (ISS). [40] Scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI) in Berlin combined state-of-the-art experiments and numerical simulations to test a fundamental assumption underlying strong-field physics. [39] Femtosecond lasers are capable of processing any solid material with high quality and high precision using their ultrafast and ultra-intense characteristics. [38] To create the flying microlaser, the researchers launched laser light into a water-filled hollow core fiber to optically trap the microparticle. Like the materials used to make traditional lasers, the microparticle incorporates a gain medium. [37] Lasers that emit ultrashort pulses of light are critical components of technologies, including communications and industrial processing, and have been central to fundamental Nobel Prize-winning research in physics. [36] A newly developed laser technology has enabled physicists in the Laboratory for Attosecond Physics (jointly run by LMU Munich and the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics) to generate attosecond bursts of high-energy photons of unprecedented intensity. [35]
Category: Quantum Physics

[20] viXra:1811.0025 [pdf] replaced on 2023-01-07 02:22:43

Estimation and Prediction of Neutrino Mass Based on the Kinetic Theory of Gases

Authors: Hejie Lin, Tsung-Wu Lin
Comments: Pages.

Neutrinos and molecules co-exist in space. Because both have physical properties of mass and speed, it is a logical assumption that neutrinos can interact with molecules according to the kinetic theory of gases. If neutrinos interact with gases such as nitrogen and oxygen, the mass of neutrino can be estimated using the kinetic theory of gases. According to the kinetic theory of gases, the estimated mass range of neutrino is 0.025-0.042 [eV/c^2]. This estimated mass range of neutrino not only agrees with the KamLAND-Zen’s lowest upper limit of neutrino mass of 0.06-0.161 [eV/c^2], but also provides a smaller range of neutrino mass than any other previously reported values, to the authors’ best knowledge.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[19] viXra:1811.0024 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-01 07:53:31

Quantum Drum Noise Control

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 40 Pages.

Researchers at the Schliesser Lab at the Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, have demonstrated a new way to address a central problem in quantum physics: at the quantum scale, any measurement disturbs the measured object. [24] An answer to a quantum-physical question provided by the algorithm Melvin has uncovered a hidden link between quantum experiments and the mathematical field of Graph Theory. [23] Engineers develop key mathematical formula for driving quantum experiments. [22] Physicists are developing quantum simulators, to help solve problems that are beyond the reach of conventional computers. [21] Engineers at Australia's University of New South Wales have invented a radical new architecture for quantum computing, based on novel 'flip-flop qubits', that promises to make the large-scale manufacture of quantum chips dramatically cheaper-and easier-than thought possible. [20] A team of researchers from the U.S. and Italy has built a quantum memory device that is approximately 1000 times smaller than similar devices— small enough to install on a chip. [19] The cutting edge of data storage research is working at the level of individual atoms and molecules, representing the ultimate limit of technological miniaturisation. [18] This is an important clue for our theoretical understanding of optically controlled magnetic data storage media. [17] A crystalline material that changes shape in response to light could form the heart of novel light-activated devices. [16] Now a team of Penn State electrical engineers have a way to simultaneously control diverse optical properties of dielectric waveguides by using a two-layer coating, each layer with a near zero thickness and weight. [15] Just like in normal road traffic, crossings are indispensable in optical signal processing. In order to avoid collisions, a clear traffic rule is required. A new method has now been developed at TU Wien to provide such a rule for light signals. [14]
Category: Quantum Physics

[18] viXra:1811.0023 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-01 08:29:32

Machine Learning Particle at LHC

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 68 Pages.

Compared with the previous method of data pre-processing, the new machine-learning-based method has quadrupled quality metrics for the identification of particles on the calorimeter. [39] From the data collected by the LHCb detector at the Large Hadron Collider, it appears that the particles known as charm mesons and their antimatter counterparts are not produced in perfectly equal proportions. [38] The OPERA experiment, located at the Gran Sasso Laboratory of the Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), was designed to conclusively prove that muon-neutrinos can convert to tau-neutrinos, through a process called neutrino oscillation, whose discovery was awarded the 2015 Nobel Physics Prize. [37] The Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum Experiment (PROSPECT) has completed the installation of a novel antineutrino detector that will probe the possible existence of a new form of matter. [36] The MINERvA collaboration analyzed data from the interactions of an antineutrino— the antimatter partner of a neutrino—with a nucleus. [35] The inclusion of short-range interactions in models of neutrinoless double-beta decay could impact the interpretation of experimental searches for the elusive decay. [34] The occasional decay of neutrons into dark matter particles could solve a long-standing discrepancy in neutron decay experiments. [33] The U.S. Department of Energy has approved funding and start of construction for the SuperCDMS SNOLAB experiment, which will begin operations in the early 2020s to hunt for hypothetical dark matter particles called weakly interacting massive particles, or WIMPs. [32] Thanks to low-noise superconducting quantum amplifiers invented at the University of California, Berkeley, physicists are now embarking on the most sensitive search yet for axions, one of today's top candidates for dark matter. [31]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[17] viXra:1811.0022 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-01 08:48:56

Key Factors of Superconductivity

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 22 Pages.

University report two important advances: They measured collective vibrations of electrons for the first time and showed how collective interactions of the electrons with other factors appear to boost superconductivity. [35] At the Joint Quantum Institute (JQI), a group, led by Jimmy Williams, is working to develop new circuitry that could host such exotic states. [34] The effect appears in compounds of lanthanum and hydrogen squeezed to extremely high pressures. [33] University of Wisconsin-Madison engineers have added a new dimension to our understanding of why straining a particular group of materials, called Ruddlesden-Popper oxides, tampers with their superconducting properties. [32] Nuclear techniques have played an important role in determining the crystal structure of a rare type of intermetallic alloy that exhibits superconductivity. [31] A potential new state of matter is being reported in the journal Nature, with research showing that among superconducting materials in high magnetic fields, the phenomenon of electronic symmetry breaking is common. [30] Researchers from the University of Geneva (UNIGE) in Switzerland and the Technical University Munich in Germany have lifted the veil on the electronic characteristics of high-temperature superconductors. Their research, published in Nature Communications, shows that the electronic densities measured in these superconductors are a combination of two separate effects. As a result, they propose a new model that suggests the existence of two coexisting states rather than competing ones postulated for the past thirty years, a small revolution in the world of superconductivity. [29] A team led by scientists at the Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory combined powerful magnetic pulses with some of the brightest X-rays on the planet to discover a surprising 3-D arrangement of a material's electrons that appears closely linked to a mysterious phenomenon known as high-temperature superconductivity. [28] Advanced x-ray technique reveals surprising quantum excitations that persist through materials with or without superconductivity. [27] This paper explains the magnetic effect of the superconductive current from the observed effects of the accelerating electrons, causing naturally the experienced changes of the electric field potential along the electric wire. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the wave particle duality and the electron's spin also, building the bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The changing acceleration of the electrons explains the created negative electric field of the magnetic induction, the Higgs Field, the changing Relativistic Mass and the Gravitational Force, giving a Unified Theory of the physical forces. Taking into account the Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators also, we can explain the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions. Since the superconductivity is basically a quantum mechanical phenomenon and some entangled particles give this opportunity to specific matters, like Cooper Pairs or other entanglements, as strongly correlated materials and Exciton-mediated electron pairing, we can say that the secret of superconductivity is the quantum entanglement.
Category: Quantum Physics

[16] viXra:1811.0021 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-01 09:28:13

Microworld_42. Unsolved Problems of Physics_ 2

Authors: N.N.Leonov
Comments: 20 Pages. English and russian texts

This paper offers solutions to a number of outstanding physical problems found with the methods of the theory of non-linear oscillations (TNO). Nuclei of stable atoms feature stable statically equilibrium configurations of their nucleons. A nucleus magnetic field consists of separate nucleonic magnetic clusters. A stable nucleus charge number Z is equal to the number of nucleonic magnetic clusters of the nucleus. Electrons of a stable non-excited atom are located on axial lines of nucleonic magnetic clusters of the nucleus and form a statically equilibrium system. “Electron shell” of a non-excited atom can take various forms depending on ambient temperature. There has been the structure of photon identified and the structure and form of stable existence of excited atom described. There have been causes for probabilistic description of an excited atom lifetime determined and the nature of cosmic radiation disclosed along with the reasons for the impossibility of identifying its sources.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[15] viXra:1811.0020 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-01 10:35:55

New Axioms in the Set Theory

Authors: Antoine Balan
Comments: 2 pages, written in english

We propose three new axioms in set theory, axiomatising the measure theory of the Hilbert spaces.
Category: Set Theory and Logic

[14] viXra:1811.0019 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-01 11:11:19

Topological Insulator and Superconductor

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 57 Pages.

"This is the first time that the exact same material can be tuned either to a topological insulator or to a superconductor," says Pablo Jarillo-Herrero, the Cecil and Ida Green Professor of Physics at MIT. [34] For the first time, a group of researchers from Universidad Complutense de Madrid, IBM, ETH Zurich, MIT and Harvard University have observed topological phases of matter of quantum states under the action of temperature or certain types of experimental imperfections. [33] With their insensitivity to decoherence, Majorana particles could become stable building blocks of quantum computers. [32] A team of researchers at the University of Maryland has found a new way to route photons at the micrometer scale without scattering by building a topological quantum optics interface. [31] Researchers at the University of Bristol's Quantum Engineering Technology Labs have demonstrated a new type of silicon chip that can help building and testing quantum computers and could find their way into your mobile phone to secure information. [30] Theoretical physicists propose to use negative interference to control heat flow in quantum devices. [29] Particle physicists are studying ways to harness the power of the quantum realm to further their research. [28]
Category: Quantum Physics

[13] viXra:1811.0017 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-01 12:03:50

Irrational Numbers and Density

Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 2 Pages.

a brief exposition on quantifying irrational density within the reals - and - attempt to categorize groups of irrationals
Category: Number Theory

[12] viXra:1811.0016 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-01 12:17:02

Riemann’s Hypothesis and Stieltjes’ Conjecture

Authors: Clemens Kroll
Comments: 6 Pages.

It is shown that Riemann’s hypothesis is true by showing that an equivalent statement is true. Even more, it is shown that Stieltjes’ conjecture is true.
Category: Number Theory

[11] viXra:1811.0015 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-01 13:19:13

New Pathway to Quantum Computer

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 65 Pages.

Scientists in Australia have for the first time demonstrated the protection of correlated states between paired photons—packets of light energy—using the intriguing physical concept of topology. [40] A team of scientists, led by Professor Winfried Hensinger at the University of Sussex, have made a major breakthrough concerning one of the biggest problems facing quantum computing: how to reduce the disruptive effects of environmental "noise" on the highly sensitive function of a large-scale quantum computer. [39] Watch a movie backwards and you'll likely get confused—but a quantum computer wouldn't. [38] Calculations of a quantum system's behavior can spiral out of control when they involve more than a handful of particles. [37] Researchers from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill have reached a new milestone on the way to optical computing, or the use of light instead of electricity for computing. [36] The key technical novelty of this work is the creation of semantic embeddings out of structured event data. [35] The researchers have focussed on a complex quantum property known as entanglement, which is a vital ingredient in the quest to protect sensitive data. [34] Cryptography is a science of data encryption providing its confidentiality and integrity. [33] Researchers at the University of Sheffield have solved a key puzzle in quantum physics that could help to make data transfer totally secure. [32] "The realization of such all-optical single-photon devices will be a large step towards deterministic multi-mode entanglement generation as well as high-fidelity photonic quantum gates that are crucial for all-optical quantum information processing," says Tanji-Suzuki. [31]
Category: Quantum Physics

[10] viXra:1811.0014 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-01 15:17:06

Aethereal Device of the World.

Authors: Akovantsev Pyotr Ivanovich
Comments: 172 Pages.

In article the description of a peace arrangement by means of one sushchnosti-Efira is explained. The ideas of structures of an electron and a proton allowing to explain an atom electroneutrality, to understand the nature of a charge, electrostatic and electromagnetic interactions are given. Ideas of the gravitation nature are given. The nature of emergence of centrifugal force is described. Descriptions of experiments which carrying out, will show existence of Air around us are given. Idea of formation of elements of the table of Mendeleyev is given, interactions at the level of atoms and molecules are shown. At the cosmological level stages of development of the Universe are shown. I operate not with symbols, but images and I don't attract mathematics to the proof of the conclusions. I attract an experiment and observations of astronomy and astrophysics to the proof. On my concepts the nature of force is put in driving of Air. Svetoefirodinamika is the cornerstone of all natural phenomena. In the Universe there is only one process of transition of Air TO THE PUBLIC. All phenomena in the Nature are intended for ensuring this process or are a consequence of this process. I have exact answers and the true beliefs concerning different things, and I am absolutely confident in it.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[9] viXra:1811.0013 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-01 16:39:51

Earth Axial Tilt

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 9 Pages.

Earth axial tilt 23.4 degrees effects on many other solar planets in addition to the Earth, Which proves that, The solar group is one body (or one machine), each planet should be considered as a member in this same body where all solar planets are created from the same energy.
Category: Astrophysics

[8] viXra:1811.0012 [pdf] replaced on 2019-01-05 19:39:10

Cellular Automaton Graphics(4)

Authors: Morio Kikuchi
Comments: 81 Pages.

Developping a regular polyhedron on a plane, setting discrete coordinates on the development and applying a boundary condition of regular polyhedron to it, we realize a symmetrical graphics.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[7] viXra:1811.0010 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-01 21:06:55

On The Origin of Physical States

Authors: Wei Xu
Comments: 9 Pages. This historic artical was wrriten in 2015.

For the first time in mankind history, all properties of elementary particles are uncovered and described concisely and systematically.

Aligning with the synthesis of the virtual and physical worlds in a hierarchical taxonomy of the universe, this theory refines the topology framework of universe, and presents a new perspective of the Yin Yang natural laws that, through the processes of creation and reproduction, the fundamental elements generate an infinite series of circular objects and a Yin Yang duality of dynamic fields that are sequenced and transformed states of matter between the virtual and physical worlds.

Once virtual objects are transformed, they embody various enclaves of energy states, known as dark energy, quarks, leptons, bosons, protons, and neutrons, characterized by their incentive oscillations of timestate variables in a duality of virtual realities: energy and time, spin and charge, mass and space, symmetry and asymmetry. 

As a consequence, it derives the fully-scaled quantum properties of physical particles in accordance with numerous historical experiments, and has overcome the limitations of Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle and the Standard Model, towards concisely exploring physical nature and beyond...


Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[6] viXra:1811.0007 [pdf] replaced on 2018-11-28 05:50:55

Apparent Contraction and Expansion of Space Relative to Absolutely Moving Observer - New Explanation of the Phenomena of Stellar Aberration, Doppler Effect and Mercury Anomalous Perihelion Advance

Authors: Henok Tadesse
Comments: 58 Pages.

Could Albert Einstein be wrong about absolute motion, absolute time and gravity but right about space contraction and the speed of light? Perhaps the great theoretical physicist is not completely wrong. In this paper, a new law of transformation of reference frames for an absolutely moving observer is proposed. We may call this Apparent Source Theory( AST ). With this transformation, the space in front of an absolutely moving observer apparently contracts whereas the space behind an absolutely moving observer expands. Profoundly, AST changes current understanding of the phenomenon of stellar aberration. Stellar aberration occurs because of compression (or expansion ) of space in front of ( behind ) an absolutely moving observer. The apparent change in position of the star is not in the direction of observer’s absolute velocity, as is universally thought, but in the opposite direction! Mercury’s anomalous perihelion advance can be explained by expansion of space as seen by the Sun and as seen by Mercury. AST also provides physical explanation for a new theory already proposed by this author: Exponential Doppler Effect of light: f ' = f eV/c ,λ ' = λ e-V/c. This agrees with the constancy of the phase velocity of light: f 'λ' = f λ= c and can explain the Ives-Stilwell experiment. Not only frequency but also wavelength changes for an absolutely moving observer and the change in wave length for a moving observer can only be explained by apparent expansion or contraction of space as seen by an absolutely moving observer. AST has differences from and similarities to Special Relativity Theory ( SRT ) and/or Lorentz Contraction ( LC ) as follows:1. AST postulates that the phase velocity of light in vacuum is constant c irrespective of source, observer or mirror velocity, but the group velocity of light varies with observer or mirror velocity but is independent of source velocity 2. AST postulates absolute time 3. According to AST, absolute motion exists, but the ether doesn't exist as we know it 4. According to AST, space apparently contracts in front of an absolutely moving observer and expands behind him/her, only as seen by the absolutely moving observer, whereas space (or length ) only contracts, both in the forward and backward directions, as seen by the 'stationary' observer, in SRT and LC. In AST, space contraction is applied only when objects are considered as sources ( sources of light, EM waves, electrostatic fields, gravity ). In Apparent Source Theory, it is assumed that only the position of the light source will apparently change relative to the detector/observer but the mirrors, the beam splitter and all other parts of the apparatus will be assumed to be at their actual/physical positions in the analysis of the experiment. 5. In AST, it is space itself that contracts or expands relative to a moving observer regarding the position of sources 6. AST gives a new law of transformation of space, which is different from Lorentz transformations. 7. In AST, the observer is the light detecting device or the human directly detecting the light and light speed experiments should always be analyzed from the perspective of the inertial observer. More precisely, the observer is the atom detecting the light. According to Apparent Source Theory, the effect of absolute motion of the Michelson-Morley experiment is to create an apparent change in position of the light source as seen by ( relative to ) the observer/detector.The resulting fringe shift is the same as if the source was actually /physically moved to the same position. Intuitively, we can guess that actually changing the source position will not result in significant fringe shift or gives only small fringe shift. Apparent Source Theory not only accounted for the 'null' fringe shift of the Michelson-Morley experiment, but also for the small fringe shifts observed such as in the original Michelson experiment of 1881 and the Miller experiments. It explains many other light speed experiments, including the Sagnac effect, the Marinov experiment, the Silvertooth experiment, the Bryan G Wallace experiment, the Roland De Witte and other experiments.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[5] viXra:1811.0006 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-02 03:24:45

Derivation of Schwarschild Metric from Kepler's Third law

Authors: Amit Kumar Jha
Comments: 11 Pages.

In this paper I am deriving Schwarschild Metric by using Kepler's Law ( T cube ) without using any complexity of General Relativity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[4] viXra:1811.0005 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-02 04:20:13

Polarization States as Hidden Variables?

Authors: Jean Louis Van Belle
Comments: 6 Pages.

This paper explores a possible physical interpretation of the wavefunction by examining if it can be used to provide a hidden-variable theory for explaining quantum-mechanical interference. The hidden variable is the polarization state of the photon. The outcome is as expected: the theory does not work. Hence, this paper clearly shows the limits of such physical interpretations.
Category: Quantum Physics

[3] viXra:1811.0004 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-02 04:32:35

Astronomical Climate Theory from the Point of Vortical Physics

Authors: Edgars Alksnis
Comments: 17 Pages.

Astronomical climate theory is important for sustainable development of civilisation. Enthusiasm of interested scientists has kept theory idea alive during decades of doubt. However, here is danger coming from exaggerated role of mathematics. We can find physics behind the mathematics with introduction of vortical celestial mechanics and vortical thermodynamics as basis of astronomical climate theory. Three levels of astronomical climate theory- that of Croll/ Milankovitch/Berger, that of Blizard/Landscheidt/Charvátová and galactic level are discussed here in brief from the point of DesCartes celestial mechanics and long-range cosmic influences phenomena.
Category: Climate Research

[2] viXra:1811.0002 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-02 05:48:57

Big Bang Energy out of Nothing, or a Compressed Rigid String Nucleus

Authors: Leo Vuyk
Comments: 16 Pages.

Quantum FFF ( Function Follows Form) theory is a Rigid String Theory which states, that all attraction forces are subjected to a dual repulsion process between the dark energy of the oscillating Axion Higgs string vacuum lattice and less repulsion force of graviton strings or monopole photon strings ( electric- magnetic) radiated by fermionic matter. Black hole nuclei are assumed to be rigid stringy quantum knots highly compressed by the external attack of the oscillating vacuum particles, which mostly are added to the outside of the growing nucleus depending on the pressure difference between the vacuum and the internal black hole quantum knot. As a consequence most black holes are growing by consuming vacuum strings and also by merging with other black holes of different sizes. Black hole with equal sizes do not merge, but are supposed to pair up to a certain distance after which they recede from each other to become a Herbig Haro system with star formation in the middle . The giant central black holes often present inside galaxies are also supposed to merge with other black holes to grow in size. As the ultimate consequence, however, the universe will contract into a Big Crunch, (BC) by the growing black holes which constantly consume the vacuum lattice around us. However the vacuum pressure at the BC nucleus will decrease in time and become in balance with the growing internal rigid string pressure between the rigid strings inside the BC nucleus, which is the moment of the start of the big bang into chunks of smaller black hole nuclei evaporating also gradually into a surrounding oscillating vacuum lattice. As a consequence we seem to live inside one of the super symmetric “material” bubble universe created by the explosion of a black hole.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[1] viXra:1811.0001 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-01 03:44:46

Environmental Effects on Quantum Computer

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 62 Pages.

A team of scientists, led by Professor Winfried Hensinger at the University of Sussex, have made a major breakthrough concerning one of the biggest problems facing quantum computing: how to reduce the disruptive effects of environmental "noise" on the highly sensitive function of a large-scale quantum computer. [39] Watch a movie backwards and you'll likely get confused—but a quantum computer wouldn't. [38] Calculations of a quantum system's behavior can spiral out of control when they involve more than a handful of particles. [37] Researchers from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill have reached a new milestone on the way to optical computing, or the use of light instead of electricity for computing. [36] The key technical novelty of this work is the creation of semantic embeddings out of structured event data. [35] The researchers have focussed on a complex quantum property known as entanglement, which is a vital ingredient in the quest to protect sensitive data. [34] Cryptography is a science of data encryption providing its confidentiality and integrity. [33] Researchers at the University of Sheffield have solved a key puzzle in quantum physics that could help to make data transfer totally secure. [32] "The realization of such all-optical single-photon devices will be a large step towards deterministic multi-mode entanglement generation as well as high-fidelity photonic quantum gates that are crucial for all-optical quantum information processing," says Tanji-Suzuki. [31] Researchers at ETH have now used attosecond laser pulses to measure the time evolution of this effect in molecules. [30]
Category: Quantum Physics