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1806 Submissions

[395] viXra:1806.0472 [pdf] replaced on 2019-02-26 06:26:55

Paths in the Universe

Authors: Timoteo Briet Blanes
Comments: 37 Pages.

If you want to explain how the Universe works, it is necessary to know how the clusters of matter that originate the galaxies and the clusters of galaxies that originate the large-scale geometry of the Universe are formed. On the other hand, it is also necessary to know the mechanisms by which galaxies evolve and interact among them, and also, what the process for mater aggregation are. Finally, it is also necessary, therefore, an explanation of dark matter in terms of properties and not its composition, since it is a majority part of the matter of the Universe. A series of mechanisms and numerical models are established, which explain all this. This Article serie called “PATHS IN THE UNIVERSE”, have 3 titles: - Matter dynamic in the Universe. - New models about Expansion of the Universe. - Navier Stokes equations in the Universe.
Category: Astrophysics

[394] viXra:1806.0471 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-30 06:53:27

Hybrid Catalyst Split Water

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 57 Pages.

Researchers from the University of Houston and the California Institute of Technology have reported an inexpensive hybrid catalyst capable of splitting water to produce hydrogen, suitable for large-scale commercialization. [35] Scientists at the University of Alberta have applied a machine learning technique using artificial intelligence to perfect and automate atomic-scale manufacturing, something which has never been done before. [34] Chemist Dr. Lars Borchardt and his team at TU Dresden recently achieved a huge breakthrough in the synthesis of nanographenes. [33] Using graphene as a light-sensitive material for light detectors offers significant improvements with respect to materials being used nowadays. [32] The precision of measuring nanoscopic structures could be substantially improved, thanks to research involving the University of Warwick and QuantIC researchers at the University of Glasgow and Heriot Watt University into optical sensing. [31] Researchers at AMOLF and the University of Texas have circumvented this problem with a vibrating glass ring that interacts with light. They thus created a microscale circulator that directionally routes light on an optical chip without using magnets. [30] Researchers have discovered three distinct variants of magnetic domain walls in the helimagnet iron germanium (FeGe). [29] Magnetic materials that form helical structures—coiled shapes comparable to a spiral staircase or the double helix strands of a DNA molecule—occasionally exhibit exotic behavior that could improve information processing in hard drives and other digital devices. [28] In a new study, researchers have designed "invisible" magnetic sensors—sensors that are magnetically invisible so that they can still detect but do not distort the surrounding magnetic fields. [27]
Category: Condensed Matter

[393] viXra:1806.0470 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-30 08:17:27

Complex Organic Molecules

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 49 Pages.

Using mass spectrometry data from NASA's Cassini spacecraft, scientists found that large, carbon-rich organic molecules are ejected from cracks in the icy surface of Saturn's moon Enceladus. [30] Absorption of light energy by large molecules is what drives nature: photosynthesis, vision, the synthesis of vitamin D and many other critical processes use light energy to perform their functions. [29] A University of Central Florida team has designed a nanostructured optical sensor that for the first time can efficiently detect molecular chirality—a property of molecular spatial twist that defines its biochemical properties. [28] UCLA scientists and engineers have developed a new process for assembling semiconductor devices. [27] A new experiment that tests the limit of how large an object can be before it ceases to behave quantum mechanically has been proposed by physicists in the UK and India. [26] Phonons are discrete units of vibrational energy predicted by quantum mechanics that correspond to collective oscillations of atoms inside a molecule or a crystal. [25] This achievement is considered as an important landmark for the realization of practical application of photon upconversion technology. [24] Considerable interest in new single-photon detector technologies has been scaling in this past decade. [23] Engineers develop key mathematical formula for driving quantum experiments. [22] Physicists are developing quantum simulators, to help solve problems that are beyond the reach of conventional computers. [21] Engineers at Australia's University of New South Wales have invented a radical new architecture for quantum computing, based on novel 'flip-flop qubits', that promises to make the large-scale manufacture of quantum chips dramatically cheaper-and easier-than thought possible. [20]
Category: Physics of Biology

[392] viXra:1806.0469 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-30 08:46:37

On a Proposal of Superluminal Communication (Russian Version)

Authors: Gian Carlo Ghirardi, Raffaele Romano
Comments: 8 Pages. Russian translation by V.A. Kasimov from https://arxiv.org/pdf/1205.1416v1.pdf

Recently, various new proposals of superluminal transmission of information have appeared in the literature. Since they make systematic resort to recent formal and practical improvements in quantum mechanics, the old theorems proving the impossibility of such a performance must be adapted to the new scenario. In this paper we consider some of the most challenging proposals of this kind and we show why they cannot work.
Category: Quantum Physics

[391] viXra:1806.0468 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-30 08:50:29

The EPR Argument in a Relational Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics

Authors: Federico Laudisa
Comments: 13 Pages. Russian translation by V.A. Kasimov from https://arxiv.org/pdf/quant-ph/0011016v1.pdf

It is shown that in the Rovelli relational interpretation of quantum mechanics, in which the notion of absolute or observer independent state is rejected, the conclusion of the ordinary EPR argument turns out to be frame-dependent, provided the conditions of the original argument are suitably adapted to the new interpretation. The consequences of this result for the ‘peaceful coexistence’ of quantum mechanics and special relativity are briefly discussed.
Category: Quantum Physics

[390] viXra:1806.0467 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-30 09:35:47

Clifford Algebras :New Results

Authors: Jean Claude Dutailly
Comments: 28 Pages.

The purpose of the paper is to present new results (exponential, real structure, Cartan algebra,...) but, as the definitions are sill varying with the authors, the paper covers all the domain, and can be read as a comprehensive presentation of Clifford algebras.
Category: Algebra

[389] viXra:1806.0466 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-30 09:39:07

Great Unification Theory :A Solution

Authors: Jean Claude Dutailly
Comments: 94 Pages.

The paper presents a unified model representing the gravitational, electromagnetic, weak and strong fields, fermions and bosons, in the Geometry of General Relativity. It is based on a group belonging to the Clifford algebra Cl(C,4), acting on the algebra itself. It uses an original real structure on the Clifford algebra, accounting for the physical specificities of the geometry. An explicit expression of the group, its action and of the vector states and charges of the known fermions is given. Bosons are represented as discontinuities in the derivative of the potential of the force field. No additional dimension, physical object or exotic property are required. The model appears as the continuation and extension of the Spinor model of Mechanics which holds at any scale.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[388] viXra:1806.0465 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-30 11:33:35

An 8th HCE8S Flow Diagram Improving the Z(4430) Tetraquark Connection

Authors: George R. Briggs
Comments: 4 Pages.

Abstract: A forward-time, reverse-time energy cycle of the 8th cycle of an HCE8S universe for a full loop of the cycle is shown incorporating the Z(4430) tetraquark in an improved way
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[387] viXra:1806.0464 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-30 13:06:43

Np?=exp

Authors: Thinh D. Nguyen
Comments: 1 Page.

We only point out that the work of algorithmic algebra community is not enough, at least so far.
Category: Functions and Analysis

[386] viXra:1806.0463 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-30 16:33:02

The Language and Venue for True AI

Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 2 Pages.

expert systems, counter intuitively, is a venue for a solution for the problem of true AI
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[385] viXra:1806.0461 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-29 07:34:07

Nothingness: a Sketch

Authors: Alexander Balatsky
Comments: 19 Pages.

The paper claims that certain problems faced by both physical cosmology and quantum mechanics trace back to a misconception of the nature of nothingness. In addressing this challenge, the paper assumes that the physics and the mathematics of nothingness constitute an epistemic complementary pair that lies at the heart of the edifice of the universe. Given such insight, we are able not only to explain how some fundamental physics challenges might be met, but also to reveal that both inanimate matter and living beings are exactly parallel in their attempts to overcome chaos and maintain order.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[384] viXra:1806.0460 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-29 08:19:41

Calculus as an Example of Scientific Mathematics

Authors: Timothy W. Jones
Comments: 9 Pages.

We develop calculus from an experimental perspective. Using results from geometry and algebra, we generalize to other functions as a speculative act. Eventually formulas are created. This sequence reverses the usual hard things first approach of contemporary calculus text books.
Category: General Mathematics

[383] viXra:1806.0459 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-29 08:29:25

Quantum Gas Monopole

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 21 Pages.

Now, a team at JQI led by postdoctoral researcher Seiji Sugawa and JQI Fellow Ian Spielman have succeeded in emulating a Yang monopole with an ultracold gas of rubidium atoms. [13] Scientists at Amherst College (USA) and Aalto University (Finland) have made the first experimental observations of the dynamics of isolated monopoles in quantum matter. [12] Building on his own previous research, Amherst College professor David S. Hall '91 and a team of international collaborators have experimentally identified a pointlike monopole in a quantum field for the first time. The discovery, announced this week, gives scientists further insight into the elusive monopole magnet, an elementary particle that researchers believe exists but have not yet seen in nature. [11] For the first time, physicists have achieved interference between two separate atoms: when sent towards the opposite sides of a semi-transparent mirror, the two atoms always emerge together. This type of experiment, which was carried out with photons around thirty years ago, had so far been impossible to perform with matter, due to the extreme difficulty of creating and manipulating pairs of indistinguishable atoms. [10] The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the relativistic quantum theory. The asymmetric sides are creating different frequencies of electromagnetic radiations being in the same intensity level and compensating each other. One of these compensating ratios is the electron – proton mass ratio. The lower energy side has no compensating intensity level, it is the dark energy and the corresponding matter is the dark matter.
Category: Quantum Physics

[382] viXra:1806.0458 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-29 08:39:31

The Standard Model Hadrons Quark Confinement and Photons

Authors: Claude Michael Cassano
Comments: 9 Pages.

An examination of fermion interactions, hadrons, hadron interactions, and hadron decay processes are analyzed via E/B field S_sub_R matrix architecture.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[381] viXra:1806.0455 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-29 09:45:59

Demonstrating the Necessary Existence of the Higgs Family of Bosons for Balanced Neutron to Proton, Electron and Neutrino Phase Transformation

Authors: Luke Kenneth Casson Leighton
Comments: 4 Pages.

Matching existing data (in this case what is known as "decay models") is a critical part of a new theory's viability. Up until this paper the Extended Rishon Model phase transforms (aka "decay models") for the neutron to proton, electron and neutrino have not properly matched. This paper therefore describes a breakthrough which sucessfully creates a sequence of phase transforms, that, in the process, require the existence of a family of Higgs Bosons (known in ERM terminology as ultra-proton and ultra-neutron). Importantly and paradoxically, energy (i.e. phases) are completely conserved during the creation (and destruction) of intermediary particles. Prior logical reasoning and deduction is thus invalidated.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[380] viXra:1806.0454 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-29 09:47:45

Photon Controlling Photons

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 50 Pages.

"The realization of such all-optical single-photon devices will be a large step towards deterministic multi-mode entanglement generation as well as high-fidelity photonic quantum gates that are crucial for all-optical quantum information processing," says Tanji-Suzuki. [31] Researchers at ETH have now used attosecond laser pulses to measure the time evolution of this effect in molecules. [30] A new benchmark quantum chemical calculation of C2, Si2, and their hydrides reveals a qualitative difference in the topologies of core electron orbitals of organic molecules and their silicon analogues. [29] A University of Central Florida team has designed a nanostructured optical sensor that for the first time can efficiently detect molecular chirality—a property of molecular spatial twist that defines its biochemical properties. [28] UCLA scientists and engineers have developed a new process for assembling semiconductor devices. [27] A new experiment that tests the limit of how large an object can be before it ceases to behave quantum mechanically has been proposed by physicists in the UK and India. [26] Phonons are discrete units of vibrational energy predicted by quantum mechanics that correspond to collective oscillations of atoms inside a molecule or a crystal. [25] This achievement is considered as an important landmark for the realization of practical application of photon upconversion technology. [24] Considerable interest in new single-photon detector technologies has been scaling in this past decade. [23] Engineers develop key mathematical formula for driving quantum experiments. [22] Physicists are developing quantum simulators, to help solve problems that are beyond the reach of conventional computers. [21]
Category: Quantum Physics

[379] viXra:1806.0452 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-29 10:54:19

Once Again About the Optical Precursor in Cold Atoms

Authors: V.A. Kuz`menko
Comments: 2 Pages.

The physical nature of the optical precursor is further explained as a consequence of the nonequivalence of forward and reversed processes in quantum physics.
Category: Quantum Physics

[378] viXra:1806.0451 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-29 11:52:56

On Using Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger Three-Particle States for Superluminal Communication (Russian Version)

Authors: Raymond W. Jensen
Comments: 20 Pages. Russian translation by V.A. Kasimov from http://vixra.org/pdf/1007.0044v1.pdf

Using a three-particle entangled system (triple), it is possible in principle to transmit signals faster than the speed of light from sender to receiver in the following manner: From an emitter, for every triple, particles 1 and 2 are sent to the receiver and 3 to the sender. The sender is given the choice of whether or not to measure polarization of particle 3. Meanwhile the receiver measures particle correlation vs. relative polarization angle for the polarizers of particles 1 and 2. The particle 1 and 2 correlation statistics depend on whether or not particle 3 polarization was measured, instantaneously. This dependence is a basis for faster-than-light communication.
Category: Condensed Matter

[377] viXra:1806.0448 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-30 03:02:32

Higgs Boson and Superconductivity

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 25 Pages.

This common oscillation of the Cooper pairs corresponds to the Higgs boson discovered by CERN’s CMS and ATLAS experiments in 2012. [34] A team of scientists has detected a hidden state of electronic order in a layered material containing lanthanum, barium, copper, and oxygen (LBCO). [33] Now in a new study, researchers have discovered the existence of a positive feedback loop that gratly enhances the superconductivity of cuprates and may shed light on the origins of high-temperature cuprate superconductivity— considered one of the most important open questions in physics. [33] Using ultracold atoms, researchers at Heidelberg University have found an exotic state of matter where the constituent particles pair up when limited to two dimensions. [32] Neutron diffraction at the Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering has clarified the absence of magnetic order and classified the superconductivity of a new next-generation of superconductors in a paper published in Europhysics Letters. [31] A potential new state of matter is being reported in the journal Nature, with research showing that among superconducting materials in high magnetic fields, the phenomenon of electronic symmetry breaking is common. [30] Researchers from the University of Geneva (UNIGE) in Switzerland and the Technical University Munich in Germany have lifted the veil on the electronic characteristics of high-temperature superconductors. Their research, published in Nature Communications, shows that the electronic densities measured in these superconductors are a combination of two separate effects. As a result, they propose a new model that suggests the existence of two coexisting states rather than competing ones postulated for the past thirty years, a small revolution in the world of superconductivity. [29] A team led by scientists at the Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory combined powerful magnetic pulses with some of the brightest X-rays on the planet to discover a surprising 3-D arrangement of a material's electrons that appears closely linked to a mysterious phenomenon known as high-temperature superconductivity. [28] Advanced x-ray technique reveals surprising quantum excitations that persist through materials with or without superconductivity. [27] This paper explains the magnetic effect of the superconductive current from the observed effects of the accelerating electrons, causing naturally the experienced changes of the electric field potential along the electric wire. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the wave particle duality and the electron's spin also, building the bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The changing acceleration of the electrons explains the created negative electric field of the magnetic induction, the Higgs Field, the changing Relativistic Mass and the Gravitational Force, giving a Unified Theory of the physical forces. Taking into account the Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators also, we can explain the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions. Since the superconductivity is basically a quantum mechanical phenomenon and some entangled particles give this opportunity to specific matters, like Cooper Pairs or other entanglements, as strongly correlated materials and Excitonmediated electron pairing, we can say that the secret of superconductivity is the quantum entanglement.
Category: Quantum Physics

[376] viXra:1806.0447 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-30 04:08:53

Nanofluidic Computing

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 28 Pages.

The idea of using a liquid medium for computing has been around for decades, and various approaches have been proposed. [20] Scientists at Forschungszentrum Jülich have now discovered another class of particle-like magnetic object that could take the development of data storage devices a significant step forward. [19] A team of researchers with members from IBM Research-Zurich and RWTH Aachen University has announced the development of a new PCM (phase change memory) design that offers miniaturized memory cell volume down to three nanometers. [18] Monatomic glassy antimony might be used as a new type of single-element phase change memory. [17] Physicists have designed a 3-D quantum memory that addresses the tradeoff between achieving long storage times and fast readout times, while at the same time maintaining a compact form. [16] Quantum memories are devices that can store quantum information for a later time, which are usually implemented by storing and re-emitting photons with certain quantum states. [15] The researchers engineered diamond strings that can be tuned to quiet a qubit's environment and improve memory from tens to several hundred nanoseconds, enough time to do many operations on a quantum chip. [14] Intel has announced the design and fabrication of a 49-qubit superconducting quantum-processor chip at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas. To improve our understanding of the so-called quantum properties of materials, scientists at the TU Delft investigated thin slices of SrIrO3, a material that belongs to the family of complex oxides. [12] New research carried out by CQT researchers suggest that standard protocols that measure the dimensions of quantum systems may return incorrect numbers. [11] Is entanglement really necessary for describing the physical world, or is it possible to have some post-quantum theory without entanglement? [10] A trio of scientists who defied Einstein by proving the nonlocal nature of quantum entanglement will be honoured with the John Stewart Bell Prize from the University of Toronto (U of T). [9] While physicists are continually looking for ways to unify the theory of relativity, which describes large-scale phenomena, with quantum theory, which describes small-scale phenomena, computer scientists are searching for technologies to build the quantum computer using Quantum Information. In August 2013, the achievement of "fully deterministic" quantum teleportation, using a hybrid technique, was reported. On 29 May 2014, scientists announced a reliable way of transferring data by quantum teleportation. Quantum teleportation of data had been done before but with highly unreliable methods. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to build the Quantum Computer with the help of Quantum Information.
Category: Digital Signal Processing

[375] viXra:1806.0446 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-30 05:03:04

Facial Recognition

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 45 Pages.

If a picture paints a thousand words, facial recognition paints two: It's biased. [25] While it is undeniable that AI has opened up a wealth of promising opportunities, it has also led to the emergence of a mindset that can be best described as "AI solutionism". [24] Intel's Gadi Singer believes his most important challenge is his latest: using artificial intelligence (AI) to reshape scientific exploration. [23] Artificial intelligence is astonishing in its potential. It will be more transformative than the PC and the Internet. Already it is poised to solve some of our biggest challenges. [22] In the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI), we've often looked for signs of intelligence, technology and communication that are similar to our own. [21] Call it an aMAZE -ing development: A U.K.-based team of researchers has developed an artificial intelligence program that can learn to take shortcuts through a labyrinth to reach its goal. In the process, the program developed structures akin to those in the human brain. [20] And as will be presented today at the 25th annual meeting of the Cognitive Neuroscience networks to enhance their understanding of one of the most elusive intelligence systems, the human brain. [19] U.S. Army Research Laboratory scientists have discovered a way to leverage emerging brain-like computer architectures for an age-old number-theoretic problem known as integer factorization. [18] have come up with a novel machine learning method that enables scientists to derive insights from systems of previously intractable complexity in record time. [17] Quantum computers can be made to utilize effects such as quantum coherence and entanglement to accelerate machine learning. [16] Neural networks learn how to carry out certain tasks by analyzing large amounts of data displayed to them. [15]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[374] viXra:1806.0445 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-28 09:04:20

Preliminary Separation, Purification and Determination of Flavonoids in Aurea Helianthus

Authors: Ri Hyon Il1, Kim Ryu Song2, Kang Myong Su2, Yang Jong Hyok 1, Kim Yu Il1
Comments: 10 Pages.

Abstract :The extraction, separation and purification of flavonoids from Aurea Helianthus were performed using various organic solvents and gradient elution methods. Ultraviolet spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to analyze flavonoids. Results:UV-Vis spectrophotometer UV 2450 (SHIMADZU) was used to preliminarily identify the content of flavonoids in the extracts of Aurea Helianthus, flavonoid content in the ethyl acetate extract was the highest ,48.3±0.3%.There was a good linear relationship between 0.004 and 0.024 mg/ml (R2 = 0.998).Ethyl acetate extract was used as the test object for high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis.In the linear range 10.0-240μg,good precision and reproducibility, stable within 6 hours.The average recoveries of quercetin,Hyperoside, and rutin were 105.32%, 102.25%, and 103.14%.The content of rutin in the gradient elution (EtOAc:MeOH=4:1) was 42.8±0.3%, and the content of hyperin and quercetin in the gradient elution (EtOAc) were 51.2±0.4% and 12.5 ±0.3%. The gradient effluent (EtOAc:MeOH=4:1, EtOAc) had a total flavonoid content of 84.2±0.8% and 75.3±0.9%.Conclusion:Conclusion: This method is simple, rapid, and highly sensitive.It can be used to extract, isolate, purify and determine the content of flavonoids in Aurea Helianthus.
Category: Chemistry

[373] viXra:1806.0444 [pdf] replaced on 2018-07-01 07:28:05

The Optimization Principle for the Riemann Hypothesis

Authors: Hassine Saidane
Comments: 8 Pages.

Abstract. Based on the observation that several physical, biological and social processes seem to be optimizing an objective function such as an action or a utility, the Central Principle of Science was deemed to be Optimization. Indeed, optimization proved to be an efficient tool for uncovering several scientific laws and proving some scientific theories. In this paper, we use this paradigm to identify the location of the nontrivial zeros of the Riemann Zeta function (RZF). This approach enabled the formulation of this problem as a constrained optimization problem where a simple objective function referred to here as the “Push-Pull Action” is maximized. The solution of the resulting constrained nonlinear optimization problem proved that nontrivial zeros of RZF are located on the critical line. In addition to proving the Riemann Hypothesis, this approach unveiled a plausible law of “Maximum Action of Push-Pull” that seems to be driving RZF to its equilibrium states at the different heights where it reaches its nontrivial zeros. We also show that this law applies to functions exhibiting the same properties as RZF. Keywords: Zeta function, Riemann Hypothesis, Constrained Optimization
Category: Functions and Analysis

[372] viXra:1806.0443 [pdf] replaced on 2019-08-31 12:36:58

The Black Hole With A Finite-Size Nucleus Based On The Energy Conservation, Coulomb's Interaction, And Strong Interaction

Authors: Ting-Hang Pei
Comments: 9 Pages.

From analysis of the light geodesic along the radial direction, an infinite time for light passing through the event horizon of the black hole seems to be an unreasonable physical solution. The same situation is also for the massive particle. To compress all particles to a singularity also causes another energy conservation problem because the black hole is evolutional from a star which has finite mass or energy. A discussed case about shrinking 2x10^30 Coulomb electrons into a sphere with the radius less than 1 m is theoretically impossible and it also reveals that the singularity in the black hole is physically unreasonable due to finite energy in the universe. From the viewpoint of the gravitation self-energy, we also deduce that the black hole must have a finite-size nucleus. Then the black hole with finite-size nucleus is proposed and satisfies the gravitational criteria of the black hole. According to the successful theorem of the asymptotic freedom in the strong interaction, several possible structure models are considered in the high-density quark matter phases. Next, using the Kerr-Newman metric, light propagating along the radial direction demonstrates finite speed forwardly and backwardly at any position larger than the Schwarzschild radius, and no mathematical singularity at r=0 and θ=π/2. This fact reveals that light can propagate from the outer space into a black hole and vice versa. The proposed structure model for the black hole is either rotational or charged and its nucleus can have strong magnetic dipole that causes the relativistically charged mass ejection from the black hole as the observation in GRS 1915+105 and Galaxy M87. In thermal equilibrium, the nucleus of the black hole should have temperature higher than the average universe temperature. The entropy increases and the second law of thermodynamics should be still useful.
Category: Astrophysics

[371] viXra:1806.0442 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-28 12:52:15

Rovelli's World

Authors: Bas C. van Fraassen
Comments: 26 Pages. Russian translation by V.A. Kasimov from Rovelli's World * Bas C. van Fraassen forthcoming in Foundations of Physics 2009 http://www.princeton.edu/~fraassen/abstract/Rovelli_sWorld-FIN.pdf

Carlo Rovelli’s inspiring “Relational Quantum Mechanics” serves several aims at once: it provides a new vision of what the world of quantum mechanics is like, and it offers a program to derive the theory’s formalism from a set of simple postulates pertaining to information processing. I propose here to concentrate entirely on the former, to explore the world of quantum mechanics as Rovelli depicts it. It is a fascinating world in part because of Rovelli’s reliance on the information-theory approach to the foundations of quantum mechanics, and in part because its presentation involves taking sides on a fundamental divide within philosophy itself.
Category: Quantum Physics

[370] viXra:1806.0441 [pdf] replaced on 2020-01-29 15:24:46

Gravitational Waves in Newton’s Gravitation and Criticism of Gravitational Waves Resulting from the General Theory of Relativity (Ligo)

Authors: Roman Szostek, Paweł Góralski, Kamil Szostek
Comments: 20 Pages. From the General Theory of Relativity do not result any gravitational waves, but just ordinary modulation of the gravitational field intensities caused by rotating of bodies.

The most important conclusion from this article is that from the General Theory of Relativity do not result any gravitational waves, but just ordinary modulation of the gravitational field intensities caused by rotating of bodies. If the LIGO team has measured anything, it is only this modulation, rather than the gravitational wave understood as the carrier of gravity. This discussion shows that using too complicated mathematics in physics leads to erroneous interpretation of results (in this case, perhaps the tensor analysis is guilty). Formally, various things can be calculated, but without knowing what such analysis means, they can be attributed misinterpreted. Since the modulation of gravitational field intensities has been called a gravitational wave in contemporary physics, we have also done so, although it is misleading. In the article it was shown, that from the Newton’s law of gravitation resulted an existence of gravitational waves very similar to these, which result from the General Theory of Relativity (GTR). The article shows differences between the course of gravitational waves that result from Newton’s gravitation, and the course of gravitational waves that result from the General Theory of Relativity, which measurement was announced by the LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory). According to both theories, gravitational waves are cyclical changes of the gravitational field intensities. The article proposes a method of testing a laser interferometer for gravitational wave measurement used in the LIGO Observatory. Criticism of results published by the LIGO team was also presented.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[369] viXra:1806.0440 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-28 15:06:46

The Variable Rate of Mass Loss Principle of Stellar Metamorphosis

Authors: Jeffrey Joseph Wolynski
Comments: 1 Page. 2 references

A new principle of stellar metamorphosis is introduced to clarify the star sciences even more period. Stars lose mass at variable rates throughout their metamorphosis.
Category: Astrophysics

[368] viXra:1806.0439 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-28 15:02:51

Critique of the Paper "A Note on Solid-State Maxwell Demon" by Germano D’Abramo

Authors: Zoltan Losonc
Comments: 11 Pages.

Since Dr. Sheehan has published his discovery of the solid-state Maxwell demon (SSMD) many people have attacked the concept, simply because it violates the 2nd law of thermodynamics, which they consider to be sacrosanct and inviolable. One of the opponents is Dr. D’Abramo who attempted to debunk the principle in several papers. His main objection against the principle of the device is that according to him no electrostatic field can exist within the vacuum gap of the SSMD in equilibrium. In the present paper we will refute his arguments that he presented in the quoted publication.
Category: Thermodynamics and Energy

[367] viXra:1806.0438 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-28 15:29:38

Black Holes in the Present Tense.

Authors: G.N.N.Martin
Comments: 7 Pages.

General relativity does not offer a meaning to ‘at the same time in a different place’. This paper examines what might be implied or inferred from the use of the present tense. I start by looking at Schwarzschild space to show that the oft made statement that “There is a singularity at the centre of a black hole” is misleading. I use this as a starting point for exploring the notion of a moment in time.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[366] viXra:1806.0435 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-29 01:48:40

Big Bang and Dark Matter

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 56 Pages.

At the Japanese Research Center for Particle Physics KEK, the new particle accelerator experiment Belle II started operation after eight years of construction. [30] Astrophysicists from the University of Surrey and the University of Edinburgh have created a new method to measure the amount of dark matter at the centre of tiny "dwarf" galaxies. [29] A research team of multiple institutes, including the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan and University of Tokyo, released an unprecedentedly wide and sharp dark matter map based on the newly obtained imaging data by Hyper Suprime-Cam on the Subaru Telescope. [28] A signal caused by the very first stars to form in the universe has been picked up by a tiny but highly specialised radio telescope in the remote Western Australian desert. [27] This week, scientists from around the world who gathered at the University of California, Los Angeles, at the Dark Matter 2018 Symposium learned of new results in the search for evidence of the elusive material in Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) by the DarkSide-50 detector. [26] If they exist, axions, among the candidates for dark matter particles, could interact with the matter comprising the universe, but at a much weaker extent than previously theorized. New, rigorous constraints on the properties of axions have been proposed by an international team of scientists. [25] The intensive, worldwide search for dark matter, the missing mass in the universe, has so far failed to find an abundance of dark, massive stars or scads of strange new weakly interacting particles, but a new candidate is slowly gaining followers and observational support. [24]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[365] viXra:1806.0434 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-29 01:53:10

Smart Technology Speed Limits

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 32 Pages.

Physicists at Chalmers University of Technology now understand why it is not possible to increase the speed beyond a certain limit—and know the circumstances in which it is best to opt for a different route. [19] Manipulating light in a variety of ways—shrinking its wavelength and allowing it to travel freely in one direction while stopping it cold in another—hyperbolic metamaterials have wide application in optical communications and as nanoparticle sensors. [18] A new way of enhancing the interactions between light and matter, developed by researchers at MIT and Israel's Technion, could someday lead to more efficient solar cells that collect a wider range of light wavelengths, and new kinds of lasers and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) that could have fully tunable color emissions. [17] A team of researchers at the Center for Relativistic Laser Science, within the Institute for Basic Science (IBS) have developed a method to measure the shape of laser pulses in ambient air. [16] Studying the fleeting actions of electrons in organic materials will now be much easier, thanks to a new method for generating fast X-rays. [15]
Category: Condensed Matter

[364] viXra:1806.0433 [pdf] replaced on 2020-06-15 18:51:31

A Potential Way to Unify Classical and Quantum Mechanics

Authors: Roberto Napolitano
Comments: 254 Pages. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/kd7by

In the present work, by moving from the assumption that the Sun (and all the massive bodies) produces, starting from a certain distance from it, attractive and repulsive gravitational forces at the same time, giving life to the movement of the planets around the Sun according to the same principle of pendulum, I managed to derive a perihelion precession formula, a black hole radius formula and, above all, a formula of atomic nuclear radius, which was missing until now, all in excellent agreement with the observation and in a completely independent way of the Einstein’s theory of relativity. I have also shown that the nuclear radius formula can also be successfully used to predict the radius of neutron stars. Moreover I have found — always through the same principles that allowed me to achieve the above results, in particular through the modification of the Newtonian gravitational potential, in turn due to the different modus-operandi of gravity force — a formula of the non-decreasing orbital velocity of galactic stars, without considering dark matter. Then I have demonstrated the black hole is composed only of protons, and that it’s similar to the nucleus of the atom and, analogously, the galaxy is similar to the atom, since the stars moving around the central nucleus in the same way as the electrons move around the atomic nucleus. I have also found another similitude among atomic nucleus, black hole and neutron stars, namely the self-orbiting phenomenon existing in all the cases. From the mathematical findings obtained in the present work it has also emerged the existence, both at the microscopic and the macroscopic level, of the gravito-electric force (or, if one prefers, electro-gravitational force), resulting from the fusion of the gravitational force with the electric one, working exactly in accordance with Newtonian mechanics, although modified by the introduction of a repulsive force in addition and in opposition to the attractive one, that makes us understand the universe works always in the same way, both at macroscopic and at microscopic scales. Furthermore, through the theory here proposed, it has been possible to find a theoretical foundation to the Planck constant, to derive the photon mass, as well as to prove the existence of the gravito-electric radiations. It is also emerged the existence of the universal principle of specific asymmetry between gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy, as a cause of nuclear energy E = Mc2. In this perspective, the present work can represent a potential unifying way between the macrocosm and microcosm mechanics.
Category: Astrophysics

[363] viXra:1806.0432 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-29 02:39:38

An Inquiry into the Possibility of Nonlocal Quantum Communication

Authors: John G. Cramer • Nick Herbert
Comments: 16 Pages. Russian translation by V.A. Kasimov from https://arxiv.org/pdf/1409.5098.pdf

The possibility of nonlocal quantum communication is considered. We investigate three gedankenexperiments that have variable entanglement: (1) a 4-detector polarization-entangled system, (2) a 4-detector path-entangled system, and (3) a 3-detector path-entangled system that uses an innovative optical mixer to combine photon paths. A new quantum paradox is reviewed in which the presence or absence of an interference pattern in a path-entangled two photon system, controlled by measurement choice, is a potential nonlocal signal. We show that for the cases considered, even when interference patterns can be switched off and on, there is always a “signal” interference pattern and an “anti-signal” interference pattern that mask any observable interference when they are added, even when entanglement and coherence are simultaneously present. This behavior can be attributed to what in the literature has been called “the complementarity of one- and two-particle interference”.
Category: Quantum Physics

[362] viXra:1806.0431 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-29 03:16:29

The Majority Rule and Combinatorial Geometry (Via the Symmetric Group)

Authors: Thinh Nguyen
Comments: 0 Pages.

The Marquis du Condorcet recognized 200 years ago that majority rule can produce intransitive group preferences if the domain of possible (transitive) individual preference orders is unrestricted. We present results on the cardinality and structure of those maximal sets of permutations for which majority rule produces transitive results (consistent sets). Consistent sets that contain a maximal chain in the Weak Bruhat Order inherit from it an upper semimodular sublattice structure. They are intrinsically related to a special class of hamiltonian graphs called persistent graphs. These graphs in turn have a clean geometric interpretation: they are precisely visibility graphs of staircase polygons. We highlight the main tools used to prove these connections and indicate possible social choice and computational research directions.
Category: General Mathematics

[361] viXra:1806.0430 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-29 03:36:32

Note on Mathematical Inequality.

Authors: Saikat sarkar
Comments: 3 Pages.

This artical has been prepared for basic inequality concept.
Category: Algebra

[360] viXra:1806.0429 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-29 04:49:44

Chiral Magnetic Phenomenon

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 26 Pages.

Scientists at Forschungszentrum Jülich have now discovered another class of particle-like magnetic object that could take the development of data storage devices a significant step forward. [19] A team of researchers with members from IBM Research-Zurich and RWTH Aachen University has announced the development of a new PCM (phase change memory) design that offers miniaturized memory cell volume down to three nanometers. [18] Monatomic glassy antimony might be used as a new type of single-element phase change memory. [17] Physicists have designed a 3-D quantum memory that addresses the tradeoff between achieving long storage times and fast readout times, while at the same time maintaining a compact form. [16] Quantum memories are devices that can store quantum information for a later time, which are usually implemented by storing and re-emitting photons with certain quantum states. [15] The researchers engineered diamond strings that can be tuned to quiet a qubit's environment and improve memory from tens to several hundred nanoseconds, enough time to do many operations on a quantum chip. [14] Intel has announced the design and fabrication of a 49-qubit superconducting quantum-processor chip at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas. To improve our understanding of the so-called quantum properties of materials, scientists at the TU Delft investigated thin slices of SrIrO3, a material that belongs to the family of complex oxides. [12] New research carried out by CQT researchers suggest that standard protocols that measure the dimensions of quantum systems may return incorrect numbers. [11] Is entanglement really necessary for describing the physical world, or is it possible to have some post-quantum theory without entanglement? [10] A trio of scientists who defied Einstein by proving the nonlocal nature of quantum entanglement will be honoured with the John Stewart Bell Prize from the University of Toronto (U of T). [9] While physicists are continually looking for ways to unify the theory of relativity, which describes large-scale phenomena, with quantum theory, which describes small-scale phenomena, computer scientists are searching for technologies to build the quantum computer using Quantum Information. In August 2013, the achievement of "fully deterministic" quantum teleportation, using a hybrid technique, was reported. On 29 May 2014, scientists announced a reliable way of transferring data by quantum teleportation. Quantum teleportation of data had been done before but with highly unreliable methods. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to build the Quantum Computer with the help of Quantum Information.
Category: Digital Signal Processing

[359] viXra:1806.0426 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-27 05:59:13

Delayed-Choice Gedanken Experiments and Their Realizations

Authors: Xiao-song Ma, Johannes Kofler, Anton Zeilinger
Comments: 46 Pages. Russian translation from arXiv:1407.2930v3 [quant-ph] 19 Mar 2016 by V.A. Kasimov

The wave-particle duality dates back to Einstein's explanation of the photoelectric effect through quanta of light and de Broglie's hypothesis of matter waves. Quantum mechanics uses an abstract description for the behavior of physical systems such as photons, electrons, or atoms. Whether quantum predictions for single systems in an interferometric experiment allow an intuitive understanding in terms of the particle or wave picture, depends on the specific configuration which is being used. In principle, this leaves open the possibility that quantum systems always behave either definitely as a particle or definitely as a wave in every experimental run by a priori adapting to the specific experimental situation. This is precisely what is tried to be excluded by delayed-choice experiments, in which the observer chooses to reveal the particle or wave character of a quantum system - or even a continuous transformation between the two - at a late stage of the experiment. The history of delayed-choice gedanken experiments, which can be traced back to the early days of quantum mechanics, is reviewed. Their experimental realizations, in particular Wheeler's delayed choice in interferometric setups as well as delayed-choice quantum erasure and entanglement swapping are discussed. The latter is particularly interesting, because it elevates the wave-particle duality of a single quantum system to an entanglement-separability duality of multiple systems.
Category: Condensed Matter

[358] viXra:1806.0425 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-27 06:21:14

A02 Bohr Model with Victoria Equation 3 Dimensions Orbital and Spin

Authors: Javier Silvestre
Comments: 18 Pages.

Bohr's atomic model presents problems such as loss of energy by rotating charge or absence of explanation for electron probability (electron cloud). Here we show resolution of these problems and optimization of Bohr's model with two electronic extremes that always maintaining initial energy. Electronic extreme behaviour is based on Victoria equation [1]. Debate between the current model and the one based on Bohr with Victoria equation is proposed. In this article, electron begins to show in three dimensions. First, by expanding its radial dimension to two dimensions with a circular orbit movement. Second, reaching three dimensions by raising and lowering these circular orbits with division variations (Swinging movement). In the previous sentence two electron movements have been included: orbital movement with circular movement in specific division and spin movement when moving between orbits changing division with swinging movement like a screw.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[357] viXra:1806.0424 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-27 07:09:35

Asymmetric Plasmonic Antennas

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 31 Pages.

The TUM physicists Alexander Holleitner and Reinhard Kienberger succeeded in generating electric pulses in the frequency range up to 10 terahertz using tiny, so-called plasmonic antennas and running them over a chip. [18] A new way of enhancing the interactions between light and matter, developed by researchers at MIT and Israel's Technion, could someday lead to more efficient solar cells that collect a wider range of light wavelengths, and new kinds of lasers and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) that could have fully tunable color emissions. [17] A team of researchers at the Center for Relativistic Laser Science, within the Institute for Basic Science (IBS) have developed a method to measure the shape of laser pulses in ambient air. [16] Studying the fleeting actions of electrons in organic materials will now be much easier, thanks to a new method for generating fast X-rays. [15] In a laboratory at the University of Rochester, researchers are using lasers to change the surface of metals in incredible ways, such as making them super water-repellent without the use of special coatings, paints, or solvents. [14]
Category: Condensed Matter

[356] viXra:1806.0423 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-27 07:50:08

The Simplest Proof of the Last Fermat Theorem?

Authors: Victor Sorokine
Comments: 1 Page.

The number D=A^n+B^n-C^n < 0.
Category: Number Theory

[355] viXra:1806.0422 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-27 07:51:11

The Simplest Proof of the Last Fermat Theorem? (in Russian)

Authors: Victor Sorokine
Comments: 1 Page. Russian version

Число D=A^n+B^n-C^n < 0.
Category: Number Theory

[354] viXra:1806.0420 [pdf] replaced on 2018-07-03 11:51:45

Proof of the Last Theorem of Fermat (Russian Version)

Authors: Andrey B. Skrypnik
Comments: 5 Pages.

Here is the only possible Proof of the Last Theorem of the Fermat in the requirements of the Fermat of 1637. - The theorem is proved universally for all numbers. - The theorem is proved on the apparatus of Diofont arithmetic. - The proof takes no more than two notebook pages of handwritten text. - The proof is clear to the pupil of the school. - The real meaning of Fermat's words about the margins of the book page is revealed. The secret of the Last Theorem of Fermat is discovered!
Category: Number Theory

[353] viXra:1806.0419 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-27 08:19:23

AI Understand Volcanic Eruptions

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 44 Pages.

Scientists led by Daigo Shoji from the Earth-Life Science Institute (Tokyo Institute of Technology) have shown that a type of artificial intelligence called a convolutional neural network can be trained to categorize volcanic ash particle shapes. [24] Intel's Gadi Singer believes his most important challenge is his latest: using artificial intelligence (AI) to reshape scientific exploration. [23] Artificial intelligence is astonishing in its potential. It will be more transformative than the PC and the Internet. Already it is poised to solve some of our biggest challenges. [22] In the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI), we've often looked for signs of intelligence, technology and communication that are similar to our own. [21] Call it an a-MAZE-ing development: A U.K.-based team of researchers has developed an artificial intelligence program that can learn to take shortcuts through a labyrinth to reach its goal. In the process, the program developed structures akin to those in the human brain. [20]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[352] viXra:1806.0418 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-27 08:46:16

Link Between Cancer and Aging

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 58 Pages.

The discovery could help us better understand aging and eventually could lead to new treatments for cancer. [31] A research team at the University of Delaware, led by Emily Day, an assistant professor of biomedical engineering, is laying the groundwork for a method to inhibit cancer-promoting genes in cancer cells while leaving healthy cells intact. [30] Researchers have moved closer to the real-time verification of hadron therapy, demonstrating the in vivo accuracy of simulations that predict particle range in the patient. [29] A biomimetic nanosystem can deliver therapeutic proteins to selectively target cancerous tumors, according to a team of Penn State researchers. [28] Sunlight is essential for all life, and living organisms have evolved to sense and respond to light. [27] Using X-ray laser technology, a team led by researchers of the Paul Scherrer Institute PSI has recorded one of the fastest processes in biology. [26] A Virginia Commonwealth University researcher has developed a procedure for identifying the source of cells present in a forensic biological sample that could change how cell types are identified in samples across numerous industries. [25] In work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland in College Park, researchers have devised and demonstrated a new way to measure free energy. [24] A novel technique developed by researchers at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) will help shine new light on biological questions by improving the quality and quantity of information that can be extracted in fluorescence microscopy. [23] Micro-computed tomography or "micro-CT" is X-ray imaging in 3-D, by the same method used in hospital CT (or "CAT") scans, but on a small scale with massively increased resolution. [22]
Category: Physics of Biology

[351] viXra:1806.0417 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-27 09:30:43

Higgs Particle Superconducting State

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 25 Pages.

Their experiments allow new insights into the properties of the Higgs particle, but also into fundamental characteristics of superconductors. [34] A team of scientists has detected a hidden state of electronic order in a layered material containing lanthanum, barium, copper, and oxygen (LBCO). [33] Now in a new study, researchers have discovered the existence of a positive feedback loop that gratly enhances the superconductivity of cuprates and may shed light on the origins of high-temperature cuprate superconductivity— considered one of the most important open questions in physics. [33] Using ultracold atoms, researchers at Heidelberg University have found an exotic state of matter where the constituent particles pair up when limited to two dimensions. [32] Neutron diffraction at the Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering has clarified the absence of magnetic order and classified the superconductivity of a new next-generation of superconductors in a paper published in Europhysics Letters. [31] A potential new state of matter is being reported in the journal Nature, with research showing that among superconducting materials in high magnetic fields, the phenomenon of electronic symmetry breaking is common. [30] Researchers from the University of Geneva (UNIGE) in Switzerland and the Technical University Munich in Germany have lifted the veil on the electronic characteristics of high-temperature superconductors. Their research, published in Nature Communications, shows that the electronic densities measured in these superconductors are a combination of two separate effects. As a result, they propose a new model that suggests the existence of two coexisting states rather than competing ones postulated for the past thirty years, a small revolution in the world of superconductivity. [29] A team led by scientists at the Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory combined powerful magnetic pulses with some of the brightest X-rays on the planet to discover a surprising 3-D arrangement of a material's electrons that appears closely linked to a mysterious phenomenon known as high-temperature superconductivity. [28] Advanced x-ray technique reveals surprising quantum excitations that persist through materials with or without superconductivity. [27] This paper explains the magnetic effect of the superconductive current from the observed effects of the accelerating electrons, causing naturally the experienced changes of the electric field potential along the electric wire. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the wave particle duality and the electron's spin also, building the bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The changing acceleration of the electrons explains the created negative electric field of the magnetic induction, the Higgs Field, the changing Relativistic Mass and the Gravitational Force, giving a Unified Theory of the physical forces. Taking into account the Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators also, we can explain the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions. Since the superconductivity is basically a quantum mechanical phenomenon and some entangled particles give this opportunity to specific matters, like Cooper Pairs or other entanglements, as strongly correlated materials and Exciton-mediated electron pairing, we can say that the secret of superconductivity is the quantum entanglement.
Category: Quantum Physics

[350] viXra:1806.0416 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-27 11:08:22

Nobelium with Laser Light

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 40 Pages.

For the first time, this technique was now extended to precisely measure the optical excitation of atomic levels in the atomic shell of three isotopes of the heavy element nobelium, which contain 102 protons in their nuclei and do not occur naturally. [27] In the case of several light nuclei, experimental confirmation of the individualism or family nature of nucleons will now be simpler, thanks to predictions presented by Polish physicists from Cracow and Kielce. [26] The identification of the magic number of six provides an avenue to investigate the origin of spin–orbit splittings in atomic nuclei. [25] Now, physicists are working toward getting their first CT scans of the inner workings of the nucleus. [24] The process of the sticking together of quarks, called hadronisation, is still poorly understood. [23] In experimental campaigns using the OMEGA EP laser at (MIT) researchers took radiographs of the shock front, similar to the X-ray radiology in hospitals with protons instead of X-rays. [22] Researchers generate proton beams using a combination of nanoparticles and laser light. [21] Devices based on light, rather than electrons, could revolutionize the speed and security of our future computers. However, one of the major challenges in today's physics is the design of photonic devices, able to transport and switch light through circuits in a stable way. [20] Researchers characterize the rotational jiggling of an optically levitated nanoparticle, showing how this motion could be cooled to its quantum ground state. [19] Researchers have created quantum states of light whose noise level has been " squeezed " to a record low. [18] An elliptical light beam in a nonlinear optical medium pumped by " twisted light " can rotate like an electron around a magnetic field. [17] Physicists from Trinity College Dublin's School of Physics and the CRANN Institute, Trinity College, have discovered a new form of light, which will impact our understanding of the fundamental nature of light. [16]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[349] viXra:1806.0414 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-27 12:10:09

Non-Local Quantum Correlations

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 64 Pages.

Researchers at the Kirchhoff Institute for Physics of Heidelberg University recently succeeded in verifying so-called non-local quantum correlations between ultracold clouds of rubidium atoms. [39] Unlike previous methods of quantum entanglement involving incoherent and thermal clouds of particles, in this experiment, the researchers used a cloud of atoms in the Bose-Einstein condensate state. [38] A team led by Austrian experimental physicist Rainer Blatt has succeeded in characterizing the quantum entanglement of two spatially separated atoms by observing their light emission. [37] Researchers have demonstrated the first quantum light-emitting diode (LED) that emits single photons and entangled photon pairs with a wavelength of around 1550 nm, which lies within the standard telecommunications window. [36] JILA scientists have invented a new imaging technique that produces rapid, precise measurements of quantum behavior in an atomic clock in the form of near-instant visual art. [35] The unique platform, which is referred as a 4-D microscope, combines the sensitivity and high time-resolution of phase imaging with the specificity and high spatial resolution of fluorescence microscopy. [34] The experiment relied on a soliton frequency comb generated in a chip-based optical microresonator made from silicon nitride. [33] This scientific achievement toward more precise control and monitoring of light is highly interesting for miniaturizing optical devices for sensing and signal processing. [32] It may seem like such optical behavior would require bending the rules of physics, but in fact, scientists at MIT, Harvard University, and elsewhere have now demonstrated that photons can indeed be made to interact-an accomplishment that could open a path toward using photons in quantum computing, if not in light sabers. [31] Optical highways for light are at the heart of modern communications. But when it comes to guiding individual blips of light called photons, reliable transit is far less common. [30] Theoretical physicists propose to use negative interference to control heat flow in quantum devices. [29]
Category: Quantum Physics

[348] viXra:1806.0413 [pdf] replaced on 2019-10-28 14:13:16

N − Dimensional Ads Related Spacetime and Its Transformation

Authors: Thomas Günther
Comments: 4 Pages.

Recently, anti-de Sitter spaces are used in promising theories of quantum gravity like the anti-de Sitter/conformal field theory correspondence. The latter provides an approach to string theorie, which includes more than four dimensions. Unfortunately, the anti-de Sitter model contains no mass and is not able to describe our universe adequately. Nevertheless, the rising interest in higherdimensional theories motivates to take a deeper look at the n-dimensional AdS Spacetime. In this paper, a solution of Einstein's field equations is constructed from a modified anti-de Sitter metric in n dimensions. The idea is based on the connection between Schwarzschild- and McVittie metric: McVittie's model, which interpolates between a Schwarzschild Black Hole and an expanding global Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker spacetime, can be constructed by a simple coordinate replacement in Schwarzschild's isotropic intervall, where radial coordinate and it's differential is multiplied by a time dependent scale factor a(t). In a previous work I showed, that an exact solution of Einstein's equations can analogously be generated from a static transformation of de Sitter's metric. The present article is concerned with the application of this method on an AdS (Anti de Sitter) related spacetime in n dimensions. It is shown that the resulting isotropic intervall is a solution of the n-dimensional Einstein equations. Further, it is transformed into a spherical symmetric but anisotropic form, analogously to the transformtion found by Kaloper, Kleban and Martin for McVittie's metric.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[347] viXra:1806.0411 [pdf] replaced on 2018-10-07 17:53:38

“PROOF of PRINCIPLE” for Situational Underlying Value (Suv) – a Statistic to Measure Clutch Performance by Individuals in the Team Sports of Major League Baseball, Professional Football (NFL) and Ncaa Men’s College Basketball

Authors: Raymond HV Gallucci
Comments: 41 Pages. NOTE: Due to size limitations, this has been published in three separate parts, with the abstract and references to all three parts included with each. This is Part 1, directed exclusively to Major League Baseball.

In Situational Underlying Value for Baseball, Football and Basketball – A Statistic (SUV) to Measure Individual Performance in Team Sports, an all-encompassing, overall statistic to measure “clutch” performance by individual players in the team sports of major league baseball, professional football (NFL), and NCAA men’s college basketball was developed, called “Situational Underlying Value” (SUV). This work supplements and extends the development and initial demonstrations of the use of the SUV statistic for these three team sports by tracking the performance of three specific teams in these three sports over a significant portion of their most recent seasons: (1) for major league baseball, 54 of the 162 games played by the Seattle Mariners in 2017; (2) for professional football, five of the 16 games played by the Seattle Seahawks in 2017; and (3) for NCAA Men’s College Basketball, the five games played by the Loyola of Chicago Ramblers in the 2018 NCAA Division I Men’s Basketball Tournament. The SUV statistics for the players who participated in these games are tracked and accumulated for comparison among themselves and, for those who participated in a significant portion of these games, further compared against the traditional statistics for each team over the entire season (or, in the case of the Loyola of Chicago Ramblers, the complete five games of the Basketball Tournament). The goal is to examine the efficacy of this one overarching statistic, the SUV, in representing player performance “in the clutch” vs. more subjective interpretation of the myriad of different “traditional” statistics currently used. Anomalies between the SUV and “traditional” statistics results are examined and explained, to the extent practicable given the scope of the SUV analysis (partial seasons). Whether or not this effort proves successful is left to the reader’s conclusion based on the results and comparisons performed.
Category: Statistics

[346] viXra:1806.0410 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-27 20:36:25

“PROOF of PRINCIPLE” for Situational Underlying Value (Suv) – a Statistic to Measure Clutch Performance by Individuals in the Team Sports of Major League Baseball, Professional Football (NFL) and Ncaa Men’s College Basketball (Part 2)

Authors: Raymond HV Gallucci
Comments: 59 Pages. Part 2 of Three-Part Document, Separated due to Size Limitation

NOTE: Due to size limitations, this has been published in three separate parts, with the abstract and references to all three parts included with each. This is Part 2, directed exclusively to Professional Football (NFL). In Situational Underlying Value for Baseball, Football and Basketball – A Statistic (SUV) to Measure Individual Performance in Team Sports, an all-encompassing, overall statistic to measure “clutch” performance by individual players in the team sports of major league baseball, professional football (NFL), and NCAA men’s college basketball was developed, called “Situational Underlying Value” (SUV). This work supplements and extends the development and initial demonstrations of the use of the SUV statistic for these three team sports by tracking the performance of three specific teams in these three sports over a significant portion of their most recent seasons: (1) for major league baseball, 54 of the 162 games played by the Seattle Mariners in 2017; (2) for professional football, five of the 16 games played by the Seattle Seahawks in 2017; and (3) for NCAA Men’s College Basketball, the five games played by the Loyola of Chicago Ramblers in the 2018 NCAA Division I Men’s Basketball Tournament. The SUV statistics for the players who participated in these games are tracked and accumulated for comparison among themselves and, for those who participated in a significant portion of these games, further compared against the traditional statistics for each team over the entire season (or, in the case of the Loyola of Chicago Ramblers, the complete five games of the Basketball Tournament). The goal is to examine the efficacy of this one overarching statistic, the SUV, in representing player performance “in the clutch” vs. more subjective interpretation of the myriad of different “traditional” statistics currently used. Anomalies between the SUV and “traditional” statistics results are examined and explained, to the extent practicable given the scope of the SUV analysis (partial seasons). Whether or not this effort proves successful is left to the reader’s conclusion based on the results and comparisons performed.
Category: Statistics

[345] viXra:1806.0409 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-27 20:38:10

“PROOF of PRINCIPLE” for Situational Underlying Value (Suv) – a Statistic to Measure Clutch Performance by Individuals in the Team Sports of Major League Baseball, Professional Football (NFL) and Ncaa Men’s College Basketball (Part 3)

Authors: Raymond HV Gallucci
Comments: 31 Pages. Part 3 of Three-Part Document, Separated due to Size Limitation

NOTE: Due to size limitations, this has been published in three separate parts, with the abstract and references to all three parts included with each. This is Part 3, directed exclusively to NCAA Men’s College Basketball. In Situational Underlying Value for Baseball, Football and Basketball – A Statistic (SUV) to Measure Individual Performance in Team Sports, an all-encompassing, overall statistic to measure “clutch” performance by individual players in the team sports of major league baseball, professional football (NFL), and NCAA men’s college basketball was developed, called “Situational Underlying Value” (SUV). This work supplements and extends the development and initial demonstrations of the use of the SUV statistic for these three team sports by tracking the performance of three specific teams in these three sports over a significant portion of their most recent seasons: (1) for major league baseball, 54 of the 162 games played by the Seattle Mariners in 2017; (2) for professional football, five of the 16 games played by the Seattle Seahawks in 2017; and (3) for NCAA Men’s College Basketball, the five games played by the Loyola of Chicago Ramblers in the 2018 NCAA Division I Men’s Basketball Tournament. The SUV statistics for the players who participated in these games are tracked and accumulated for comparison among themselves and, for those who participated in a significant portion of these games, further compared against the traditional statistics for each team over the entire season (or, in the case of the Loyola of Chicago Ramblers, the complete five games of the Basketball Tournament). The goal is to examine the efficacy of this one overarching statistic, the SUV, in representing player performance “in the clutch” vs. more subjective interpretation of the myriad of different “traditional” statistics currently used. Anomalies between the SUV and “traditional” statistics results are examined and explained, to the extent practicable given the scope of the SUV analysis (partial seasons). Whether or not this effort proves successful is left to the reader’s conclusion based on the results and comparisons performed.
Category: Statistics

[344] viXra:1806.0408 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-27 22:36:39

Martian Papers 1

Authors: Greg Orme
Comments: 211 Pages.

A series of published papers on possible Martian artifacts.
Category: Astrophysics

[343] viXra:1806.0407 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-27 22:55:58

Martian Papers 2

Authors: Greg Orme
Comments: 225 Pages.

A series of peer reviewed published papers on possible Martian artifacts.
Category: Archaeology

[342] viXra:1806.0406 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-27 23:05:41

SRC Model for Nuclear Structure

Authors: Ranjeet Dalal
Comments: 13 Pages.

A new approach for the nuclear structure is suggested which is based upon the idea that the nucleons are not moving independently inside the nuclei, but are forming Short Range Correlated (SRC) quasi-particles. The existence of SRCs inside nuclei has been verified by many experiments [1-3] and is considered to be underlying reason behind the EMC effect [4]. Using few assumptions, a SRC based model for the nuclear structure is proposed. The model is equivalent to the liquid drop model for consideration of the nuclear binding energy and is equivalent to the shell model if the shell structure of SRC quasiparticles is considered. Equivalence of the present model to the cluster model for specific applications is also highlighted. Further, this model provides insights for the symmetric/asymmetric nature of spontaneous fission and Giant Resonances.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[341] viXra:1806.0405 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-27 23:19:02

Evolution of the Ring of Gravitating Bodies with and Without the Central Body and Properties of Their Chaotic Behavior

Authors: A.V. Melkikh, E.A. Melkikh, V.A. Kozhevnikov
Comments: 35 Pages.

The time dependence of distribution function for the system composed of material points having circular orbits at initial moment of time with and without massive central body is obtained. As a result of chaotization of orbits, a part of material points evaporates (acquires positive total energy). Dependence of the fraction of evaporated material points on the width of the disk, their mass and initial distance to the central body is obtained. Wherein, the maximum fraction of evaporated particles for the case with central body is equal to 0.4. Initial stage of evaporation of a ring of particles with a central body is a subdiffusion with the dependence of the mean square bias on time =Kαt^α, where α = 0.27. For the case without a central body, the fraction of evaporated particles is obtained as a function of the number of particles in the ring and virial ratios. The dependence of the fraction of particle pairs leaving the system on the number of particles in the ring is obtained. The average fraction of pairs for the virial ratio K = -U turned out to be 0.2. Power spectra characterizing the evaporation of particles, approximated by a power-law dependence on frequency, are obtained.
Category: Astrophysics

[340] viXra:1806.0403 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-28 02:59:53

Argon-37 ↔ Chlorum-37 Transformations

Authors: Antonio Puccini
Comments: 15 Pages.

As it is known, unlike Argon-40 (Ar1840) and stable isotopes (Ar1838 e Ar1836), Argon-37(Ar1837) is unstable, in fact it is radioactive and decays in 35 days. Thus, in order to regain stability, Ar1837 makes one of its protons (P) to capture an electron (e) from its own atom. It follows that, leaving unchanged the value of its atomic mass (A = 37), this isotope undergoes the transformation of a P into a neutron (N), whereby its atomic number (Z) drops by one unit(Z=17). As known, as the atomic number of an element varies, its chemical properties vary too, so much so that the Ar1837 is transmuted into another element: the Cl1737. All this due to the electron capture occurred in Ar1837 and represented as follows: e + P  N + e(1), where with e we mean an electronic neutrino. At this point, however, it would be reasonable to wonder: where did this e come from? It is as if in this equation some intermediate passage was omitted. One of the phenomena that are very often accompanied by electron capture, is the so-called photoannihilation, characterized by the materialization of electro-magnetic radiation (γ), with consequent production of pairs (particle-antiparticle), such as: γ  ῡe + e. If we consider this phenomenon, Eq. (1) should be integrated as follows: e + P + ῡe.+ e ↔ N + e(2). Let's try to read backwards Eq.(2), omitting the e placed in both members of the equation: N  e , P , ῡe(3). It is surprising: Eq.(3) shows exactly the decay products of N or negative β-decay (βd). According to Pauli and Fermi the 3rd particle or ῡe added in βd (Eq.3), had to have the mass of e; instead the ῡe weighs 0.00001 electronic masses. If we assumed that the 3rd particle, indirectly detected, as with the Cherenkov Effect, was an anti-neutral electron (ē°) sufficiently accelerated, it would compensate for the unsolved mass gap problem of βd, corresponding to 0.5110.78281 MeV.
Category: Chemistry

[339] viXra:1806.0402 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-28 03:27:39

New Sufficient Conditions of Robust Recovery for Low-Rank Matrices

Authors: Jianwen Huang, Jianjun Wang, Feng Zhang, Wendong Wang
Comments: 18 Pages.

In this paper we investigate the reconstruction conditions of nuclear norm minimization for low-rank matrix recovery from a given linear system of equality constraints. Sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee the robust reconstruction in bounded $l_2$ and Dantzig selector noise settings $(\epsilon\neq0)$ or exactly reconstruction in the noiseless context $(\epsilon=0)$ of all rank $r$ matrices $X\in\mathbb{R}^{m\times n}$ from $b=\mathcal{A}(X)+z$ via nuclear norm minimization. Furthermore, we not only show that when $t=1$, the upper bound of $\delta_r$ is the same as the result of Cai and Zhang \cite{Cai and Zhang}, but also demonstrate that the gained upper bounds concerning the recovery error are better. Finally, we prove that the restricted isometry property condition is sharp.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[338] viXra:1806.0401 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-28 03:45:36

Persistent Quantum Interference

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 65 Pages.

When the cyclotron radius becomes much lower than the phase decoherence length the quantum interference is suppressed leading to classical behaviour. [40] Researchers at the Kirchhoff Institute for Physics of Heidelberg University recently succeeded in verifying so-called non-local quantum correlations between ultracold clouds of rubidium atoms. [39] Unlike previous methods of quantum entanglement involving incoherent and thermal clouds of particles, in this experiment, the researchers used a cloud of atoms in the Bose-Einstein condensate state. [38] A team led by Austrian experimental physicist Rainer Blatt has succeeded in characterizing the quantum entanglement of two spatially separated atoms by observing their light emission. [37] Researchers have demonstrated the first quantum light-emitting diode (LED) that emits single photons and entangled photon pairs with a wavelength of around 1550 nm, which lies within the standard telecommunications window. [36] JILA scientists have invented a new imaging technique that produces rapid, precise measurements of quantum behavior in an atomic clock in the form of near-instant visual art. [35] The unique platform, which is referred as a 4-D microscope, combines the sensitivity and high time-resolution of phase imaging with the specificity and high spatial resolution of fluorescence microscopy. [34] The experiment relied on a soliton frequency comb generated in a chip-based optical microresonator made from silicon nitride. [33] This scientific achievement toward more precise control and monitoring of light is highly interesting for miniaturizing optical devices for sensing and signal processing. [32] It may seem like such optical behavior would require bending the rules of physics, but in fact, scientists at MIT, Harvard University, and elsewhere have now demonstrated that photons can indeed be made to interact-an accomplishment that could open a path toward using photons in quantum computing, if not in light sabers. [31] Optical highways for light are at the heart of modern communications. But when it comes to guiding individual blips of light called photons, reliable transit is far less common. [30]
Category: Quantum Physics

[337] viXra:1806.0400 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-28 04:41:12

Size of Neutron Stars

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 25 Pages.

Astrophysicists at the Goethe University Frankfurt and the FIAS have now succeeded in determining the size of neutron stars to within 1.5 kilometres by using an elaborate statistical approach supported by data from the measurement of gravitational waves. [24] Researchers at Oregon State University have confirmed that last fall's union of two neutron stars did in fact cause a short gamma-ray burst. [23] Quark matter – an extremely dense phase of matter made up of subatomic particles called quarks – may exist at the heart of neutron stars. [22] When a massive astrophysical object, such as a boson star or black hole, rotates, it can cause the surrounding spacetime to rotate along with it due to the effect of frame dragging. [21] Rotating black holes and computers that use quantum-mechanical phenomena to process information are topics that have fascinated science lovers for decades, but even the most innovative thinkers rarely put them together. [20] If someone were to venture into one of these relatively benign black holes, they could survive, but their past would be obliterated and they could have an infinite number of possible futures. [19] The group explains their theory in a paper published in the journal Physical Review Letters—it involves the idea of primordial black holes (PBHs) infesting the centers of neutron stars and eating them from the inside out. [18] But for rotating black holes, there's a region outside the event horizon where strange and extraordinary things can happen, and these extraordinary possibilities are the focus of a new paper in the American Physical Society journal Physical Review Letters. [17] Astronomers have constructed the first map of the universe based on the positions of supermassive black holes, which reveals the large-scale structure of the universe. [16] Astronomers want to record an image of the heart of our galaxy for the first time: a global collaboration of radio dishes is to take a detailed look at the black hole which is assumed to be located there. [15] A team of researchers from around the world is getting ready to create what might be the first image of a black hole. [14]
Category: Astrophysics

[336] viXra:1806.0398 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-26 13:33:04

Dark Matter and the Energy-Momentum of the Gravitational Field

Authors: Gary Nash
Comments: 7 Pages.

The $\Lambda $ Cold Dark Matter cosmological model assumes general relativity is correct. However, the Einstein equation does not contain a symmetric tensor which describes the energy-momentum of the gravitational field itself. Recently, a modified equation of general relativity was developed which contains the missing tensor and completes the Einstein equation. An exact static solution was obtained from the modified Einstein equation in a spheroidal metric describing the gravitational field outside of its source, which does not contain dark matter. The flat rotation curves for a class of galaxies were calculated and the baryonic Tully-Fisher relation followed directly from the gravitational energy-momentum tensor. The Newtonian rotation curves for galaxies with no flat orbital curves, and those with rising rotation curves for large radii were described as examples of the flexibility of the orbital rotation curve equation.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[335] viXra:1806.0397 [pdf] replaced on 2019-02-02 02:03:44

Gravity Without Newton’s Gravitational Constant and no Knowledge of Mass Size

Authors: Espen Gaarder Haug
Comments: 6 Pages.

In this paper, we show that the Schwarzschild radius can be extracted easily from any gravitationally-linked phenomena without having knowledge of Newton's gravitational constant or the mass size of the gravitational object. Further, the Schwarzschild radius can be used to predict any gravity phenomena accurately, again without knowledge of Newton's gravitational constant and also without knowledge of the size of the mass, although this may seem surprising at first. Hidden within the Schwarzschild radius are the mass of the gravitational object, the Planck mass, and the Planck length, which we will assert contain the secret essence related to gravity, in addition to the speed of light, (the speed of gravity). This seems to indicate that gravity is quantized, even at the cosmological scale, and this quantization is directly linked to the Planck units. This also supports our view that Newton's gravitational constant is a universal composite constant of the form G=l_p^2c^3/hbar, rather than relying on the Planck units as a function of G. This does not mean that Newton's gravitational constant is not a universal constant, but rather that it is a composite universal constant, which depends on the Planck length, the speed of light, and the Planck constant. This is, to our knowledge, the first paper that shows how a long series of major gravity predictions and measurements can be completed without any knowledge of the mass size of the object, or Newton's gravitational constant. As a minimum, we think it provides an interesting new angle for evaluating existing theories of gravitation, and it may even provide a hint on how to combine quantum gravity with Newton and Einstein gravity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[334] viXra:1806.0396 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-26 21:58:13

Another Experiment Rejects Ampere's Law and Supports the Stoe Model

Authors: John Hodge
Comments: 5 Pages.

The Scalar Theory of Everything (STOE) posits the components of the universe emerge to cause gravity and electromagnetic effects. An experiment to test Ampere's law and the STOE was performed. The data shows the STOE model is very close to the actual measurements. The traditional magnetostatics Biot-Savart Law is rejected. The STOE model of magnetostatics is not rejected and is supported.
Category: Classical Physics

[333] viXra:1806.0393 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-27 02:19:02

Vitamin D3 and Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment Modality on Human Osteoblast Cells

Authors: Jay Antony Prague, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Sambhu Charan Mondal, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 7 Pages.

The current study was established to evaluate the effect of Consciousness Energy Healing based vitamin D3 and DMEM medium on bone cells development. The test items were divided into two parts. One part of each sample received Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment by Jay Antony Prague and those samples were labeled as Biofield Treated (BT) samples, while other parts of each sample were denoted as untreated test items (UT). MTT data showed test samples were found as safe in tested concentrations. ALP was significantly increased by 214.74%, 350.53%, and 536.32% in UT-DMEM + BT-Test item, BT-DMEM + UT-Test item, and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item groups, respectively at 0.1 µg/mL compared to UT-DMEM + UT-Test item group. Further, ALP level was significantly elevated by 155.09% and 93.37% in BT-DMEM + UT-Test item and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item groups, respectively at 1 µg/mL compared to untreated. Collagen was significantly increased by 73.40%, 150.39%, and 133.59% in UT-DMEM + BT-Test item, BT-DMEM + UT-Test item, and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item groups, respectively at 1 µg/mL compared to untreated. Moreover, level of collagen was significantly increased by 105.68%, and 72.76% in BT-DMEM + UT-Test item and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item groups, respectively at 50 µg/mL with respect to untreated. Besides, percent of bone mineralization was distinctly increased by 229.99%, 229.99%, and 200% in UT-DMEM + BT-Test item, BT-DMEM + UT-Test item, and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item groups, respectively at 0.1µg/mL compared to untreated. Percent of bone mineralization was distinctly increased by 137.27% and 142.17% in UT-DMEM + BT-Test item and BT-DMEM + UT-Test item groups, respectively at 100 µg/mL, while increased by 78.29% and 96.71% in UT-DMEM + BT-Test item and BT-DMEM + UT-Test item groups, respectively as compared to untreated. Overall, Biofield energized vitamin D3 has a significant effect on bone health and able to combat vitamin D3 deficiency and fight against various bone-related problems.
Category: Biochemistry

[332] viXra:1806.0392 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-27 04:00:32

Evaluation of Bone Mineral Density and Biochemical Parameters of Bone Metabolism after Treatment with Biofield Energy Treated Vitamin D3 in MG-63 Cells

Authors: Jagdish Singh, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Sambhu Charan Mondal, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 6 Pages.

The aim of this study was to examine the potential of Consciousness Energy Healing based vitamin D3 and DMEM medium on bone health parameters. The test items (viz. vitamin D3 and DMEM), were divided into two parts. One part of each test item was received the Biofield Treatment by Jagdish Singh and those samples were labeled as Biofield Treated (BT) samples, while other parts of each sample were denoted as Untreated Test Items (UT). The test samples were found as safe in tested concentrations by MTT assay. ALP was significantly increased by 130.51%, 84.39%, and 67.51% in UT-DMEM + BT-Test item, BT-DMEM + UT-Test item, and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item, respectively at 1 µg/mL than UT-DMEM + UT-Test item group. Moreover, level of collagen was also significantly enhanced by 117.37% in BT-DMEM + UT-Test item at 100 µg/mL than untreated. Other parameter like collagen was significantly increased by 171.30%, 168.51%, and 110.48% in UT-DMEM + BT-Test item, BT-DMEM + UT-Test item, and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item groups, respectively at 50 µg/mL as compared to untreated. Additionally, level of collagen also elevated by 88.49%, 280.08%, and 63.28% in UT-DMEM + BT-Test item, BT-DMEM + UT-Test item, and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item groups, respectively, at 100 µg/mL compared to untreated. Besides, percent of bone mineralization was distinctly increased by 79.34%, 146.74%, and 162.76% in UT-DMEM + BT-Test item, BT-DMEM + UT-Test item, and BT-DMEM + BT-Test item groups, respectively at 100µg/mL compared to untreated. Overall, Biofield Treated vitamin D3 was significantly improved the bone health parameters and it could be a powerful alternative nutraceutical supplement to combat vitamin D3 deficiency and fight against various bone related problems including rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis, osteogenesis imperfect, bone fractures, osteoma, chondrodystrophia fetalis, stress management and prevention, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, and anti-aging by improving overall health.
Category: Biochemistry

[331] viXra:1806.0390 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-27 04:18:52

Making Good Decisions; Personal Time Travel

Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 1 Page.

if you've ever read/seen Slaughterhouse Five, you'll "get" this essay; otherwise, maybe not
Category: Religion and Spiritualism

[330] viXra:1806.0389 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-27 05:16:45

Residual Annual and Diurnal Periodicities of the Pioneer 10 Acceleration Term Resolved in Absolute CMB Rest Frame

Authors: Roland Pabisch
Comments: 6 Pages.

The phenomenon of the residual, so far unexplained annual and diurnal tracking signal variations on top of the constant acceleration term Anderson & Laing & Lau & et al. (2002), is resolved by applying the general, classical Doppler formula (CMB-Doppler formula) of first order for two-way radio Doppler signals in the fundamental rest frame of the isotropic cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) between earthbound Deep Space Network stations (DSN), and the Pioneer 10 space probe (P 10). The anomalous annual and diurnal variations of the constant acceleration term vanish, if instead of the relativistic Standard-Doppler formula (SRT-Doppler formula) of first and second order the CMB-Doppler formula is used. That formula contains the absolute velocities ue of Earth, and upio of P 10, derived from the absolute velocity usun of the solar system barycenter in the CMB, with usun = 369.0 ± 0.9 km/s, and the relative revolution velocity ve of Earth, and the relative velocity vpio of P 10 in the heliocentric frame from January 1987 until December 1996. The flyby radio Doppler and the proportional ranging data anomalies can be resolved as well by using the CMB-Doppler formula with the absolute, asymptotic velocities of the inbound and outbound flights during a gravity assist maneuver, which have usually slightly different magnitudes, inducing the so far unexplained frequency shift, and the unexplained difference in the ranging data, although the relative velocities are equal.
Category: Astrophysics

[329] viXra:1806.0388 [pdf] replaced on 2018-08-06 23:26:34

Cl(16): Bivector+half-Spinor E8 and Trivector Fr3(o) E8 Gives 8D and 4D Kaluza-Klein Lagrangian Fr3(o) Gives Cl(1,25) Aqft

Authors: Frank Dodd Tony Smith Jr
Comments: 205 Pages.

Our Universe orginated and evolves according to David Finkelstein’s process of Iteration of Real Clifford Algebras. Cl(16) contains E8 (as BiVectors + half-Spinors)and 10 copies of Fr3(O) (as TriVectors). The remaining 65,536 - 248 - 560 = 64,728 elements carry Information in Penrose-Hameroff Microtubule Quantum Consciousness. Fr3(O) gives 26D World-Line=String Cl(1,25) and AQFT based on E8 Lagrangian with Schwinger Sources whose Internal QuasiCrystal Structure encodes Symmetric Space - Complex Bounded Domain - Shilov Boundary data for calculation of Force Strengths, Particle Masses, etc, and whose External Indra Net BlockChain Structure describes the Unity of Our Universe as a Quantum Consciousness in the Bulk of the Complex Bounded Domain that mirrors our individual Quantum Consciousnesses in the Shilov Boundary that is our Physical Spacetime.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[328] viXra:1806.0387 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-25 05:16:23

Monatomic Phase Change Memory

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 23 Pages.

Monatomic glassy antimony might be used as a new type of single-element phase change memory. [17] Physicists have designed a 3-D quantum memory that addresses the tradeoff between achieving long storage times and fast readout times, while at the same time maintaining a compact form. [16] Quantum memories are devices that can store quantum information for a later time, which are usually implemented by storing and re-emitting photons with certain quantum states. [15] The researchers engineered diamond strings that can be tuned to quiet a qubit's environment and improve memory from tens to several hundred nanoseconds, enough time to do many operations on a quantum chip. [14] Intel has announced the design and fabrication of a 49-qubit superconducting quantum-processor chip at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas. To improve our understanding of the so-called quantum properties of materials, scientists at the TU Delft investigated thin slices of SrIrO3, a material that belongs to the family of complex oxides. [12] New research carried out by CQT researchers suggest that standard protocols that measure the dimensions of quantum systems may return incorrect numbers. [11] Is entanglement really necessary for describing the physical world, or is it possible to have some post-quantum theory without entanglement? [10] A trio of scientists who defied Einstein by proving the nonlocal nature of quantum entanglement will be honoured with the John Stewart Bell Prize from the University of Toronto (U of T). [9] While physicists are continually looking for ways to unify the theory of relativity, which describes large-scale phenomena, with quantum theory, which describes small-scale phenomena, computer scientists are searching for technologies to build the quantum computer using Quantum Information. In August 2013, the achievement of "fully deterministic" quantum teleportation, using a hybrid technique, was reported. On 29 May 2014, scientists announced a reliable way of transferring data by quantum teleportation. Quantum teleportation of data had been done before but with highly unreliable methods. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to build the Quantum Computer with the help of Quantum Information.
Category: Digital Signal Processing

[327] viXra:1806.0385 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-25 08:43:49

Train Your Robot

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 39 Pages.

"Our goal is to enable machines to behave appropriately in social situations. Our graphs capture a lot of high-level properties of human situations that haven't been explored in prior work." [23] A self-driving vehicle has to detect objects, track them over time, and predict where they will be in the future in order to plan a safe manoeuvre. [22] In order to improve world food conditions, a team around computer science professor Kristian Kersting was inspired by the technology behind Google News. [21] Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is one of a number of biophysical techniques used for determining the structural characteristics of biomolecules. [20] A deep neural network running on an ordinary desktop computer is interpreting highly technical data related to national security as well as—and sometimes better than— today's best automated methods or even human experts. [19] Scientists at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA), located at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, have pioneered the use of GPU-accelerated deep learning for rapid detection and characterization of gravitational waves. [18] Researchers from Queen Mary University of London have developed a mathematical model for the emergence of innovations. [17] Quantum computers can be made to utilize effects such as quantum coherence and entanglement to accelerate machine learning. [16] Neural networks learn how to carry out certain tasks by analyzing large amounts of data displayed to them. [15] Who is the better experimentalist, a human or a robot? When it comes to exploring synthetic and crystallization conditions for inorganic gigantic molecules, actively learning machines are clearly ahead, as demonstrated by British Scientists in an experiment with polyoxometalates published in the journal Angewandte Chemie. [14] Machine learning algorithms are designed to improve as they encounter more data, making them a versatile technology for understanding large sets of photos such as those accessible from Google Images. Elizabeth Holm, professor of materials science and engineering at Carnegie Mellon University, is leveraging this technology to better understand the enormous number of research images accumulated in the field of materials science. [13]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[326] viXra:1806.0384 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-25 09:05:05

Solar Still - Improving the Steam Transport

Authors: Herbert Weidner
Comments: 4 Pages.

In a humidification-dehumidification desalination system, the steam should be transported to the cooling surface by dry and preheated air. The required air temperature and heating power are calculated.
Category: Classical Physics

[325] viXra:1806.0383 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-25 09:10:59

Gene Regulation

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 56 Pages.

A research team at the University of Delaware, led by Emily Day, an assistant professor of biomedical engineering, is laying the groundwork for a method to inhibit cancer-promoting genes in cancer cells while leaving healthy cells intact. [30] Researchers have moved closer to the real-time verification of hadron therapy, demonstrating the in vivo accuracy of simulations that predict particle range in the patient. [29] A biomimetic nanosystem can deliver therapeutic proteins to selectively target cancerous tumors, according to a team of Penn State researchers. [28] Sunlight is essential for all life, and living organisms have evolved to sense and respond to light. [27] Using X-ray laser technology, a team led by researchers of the Paul Scherrer Institute PSI has recorded one of the fastest processes in biology. [26] A Virginia Commonwealth University researcher has developed a procedure for identifying the source of cells present in a forensic biological sample that could change how cell types are identified in samples across numerous industries. [25] In work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland in College Park, researchers have devised and demonstrated a new way to measure free energy. [24] A novel technique developed by researchers at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) will help shine new light on biological questions by improving the quality and quantity of information that can be extracted in fluorescence microscopy. [23] Micro-computed tomography or "micro-CT" is X-ray imaging in 3-D, by the same method used in hospital CT (or "CAT") scans, but on a small scale with massively increased resolution. [22] A new experimental method permits the X-ray analysis of amyloids, a class of large, filamentous biomolecules which are an important hallmark of diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. [12]
Category: Physics of Biology

[324] viXra:1806.0382 [pdf] replaced on 2021-09-27 13:19:47

Angle of 18 Degrees for Long Lived Elementary Particles

Authors: Yuri Danoyan
Comments: 2 Pages.

An unheeded link revealed between the values of mass some elementary particles at an angle of 18 degrees. Shown the relationship 18 degrees with Golden ratio.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[323] viXra:1806.0381 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-25 11:39:01

The Physics of Nothingness

Authors: Alexander Balatsky
Comments: 16 Pages.

The paper claims that physical laws are amenable to consideration in terms of an algebraic pattern arising solely from the omega constant that underlies both a spatial limit of the universe, implying its scale invariance, and the fine structure constant that stands for changeability of the universe in time. Given that connection, we are able to deduce all fundamental physical quantities exclusively from the omega constant, which makes it possible to meet certain fundamental challenges faced by physics.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[322] viXra:1806.0380 [pdf] replaced on 2018-11-14 23:12:35

About Twenty New Ideas of Theoretical Physics

Authors: Ratikanta Das
Comments: Two pages

Out of twenty new ideas as mentioned below and described in author’s article ‘A Non-standard Model of Physics’ (available at vixra.org/abs/1806.0197), first three are fundamental assumptions of the new model- a four dimensional model that can explain or interpret successfully a good number of fundamental laws, puzzles or phenomena of modern physics. These explanations and interpretations, supported by large number of intuitive ideas, must not be regarded as accidental coincidences and we have to think a lot before accepting or discarding this new model which is much different from other models due to presence of extra space dimension.
Category: History and Philosophy of Physics

[321] viXra:1806.0379 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-26 01:59:34

Knowledge or Ignorance

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 53 Pages.

We have a 'thirst for knowledge' but sometime 'ignorance is bliss', so how do we choose between these two mind states at any given time? [34] Brain-machine interfaces provide one way to connect with this puzzling organ system, including the brain. [33] Measuring optical blood flow in the resting human brain to detect spontaneous activity has for the first time been demonstrated by Wright State University imaging researchers, holding out promise for a better way to study people with autism, Alzheimer's and depression. [32] UCLA biologists report they have transferred a memory from one marine snail to another, creating an artificial memory, by injecting RNA from one to another. [31] Scientists at the Wellcome Trust/ Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, have identified a new type of stem cell in the brain which they say has a high potential for repair following brain injury or disease. [30] A team of researchers working at the Weizmann Institute of Science has found that organoids can be used to better understand how the human brain wrinkles as it develops. [29] A team of biologists has found an unexpected source for the brain's development, a finding that offers new insights into the building of the nervous system. [28] Researchers discover both the structure of specific brain areas and memory are linked to genetic activity that also play important roles in immune system function. [27] The inner workings of the human brain have always been a subject of great interest. Unfortunately, it is fairly difficult to view brain structures or intricate tissues due to the fact that the skull is not transparent by design. [26] But now there is a technology that enables us to "read the mind" with growing accuracy: functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). [25] Advances in microscopy techniques have often triggered important discoveries in the field of neuroscience, enabling vital insights in understanding the brain and promising new treatments for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. [24]
Category: Mind Science

[320] viXra:1806.0378 [pdf] replaced on 2021-05-04 19:01:38

On the Origin of Extraterrestrial Industrial Civilizations

Authors: Steven Suan Zhu
Comments: 550 Pages. updates for 2021, added more sections and mathematical proofs to chapter 7 and 8

Recent discovery of billions of habitable planets within the Milky Way alone and a practical route to nuclear fusion using Project PACER approach, suggesting that any habitable planet with intelligent life should be able to expand beyond their home planet and colonize the galaxy within a relatively short time. Given the absence of detection by SETI for the past few decades, we take this result for granted that no other industrial civilization exists within the galaxy and validated the rare earth and rare intelligence hypothesis by using rigorous astronomical and geological filter to reduce the potential candidate pool to host civilization < 1 per galaxy. So that, the total number of habitable extraterrestrial planets within the Milky Way capable of supporting advanced, intelligent life within the next 500 Myr is < 969. Most of which are earth-like orbiting around a single star with mass ranges from 0.712 to 1 solar mass. No exomoons are capable of supporting advanced life, and a negligible number of low mass binary systems (<0.712 solar mass) are habitable. Among these habitable, the emergence of intelligence is still rare and must be a relatively recent phenomena. Abstract By specifying species as a combination and permutation of traits acquired through evolutionary time, multi-nominal distribution profile of species can be constructed. Those with fewer traits are the most common. A particular multi-nominal distribution is build to model the emergence of civilization by specifying homo sapiens as an outlier. The deviation is calculated based on known cranial capacity of homo sapiens and the explosive growth of angiosperm. The multi-nominal distribution is then transformed/approximated into a more manipulative, generalized multivariate time-dependent exponential lognormal distribution to model biological evolution from the perspective of man. Abstract Most surprisingly, given that the emergence chance of civilization decreases exponentially into the past, predicted by the distribution model, a wall of semi-invisibility exists due to relativistic time delay of signal arrival at cosmological distance so that the universe appears empty even if a significant portion of the space could have already been occupied. The nearest extraterrestrial industrial civilization lies at least 51.85 million light years away, and possibly at least 100 million light years or beyond. Based on the starting model, no extraterrestrial civilization arises before 119 Mya within the observable universe, and no extraterrestrial civilization arises before 138 Mya within the universe by co-moving distance. Despite great distances between the nearest civilizations and the low probability of emergence within our vicinity, given the sheer size of the universe, the total number of intelligent extraterrestrial civilizations likely approaches infinity or \left(\frac{1}{4.4\cdot10^{7}}\right)^{3}\cdot3.621\cdot10^{6}\cdot10^{10^{10^{122}}} if the universe is finitely bounded. Based on incentives for economic growth and assuming wormhole shortens cosmic distances, all civilizations tend to expands near the speed of light and will eventually universally connect with each other via wormhole networks. Within such a network, the farthermost distances traversable from earth can be either infinite or 3.621\cdot10^{6}\cdot10^{10^{10^{122}}}light years in radius if the universe is finitely bounded. Abstract This work distinguishes from and enhances previous works on SETI by focusing on the biological and statistical aspect of the evolution of intelligence, statistical distributions can serve as indispensable tools for SETI to model the pattern and behavior of civilization's emergence and development and bridging the inter-disciplinary gap between astrophysical, biological, and social aspects of extraterrestrial study.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[319] viXra:1806.0377 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-26 04:23:07

Theory of Dark Matter and Dark Energy (Version 2)

Authors: Thierry Delort
Comments: 47 Pages.

In this article, we propose a new model of dark matter. According to this new model, dark matter is a substance, that is a new physical element not constituted of classical particles, called dark substance and filling the Universe. Assuming some very simple physical properties to this dark substance, we theoretically justify the flat rotation curve of galaxies and the baryonic Tully-Fisher’s law. We then study according to our new theory of dark matter the different possible distributions of dark matter in galaxies and in galaxy clusters, and the velocities of galaxies in galaxy clusters. Then using the new model of dark matter we are naturally led to propose a new geometrical model of Universe, finite, that is different from all geometrical models proposed by the Standard Cosmological Model (SCM). Despite that our Theory of dark matter is compatible with the SCM, we then expose a new Cosmological model based on this new geometrical form of the Universe and on the interpretation of the CMB Rest Frame (CRF), that has not physical interpretation on the SCM and that we will call local Cosmological frame. We then propose 2 possible mathematical models of expansion inside the new Cosmological model. The 1st mathematical model is based on General Relativity as the SCM and gives the same theoretical predictions of distances and of the Hubble’s constant as the SCM. The 2nd mathematical model of expansion of the Universe is mathematically much simpler than the mathematical model of expansion used in the SCM, but we will see that its theoretical predictions are in agreement with astronomical observations. Moreover, this 2nd mathematical model of expansion does not need to introduce the existence of a dark energy contrary to the mathematical model of expansion of the SCM. To end we study the evolution of the temperature of dark substance in the Universe and we make appear the existence of a dark energy, due to our model of dark matter.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[318] viXra:1806.0376 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-26 04:37:47

Response to Judge Alsup’s Question Number 2: “What's the Molecular Reason that Co2 is a Greenhouse Gas, Unlike Oxygen and Nitrogen?”

Authors: Blair D. Macdonald
Comments: 116 Pages.

In this study the role of thermoelectrics and neglect of Raman Lasers to determine the infrared atmosphere was investigated; particularly, whether Nitrogen and Oxygen radiate. That these gases do not absorb or emit infrared radiation’ presents a paradox; it contradicts both quantum mechanics and thermodynamics – where all matter above absolute 0 0Kelvin radiates IR photons. It was hypothesised current greenhouse theory has misinterpreted the special ‘Tyndall’ greenhouse gases (CO2 etc.), for the thermoelectric gases as they and their ‘modes’ are only detected by thermoelectric transducers. These (said) molecules do however possess quantum predicted emission spectra, both well within the IR range of the EMS – at 2338cm-1 and 1556cm-1 respectively – and are only observed – and their temperatures accurately measured – by Raman Spectrometers, ‘IR spectrometers’ complement instrument. A report using a Raman spectrometer to measure jet engine outlet temperatures and gas concentrations was referred to and the following conclusions made: 1) all Raman modes (the non-GHGs) are temperature/radiation equivalent to ‘IR- active modes with respect to – and complying with – the Boltzmann and Planck’s constant, and quantum spectroscopy theory; 2) in support, H2O’s 3659cm-1 mode is both TE-IR and Raman equivalent – supporting the ‘equipartition’ principle; and CO2’s temperature can be measured by both instruments independently through its shared modes; 3) the special (1%) greenhouse gases, discovered by Tyndall in ca. 1859, are really the thermoelectric gases, detected only by receiving (non-radiating) thermo-electric transducers; 4) ‘IR’ spectroscopy is also based on these thermoelectric transducers, and as a consequence ‘IR’ spectrographs show only the spectra modes with electric dipoles and not Raman; 5) N2 , when radiated at it’s 2338cm-1 mode, is ‘long lasting’ - metastable and is essential to the operation of a CO2 Laser. From this mechanism it was concluded – contrary to current greenhouse theory – atmospheric CO2 is heated by the same mechanism; 6) all the atmosphere absorbs heat directly from the Sun – just as with the oceanic euphotic layer; 7) and all Blackbody radiation theory, also determined from thermoelectrics alone, needs revision.
Category: Climate Research

[317] viXra:1806.0375 [pdf] replaced on 2020-03-08 14:10:10

Proof of the Last Theorem of Fermat

Authors: Andrey B. Skrypnik
Comments: 3 Pages.

Here is the only possible Proof of the Last Theorem of the Fermat in the requirements of the Fermat of 1637. - The theorem is proved universally for all numbers. - The theorem is proved on the apparatus of Diofont arithmetic. - The proof takes no more than two notebook pages of handwritten text. - The proof is clear to the pupil of the school. - The real meaning of Fermat's words about the margins of the book page is revealed. The secret of the Last Theorem of Fermat is discovered!
Category: Number Theory

[316] viXra:1806.0374 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-26 05:16:24

The Strong Free Will Theorem.

Authors: John H. Conway, Simon Kochen
Comments: 12 Pages. Russian

Russian translation from Notice of the AMS, volume 56, Number 2. February 2009, by V.A. Kasimov The two theories that revolutionized physics in the twentieth century, relativity and quantum mechanics, are full of predictions that defy common sense. Recently, we used three such paradoxical ideas to prove “The Free Will Theorem” (strengthened here), which is the culmination of a series of theorems about quantum mechanics that began in the 1960s. It asserts, roughly, that if indeed we humans have free will, then elementary particles already have their own small share of this valuable commodity. More precisely, if the experimenter can freely choose the directions in which to orient his apparatus in a certain measurement, then the particle’s response (to be pedantic—the universe’s response near the particle) is not determined by the entire previous history of the universe. Две теории, которые произвели революцию в физике ХХ века - теория относительности и квантовая механика, полны выводов, которые не поддаются здравому смыслу. Недавно мы использовали три такие парадоксальные идеи, чтобы доказать FWT-теорему (здесь усиленный вариант- sFWT), являющейся кульминацией серии из теорем о квантовой механике, возникшей в 1960-х годах. Грубо говоря, теорема утверждает, что, если для экспериментаторов имеется возможность свободной подготовки эксперимента независимо от предыстории предыдущих измерений, нечто подобное должно выполняться и для элементарных частиц. Точнее, если экспериментатор может свободно выбирать - в каком направлении ориентировать аппаратуру для измерения, то ответ частицы (чтобы быть педантичным - ответ окружения частицы) определяется не всей предыдущей историей этого окружения.
Category: Quantum Physics

[315] viXra:1806.0373 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-26 05:32:25

Derivation of the Local Lorentz Gauge Transformation of a Dirac Spinor Field in Quantum Einstein-Cartan Theory

Authors: Rainer W. Kühne
Comments: 6 Pages.

I examine the groups which underly classical mechanics, non-relativistic quantum mechanics, special relativity, relativistic quantum mechanics, quantum electrodynamics, quantum flavourdynamics, quantum chromodynamics, and general relativity. This examination includes the rotations SO(2) and SO(3), the Pauli algebra, the Lorentz transformations, the Dirac algebra, and the U(1), SU(2), and SU(3) gauge transformations. I argue that general relativity must be generalized to Einstein-Cartan theory, so that Dirac spinors can be described within the framework of gravitation theory.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[314] viXra:1806.0372 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-26 06:06:21

Adi Yoga

Authors: Acharya Sennimalai kalimuthu
Comments: 29 Pages. This is the number ONE powerful yoga, meditation and breathing technique on earth. Thank you.

According to 30000 years old Tamil yoga, yoga means to unite cosmic energy with bio energy. This yoga is very easy to practice and the results are INSTANT and MARVELLOUS. I have learnt this ancient yoga from a Monk who is more than 400 years old. Even pregnant women, kids, children below 14 years age groups, old persons and physically handicap[pped people can perform this yoga. The practitioner need not bend his body like bending a rubber sheet. This practice yields spiritual bliss, prevents and controls all the disease. This scientific technique is not disseminated yet and the author uncover the hidden treasures of this ancient yoga through this journal.
Category: Religion and Spiritualism

[313] viXra:1806.0370 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-26 07:06:20

Quantum State of Optical Phonon

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 42 Pages.

Ultrashort light-pulse-induced vibrations of atoms in a lattice, called optical coherent phonons, have been controlled in various materials. [26] Phonons are discrete units of vibrational energy predicted by quantum mechanics that correspond to collective oscillations of atoms inside a molecule or a crystal. [25] This achievement is considered as an important landmark for the realization of practical application of photon upconversion technology. [24] Considerable interest in new single-photon detector technologies has been scaling in this past decade. [23] Engineers develop key mathematical formula for driving quantum experiments. [22] Physicists are developing quantum simulators, to help solve problems that are beyond the reach of conventional computers. [21] Engineers at Australia's University of New South Wales have invented a radical new architecture for quantum computing, based on novel 'flip-flop qubits', that promises to make the large-scale manufacture of quantum chips dramatically cheaper-and easier-than thought possible. [20] A team of researchers from the U.S. and Italy has built a quantum memory device that is approximately 1000 times smaller than similar devices— small enough to install on a chip. [19] The cutting edge of data storage research is working at the level of individual atoms and molecules, representing the ultimate limit of technological miniaturisation. [18] This is an important clue for our theoretical understanding of optically controlled magnetic data storage media. [17] A crystalline material that changes shape in response to light could form the heart of novel light-activated devices. [16] Now a team of Penn State electrical engineers have a way to simultaneously control diverse optical properties of dielectric waveguides by using a two-layer coating, each layer with a near zero thickness and weight. [15]
Category: Quantum Physics

[312] viXra:1806.0369 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-26 07:56:17

AI Recreates Periodic Table

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 43 Pages.

A new artificial intelligence (AI) program developed by Stanford physicists accomplished the same feat in just a few hours. [24] Intel's Gadi Singer believes his most important challenge is his latest: using artificial intelligence (AI) to reshape scientific exploration. [23] Artificial intelligence is astonishing in its potential. It will be more transformative than the PC and the Internet. Already it is poised to solve some of our biggest challenges. [22] In the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI), we've often looked for signs of intelligence, technology and communication that are similar to our own. [21] Call it an aMAZE -ing development: A U.K.-based team of researchers has developed an artificial intelligence program that can learn to take shortcuts through a labyrinth to reach its goal. In the process, the program developed structures akin to those in the human brain. [20] And as will be presented today at the 25th annual meeting of the Cognitive Neuroscience networks to enhance their understanding of one of the most elusive intelligence systems, the human brain. [19] U.S. Army Research Laboratory scientists have discovered a way to leverage emerging brain-like computer architectures for an age-old number-theoretic problem known as integer factorization. [18] have come up with a novel machine learning method that enables scientists to derive insights from systems of previously intractable complexity in record time. [17] Quantum computers can be made to utilize effects such as quantum coherence and entanglement to accelerate machine learning. [16] Neural networks learn how to carry out certain tasks by analyzing large amounts of data displayed to them. [15] Who is the better experimentalist, a human or a robot? When it comes to exploring synthetic and crystallization conditions for inorganic gigantic molecules, actively learning machines are clearly ahead, as demonstrated by British Scientists in an experiment with polyoxometalates published in the journal Angewandte Chemie. [14]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[311] viXra:1806.0368 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-26 08:49:09

A Fifth Force Vacuum Dipole Repeller, Needed to Create All Attraction Forces Even Around Black Holes in Quantum FFF Theory.

Authors: Leo Vuyk
Comments: 17 Pages.

Quantum FFF ( Function Follows Form) theory is a Rigid String Theory which states, that there are no singular string based attraction forces. The vacuum is seeded with fast oscillating massless Axion/Higgs particles, oscillating along a complex chiral tetrahedral vacuum lattice, which has the ability to transfer Photon and Graviton information in wavelength bunches of oscillations, through the vacuum lattice with the local (mass related) speed of light and the origin of the so called Dark Energy observed e.g. in the Casimir effect. As a consequence there are no singular attraction forces on rigid stringy knots of propeller shaped Fermions. Only the sum of the different kinds of vacuum impulses with the local vacuum oscillation spectrum coming from all directions on Fermions are responsible for all energetic phenomena in the universe. At the same time we may call this force a fifth force as it opposes and interacts or compensates all Photon/Gluon pressure effects on fermions in the universe.
Category: Astrophysics

[310] viXra:1806.0367 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-26 09:32:58

3nm Memory Cell

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 25 Pages.

A team of researchers with members from IBM Research-Zurich and RWTH Aachen University has announced the development of a new PCM (phase change memory) design that offers miniaturized memory cell volume down to three nanometers. [18] Monatomic glassy antimony might be used as a new type of single-element phase change memory. [17] Physicists have designed a 3-D quantum memory that addresses the tradeoff between achieving long storage times and fast readout times, while at the same time maintaining a compact form. [16] Quantum memories are devices that can store quantum information for a later time, which are usually implemented by storing and re-emitting photons with certain quantum states. [15] The researchers engineered diamond strings that can be tuned to quiet a qubit's environment and improve memory from tens to several hundred nanoseconds, enough time to do many operations on a quantum chip. [14] Intel has announced the design and fabrication of a 49-qubit superconducting quantum-processor chip at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas. To improve our understanding of the so-called quantum properties of materials, scientists at the TU Delft investigated thin slices of SrIrO3, a material that belongs to the family of complex oxides. [12] New research carried out by CQT researchers suggest that standard protocols that measure the dimensions of quantum systems may return incorrect numbers. [11] Is entanglement really necessary for describing the physical world, or is it possible to have some post-quantum theory without entanglement? [10] A trio of scientists who defied Einstein by proving the nonlocal nature of quantum entanglement will be honoured with the John Stewart Bell Prize from the University of Toronto (U of T). [9] While physicists are continually looking for ways to unify the theory of relativity, which describes large-scale phenomena, with quantum theory, which describes small-scale phenomena, computer scientists are searching for technologies to build the quantum computer using Quantum Information. In August 2013, the achievement of "fully deterministic" quantum teleportation, using a hybrid technique, was reported. On 29 May 2014, scientists announced a reliable way of transferring data by quantum teleportation. Quantum teleportation of data had been done before but with highly unreliable methods. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to build the Quantum Computer with the help of Quantum Information.
Category: Digital Signal Processing

[309] viXra:1806.0366 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-26 11:19:37

Fundamental Connection Between the Planck and Hubble Constants (Eng)

Authors: Nikitin A P
Comments: 8 Pages.

This article claims that there is a fundamental relationship between the basic constant of the quantum theory - the Planck constant h and the basic constant of astrophysics the Hubble constant H, which states the material and energy unity of our world.
Category: Astrophysics

[308] viXra:1806.0365 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-24 07:16:18

The Milky Way and the Electron

Authors: Leonardo Rubino
Comments: 1 Page.

In our galaxy (the Milky Way) the Sun is at a distance of 8,5kpc from the centre and should have a rotation speed of 160 km/s, if it were due only to baryonic matter, that is that of the stars and of all visible matter. But we know that, on the contrary, the Sun speed is 220 km/s. So we have a discrepancy Δv of 60 km/s: (Δv=220-160=60 km/s). The laws about such discrepancies are astonishing, as we will see.
Category: Astrophysics

[307] viXra:1806.0363 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-24 09:44:59

Space-Time. Program of Research

Authors: V.A.Kasimov
Comments: 53 Pages. English/Russian

The current situation of the search for the essence of space-time relations reminds the early history of the search for the essence of "phlogiston", which was resolved by the statistical theory of Gibbs ensembles, the definition of thermodynamic concepts and, in particular, the concept of temperature as the average kinetic energy in the ensemble. Thermodynamics has found its justification in statistical physics but space-time relationships of the macrocosm it is possible that it will find its rationale in the inevitable processes of condensation and localization in the environment of prameter and averaging the probabilistic parameters of the microcosm in the description of these processes.
Category: Quantum Physics

[306] viXra:1806.0362 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-24 10:17:22

A Comparison of J. Scott Armstrong's, "Author's Formula", with Stellar Metamorphosis

Authors: Jeffrey Joseph Wolynski
Comments: 4 Pages.

There is a formula for achieving publication in scientific journals, and stellar metamorphosis ignores these. Explanation is provided with links.
Category: Education and Didactics

[305] viXra:1806.0361 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-24 12:43:34

E8 Physics: Results and Origins

Authors: Frank Dodd Tony Smith Jr
Comments: 115 Pages.

My view of the Origins of E8 Physics is that its basic structure of Real Clifford Algebras was known in Ancient Africa and reflected in the Giza Pyramids as of 36,000 years ago, and that is only very recently have understanding of Math and Experiment advanced far enough to rediscover the Algebraic Quantum Field Theory of E8 Physics. This is an outline of my view of the Results of E8 Physics calculations of Force Strenghts, Particle Masses, ... etc and my view of the Origins of its ideas. It is 115 pdf pages that are intended to be presented as a slide show. For details, see viXra 1804.0121.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[304] viXra:1806.0360 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-24 12:50:58

Computing Multi-Homogeneous Bezout Numbers is Hard

Authors: Thinh Nguyen
Comments: 17 Pages.

The multi-homogeneous B´ezout number is a bound for the number of solutions of a system of multi-homogeneous polynomial equations, in a suitable product of projective spaces. Given an arbitrary, not necessarily multi-homogeneous system, one can ask for the optimal multi-homogenization that would minimize the B´ezout number. In this paper, it is proved that the problem of computing, or even estimating the optimal multi-homogeneous B´ezout number is actually NP-hard. In terms of approximation theory for combinatorial optimization, the problem of computing the best multi-homogeneous structure does not belong to APX, unless P = NP. Moreover, polynomial time algorithms for estimating the minimal multihomogeneous B´ezout number up to a fixed factor cannot exist even in a randomized setting, unless BPP⊇NP.
Category: Functions and Analysis

[303] viXra:1806.0357 [pdf] replaced on 2018-07-05 06:49:32

Neutron New Model

Authors: Antonio Puccini
Comments: 35 Pages.

Initially the neutron (N) was considered made by the very close union of a proton (P) and an electron (e), i.e. a doublet:〔P, e〕. This is the electron capture process, which involves also an electronic neutrino (e): e+ P  N + e. This neutronization reaction occurs continuously in reality: in the Neutron Stars, or in the stellar and explosive nucleosynthesis, creating all the elements of the Periodic Table. Later it was found that some principles of Quantum Mechanics did not allow the presence of e in the nucleus, since e acquiring an energy of ~140 MeV immediately goes away. However, it was not considered that the electron capture occurs just because the e involved is provided with a relativistic energy: ~200 MeV. This explains why this bond lasts for hundreds of millions of years, as in the Neutron Stars. Then it emerged that the Spin Statistics categorically imposed that the N was a fermion, rather than a boson (if it was a doublet). However, if we considered the N as a multiplet, made of 3 particles with half-integer spin, the N would continue to be a fermion safeguarding, likewise, the Spin Statistics and making exhaustive and much more congruous the electron capture equation. It is therefore necessary to integrate the photoannihilation processes (γe+ῡe) to the neutronization, so that: e+P+γe+P+ῡe+eN+e; as we can see, N is equivalent to the multiplet [e, P, ῡe]. However, the N decay (N P+e+ῡe) is energetically unbalanced, since the mass of a ῡe is  5.8eV, against an energy gap between 0.7828-0.511MeV. The only possible solution to solve this striking mass gap problem could be given by a possible neutral electron (e°), or rather its anti-particle: the ē°. Thus the N multiplet (or neutral compound P) would be balanced too: N = [e, P, ē°].
Category: Astrophysics

[302] viXra:1806.0356 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-25 02:14:45

(LM Version 1.0 20.06.2018 12 Pages) Leadmuse a New Experimental Music Notation Software (Under Construction) Based on a New Simple and Practical Numerical Musical Notation System (NMNS) and a Modular Periodic Bilinear (Musical) Staff (MPBS)

Authors: Andrei Lucian Dragoi
Comments: 12 Pages.

This paper presents “LeadMuse” (LM), a new experimental music notation software (under construction) for rapid writing of music lead sheets (LSs) aka fake sheets (containing notes, chords and lyrics), created by the author in Visual Basic 6 (VB6). LM proposes a new simple and practical numerical (/numbered/integer/cipher) musical notation system (NMNS) (for rapid music lead sheets writing on any desktop or mobile device) and a modular periodic bilinear (musical) staff (MPBS) based on the microtonalist Leo de Vries’ “diatonic twinline” musical staff (proposed in 1986) with cancellation of both musical clefs, alterations signs and keys and unification of both vocal and all instrumental musical notation systems. 4 sample lead sheets edited in LM are also included in this paper. Keywords: LeadMuse (LM), Visual Basic 6 (VB6), numerical (/numbered/integer/cipher) musical notation system (NMNS), music lead sheets, desktop, mobile device, modular periodic bilinear (musical) staff (MPBS), Leo de Vries’ “diatonic twinline” musical staff, cancellation of both musical clefs, alterations signs and keys; unification of both vocal and all instrumental musical notation systems;
Category: Education and Didactics

[301] viXra:1806.0355 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-25 02:51:44

(DCTM Version 1.0 19.05.2018 5 Pages) a Simple Digital Consciousness Toy Model (DCTM) Applicable to All Multicellular Life Forms and Based on a Multi-Level Competitive Hierarchical Organization of Biological Cells in General (Including Neurons)

Authors: Andrei Lucian Dragoi
Comments: 5 Pages.

This paper presents a simple digital consciousness toy model (DCTM) applicable to all multicellular life forms and based on a multi-level competitive hierarchical organization of biological cells in general (including neurons). Consciousness (CON) is defined by Merriam-Webster dictionary as “the state or quality of awareness, or, of being aware of an external object or something within oneself”. DCTM is a small set of (re)definitions and principles (statements/assumptions of the model) offering relatively many potential explanations and predictions that are testable in the future.
Category: Mind Science

[300] viXra:1806.0354 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-25 02:54:03

(Asea in DMD Version 1.0 26.05.2018 10 Pages) the Clinical and Biological Effects of Asea Ionized Water /"redox Supplement" (Co-Administered with L-Carnitine and Omega-3 Fatty Acids Plus Multivitamins Dietary Supplements) in a ~3-Year-Old Boy with D

Authors: Andrei Lucian Dragoi
Comments: 10 Pages.

This paper presents a case report on the clinical and biological effects of “ASEA redox supplement” (ASEA-rs) oral solution (co-administered with L-carnitine and omega-3 fatty acids plus multivitamins dietary supplements) in a ~3-year-old boy with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) from Romania. ASEA-rs was tested on both animals and humans. In vitro studies on various human cells showed that ASEA-rs is a very potent NRF2 selective activator (with transient effect): the studies conducted in vivo (on both animals and humans) also support this main pharmacological mechanism of ASEA-rs, with no toxicity up to high doses (in contrast with corticosteroids which are usually reserved in Romania for DMD children with age above 4 years, given their toxicity profile and adverse effects including immunosuppression, growth delay, osteopenia, osteoporosis and overweight) and a satisfactory bioavailability especially in the vital organs (in which NRF2 also reaches its highest intracellular cytoplasmatic concentrations), which assures the strong NRF2 activation effects of ASEA-rs indirectly observed in vivo. ASEA was clearly demonstrated to activate tissular lipases (probably also via NRF2 pathway) and to significantly increase some fatty acids serum levels that are further internalized by skeletal muscles and myocardium and used as “fuel” by muscular cells (myocytes) (and cardiomyocytes), partially sparing the glycogen reserves of myocytes/cardiomyocytes and so raising the resistance of skeletal muscles to effort and possibly the resistance and contractility of myocardium. Based on its demonstrated potent selective NRF2 activation effect, its beneficial effects on muscle effort resistance and its safety profile, I have prescribed ASEA-rs to this ~3-year-old child with DMD, with a minimal set of clinical signs at his age, but with significant biological alternations in the biochemical markers of muscular damage (rhabdomyolysis): the results (after the first 3 months with ASEA-rs, associated with L-carnitine and omega-3 fatty acids plus multivitamins supplements) were a significant reduction in the creatine (phospho)kinase (CK/CPK) and CK-MB isoform serum levels. Keywords: ASEA redox supplement (ASEA-rs) oral solution, 3-year-old boy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), Romania, NRF2 selective activator, tissular lipase activator, skeletal muscles and myocytes, myocardium and cardiomyocytes, corticosteroids, creatine (phospho)kinase (CK/CPK), CK-MB isoform
Category: Biochemistry

[299] viXra:1806.0353 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-25 02:58:27

(DFC Version 1.0 11 Pages 17.06.2018) a New Conjecture on the Divisor Summatory Function Offering a Much Higher Prediction Accuracy Than Dirichlet's Divisor Problem Approach

Authors: Andrei Lucian Dragoi
Comments: 11 Pages.

This paper presents a new conjecture on the divisor summatory function (also in relation with prime numbers), offering a much higher prediction accuracy than Dirichlet's divisor problem approach. Keywords: conjecture; divisor function; divisor summatory function; prime numbers; Dirichlet's divisor problem
Category: Number Theory

[298] viXra:1806.0352 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-25 04:37:21

Proton Therapy

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 53 Pages.

Researchers have moved closer to the real-time verification of hadron therapy, demonstrating the in vivo accuracy of simulations that predict particle range in the patient. [29] A biomimetic nanosystem can deliver therapeutic proteins to selectively target cancerous tumors, according to a team of Penn State researchers. [28] Sunlight is essential for all life, and living organisms have evolved to sense and respond to light. [27] Using X-ray laser technology, a team led by researchers of the Paul Scherrer Institute PSI has recorded one of the fastest processes in biology. [26] A Virginia Commonwealth University researcher has developed a procedure for identifying the source of cells present in a forensic biological sample that could change how cell types are identified in samples across numerous industries. [25] In work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland in College Park, researchers have devised and demonstrated a new way to measure free energy. [24] A novel technique developed by researchers at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) will help shine new light on biological questions by improving the quality and quantity of information that can be extracted in fluorescence microscopy. [23] Micro-computed tomography or "micro-CT" is X-ray imaging in 3-D, by the same method used in hospital CT (or "CAT") scans, but on a small scale with massively increased resolution. [22] A new experimental method permits the X-ray analysis of amyloids, a class of large, filamentous biomolecules which are an important hallmark of diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. [12] Thumb through any old science textbook, and you'll likely find RNA described as little more than a means to an end, a kind of molecular scratch paper used to construct the proteins encoded in DNA. [20]
Category: Physics of Biology

[297] viXra:1806.0350 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-23 06:07:20

Microelectrode Array Sensors

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 52 Pages.

Microelectrodes can be used for direct measurement of electrical signals in the brain or heart. [29] An international team of researchers have developed a low-cost sensor made from semiconducting plastic that can be used to diagnose or monitor a wide range of health conditions, such as surgical complications or neurodegenerative diseases. [28] Thanks to an unorthodox approach being proposed by EPFL researchers, patients may soon be able to track their illness simply by drinking a solution containing millions of tiny electronic sensors disguised as bacteria. [27] Using X-ray laser technology, a team led by researchers of the Paul Scherrer Institute PSI has recorded one of the fastest processes in biology. [26] A Virginia Commonwealth University researcher has developed a procedure for identifying the source of cells present in a forensic biological sample that could change how cell types are identified in samples across numerous industries. [25] In work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland in College Park, researchers have devised and demonstrated a new way to measure free energy. [24] A novel technique developed by researchers at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) will help shine new light on biological questions by improving the quality and quantity of information that can be extracted in fluorescence microscopy. [23] Micro-computed tomography or "micro-CT" is X-ray imaging in 3-D, by the same method used in hospital CT (or "CAT") scans, but on a small scale with massively increased resolution. [22] A new experimental method permits the X-ray analysis of amyloids, a class of large, filamentous biomolecules which are an important hallmark of diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. [12] Thumb through any old science textbook, and you'll likely find RNA described as little more than a means to an end, a kind of molecular scratch paper used to construct the proteins encoded in DNA. [20]
Category: Physics of Biology

[296] viXra:1806.0348 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-23 07:42:12

Data Ethics

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 38 Pages.

But moral questions about what data should be collected and how it should be used are only the beginning. [23] A self-driving vehicle has to detect objects, track them over time, and predict where they will be in the future in order to plan a safe manoeuvre. [22] In order to improve world food conditions, a team around computer science professor Kristian Kersting was inspired by the technology behind Google News. [21] Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is one of a number of biophysical techniques used for determining the structural characteristics of biomolecules. [20] A deep neural network running on an ordinary desktop computer is interpreting highly technical data related to national security as well as—and sometimes better than—today's best automated methods or even human experts. [19] Scientists at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA), located at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, have pioneered the use of GPU-accelerated deep learning for rapid detection and characterization of gravitational waves. [18] Researchers from Queen Mary University of London have developed a mathematical model for the emergence of innovations. [17] Quantum computers can be made to utilize effects such as quantum coherence and entanglement to accelerate machine learning. [16] Neural networks learn how to carry out certain tasks by analyzing large amounts of data displayed to them. [15]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[295] viXra:1806.0347 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-23 11:14:53

Regulation of Oligopeptide Transporter Pept1 (Slc15a1) in Disease and Application in Clinical Nutrition

Authors: Ming-Yi Liu
Comments: 11 Pages.

Many studies have demonstrated the di- and tripeptides is a major mechanism by which the digestion products of proteins are absorbed. The oligopeptide transporter PepT1 is localized to the brush-border membrane and mediates the absorption in mammalian intestine. Recently, regulations of PepT1 activity by a variety of pathological conditions have been studied. Critical illness, malnutrition and metabolic disorder could induce the modulation of protein and gene expressions of PepT1. We reviewed and analyzed by searching PubMed, google scholar database and reference literature to provide a theoretical basis for clinical nutrition support.
Category: Physics of Biology

[294] viXra:1806.0346 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-23 11:15:18

Brainwaves Controlling Robots

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 28 Pages.

Getting robots to do things isn't easy: usually scientists have to either explicitly program them or get them to understand how humans communicate via language. [18] Behind every self-driving car, self-learning robot and smart building hides a variety of advanced algorithms that control learning and decision making. [17] Quantum computers can be made to utilize effects such as quantum coherence and entanglement to accelerate machine learning. [16] Neural networks learn how to carry out certain tasks by analyzing large amounts of data displayed to them. [15] Who is the better experimentalist, a human or a robot? When it comes to exploring synthetic and crystallization conditions for inorganic gigantic molecules, actively learning machines are clearly ahead, as demonstrated by British Scientists in an experiment with polyoxometalates published in the journal Angewandte Chemie. [14] Machine learning algorithms are designed to improve as they encounter more data, making them a versatile technology for understanding large sets of photos such as those accessible from Google Images. Elizabeth Holm, professor of materials science and engineering at Carnegie Mellon University, is leveraging this technology to better understand the enormous number of research images accumulated in the field of materials science. [13] With the help of artificial intelligence, chemists from the University of Basel in Switzerland have computed the characteristics of about two million crystals made up of four chemical elements. The researchers were able to identify 90 previously unknown thermodynamically stable crystals that can be regarded as new materials. [12] The artificial intelligence system's ability to set itself up quickly every morning and compensate for any overnight fluctuations would make this fragile technology much more useful for field measurements, said co-lead researcher Dr Michael Hush from UNSW ADFA. [11] Quantum physicist Mario Krenn and his colleagues in the group of Anton Zeilinger from the Faculty of Physics at the University of Vienna and the Austrian Academy of Sciences have developed an algorithm which designs new useful quantum experiments. As the computer does not rely on human intuition, it finds novel unfamiliar solutions. [10]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[293] viXra:1806.0345 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-23 11:19:49

The Convection Principle of Life Formation

Authors: Jeffrey Joseph Wolynski
Comments: 2 Pages.

A branch to the volume principle of life formation is offered. Essentially to form life, not only are large volumes of moving fluid required, whether it is gas or liquid material, but that that fluid needs to convect on large scales. This signals large scale heat transfer, which can be removed from needing to orbit a hotter host.
Category: Physics of Biology

[292] viXra:1806.0344 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-23 22:48:20

Метод описания динамики системы, позволяющий обойти "скрытые параметры"

Authors: Aleksey A. Demidov
Comments: 7 Pages.

The third approach (in addition to Schroedinger and Diraс) is proposed to description of dynamics of quantum system.
Category: Quantum Physics

[291] viXra:1806.0343 [pdf] replaced on 2018-10-17 05:53:11

Multi-barycenter Mechanics, N-body Problem and Rotation of Galaxies and Stars

Authors: Hong Lai Zhu
Comments: 19 Pages.

In this paper, the establishment of a systematic multi-barycenter mechanics is based on the multi-particle mechanics. The new theory perfects the basic theoretical system of classical mechanics, which discovers the law of mutual interaction between particle groups, reveals the limitations of Newton's third law, finds the principle of the internal relationship between gravity and tidal force, reasonably explains the origin and change laws for the rotation angular momentum of galaxies and stars and so on. By applying new theory, the N-body problem can be transformed into a special two-body problem and for which a simulation solution method is proposed, the motion law of each particle can be roughly obtained.
Category: Classical Physics

[290] viXra:1806.0341 [pdf] replaced on 2018-06-27 23:24:00

Holographic Permanent Cosmology in Quantized Absolute Space-Time

Authors: F. M. Sanchez, V.A. Kotov, M. Grosmann
Comments: 6 Pages.

Using the electron wavelength as unity, and writing the Large Number Correlation in a micro-macro-physics symmetric way, this leads to the Topological Axis, showing the string characteristic series n = 2 + 4p exhibiting the Cartan-Bott periodicity connecting gauge bosons. This permits to observe very precise (10^-6) relations involving basic free-parameters of Particle Physics, tied to the Kotov's period. The associated time to the point n = 30 is observed to be directly obtained by two different mandatory methods, and is directly related to the Kotov's period and the Monster order. This time 5.48 × 10^57 s could be a large cosmic period. This lacking point n = 30 would correspond to a symmetry between a holon, a gauge boson with the Universe mass, and the Holographic Grandcosmos: string theory could be revisited on this basis with a quantified time 10^61 smaller than the Planck time. The Holic Principle, the arithmetical form of Holography, applies to cosmology. This means the ultimate physics laws are arithmetic, in a quantized absolute Space-Time, where the reshift period 72 km/s takes a central place.
Category: Astrophysics

[289] viXra:1806.0340 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-22 05:43:28

The rope of Time

Authors: Marco De lorenzo
Comments: 45 Pages. A sign convention between Real and Imaginary, Extension and Thought

The "represented" can not and must not modify the "form of representation": the piece of paper on which we choose to draw will keep the mutual distance between its squares unchanged regardless of the speed with which we trace the furrow with the pencil, in how much time is not contemplated in postulated geometry.
Category: Classical Physics

[288] viXra:1806.0339 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-22 06:21:33

Some Remarks on the Clique Problem

Authors: Thinh Nguyen
Comments: 3 Pages.

We survey some information about the clique problem - one of the cornerstone of the field of research in theory of algorithms. A short note at the end of the paper should be read with care on the reader’s own.
Category: General Mathematics

[287] viXra:1806.0338 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-22 06:37:14

Independency of the Provability of Cliques

Authors: Holger H. Hoo
Comments: 27 Pages.

In this paper, we introduce DLS-MC, a new stochastic local search algorithm for the maximum clique problem. DLS-MC alternates between phases of iterative improvement, during which suitable vertices are added to the current clique, and plateau search, during which vertices of the current clique are swapped with vertices not contained in the current clique. The selection of vertices is solely based on vertex penalties that are dynamically adjusted during the search, and a perturbation mechanism is used to overcome search stagnation. The behaviour of DLS-MC is controlled by a single parameter, penalty delay, which controls the frequency at which vertex penalties are reduced. We show empirically that DLSMC achieves substantial performance improvements over state-of-the-art algorithms for the maximum clique problem over a large range of the commonly used DIMACS benchmark instances.
Category: Set Theory and Logic

[286] viXra:1806.0337 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-22 06:40:33

Quark-Gluon Plasma Quantum Rotation

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 71 Pages.

Quark-gluon plasma is formed as a result of high-energy collisions of heavy ions. [40] The authors designed a mechanism based on the deployment of a transport barrier to confine the particles and prevent them from moving from one region of the accelerator to another. [39] "There is strong experimental evidence that there is indeed some new physics lurking in the lepton sector," Dev said. [38] Now, in a new result unveiled today at the Neutrino 2018 conference in Heidelberg, Germany, the collaboration has announced its first results using antineutrinos, and has seen strong evidence of muon antineutrinos oscillating into electron antineutrinos over long distances, a phenomenon that has never been unambiguously observed. [37] The Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum Experiment (PROSPECT) has completed the installation of a novel antineutrino detector that will probe the possible existence of a new form of matter. [36] The MINERvA collaboration analyzed data from the interactions of an antineutrino— the antimatter partner of a neutrino—with a nucleus. [35] The inclusion of short-range interactions in models of neutrinoless double-beta decay could impact the interpretation of experimental searches for the elusive decay. [34] The occasional decay of neutrons into dark matter particles could solve a long-standing discrepancy in neutron decay experiments. [33] The U.S. Department of Energy has approved funding and start of construction for the SuperCDMS SNOLAB experiment, which will begin operations in the early 2020s to hunt for hypothetical dark matter particles called weakly interacting massive particles, or WIMPs. [32] Thanks to low-noise superconducting quantum amplifiers invented at the University of California, Berkeley, physicists are now embarking on the most sensitive search yet for axions, one of today's top candidates for dark matter. [31]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[285] viXra:1806.0336 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-22 07:08:11

Independence of Clique Problems

Authors: Thinh Nguyen
Comments: 27 Pages.

A polynomial algorithm is “faster” than an exponential algorithm. As n grows an (exponential) always grows faster than nk (polynomial), i.e. for any values of a and k, after n> certain integer n0, it is true that an > nk. Even 2^n grows faster than n1000 at some large value of n. The former functions are exponential and the later functions are polynomial. It seems that for some problems we just may not have any polynomial algorithm at all (as in the information theoretic bound)! The theory of NPcompleteness is about this issue, and in general the computational complexity theory addresses it.
Category: Combinatorics and Graph Theory

[284] viXra:1806.0335 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-22 07:16:38

Stereo Photoelectric Effect

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 49 Pages.

Researchers at ETH have now used attosecond laser pulses to measure the time evolution of this effect in molecules. [30] A new benchmark quantum chemical calculation of C2, Si2, and their hydrides reveals a qualitative difference in the topologies of core electron orbitals of organic molecules and their silicon analogues. [29] A University of Central Florida team has designed a nanostructured optical sensor that for the first time can efficiently detect molecular chirality—a property of molecular spatial twist that defines its biochemical properties. [28] UCLA scientists and engineers have developed a new process for assembling semiconductor devices. [27] A new experiment that tests the limit of how large an object can be before it ceases to behave quantum mechanically has been proposed by physicists in the UK and India. [26] Phonons are discrete units of vibrational energy predicted by quantum mechanics that correspond to collective oscillations of atoms inside a molecule or a crystal. [25] This achievement is considered as an important landmark for the realization of practical application of photon upconversion technology. [24] Considerable interest in new single-photon detector technologies has been scaling in this past decade. [23] Engineers develop key mathematical formula for driving quantum experiments. [22] Physicists are developing quantum simulators, to help solve problems that are beyond the reach of conventional computers. [21] Engineers at Australia's University of New South Wales have invented a radical new architecture for quantum computing, based on novel 'flip-flop qubits', that promises to make the large-scale manufacture of quantum chips dramatically cheaper-and easier-than thought possible. [20]
Category: Quantum Physics

[283] viXra:1806.0334 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-22 07:41:06

Nonlinear Resonances Analysis of a RLC Series Circuit Modeled by a Modified Van der Pol Oscillator

Authors: Y.J F.Kpomahou, C. Midiwanou, R. G. Agbokpanzo, L. A. Hinvi, D.K.K. Adjaï
Comments: 20 pages

In this paper, the nonlinear resonances analysis of a RLC series circuit modeled by a modified Van der Pol oscillator is investigated. After establishing of a new general class of nonlinear ordinary differential equation, a forced Van der Pol oscillator subjected to an inertial nonlinearity is derived. From this equation the multiple scales method is used to find the various resonant states. As analytical results primary resonance, sub-harmonic resonance of order 1/3 and super-harmonic resonance of order 3 are obtained. The steady-state solutions and theirs stabilities are determined. Numerical simulations display bistability, hysteresis, jump and bifurcation phenomena. The effects of different parameters on the system behavior are investigated and results are presented graphically and discussed.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[282] viXra:1806.0332 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-22 08:50:37

Artificial Intelligence Hunger

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 34 Pages.

In order to improve world food conditions, a team around computer science professor Kristian Kersting was inspired by the technology behind Google News. [21] Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is one of a number of biophysical techniques used for determining the structural characteristics of biomolecules. [20] A deep neural network running on an ordinary desktop computer is interpreting highly technical data related to national security as well as—and sometimes better than— today's best automated methods or even human experts. [19] Scientists at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA), located at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, have pioneered the use of GPU-accelerated deep learning for rapid detection and characterization of gravitational waves. [18] Researchers from Queen Mary University of London have developed a mathematical model for the emergence of innovations. [17] Quantum computers can be made to utilize effects such as quantum coherence and entanglement to accelerate machine learning. [16] Neural networks learn how to carry out certain tasks by analyzing large amounts of data displayed to them. [15] Who is the better experimentalist, a human or a robot? When it comes to exploring synthetic and crystallization conditions for inorganic gigantic molecules, actively learning machines are clearly ahead, as demonstrated by British Scientists in an experiment with polyoxometalates published in the journal Angewandte Chemie. [14] Machine learning algorithms are designed to improve as they encounter more data, making them a versatile technology for understanding large sets of photos such as those accessible from Google Images. Elizabeth Holm, professor of materials science and engineering at Carnegie Mellon University, is leveraging this technology to better understand the enormous number of research images accumulated in the field of materials science. [13] With the help of artificial intelligence, chemists from the University of Basel in Switzerland have computed the characteristics of about two million crystals made up of four chemical elements. The researchers were able to identify 90 previously unknown thermodynamically stable crystals that can be regarded as new materials. [12]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[281] viXra:1806.0331 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-22 10:33:02

The How Energy from Chaos Becomes ,the Spin of Monads ,their Energy – Stores , and Photons

Authors: Markos Georgallides
Comments: 112 Pages.

Present article allowed me to elucidate , the Essence , of what is said for Geometry and Physics . In geometry Point P , is nothing and is possessing Zero-magnitude and Infinite directions. In Material-Geometry , Point is the minimum-energy-cave ,r, in space possessing cave`s ,r, magnitude which is eternally existing from the internal-rotation ≡ motion , of any two Opposites [+ , - ] . Because of this , Material-point is a Quaternion measuring so much the cave`s , r, magnitude as well as the internal eternal-motion which is an oscillatory motion in , n , lobes . In geometry , two Points A,B consist the line-Segment , possessing the |AB| magnitude and AB direction. Euclidean-vector → |AB| , carries Point A to point B , possessing the |AB| magnitude and the two opposite directions → AB , BA ← respectively . Material-Quaternion or , monad |AB| = z = a + bi , carries motion from Material-point A , to Material point B , where this motion called Work ≡ Spin and is never annihilated . The non-annihilation of Work ≡ motion , is due to the fact that this happens in the finite –space , r , which is a Stationary-Wave pattern , and thus is the way of Transporting Energy . In E-Geometry Three Points A , B , P, consist the Plane ABP , i.e. the line AB and point P , not on AB and triangle ABP , which is the Basic-Ideal-Stable-Plane Shape in all states of universe, and for Material triangle is the analogous Regular Hexagon containing all properties of E-Geometry -triangle multiplied by two . In E-Geometry Four Points A , B , C , P, consist the Space ABCP , i.e. the Basic-Ideal-Stable and Solid-Shape which is the Tetrahedron , and is the Basic-Element for all structures as Compound-primary particles , Atoms , Molecules , Crystals , etc. N - Points A , B ,,, P,,, P_( N) , consist the Regular-N-Edges shape , ABPP_( N) , i.e. The Regular N - Edges - Polyhedrons , where points , P , P_( N) , do not coincide with the others and consist all Solid Structures. Any cave , r, containing Opposites Is a Material-Point, and into this cave exists an eternal rotation of the Positive to the Negative . This motion produces an angular-velocity-vector w, and an angular-momentum-vector , B, and the work produced is equal to 2W = w.B . Caves r , follow the Euclidean-Geometry of two points Quantization , from point zero which is nothing or the sum of two equals and opposite , to any number ,n, and to infinite. The eternal-rotation of Positive to Negative in energy-cave ,r, is proved to be , The eternal-motion which is equal to what is called The Energy from Chaos. The Spin is proved to be the above rotation on Great or on Small circles in cave , r , on the negative constituent , and is equal to the Angular-momentum-vector B of cave . Energy-storages is proved to be the n , Stationary and integer-Energy-lobes in cave , r , and which cave r , is a Stationary-wave becoming from the eternal-rotation of opposites. Photon is proved to be one of the Moving Energy-storages ,[Stationary-Energy-storage-Wave].
Category: Mathematical Physics

[280] viXra:1806.0330 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-22 11:08:32

Queens Puzzle (Russian Version)

Authors: Andrey B. Skrypnik
Comments: 13 Pages.

Complete solution of Queens Puzzle
Category: Number Theory

[279] viXra:1806.0329 [pdf] replaced on 2018-07-05 07:31:11

Is a Black hole a Neutron star?

Authors: Arieh Sher
Comments: 5 Pages.

The connection between a Black hole and a Neutron star is shown. I postulate that both bodies have the same physical structure, namely, the nucleons of both bodies are so packed that their densities are the maximum possible in the Universe. It is interesting to note that the density of the nucleus of the atom has the same structure and the same density. Neutron stars have been observed in the Universe, whereas Black holes were not. The existence of Black holes is deduced from observing motion of stars around an invisible object that has a huge mass. I postulate that the reason why a Neutron star is visible whereas a Black hole is not, is the ratio between the physical radius of the body and its Schwarzschild radius.
Category: Astrophysics

[278] viXra:1806.0328 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-22 11:41:03

Lucifer, Humanity’s Warden

Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 2 Pages.

why we NEED to get OFF this rock, Earth
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[277] viXra:1806.0327 [pdf] replaced on 2020-10-28 08:21:38

Grand Unified Theory by the Oktoquintenfield

Authors: Reinhard Kronberger
Comments: 29 Pages. [Corrections made by viXra Admin to confirm with the requirements on the Replacement Form]

I show an extension of the Standard Model and the General Relativity by the symmetries of the E9 Coxeter Group.
Category: Quantum Physics

[276] viXra:1806.0326 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-22 12:30:06

On the New Method for Finding Sum of an Infinite Series in Which 1/n (N∈N) is Common from Every Term Such that N→∞

Authors: Tejas Chandrakant Thakare
Comments: 3 Pages. Please feel free to comment on this study

Using method of integration as the limit of sum we can easily evaluate sum of an infinite series in which 1/n is common from every term such that n→∞ (n∈N). However in this method we do some rigorous calculations before integration. In this paper, in order to minimize the labor involved in this process I propose an alternative new method for finding the sum of an infinite series in which 1/n is common from every term such that n→∞.
Category: Functions and Analysis

[275] viXra:1806.0324 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-22 15:01:00

An HCE8S Flow Diagram Including the Z(4430) Tetraquark

Authors: George R. Briggs
Comments: 3 Pages.

Abstract: A forward-time, reverse-time energy cycle of the 8th cycle of an HCE8S universe for a full loop of the cycle is shown incorporating the Z(4430) tetraquark both as normal matter and DM
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[274] viXra:1806.0323 [pdf] replaced on 2018-07-07 04:45:34

Quake Tomato: Strange Electrical Signals from a Tomato Plant in Taiwan Five Days Before the 2008 Sichuan M8.0 Earthquake

Authors: Dyson Lin
Comments: 5 Pages. I fixed two English grammar errors. Now I think the paper is in its final form.

Five days before the 2008 Sichuan M8.0 Earthquake, I observed strange electrical signals from a tomato plant in Yilan, Taiwan. That opened my door to quake forecast. Since then, I observed electrical signals of plants, tofu, soil, water or air to predict earthquakes. I successfully predicted a lot of quakes. Now I have about 30 quake forecast stations all over the world. I will publish a series of papers for my discoveries in the past 10 years. This paper is the start of the series. I am Founder and CEO of Taiwan Quake Forecast Institute.
Category: Geophysics

[273] viXra:1806.0322 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-22 21:54:27

Body and Soul in Physics

Authors: Kiyoung Kim
Comments: 17 Pages.

What is the nature of mind? This question has been asked for a long time, maybe, since the beginning of human history on Earth. It is about what is the reality of mind and how it is connected to physical body. Being interpreted with new paradigm of physics, in which physical phenomena is not complete by itself but connected to ontological reality of nature or essential nature behind all physical phenomena, the human mind is not just a mental process originated in physical body, but it is also being connected to ontological body and making it interact with the physical body. Here, the ontological body should be the soul or spirit of human being that has been considered as something supernatural. In philosophical term, it corresponds to physicalism that is ontological monism including physical energy in materialism. New type of physical interaction, subtle-spin-string wave interaction, is proposed to explain the physical process of quantum entanglement. Moreover, with the new type of physical interaction, subtle energy is also explained what it is and how it works with physical body, in which the subtle energy has been mentioned for a long time in many fields such as oriental medicine, acupuncture, meditations, etc.; nevertheless, it has been regarded as a pseudoscience in scientific consensus.
Category: History and Philosophy of Physics

[272] viXra:1806.0320 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-23 01:32:07

Drinkable Electronic Sensors

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 50 Pages.

Thanks to an unorthodox approach being proposed by EPFL researchers, patients may soon be able to track their illness simply by drinking a solution containing millions of tiny electronic sensors disguised as bacteria. [27] Using X-ray laser technology, a team led by researchers of the Paul Scherrer Institute PSI has recorded one of the fastest processes in biology. [26] A Virginia Commonwealth University researcher has developed a procedure for identifying the source of cells present in a forensic biological sample that could change how cell types are identified in samples across numerous industries. [25] In work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland in College Park, researchers have devised and demonstrated a new way to measure free energy. [24] A novel technique developed by researchers at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) will help shine new light on biological questions by improving the quality and quantity of information that can be extracted in fluorescence microscopy. [23] Micro-computed tomography or "micro-CT" is X-ray imaging in 3-D, by the same method used in hospital CT (or "CAT") scans, but on a small scale with massively increased resolution. [22] A new experimental method permits the X-ray analysis of amyloids, a class of large, filamentous biomolecules which are an important hallmark of diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. [12] Thumb through any old science textbook, and you'll likely find RNA described as little more than a means to an end, a kind of molecular scratch paper used to construct the proteins encoded in DNA. [20] Just like any long polymer chain, DNA tends to form knots. Using technology that allows them to stretch DNA molecules and image the behavior of these knots, MIT researchers have discovered, for the first time, the factors that determine whether a knot moves along the strand or "jams" in place. [19]
Category: Physics of Biology

[271] viXra:1806.0319 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-23 01:36:29

On Dirac Negative Mass and Magnetic Monopole

Authors: Vu B Ho
Comments: 9 Pages.

In this work first we discuss the possibility of existence of Dirac negative mass and magnetic monopole by formulating Dirac and Maxwell equations from a symmetrical system of linear first order partial differential equations. Then, by establishing a complete symmetry between space and time, in particular their dual dynamics, we show that the existence of negative mass is the result of dynamical symmetry between space and time, and magnetic monopole is a manifestation of the temporal topological structure of an elementary particle classified by the homotopy group of closed surfaces. We also show that the quantum relationship between the electric charge and the magnetic charge obtained by Dirac can be derived by imposing a topological relationship between the Gaussian curvatures of the temporal and spatial manifolds.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[270] viXra:1806.0318 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-23 02:46:40

Plastic Sensors of Health Conditions

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 51 Pages.

An international team of researchers have developed a low-cost sensor made from semiconducting plastic that can be used to diagnose or monitor a wide range of health conditions, such as surgical complications or neurodegenerative diseases. [28] Thanks to an unorthodox approach being proposed by EPFL researchers, patients may soon be able to track their illness simply by drinking a solution containing millions of tiny electronic sensors disguised as bacteria. [27] Using X-ray laser technology, a team led by researchers of the Paul Scherrer Institute PSI has recorded one of the fastest processes in biology. [26] A Virginia Commonwealth University researcher has developed a procedure for identifying the source of cells present in a forensic biological sample that could change how cell types are identified in samples across numerous industries. [25] In work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland in College Park, researchers have devised and demonstrated a new way to measure free energy. [24] A novel technique developed by researchers at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) will help shine new light on biological questions by improving the quality and quantity of information that can be extracted in fluorescence microscopy. [23] Micro-computed tomography or "micro-CT" is X-ray imaging in 3-D, by the same method used in hospital CT (or "CAT") scans, but on a small scale with massively increased resolution. [22] A new experimental method permits the X-ray analysis of amyloids, a class of large, filamentous biomolecules which are an important hallmark of diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. [12] Thumb through any old science textbook, and you'll likely find RNA described as little more than a means to an end, a kind of molecular scratch paper used to construct the proteins encoded in DNA. [20]
Category: Physics of Biology

[269] viXra:1806.0317 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-23 03:25:20

Excalibur, a Spirit Sword

Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 1 Page.

how to defeat the Devil on Earth forever
Category: Religion and Spiritualism

[268] viXra:1806.0316 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-23 03:34:58

A Very Simple Single Electron Lamb Shift Approximation

Authors: Espen Gaarder Haug
Comments: 3 Pages.

The Lamb shift was discovered by Willis Lamb and measured for the first time in 1947 by Lamb and Rutherford [1, 2, 3] on the hydrogen microwave spectrum. We suggest that the Lamb shift can be approximated by a very simple function that seems accurate enough for most experimenters working with elements where relativistic effects of the electron are minimal, that is up to element 80 or so. Even if our new approximation does not show anything new in physics, we think it can be useful for experimenters and students of quantum physics and chemistry; now everyone can calculate the Lamb shift on the back of an envelope.
Category: Quantum Physics

[267] viXra:1806.0314 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-23 05:17:26

Automated Driving Algorithm

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 36 Pages.

A self-driving vehicle has to detect objects, track them over time, and predict where they will be in the future in order to plan a safe manoeuvre. [22] In order to improve world food conditions, a team around computer science professor Kristian Kersting was inspired by the technology behind Google News. [21] Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is one of a number of biophysical techniques used for determining the structural characteristics of biomolecules. [20] A deep neural network running on an ordinary desktop computer is interpreting highly technical data related to national security as well as—and sometimes better than— today's best automated methods or even human experts. [19] Scientists at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA), located at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, have pioneered the use of GPU-accelerated deep learning for rapid detection and characterization of gravitational waves. [18] Researchers from Queen Mary University of London have developed a mathematical model for the emergence of innovations. [17] Quantum computers can be made to utilize effects such as quantum coherence and entanglement to accelerate machine learning. [16] Neural networks learn how to carry out certain tasks by analyzing large amounts of data displayed to them. [15] Who is the better experimentalist, a human or a robot? When it comes to exploring synthetic and crystallization conditions for inorganic gigantic molecules, actively learning machines are clearly ahead, as demonstrated by British Scientists in an experiment with polyoxometalates published in the journal Angewandte Chemie. [14] Machine learning algorithms are designed to improve as they encounter more data, making them a versatile technology for understanding large sets of photos such as those accessible from Google Images. Elizabeth Holm, professor of materials science and engineering at Carnegie Mellon University, is leveraging this technology to better understand the enormous number of research images accumulated in the field of materials science. [13] With the help of artificial intelligence, chemists from the University of Basel in Switzerland have computed the characteristics of about two million crystals made up of four chemical elements. The researchers were able to identify 90 previously unknown thermodynamically stable crystals that can be regarded as new materials. [12]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[266] viXra:1806.0313 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-21 11:33:56

Theory of Everything Part Four on Gases and Liquids (Continued)

Authors: Yahya Awad Sharif Mohammed
Comments: 2 Pages. Author's Email: yahya-sharif@hotmail.com

continuing in explaining gases and liquids according to my new theory of everything, my theory of everything part three link : http://vixra.org/abs/1806.0157
Category: Classical Physics

[265] viXra:1806.0312 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-21 11:47:31

The Holomorphic Quantum Theory Part 1

Authors: Theodore J. St. John
Comments: 11 Pages.

Motion is a form of energy that can be described mathematically and graphically as the ratio of a change in space with respect to a change in time. It can also be described as the ratio of temporal frequency (inverse time) to spatial frequency (inverse space). Graphically, these are conformal projections of a single concept (motion) onto two pairs of orthogonal scales. The first pair is linear and the second is the inverse of the first. If the speed of light is the motion being projected, then all four scales are graphically linked by the diagonal line (the “world line” in Minkowski terminology). By graphing both pairs on the same graph, I pair up the linear temporal scale with the inverse spatial frequency scale at the first increment, t = 1 = fs, on the horizontal axis and then pair up the linear spatial scale with the inverse temporal frequency scale at s = 1 = ft on the vertical axis. Then I scaled the inverse domain by Planck’s constant (2 pi) in natural units and identified these as the energy of a quantum unit, E=hft on the horizontal and E=hcfs on the vertical. Each axis therefore represents the Hermitian adjoint of two domains, the linear domain and its inverse. Then I represented each frequency domain as a circle (polar coordinates), which is a conformal projection of its corresponding linear domain, and thus a conformal back-projection of motion. Since I scaled each inverse scale by 2pi they each represent the circle of convergence of the exponential function eR which has a radius of convergence at R=2pi. The pair of circles is superimposed at the origin of the S-T domain so their superposition, the product of these two circles, represents a plane wave as the quantum wave function. This quantum unit is what I identified as a holomorphic unit. The reflections of motion from the linear space-time domain are phase-shifted enough that they converge at a point (1/c2), that is offset from the origin by a scale factor of 1/c, which is the fine-structure constant in natural units. The spatial offset from the zero spatial frequency locus provides the spatial frequency grating necessary to form a holographic image. The shift in the phase also creates a difference between the divergent projection (the projection of motion outward) and the gradient of the inverse domain, which produces the curl-field resulting in a field that has morphed into a particle with a physical boundary.
Category: Quantum Physics

[264] viXra:1806.0311 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-21 11:55:05

The Holomorphic Quantum Theory Part 2

Authors: Theodore J. St. John
Comments: 12 Pages.

This is the second part of a four-part presentation. In part 1 I introduced a relational model that allowed me to demonstrate the equivalence of space and time as S=Tc^2 and showed that S represents energy as the product of scalar space with spatial frequency and T represents energy as the product of time units with temporal frequency. Doing so revealed the equations for quantum energy of a particle to be the inverse domains scaled by Planck’s constant. In this context, they served as two components (base vectors) of a quantum wave function (a composite space-time vector). In this part, I will continue to develop the model and discuss how the projection of a unified concept onto a plane that represents their separation creates a scaling problem that can be dealt with a different ways.
Category: Quantum Physics

[263] viXra:1806.0310 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-21 11:57:50

The Holomorphic Quantum Theory Part 3

Authors: Theodore J. St. John
Comments: 23 Pages.

This is the third part of a four-part presentation. Part 1 introduced a relational model that allowed us to demonstrate the equivalence of space and time as S=Tc^2 and showed that S represents energy as the product of scalar space with spatial frequency and T represents energy as the product of time units with temporal frequency. In this part, I continue to develop the model by replacing a the inverse scale with a polar coordinate system to solve what I call the frequency problem. By analogizing vector spaces (velocity and acceleration domain) and scalar space (space-time domain) with computer windows, I “click” to refocus the visual model on the domain of interest and show how mathematical operations, like quantum operators, transform scales and coordinates in one domain to project, translate, reflect and rotate geometric symbols in other domains and produce more complex relations (including the classical wave equation and the Klein-Gordon equation).
Category: Quantum Physics

[262] viXra:1806.0309 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-21 12:10:17

The Holomorphic Quantum Theory Part 4

Authors: Theodore J. St. John
Comments: 18 Pages.

This is final part of a 4-part presentation. In this part I focus on how the most important equations in quantum mechanics, those that are taken from statistics and encourage the Copenhagen interpretation, are really operations that reintegrate vector components of spacetime (energy in the form of motion) that had been separated and rescaled, to arrive at the desired observable in the new domain. This is presented for the purpose of supporting a better, more meaningful interpretation that leads to a demonstration of the wave structure and holomorphic nature of reality. Unlocking the mysteries of the universe means that there is a mystery, a lock and a key. Energy is the mystery, physical form (differentiated into separate units) is the lock, and recognizing the equivalence of space and time is the key. How to use that key is found in the harmony in nature through the Golden Ratio.
Category: Quantum Physics

[261] viXra:1806.0306 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-22 03:59:47

Machine Learning Biomolecules

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 33 Pages.

Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is one of a number of biophysical techniques used for determining the structural characteristics of biomolecules. [20] A deep neural network running on an ordinary desktop computer is interpreting highly technical data related to national security as well as—and sometimes better than— today's best automated methods or even human experts. [19] Scientists at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA), located at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, have pioneered the use of GPU-accelerated deep learning for rapid detection and characterization of gravitational waves. [18] Researchers from Queen Mary University of London have developed a mathematical model for the emergence of innovations. [17] Quantum computers can be made to utilize effects such as quantum coherence and entanglement to accelerate machine learning. [16] Neural networks learn how to carry out certain tasks by analyzing large amounts of data displayed to them. [15] Who is the better experimentalist, a human or a robot? When it comes to exploring synthetic and crystallization conditions for inorganic gigantic molecules, actively learning machines are clearly ahead, as demonstrated by British Scientists in an experiment with polyoxometalates published in the journal Angewandte Chemie. [14] Machine learning algorithms are designed to improve as they encounter more data, making them a versatile technology for understanding large sets of photos such as those accessible from Google Images. Elizabeth Holm, professor of materials science and engineering at Carnegie Mellon University, is leveraging this technology to better understand the enormous number of research images accumulated in the field of materials science. [13] With the help of artificial intelligence, chemists from the University of Basel in Switzerland have computed the characteristics of about two million crystals made up of four chemical elements. The researchers were able to identify 90 previously unknown thermodynamically stable crystals that can be regarded as new materials. [12] The artificial intelligence system's ability to set itself up quickly every morning and compensate for any overnight fluctuations would make this fragile technology much more useful for field measurements, said co-lead researcher Dr Michael Hush from UNSW ADFA. [11]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[260] viXra:1806.0305 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-14 05:42:11

Neutron Star Mergers

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 30 Pages.

Researchers at Oregon State University have confirmed that last fall's union of two neutron stars did in fact cause a short gamma-ray burst. [23] Quark matter – an extremely dense phase of matter made up of subatomic particles called quarks – may exist at the heart of neutron stars. [22] When a massive astrophysical object, such as a boson star or black hole, rotates, it can cause the surrounding spacetime to rotate along with it due to the effect of frame dragging. [21] Rotating black holes and computers that use quantum-mechanical phenomena to process information are topics that have fascinated science lovers for decades, but even the most innovative thinkers rarely put them together. [20] If someone were to venture into one of these relatively benign black holes, they could survive, but their past would be obliterated and they could have an infinite number of possible futures. [19] The group explains their theory in a paper published in the journal Physical Review Letters—it involves the idea of primordial black holes (PBHs) infesting the centers of neutron stars and eating them from the inside out. [18] But for rotating black holes, there's a region outside the event horizon where strange and extraordinary things can happen, and these extraordinary possibilities are the focus of a new paper in the American Physical Society journal Physical Review Letters. [17] Astronomers have constructed the first map of the universe based on the positions of supermassive black holes, which reveals the large-scale structure of the universe. [16] Astronomers want to record an image of the heart of our galaxy for the first time: a global collaboration of radio dishes is to take a detailed look at the black hole which is assumed to be located there. [15] A team of researchers from around the world is getting ready to create what might be the first image of a black hole. [14] "There seems to be a mysterious link between the amount of dark matter a galaxy holds and the size of its central black hole, even though the two operate on vastly different scales," said Akos Bogdan of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA). [13]
Category: Astrophysics

[259] viXra:1806.0302 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-21 07:02:32

New Artificial Neural Networks Method

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 47 Pages.

An international team of scientists from Eindhoven University of Technology, University of Texas at Austin, and University of Derby, has developed a revolutionary method that quadratically accelerates artificial intelligence (AI) training algorithms. [27] Predictions for an AI-dominated future are increasingly common, but Antoine Blondeau has experience in reading, and arguably manipulating, the runes—he helped develop technology that evolved into predictive texting and Apple's Siri. [26] Artificial intelligence can improve health care by analyzing data from apps, smartphones and wearable technology. [25] Now, researchers at Google’s DeepMind have developed a simple algorithm to handle such reasoning—and it has already beaten humans at a complex image comprehension test. [24] A marimba-playing robot with four arms and eight sticks is writing and playing its own compositions in a lab at the Georgia Institute of Technology. The pieces are generated using artificial intelligence and deep learning. [23] Now, a team of researchers at MIT and elsewhere has developed a new approach to such computations, using light instead of electricity, which they say could vastly improve the speed and efficiency of certain deep learning computations. [22]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[258] viXra:1806.0301 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-21 07:23:34

A Simple Suggestion Against the Cancer

Authors: José Francisco García Juliá
Comments: 1 Page.

Insertion of a marker into the cells to be used by the lymphocytes against the cancer.
Category: Biochemistry

[257] viXra:1806.0300 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-21 08:03:52

Natuurkundige

Authors: J.A.J. van Leunen
Comments: 2 Pages.

De huidige natuurkunde bevat nog vele ongerijmdheden die eigenlijk al opgelost kunnen worden.
Category: Quantum Physics

[256] viXra:1806.0299 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-21 09:03:02

Impossible Mask Quantum Information

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 45 Pages.

In the future, the physicists plan to further investigate the no-masking theorem and its exceptions—the maskable sets and the partial maskers. [28] Researchers at the University of York have shown that a new quantum-based procedure for distributing secure information along communication lines could be successful in preventing serious security breaches. [27] In the new study, Bomantara and Gong have developed a method for harnessing the unique properties of time crystals for quantum computing that is based on braiding. [26] An Aalto University study has provided new evidence that time crystals can physically exist – a claim currently under hot debate. [25] Yale physicists have uncovered hints of a time crystal—a form of matter that "ticks" when exposed to an electromagnetic pulse—in the last place they expected: a crystal you might find in a child's toy. [24] The research shows that concentrated electrolytes in solution affect hydrogen bonding, ion interactions, and coordination geometries in currently unpredictable ways. [23] An exotic state of matter that is dazzling scientists with its electrical properties, can also exhibit unusual optical properties, as shown in a theoretical study by researchers at A*STAR. [22] The breakthrough was made in the lab of Andrea Alù, director of the ASRC's Photonics Initiative. Alù and his colleagues from The City College of New York, University of Texas at Austin and Tel Aviv University were inspired by the seminal work of three British researchers who won the 2016 Noble Prize in Physics for their work, which teased out that particular properties of matter (such as electrical conductivity) can be preserved in certain materials despite continuous changes in the matter's form or shape. [21] Researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have developed a new technology for switching heat flows 'on' or 'off'. [20] Thermoelectric materials can use thermal differences to generate electricity. Now there is an inexpensive and environmentally friendly way of producing them with the simplest tools: a pencil, photocopy paper, and conductive paint. [19] A team of researchers with the University of California and SRI International has developed a new type of cooling device that is both portable and efficient. [18]
Category: Quantum Physics

[255] viXra:1806.0298 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-21 09:45:10

Expanding Earth, by Growing Water based Crashed Comet core.

Authors: Leo Vuyk
Comments: 33 Pages.

According to Quantum FFF Theory, Electric dark matter black holes, even in the form of microscopic, produced by magnetic quantum interference, produce plasma and water and are proliferated through stellar systems, such as unstable Ball Lightning up to stable Comets and Sunspots (crashed Comets). As a consequence, crashed comets in the earth are responsible for the volcanism and the base for so called “growing Earth” by its growing compressed water core, as a base for quarks and as such H2 and O and more complex atoms. Comet 67P CG, (Churyumov-Gerasimenko) seems to be a unique test bed for this theory. Recent measurements and photos are already suggesting that a large variety of atoms are ejected by the Comet and surface changes seem to be the origin of local crack shaped colour changes. The magnetic field of the comet seems to ring or sing 3 times every minute by the internal tectonic shocks. The dusty jets observed from the so called “Neck” of the comet seem to be a sign for a central Birkeland Alfven current circuit effect on dust acceleration and violating the solar heat erosion theory. If sunspots are former comet nuclei splashed into the sun, than we may assume that sunspots are also the creators of new solar plasma. Secondly, if Comet nuclei can survive the sun they also must be able to survive the crash into planets like earth or moons. As a consequence we may assume that all energetic and plasma (new matter) related production processes found around planets and moons could be based on the same process. Examples are found in the water vapor plumes of geysers observed on Jupiters moon Europa. Recent findings of water inclusions in volcanic diamonds are an extra support. The peculiar shape of the continents on earth has been a constant reason for discussion of the origin of the expanding earth. If these crashed comets also act as gravity point sources, then even the so called Flyby anomaly and the P-wave anomaly could be explained
Category: Astrophysics

[254] viXra:1806.0297 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-21 10:41:04

Children of Dune Etc

Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 2 Pages.

the parallels between that mini-series and the lives of my daughter and me
Category: Religion and Spiritualism

[253] viXra:1806.0296 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-21 10:41:38

Quantum Non-Locality

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 43 Pages.

Non-locality, Einstein's ''spooky action at a distance," has been observed between quantum objects separated by more than one kilometer. [29] Physicists at Saarland University in Saarbrücken, Germany, have succeeded in entangling a single atom with a single photon in the telecom wavelength range. [28] A team of physicists from ICTP-Trieste and IQOQI-Innsbruck has come up with a surprisingly simple idea to investigate quantum entanglement of many particles. [27] For the first time, physicists have experimentally demonstrated ternary—rather than binary—quantum correlations between entangled objects. [26] The physicists, Sally Shrapnel, Fabio Costa, and Gerard Milburn, at The University of Queensland in Australia, have published a paper on the new quantum probability rule in the New Journal of Physics. [25] Researchers have studied how a 'drumstick' made of light could make a microscopic 'drum' vibrate and stand still at the same time. [24] A University of Oklahoma physicist, Alberto M. Marino, is developing quantum-enhanced sensors that could find their way into applications ranging from biomedical to chemical detection. [23] A team of researchers from Shanghai Jiao Tong University and the University of Science and Technology of China has developed a chip that allows for two-dimensional quantum walks of single photons on a physical device. [22] The physicists, Sally Shrapnel, Fabio Costa, and Gerard Milburn, at The University of Queensland in Australia, have published a paper on the new quantum probability rule in the New Journal of Physics. [21] Probabilistic computing will allow future systems to comprehend and compute with uncertainties inherent in natural data, which will enable us to build computers capable of understanding, predicting and decision-making. [20] For years, the people developing artificial intelligence drew inspiration from what was known about the human brain, and it has enjoyed a lot of success as a result. Now, AI is starting to return the favor. [19]
Category: Quantum Physics

[252] viXra:1806.0295 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-21 10:46:36

Temporal Elasticity and a Multiphase Transport Model

Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 3 Pages.

­-relative to Bell’s theorem ­-and more
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[251] viXra:1806.0294 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-20 22:35:34

Unification of Gravity and Electromagnetism

Authors: Adrian Ferent
Comments: 174 Pages. © 2014 Adrian Ferent

Unification of Gravity and Electromagnetism “I unified Electromagnetism and Gravity with Ferent equation for the energy of a photon E = h × f + a × f ” Adrian Ferent “The perturbation done by a photon in a gravitational field is equal with one graviton” Adrian Ferent “Ferent wave equation of the graviton: Ψ – the wave function of the graviton” Adrian Ferent “The Photon – Graviton pair has the same speed and frequency, and the photon energy divided by the graviton energy is the electromagnetic energy divided by the gravitational energy, the electromagnetic force divided by the gravitational force” Adrian Ferent “Ferent equation for the energy of a photon E = h × f + a × f ” Adrian Ferent “Einstein in his theory of general relativity did not explain gravity, he calculated gravity” Adrian Ferent “The perturbation done by a photon in the gravitational field in Ferent quantum gravity theory means: the photon emits a graviton” Adrian Ferent “The graviton frequency emitted by a photon is f, the photon frequency” Adrian Ferent I replaced Planck equation E = h × f with the a new equation for the energy of a photon: E = h × f + a × f Theory of general relativity is the most successful theory of gravity. Einstein’s idea is that gravity is not an ordinary force, but rather a property of space-time geometry. In the last 100 years famous physicists including Einstein himself, have tried and failed to unify general relativity and quantum theory. Einstein’s theory of general relativity is wrong because Einstein's equivalence principle is wrong. Einstein's equivalence principle is wrong because the gravitational force experienced locally is caused by a negative energy, gravity energy and the force experienced by an observer in a non-inertial (accelerated) frame of reference is caused by a positive energy. When they tried to unify Einstein’s theory of general relativity, a wrong theory, with electromagnetism the scientists discovered wrong theories like String theory, LQG… In Ferent gravitation theory gravity is reformulated using quantum theory, using gravitons. “Einstein in his theory of general relativity did not explain gravity, he calculated gravity” Adrian Ferent ToE is the Theory of Everything, the ultimate theory, the final theory links together all physical aspects of the universe and is the major unsolved problem in physics. The four fundamental forces: the gravitational force, the electromagnetic force, the strong nuclear force and the weak nuclear force are the four fundamental forces. In my gravity theory the gravitational force is mediated by a massless particle called graviton. All quantum gravity theories like String theory, LQG… are wrong theories because are limited to speed of light. “The perturbation done by a photon in a gravitational field is equal with one graviton” Adrian Ferent How big is the perturbation done by a photon in a gravitational field? It is the electromagnetic force divided by gravitational force, it is the photon energy divided by graviton energy. I found the Ferent wall beyond the Planck wall, with a length smaller than Planck length. “The Photon – Graviton pair has the same speed and frequency, and the photon energy divided by the graviton energy is the electromagnetic energy divided by the gravitational energy, the electromagnetic force divided by the gravitational force” Adrian Ferent Planck discovered that physical action could not take on any indiscriminate value. Instead, the action must be some multiple of a very small quantity called Planck constant. The energy E contained in a photon, which represents the smallest possible 'packet' of energy in an electromagnetic wave, is Planck’s constant times the photon frequency: E = Planck’s constant × frequency. E = h × f Planck equation for the energy of a photon E = h × f is incorrect because does not contains the energy of the graviton, because light has gravitation! My equation for the energy of a photon: E = h × f + a × f The oscillation of an electron emits, radiates to space a photon and a coupled graviton, with the same speed, the speed of light and the same frequency. The magnetic force always acts at right angles to the motion of a charge, it can only turn the charge, it cannot do work on the charge. The strength s, of the electromagnetic force relative to gravity force: s = 4.166 × 1042 How big is the perturbation done by a photon in a gravitational field? It is the graviton energy: a × f We have s = h / a “The perturbation done by a photon in the gravitational field is a graviton with the energy: a × f” Adrian Ferent “Ferent wave equation of the graviton: Ψ – the wave function of the graviton” Adrian Ferent The energy of a photon: E = h × f + a × f This new equation of the photon represents the unification of Electromagnetism and Gravity. “Ferent equation for the energy of a photon E = h × f + a × f ” Adrian Ferent “I unified Electromagnetism and Gravity with Ferent equation for the energy of a photon E = h × f + a × f ” Adrian Ferent Graviton’s frequency emitted by a photon What means the perturbation done by a photon in the gravitational field? In my quantum gravity theory this means that photons emit gravitons! “The perturbation done by a photon in the gravitational field in Ferent quantum gravity theory means: the photon emits a graviton” Adrian Ferent Graviton’s energy emitted by a photon is a × f . This means the graviton frequency emitted by a photon is f, the photon frequency. “The graviton frequency emitted by a photon is f, the photon frequency” Adrian Ferent 83. I am the first who unified Electromagnetism and Gravity with Ferent equation for the energy of a photon E = h × f + a × f 84. I am the first who discovered that the perturbation done by a photon in a gravitational field is equal with one graviton 85. I am the first who explained that Einstein in his theory of general relativity did not explain gravity, he calculated gravity 86. I am the first who discovered that the Photon – Graviton pair has the same speed and frequency, and the photon energy divided by the graviton energy is the electromagnetic energy divided by the gravitational energy, the electromagnetic force divided by the gravitational force 87. I am the first who discovered that the perturbation done by a photon in the gravitational field in Ferent quantum gravity theory means: the photon emits a graviton 88. I am the first who discovered that the graviton frequency emitted by a photon is f, the photon frequency
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[250] viXra:1806.0292 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-21 00:59:57

Local Realism Will Never Die

Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 2 Pages.

some evidence this is true
Category: Quantum Physics

[249] viXra:1806.0291 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-21 01:02:54

An Interesting Prediction Regarding Anti­-8be

Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 1 Page.

a brief review of my prediction about anti-8Be
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[248] viXra:1806.0290 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-21 01:08:40

Hyper­time and Temporal Elasticity

Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 3 Pages.

a 3-page anecdote about my experiences with time
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[247] viXra:1806.0289 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-21 01:14:17

Our Misconceptions of the Unknown

Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 4 Pages.

a two-category essay about a theological concept, the Quadry, and temporal elasticity, part of gravitation, physics
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[246] viXra:1806.0288 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-21 01:19:56

Temporal Curvature, Gravitation’s Mediator

Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 3 Pages.

the theoretical development of temporal curvature, the theory required for the notion of temporal elasticity in gravitation, physics
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[245] viXra:1806.0287 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-21 03:36:43

Particle Nature of Light and It’s Interaction with Matter

Authors: Arjun Dahal
Comments: 8 Pages. ©2017-2018 Journal of St. Xavier's Physics Council

Following the Einstein’s 1905 paper on photoelectric effect, the concept of particle nature of light took birth in the physics community, which stated that light is composed of many small particles known as photons. When the light or any electromagnetic radiation with high frequency strikes on the metal surface, it emits photoelectrons from the metals. Similarly when X-rays are incident on elements with low atomic number, elastic interaction takes place resulting in change in the wavelength of scattered beam along with the change in direction. Further, when γ-rays interact with matter, then it gets disappeared and converts itself into electron-positron pair known as pair production. Through this article we have attempted to study the particle nature of light and how it interacts with matter under the certain conditions to form new physical phenomena, and their applications to determine the crystal structures, Gravitational Red shift, Information on Black Holes and for Medical purposes.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[244] viXra:1806.0286 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-21 03:50:18

An End-to-end Model of Predicting Diverse Ranking OnHeterogeneous Feeds

Authors: Zizhe Gao, Zheng Gao, Heng Huang, Zhuoren Jiang, Yuliang Yan
Comments: 6 Pages.

As an external assistance for online shopping, multimedia content (feed) plays an important role in e-Commerce eld. Feeds in formats of post, item list and video bring in richer auxiliary information and more authentic assessments of commodities (items). In Alibaba, the largest Chinese online retailer, besides traditional item search engine (ISE), a content search engine (CSE) is utilized for feeds recommendation as well. However, the diversity of feed types raises a challenge for the CSE to rank heterogeneous feeds. In this paper, a two-step end-to-end model including Heterogeneous Type Sorting and Homogeneous Feed Ranking is proposed to address this problem. In the first step, an independent Multi-Armed bandit (iMAB) model is proposed first, and an improved personalized Markov Deep Neural Network (pMDNN) model is developed later on. In the second step, an existing Deep Structured Semantic Model (DSSM) is utilized for homogeneous feed ranking. A/B test on Alibaba product environment shows that, by considering user preference and feed type dependency, pMDNN model significantly outperforms than iMAB model to solve heterogeneous feed ranking problem.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[243] viXra:1806.0285 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-21 04:47:12

Inverted Dynamics

Authors: Giorgio Capezzali
Comments: 45 Pages. Accepted for publication in Physics Essays, Vol. 29, No. 1 (March 2016)

In the field of faster-than-light motions a new theory is introduced: the inverted dynamics. As we will see, this theory is confirmed by the experiments MINOS, OPERA and Fermilab79. More precisely, in its framework, these three experiments give the same result for the muonic neutrino rest mass in the limit of the measurement uncertainties. This result is also well below the highest probable value of 170 keV experimentally determined by Assamagan. Furthermore, by the inverted dynamics, we are able to explain classically the tunnelling effect.
Category: Classical Physics

[242] viXra:1806.0284 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-21 05:08:23

Deep Learning Nuclear Events

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 30 Pages.

A deep neural network running on an ordinary desktop computer is interpreting highly technical data related to national security as well as—and sometimes better than— today's best automated methods or even human experts. [19] Scientists at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA), located at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, have pioneered the use of GPU-accelerated deep learning for rapid detection and characterization of gravitational waves. [18] Researchers from Queen Mary University of London have developed a mathematical model for the emergence of innovations. [17] Quantum computers can be made to utilize effects such as quantum coherence and entanglement to accelerate machine learning. [16] Neural networks learn how to carry out certain tasks by analyzing large amounts of data displayed to them. [15] Who is the better experimentalist, a human or a robot? When it comes to exploring synthetic and crystallization conditions for inorganic gigantic molecules, actively learning machines are clearly ahead, as demonstrated by British Scientists in an experiment with polyoxometalates published in the journal Angewandte Chemie. [14] Machine learning algorithms are designed to improve as they encounter more data, making them a versatile technology for understanding large sets of photos such as those accessible from Google Images. Elizabeth Holm, professor of materials science and engineering at Carnegie Mellon University, is leveraging this technology to better understand the enormous number of research images accumulated in the field of materials science. [13] With the help of artificial intelligence, chemists from the University of Basel in Switzerland have computed the characteristics of about two million crystals made up of four chemical elements. The researchers were able to identify 90 previously unknown thermodynamically stable crystals that can be regarded as new materials. [12] The artificial intelligence system's ability to set itself up quickly every morning and compensate for any overnight fluctuations would make this fragile technology much more useful for field measurements, said co-lead researcher Dr Michael Hush from UNSW ADFA. [11]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[241] viXra:1806.0283 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-21 06:09:24

The Standard Model Architecture and Interactions

Authors: Claude Michael Cassano
Comments: 6 Pages.

Based on my 1984 linearization of the Klein-Gordon equations, potential functions generalizations of the electric and magnetic field strengths form a basis from which a compound model simply constructs the leptons; the simple differences between the quarks and leptons; how the quarks arose from the leptons; why there are these two types of fermions; and why there are precisely three generations for each of these types. The most elementary particle interactions classify the interactions between strong and weak, and further still between the W and Z type of weak interactions. Two simple conservation requirements give rise to all the fundamental particle interactions, and describe the structure of the weak intermediate envelopes. Further, a simple charge function determines the charge of every object. Further still, the only free assignable parameters for the entire model are four mass constants for each fermion generation. This is essentially a summary of my book: "A Mathematical Preon Foundation for the Standard Model"; but starting from the different standpoint of my Helmholtzian operator matrix product, rather than my constructive algebras (developed primarily in "Reality is a Mathematical Model" and "The Weighted Matrix Product").
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[240] viXra:1806.0282 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-20 14:02:01

The Theory of Disappearance and Appearance

Authors: Mazen Khoder
Comments: 8 Pages.

It is known that quantum mechanics is one of the most successful theories in physics across the entire history of physics, nevertheless, many believe that its foundations are still not really understood like: wave-particle duality, interference, entanglement, quantum tunneling, uncertainty principle, vacuum catastrophe, wave collapse, relation between classical mechanics and quantum mechanics, classical limit, quantum chaos etc., and the continuous failures in the unify between relativity theory and quantum theory may be an indication about a problem in the foundations, this paper aims at discovering the first small step in the path of solving and understanding these quantum puzzles, in fact, the key to solving quantum puzzles is by understanding the reality of the motion and how it occurs. This paper proposes a model of motion with a new action principle like the principle of least action called "alike action principle". Actually, we have been able to deduce the principles of quantum mechanics so that the oddity of the quantum becomes easier to understand and interpret, for example, this paper proposes a solution to vacuum catastrophe and gives us the origin of dark energy, and shows that the basic law of motion must be broader than both quantum mechanics and classical mechanics.
Category: Quantum Physics

[239] viXra:1806.0281 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-20 15:30:42

The Schwartzschild Solution and the Embedding of Special Coordinates in 4D Space

Authors: Vincenzo Nardozza
Comments: 4 Pages.

We present some formulas and calculations worked out while studying the Schwartzschild Solution. Nothing new!
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[238] viXra:1806.0279 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-15 06:32:41

Quantum Push of a Button

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 47 Pages.

Researchers at ETH have now realized such a quantum transmission between two solid-state qubits at the push of a button. [28] Scientists at the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory are conducting fundamental physics research that will lead to more control over mercurial quantum systems and materials. [27] Physicists in Italy have designed a " quantum battery " that they say could be built using today's solid-state technology. [26] Researches of scientists from South Ural State University are implemented within this area. [25] Following three years of extensive research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HU) physicist Dr. Uriel Levy and his team have created technology that will enable computers and all optic communication devices to run 100 times faster through terahertz microchips. [24] When the energy efficiency of electronics poses a challenge, magnetic materials may have a solution. [23] An exotic state of matter that is dazzling scientists with its electrical properties, can also exhibit unusual optical properties, as shown in a theoretical study by researchers at A*STAR. [22] The breakthrough was made in the lab of Andrea Alù, director of the ASRC's Photonics Initiative. Alù and his colleagues from The City College of New York, University of Texas at Austin and Tel Aviv University were inspired by the seminal work of three British researchers who won the 2016 Noble Prize in Physics for their work, which teased out that particular properties of matter (such as electrical conductivity) can be preserved in certain materials despite continuous changes in the matter's form or shape. [21] Researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have developed a new technology for switching heat flows 'on' or 'off'. [20] Thermoelectric materials can use thermal differences to generate electricity. Now there is an inexpensive and environmentally friendly way of producing them with the simplest tools: a pencil, photocopy paper, and conductive paint. [19] A team of researchers with the University of California and SRI International has developed a new type of cooling device that is both portable and efficient. [18]
Category: Quantum Physics

[237] viXra:1806.0278 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-15 06:57:00

Detecting Clumps in Atomic Nuclei

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 37 Pages.

In the case of several light nuclei, experimental confirmation of the individualism or family nature of nucleons will now be simpler, thanks to predictions presented by Polish physicists from Cracow and Kielce. [26] The identification of the magic number of six provides an avenue to investigate the origin of spin–orbit splittings in atomic nuclei. [25] Now, physicists are working toward getting their first CT scans of the inner workings of the nucleus. [24] The process of the sticking together of quarks, called hadronisation, is still poorly understood. [23] In experimental campaigns using the OMEGA EP laser at (MIT) researchers took radiographs of the shock front, similar to the X-ray radiology in hospitals with protons instead of X-rays. [22] Researchers generate proton beams using a combination of nanoparticles and laser light. [21] Devices based on light, rather than electrons, could revolutionize the speed and security of our future computers. However, one of the major challenges in today's physics is the design of photonic devices, able to transport and switch light through circuits in a stable way. [20] Researchers characterize the rotational jiggling of an optically levitated nanoparticle, showing how this motion could be cooled to its quantum ground state. [19] Researchers have created quantum states of light whose noise level has been " squeezed " to a record low. [18] An elliptical light beam in a nonlinear optical medium pumped by " twisted light " can rotate like an electron around a magnetic field. [17] Physicists from Trinity College Dublin's School of Physics and the CRANN Institute, Trinity College, have discovered a new form of light, which will impact our understanding of the fundamental nature of light. [16] Light from an optical fiber illuminates the metasurface, is scattered in four different directions, and the intensities are measured by the four detectors. From this measurement the state of polarization of light is detected. [15]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[236] viXra:1806.0277 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-15 07:38:58

Dark Matter with Radio Pulsars

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 49 Pages.

Researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy in Bonn, Germany, have proposed a new experiment that makes use of super-dense stars to learn more about the interaction of dark matter with standard matter. [29] CfA astronomer Qirong Zhu led a group of four scientists investigating the possibility that today's dark matter is composed of primordial black holes, following up on previously published suggestions. If galaxy halos are made of black holes, they should have a different density distribution than halos made of exotic particles. [28] A signal caused by the very first stars to form in the universe has been picked up by a tiny but highly specialised radio telescope in the remote Western Australian desert. [27] This week, scientists from around the world who gathered at the University of California, Los Angeles, at the Dark Matter 2018 Symposium learned of new results in the search for evidence of the elusive material in Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) by the DarkSide-50 detector. [26] If they exist, axions, among the candidates for dark matter particles, could interact with the matter comprising the universe, but at a much weaker extent than previously theorized. New, rigorous constraints on the properties of axions have been proposed by an international team of scientists. [25] The intensive, worldwide search for dark matter, the missing mass in the universe, has so far failed to find an abundance of dark, massive stars or scads of strange new weakly interacting particles, but a new candidate is slowly gaining followers and observational support. [24] " We invoke a different theory, the self-interacting dark matter model or SIDM, to show that dark matter self-interactions thermalize the inner halo, which ties ordinary dark matter and dark matter distributions together so that they behave like a collective unit. " [23] Technology proposed 30 years ago to search for dark matter is finally seeing the light. [22]
Category: Astrophysics

[235] viXra:1806.0276 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-15 08:02:49

Biological Light Sensor in Action

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 48 Pages.

Using X-ray laser technology, a team led by researchers of the Paul Scherrer Institute PSI has recorded one of the fastest processes in biology. [26] A Virginia Commonwealth University researcher has developed a procedure for identifying the source of cells present in a forensic biological sample that could change how cell types are identified in samples across numerous industries. [25] In work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland in College Park, researchers have devised and demonstrated a new way to measure free energy. [24] A novel technique developed by researchers at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) will help shine new light on biological questions by improving the quality and quantity of information that can be extracted in fluorescence microscopy. [23] Micro-computed tomography or "micro-CT" is X-ray imaging in 3-D, by the same method used in hospital CT (or "CAT") scans, but on a small scale with massively increased resolution. [22] A new experimental method permits the X-ray analysis of amyloids, a class of large, filamentous biomolecules which are an important hallmark of diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. [12] Thumb through any old science textbook, and you'll likely find RNA described as little more than a means to an end, a kind of molecular scratch paper used to construct the proteins encoded in DNA. [20] Just like any long polymer chain, DNA tends to form knots. Using technology that allows them to stretch DNA molecules and image the behavior of these knots, MIT researchers have discovered, for the first time, the factors that determine whether a knot moves along the strand or "jams" in place. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18]
Category: Physics of Biology

[234] viXra:1806.0275 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-15 08:22:21

Protein Light Switch

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 49 Pages.

Sunlight is essential for all life, and living organisms have evolved to sense and respond to light. [27] Using X-ray laser technology, a team led by researchers of the Paul Scherrer Institute PSI has recorded one of the fastest processes in biology. [26] A Virginia Commonwealth University researcher has developed a procedure for identifying the source of cells present in a forensic biological sample that could change how cell types are identified in samples across numerous industries. [25] In work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland in College Park, researchers have devised and demonstrated a new way to measure free energy. [24] A novel technique developed by researchers at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) will help shine new light on biological questions by improving the quality and quantity of information that can be extracted in fluorescence microscopy. [23] Micro-computed tomography or "micro-CT" is X-ray imaging in 3-D, by the same method used in hospital CT (or "CAT") scans, but on a small scale with massively increased resolution. [22] A new experimental method permits the X-ray analysis of amyloids, a class of large, filamentous biomolecules which are an important hallmark of diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. [12] Thumb through any old science textbook, and you'll likely find RNA described as little more than a means to an end, a kind of molecular scratch paper used to construct the proteins encoded in DNA. [20] Just like any long polymer chain, DNA tends to form knots. Using technology that allows them to stretch DNA molecules and image the behavior of these knots, MIT researchers have discovered, for the first time, the factors that determine whether a knot moves along the strand or "jams" in place. [19]
Category: Physics of Biology

[233] viXra:1806.0274 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-15 08:44:49

Killer Protein to Cancer

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 50 Pages.

A biomimetic nanosystem can deliver therapeutic proteins to selectively target cancerous tumors, according to a team of Penn State researchers. [28] Sunlight is essential for all life, and living organisms have evolved to sense and respond to light. [27] Using X-ray laser technology, a team led by researchers of the Paul Scherrer Institute PSI has recorded one of the fastest processes in biology. [26] A Virginia Commonwealth University researcher has developed a procedure for identifying the source of cells present in a forensic biological sample that could change how cell types are identified in samples across numerous industries. [25] In work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland in College Park, researchers have devised and demonstrated a new way to measure free energy. [24] A novel technique developed by researchers at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) will help shine new light on biological questions by improving the quality and quantity of information that can be extracted in fluorescence microscopy. [23] Micro-computed tomography or "micro-CT" is X-ray imaging in 3-D, by the same method used in hospital CT (or "CAT") scans, but on a small scale with massively increased resolution. [22] A new experimental method permits the X-ray analysis of amyloids, a class of large, filamentous biomolecules which are an important hallmark of diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. [12] Thumb through any old science textbook, and you'll likely find RNA described as little more than a means to an end, a kind of molecular scratch paper used to construct the proteins encoded in DNA. [20] Just like any long polymer chain, DNA tends to form knots. Using technology that allows them to stretch DNA molecules and image the behavior of these knots, MIT researchers have discovered, for the first time, the factors that determine whether a knot moves along the strand or "jams" in place. [19]
Category: Physics of Biology

[232] viXra:1806.0273 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-15 10:32:21

Matter Beyond the Periodic Table

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 30 Pages.

The scientists predict that this type of matter, called "up down quark matter," or udQM, would be stable for extremely heavy elements that might exist just beyond the end of the current periodic table. [23] Quark matter – an extremely dense phase of matter made up of subatomic particles called quarks – may exist at the heart of neutron stars. [22] When a massive astrophysical object, such as a boson star or black hole, rotates, it can cause the surrounding spacetime to rotate along with it due to the effect of frame dragging. [21] Rotating black holes and computers that use quantum-mechanical phenomena to process information are topics that have fascinated science lovers for decades, but even the most innovative thinkers rarely put them together. [20] If someone were to venture into one of these relatively benign black holes, they could survive, but their past would be obliterated and they could have an infinite number of possible futures. [19] The group explains their theory in a paper published in the journal Physical Review Letters—it involves the idea of primordial black holes (PBHs) infesting the centers of neutron stars and eating them from the inside out. [18] But for rotating black holes, there's a region outside the event horizon where strange and extraordinary things can happen, and these extraordinary possibilities are the focus of a new paper in the American Physical Society journal Physical Review Letters. [17] Astronomers have constructed the first map of the universe based on the positions of supermassive black holes, which reveals the large-scale structure of the universe. [16] Astronomers want to record an image of the heart of our galaxy for the first time: a global collaboration of radio dishes is to take a detailed look at the black hole which is assumed to be located there. [15] A team of researchers from around the world is getting ready to create what might be the first image of a black hole. [14] "There seems to be a mysterious link between the amount of dark matter a galaxy holds and the size of its central black hole, even though the two operate on vastly different scales," said Akos Bogdan of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA). [13]
Category: Condensed Matter

[231] viXra:1806.0272 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-15 11:22:27

Proof of Riemann Hypothesis (Russian Version)

Authors: Andrey B. Skrypnik
Comments: 4 Pages.

Now there is a formula for calculating all primes
Category: Number Theory

[230] viXra:1806.0270 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-15 13:38:23

Spin Superfluidity

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 27 Pages.

Researchers in the US and Japan say they have observed spin superfluidity and very long distance spin transport in an antiferromagnetic insulator made from graphene for the first time. [17] The first known superconductor in which spin-3/2 quasiparticles form Cooper pairs has been created by physicists in the US and New Zealand. [16] Now a team of researchers from the University of Maryland (UMD) Department of Physics together with collaborators has seen exotic superconductivity that relies on highly unusual electron interactions. [15] A group of researchers from institutions in Korea and the United States has determined how to employ a type of electron microscopy to cause regions within an iron-based superconductor to flip between superconducting and non-superconducting states. [14] In new research, scientists at the University of Minnesota used a first-of-its-kind device to demonstrate a way to control the direction of the photocurrent without deploying an electric voltage. [13] Brown University researchers have demonstrated for the first time a method of substantially changing the spatial coherence of light. [12] Researchers at the University of Central Florida have generated what is being deemed the fastest light pulse ever developed. [11] Physicists at Chalmers University of Technology and Free University of Brussels have now found a method to significantly enhance optical force. [10] Nature Communications today published research by a team comprising Scottish and South African researchers, demonstrating entanglement swapping and teleportation of orbital angular momentum 'patterns' of light. [9] While physicists are continually looking for ways to unify the theory of relativity, which describes large-scale phenomena, with quantum theory, which describes small-scale phenomena, computer scientists are searching for technologies to build the quantum computer using Quantum Information. In August 2013, the achievement of "fully deterministic" quantum teleportation, using a hybrid technique, was reported. On 29 May 2014, scientists announced a reliable way of transferring data by quantum teleportation. Quantum teleportation of data had been done before but with highly unreliable methods. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to build the Quantum Computer with the help of Quantum Information.
Category: Condensed Matter

[229] viXra:1806.0269 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-15 14:12:21

Polaritons Hybrid Quantum Particles

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 68 Pages.

The researchers harnessed the power of polaritons, particles that blur the distinction between light and matter. [40] A new study by researchers at the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST) may explain this disparity. In the work, the OIST researchers measured electrical current across a two-dimensional plane. [39] Femtosecond lasers are capable of processing any solid material with high quality and high precision using their ultrafast and ultra-intense characteristics. [38] To create the flying microlaser, the researchers launched laser light into a water-filled hollow core fiber to optically trap the microparticle. Like the materials used to make traditional lasers, the microparticle incorporates a gain medium. [37] Lasers that emit ultrashort pulses of light are critical components of technologies, including communications and industrial processing, and have been central to fundamental Nobel Prize-winning research in physics. [36] A newly developed laser technology has enabled physicists in the Laboratory for Attosecond Physics (jointly run by LMU Munich and the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics) to generate attosecond bursts of high-energy photons of unprecedented intensity. [35] The unique platform, which is referred as a 4-D microscope, combines the sensitivity and high time-resolution of phase imaging with the specificity and high spatial resolution of fluorescence microscopy. [34] The experiment relied on a soliton frequency comb generated in a chip-based optical microresonator made from silicon nitride. [33] This scientific achievement toward more precise control and monitoring of light is highly interesting for miniaturizing optical devices for sensing and signal processing. [32] It may seem like such optical behavior would require bending the rules of physics, but in fact, scientists at MIT, Harvard University, and elsewhere have now demonstrated that photons can indeed be made to interact - an accomplishment that could open a path toward using photons in quantum computing, if not in light sabers. [31]
Category: Condensed Matter

[228] viXra:1806.0268 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-15 14:28:37

Czarnodziurowy Wszechświat a Grawitacyjne Prawo Gaussa ### Black Hole Universe and Gauss’ Law for Gravity

Authors: Zbigniew Osiak
Comments: 2 Pages. In Polish.

Radialna składowa przyspieszenia grawitacyjnego w Czarnodziurowym Wszechświecie dla małych odległości od centrum w stosunku do promienia Wszechświata pokrywa się z radialną składową przyspieszenia wynikającą z grawitacyjnego prawa Gaussa. ### The radial component of gravitational acceleration in the Black Hole Universe for small distances from the center in relation to the radius of the Universe coincides with the radial component of the acceleration resulting from the Gauss’ Law for Gravity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[227] viXra:1806.0267 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-15 14:31:48

Black Hole Universe and Gauss’ Law for Gravity

Authors: Zbigniew Osiak
Comments: 2 Pages.

The radial component of gravitational acceleration in the Black Hole Universe for small distances from the center in relation to the radius of the Universe coincides with the radial component of the acceleration resulting from the Gauss’ Law for Gravity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[226] viXra:1806.0266 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-15 15:39:22

Regenerative Engineering, Engineering Symbiosis and Resilience

Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 4 Pages.

preface to the undergraduate textbook
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[225] viXra:1806.0263 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-15 21:10:42

Synthetic Human and Genius

Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 1 Page.

why just today i gave up on AI-SA, artificial intelligence and synthetic awareness
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[224] viXra:1806.0262 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-16 01:59:49

Universe Self Inflation Without Dark Energy

Authors: Ilgaitis Prūsis, Peteris Prūsis
Comments: 4 pages

The cosmic expansion of our Universe really is accelerating; the mystery is why. The most popular explanation is Hypothesis of Dark Energy, which originates from another supposition – the Big Bang. According to Newton mechanics with corrections of Einstein relativity the velocity of galaxies must slow down or at least remain unchangeable. This article shows that Newton gravitation law causes two distinct phenomena in the Universe: 1. mutual attraction of the bodies and 2. accelerating expansion of the void. No Dark Energy is necessary.
Category: Classical Physics

[223] viXra:1806.0261 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-16 04:35:05

Brain Interfacing

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 51 Pages.

Brain Interfacing Brain-machine interfaces provide one way to connect with this puzzling organ system, including the brain. [33] Measuring optical blood flow in the resting human brain to detect spontaneous activity has for the first time been demonstrated by Wright State University imaging researchers, holding out promise for a better way to study people with autism, Alzheimer's and depression. [32] UCLA biologists report they have transferred a memory from one marine snail to another, creating an artificial memory, by injecting RNA from one to another. [31] Scientists at the Wellcome Trust/ Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, have identified a new type of stem cell in the brain which they say has a high potential for repair following brain injury or disease. [30] A team of researchers working at the Weizmann Institute of Science has found that organoids can be used to better understand how the human brain wrinkles as it develops. [29] A team of biologists has found an unexpected source for the brain's development, a finding that offers new insights into the building of the nervous system. [28] Researchers discover both the structure of specific brain areas and memory are linked to genetic activity that also play important roles in immune system function. [27] The inner workings of the human brain have always been a subject of great interest. Unfortunately, it is fairly difficult to view brain structures or intricate tissues due to the fact that the skull is not transparent by design. [26] But now there is a technology that enables us to "read the mind" with growing accuracy: functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). [25] Advances in microscopy techniques have often triggered important discoveries in the field of neuroscience, enabling vital insights in understanding the brain and promising new treatments for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. [24] What is the relationship of consciousness to the neurological activity of the brain? Does the brain behave differently when a person is fully conscious, when they are asleep, or when they are undergoing an epileptic seizure? [23]
Category: Mind Science

[222] viXra:1806.0260 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-16 06:38:56

Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 75 Pages.

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment or DUNE is a U.S.-led international experiment that focuses on neutrinos, subatomic particles that may offer an answer to the lingering mystery of the universe's matter-antimatter imbalance. [41] The Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory has started to assemble a new facility for revolutionary accelerator technologies that could make future accelerators 100 to 1,000 times smaller and boost their capabilities. [40] The authors designed a mechanism based on the deployment of a transport barrier to confine the particles and prevent them from moving from one region of the accelerator to another. "There is strong experimental evidence that there is indeed some new physics lurking in the lepton sector," Dev said. [38] Now, in a new result unveiled today at the Neutrino 2018 conference in Heidelberg, Germany, the collaboration has announced its first results using antineutrinos, and has seen strong evidence of muon antineutrinos oscillating into electron antineutrinos over long distances, a phenomenon that has never been unambiguously observed. [37] The Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum Experiment (PROSPECT) has completed the installation of a novel antineutrino detector that will probe the possible existence of a new form of matter. [36] The MINERvA collaboration analyzed data from the interactions of an antineutrino— the antimatter partner of a neutrino—with a nucleus. [35] The inclusion of short-range interactions in models of neutrinoless double-beta decay could impact the interpretation of experimental searches for the elusive decay. [34] The occasional decay of neutrons into dark matter particles could solve a long-standing discrepancy in neutron decay experiments. [33]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[221] viXra:1806.0259 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-16 09:08:53

Electronic Skin

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 46 Pages.

An electrically conductive hydrogel that takes stretchability, self-healing and strain sensitivity to new limits has been developed at KAUST. [28] UCLA scientists and engineers have developed a new process for assembling semiconductor devices. [27] A new experiment that tests the limit of how large an object can be before it ceases to behave quantum mechanically has been proposed by physicists in the UK and India. [26] Phonons are discrete units of vibrational energy predicted by quantum mechanics that correspond to collective oscillations of atoms inside a molecule or a crystal. [25] This achievement is considered as an important landmark for the realization of practical application of photon upconversion technology. [24] Considerable interest in new single-photon detector technologies has been scaling in this past decade. [23] Engineers develop key mathematical formula for driving quantum experiments. [22] Physicists are developing quantum simulators, to help solve problems that are beyond the reach of conventional computers. [21] Engineers at Australia's University of New South Wales have invented a radical new architecture for quantum computing, based on novel 'flip-flop qubits', that promises to make the large-scale manufacture of quantum chips dramatically cheaper-and easier-than thought possible. [20] A team of researchers from the U.S. and Italy has built a quantum memory device that is approximately 1000 times smaller than similar devices— small enough to install on a chip. [19] The cutting edge of data storage research is working at the level of individual atoms and molecules, representing the ultimate limit of technological miniaturisation. [18] This is an important clue for our theoretical understanding of optically controlled magnetic data storage media. [17]
Category: Condensed Matter

[220] viXra:1806.0258 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-16 10:25:44

The Unquestioned, Unacknowledged Assumptions of Panspermia and All of its Variants

Authors: Jeffrey Joseph Wolynski
Comments: 2 Pages.

The unquestioned and unacknowledged assumption of panspermia or directed panspermia is that all interstellar bodies are sterile before they host life, and interstellar bodies can be great, habitable hosts but as sterile as an operating table simultaneously.
Category: Physics of Biology

[219] viXra:1806.0257 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-16 11:22:35

The Holy Grail of Physics

Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 4 Pages.

a brief review of unification inspired by relativity and some relevant personal thoughts
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[218] viXra:1806.0256 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-16 11:58:57

Virtual Brain Models

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 54 Pages.

Virtual Brain Models One recent measure to improve the visualization of the brain has been to create more comprehensive brain models that simulate neural activity. [34] Brain-machine interfaces provide one way to connect with this puzzling organ system, including the brain. [33] Measuring optical blood flow in the resting human brain to detect spontaneous activity has for the first time been demonstrated by Wright State University imaging researchers, holding out promise for a better way to study people with autism, Alzheimer's and depression. [32] UCLA biologists report they have transferred a memory from one marine snail to another, creating an artificial memory, by injecting RNA from one to another. [31] Scientists at the Wellcome Trust/ Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, have identified a new type of stem cell in the brain which they say has a high potential for repair following brain injury or disease. [30] A team of researchers working at the Weizmann Institute of Science has found that organoids can be used to better understand how the human brain wrinkles as it develops. [29] A team of biologists has found an unexpected source for the brain's development, a finding that offers new insights into the building of the nervous system. [28] Researchers discover both the structure of specific brain areas and memory are linked to genetic activity that also play important roles in immune system function. [27] The inner workings of the human brain have always been a subject of great interest. Unfortunately, it is fairly difficult to view brain structures or intricate tissues due to the fact that the skull is not transparent by design. [26] But now there is a technology that enables us to "read the mind" with growing accuracy: functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). [25] Advances in microscopy techniques have often triggered important discoveries in the field of neuroscience, enabling vital insights in understanding the brain and promising new treatments for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. [24]
Category: Mind Science

[217] viXra:1806.0255 [pdf] replaced on 2021-03-15 19:41:23

Stabilized QFT: Verification Supplement

Authors: Clyde Dean Chlouber
Comments: 37 Pages.

This paper does two things: (1) it recaps the method of stabilized amplitudes that resolves divergence issues in QFT without infinite charge and mass renormalizations, and (2) it presents a detailed case study which verifies that stabilized amplitudes agree with renormalization for radiative corrections in Abelian and non-Abelian gauge theories.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[216] viXra:1806.0254 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-16 13:25:31

The Eye of Ra and Babylon

Authors: Leon Elshout
Comments: 2 Pages.

The Eye of Ra could be an air intake of Babylon. My book on Atlantis as Babylon: http://roodgoudvanparvaim.nl/
Category: Religion and Spiritualism

[215] viXra:1806.0252 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-16 17:29:10

Cosmic Vacuum Cleaners: Primordial Antimatter Black Holes

Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 2 Pages.

a brief letter to Dr. Hawking asking for help
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[214] viXra:1806.0251 [pdf] replaced on 2021-08-14 12:24:59

A Geometrical Model of Gravity

Authors: Vincenzo Nardozza
Comments: 9 Pages.

A mathematical model for interpreting Newtonian gravity by means of elastic deformation of space is given.
Category: Classical Physics

[213] viXra:1806.0250 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-16 20:42:30

The Pagerank Algorithm: Theory & Implementation in Scilab

Authors: Ayoub ABRACH, El Mehdi BOUCHOUAT
Comments: 27 Pages.

Search engines are huge power factors on the Web, guiding people to information and services. Google is the most successful search engine in recent years,his research results are very complete and precise. When Google was an early research project at Stanford, several articles have been written describing the underlying algorithms. The dominant algorithm has been called PageRank and is still the key to providing accurate rankings for search results. A key feature of web search engines is sorting results associated with a query in order of importance or relevance. We present a model allowing to define a quantification of this concept (Pagerank) a priori fuzzy and elements of formalization for the numerical resolution of the problem. We begin with a natural first approach unsatisfactory in some cases. A refinement of the algorithm is introduced to improve the results.
Category: Algebra

[212] viXra:1806.0249 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-16 23:56:07

Regenerative Engineering, a Textbook for Tomorrow’s Sustainable Engineering

Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 26 Pages.

[version 0] Contents: Systems-Reliability John Hardman and Regenerative Leadership Regenerative Engineering Case Studies of Pre-RE Engineering Space Shuttle Challenger Space Shuttle Columbia Tacoma Narrows Bridge Software Engineering Colonizing Mars – Missions Planning Genetic Engineering – Organism Design Advanced Robotics and RE Space Systems Engineering
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[211] viXra:1806.0248 [pdf] replaced on 2019-11-07 01:43:41

What is de Broglie's Wave-Particle?

Authors: Michael Tzoumpas
Comments: 11 Pages.

According to the theory of dynamic space the inductive-inertial phenomenon and its forces will be developed, which act on the electric units of the dynamic space, forming the grouping units (namely electric charges or forms of the electric field). So, the nature of the magnetic forces is explained, that are Coulomb's electric forces between these grouping units, created by the accelerated electron. Additionally, it is proved the so called de Broglie's wave-particle is a motion wave (wave-like form) as a result the dynamics of the extremely fine texture of the particle motion.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[210] viXra:1806.0247 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-17 09:18:24

Goldmine DNA Database

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 33 Pages.

A microscopic thread of DNA evidence in a public genealogy database led California authorities to declare this spring they had caught the Golden State Killer, the rapist and murderer who had eluded authorities for decades. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18] An LMU team now reveals the inner workings of a molecular motor made of proteins which packs and unpacks DNA. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15] Scientists from Moscow State University (MSU) working with an international team of researchers have identified the structure of one of the key regions of telomerase—a so-called "cellular immortality" ribonucleoprotein. [14] Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University used a light-sensitive iridium-palladium catalyst to make "sequential" polymers, using visible light to change how building blocks are combined into polymer chains. [13] Researchers have fused living and non-living cells for the first time in a way that allows them to work together, paving the way for new applications. [12] UZH researchers have discovered a previously unknown way in which proteins interact with one another and cells organize themselves. [11] Dr Martin Sweatman from the University of Edinburgh's School of Engineering has discovered a simple physical principle that might explain how life started on Earth. [10] Nearly 75 years ago, Nobel Prize-winning physicist Erwin Schrödinger wondered if the mysterious world of quantum mechanics played a role in biology. A recent finding by Northwestern University's Prem Kumar adds further evidence that the answer might be yes. [9]
Category: Physics of Biology

[209] viXra:1806.0246 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-17 10:29:57

Carbon-Based Microelectronics

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 48 Pages.

Carbon nanotubes – cylindrical formations of carbon atoms with incredible strength and electrical conductivity – hold great promise for creating new micron-scale low-power electronic devices. [29] An electrically conductive hydrogel that takes stretchability, self-healing and strain sensitivity to new limits has been developed at KAUST. [28] UCLA scientists and engineers have developed a new process for assembling semiconductor devices. [27] A new experiment that tests the limit of how large an object can be before it ceases to behave quantum mechanically has been proposed by physicists in the UK and India. [26] Phonons are discrete units of vibrational energy predicted by quantum mechanics that correspond to collective oscillations of atoms inside a molecule or a crystal. [25] This achievement is considered as an important landmark for the realization of practical application of photon upconversion technology. [24] Considerable interest in new single-photon detector technologies has been scaling in this past decade. [23] Engineers develop key mathematical formula for driving quantum experiments. [22] Physicists are developing quantum simulators, to help solve problems that are beyond the reach of conventional computers. [21] Engineers at Australia's University of New South Wales have invented a radical new architecture for quantum computing, based on novel 'flip-flop qubits', that promises to make the large-scale manufacture of quantum chips dramatically cheaper-and easier-than thought possible. [20] A team of researchers from the U.S. and Italy has built a quantum memory device that is approximately 1000 times smaller than similar devices— small enough to install on a chip. [19] The cutting edge of data storage research is working at the level of individual atoms and molecules, representing the ultimate limit of technological miniaturisation. [18]
Category: Condensed Matter

[208] viXra:1806.0244 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-17 10:50:13

Stephen Hawking, Salvatore Micheal, and Black Holes

Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 2 Pages.

a sweet dedication to Stephen Hawking, one of my spirtual mentors / inspirators
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[207] viXra:1806.0243 [pdf] replaced on 2018-08-05 15:54:58

Reinterpretation of the Robertson-Walker Metric, the Shapes of the Cosmos, and the Cosmological Constant

Authors: Ru-Jiao Zhang
Comments: 9 Pages. Correct some typing errors in abstract.

The Robertson-Walker metric has been recognized for describing the global space-time Universe which could be one of the three models: flat ( = 0), closed ( = +1) or open ( = −1). This paper reinterprets the Robertson-Walker metric, which actually describe the geometrical shapes of the global space-time Universe and two local space-time, which explains why galaxies are disk shaped. The global space-time is the “infinite” hyper-sphere of the Universe without boundary (open sphere). The two forms of local space-time caused by the agglomeration of matter into stars and stellar systems, which appeared as sphere (or ellipsoid) and flat. The shapes of spheres range from small elementary particles in quantum physics to planets, stars and giant objects such as globular nebulae in cosmological physics. The flat shapes are disk like galaxies, and the solar system in its infancy, etc. In last chapter, the cosmological constant was derived from the volume of the five dimension hyper-sphere. The cosmological constant is relevant with the Gaussian curvature 1/R^2 of the Universe. The theoretical value of the cosmological constant is: = 5(Ho)^2/2πc^2 .
Category: Astrophysics

[206] viXra:1806.0242 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-17 13:28:07

Stephen+

Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 2 Pages.

primordial antimatter black holes: their unique characteristics define the early cosmos and evolution of it
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[205] viXra:1806.0241 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-17 14:07:34

The Jesus is Like the Perfect Mirror for the Souls

Authors: Dmitri Martila
Comments: 10 Pages.

Presented the Theological article in form of dialogues between believer and a wrong minded one. The language is Russian.
Category: Religion and Spiritualism

[204] viXra:1806.0239 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-17 23:43:19

The Similarity Between Rules for Essentially Adequate Quaternionic and Complex Differentiation

Authors: Michael Parfenov
Comments: 18 Pages.

This paper is the third paper of the cycle devoted to the theory of essentially adequate quaternionic differentiability. It is established that the quaternionic holomorphic (ℍ -holomorphic) functions, satisfying the essentially adequate generalization of Cauchy-Riemann’s equations, make up a very remarkable class: generally non-commutative quaternionic multiplication behaves as commutative in the case of multiplication of ℍ -holomorphic functions. Everyone can construct such ℍ-holomorphic functions by replacing a complex variable as a single whole by a quaternionic one in expressions for complex holomorphic functions, and thereafter verify their commutativity. This property, which is confirmed by a lot of ℍ-holomorphic functions, gives conclusive evidence that the developed theory is true. The rules for quaternionic differentiation of combinations of ℍ-holomorphic functions find themselves similar to those from complex analysis: the formulae for differentiation of sums, products, ratios, and compositions of H-holomorphic functions as well as quaternionic power series, are fully identical to their complex analogs. The example of using the deduced rules is considered and it is shown that they reduce essentially the volume of calculations. The base notions of complex Maclaurin series expansions are adapted to the quaternion case.
Category: Functions and Analysis

[203] viXra:1806.0238 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-18 00:11:02

Linear Programming Solves Biclique Problems, Flaws in Literature Proof

Authors: Thinh D. Nguyen
Comments: 2 Pages.

The study of perebor dates back to the Soviet-era mathematics, especially in the 1980s [1]. Post-Soviet mathematicians have been working on many problems in combinatorial optimization. One of them is Maximum Edge Biclique Problem (MBP). In [2], the author proves that MBP is NP-complete. In this note, we give a polynomial time algorithm for MBP by using linear programming (LP). Thus, some flaw needs to be found in Peeter's work. We leave this to the community.
Category: Combinatorics and Graph Theory

[202] viXra:1806.0237 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-18 00:41:02

Explanation of the "Null" Result of the Michelson-Morley Experiment - Apparent Source Theory

Authors: Henok Tadesse
Comments: 5 Pages.

A new explanation of the Michelson-Morley experiment is presented in this paper. This paper reveals the subtle nature of light that has eluded physicists for centuries. It is revealed that the puzzle of the speed of light is solved only by a new theory that is a fusion of the classical theories: ether theory and emission theory of light, the two theories that have been wrongly seen as rivals for centuries.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[201] viXra:1806.0236 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-18 04:05:22

The Devil is in the Details

Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 3 Pages.

an explanation of baryon asymmetry, accelerating expansion rate, and dark energy via PABHs, primordial antimatter black holes – and – their interactions
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[200] viXra:1806.0234 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-18 07:21:24

Deeper Into the Stuff of the Universe

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 57 Pages.

University of Virginia physicists have recently played key roles in new particle physics discoveries. [22] A new result from the Q-weak experiment at the Department of Energy's Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility provides a precision test of the weak force, one of four fundamental forces in nature. [21] The most surprising result from beta decay is that nature is not ambidextrous, but is "left-handed." [20] This week, a group of scientists working on the MiniBooNE experiment at the Department of Energy's Fermilab reported a breakthrough: They were able to identify exactly-known-energy muon neutrinos hitting the atoms at the heart of their particle detector. [19] In a study published in Physical Review Letters, collaborators of the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR, an experiment led by the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory, have shown they can shield a sensitive, scalable 44-kilogram germanium detector array from background radioactivity. [18] The study has put the most stringent limits on the probability of a rare event—a neutrinoless double beta decay of tellurium-130 nuclei. This event can only occur if a neutrino can be its own antiparticle. [17] While these experiments seem miniature in comparison to others, they could reveal answers about neutrinos that have been hiding from physicists for decades. [16] In a paper published today in the European Physical Journal C, the ATLAS Collaboration reports the first high-precision measurement at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) of the mass of the W boson. [15] A team of researchers at the University of Michigan has conducted a thought experiment regarding the nature of a universe that could support life without the weak force. [14] The international T2K Collaboration announces a first indication that the dominance of matter over antimatter may originate from the fact that neutrinos and antineutrinos behave differently during those oscillations. [13]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[199] viXra:1806.0233 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-18 08:30:33

Quantum Device Redefine Ampere

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 46 Pages.

EU-funded scientists have succeeded in redefining the ampere in terms of fundamental constants of physics. [30] Tarucha, the leader of the team, says, "This is a very exciting finding, as it could potentially help to accelerate research into scaling up semiconductor quantum computers, allowing us to solve scientific problems that are very tough on conventional computer systems." [29] Physicists at Saarland University in Saarbrücken, Germany, have succeeded in entangling a single atom with a single photon in the telecom wavelength range. [28] A team of physicists from ICTP-Trieste and IQOQI-Innsbruck has come up with a surprisingly simple idea to investigate quantum entanglement of many particles. [27] For the first time, physicists have experimentally demonstrated ternary—rather than binary—quantum correlations between entangled objects. [26] The physicists, Sally Shrapnel, Fabio Costa, and Gerard Milburn, at The University of Queensland in Australia, have published a paper on the new quantum probability rule in the New Journal of Physics. [25] Researchers have studied how a 'drumstick' made of light could make a microscopic 'drum' vibrate and stand still at the same time. [24] A University of Oklahoma physicist, Alberto M. Marino, is developing quantum-enhanced sensors that could find their way into applications ranging from biomedical to chemical detection. [23] A team of researchers from Shanghai Jiao Tong University and the University of Science and Technology of China has developed a chip that allows for two-dimensional quantum walks of single photons on a physical device. [22] The physicists, Sally Shrapnel, Fabio Costa, and Gerard Milburn, at The University of Queensland in Australia, have published a paper on the new quantum probability rule in the New Journal of Physics. [21] Probabilistic computing will allow future systems to comprehend and compute with uncertainties inherent in natural data, which will enable us to build computers capable of understanding, predicting and decision-making. [20]
Category: Quantum Physics

[198] viXra:1806.0232 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-18 09:49:48

Skyrmions Revolutionise Computing

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 52 Pages.

Unique physical properties of these "magic knots" might help to satisfy demand for IT power and storage using a fraction of the energy. [31] A skyrmion is the magnetic version of a tornado which is obtained by replacing the air parcels that make up the tornado by magnetic spins, and by scaling the system down to the nanometre scale. [30] A new material created by Oregon State University researchers is a key step toward the next generation of supercomputers. [29] Magnetic materials that form helical structures—coiled shapes comparable to a spiral staircase or the double helix strands of a DNA molecule—occasionally exhibit exotic behavior that could improve information processing in hard drives and other digital devices. [28] In a new study, researchers have designed "invisible" magnetic sensors—sensors that are magnetically invisible so that they can still detect but do not distort the surrounding magnetic fields. [27] At Carnegie Mellon University, Materials Science and Engineering Professor Mike McHenry and his research group are developing metal amorphous nanocomposite materials (MANC), or magnetic materials whose nanocrystals have been grown out of an amorphous matrix to create a two phase magnetic material that exploits both the attractive magnetic inductions of the nanocrystals and the large electrical resistance of a metallic glass. [26] The search and manipulation of novel properties emerging from the quantum nature of matter could lead to next-generation electronics and quantum computers. [25] A research team from Lab) has found the first evidence that a shaking motion in the structure of an atomically thin (2-D) material possesses a naturally occurring circular rotation. [24] Topological effects, such as those found in crystals whose surfaces conduct electricity while their bulk does not, have been an exciting topic of physics research in recent years and were the subject of the 2016 Nobel Prize in physics. [23]
Category: Digital Signal Processing

[197] viXra:1806.0230 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-18 12:32:53

Excitations of Electronics

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 50 Pages.

An international team of scientists, including NUST MISIS's Professor Gotthard Seifert, has made an important step toward the control of excitonic effects in two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures. [30] Carbon nanotubes – cylindrical formations of carbon atoms with incredible strength and electrical conductivity – hold great promise for creating new micron-scale low-power electronic devices. [29] An electrically conductive hydrogel that takes stretchability, self-healing and strain sensitivity to new limits has been developed at KAUST. [28] UCLA scientists and engineers have developed a new process for assembling semiconductor devices. [27] A new experiment that tests the limit of how large an object can be before it ceases to behave quantum mechanically has been proposed by physicists in the UK and India. [26] Phonons are discrete units of vibrational energy predicted by quantum mechanics that correspond to collective oscillations of atoms inside a molecule or a crystal. [25] This achievement is considered as an important landmark for the realization of practical application of photon upconversion technology. [24] Considerable interest in new single-photon detector technologies has been scaling in this past decade. [23] Engineers develop key mathematical formula for driving quantum experiments. [22] Physicists are developing quantum simulators, to help solve problems that are beyond the reach of conventional computers. [21] Engineers at Australia's University of New South Wales have invented a radical new architecture for quantum computing, based on novel 'flip-flop qubits', that promises to make the large-scale manufacture of quantum chips dramatically cheaper-and easier-than thought possible. [20]
Category: Condensed Matter

[196] viXra:1806.0229 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-18 13:23:51

Material Capture Solar Energy

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 51 Pages.

Solar energy is clean and abundant. But when the sun isn't shining, you must store the energy in batteries or through a process called photocatalysis—in which solar energy is used to make fuels. [31] An international team of scientists, including NUST MISIS's Professor Gotthard Seifert, has made an important step toward the control of excitonic effects in two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures. [30] Carbon nanotubes – cylindrical formations of carbon atoms with incredible strength and electrical conductivity – hold great promise for creating new micron-scale low-power electronic devices. [29] An electrically conductive hydrogel that takes stretchability, self-healing and strain sensitivity to new limits has been developed at KAUST. [28] UCLA scientists and engineers have developed a new process for assembling semiconductor devices. [27] A new experiment that tests the limit of how large an object can be before it ceases to behave quantum mechanically has been proposed by physicists in the UK and India. [26] Phonons are discrete units of vibrational energy predicted by quantum mechanics that correspond to collective oscillations of atoms inside a molecule or a crystal. [25] This achievement is considered as an important landmark for the realization of practical application of photon upconversion technology. [24] Considerable interest in new single-photon detector technologies has been scaling in this past decade. [23] Engineers develop key mathematical formula for driving quantum experiments. [22] Physicists are developing quantum simulators, to help solve problems that are beyond the reach of conventional computers. [21]
Category: Thermodynamics and Energy

[195] viXra:1806.0227 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-19 02:47:53

The Shadow of the Smile of the "Cheshire Cat" (English Version)

Authors: V.A.Kasimov
Comments: 13 Pages. English

Offers a discussion of some topological paradoxes arising in the theory of relativity.
Category: Quantum Physics

[194] viXra:1806.0226 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-19 05:16:35

Anisotropic Magneto-Peltier Effect

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 39 Pages.

NIMS and Tohoku University have jointly observed an anisotropic magneto-Peltier effect—a thermoelectric conversion phenomenon in which simple redirection of a charge current in a magnetic material induces heating and cooling. [27] Recently, researchers from the China University of Mining and Technology have theoretically exposed the fundamental aspects of this thermal transport along double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) molecules. [26] This "robot," made of a single strand of DNA, can autonomously "walk" around a surface, pick up certain molecules and drop them off in designated locations. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24] In a joint research project, scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI), the Technische Universität Berlin (TU) and the University of Rostock have managed for the first time to image free nanoparticles in a laboratory experiment using a highintensity laser source. [23] For the first time, researchers have built a nanolaser that uses only a single molecular layer, placed on a thin silicon beam, which operates at room temperature. [22] A team of engineers at Caltech has discovered how to use computer-chip manufacturing technologies to create the kind of reflective materials that make safety vests, running shoes, and road signs appear shiny in the dark. [21] In the September 23th issue of the Physical Review Letters, Prof. Julien Laurat and his team at Pierre and Marie Curie University in Paris (Laboratoire Kastler Brossel-LKB) report that they have realized an efficient mirror consisting of only 2000 atoms. [20] Physicists at MIT have now cooled a gas of potassium atoms to several nanokelvins—just a hair above absolute zero—and trapped the atoms within a two-dimensional sheet of an optical lattice created by crisscrossing lasers. Using a high-resolution microscope, the researchers took images of the cooled atoms residing in the lattice. [19] Researchers have created quantum states of light whose noise level has been " squeezed " to a record low. [18] An elliptical light beam in a nonlinear optical medium pumped by " twisted light " can rotate like an electron around a magnetic field. [17]
Category: Condensed Matter

[193] viXra:1806.0225 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-19 06:33:05

P ≠ NP

Authors: Robert DiGregorio
Comments: 2 Pages.

A problem exists that’s hard to solve but easy to verify a solution for.
Category: Data Structures and Algorithms

[192] viXra:1806.0224 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-19 07:26:41

Cell Mechanics at Work

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 49 Pages.

It's a remarkable choreography. In each of our bodies, more than 37 trillion cells tightly coordinate with other cells to organize into the numerous tissues and organs that make us tick. [26] A Virginia Commonwealth University researcher has developed a procedure for identifying the source of cells present in a forensic biological sample that could change how cell types are identified in samples across numerous industries. [25] In work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland in College Park, researchers have devised and demonstrated a new way to measure free energy. [24] A novel technique developed by researchers at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) will help shine new light on biological questions by improving the quality and quantity of information that can be extracted in fluorescence microscopy. [23] Micro-computed tomography or "micro-CT" is X-ray imaging in 3-D, by the same method used in hospital CT (or "CAT") scans, but on a small scale with massively increased resolution. [22] A new experimental method permits the X-ray analysis of amyloids, a class of large, filamentous biomolecules which are an important hallmark of diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. [12] Thumb through any old science textbook, and you'll likely find RNA described as little more than a means to an end, a kind of molecular scratch paper used to construct the proteins encoded in DNA. [20] Just like any long polymer chain, DNA tends to form knots. Using technology that allows them to stretch DNA molecules and image the behavior of these knots, MIT researchers have discovered, for the first time, the factors that determine whether a knot moves along the strand or "jams" in place. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18]
Category: Physics of Biology

[191] viXra:1806.0223 [pdf] replaced on 2018-07-14 03:25:53

Sri Vidya Sai Srinivasa Shodasha Darshanam

Authors: Sai Venkatesh Balasubramanian
Comments: 20 Pages.

What is the need of the hour? We can see a globalized world again. Once, Vedanta remained one global corpus of truth. We need to revive this state. The Maharishis of past had only the Vedantic truth and revelations with them. We have additionally, the manifestations too across cultures, for which history is proof. We need to recognize the 16-fold path, and the manifestations as various aspects within this cross-cultural Vedantic path. Whenever any person from any culture decides to go spiritual, he transcends all cultural notions, and adopts this Vedantic path, the timeless path of the great seers. He recognizes the deity of his own native culture, as the Self or Amma, as also the deity of all other cultures, each with unique significance, and appreciates this Abheda or non-distinction. Irrespective of whether or not a person recognizes Amma’s manifestations, he will be lead through the spiritual path till the final goal. However, recognizing the manifestations, from different cultures, will cultivate an environment of peace and tolerance in this world. History is proof that only the most peaceful of civilizations have attained the greatest heights of thinking. Moreover, the spiritual path will be a joyful one, appreciating Amma’s variety and Leelas, Her unbound compassion and love towards all Her children.
Category: Religion and Spiritualism

[190] viXra:1806.0222 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-19 08:52:17

Question 472: Some Series

Authors: Edgar Valdebenito
Comments: 8 Pages.

This note presents some numerical series
Category: General Mathematics

[189] viXra:1806.0221 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-19 08:51:40

Quantum Dot and Donor Atom

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 39 Pages.

Researchers successfully integrated the systems—donor atoms and quantum dots. [28] A team of researchers including U of A engineering and physics faculty has developed a new method of detecting single photons, or light particles, using quantum dots. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24] In a joint research project, scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI), the Technische Universität Berlin (TU) and the University of Rostock have managed for the first time to image free nanoparticles in a laboratory experiment using a highintensity laser source. [23] For the first time, researchers have built a nanolaser that uses only a single molecular layer, placed on a thin silicon beam, which operates at room temperature. [22] A team of engineers at Caltech has discovered how to use computer-chip manufacturing technologies to create the kind of reflective materials that make safety vests, running shoes, and road signs appear shiny in the dark. [21] In the September 23th issue of the Physical Review Letters, Prof. Julien Laurat and his team at Pierre and Marie Curie University in Paris (Laboratoire Kastler Brossel-LKB) report that they have realized an efficient mirror consisting of only 2000 atoms. [20] Physicists at MIT have now cooled a gas of potassium atoms to several nanokelvins—just a hair above absolute zero—and trapped the atoms within a two-dimensional sheet of an optical lattice created by crisscrossing lasers. Using a high-resolution microscope, the researchers took images of the cooled atoms residing in the lattice. [19] Researchers have created quantum states of light whose noise level has been " squeezed " to a record low. [18] An elliptical light beam in a nonlinear optical medium pumped by " twisted light " can rotate like an electron around a magnetic field. [17]
Category: Quantum Physics

[188] viXra:1806.0220 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-19 08:54:52

Question 471: The Ramanujan Identity

Authors: Edgar Valdebenito
Comments: 1 Page.

In this note we recall an identity given by Ramanujan.
Category: General Mathematics

[187] viXra:1806.0219 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-19 08:57:13

Question 470: Two Integrals

Authors: Edgar Valdebenito
Comments: 2 Pages.

This note presents two integrals.
Category: Number Theory

[186] viXra:1806.0218 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-19 09:46:33

PiMann Photonic Gravitonic Field

Authors: Peiman Ghasemi
Comments: 6 Pages.

PiMann Photonic Gravitonic Field
Category: Quantum Physics

[185] viXra:1806.0217 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-19 09:50:09

Light-Warping Hyperbolic Metamaterials

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 31 Pages.

Manipulating light in a variety of ways—shrinking its wavelength and allowing it to travel freely in one direction while stopping it cold in another—hyperbolic metamaterials have wide application in optical communications and as nanoparticle sensors. [18] A new way of enhancing the interactions between light and matter, developed by researchers at MIT and Israel's Technion, could someday lead to more efficient solar cells that collect a wider range of light wavelengths, and new kinds of lasers and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) that could have fully tunable color emissions. [17] A team of researchers at the Center for Relativistic Laser Science, within the Institute for Basic Science (IBS) have developed a method to measure the shape of laser pulses in ambient air. [16] Studying the fleeting actions of electrons in organic materials will now be much easier, thanks to a new method for generating fast X-rays. [15] In a laboratory at the University of Rochester, researchers are using lasers to change the surface of metals in incredible ways, such as making them super water-repellent without the use of special coatings, paints, or solvents. [14] The interaction of high-power laser light sources with matter has given rise to numerous applications including; fast ion acceleration; intense X-ray, gamma-ray, positron and neutron generation; and fast-ignition-based laser fusion. [13] Conventional electron accelerators have become an indispensable tool in modern research. [12] An outstanding conundrum on what happens to the laser energy after beams are fired into plasma has been solved in newly-published research at the University of Strathclyde. [11] Researchers at Lund University and Louisiana State University have developed a tool that makes it possible to control extreme UV light-light with much shorter wavelengths than visible light. [10] Tiny micro-and nanoscale structures within a material's surface are invisible to the naked eye, but play a big role in determining a material's physical, chemical, and biomedical properties. [9]
Category: Condensed Matter

[184] viXra:1806.0216 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-19 10:06:24

Magnetic Spin Controlling

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 32 Pages.

EPFL physicists have found a way to reverse electron spins using electric fields for the first time, paving the way for programmable spintronics technologies. [19] Manipulating light in a variety of ways—shrinking its wavelength and allowing it to travel freely in one direction while stopping it cold in another—hyperbolic metamaterials have wide application in optical communications and as nanoparticle sensors. [18] A new way of enhancing the interactions between light and matter, developed by researchers at MIT and Israel's Technion, could someday lead to more efficient solar cells that collect a wider range of light wavelengths, and new kinds of lasers and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) that could have fully tunable color emissions. [17] A team of researchers at the Center for Relativistic Laser Science, within the Institute for Basic Science (IBS) have developed a method to measure the shape of laser pulses in ambient air. [16] Studying the fleeting actions of electrons in organic materials will now be much easier, thanks to a new method for generating fast X-rays. [15] In a laboratory at the University of Rochester, researchers are using lasers to change the surface of metals in incredible ways, such as making them super water-repellent without the use of special coatings, paints, or solvents. [14] The interaction of high-power laser light sources with matter has given rise to numerous applications including; fast ion acceleration; intense X-ray, gamma-ray, positron and neutron generation; and fast-ignition-based laser fusion. [13] Conventional electron accelerators have become an indispensable tool in modern research. [12] An outstanding conundrum on what happens to the laser energy after beams are fired into plasma has been solved in newly-published research at the University of Strathclyde. [11] Researchers at Lund University and Louisiana State University have developed a tool that makes it possible to control extreme UV light-light with much shorter wavelengths than visible light. [10]
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[183] viXra:1806.0215 [pdf] replaced on 2018-07-12 07:23:00

Light, Electricity and Liquids

Authors: Vitaliy Zamsha, Vladimir Shevtsov
Comments: 10 Pages. For Scientists, Engineers and Hobby

The authors of this article represents some effects in liquids under the influence of the light and electricity. It was investigated liquid's reaction on exposure of lights from LEDs in different spectrum range. Also some interesting phenomena was observed in some liquids.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[182] viXra:1806.0212 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-19 15:23:09

Uranus Position In The Sky

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 7 Pages.

Uranus and Neptune are perpendicular on Saturn level i.e. Saturn Orbital Distance locates at horizontal level with all planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn) – let's call it (Saturn level) Uranus and Neptune are on vertical level related to Saturn level - let's call it ( Uranus level) So Uranus level is perpendicular on Saturn level
Category: Astrophysics

[181] viXra:1806.0211 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-19 16:44:23

I Shot the Buddha, But I Did not Shoot the Deity

Authors: John Roach
Comments: 6 Pages.

This essay proposes that Buddhism was invented around 260 B.C.E. which is centuries after Siddhartha Gautama, "The Enlightened One", is said to have lived. Jainism is postulated to have been plagiarized twice: first by Pythagorus of Samos of ancient Ionia Greece & then by Emperor Ashoka of the Mauryan Dynasty of ancient India. This essay postulates a chain of events from ancient Zoroasterism to the ancient Gnostic Christians.
Category: Education and Didactics

[180] viXra:1806.0210 [pdf] replaced on 2018-07-16 12:05:31

Universe Without Dark Energy

Authors: Karan R.Takkhi
Comments: 18 pages, 16 tables, 5 graphs, 2 figures

The value of the cosmological constant obtained according to the quantum field theory is 10^120 times greater than the observed small value of the cosmological constant. Such huge discrepancy with the cosmological constant would cause a vacuum catastrophe. Since the discrepancy involved with the cosmological constant is unimaginably very large, therefore, molecular diffusion model has been introduced in this paper as an alternative to dark energy in order to explain the accelerated expansion of the Universe. The molecular diffusion model considers the distribution of large-scale structures as molecules inside a vacuum chamber. Since large-scale structures are ensemble of atoms, therefore, they can be treated as molecules possessing finite amount of energy. Instead of considering that space is expanding, the paper emphasizes upon the actual recession of large-scale structures. Since the discrepancy involved with the cosmological constant is very large, therefore, instead of considering that empty space possesses energy, it would be much more prudent to consider that large-scale structures possess energy by the virtue of which they recede, quite similar to a molecule that recedes by the virtue of energy that it possesses, after all, “the diffusion or free expansion of gas molecules inside a vacuum chamber by the virtue of vacuum energy or dark energy” has never been heard of; such claim, if true, would only suggest that gas molecules do not possess any energy. The study conducted in this paper finds the recessional behaviour of large-scale structures to be consistent with the recessional behaviour of molecules, thereby proving the molecular diffusion model.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[179] viXra:1806.0209 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-20 02:12:20

The Sun Data shows Relativistic Effects (revised)

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 47 Pages.

Abstract -The Sun Data shows Relativistic Effects. i.e. -There's a physical point in the solar group moves with c velocity relative to another physical point in the solar group. and this high velocity causes the relativistic effects which are observed and recorded in this paper -The Solar Planets Data Analysis shows that, Mars Original Orbital Distance was = 84 million km. but because of the relativistic effects, Mars had to immigrate from his original point to his new point at orbital distance = 227.9 million km. -This paper provide analyzed data and explanations to prove these 2 facts which are: 1.There's motion with c velocity inside the solar group 2.Mars immigrated from his original point at orbital distance 84 million km to his new orbital distance 227.9 million km
Category: Astrophysics

[178] viXra:1806.0208 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-20 03:23:59

The Eötvös Experiment, GTR, and Differing Gravitational and Inertial Masses: Proposition for a Crucial Test of Metric Theories

Authors: T. Yarman, A.L. Kholmetskii, C. Marchal, O. Yarman, M. Arik
Comments: 12 Pages.

The Eötvös experiment has been taken as basis for metric theories of gravity and particularly for the general theory of relativity (GTR), which assumes that gravitational and inertial masses are identical. We highlight the fact that, unlike the long lasting and reigning belief, the setup by Eötvös experiments and its follow-ups serve to demonstrate no more than a mere linear proportionality between said masses, and not ineludibly their exclusive equality. So much so that, as one distinct framework, Yarman–Arik–Kholmetskii (YARK) gravitation theory, where a purely metric approach is not aimed, makes the identity between inertial and gravitational masses no longer imperative while still remaining in full conformance with the result of the Eötvös experiment, as well as that of free fall experiments. It is further shown that Eötvös experiment deprives us of any knowledge concerning the determination of the proportionality coefficient coming into play. Henceforward, the Eötvös experiment and its follow-ups cannot be taken as a rigorous foundation for GTR. In this respect, we suggest a crucial test of the equality of gravitational and inertial masses via the comparison of the oscillation periods of two pendulums with different arm lengths, where the deviation of the predictions by GTR and by YARK theory represents a measurable value.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[177] viXra:1806.0207 [pdf] replaced on 2019-01-21 15:16:53

The Behavior of Basic Fields

Authors: J.A.J. van Leunen
Comments: 21 Pages.

A basic field is defined in the realm of a mathematical modeling platform that is based on a collection of floating platforms and an embedding platform. Each floating platform is represented by a quaternionic separable Hilbert space. The embedding platform is a non-separable Hilbert space. A basic field is a continuum eigenspace of an operator that resides in the non-separable embedding Hilbert space. The continuum can be described by a quaternionic function, and its behavior is described by quaternionic differential calculus. The separable Hilbert spaces contain the point-like artifacts that trigger the basic field. The floating platforms possess symmetry, which in combination with the background platform generates the sources of symmetry related fields.
Category: Quantum Physics

[176] viXra:1806.0206 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-20 10:55:38

Braiding Time Crystals in Quantum Computing

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 41 Pages.

In the new study, Bomantara and Gong have developed a method for harnessing the unique properties of time crystals for quantum computing that is based on braiding. [26] An Aalto University study has provided new evidence that time crystals can physically exist – a claim currently under hot debate. [25] Yale physicists have uncovered hints of a time crystal—a form of matter that "ticks" when exposed to an electromagnetic pulse—in the last place they expected: a crystal you might find in a child's toy. [24] The research shows that concentrated electrolytes in solution affect hydrogen bonding, ion interactions, and coordination geometries in currently unpredictable ways. [23] An exotic state of matter that is dazzling scientists with its electrical properties, can also exhibit unusual optical properties, as shown in a theoretical study by researchers at A*STAR. [22] The breakthrough was made in the lab of Andrea Alù, director of the ASRC's Photonics Initiative. Alù and his colleagues from The City College of New York, University of Texas at Austin and Tel Aviv University were inspired by the seminal work of three British researchers who won the 2016 Noble Prize in Physics for their work, which teased out that particular properties of matter (such as electrical conductivity) can be preserved in certain materials despite continuous changes in the matter's form or shape. [21] Researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have developed a new technology for switching heat flows 'on' or 'off'. [20] Thermoelectric materials can use thermal differences to generate electricity. Now there is an inexpensive and environmentally friendly way of producing them with the simplest tools: a pencil, photocopy paper, and conductive paint. [19] A team of researchers with the University of California and SRI International has developed a new type of cooling device that is both portable and efficient. [18] Thermal conductivity is one of the most crucial physical properties of matter when it comes to understanding heat transport, hydrodynamic evolution and energy balance in systems ranging from astrophysical objects to fusion plasmas. [17]
Category: Quantum Physics

[175] viXra:1806.0205 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-20 11:48:18

Quantum Protecting Communications

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 43 Pages.

Researchers at the University of York have shown that a new quantum-based procedure for distributing secure information along communication lines could be successful in preventing serious security breaches. [27] In the new study, Bomantara and Gong have developed a method for harnessing the unique properties of time crystals for quantum computing that is based on braiding. [26] An Aalto University study has provided new evidence that time crystals can physically exist – a claim currently under hot debate. [25] Yale physicists have uncovered hints of a time crystal—a form of matter that "ticks" when exposed to an electromagnetic pulse—in the last place they expected: a crystal you might find in a child's toy. [24] The research shows that concentrated electrolytes in solution affect hydrogen bonding, ion interactions, and coordination geometries in currently unpredictable ways. [23] An exotic state of matter that is dazzling scientists with its electrical properties, can also exhibit unusual optical properties, as shown in a theoretical study by researchers at A*STAR. [22] The breakthrough was made in the lab of Andrea Alù, director of the ASRC's Photonics Initiative. Alù and his colleagues from The City College of New York, University of Texas at Austin and Tel Aviv University were inspired by the seminal work of three British researchers who won the 2016 Noble Prize in Physics for their work, which teased out that particular properties of matter (such as electrical conductivity) can be preserved in certain materials despite continuous changes in the matter's form or shape. [21] Researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have developed a new technology for switching heat flows 'on' or 'off'. [20] Thermoelectric materials can use thermal differences to generate electricity. Now there is an inexpensive and environmentally friendly way of producing them with the simplest tools: a pencil, photocopy paper, and conductive paint. [19] A team of researchers with the University of California and SRI International has developed a new type of cooling device that is both portable and efficient. [18] Thermal conductivity is one of the most crucial physical properties of matter when it comes to understanding heat transport, hydrodynamic evolution and energy balance in systems ranging from astrophysical objects to fusion plasmas. [17]
Category: Quantum Physics

[174] viXra:1806.0204 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-14 06:37:47

Nonconstructive Infinity

Authors: Robert Yusupov
Comments: 8 Pages. In Russian (please learn Russian) Robert Yusupov <©> Nonconstructive Infinity June 14, 2018

Поговорим о бесконечности. Понятие бесконечности используется, например, в математике. Это очень продуктивное и результативное использование. Много замечательных открытий и выводов сделано в математике с помощью понятия бесконечность. Если же мы обратим наш взор на природу, то глядя в ночное звёздное небо к нам приходят мысли о бесконечности и вечности Вселенной и природы. Эти первые впечатления и мысли о бескрайности и вечности мироздания, природы человек переносит на своё понимание природы. Человек, большинство людей так и воспринимают природу и нашу Вселенную, как бесконечную в пространстве и вечную во времени. Пространство Вселенной, природы бесконечно, неограниченно, а существование Вселенной, природы вечно – вот вывод, которым довольствуются многие люди. ---------------+++++++++++++------------- Let's talk about infinity. The notion of infinity is used, for example, in mathematics. This is a very productive use. Many remarkable discoveries and conclusions have been made in mathematics with the help of the concept of infinity. If we turn our gaze to nature, then looking at the night starry sky, we come to the thought of the infinity and eternity of the universe and nature. These first impressions and thoughts about the vastness and eternity of the universe, nature, people endure on their understanding of nature. Man, most people perceive nature and our Universe as infinite in space and eternal in time. The space of the universe, of nature is infinite, unlimited, and the existence of the universe, of nature is eternal - this is the conclusion that many people are content with.
Category: History and Philosophy of Physics

[173] viXra:1806.0203 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-14 06:56:01

Atlantis as Anti-Semitism?

Authors: Leon Elshout
Comments: 2 Pages.

Why is Israel lacking in Plato's Atlantis story? While Atlantis was not "just" an island that existed in a remote past. It was in a crazy way mirrored from EndTimes Babylon and transformed into a contra creation story that existed with the frame of the Biblical concept Tzafon which means midnight. My 600 page book on Atlantis as EndTimes Babylon: http://roodgoudvanparvaim.nl/
Category: Religion and Spiritualism

[172] viXra:1806.0202 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-14 08:13:55

AI Needs Hardware Accelerators

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 44 Pages.

In a recent paper published in Nature, our IBM Research AI team demonstrated deep neural network (DNN) training with large arrays of analog memory devices at the same accuracy as a Graphical Processing Unit (GPU)-based system. [25] Physicists in the US have used machine learning to determine the phase diagram of a system of 12 idealized quantum particles to a higher precision than ever before. [24] The research group took advantage of a system at SLAC's Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) that combines machine learning—a form of artificial intelligence where computer algorithms glean knowledge from enormous amounts of data—with experiments that quickly make and screen hundreds of sample materials at a time. [23] Researchers at the UCLA Samueli School of Engineering have demonstrated that deep learning, a powerful form of artificial intelligence, can discern and enhance microscopic details in photos taken by smartphones. [22] Such are the big questions behind one of the new projects underway at the MIT-IBM Watson AI Laboratory, a collaboration for research on the frontiers of artificial intelligence. [21] The possibility of cognitive nuclear-spin processing came to Fisher in part through studies performed in the 1980s that reported a remarkable lithium isotope dependence on the behavior of mother rats. [20] And as will be presented today at the 25th annual meeting of the Cognitive Neuroscience Society (CNS), cognitive neuroscientists increasingly are using those emerging artificial networks to enhance their understanding of one of the most elusive intelligence systems, the human brain. [19] U.S. Army Research Laboratory scientists have discovered a way to leverage emerging brain-like computer architectures for an age-old number-theoretic problem known as integer factorization. [18] have come up with a novel machine learning method that enables scientists to derive insights from systems of previously intractable complexity in record time. [17]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[171] viXra:1806.0201 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-14 09:31:23

Nonclassical Harmonic Oscillators

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 52 Pages.

The physicists, S. Bose at University College London; D. Home at the Bose Institute in Kolkata, India; and S. Mal at the S.N. Bose National Center for Basic Science in Kolkata, India, have published a paper on the nonclassicality of a harmonic oscillator's most classical-like state in a recent issue of Physical Review Letters. [31] Imagine a metal bar that has been heated at one end. Instead of the heat gradually spreading over its entire length, the bar eventually becomes hot again at the place where it was originally. [30] A new benchmark quantum chemical calculation of C2, Si2, and their hydrides reveals a qualitative difference in the topologies of core electron orbitals of organic molecules and their silicon analogues. [29] A University of Central Florida team has designed a nanostructured optical sensor that for the first time can efficiently detect molecular chirality—a property of molecular spatial twist that defines its biochemical properties. [28] UCLA scientists and engineers have developed a new process for assembling semiconductor devices. [27] A new experiment that tests the limit of how large an object can be before it ceases to behave quantum mechanically has been proposed by physicists in the UK and India. [26]
Category: Quantum Physics

[170] viXra:1806.0200 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-14 10:34:59

High-Performance Magnetic Sensors

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 47 Pages.

Magnetic sensors play a key role in a variety of applications, such as speed and position sensing in the automotive industry or in biomedical applications. [28] UCLA scientists and engineers have developed a new process for assembling semiconductor devices. [27] A new experiment that tests the limit of how large an object can be before it ceases to behave quantum mechanically has been proposed by physicists in the UK and India. [26] Phonons are discrete units of vibrational energy predicted by quantum mechanics that correspond to collective oscillations of atoms inside a molecule or a crystal. [25] This achievement is considered as an important landmark for the realization of practical application of photon upconversion technology. [24] Considerable interest in new single-photon detector technologies has been scaling in this past decade. [23] Engineers develop key mathematical formula for driving quantum experiments. [22] Physicists are developing quantum simulators, to help solve problems that are beyond the reach of conventional computers. [21] Engineers at Australia's University of New South Wales have invented a radical new architecture for quantum computing, based on novel 'flip-flop qubits', that promises to make the large-scale manufacture of quantum chips dramatically cheaper-and easier-than thought possible. [20] A team of researchers from the U.S. and Italy has built a quantum memory device that is approximately 1000 times smaller than similar devices— small enough to install on a chip. [19] The cutting edge of data storage research is working at the level of individual atoms and molecules, representing the ultimate limit of technological miniaturisation. [18] This is an important clue for our theoretical understanding of optically controlled magnetic data storage media. [17]
Category: Condensed Matter

[169] viXra:1806.0199 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-14 10:53:49

Feynman was Right

Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 2 Pages.

an article about "the moment of truth" in the history of physics, now. an "all or nothing" test is offered.
Category: Quantum Physics

[168] viXra:1806.0198 [pdf] replaced on 2019-05-04 17:55:55

Вывод общего вида кинематики с универсальной системой отсчета (In Russian)

Authors: Karol Szostek, Roman Szostek
Comments: 21 Pages. The new physical theory called the Special Theory of Ether (in Russian).

В статье выведен целый класс преобразований времени и положения. Эти преобразования выведены на основе анализа эксперимента Майкельсона-Морли и его усовершенствованной версии – эксперимента Кеннеди-Торндайка. На основе каждого из этих преобразований можно вывести другую кинематику тел. Таким способом мы продемонстрировали, что Специальная теория относительности (СТО) не является единственной теорией, объясняющей результаты экспериментов со светом. Существует целый континуум теорий кинематики тел, которые правильно объясняют эксперимент Майкельсона-Морли, а также другие эксперименты, в которых измеряют скорость света. На основе выведенных преобразований получаем общий вид выражения для скорости света в вакууме, измеренной в произвольной инерциальной системе отсчета (ИСО). Мы объясняем, почему эксперименты Майкельсона-Морли и Кеннеди-Торндайка не смогли выявить наличие эфира. Представляем и обсуждаем три примера конкретных преобразований. В заключение объясняем явление анизотропии реликтового излучения (РИ) с использованием представленной теории. Представленную в данной работе теорию мы назвали Специальной теорией эфира (СТЭ) – с произвольным поперечным сокращением. Статья содержит лишь оригинальные исследования, поведенные ее авторами.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[167] viXra:1806.0197 [pdf] replaced on 2018-07-18 13:11:59

A Non-standard Model of Physics

Authors: Ratikanta Das
Comments: 20 pages

This new model, which is quite different from standard model of physics, asserts that our universe is four dimensional created by two kinds of four dimensional (4D) hyper spherical particles and every object in universe moves as wave due to local transverse motion of these 4D particles. The new model supports an alternate cosmology quite different from ‘The hypothesis of expanding universe with big bang origin’. Everyone will be surprised to know that theories and equations obtained from this new cosmology are able to give simple explanations of many puzzles of physics such as: internal structure of fundamental particle, origin of mass, origin of charge, origin of strong force, wave- particle duality of matter and radiation and some others. Our new model stands on classical mechanics, but it supports quantum mechanics by deriving Schrödinger equation and de Broglie hypothesis. The model also describes a four dimensional classical technique (named as spiral transformation) for conversion of radiation into matter and vice versa. According to our new model fundamental particles are created when four dimensional space deforms locally and equal magnitude of charges of fundamental particles is due to their similar shape. The model also gives an expression for unified Coulomb and strong force. It explains why electron-positron pair annihilates but electron-proton pair forms a stable combination and why n-n or p-p combination is unstable in spite of strong attractive force but n-p combination (deuteron) is stable.
Category: History and Philosophy of Physics

[166] viXra:1806.0196 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-14 12:53:36

Energy-Time Entangled Photons

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 54 Pages.

In an experiment, they succeeded in uncovering part of the mystery surrounding the so-called "entangled photons" and gaining fine control on the measured correlations. [33] A team from the Faculty of Physics, MSU, has developed a method for creating two beams of entangled photons to measure the delay between them. [32] In a new paper, however, physicists Flavio Del Santo at the University of Vienna and Borivoje Dakić at the Austrian Academy of Sciences have shown that, in the quantum world, information can travel in both directions simultaneously—a feature that is forbidden by the laws of classical physics. [31] Optical highways for light are at the heart of modern communications. But when it comes to guiding individual blips of light called photons, reliable transit is far less common. [30] Theoretical physicists propose to use negative interference to control heat flow in quantum devices. [29] Particle physicists are studying ways to harness the power of the quantum realm to further their research. [28] A fundamental barrier to scaling quantum computing machines is "qubit interference." In new research published in Science Advances, engineers and physicists from Rigetti Computing describe a breakthrough that can expand the size of practical quantum processors by reducing interference. [26] The search and manipulation of novel properties emerging from the quantum nature of matter could lead to next-generation electronics and quantum computers. [25] A research team from Lab) has found the first evidence that a shaking motion in the structure of an atomically thin (2-D) material possesses a naturally occurring circular rotation. [24]
Category: Quantum Physics

[165] viXra:1806.0195 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-14 20:38:17

Unification in Context

Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 1 Page.

imbued and derivable core features of our universe putting Unification concepts in context
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[164] viXra:1806.0194 [pdf] replaced on 2018-07-06 09:11:39

On Relativity and Absolutism in Morality

Authors: Jonathan W. Tooker
Comments: 1 Page.

We demonstrate that it is impossible for humans to implement moral absolutism. The resolution to any moral proposition is, in all cases, an implementation of moral relativity.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[163] viXra:1806.0193 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-14 23:31:48

A Simple Explanation of the Quantum Doctrine

Authors: Daniel Crespin
Comments: 8 Pages.

Quantum Mechanics is explained in simple terms, with its contradictions highlighted.
Category: Quantum Physics

[162] viXra:1806.0192 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-15 00:37:45

Pioneer Anomaly and Dimensions of Time

Authors: Ilgaitis Prūsis, Peteris Prūsis
Comments: 6 pages, 4 figures

The emergence and dimensions of Time are analyzed here on the basis of Newton gravitation law. The new Conception proposes that Time does not exist independently. The Time is the acceleration rate of the Universe expansion. Time has three dimensions: one is in the direction from Past to Future and two dimensions of the Present. The cause of Pioneer anomaly is taking into account only one time dimension of the Present.
Category: Classical Physics

[161] viXra:1806.0191 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-15 03:40:15

Single Ion Channel Currents

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 50 Pages.

Unsurprisingly, Burke and his colleagues are not the first to try to measure the currents of single ion channels. However, these measurements require a wide range of expertise covering both nanowires and physiology. [29] Magnetic sensors play a key role in a variety of applications, such as speed and position sensing in the automotive industry or in biomedical applications. [28] UCLA scientists and engineers have developed a new process for assembling semiconductor devices. [27] A new experiment that tests the limit of how large an object can be before it ceases to behave quantum mechanically has been proposed by physicists in the UK and India. [26] Phonons are discrete units of vibrational energy predicted by quantum mechanics that correspond to collective oscillations of atoms inside a molecule or a crystal. [25] This achievement is considered as an important landmark for the realization of practical application of photon upconversion technology. [24] Considerable interest in new single-photon detector technologies has been scaling in this past decade. [23] Engineers develop key mathematical formula for driving quantum experiments. [22] Physicists are developing quantum simulators, to help solve problems that are beyond the reach of conventional computers. [21] Engineers at Australia's University of New South Wales have invented a radical new architecture for quantum computing, based on novel 'flip-flop qubits', that promises to make the large-scale manufacture of quantum chips dramatically cheaper-and easier-than thought possible. [20] A team of researchers from the U.S. and Italy has built a quantum memory device that is approximately 1000 times smaller than similar devices— small enough to install on a chip. [19] The cutting edge of data storage research is working at the level of individual atoms and molecules, representing the ultimate limit of technological miniaturisation. [18]
Category: Condensed Matter

[160] viXra:1806.0190 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-13 06:14:48

Satanic Conspiracy at the RHIC

Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 3 Pages.

a critical review of arXiv ref 1507.07158 and recommendations
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[159] viXra:1806.0186 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-13 08:01:15

System Returned to Initial State

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 50 Pages.

Imagine a metal bar that has been heated at one end. Instead of the heat gradually spreading over its entire length, the bar eventually becomes hot again at the place where it was originally. [30] A new benchmark quantum chemical calculation of C2, Si2, and their hydrides reveals a qualitative difference in the topologies of core electron orbitals of organic molecules and their silicon analogues. [29] A University of Central Florida team has designed a nanostructured optical sensor that for the first time can efficiently detect molecular chirality—a property of molecular spatial twist that defines its biochemical properties. [28] UCLA scientists and engineers have developed a new process for assembling semiconductor devices. [27] A new experiment that tests the limit of how large an object can be before it ceases to behave quantum mechanically has been proposed by physicists in the UK and India. [26] Phonons are discrete units of vibrational energy predicted by quantum mechanics that correspond to collective oscillations of atoms inside a molecule or a crystal. [25] This achievement is considered as an important landmark for the realization of practical application of photon upconversion technology. [24] Considerable interest in new single-photon detector technologies has been scaling in this past decade. [23] Engineers develop key mathematical formula for driving quantum experiments. [22] Physicists are developing quantum simulators, to help solve problems that are beyond the reach of conventional computers. [21] Engineers at Australia's University of New South Wales have invented a radical new architecture for quantum computing, based on novel 'flip-flop qubits', that promises to make the large-scale manufacture of quantum chips dramatically cheaper-and easier-than thought possible. [20]
Category: Quantum Physics

[158] viXra:1806.0185 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-13 08:41:17

Conical Intersections

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 48 Pages.

Absorption of light energy by large molecules is what drives nature: photosynthesis, vision, the synthesis of vitamin D and many other critical processes use light energy to perform their functions. [29] A University of Central Florida team has designed a nanostructured optical sensor that for the first time can efficiently detect molecular chirality—a property of molecular spatial twist that defines its biochemical properties. [28] UCLA scientists and engineers have developed a new process for assembling semiconductor devices. [27] A new experiment that tests the limit of how large an object can be before it ceases to behave quantum mechanically has been proposed by physicists in the UK and India. [26] Phonons are discrete units of vibrational energy predicted by quantum mechanics that correspond to collective oscillations of atoms inside a molecule or a crystal. [25] This achievement is considered as an important landmark for the realization of practical application of photon upconversion technology. [24] Considerable interest in new single-photon detector technologies has been scaling in this past decade. [23] Engineers develop key mathematical formula for driving quantum experiments. [22] Physicists are developing quantum simulators, to help solve problems that are beyond the reach of conventional computers. [21] Engineers at Australia's University of New South Wales have invented a radical new architecture for quantum computing, based on novel 'flip-flop qubits', that promises to make the large-scale manufacture of quantum chips dramatically cheaper-and easier-than thought possible. [20] A team of researchers from the U.S. and Italy has built a quantum memory device that is approximately 1000 times smaller than similar devices— small enough to install on a chip. [19]
Category: Physics of Biology

[157] viXra:1806.0184 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-13 09:41:10

Introduction of Emergent and Fission Classifications to Paired-Object Systems for Morphological Taxonomy

Authors: Tarzan Graystone
Comments: 25 Pages.

The scope of this exercise is not to propose any initiation mechanism1 for proband systems but rather to follow the latter components of an emergent system event and extrapolate a timeline, to connect the dots, in a lineage of multi-object systems from , primordial emergent anlage to a fission system. These taxonomic classifications will resolve multi-object morphological dilemmas. The next publication will include discussions of larger family groups.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[156] viXra:1806.0183 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-13 11:18:39

Why it is Hard to Understand – And, Therefore, Explain – Quantum Math

Authors: Jean Louis Van Belle
Comments: 14 Pages.

If mathematics is the queen of science, then physics might well be the king. It successes are obvious. However, as a science, physics may have failed in one regard, and that is to explain what its basic concepts – such as state vectors, wavefunctions, and transformation matrices – actually represent. When studying quantum mechanics, it is, effectively, hard to keep up the initial enthusiasm, and those who branch out to other fields – which is most of us – quickly end up going through the motions only: we regurgitate models and equations and know how to solve the standard problems, so as to pass the exam, but then forget about them as soon as possible. This paper explores a very intuitive sentiment about the issue: the wavefunction is a rather ‘flat’ mathematical object – it is two-dimensional, basically – so it can’t do the trick, perhaps. In contrast, Maxwell’s equations have real vectors in them, which is why a deeper or more intuitive understanding of electromagnetism comes relatively easily. Indeed, when everything is said and done, we are just human beings living in three-dimensional space, and that is why vector equations (or systems of vector equations), as a mathematical tool, make sense to us. This paper further explores this sentiment. It also offers a way out by, predictably, presenting yet another possible physical interpretation of the wavefunction. More importantly (for the reviewer of this paper, at least), this paper offers a sensible response to the mainstream view that three-dimensional physical interpretations of the wavefunction cannot make any sense because of the weird 720° symmetry of the wavefunction when describing spin-1/2 particles (fermions or – for all practical purposes – electrons). The author does so by analyzing (1) Dirac’s belt trick more in detail – and what it implies in terms of the interaction between the observer and the object – as well as (2) Feynman’s derivation of the transformation matrices for spin-1/2 two-state systems.
Category: Quantum Physics

[155] viXra:1806.0182 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-13 13:10:05

Satanic Doctoring of Data in Government Labs

Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 2 Pages.

in some ways, I hope I'm wrong
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[154] viXra:1806.0181 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-13 23:58:53

Fractal Structure of the Spacetime, the Fundamentally Broken Symmetry

Authors: Victor Paromov
Comments: 15 Pages.

It is expected that the full unification is achievable within a quantum field theory “beyond the SM” (Standard Model). An alternative approach is the Kaluza-Klein (KK) extension of the General Relativity (GR) with extra dimensions. However, there is a third possibility that no unification is achievable due to the specific fractal structure of the spacetime and the unique position of the observer situated inside the ordinary (gravitational) subspace and outside the compact extra dimensions, the geometry of which governs particle interactions. The Fractal spacetime concept (FSC) is proposed in order to support the General principle of interaction (GPI), which postulates that all the nature’s forces with no exceptions are governed by the spacetime geometry. The FSC postulates that the spacetime includes three separate subspaces (in addition to the time dimension): the three-dimensional ordinary subspace, the atomic-sized fifth dimension sufficient to explain the electromagnetism, and the set of three nuclear-sized dimensions sufficient to explain the nuclear forces. The spacetime has a simple fractal structure: each of the three subspaces presumably has a spherical shape with the sizes decreased tremendously from one subspace to another. The size differences are responsible for the separation of the subspaces and gradually increased action powers of the three fundamental fields: gravitational, electroweak and strong fields. The present letter shows that the SM equations actually describe the extradimensional spacetime deformations approximated as the gauge quantum fields. With the geometrical approach, the SM can be simplified, as only four types of elementary spacetime deformations (extradimensional waves) are needed: electron, positron, uuu, and ūūū quark triplets. All other elementary particles including photons and gluons are binding states or/and wave polarization modes of the above-mentioned waves. The neutrinos, the weak bosons, and the Higg’s particle are avoided. All particles’ interactions are governed by the positive or negative extradimensional curvatures and the spin-related torsion induced in the nuclear or electromagnetic subspace by the color or electric charges (respectively). The particles’ gravitational interactions are governed by the charge-induced deformations of the ordinary subspace described by the Higg’s field. With the FSC, the GPI explains the geometry-based unified nature of all known interactions. However, a single unified field theory is not possible in principle due to the observational difference between the large geometry of the ordinary subspace and the compact geometry of the extra dimensions. Thus, in general, the FSC supports both the GR and the SM. In special cases, however, it will require quantum field descriptions of gravitational interactions.
Category: Quantum Physics

[153] viXra:1806.0180 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-14 01:45:05

Quantum Entangled Internet

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 48 Pages.

Researchers at QuTech in Delft have succeeded in generating quantum entanglement between two quantum chips faster than the entanglement is lost. [28] Scientists at the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory are conducting fundamental physics research that will lead to more control over mercurial quantum systems and materials. [27] Physicists in Italy have designed a " quantum battery " that they say could be built using today's solid-state technology. [26] Researches of scientists from South Ural State University are implemented within this area. [25] Following three years of extensive research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HU) physicist Dr. Uriel Levy and his team have created technology that will enable computers and all optic communication devices to run 100 times faster through terahertz microchips. [24] When the energy efficiency of electronics poses a challenge, magnetic materials may have a solution. [23] An exotic state of matter that is dazzling scientists with its electrical properties, can also exhibit unusual optical properties, as shown in a theoretical study by researchers at A*STAR. [22] The breakthrough was made in the lab of Andrea Alù, director of the ASRC's Photonics Initiative. Alù and his colleagues from The City College of New York, University of Texas at Austin and Tel Aviv University were inspired by the seminal work of three British researchers who won the 2016 Noble Prize in Physics for their work, which teased out that particular properties of matter (such as electrical conductivity) can be preserved in certain materials despite continuous changes in the matter's form or shape. [21] Researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have developed a new technology for switching heat flows 'on' or 'off'. [20] Thermoelectric materials can use thermal differences to generate electricity. Now there is an inexpensive and environmentally friendly way of producing them with the simplest tools: a pencil, photocopy paper, and conductive paint. [19] A team of researchers with the University of California and SRI International has developed a new type of cooling device that is both portable and efficient. [18]
Category: Digital Signal Processing

[152] viXra:1806.0179 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-14 03:30:42

Exact Weight Perfect Matching of Bipartite Graph Problem Simplified

Authors: Thinh D. Nguyen
Comments: 2 Pages.

The study of perebor dates back to the Soviet-era mathematics, especially in the 1980s [1]. Post-Soviet mathematicians has been working on many problems in combinatorial optimization. One of them is Exact Weight Perfect Matching of Bipartite Graph (EWPM).This particular problem has been thoroughly considered by [2], [3], [4]. In this note, we give a simpler proof about the solvability of EWPM.
Category: Combinatorics and Graph Theory

[151] viXra:1806.0178 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-12 05:32:04

Further Discussions on Geometric Interactions

Authors: Vu B Ho
Comments: 9 Pages.

In this work we discuss further the geometric interactions resulted from the coupling of n-cells that are decomposed from CW complexes. As an illustration, we discuss whether a gravitational field can be considered as the result of a geometric and topological coupling of two decomposed sub-manifolds from CW complexes in terms of Gaussian curvatures of two-dimensional manifolds.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[150] viXra:1806.0177 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-12 07:16:28

NIST Neutron Detection Method

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 23 Pages.

To solve the problem, a NIST team found a way to replace expensive and scarce helium-3 gas with previously studied crystals of more abundant materials. Their improved approach achieved greater than 90 percent efficiency in detecting neutrons, making it a viable alternative. [13] A spallation neutron source has been used by physicists in Japan to search for possible violations of the inverse square law of gravity. [12] Physicists have proposed a way to test quantum gravity that, in principle, could be performed by a laser-based, table-top experiment using currently available technology. [11] Now however, a new type of materials, the so-called Weyl semimetals, similar to 3-D graphene, allow us to put the symmetry destructing quantum anomaly to work in everyday phenomena, such as the creation of electric current. [10] Physicist Professor Chunnong Zhao and his recent PhD students Haixing Miao and Yiqiu Ma are members of an international team that has created a particularly exciting new design for gravitational wave detectors. [9] A proposal for a gravitational-wave detector made of two space-based atomic clocks has been unveiled by physicists in the US. [8] The gravitational waves were detected by both of the twin Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) detectors, located in Livingston, Louisiana, and Hanford, Washington, USA. [7] A team of researchers with the University of Lisbon has created simulations that indicate that the gravitational waves detected by researchers with the LIGO project, and which are believed to have come about due to two black holes colliding, could just have easily come from another object such as a gravaster (objects which are believed to have their insides made of dark energy) or even a wormhole. In their paper published in Physical Review Letters, the team describes the simulations they created, what was seen and what they are hoping to find in the future. [6] In a landmark discovery for physics and astronomy, international scientists said Thursday they have glimpsed the first direct evidence of gravitational waves, or ripples in space-time, which Albert Einstein predicted a century ago. [5] Scientists at the National Institute for Space Research in Brazil say an undiscovered type of matter could be found in neutron stars (illustration shown). Here matter is so dense that it could be 'squashed' into strange matter. This would create an entire 'strange star'-unlike anything we have seen. [4] The changing acceleration of the electrons explains the created negative electric field of the magnetic induction, the electromagnetic inertia, the changing relativistic mass and the Gravitational Force, giving a Unified Theory of the physical forces. Taking into account the Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators also, we can explain the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions.
Category: Condensed Matter

[149] viXra:1806.0176 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-12 08:24:06

Why I Will Never Receive the Nobel Prize in Physics

Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 3 Pages.

5 reasons why and a reasonable compromise
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[148] viXra:1806.0175 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-12 09:19:38

Ami: Reconsideration of Axioms for The Real Number

Authors: Yuki Yoshino
Comments: 13 Pages.

The number 0 has no distinction between positive and negative as -0 =+0, it is a number with special properties. In this paper, we define a new concept of numbers that seems to be special, like 0, it's name is Ami.And I propose new axioms of real numbers extended by adding Ami to Hilbert 's real axiom.
Category: Number Theory

[147] viXra:1806.0174 [pdf] replaced on 2018-06-14 05:19:35

Kinetic Reevaluation on Heavy Metal Ions Adsorption by Arrowhead Plant (Sagittaria Trifolia L.) Stalkusing Using Deactivation Kinetics Model

Authors: Un-Ju Pak, Yon-Chol Kim, Chol Sin, Chang-Nam Ri, Ok-Sun Bok
Comments: 8 Pages.

The heavy metal ions adsorption from aqueous solution by arrowhead plant (Sagittaria trifolia L.) [J Food Biochem. 2018;42:e12448] stalk was reevaluated using deactivation kinetics model (DKM). As the result, the reaction orders were newly evaluated and the adsorption rate constants of each component were calculated and compared. Keywords: Adsorption Kinetics, Heterogeneous Reaction, Deactivation Kinetics Model
Category: Biochemistry

[146] viXra:1806.0173 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-12 10:47:39

Physical Foundations of Mathematics in Theory of Emergent Space-Time-Matter (In Russian)

Authors: Andrey N. Smirnov
Comments: 2 Pages.

The physical foundations of mathematics in the theory of emergent space-time-matter were considered. It is shown that mathematics, including logic, is a consequence of equation which describes the fundamental field. If the most fundamental level were described not by mathematics, but something else, then instead of mathematics there would be consequences of this something else.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[145] viXra:1806.0172 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-12 13:00:49

Quantum LEGO

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 45 Pages.

The results expand the set of available tools for the 'quantum LEGO' of building ultracold molecules from atoms. [27] A new experiment that tests the limit of how large an object can be before it ceases to behave quantum mechanically has been proposed by physicists in the UK and India. [26] Phonons are discrete units of vibrational energy predicted by quantum mechanics that correspond to collective oscillations of atoms inside a molecule or a crystal. [25] This achievement is considered as an important landmark for the realization of practical application of photon upconversion technology. [24] Considerable interest in new single-photon detector technologies has been scaling in this past decade. [23] Engineers develop key mathematical formula for driving quantum experiments. [22] Physicists are developing quantum simulators, to help solve problems that are beyond the reach of conventional computers. [21] Engineers at Australia's University of New South Wales have invented a radical new architecture for quantum computing, based on novel 'flip-flop qubits', that promises to make the large-scale manufacture of quantum chips dramatically cheaper-and easier-than thought possible. [20] A team of researchers from the U.S. and Italy has built a quantum memory device that is approximately 1000 times smaller than similar devices— small enough to install on a chip. [19] The cutting edge of data storage research is working at the level of individual atoms and molecules, representing the ultimate limit of technological miniaturisation. [18] This is an important clue for our theoretical understanding of optically controlled magnetic data storage media. [17] A crystalline material that changes shape in response to light could form the heart of novel light-activated devices. [16]
Category: Quantum Physics

[144] viXra:1806.0171 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-12 13:27:38

Tarshish as Great Britain and the Dilemma with Atlantis

Authors: Leon Elshout
Comments: 1 Page.

Tarshish in Ezekiel 38:13 is a mighty seafaring island with colonies that exists in the End Times. What else could Tarshish be than Great-Britain? If Jonah tried to escape to Tarshish, the this means that the Strait of Gibraltar was NOT blocked due to the mud of Atlantis as Plato stated in Critias 108. Tarshish is actually after Israel the second most important country in the Bible. In Isaiah 2:16 we read about God's punishment on Tarshish. There is certainly an Atlantis aura over Tarshish. My book on Atlantis as Babylon: http://roodgoudvanparvaim.nl/
Category: Religion and Spiritualism

[143] viXra:1806.0170 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-12 13:24:17

Quantum Puddles

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 48 Pages.

A team of physicists at the University of Vermont have discovered a fundamentally new way surfaces can get wet. [28] The results expand the set of available tools for the 'quantum LEGO' of building ultracold molecules from atoms. [27] A new experiment that tests the limit of how large an object can be before it ceases to behave quantum mechanically has been proposed by physicists in the UK and India. [26] Phonons are discrete units of vibrational energy predicted by quantum mechanics that correspond to collective oscillations of atoms inside a molecule or a crystal. [25] This achievement is considered as an important landmark for the realization of practical application of photon upconversion technology. [24] Considerable interest in new single-photon detector technologies has been scaling in this past decade. [23] Engineers develop key mathematical formula for driving quantum experiments. [22] Physicists are developing quantum simulators, to help solve problems that are beyond the reach of conventional computers. [21] Engineers at Australia's University of New South Wales have invented a radical new architecture for quantum computing, based on novel 'flip-flop qubits', that promises to make the large-scale manufacture of quantum chips dramatically cheaper-and easier-than thought possible. [20] A team of researchers from the U.S. and Italy has built a quantum memory device that is approximately 1000 times smaller than similar devices— small enough to install on a chip. [19] The cutting edge of data storage research is working at the level of individual atoms and molecules, representing the ultimate limit of technological miniaturisation. [18] This is an important clue for our theoretical understanding of optically controlled magnetic data storage media. [17]
Category: Quantum Physics

[142] viXra:1806.0169 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-12 14:19:31

Unequivocal Proof Wikipedia, the Nobel Committee, and Physics Have Been Satanically Manipulated

Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 3 Pages.

circumstantial evidence, as in a civil case, how we've been manipulated
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[141] viXra:1806.0167 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-12 15:28:38

My 12 Favorite Bugs

Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 1 Page.

a humorous brief essay
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[140] viXra:1806.0166 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-12 16:33:18

Theory of Everything Part Four on Gases and Liquids

Authors: Yahya Awad Sharif Mohammed
Comments: 2 Pages. Author's Email: yahya-sharif@hotmail.com

Explaining gases and liquids according to my new theory of everything, my theory of everything part three link : http://vixra.org/abs/1806.0157
Category: Classical Physics

[139] viXra:1806.0165 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-12 18:28:14

The Physical Cause of Gravitation

Authors: Glenn Borchardt
Comments: 5 Pages.

The physical cause of gravitation is simple: the collision of one thing with another. Here I propose that the unseen particles involved in these collisions provide the acceleration that drives gravitation. We do not know exactly what these particles are, but it is clear they must be decelerated in the process. Here I assume they are “aether” particles, as distinguished from the anathematic fixed “ether” particles nullified by the famous Michelson-Morley experiment. Having been decelerated, aether particles become lethargic, tending to hang around whatever baryonic matter was involved in the collision. Like the nitrogen in Earth’s atmosphere, these aether particles are entrained, attached to Earth as a far-reaching “dark matter” halo. They provide the physical reason for interpretations of gravity calling for “curved space.” At low altitudes this entrained “aetherosphere” allows little of the “ether wind” that Michelson and Morley tried to measure. The upshot: proximal aether is less active (lower pressure) than distal aether (higher pressure). Things in the vicinity of massive objects receive stronger impacts from the distal side of the halo than from the proximal side. This Aether Deceleration Theory is supported by much of the data generally considered as confirmation of General Relativity Theory.
Category: Classical Physics

[138] viXra:1806.0164 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-12 18:42:24

Definition in a Little Strict Time

Authors: Junnichi Fujii
Comments: 2 Pages.

Theoretical ambiguousness is left about the unit of over 7 base units of the system international d'unites and time. Equally, ambiguousness is also left Planck time in Planck unit course. What is time after all for the most important problem? What is meant with time? The point which isn't defined sufficiently about these. So time is defined using a boson and verifies how the definition functions. Physics of existence such as N dynamics and a general relativities doesn't turn big by this. But, more specifically of the behavior when using this definition, which limits the degree of freedom of time, and is time, it can be understood, seem for come. The phenomenon which comes to have the short life of an independent neutron extremely can also be explained naturally.
Category: Classical Physics

[137] viXra:1806.0163 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-12 20:36:01

Ganymede on the Wolynski-Taylor Diagram: No Life Now or in the Past

Authors: Jeffrey Joseph Wolynski
Comments: 3 Pages. 1 diagram

Ganymede is a unique remnant. The variables need to be worked out more in depth. It is proposed as a challenge for future developers of stellar metamorphosis to figure out if life formed on Ganymede based on first principles, or even principles that have yet to be discovered. It is suggested to follow the work of Daniel Archer and Jeremy L. England to further refine these conclusions. It is important to write about these matters, because as of 2018 there exists not a single theory that comes close to explaining how and why life should form on evolving stars, except for GTSM. I place Ganymede as moving too quickly to ocean world stages.
Category: Astrophysics

[136] viXra:1806.0161 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-13 03:36:25

Machine Learning Quantum Phases

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 42 Pages.

Physicists in the US have used machine learning to determine the phase diagram of a system of 12 idealized quantum particles to a higher precision than ever before. [24] The research group took advantage of a system at SLAC's Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) that combines machine learning—a form of artificial intelligence where computer algorithms glean knowledge from enormous amounts of data—with experiments that quickly make and screen hundreds of sample materials at a time. [23] Researchers at the UCLA Samueli School of Engineering have demonstrated that deep learning, a powerful form of artificial intelligence, can discern and enhance microscopic details in photos taken by smartphones. [22] Such are the big questions behind one of the new projects underway at the MIT-IBM Watson AI Laboratory, a collaboration for research on the frontiers of artificial intelligence. [21] The possibility of cognitive nuclear-spin processing came to Fisher in part through studies performed in the 1980s that reported a remarkable lithium isotope dependence on the behavior of mother rats. [20] And as will be presented today at the 25th annual meeting of the Cognitive Neuroscience Society (CNS), cognitive neuroscientists increasingly are using those emerging artificial networks to enhance their understanding of one of the most elusive intelligence systems, the human brain. [19] U.S. Army Research Laboratory scientists have discovered a way to leverage emerging brain-like computer architectures for an age-old number-theoretic problem known as integer factorization. [18] have come up with a novel machine learning method that enables scientists to derive insights from systems of previously intractable complexity in record time. [17] Quantum computers can be made to utilize effects such as quantum coherence and entanglement to accelerate machine learning. [16] Neural networks learn how to carry out certain tasks by analyzing large amounts of data displayed to them. [15]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[135] viXra:1806.0160 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-13 03:58:01

Molecules are Left or Right Handed

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 47 Pages.

A University of Central Florida team has designed a nanostructured optical sensor that for the first time can efficiently detect molecular chirality—a property of molecular spatial twist that defines its biochemical properties. [28] UCLA scientists and engineers have developed a new process for assembling semiconductor devices. [27] A new experiment that tests the limit of how large an object can be before it ceases to behave quantum mechanically has been proposed by physicists in the UK and India. [26] Phonons are discrete units of vibrational energy predicted by quantum mechanics that correspond to collective oscillations of atoms inside a molecule or a crystal. [25] This achievement is considered as an important landmark for the realization of practical application of photon upconversion technology. [24] Considerable interest in new single-photon detector technologies has been scaling in this past decade. [23] Engineers develop key mathematical formula for driving quantum experiments. [22] Physicists are developing quantum simulators, to help solve problems that are beyond the reach of conventional computers. [21] Engineers at Australia's University of New South Wales have invented a radical new architecture for quantum computing, based on novel 'flip-flop qubits', that promises to make the large-scale manufacture of quantum chips dramatically cheaper-and easier-than thought possible. [20] A team of researchers from the U.S. and Italy has built a quantum memory device that is approximately 1000 times smaller than similar devices— small enough to install on a chip. [19] The cutting edge of data storage research is working at the level of individual atoms and molecules, representing the ultimate limit of technological miniaturisation. [18] This is an important clue for our theoretical understanding of optically controlled magnetic data storage media. [17]
Category: Condensed Matter

[134] viXra:1806.0159 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-13 04:42:55

Twist on Skyrmions

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 51 Pages.

A skyrmion is the magnetic version of a tornado which is obtained by replacing the air parcels that make up the tornado by magnetic spins, and by scaling the system down to the nanometre scale. [30] A new material created by Oregon State University researchers is a key step toward the next generation of supercomputers. [29] Magnetic materials that form helical structures—coiled shapes comparable to a spiral staircase or the double helix strands of a DNA molecule—occasionally exhibit exotic behavior that could improve information processing in hard drives and other digital devices. [28] In a new study, researchers have designed "invisible" magnetic sensors—sensors that are magnetically invisible so that they can still detect but do not distort the surrounding magnetic fields. [27] At Carnegie Mellon University, Materials Science and Engineering Professor Mike McHenry and his research group are developing metal amorphous nanocomposite materials (MANC), or magnetic materials whose nanocrystals have been grown out of an amorphous matrix to create a two phase magnetic material that exploits both the attractive magnetic inductions of the nanocrystals and the large electrical resistance of a metallic glass. [26] The search and manipulation of novel properties emerging from the quantum nature of matter could lead to next-generation electronics and quantum computers. [25] A research team from Lab) has found the first evidence that a shaking motion in the structure of an atomically thin (2-D) material possesses a naturally occurring circular rotation. [24] Topological effects, such as those found in crystals whose surfaces conduct electricity while their bulk does not, have been an exciting topic of physics research in recent years and were the subject of the 2016 Nobel Prize in physics. [23] A new technique developed by MIT researchers reveals the inner details of photonic crystals, synthetic materials whose exotic optical properties are the subject of widespread research. [22]
Category: Condensed Matter

[133] viXra:1806.0158 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-13 05:05:53

Cell Imaging Breakthrough

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 46 Pages.

A Virginia Commonwealth University researcher has developed a procedure for identifying the source of cells present in a forensic biological sample that could change how cell types are identified in samples across numerous industries. [25] In work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland in College Park, researchers have devised and demonstrated a new way to measure free energy. [24] A novel technique developed by researchers at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) will help shine new light on biological questions by improving the quality and quantity of information that can be extracted in fluorescence microscopy. [23] Micro-computed tomography or "micro-CT" is X-ray imaging in 3-D, by the same method used in hospital CT (or "CAT") scans, but on a small scale with massively increased resolution. [22] A new experimental method permits the X-ray analysis of amyloids, a class of large, filamentous biomolecules which are an important hallmark of diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. [12] Thumb through any old science textbook, and you'll likely find RNA described as little more than a means to an end, a kind of molecular scratch paper used to construct the proteins encoded in DNA. [20] Just like any long polymer chain, DNA tends to form knots. Using technology that allows them to stretch DNA molecules and image the behavior of these knots, MIT researchers have discovered, for the first time, the factors that determine whether a knot moves along the strand or "jams" in place. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18] An LMU team now reveals the inner workings of a molecular motor made of proteins which packs and unpacks DNA. [17]
Category: Physics of Biology

[132] viXra:1806.0157 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-11 05:47:31

Theory of Everything Part Three on Geiger-Marsden Experiment

Authors: Yahya Awad Sharif Mohammed
Comments: 2 Pages. Author's Email: yahya-sharif@hotmail.com , my theory of everything link : http://vixra.org/abs/1806.0055

Invalidating Geiger-marsden experiment according to my new theory of everything, my theory of everything link : http://vixra.org/abs/1806.0055
Category: Classical Physics

[131] viXra:1806.0156 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-11 07:17:13

Find the Mass of Neutrino

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 68 Pages.

Researchers in Germany have started collecting data with a 60 million euro ($71 million) machine designed to help determine the mass of the universe's lightest particle. [39] By analyzing data collected over eight years ago, scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Argonne National Laboratory and Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory have made a potentially groundbreaking discovery. [38] Now, in a new result unveiled today at the Neutrino 2018 conference in Heidelberg, Germany, the collaboration has announced its first results using antineutrinos, and has seen strong evidence of muon antineutrinos oscillating into electron antineutrinos over long distances, a phenomenon that has never been unambiguously observed. [37] The Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum Experiment (PROSPECT) has completed the installation of a novel antineutrino detector that will probe the possible existence of a new form of matter. [36] The MINERvA collaboration analyzed data from the interactions of an antineutrino— the antimatter partner of a neutrino—with a nucleus. [35] The inclusion of short-range interactions in models of neutrinoless double-beta decay could impact the interpretation of experimental searches for the elusive decay. [34] The occasional decay of neutrons into dark matter particles could solve a long-standing discrepancy in neutron decay experiments. [33] The U.S. Department of Energy has approved funding and start of construction for the SuperCDMS SNOLAB experiment, which will begin operations in the early 2020s to hunt for hypothetical dark matter particles called weakly interacting massive particles, or WIMPs. [32] Thanks to low-noise superconducting quantum amplifiers invented at the University of California, Berkeley, physicists are now embarking on the most sensitive search yet for axions, one of today's top candidates for dark matter. [31]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[130] viXra:1806.0155 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-11 08:40:43

Photon Leaks for Quantum Supremacy

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 61 Pages.

A team of researchers from China, Germany and the U.S. has found that boson sampling with photons is a viable option for testing for quantum supremacy, despite photons leaking from a given test system. [37] A new theoretical model involves squeezing light to just the right amount to accurately transmit information using subatomic particles. [36] The standard approach to building a quantum computer with majoranas as building blocks is to convert them into qubits. However, a promising application of quantum computing—quantum chemistry—would require these qubits to be converted again into so-called fermions. [35] Scientists have shown how an optical chip can simulate the motion of atoms within molecules at the quantum level, which could lead to better ways of creating chemicals for use as pharmaceuticals. [34] Chinese scientists Xianmin Jin and his colleagues from Shanghai Jiao Tong University have successfully fabricated the largest-scaled quantum chip and demonstrated the first two-dimensional quantum walks of single photons in real spatial space, which may provide a powerful platform to boost analog quantum computing for quantum supremacy. [33] To address this technology gap, a team of engineers from the National University of Singapore (NUS) has developed an innovative microchip, named BATLESS, that can continue to operate even when the battery runs out of energy. [32] Stanford researchers have developed a water-based battery that could provide a cheap way to store wind or solar energy generated when the sun is shining and wind is blowing so it can be fed back into the electric grid and be redistributed when demand is high. [31] Researchers at AMOLF and the University of Texas have circumvented this problem with a vibrating glass ring that interacts with light. They thus created a microscale circulator that directionally routes light on an optical chip without using magnets. [30] Researchers have discovered three distinct variants of magnetic domain walls in the helimagnet iron germanium (FeGe). [29]
Category: Quantum Physics

[129] viXra:1806.0154 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-11 09:17:00

Antimatter and Time

Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 1 Page.

the explanation for baryon asymmetry
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[128] viXra:1806.0153 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-11 09:39:16

Quantum Behavior in Nanocrystal

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 42 Pages.

A new experiment that tests the limit of how large an object can be before it ceases to behave quantum mechanically has been proposed by physicists in the UK and India. [26] Phonons are discrete units of vibrational energy predicted by quantum mechanics that correspond to collective oscillations of atoms inside a molecule or a crystal. [25] This achievement is considered as an important landmark for the realization of practical application of photon upconversion technology. [24] Considerable interest in new single-photon detector technologies has been scaling in this past decade. [23] Engineers develop key mathematical formula for driving quantum experiments. [22] Physicists are developing quantum simulators, to help solve problems that are beyond the reach of conventional computers. [21] Engineers at Australia's University of New South Wales have invented a radical new architecture for quantum computing, based on novel 'flip-flop qubits', that promises to make the large-scale manufacture of quantum chips dramatically cheaper-and easier-than thought possible. [20] A team of researchers from the U.S. and Italy has built a quantum memory device that is approximately 1000 times smaller than similar devices— small enough to install on a chip. [19] The cutting edge of data storage research is working at the level of individual atoms and molecules, representing the ultimate limit of technological miniaturisation. [18] This is an important clue for our theoretical understanding of optically controlled magnetic data storage media. [17] A crystalline material that changes shape in response to light could form the heart of novel light-activated devices. [16] Now a team of Penn State electrical engineers have a way to simultaneously control diverse optical properties of dielectric waveguides by using a two-layer coating, each layer with a near zero thickness and weight. [15]
Category: Quantum Physics

[127] viXra:1806.0152 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-11 10:39:19

Again About the "Twin Paradox" (English Version)

Authors: V.A. Kasimov
Comments: 12 Pages. English

As often in discussions of the theory of relativity denied the existence of the twin paradox, there is a need to dwell on this again. It is shown that the formal means of SRT and GRT a paradox twins are not resolved.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[126] viXra:1806.0151 [pdf] replaced on 2018-06-12 06:16:50

Paths in the Universe

Authors: Timoteo Briet Blanes
Comments: 14 Pages.

The fact of named one event as unpredictable, is to assume ignorance. Our goal so, is know the evolution of any object or event. In the nature, there are many events with the same geometry, so is necessary to ask us, if there some think common for all these cases, some law able to means these examples. That is the main goal for me and this article: know how the nature think and decides, and create language mathematics, pretty and simple, in order to explain any event. In this article, I explain other vision of economy for example, and its evolution and also the relation between human feelings and the cosmos evolution through paths or ways. I love the knowledge and know the future based in the past.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[125] viXra:1806.0150 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-11 11:17:04

Speed Bumps for Electrons

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 45 Pages.

UCLA scientists and engineers have developed a new process for assembling semiconductor devices. [27] A new experiment that tests the limit of how large an object can be before it ceases to behave quantum mechanically has been proposed by physicists in the UK and India. [26] Phonons are discrete units of vibrational energy predicted by quantum mechanics that correspond to collective oscillations of atoms inside a molecule or a crystal. [25] This achievement is considered as an important landmark for the realization of practical application of photon upconversion technology. [24] Considerable interest in new single-photon detector technologies has been scaling in this past decade. [23] Engineers develop key mathematical formula for driving quantum experiments. [22] Physicists are developing quantum simulators, to help solve problems that are beyond the reach of conventional computers. [21] Engineers at Australia's University of New South Wales have invented a radical new architecture for quantum computing, based on novel 'flip-flop qubits', that promises to make the large-scale manufacture of quantum chips dramatically cheaper-and easier-than thought possible. [20] A team of researchers from the U.S. and Italy has built a quantum memory device that is approximately 1000 times smaller than similar devices— small enough to install on a chip. [19] The cutting edge of data storage research is working at the level of individual atoms and molecules, representing the ultimate limit of technological miniaturisation. [18] This is an important clue for our theoretical understanding of optically controlled magnetic data storage media. [17] A crystalline material that changes shape in response to light could form the heart of novel light-activated devices. [16]
Category: Condensed Matter

[124] viXra:1806.0149 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-11 21:15:18

The Theory of Electrodynamic Space-Time Relativity(Revision 4 / Chinese)

Authors: Yingtao Yang
Comments: 17 Pages. Chinese Version

Abstract: The theory of electrodynamic space-time relativity (TESTR) is the study of the transformation of time and space between two electrodynamic inertial frames of reference, which have both inertial velocity difference and electric potential difference. It is a fundamental space-time theory of theoretical physics based on the Einstein’s special theory of relativity (STR), the electric potential limit postulate and the high-precision experimental facts of the inversion proportional square law of Coulomb’s force. It also proposed new basic physical concepts, such as electric potential limit, quaternion velocity, quaternion electric potential, etc. The two basic physical quantities, electric potential, and velocity are unified through the form of quaternions. It revealed the inherent relationships between the quaternion velocity or the quaternion electric potential and space-time. In mathematical form, it starts with the special theory of relativity in the real form and develop into the complex form and then further into the quaternion form. In the physical sense, it expands the special relativity from having an only inertial frame of reference to having both the inertial frame of reference and electric equipotential frame of reference. This paper discusses in detail the process of establishing the theory of complex electrodynamic space-time relativity and theory of quaternion electrodynamic space-time relativity as well as their various conversions and transformations. With the use of the new concept of system time, it leads to the expression of the fundamental equations of TESTR to be as concise as the form of Galilean transformation. Also, its content is also more symmetrical and universal. It can correctly derive a set of more complex equations of the special three-dimensional theory of relativity. At the same time, proved that the special theory of relativity is a special case of TESTR, and found another important new special case: the theory of electric potential relativity (TEPR). The basic effects of TESTR were also discussed. It predicts some important new space-time change effects, for example, the electric potential time expansion effect. Such proposed effects would provide some theoretical basis for the experimental validation of TESTR. The appendix of the paper proves mathematically that the basic equations of the theory are consistent with the hypothesis.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[123] viXra:1806.0148 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-11 21:36:15

The Theory of Electrodynamic Space-Time Relativity (Revision 4 )

Authors: Yingtao Yang
Comments: 18 Pages. English Version

Abstract: The theory of electrodynamic space-time relativity (TESTR) is the study of the transformation of time and space between two electrodynamic inertial frames of reference, which have both inertial velocity difference and electric potential difference. It is a fundamental space-time theory of theoretical physics based on the Einstein’s special theory of relativity (STR), the electric potential limit postulate and the high-precision experimental facts of the inversion proportional square law of Coulomb’s force. It also proposed new basic physical concepts, such as electric potential limit, quaternion velocity, quaternion electric potential and etc. The two basic physical quantities, electric potential and velocity, are unified through the form of quaternions. It revealed the inherent relationships between the quaternion velocity or the quaternion electric potential and space-time. In mathematical form, it starts with the special theory of relativity in the real form and develop into the complex form and then further into the quaternion form. In the physical sense, it expands the special relativity from having an only inertial frame of reference to having both the inertial frame of reference and electric equipotential frame of reference. This paper discusses in detail the process of establishing the theory of complex electrodynamic space-time relativity and theory of quaternion electrodynamic space-time relativity as well as their various conversions and transformations. With the use of the new concept of system time, it leads to the expression of the fundamental equations of TESTR to be as concise as the form of Galilean transformation. In addition, its content is also more symmetrical and universal. It can correctly derive a set of more complex equations of the special three-dimensional theory of relativity. At the same time, proved that the special theory of relativity is a special case of TESTR, and found another important new special case: the theory of electric potential relativity (TEPR). The basic effects of TESTR were also discussed. It predicts some important new space-time change effects, for example, the electric potential time expansion effect. Such proposed effects would provide some theoretical basis for the experimental validation of TESTR. The appendix of the paper proves mathematically that the basic equations of the theory are consistent with the hypothesis. Keyword: special theory of relativity, postulates of electric potential limit, the theory of electric potential relativity,theory of complex electrodynamic space-time relativity, the theory of quaternion electrodynamic space-time relativity,
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[122] viXra:1806.0147 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-12 01:32:00

Estimated Asteroide Masses Frequently Are Wrong

Authors: Edgars Alksnis
Comments: 4 Pages.

Shortcomings of determination of asteroide masses are highlighted. Some help here could come from vortical celestial mechanics.
Category: Classical Physics

[121] viXra:1806.0146 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-12 02:42:26

Solution of the Problem of Wave-Particle Duality\\\Решение проблемы корпускулярно-волнового дуализма

Authors: Robert Yusupov
Comments: 9 Pages. In Russian (please learn Russian) Robert Yusupov <©> Solution of the Problem of Wave-Particle Duality, June 12, 2018

The author put forward the model of an elementary particle, as pulsating material flesh. This model proved to be very productive. On its basis, it is perfectly justified and easily explained, for example, such a principle known in physics, as the wave-particle duality of elementary particles. In the pulsating nature of the behavior of the elementary particle is the cause of the particle-wave duality of elementary particles. Great! +++++++++++++++++++ Автором выдвинута модель элементарной частицы, как пульсирующей материальной плоти. Эта модель оказалась очень продуктивной. На её основе прекрасно обосновывается и легко объясняется, например, такой известный в физике принцип, как корпускулярно волновой дуализм ЭЧ. В пульсирующем характере поведения ЭЧ состоит причина корпускулярно-волнового дуализма элементарных частиц. Замечательно!
Category: Classical Physics

[120] viXra:1806.0144 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-12 03:17:41

Revolutionary Accelerator

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 73 Pages.

Laboratory has started to assemble a new facility for revolutionary accelerator technologies that could make future accelerators 100 to 1,000 times smaller and boost their capabilities. [40] The authors designed a mechanism based on the deployment of a transport barrier to confine the particles and prevent them from moving from one region of the accelerator to another. "There is strong experimental evidence that there is indeed some new physics lurking in the lepton sector," Dev said. [38] Now, in a new result unveiled today at the Neutrino 2018 conference in Heidelberg, Germany, the collaboration has announced its first results using antineutrinos, and has seen strong evidence of muon antineutrinos oscillating into electron antineutrinos over long distances, a phenomenon that has never been unambiguously observed. [37] The Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum Experiment (PROSPECT) has completed the installation of a novel antineutrino detector that will probe the possible existence of a new form of matter. [36] The MINERvA collaboration analyzed data from the interactions of an antineutrino— the antimatter partner of a neutrino—with a nucleus. [35] The inclusion of short-range interactions in models of neutrinoless double-beta decay could impact the interpretation of experimental searches for the elusive decay. [34] The occasional decay of neutrons into dark matter particles could solve a long-standing discrepancy in neutron decay experiments. [33] The U.S. Department of Energy has approved funding and start of construction for the SuperCDMS SNOLAB experiment, which will begin operations in the early 2020s to hunt for hypothetical dark matter particles called weakly interacting massive particles, or WIMPs. [32]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[119] viXra:1806.0143 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-12 04:23:32

The Physics of Time

Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 5 Pages.

This essay contains three sub-essays: 1. Science and Bad Sci-fi 2. Antimatter and Time 3. Special Relativity and Time
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[118] viXra:1806.0142 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-12 04:57:32

Multiple Laser a Single Microcomb

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 65 Pages.

Researchers have now shown that all these lasers can be replaced by a single device called a microcomb. [39] Femtosecond lasers are capable of processing any solid material with high quality and high precision using their ultrafast and ultra-intense characteristics. [38] To create the flying microlaser, the researchers launched laser light into a water-filled hollow core fiber to optically trap the microparticle. Like the materials used to make traditional lasers, the microparticle incorporates a gain medium. [37] Lasers that emit ultrashort pulses of light are critical components of technologies, including communications and industrial processing, and have been central to fundamental Nobel Prize-winning research in physics. [36] A newly developed laser technology has enabled physicists in the Laboratory for Attosecond Physics (jointly run by LMU Munich and the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics) to generate attosecond bursts of high-energy photons of unprecedented intensity. [35] The unique platform, which is referred as a 4-D microscope, combines the sensitivity and high time-resolution of phase imaging with the specificity and high spatial resolution of fluorescence microscopy. [34] The experiment relied on a soliton frequency comb generated in a chip-based optical microresonator made from silicon nitride. [33] This scientific achievement toward more precise control and monitoring of light is highly interesting for miniaturizing optical devices for sensing and signal processing. [32] It may seem like such optical behavior would require bending the rules of physics, but in fact, scientists at MIT, Harvard University, and elsewhere have now demonstrated that photons can indeed be made to interact-an accomplishment that could open a path toward using photons in quantum computing, if not in light sabers. [31] Optical highways for light are at the heart of modern communications. But when it comes to guiding individual blips of light called photons, reliable transit is far less common. [30] Theoretical physicists propose to use negative interference to control heat flow in quantum devices. [29]
Category: Quantum Physics

[117] viXra:1806.0141 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-10 06:50:21

Hadronic Fission and Tetraquark Particles

Authors: Peiman Ghasemi
Comments: 3 Pages.

Hadronic fission and fusion equations
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[116] viXra:1806.0139 [pdf] replaced on 2018-06-11 06:36:05

An Intuitive Approach to the Coherent and Squeezed States of the Quantum Harmonic Oscillator

Authors: Spiros Konstantogiannis
Comments: 92 Pages.

The purpose of this work is to introduce, in a simple, intuitive way, the coherent and squeezed states of the quantum harmonic oscillator (QHO), through a series of exercises, which are solved in detail. Starting from the application of a spatial translation to the ground state of the QHO, we introduce the spatial and momentum translations, focusing on their application to the QHO, which leads us to the displacement operator. Next, we introduce the coherent states and examine their basic aspects. We then proceed to give a simple and purely intuitive introduction to the squeezed states and we conclude by identifying the coherent states as states of minimum energy expectation value compared to the respective squeezed states. The reader is assumed to have a basic knowledge of the postulates and the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics, including the Dirac notation and the ladder operator method of the QHO.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[115] viXra:1806.0137 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-10 12:11:23

Earth Motion Produces the Moon Orbit

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 28 Pages.

Abstract Earth Motion Energy produces the Moon Orbit based on The relativistic Motion Example for Explanation: In Lorentz Length contraction Equation If -Lo = Earth Daily Motion = 2.58 million -v= 0.99 c (Earth hidden velocity- Hypothesis) -L = 363000 km (the distance between Earth and moon at Perigee Point) -Lo= 7.09 L That means Earth Energy Motion moves toward the moon and builds the moon orbit by this Energy (that proves Earth has a hidden velocity =0.99c) The Basic Concept The Solar Group is consisted of one unified Energy, which passes and transports from point to another through the solar group This unified Energy creates the solar planets matters, orbital distances and motions Means the whole group is connected together by the same line of Energy, that's why we should consider the solar group as one body So if the moon orbit is built by Earth motion energy (as we'll study in this paper) That will be an example for the whole solar group, the solar group can be similar to a river has many canals, each canal effects on the others also the solar group can be similar to group of gears, each gear effects on the others motions, In Brief I claim, The Solar groups is an integrated and cooperated system The components of this system are created by an unified Energy, where this same unified Energy is transported from point to another through the solar group to cause the creation and motion of all these components and no solar component is found out of this Energy (Solar components means the solar planets masses, orbital distances …and all other data)
Category: Astrophysics

[114] viXra:1806.0136 [pdf] replaced on 2018-12-23 14:57:33

Principle of Constancy and Finiteness of the Speed of Gravitational Interaction and Dark Matter.

Authors: Bezverkhniy Volodymyr Dmytrovych, Bezverkhniy Vitaliy Volodymyrovich.
Comments: 7 Pages.

It can be shown that the anomalously high rates of rotation of the outer regions of galaxies follow from the constancy and finiteness of the rate of gravitational interaction, which is equal to the speed of light in accordance with general relativity of A. Einstein. Since the speed of propagation of the gravitational interaction is constant and equal to the speed of light, then for compensation of lag of the gravitational field, an increase in the mass velocity will always be used, since the metric tensor according to general relativity of A. Einstein is depends on to both geometry and kinematics of masses.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[113] viXra:1806.0135 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-10 16:52:51

The Connection Between HCE8S Theory and the Z(4430) Tetraquark

Authors: George R. Briggs
Comments: 1 Page. Excuse confusion between X and Z tetraquarks

Abstract: The development of HCE8S theory has advanced to a point that a connection can be discerned between the prolific tetraquark Z(4430) and HCE8S theory
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[112] viXra:1806.0134 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-10 17:03:06

What I Would Ask a True ai When We Develop it

Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 5 Pages.

an essay about artificial intelligence, synthetic awareness, and why we need both
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[111] viXra:1806.0133 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-10 19:57:03

The Structures of Particles Traveling at the Speed of Light

Authors: Tong Wang
Comments: 5 Pages. Photon structure, massless electric charge, Yinon, Masson

From the implications of special relativity, we know photons are massless. However, we also observe light being bent by the gravity of large bodies. To reconcile these two contradicting facts, here we propose a new model of photons using the idea of negative mass—a concept mentioned in the theory of gravitation—to explain this paradox of light. As a combination of mass and negative mass, a photon can have zero net inertial mass, yet simultaneously, move toward gravitational bodies. Furthermore, we will also introduce here several novel configurations of particles traveling at the speed of light, which have remarkable implications.
Category: Quantum Physics

[110] viXra:1806.0132 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-10 21:09:24

Why the Standard Model is a House of Cards

Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 3 Pages.

an explanation of why the Standard Model is so precariously teetering on the verge of catastrophic failure
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[109] viXra:1806.0130 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-11 03:54:26

2-D Artificial Materials

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 67 Pages.

In 1965, a renowned Princeton University physicist theorized that ferroelectric metals could conduct electricity despite not existing in nature. [40] Cornell researchers have become the first to control atomically thin magnets with an electric field, a breakthrough that provides a blueprint for producing exceptionally powerful and efficient data storage in computer chips, among other applications. [39] This "piezomagnetic" material changes its magnetic properties when put under mechanical strain. [38] Researchers have developed a new flexible sensor with high sensitivity that is designed to perform variety of chemical and biological analyses in very small spaces. [37] In a new paper published today in Science Advances, researchers under the direction of Columbia Engineering Professors Michal Lipson and Alexander Gaeta (Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics) have miniaturized dual-frequency combs by putting two frequency comb generators on a single millimeter-sized chip. [36] Researchers have, for the first time, integrated two technologies widely used in applications such as optical communications, bio-imaging and Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) systems that scan the surroundings of self-driving cars and trucks. [35] The unique platform, which is referred as a 4-D microscope, combines the sensitivity and high time-resolution of phase imaging with the specificity and high spatial resolution of fluorescence microscopy. [34] The experiment relied on a soliton frequency comb generated in a chip-based optical microresonator made from silicon nitride. [33] This scientific achievement toward more precise control and monitoring of light is highly interesting for miniaturizing optical devices for sensing and signal processing. [32] It may seem like such optical behavior would require bending the rules of physics, but in fact, scientists at MIT, Harvard University, and elsewhere have now demonstrated that photons can indeed be made to interact-an accomplishment that could open a path toward using photons in quantum computing, if not in light sabers. [31] Optical highways for light are at the heart of modern communications. But when it comes to guiding individual blips of light called photons, reliable transit is far less common. [30]
Category: Condensed Matter

[108] viXra:1806.0129 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-11 04:20:08

Time.

Authors: Durgadas Datta.
Comments: 2 Pages. FOR KIND PERUSAL.

CONCEPT OF TIME AND CONSEQUENCES.
Category: History and Philosophy of Physics

[107] viXra:1806.0128 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-11 05:02:48

Absorption of Spin by a Conducting Medium

Authors: Radi I. Khrapko
Comments: 6 Pages. Free access at AASCIT Journal of Physics. Vol. 4, No. 2, 2018, pp. 59

Two current concepts of the electrodynamics spin are considered in comparison. Then the original concept, going back to Poynting, was used to demonstrate the transfer of energy and spin from a plane circularly polarized electromagnetic wave into a conducting medium. A spin tensor is used. The given calculations show that spin is the same natural property of a plane electromagnetic wave, as energy and momentum. The expression for the torque density acting on a conducting medium is given. This expression is an analogy of the Lorentz force density.
Category: Classical Physics

[106] viXra:1806.0127 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-09 04:51:20

Ordered Magnetic Patterns

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 57 Pages.

A team of scientists working at the Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) has confirmed a special property known as "chirality—which potentially could be exploited to transmit and store data in a new way—in nanometers-thick samples of multilayer materials that have a disordered structure. [33] By exploiting a hidden symmetry in the material, their results support a theory first proposed 20 years ago. [32] Scientists working in the field of organic chemistry create and study new molecules using magnetic resonance. [31] A team of researchers, affiliated with South Korea's Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) has demonstrated the possibility to induce and control a magnetic response in a nonmagnetic layer material though selective excitation of specific vibration of the material. [30] A new material created by Oregon State University researchers is a key step toward the next generation of supercomputers. [29] Magnetic materials that form helical structures—coiled shapes comparable to a spiral staircase or the double helix strands of a DNA molecule—occasionally exhibit exotic behavior that could improve information processing in hard drives and other digital devices. [28] In a new study, researchers have designed "invisible" magnetic sensors—sensors that are magnetically invisible so that they can still detect but do not distort the surrounding magnetic fields. [27]
Category: Condensed Matter

[105] viXra:1806.0126 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-09 05:15:52

Measure Energy in Microscope

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 45 Pages.

A novel technique developed by researchers at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) will help shine new light on biological questions by improving the quality and quantity of information that can be extracted in fluorescence microscopy. [23] Micro-computed tomography or "micro-CT" is X-ray imaging in 3-D, by the same method used in hospital CT (or "CAT") scans, but on a small scale with massively increased resolution. [22] A new experimental method permits the X-ray analysis of amyloids, a class of large, filamentous biomolecules which are an important hallmark of diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. [12] Thumb through any old science textbook, and you'll likely find RNA described as little more than a means to an end, a kind of molecular scratch paper used to construct the proteins encoded in DNA. [20] Just like any long polymer chain, DNA tends to form knots. Using technology that allows them to stretch DNA molecules and image the behavior of these knots, MIT researchers have discovered, for the first time, the factors that determine whether a knot moves along the strand or "jams" in place. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18] An LMU team now reveals the inner workings of a molecular motor made of proteins which packs and unpacks DNA. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15]
Category: Physics of Biology

[104] viXra:1806.0125 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-09 05:33:26

Theory of 4-Dimensional Matter Waves – a Vivid Summary

Authors: Randolf Rolff
Comments: 7 pages; German language; Deutsch: Theorie der 4-dimensionalen Materiewellen – Eine anschauliche Zusammenfassung

The theory of 4-dimensional matter waves describes a physical model which explains the effects of relativity and quantum theory in a unified theory. It explains and quantifies the observations in an intuitive manner. Since in the scientifically and mathematically exact explanations of this theory you can easy lose the whole picture, this is an attempt of a comprehensible summary. The mathematically and logically exact derivations can be found in the listed literature. I hope to hereby support the overall view of the model.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[103] viXra:1806.0124 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-09 06:33:45

Quantum Spin Liquids in Ferromagnets

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 42 Pages.

A team of researchers with members from several institutions in the U.S. and Russia has found evidence that suggests spin liquids in ferromagnets may be similar to dipole liquids in ferroelectrics. [30] Electrons in graphene—an atomically thin, flexible and incredibly strong substance that has captured the imagination of materials scientists and physicists alike—move at the speed of light, and behave like they have no mass. [29] In a series of exciting experiments, Cambridge researchers experienced weightlessness testing graphene's application in space. [28] Scientists from ITMO University have developed effective nanoscale light sources based on halide perovskite. [27] Physicists have developed a technique based on optical microscopy that can be used to create images of atoms on the nanoscale. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24] In a joint research project, scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI), the Technische Universität Berlin (TU) and the University of Rostock have managed for the first time to image free nanoparticles in a laboratory experiment using a highintensity laser source. [23] For the first time, researchers have built a nanolaser that uses only a single molecular layer, placed on a thin silicon beam, which operates at room temperature. [22] A team of engineers at Caltech has discovered how to use computer-chip manufacturing technologies to create the kind of reflective materials that make safety vests, running shoes, and road signs appear shiny in the dark. [21] In the September 23th issue of the Physical Review Letters, Prof. Julien Laurat and his team at Pierre and Marie Curie University in Paris (Laboratoire Kastler Brossel-LKB) report that they have realized an efficient mirror consisting of only 2000 atoms. [20]
Category: Quantum Physics

[102] viXra:1806.0123 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-09 06:42:07

Science and Bad Sci-fi

Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 3 Pages.

an essay about three new technologies, bad science fiction concepts, physics, and Christianity
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[101] viXra:1806.0122 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-09 07:08:06

Programmable Micro-Carriers

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 58 Pages.

In the life sciences, researchers are working to inject drugs and other molecules using tiny transport vehicles. Researchers at the Saarland University and the University of Barcelona have shown in a model system that small emulsion droplets can be used as smart carriers. [34] A team of scientists working at the Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) has confirmed a special property known as "chirality—which potentially could be exploited to transmit and store data in a new way—in nanometers-thick samples of multilayer materials that have a disordered structure. [33] By exploiting a hidden symmetry in the material, their results support a theory first proposed 20 years ago. [32] Scientists working in the field of organic chemistry create and study new molecules using magnetic resonance. [31] A team of researchers, affiliated with South Korea's Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) has demonstrated the possibility to induce and control a magnetic response in a nonmagnetic layer material though selective excitation of specific vibration of the material. [30] A new material created by Oregon State University researchers is a key step toward the next generation of supercomputers. [29] Magnetic materials that form helical structures—coiled shapes comparable to a spiral staircase or the double helix strands of a DNA molecule—occasionally exhibit exotic behavior that could improve information processing in hard drives and other digital devices. [28] In a new study, researchers have designed "invisible" magnetic sensors—sensors that are magnetically invisible so that they can still detect but do not distort the surrounding magnetic fields. [27] At Carnegie Mellon University, Materials Science and Engineering Professor Mike McHenry and his research group are developing metal amorphous nanocomposite materials (MANC), or magnetic materials whose nanocrystals have been grown out of an amorphous matrix to create a two phase magnetic material that exploits both the attractive magnetic inductions of the nanocrystals and the large electrical resistance of a metallic glass. [26]
Category: Condensed Matter

[100] viXra:1806.0121 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-09 09:03:57

Collatz Conjecture is False if 0 is Natural Number

Authors: 김만욱
Comments: 1 Page. english is too hard

I showed Collatz conjecture is false if 0 is natural number
Category: General Mathematics

[99] viXra:1806.0120 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-09 09:02:16

Infinite Loop Density Cycle

Authors: Eugenio Ullauri
Comments: 3 Pages.

This is a theory of everything i created a couple of years ago and it explains how the universe works in a complete and coherent way, this is my original idea.
Category: History and Philosophy of Physics

[98] viXra:1806.0119 [pdf] replaced on 2018-06-10 08:19:45

The Pauli Objection Addressed in a Logical Way

Authors: Espen Gaarder Haug
Comments: 5 Pages.

One of the greatest unsolved problems in quantum mechanics is related to time operators. Since the Pauli objection was first raised in 1933, time has only been considered a parameter in quantum mechanics and not as an operator. The Pauli objection basically asserts that a time operator must be Hermitian and self-adjoint, something the Pauli objection points out is actually not possible. Some theorists have gone so far as to claim that time between events does not exist in the quantum world. Others have explored various ideas to establish an acceptable type of time operator, such as a dynamic time operator, or an external clock that stands just outside the framework of the Pauli objection. However, none of these methods seem to be completely sound. We think that a better approach is to develop a deeper understanding of how elementary particles can be seen, themselves, as ticking clocks, and to examine more broadly how they relate to time.
Category: Quantum Physics

[97] viXra:1806.0116 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-09 15:36:41

The Dirac Operators for Lie Groups

Authors: Antoine Balan
Comments: 1 page, written in english

In the case of a manifold which is a Lie group, a Dirac operator can be defined acting over the vector fields of the Lie group instead of the spinors.
Category: Geometry

[96] viXra:1806.0115 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-09 16:44:25

Aldo MORO’S Death: Why the Official Account Cannot Hold True

Authors: Arturo Tozzi
Comments: 4 Pages.

Here we demonstrate, based on the autoptic report, that the account of Aldo Moro's death is false.
Category: Education and Didactics

[95] viXra:1806.0114 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-09 17:02:01

Studying the Random Variables According to Neutrosophic Logic. ( Arabic )

Authors: Rafif Alhabib, Moustaf Amzherranna, Haitham Farah, A.A. Salama
Comments: 23 Pages.

We present in this paper the neutrosophic randomized variables, which are a generalization of the classical random variables obtained from the application of the neutrosophic logic (a new nonclassical logic which was founded by the American philosopher and mathematical Florentin Smarandache, which he introduced as a generalization of fuzzy logic especially the intuitionistic fuzzy logic ) on classical random variables. The neutrosophic random variable is changed because of the randomization, the indeterminacy and the values it takes, which represent the possible results and the possible indeterminacy.Then we classify the neutrosophic randomized variables into two types of discrete and continuous neutrosophic random variables and we define the expected value and variance of the neutrosophic random variable then offer some illustrative examples.
Category: Statistics

[94] viXra:1806.0112 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-09 22:54:56

3rd Edition - Theory of the Quantum Physics of Potentisation of Homeopathic Medicine

Authors: Christina Munns, Dip. Hom.
Comments: 8 Pages.

This article is written with the intention of explaining the dynamics of the process of potentisation of a homeopathic medicine at the quantum scale. It is proposed as a theory at present, since it has not yet been scientifically proven to be correct by undergoing experimentation in a quantum scale research laboratory. This paper represents the second revision of this theory, since new information has come to light regarding the true nature of the quantum mechanics of the succussion process and the reason why electrons are able to remain in the excited state. I propose that the key to understanding how homeopathic medicines operate is through the understanding of quantum mechanics. When the understanding of quantum mechanics is applied to the process of homeopathic potentisation (i.e. succussion and dilution), one can apprehend how a homeopathic medicine is able to become increasingly more powerful (and thus potentially more curative) the more times it is succussed and diluted. Of particular importance are the dynamics of electrons within the quantum state, since it is these free-standing fundamental particles that configure themselves in increasingly larger and larger numbers with each increasing orbital number, with each subsequent succussion process. With each increase in orbital size there is a concomitant increase in the energy and informational capacity of the atom, which correlates to an increase in the homeopathic potency.
Category: Quantum Physics

[93] viXra:1806.0111 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-10 00:11:50

Balloon Inside Balloon Theory.

Authors: Durgadas Datta.
Comments: 3 Pages. PHYSICS BEYOND STANDARD MODEL.

NEGATIVE TIME DESCRIBED BY FEYNMAN HAS A PROFOUND MEANING IN ADDITION TO ITS MATHEMATICAL TRICK EFFECT. OUR CONCEPT OF MIRROR UNIVERSES PUBLISHED BY ME IN YEAR 2002 AS A COMMENT IN ASTRONOMY .NET IS BECOMING RELEVANT DAY BY DAY.
Category: Astrophysics

[92] viXra:1806.0110 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-10 04:02:18

Einstein’s Dream

Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 2 Pages.

a brief informal discussion of gravistrong, gravitation + strong-force, unification
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[91] viXra:1806.0109 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-08 12:57:27

Evaluating f(x) = C for Infinite Set Domains

Authors: Ron Ragusa
Comments: 5 Pages. email: ron.ragusa@gmail.com

In a previous paper, The Function f(x) = C and the Continuum Hypothesis, posted on viXra.org (viXra:1806.0030), I demonstrated that the set of natural numbers can be put into a one to one correspondence with the set of real numbers, f : N → R. In that paper I used the function f(x) = C to create an indexed array of the function’s real number domain d, the constant range, C, and the index value of each iteration of the function’s evaluation, i, for each member of the domain di. The purpose of the exercise was to provide constructive proof of Cantor’s continuum hypothesis which has been shown to be independent of the ZFC axioms of set theory. Because the domain of f(x) = C contains all real numbers, evaluating and indexing the function over the entire domain leads naturally to the bijective function f : N → R. In this paper I’ll demonstrate how the set of natural numbers N can be put into a one to one correspondence the power set of natural numbers, P(N). From this I will derive the bijective function f : N → P(N). Lastly, I’ll propose a conjecture asserting that f(x) = C can be employed to construct a one to one correspondence between the natural numbers and any infinite set that can be cast as the domain of the function.
Category: Set Theory and Logic

[90] viXra:1806.0106 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-08 19:12:04

The Wavefunction as an Energy Propagation Mechanism

Authors: Jean Louis Van Belle
Comments: 10 Pages. None.

Benefitting from valuable feedback, this article corrects some defects in the physical interpretation of the wavefunction that I had offered – and elaborated upon – in two previous pre-publication papers (see: http://vixra.org/abs/1709.0390 and http://vixra.org/abs/1712.0201). Most importantly, this paper incorporates relativistically correct formulas for the proposed interpretation of the energy of an electron as a two-dimensional oscillation of a pointlike charge in space. The relativistic correction does not change any of the conclusions. For example, the interpretation of the wavefunction as an energy diffusion equation still holds. However, this paper defines the weaknesses in the approach (read: the agenda for my personal future research) much better. I have benefited a lot from comments on the previous papers and, therefore, I hope I will get the same enthusiastic reaction to this one.
Category: Quantum Physics

[89] viXra:1806.0105 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-08 20:47:36

Why The Planck Charge Is Approximately 11 Times the Electron Charge

Authors: Jonathan Deutsch
Comments: 2 Pages.

WHY THE PLANCK CHARGE IS APPROXIMATELY 11 TIMES THE ELECTRON CHARGE ABSTRACT The Planck charge, qp, and the electron charge, e, can each be quantized based on melectron = 1, on the deBroglie wavelength of the electron (=λelectron = h/ melecttronc) = ─1 and on telectron (=λe;lectron/c) = . When we do this, we see that e2 equals a bit more than 1/1000 pure number. 2πe2 thus equals about 7/1000, which equals approximately 1/137. Therefore, the inverse of 2πe2 = approximately 137, so (1/2πe2)1/2 = approximately 11. Now qp = [(1/2πe2)(hc)]e, but similar quantization of hc yields a product of (─ )( ) = 1. Therefore, qp = [(1/2πe2)1/2(hc)]e = (1/2πe2)1/2e = approximately 11 times the electron charge.
Category: Quantum Physics

[88] viXra:1806.0103 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-09 03:07:03

Faster Silicon Qubits

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 53 Pages.

Quantum bits are now easier to manipulate for devices in quantum computing, thanks to enhanced spin-orbit interaction in silicon. [32] A silicon-based quantum computing device could be closer than ever due to a new experimental device that demonstrates the potential to use light as a messenger to connect quantum bits of information—known as qubits—that are not immediately adjacent to each other. [31] Researchers at the University of Bristol's Quantum Engineering Technology Labs have demonstrated a new type of silicon chip that can help building and testing quantum computers and could find their way into your mobile phone to secure information. [30] Theoretical physicists propose to use negative interference to control heat flow in quantum devices. [29] Particle physicists are studying ways to harness the power of the quantum realm to further their research. [28] A fundamental barrier to scaling quantum computing machines is "qubit interference." In new research published in Science Advances, engineers and physicists from Rigetti Computing describe a breakthrough that can expand the size of practical quantum processors by reducing interference. [26] The search and manipulation of novel properties emerging from the quantum nature of matter could lead to next-generation electronics and quantum computers. [25] A research team from Lab) has found the first evidence that a shaking motion in the structure of an atomically thin (2-D) material possesses a naturally occurring circular rotation. [24] Topological effects, such as those found in crystals whose surfaces conduct electricity while their bulk does not, have been an exciting topic of physics research in recent years and were the subject of the 2016 Nobel Prize in physics. [23]
Category: Quantum Physics

[87] viXra:1806.0101 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-08 08:06:19

Neutron Stars Quark Matter

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 31 Pages.

Quark matter – an extremely dense phase of matter made up of subatomic particles called quarks – may exist at the heart of neutron stars. [22] When a massive astrophysical object, such as a boson star or black hole, rotates, it can cause the surrounding spacetime to rotate along with it due to the effect of frame dragging. [21] Rotating black holes and computers that use quantum-mechanical phenomena to process information are topics that have fascinated science lovers for decades, but even the most innovative thinkers rarely put them together. [20] If someone were to venture into one of these relatively benign black holes, they could survive, but their past would be obliterated and they could have an infinite number of possible futures. [19] The group explains their theory in a paper published in the journal Physical Review Letters—it involves the idea of primordial black holes (PBHs) infesting the centers of neutron stars and eating them from the inside out. [18] But for rotating black holes, there's a region outside the event horizon where strange and extraordinary things can happen, and these extraordinary possibilities are the focus of a new paper in the American Physical Society journal Physical Review Letters. [17] Astronomers have constructed the first map of the universe based on the positions of supermassive black holes, which reveals the large-scale structure of the universe. [16] Astronomers want to record an image of the heart of our galaxy for the first time: a global collaboration of radio dishes is to take a detailed look at the black hole which is assumed to be located there. [15] A team of researchers from around the world is getting ready to create what might be the first image of a black hole. [14] "There seems to be a mysterious link between the amount of dark matter a galaxy holds and the size of its central black hole, even though the two operate on vastly different scales," said Akos Bogdan of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA). [13] If dark matter comes in both matter and antimatter varieties, it might accumulate inside dense stars to create black holes. [12] For a long time, there were two main theories related to how our universe would end. These were the Big Freeze and the Big Crunch. In short, the Big Crunch claimed that the universe would eventually stop expanding and collapse in on itself. This collapse would result in…well…a big crunch (for lack of a better term). Think " the Big Bang " , except just the opposite. That's essentially what the Big Crunch is. On the other hand, the Big Freeze claimed that the universe would continue expanding forever, until the cosmos becomes a frozen wasteland. This theory asserts that stars will get farther and farther apart, burn out, and (since there are no more stars bring born) the universe will grown entirely cold and eternally black. [11] Newly published research reveals that dark matter is being swallowed up by dark energy, offering novel insight into the nature of dark matter and dark energy and what the future of our Universe might be. [10] The gravitational force attracting the matter, causing concentration of the matter in a small space and leaving much space with low matter concentration: dark matter and energy. There is an asymmetry between the mass of the electric charges, for example proton and electron, can understood by the asymmetrical Planck Distribution Law. This temperature dependent energy distribution is asymmetric around the maximum intensity, where the annihilation of matter and antimatter is a high probability event. The asymmetric sides are creating different frequencies of electromagnetic radiations being in the same intensity level and compensating each other. One of these compensating ratios is the electron – proton mass ratio. The lower energy side has no compensating intensity level, it is the dark energy and the corresponding matter is the dark matter.
Category: Astrophysics

[86] viXra:1806.0100 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-08 09:21:35

Enhancing Particle Beam

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 69 Pages.

The authors designed a mechanism based on the deployment of a transport barrier to confine the particles and prevent them from moving from one region of the accelerator to another. "There is strong experimental evidence that there is indeed some new physics lurking in the lepton sector," Dev said. [38] Now, in a new result unveiled today at the Neutrino 2018 conference in Heidelberg, Germany, the collaboration has announced its first results using antineutrinos, and has seen strong evidence of muon antineutrinos oscillating into electron antineutrinos over long distances, a phenomenon that has never been unambiguously observed. [37] The Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum Experiment (PROSPECT) has completed the installation of a novel antineutrino detector that will probe the possible existence of a new form of matter. [36] The MINERvA collaboration analyzed data from the interactions of an antineutrino— the antimatter partner of a neutrino—with a nucleus. [35] The inclusion of short-range interactions in models of neutrinoless double-beta decay could impact the interpretation of experimental searches for the elusive decay. [34] The occasional decay of neutrons into dark matter particles could solve a long-standing discrepancy in neutron decay experiments. [33] The U.S. Department of Energy has approved funding and start of construction for the SuperCDMS SNOLAB experiment, which will begin operations in the early 2020s to hunt for hypothetical dark matter particles called weakly interacting massive particles, or WIMPs. [32] Thanks to low-noise superconducting quantum amplifiers invented at the University of California, Berkeley, physicists are now embarking on the most sensitive search yet for axions, one of today's top candidates for dark matter. [31]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[85] viXra:1806.0099 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-08 10:25:41

Microscopy BAMM Treatment

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 43 Pages.

A novel technique developed by researchers at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) will help shine new light on biological questions by improving the quality and quantity of information that can be extracted in fluorescence microscopy. [23] Micro-computed tomography or "micro-CT" is X-ray imaging in 3-D, by the same method used in hospital CT (or "CAT") scans, but on a small scale with massively increased resolution. [22] A new experimental method permits the X-ray analysis of amyloids, a class of large, filamentous biomolecules which are an important hallmark of diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. [12] Thumb through any old science textbook, and you'll likely find RNA described as little more than a means to an end, a kind of molecular scratch paper used to construct the proteins encoded in DNA. [20] Just like any long polymer chain, DNA tends to form knots. Using technology that allows them to stretch DNA molecules and image the behavior of these knots, MIT researchers have discovered, for the first time, the factors that determine whether a knot moves along the strand or "jams" in place. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18] An LMU team now reveals the inner workings of a molecular motor made of proteins which packs and unpacks DNA. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15] Scientists from Moscow State University (MSU) working with an international team of researchers have identified the structure of one of the key regions of telomerase—a so-called "cellular immortality" ribonucleoprotein. [14]
Category: Physics of Biology

[84] viXra:1806.0098 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-07 05:51:05

Dark Matter Fusion

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 45 Pages.

Fusion may have a dark side. A shadowy hypothetical process called “dark fusion” could be occurring throughout the cosmos, a new study suggests. [28] A recent astronomical observation that the ordinary matter in the early universe was much cooler than expected could be explained if a small proportion of dark matter has a tiny electric charge. [27] This week, scientists from around the world who gathered at the University of California, Los Angeles, at the Dark Matter 2018 Symposium learned of new results in the search for evidence of the elusive material in Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) by the DarkSide-50 detector. [26] If they exist, axions, among the candidates for dark matter particles, could interact with the matter comprising the universe, but at a much weaker extent than previously theorized. New, rigorous constraints on the properties of axions have been proposed by an international team of scientists. [25] The intensive, worldwide search for dark matter, the missing mass in the universe, has so far failed to find an abundance of dark, massive stars or scads of strange new weakly interacting particles, but a new candidate is slowly gaining followers and observational support. [24] “We invoke a different theory, the self-interacting dark matter model or SIDM, to show that dark matter self-interactions thermalize the inner halo, which ties ordinary dark matter and dark matter distributions together so that they behave like a collective unit.” [23] Technology proposed 30 years ago to search for dark matter is finally seeing the light. [22] They're looking for dark matter—the stuff that theoretically makes up a quarter of our universe. [21] Results from its first run indicate that XENON1T is the most sensitive dark matter detector on Earth. [20]
Category: Astrophysics

[83] viXra:1806.0097 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-07 06:15:22

Gravitational Waves Will Propagate at 299800 km Pr. Second Inside Earth

Authors: Stein Sivertsen
Comments: 3 Pages.

Based upon my theory http://vixra.org/abs/1010.0035) I predict that gravitational waves will propagate at 299800,5 km/s through earth. This can be tested when two or more gravitational-wave detectors, located at different places on earth, observe the same gravitational wave and measure its speed when it propagate from detector A, through earth, to detector B. According to my theory, gravitational waves will still propagate with the speed 299792,458 km/s in vacuum outside earth. This is the same speed as we already have observed light and gravitational waves propagate with in vacuum outside earth. However, according to my theory, it will propagate with a slightly higher speed in the frame of reference inside earth.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[82] viXra:1806.0096 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-07 06:53:06

Atlantis Was Hit by an Earthquake not by a Flood (Atlantis as Babylon; Critias 108 Versus Revelation 16:18)

Authors: Leon Elshout
Comments: 6 Pages.

Atlantis was hit by an earthquake (Critias 108) and not by a flood. This same earthquake is describen in Revelation 16:18 and will hit all cities on earth, especially End Times Babylon. The three Floods in Critias 112 belong to the story lines of Athens. They were describen in the Leiden Papyrus #344. Another question: what will happend to the Dutch "Afsluitdijk"? After the earthquake in Rev. 16:18? What will happen with all Dutch dikes?
Category: Religion and Spiritualism

[81] viXra:1806.0095 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-07 07:25:11

Matrix Individualism Conjectrure

Authors: Vladimir Ushakov
Comments: 1 Page.

The key problem of MIT (matrix individualism theory) is to find a way to fill a square matrix of size N by numbers 1 to N in such a way that no row or column or diagonal contains two equal numbers, diagonal here is any line in matrix with +-45% slope. This definition of diagonal (+-45%) refers only to 1-st order individualism, later I will give a clear definition of higher order matrix individualism as well
Category: Number Theory

[80] viXra:1806.0094 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-07 07:24:18

Laser Gas Hound

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 25 Pages.

University of Adelaide researchers have created a laser that can "smell" different gases within a sample. [14] Scientists at Osaka University discovered a novel particle acceleration mechanism they describe as a micro-bubble implosion, in which super-high energy hydrogen ions (relativistic protons) are emitted at the moment when bubbles shrink to atomic size through the irradiation of hydrides with micron-sized spherical bubbles by ultraintense laser pulses [13] Conventional electron accelerators have become an indispensable tool in modern research. [12] An outstanding conundrum on what happens to the laser energy after beams are fired into plasma has been solved in newly-published research at the University of Strathclyde. [11] Researchers at Lund University and Louisiana State University have developed a tool that makes it possible to control extreme UV light-light with much shorter wavelengths than visible light. [10] Tiny micro-and nanoscale structures within a material's surface are invisible to the naked eye, but play a big role in determining a material's physical, chemical, and biomedical properties. [9] A team of researchers led by Leo Kouwenhoven at TU Delft has demonstrated an on-chip microwave laser based on a fundamental property of superconductivity, the ac Josephson effect. They embedded a small section of an interrupted superconductor, a Josephson junction, in a carefully engineered on-chip cavity. Such a device opens the door to many applications in which microwave radiation with minimal dissipation is key, for example in controlling qubits in a scalable quantum computer. [8]
Category: Quantum Physics

[79] viXra:1806.0093 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-07 08:15:14

Language for Magnetic Resonance

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 51 Pages.

Scientists working in the field of organic chemistry create and study new molecules using magnetic resonance. [31] A team of researchers, affiliated with South Korea's Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) has demonstrated the possibility to induce and control a magnetic response in a nonmagnetic layer material though selective excitation of specific vibration of the material. [30] A new material created by Oregon State University researchers is a key step toward the next generation of supercomputers. [29] Magnetic materials that form helical structures—coiled shapes comparable to a spiral staircase or the double helix strands of a DNA molecule—occasionally exhibit exotic behavior that could improve information processing in hard drives and other digital devices. [28] In a new study, researchers have designed "invisible" magnetic sensors—sensors that are magnetically invisible so that they can still detect but do not distort the surrounding magnetic fields. [27] At Carnegie Mellon University, Materials Science and Engineering Professor Mike McHenry and his research group are developing metal amorphous nanocomposite materials (MANC), or magnetic materials whose nanocrystals have been grown out of an amorphous matrix to create a two phase magnetic material that exploits both the attractive magnetic inductions of the nanocrystals and the large electrical resistance of a metallic glass. [26] The search and manipulation of novel properties emerging from the quantum nature of matter could lead to next-generation electronics and quantum computers. [25] A research team from Lab) has found the first evidence that a shaking motion in the structure of an atomically thin (2-D) material possesses a naturally occurring circular rotation. [24] Topological effects, such as those found in crystals whose surfaces conduct electricity while their bulk does not, have been an exciting topic of physics research in recent years and were the subject of the 2016 Nobel Prize in physics. [23]
Category: Condensed Matter

[78] viXra:1806.0092 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-07 09:05:19

Hidden Magnetism Symmetry

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 54 Pages.

By exploiting a hidden symmetry in the material, their results support a theory first proposed 20 years ago. [32] Scientists working in the field of organic chemistry create and study new molecules using magnetic resonance. [31] A team of researchers, affiliated with South Korea's Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) has demonstrated the possibility to induce and control a magnetic response in a nonmagnetic layer material though selective excitation of specific vibration of the material. [30] A new material created by Oregon State University researchers is a key step toward the next generation of supercomputers. [29] Magnetic materials that form helical structures—coiled shapes comparable to a spiral staircase or the double helix strands of a DNA molecule—occasionally exhibit exotic behavior that could improve information processing in hard drives and other digital devices. [28] In a new study, researchers have designed "invisible" magnetic sensors—sensors that are magnetically invisible so that they can still detect but do not distort the surrounding magnetic fields. [27] At Carnegie Mellon University, Materials Science and Engineering Professor Mike McHenry and his research group are developing metal amorphous nanocomposite materials (MANC), or magnetic materials whose nanocrystals have been grown out of an amorphous matrix to create a two phase magnetic material that exploits both the attractive magnetic inductions of the nanocrystals and the large electrical resistance of a metallic glass. [26] The search and manipulation of novel properties emerging from the quantum nature of matter could lead to next-generation electronics and quantum computers. [25] A research team from Lab) has found the first evidence that a shaking motion in the structure of an atomically thin (2-D) material possesses a naturally occurring circular rotation. [24]
Category: Condensed Matter

[77] viXra:1806.0091 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-07 09:44:26

Inertial Frames of Reference

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 47 Pages.

In an inertial frame of reference, a body with zero net force acting on it does not accelerate. [28] A team led by researchers María José Caturla and Carlos Untiedt, from the University of Alicante Department of Applied Physics, have studied the importance of relativistic effects on long-range interactions between objects. [27] The theory of the Breit-Wheeler process says it should be possible to turn light into matter by smashing two particles of light (photons) together to create an electron and a positron. However, past attempts to do this have required the addition of other high-energy particles. [26] Dr. Pascal Del'Haye and his team at NPL have created an optical version of a diode that transmits light in one direction only, and can be integrated in microphotonic circuits. [25] Operation at the single-photon level raises the possibility of developing entirely new communication and computing devices, ranging from hardware random number generators to quantum computers. [24] Considerable interest in new single-photon detector technologies has been scaling in this past decade. [23] Engineers develop key mathematical formula for driving quantum experiments. [22] Physicists are developing quantum simulators, to help solve problems that are beyond the reach of conventional computers. [21] Engineers at Australia's University of New South Wales have invented a radical new architecture for quantum computing, based on novel 'flip-flop qubits', that promises to make the large-scale manufacture of quantum chips dramatically cheaper-and easier-than thought possible. [20] A team of researchers from the U.S. and Italy has built a quantum memory device that is approximately 1000 times smaller than similar devices— small enough to install on a chip. [19] The cutting edge of data storage research is working at the level of individual atoms and molecules, representing the ultimate limit of technological miniaturisation. [18]
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[76] viXra:1806.0090 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-07 10:15:31

Czarnodziurowy Wszechświat a Ziemska Grawitacja ### Black Hole Universe and the Earth’s Gravity Field

Authors: Zbigniew Osiak
Comments: 5 Pages. In Polish.

Przedstawiono istotne różnice dotyczące właściwości pola grawitacyjnego Ziemi i pola grawitacyjnego Czarnodziurowego Wszechświata. ### Significant differences regarding the properties of the Earth's gravitational field and the gravitational field of the Black Hole Universe are presented.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[75] viXra:1806.0089 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-07 10:19:45

Black Hole Universe and the Earth’s Gravity Field

Authors: Zbigniew Osiak
Comments: 5 Pages.

Significant differences regarding the properties of the Earth's gravitational field and the gravitational field of the Black Hole Universe are presented.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[74] viXra:1806.0087 [pdf] replaced on 2018-07-20 05:39:28

Structure of Physical Reality

Authors: J.A.J. van Leunen
Comments: 21 Pages. The document is part of the Hilbert Book Model Project

Obviously, physical reality possesses structure, and this structure founds on one or more foundations. These foundations are rather simple and easily comprehensible. The major foundation evolves like a seed into more complicated levels of the structure, such that after a series of steps a structure results that appears like the structure of the physical reality that humans can partly observe. To show the power of this approach the paper explains the origin of gravity and the fine structure of photons and elementary particles.
Category: Quantum Physics

[73] viXra:1806.0086 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-07 12:40:31

A Universal Language of Science

Authors: Frank H. Makinson
Comments: 2 Pages.

A specific spoken and written language can be used to describe a physical law but to another culture with a completely different spoken and written form the information contained therein is incomprehensible. There is a method to convey certain types of scientific information by using just dimensions and once the meaning of one key dimension is determined it is possible to extract the information content of other dimensions without ever having to know the authors spoken and written language.
Category: Classical Physics

[72] viXra:1806.0085 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-07 14:28:07

The Theory of Everything

Authors: Bill Tantalos
Comments: 7 Pages.

The writer finds solutions, with simple mathematics, of the famous mass-energy equation of Einstein. By generalizing this equation, so that it also includes the physics of the microcosm, quantum mechanics, it discovers a new equation which unifies the General Relativity Theory with quantum mechanics. A fundamental equation, in a simple form, which explains the Big Bang, the beginning of the universe creation and describes the physics of both the macrocosm and the microcosm. It is the Theory of Everything or otherwise Quantum Gravity. The behavior of an exotic particle, the tachyon, is mentioned, and its relation with the Big Bang.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[71] viXra:1806.0084 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-07 21:41:11

Piercing the Veil of Modern Physics. Part 3 & Superconductivity (in Chinese)

Authors: DING Jian, HU Xiuqin
Comments: 43 Pages. I firmly believe that a single spark can start great creative conflagrations.

This article (Superconductivity chapters) as the third part of the full text, at the level of electro-ultimate particles, is the result by virtue of superconductivity to further research: 1. The electro-ultimate particle renders as the negative charge of one unit, which is a unified body. It is made up of both the ultimate particle portion of possessing one unit positive charge and the negative charge portion that renders as two units. All the mass is concentrated in the ultimate particle portion, the mass of the charge portion is equal to zero but cannot exist on its own, so it can only belong to the category of the "electro-hole". The two are the most fundamental matter and antimatter. When they meet, the process of converting into the electro-ultimate particle is annihilation. 2. It can be inferred that the ultimate particles and "being emptiness" are the most fundamental existence in reality. An ultimate particle existing in this being emptiness, around it there will be accordingly to render as the characteristics of negative charge. This is the most fundamental charge layer, but also the root cause of spin. It also means that the number of all matter and antimatter in the universe must be equal. Furthermore, the interaction between the ultimate particle and charge portion follows Lenz's law. This is the root cause of inertia. And the change of the two that there is a logical order, so there is also sure to be a time lag. This is the root cause of wave. 3. Inside every one of high-density particles, the adjacent ultimate particles are already in contact with each other closely. According to the Meissner effect, all of the charges can only be attached to the surfaces of them to moving at high speed. This is the charge layer. And each high-density particle can only possess one charge layer. 4. A high-density particle is located in a certain position of the conductor structure and only responsible for transferring charges, which is the superconducting state at the microscopic level. This means that all of those particles, entities and even celestial bodies, as long as formed only by two kinds of nuclear forces (whose essence is electromagnetic force), they themselves should be superconductors at almost all temperatures. 5. The first kind of nuclear force exists in the interior of high-density particles. There are powerful repulsive forces between the ultimate particles which are already in contact with each other. At the same time, they are also subject to the electromagnetic binding force generated by the charge layer. These powerful repulsive forces, are precisely the root cause of electromagnetic radiation. And the spin dominated by the charge layer also becomes an intrinsic property of high-density particles themselves. The result is that with the charge layer as the boundary, its inside and outside acting forces have reached a dynamic balance. This is the root cause of de Broglie's matter wave. Its internal mechanism, like a very tight tug-of-war competition, the balance point between the two sides is always in a reciprocating swing state. 6. The second kind of nuclear force is less powerful than the former. As there are shared parts between the charge layers of adjacent high-density particles, the combined action of the electric field force and superconducting electromagnetic force can also confine a certain degree of internal binding energy. The fission or decay of an atomic nucleus is related to this. 7. Inside an atomic nucleus, the main component of the gluon is the charges. Its so-called bundling function is two kinds of nuclear forces. And the quark has only one charge layer, which is formed by the charges in the gluon. Therefore, the quark is a relatively large high-density particle, whose shape is like a pile of tree roots and there are different spins at different locations. As for neutrons or protons, they themselves are two forms of the existence of quarks. 8. The single charge layer is the lack of resistance to those high-density particles or entities with positron features, which come from both the inside and outside sides at the same time. This will provide the possibility for us to reasonably control and use the nuclear energy with the highest mass-energy ratio in the universe. 9. The so-called magnetic field lines, whose essence is the electro-ultimate particles or the stream of charged particles derived therefrom. And electromagnetic radiation should be the root cause of the growth of all things. The evolution of the universe is derived from such a microscopic physical phenomenon, and from the quantitative to qualitative change results. 10. In the interior of the Earth, a great deal of electromagnetic radiation is generated at every moment. This is the root cause of our global warming and earthquakes. In which there is shorter wavelength part, that is, the main body of energy is converted into geothermal heat. And only the far infrared light with relatively longer wavelength can pass through the Earth's crust and even radiate into the space. Therefore, it can be through satellite scanning to establish the dynamic far-infrared spectrum of Earth's crust that changes over time. In this way, both the geothermal resources can be rationally utilized and it is also beneficial to prevent the occurrence of earthquakes.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[70] viXra:1806.0083 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-08 01:43:51

Laser Makes Silicon Sing

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 26 Pages.

Yale scientists have created a new type of silicon laser that uses sounds waves to amplify light. A study about the discovery appears June 8 in the online edition of the journal Science. [15] University of Adelaide researchers have created a laser that can "smell" different gases within a sample. [14] Scientists at Osaka University discovered a novel particle acceleration mechanism they describe as a micro-bubble implosion, in which super-high energy hydrogen ions (relativistic protons) are emitted at the moment when bubbles shrink to atomic size through the irradiation of hydrides with micron-sized spherical bubbles by ultraintense laser pulses [13] Conventional electron accelerators have become an indispensable tool in modern research. [12] An outstanding conundrum on what happens to the laser energy after beams are fired into plasma has been solved in newly-published research at the University of Strathclyde. [11] Researchers at Lund University and Louisiana State University have developed a tool that makes it possible to control extreme UV light-light with much shorter wavelengths than visible light. [10] Tiny micro-and nanoscale structures within a material's surface are invisible to the naked eye, but play a big role in determining a material's physical, chemical, and biomedical properties. [9] A team of researchers led by Leo Kouwenhoven at TU Delft has demonstrated an on-chip microwave laser based on a fundamental property of superconductivity, the ac Josephson effect. They embedded a small section of an interrupted superconductor, a Josephson junction, in a carefully engineered on-chip cavity. Such a device opens the door to many applications in which microwave radiation with minimal dissipation is key, for example in controlling qubits in a scalable quantum computer. [8]
Category: Quantum Physics

[69] viXra:1806.0082 [pdf] replaced on 2018-07-26 19:07:43

Derivation of the Limits of Sine and Cosine at Infinity

Authors: Jonathan W. Tooker
Comments: 5 Pages. two figures

This paper examines some familiar results from complex analysis in the framework of hypercomplex analysis. It is usually taught that the oscillatory behavior of sine waves means that they have no limit at infinity but here we derive definite limits. Where a central element in the foundations of complex analysis is that the complex conjugate of a C-number is not analytic at the origin, we introduce the tools of hypercomplex analysis to show that the complex conjugate of a *C-number is analytic at the origin.
Category: Functions and Analysis

[68] viXra:1806.0081 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-08 02:57:53

Periodic Table Limits

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 43 Pages.

Michigan State University professor probes the table's limits in a recent Nature Physics Perspective. [30] A team of researchers at Pfizer, the pharmaceutical giant, has developed an automated flow chemistry system that is capable of carrying out 1500 reactions over a 24-hour period. [29] Prof WANG Zhisong and his research team from the Department of Physics, NUS have developed two sets of conceptually new mechanisms that enable artificial nanowalkers to move in a self-guided direction using their internal mechanics. [28] Gene editing is one of the hottest topics in cancer research. A Chinese research team has now developed a gold-nanoparticle-based multifunctional vehicle to transport the "gene scissors" to the tumor cell genome. [27] Cells can be programmed like a computer to fight cancer, influenza, and other serious conditions – thanks to a breakthrough in synthetic biology by the University of Warwick. [26] This "robot," made of a single strand of DNA, can autonomously "walk" around a surface, pick up certain molecules and drop them off in designated locations. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24] In a joint research project, scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI), the Technische Universität Berlin (TU) and the University of Rostock have managed for the first time to image free nanoparticles in a laboratory experiment using a highintensity laser source. [23] For the first time, researchers have built a nanolaser that uses only a single molecular layer, placed on a thin silicon beam, which operates at room temperature. [22] A team of engineers at Caltech has discovered how to use computer-chip manufacturing technologies to create the kind of reflective materials that make safety vests, running shoes, and road signs appear shiny in the dark. [21]
Category: Quantum Physics

[67] viXra:1806.0079 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-08 04:43:09

Thermodynamics and the Virial Theorem, Gravitational Collapse and the Virial Theorem: Insight from the Laws of Thermodynamics

Authors: Pierre-Marie Robitaille
Comments: 3 Pages.

Application of the virial theorem, when combined with results from the kinetic theory of gases, has been linked to gravitational collapse when the mass of the resulting assembly is greater than the Jeans mass, MJ. While the arguments appear straightforward, the incorporation of temperature into these equations, using kinetic theory, results in a conflict with the laws of thermodynamics. Temperature must always be viewed as an intensive property. However, it is readily demonstrated that this condition is violated when the gravitational collapse of a free gas is considered using these approaches. The result implies star formation cannot be based on the collapse of a self-gravitating gaseous mass.
Category: Astrophysics

[66] viXra:1806.0078 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-08 04:52:51

Kirchhoff ’s Law of Thermal Emission: Blackbody and Cavity Radiation Reconsidered

Authors: Pierre-Marie Robitaille
Comments: 11 Pages. An earlier partial version of this work was archived on viXra.org as follows: Robitaille P.-M. and Robitaille J. L. Kirchhoff ’s Law of Thermal Emission: What Happens When a Law of Physics Fails an Experimental Test? viXra:1708.0053.

Kirchhoff’s law of thermal emission asserts that, given sufficient dimensions to neglect diffraction, the radiation contained within arbitrary cavities must always be black, or normal, dependent only upon the frequency of observation and the temperature, while independent of the nature of the walls. In this regard, it is readily apparent that all cavities appear black at room temperature within the laboratory. However, two different causes are responsible: 1) cavities made from nearly ideal emitters self-generate the appropriate radiation, while 2) cavities made from nearly ideal reflectors are filled with radiation contained in their surroundings, completely independent of their own temperature. Unlike Kirchhoff’s claims, it can be demonstrated that the radiation contained within a cavity is absolutely dependent on the nature of its walls. Real blackbodies can do work, converting any incoming radiation or heat to an emission profile corresponding to the Planckian spectrum associated with the temperature of their walls. Conversely, rigid cavities made from perfect reflectors cannot do work. The radiation they contain will not be black but, rather, will reflect any radiation which was previously incident from the surroundings in a manner independent of the temperature of their walls.
Category: Thermodynamics and Energy

[65] viXra:1806.0077 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-06 05:35:35

Quantum Information Sound

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 20 Pages.

Quantum physics has led to new types of sensors, secure data transmission methods and researchers are working toward computers. [15] The researchers engineered diamond strings that can be tuned to quiet a qubit's environment and improve memory from tens to several hundred nanoseconds, enough time to do many operations on a quantum chip. [14] Intel has announced the design and fabrication of a 49-qubit superconducting quantum-processor chip at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas. To improve our understanding of the so-called quantum properties of materials, scientists at the TU Delft investigated thin slices of SrIrO3, a material that belongs to the family of complex oxides. [12] New research carried out by CQT researchers suggest that standard protocols that measure the dimensions of quantum systems may return incorrect numbers. [11] Is entanglement really necessary for describing the physical world, or is it possible to have some post-quantum theory without entanglement? [10] A trio of scientists who defied Einstein by proving the nonlocal nature of quantum entanglement will be honoured with the John Stewart Bell Prize from the University of Toronto (U of T). [9] While physicists are continually looking for ways to unify the theory of relativity, which describes large-scale phenomena, with quantum theory, which describes small-scale phenomena, computer scientists are searching for technologies to build the quantum computer using Quantum Information. In August 2013, the achievement of "fully deterministic" quantum teleportation, using a hybrid technique, was reported. On 29 May 2014, scientists announced a reliable way of transferring data by quantum teleportation. Quantum teleportation of data had been done before but with highly unreliable methods. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to build the Quantum Computer with the help of Quantum Information.
Category: Quantum Physics

[64] viXra:1806.0076 [pdf] replaced on 2018-06-27 23:22:33

Grounding the Kaluza-Klein Fifth Dimension in Observed Physical Reality, Using Dirac’s Quantum Theory of the Electron to Ensure Five-Dimensional General Covariance

Authors: Jay R. Yablon
Comments: 48 Pages.

We require all components of the Kaluza-Klein metric tensor to be generally-covariant across all five dimensions by deconstructing the metric tensor into Dirac-type square root operators. This decouples the fifth dimension from the Kaluza-Klein scalar, makes this dimension timelike not spacelike, makes the metric tensor inverse non-singular, covariantly reveals the quantum fields of the photon, makes Kaluza-Klein fully compatible with Dirac theory, and roots this fifth dimension in the physical reality of the chiral, pseudo-scalar and pseudo-vector particles abundantly observed in particle physics based on Dirac’s gamma-5 operator, thereby “fixing” all of the most perplexing problem in Kaluza-Klein theory. Albeit with additional new dynamics expected, all the benefits of Kaluza-Klein theory are retained, insofar as providing a geometrodynamic foundation for Maxwell’s equations, the Lorentz Force motion and the Maxwell-Stress energy tensor, and insofar as supporting the viewpoint that the fifth dimension is, at bottom, the matter dimension. We find that the Kaluza-Klein scalar must be a massless, luminous field quantum to solve long-standing problems arising from a non-zero scalar field gradient, and we suggest multiple pathways for continued development.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[63] viXra:1806.0075 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-06 12:28:50

Schur Group Theory Software Interfacing with Ruby Language in the Context of Ruby Based Machine Learning - An Interesting Insight into the Informatics World of Group Theory and its Nano-Bio Applications.

Authors: Nirmal Tej kumar
Comments: 3 Pages. Simple Technical Notes/Short Communication on SchurGroupTheory Software

We are very much inspired by “Lie Algebra” and its interesting applications in the realms of Science & Technology domains involving multi-disciplinary R&D these days in the context of nanotechnology. It is therefore inspiring to present a simple technical note involving the above mentioned TITLE for the READERS.Schur Group theory Software written in C language could be easily interfaced with Ruby language.Therefore,we could explore the many useful features of Ruby language in the context of Machine Learning/IoT/Cloud Applications etc.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[62] viXra:1806.0074 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-06 12:56:54

Quantum Magnets Mimic Light

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 43 Pages.

What is light? It sounds like a simple question, but it is one that has occupied some of the best scientific minds for centuries. [26] Phonons are discrete units of vibrational energy predicted by quantum mechanics that correspond to collective oscillations of atoms inside a molecule or a crystal. [25] This achievement is considered as an important landmark for the realization of practical application of photon upconversion technology. [24] Considerable interest in new single-photon detector technologies has been scaling in this past decade. [23] Engineers develop key mathematical formula for driving quantum experiments. [22] Physicists are developing quantum simulators, to help solve problems that are beyond the reach of conventional computers. [21] Engineers at Australia's University of New South Wales have invented a radical new architecture for quantum computing, based on novel 'flip-flop qubits', that promises to make the large-scale manufacture of quantum chips dramatically cheaper-and easier-than thought possible. [20] A team of researchers from the U.S. and Italy has built a quantum memory device that is approximately 1000 times smaller than similar devices— small enough to install on a chip. [19] The cutting edge of data storage research is working at the level of individual atoms and molecules, representing the ultimate limit of technological miniaturisation. [18] This is an important clue for our theoretical understanding of optically controlled magnetic data storage media. [17] A crystalline material that changes shape in response to light could form the heart of novel light-activated devices. [16] Now a team of Penn State electrical engineers have a way to simultaneously control diverse optical properties of dielectric waveguides by using a two-layer coating, each layer with a near zero thickness and weight. [15]
Category: Quantum Physics

[61] viXra:1806.0073 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-06 13:34:33

Matter: How to Count It? and an Introduction to Quantum Different Phases of Matter

Authors: Peiman Ghasemi
Comments: 4 Pages.

Today scientists believe that all “particles” also have a “wave nature” (and vice versa). This phenomenon has been verified not only for elementary particles, but also for the elementary particles that exist in compound particles like molecules and even atoms. You can consider light (the photons of the light beams) as a “wave-like energy”. This energy is a wave–particle, just containing elementary matter and speed. We can use Einstein, Planck equations to determine the amount of the energy which make up a sample photon. But, to date we cannot measure the matter, therefore we make a simple unit that let us to measure the matter.
Category: Quantum Physics

[60] viXra:1806.0072 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-06 13:39:03

Artificial Intelligence Analyze Causation

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 52 Pages.

Now, researchers have tested the first artificial intelligence model to identify and rank many causes in real-world problems without time-sequenced data, using a multi-nodal causal structure and Directed Acyclic Graphs. [29] A country that thinks its adversaries have or will get AI weapons will want to get them too. Wide use of AI-powered cyberattacks may still be some time away. [28] Following the old saying that "knowledge is power", companies are seeking to infer increasingly intimate properties about their customers as a way to gain an edge over their competitors. [27] Researchers from Human Longevity, Inc. (HLI) have published a study in which individual faces and other physical traits were predicted using whole genome sequencing data and machine learning. [26] Artificial intelligence can improve health care by analyzing data from apps, smartphones and wearable technology. [25] Now, researchers at Google's DeepMind have developed a simple algorithm to handle such reasoning—and it has already beaten humans at a complex image comprehension test. [24] A marimba-playing robot with four arms and eight sticks is writing and playing its own compositions in a lab at the Georgia Institute of Technology. The pieces are generated using artificial intelligence and deep learning. [23] Now, a team of researchers at MIT and elsewhere has developed a new approach to such computations, using light instead of electricity, which they say could vastly improve the speed and efficiency of certain deep learning computations. [22] Physicists have found that the structure of certain types of quantum learning algorithms is very similar to their classical counterparts—a finding that will help scientists further develop the quantum versions. [21] We should remain optimistic that quantum computing and AI will continue to improve our lives, but we also should continue to hold companies, organizations, and governments accountable for how our private data is used, as well as the technology's impact on the environment. [20] It's man vs machine this week as Google's artificial intelligence programme AlphaGo faces the world's top-ranked Go player in a contest expected to end in another victory for rapid advances in AI. [19]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[59] viXra:1806.0071 [pdf] replaced on 2020-02-05 16:13:12

The Relation of Electric and Magnetic Field Laws to Matter Laws

Authors: Jeff Yee, Lori Gardi
Comments: 16 pages

The equations for calculating the energy and forces of matter are shown to be the equivalent of the equations for calculating electric and magnetic field energy and forces. The laws are equivalent when expressed mathematically for a single electron particle as it is the commonality between matter and the electric/magnetic fields.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[58] viXra:1806.0068 [pdf] replaced on 2018-06-08 03:51:48

Primordial Electric Dark Matter Black Holes Outside Galaxies Responsible for the Creation and Contraction of a Cyclic Multi-Universe.

Authors: Leo Vuyk
Comments: 30 Pages.

For years, Stephen Hawking (and Hartle) has been applying the No Boundary Proposal,or the idea that the universe is “closed“and can have a beginning, and an end, however still exist forever.I will call this aclosed cyclic universe and for symmetry reasons a cyclic entangled raspberry shaped multiverse based on my proposal for the Quantum Function Follows Form (FFF)model.The Form and Microstructure of elementary particles, is supposed to be the origin of Functional differences between Higgs- Graviton- Photon- and Fermion particles. As a consequence, a newparadigm splitting, accelerating and pairing massless Dark Matter Black Hole (without Graviton production) is able to convert vacuum energy (ZPE) into real energy by entropy decrease and quark electron positron production at the black hole horizon. Secondly, a Chiral dark energy Higgs vacuum lattice, is able to explain quick Gas and Dust production without large annihilation at the black hole horizon and Galaxy- and Star formation. Even microscopic black holes like Sunspots, (Micro) Comets, Lightning bolts, Sprite Fireballs and Ball Lightning seem to produce gas.However only the largest Primordial Galaxy Anchor Black Holes (GABHs) located far outside galaxies, are supposed to stop gas and dust production and by merging with other black holes theyshould be the ultimate origin of universal contractioninto a Big Crunch and a cyclic multiverse.The Hubble redshift, in contrast with the mainstream, is supposed to originate local vacuum lattice dilution created by local dark matter black holes.All black holes eat the Higgs vacuum latticewith a local Planck length extension-as the result and the base for frequency decrease of a passing photon.As a result, GABHs are only observable by their background lensing effect and as quasi-soft x-ray sources,to be found in particulararound merger galaxies, due to swirling gas and dust expelled from the galaxies.. (1) Primordial Electric Dark Matter Black Holes outside Galaxies responsible for the creation and contraction of a Cyclic Universe.
Category: Astrophysics

[57] viXra:1806.0067 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-07 04:22:20

Exactly Solving Arbitrary Order Linear Ordinary Differential Equations

Authors: Claude Michael Cassano
Comments: 9 Pages.

Theorems establishing exact solution for any linear ordinary differential equation of arbitrary order (homogeneous and inhomogeneous) are presented and proven.
Category: Functions and Analysis

[56] viXra:1806.0066 [pdf] replaced on 2018-06-07 15:31:04

Quantum Gravity Unification Model with Fundamental Conservation

Authors: Arthur E Pletcher
Comments: 7 Pages.

A fundamental conservation and symmetry is proposed, as a unification between General Relativity (GR) and Quantum Theory (QT). Unification is then demonstrated across multiple applications. First, as applied to cosmological redshift z and energy density ρ. Then, a local system galaxy rotational curve is examined. Next, as applied to Quantum Mechanics’ ”time problem”: Absolute and relative notions of time are shown to be reconcilable, as well as renormalization values between scales. Finally, as applied to the Cosmological Constant: The discrepancy that exists between the vacuum energy density in GR at critical density: ρcr = 3H^2/8πG=1.88(H^2)x10−29g/cm^3, and the much greater zero-point energy delta value as calculated in quantum field theory (QFT) with a Planck scale ultraviolet cutoff: ρhep = M4c^3/h^3 =2.44x1091g/cm^3 is resolved to null orders of magnitude.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[55] viXra:1806.0065 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-05 08:32:38

Proof of the Goldbach Conjecture

Authors: Zhuwenhao
Comments: 3 Pages.

This proves that any even number larger than 2 can be written as the sum of two prime Numbers, also known as the "goldbach conjecture" or "goldbach conjecture about the even" is in the test for any greater than or equal to 6 even conform to guess the number of prime Numbers, accidentally discovered the prime Numbers of "additionality" and further expansion of verification.This article does not focus on the functional expressions of prime Numbers themselves, but takes a different approach to prove that all even Numbers can be composed of two prime Numbers
Category: Combinatorics and Graph Theory

[54] viXra:1806.0064 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-05 08:32:28

Hidden by Superconductivity

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 25 Pages.

Using the physics equivalent of the strobe photography that captures every twitch of a cheetah in full sprint, researchers have used ultrafast spectroscopy to visualize electrons interacting as a hidden state of matter in a superconductive alloy. [36] Physicists at the University of Zurich are researching a new class of materials: Higher-order topological insulators. [35] One can also imagine making a superconducting transistor out of graphene, which you can switch on and off, from superconducting to insulating. That opens many possibilities for quantum devices." [34] A team of scientists has detected a hidden state of electronic order in a layered material containing lanthanum, barium, copper, and oxygen (LBCO). [33] Now in a new study, researchers have discovered the existence of a positive feedback loop that gratly enhances the superconductivity of cuprates and may shed light on the origins of high-temperature cuprate superconductivity— considered one of the most important open questions in physics. [33] Using ultracold atoms, researchers at Heidelberg University have found an exotic state of matter where the constituent particles pair up when limited to two dimensions. [32] Neutron diffraction at the Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering has clarified the absence of magnetic order and classified the superconductivity of a new next-generation of superconductors in a paper published in Europhysics Letters. [31] A potential new state of matter is being reported in the journal Nature, with research showing that among superconducting materials in high magnetic fields, the phenomenon of electronic symmetry breaking is common. [30] Researchers from the University of Geneva (UNIGE) in Switzerland and the Technical University Munich in Germany have lifted the veil on the electronic characteristics of high-temperature superconductors. Their research, published in Nature Communications, shows that the electronic densities measured in these superconductors are a combination of two separate effects. As a result, they propose a new model that suggests the existence of two coexisting states rather than competing ones postulated for the past thirty years, a small revolution in the world of superconductivity. [29]
Category: Quantum Physics

[53] viXra:1806.0063 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-05 08:39:08

Question 468: a Simple Identity for pi

Authors: Edgar Valdebenito
Comments: 1 Page.

This note presents a trivial formula for pi: pi=3.14159265...
Category: General Mathematics

[52] viXra:1806.0062 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-05 08:43:10

Question 466: an Identity

Authors: Edgar Valdebenito
Comments: 2 Pages.

This note presents a nontrivial identity that involve the number pi: pi=3.1415926535...
Category: Number Theory

[51] viXra:1806.0061 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-05 08:46:07

Question 465: Some Integrals , Lambert Function

Authors: Edgar Valdebenito
Comments: 4 Pages.

This note presents some definite integrals.
Category: Number Theory

[50] viXra:1806.0060 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-05 09:06:10

Atomic Clock of Einstein's Elevator

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 45 Pages.

By comparing different types of remote atomic clocks, physicists at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have performed the most accurate test ever of a key principle underlying Albert Einstein's famous theory of general relativity, which describes how gravity relates to space and time. [29] "As crazy as all this looks, there appears to be strong reliability in these behaviors that could even be predictably and practically manipulated," Landman said. [28] A team of physicists from ICTP-Trieste and IQOQI-Innsbruck has come up with a surprisingly simple idea to investigate quantum entanglement of many particles. [27] For the first time, physicists have experimentally demonstrated ternary—rather than binary—quantum correlations between entangled objects. [26] The physicists, Sally Shrapnel, Fabio Costa, and Gerard Milburn, at The University of Queensland in Australia, have published a paper on the new quantum probability rule in the New Journal of Physics. [25] Researchers have studied how a 'drumstick' made of light could make a microscopic 'drum' vibrate and stand still at the same time. [24] A University of Oklahoma physicist, Alberto M. Marino, is developing quantum-enhanced sensors that could find their way into applications ranging from biomedical to chemical detection. [23] A team of researchers from Shanghai Jiao Tong University and the University of Science and Technology of China has developed a chip that allows for two-dimensional quantum walks of single photons on a physical device. [22] The physicists, Sally Shrapnel, Fabio Costa, and Gerard Milburn, at The University of Queensland in Australia, have published a paper on the new quantum probability rule in the New Journal of Physics. [21] Probabilistic computing will allow future systems to comprehend and compute with uncertainties inherent in natural data, which will enable us to build computers capable of understanding, predicting and decision-making. [20] For years, the people developing artificial intelligence drew inspiration from what was known about the human brain, and it has enjoyed a lot of success as a result. Now, AI is starting to return the favor. [19]
Category: Quantum Physics

[49] viXra:1806.0059 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-05 09:35:07

Galaxy Clusters Upend Einstein

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 47 Pages.

It will be possible to use new astronomical mappings of hundreds of thousands of cosmic voids and galaxy clusters to test Einstein's theory of relativity by looking for small deviations in gravity at vast distances – a possible explanation for the dark energy that is accelerating the expansion of the universe. [30] By comparing different types of remote atomic clocks, physicists at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have performed the most accurate test ever of a key principle underlying Albert Einstein's famous theory of general relativity, which describes how gravity relates to space and time. [29] "As crazy as all this looks, there appears to be strong reliability in these behaviors that could even be predictably and practically manipulated," Landman said. [28] A team of physicists from ICTP-Trieste and IQOQI-Innsbruck has come up with a surprisingly simple idea to investigate quantum entanglement of many particles. [27] For the first time, physicists have experimentally demonstrated ternary—rather than binary—quantum correlations between entangled objects. [26] The physicists, Sally Shrapnel, Fabio Costa, and Gerard Milburn, at The University of Queensland in Australia, have published a paper on the new quantum probability rule in the New Journal of Physics. [25] Researchers have studied how a 'drumstick' made of light could make a microscopic 'drum' vibrate and stand still at the same time. [24] A University of Oklahoma physicist, Alberto M. Marino, is developing quantum-enhanced sensors that could find their way into applications ranging from biomedical to chemical detection. [23] A team of researchers from Shanghai Jiao Tong University and the University of Science and Technology of China has developed a chip that allows for two-dimensional quantum walks of single photons on a physical device. [22] The physicists, Sally Shrapnel, Fabio Costa, and Gerard Milburn, at The University of Queensland in Australia, have published a paper on the new quantum probability rule in the New Journal of Physics. [21]
Category: Astrophysics

[48] viXra:1806.0058 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-05 11:30:35

Quantum Stopwatch Memory

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 23 Pages.

Physicists have developed a "quantum stopwatch"—a method that stores time (in the form of states of quantum clocks) in a quantum memory. [17] Physicists have designed a 3-D quantum memory that addresses the tradeoff between achieving long storage times and fast readout times, while at the same time maintaining a compact form. [16] Quantum memories are devices that can store quantum information for a later time, which are usually implemented by storing and re-emitting photons with certain quantum states. [15] The researchers engineered diamond strings that can be tuned to quiet a qubit's environment and improve memory from tens to several hundred nanoseconds, enough time to do many operations on a quantum chip. [14] Intel has announced the design and fabrication of a 49-qubit superconducting quantum-processor chip at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas. To improve our understanding of the so-called quantum properties of materials, scientists at the TU Delft investigated thin slices of SrIrO3, a material that belongs to the family of complex oxides. [12] New research carried out by CQT researchers suggest that standard protocols that measure the dimensions of quantum systems may return incorrect numbers. [11] Is entanglement really necessary for describing the physical world, or is it possible to have some post-quantum theory without entanglement? [10] A trio of scientists who defied Einstein by proving the nonlocal nature of quantum entanglement will be honoured with the John Stewart Bell Prize from the University of Toronto (U of T). [9] While physicists are continually looking for ways to unify the theory of relativity, which describes large-scale phenomena, with quantum theory, which describes small-scale phenomena, computer scientists are searching for technologies to build the quantum computer using Quantum Information. In August 2013, the achievement of "fully deterministic" quantum teleportation, using a hybrid technique, was reported. On 29 May 2014, scientists announced a reliable way of transferring data by quantum teleportation. Quantum teleportation of data had been done before but with highly unreliable methods. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to build the Quantum Computer with the help of Quantum Information.
Category: Quantum Physics

[47] viXra:1806.0057 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-05 12:01:08

Birth and Death of a Phonon

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 40 Pages.

Phonons are discrete units of vibrational energy predicted by quantum mechanics that correspond to collective oscillations of atoms inside a molecule or a crystal. [25] This achievement is considered as an important landmark for the realization of practical application of photon upconversion technology. [24] Considerable interest in new single-photon detector technologies has been scaling in this past decade. [23] Engineers develop key mathematical formula for driving quantum experiments. [22] Physicists are developing quantum simulators, to help solve problems that are beyond the reach of conventional computers. [21] Engineers at Australia's University of New South Wales have invented a radical new architecture for quantum computing, based on novel 'flip-flop qubits', that promises to make the large-scale manufacture of quantum chips dramatically cheaper-and easier-than thought possible. [20] A team of researchers from the U.S. and Italy has built a quantum memory device that is approximately 1000 times smaller than similar devices— small enough to install on a chip. [19] The cutting edge of data storage research is working at the level of individual atoms and molecules, representing the ultimate limit of technological miniaturisation. [18] This is an important clue for our theoretical understanding of optically controlled magnetic data storage media. [17] A crystalline material that changes shape in response to light could form the heart of novel light-activated devices. [16] Now a team of Penn State electrical engineers have a way to simultaneously control diverse optical properties of dielectric waveguides by using a two-layer coating, each layer with a near zero thickness and weight. [15] Just like in normal road traffic, crossings are indispensable in optical signal processing. In order to avoid collisions, a clear traffic rule is required. A new method has now been developed at TU Wien to provide such a rule for light signals. [14]
Category: Quantum Physics

[46] viXra:1806.0056 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-05 12:35:05

An HCE8S Flow Diagram Incorporating the Latest Ideas

Authors: George R. Briggs
Comments: 4 Pages.

Abstract: A forward-time, reverse-time energy cycle of the 8th cycle of an HCE8S universe for a full loop of the energy cycle is shown incorporating my latest ideas.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[45] viXra:1806.0055 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-05 14:34:07

Theory Of Everything part two

Authors: Yahya Awad Sharif Mohammed
Comments: 2 Pages. Author's Email: yahya-sharif@hotmail.com

Explaining briefly the theory of everything as well as some explanations of physics , mechanics of material and chemistry phenomena
Category: Classical Physics

[44] viXra:1806.0053 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-06 02:17:46

Mono-Energetic Neutrinos

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 67 Pages.

Now, in a new result unveiled today at the Neutrino 2018 conference in Heidelberg, Germany, the collaboration has announced its first results using antineutrinos, and has seen strong evidence of muon antineutrinos oscillating into electron antineutrinos over long distances, a phenomenon that has never been unambiguously observed. [37] The Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum Experiment (PROSPECT) has completed the installation of a novel antineutrino detector that will probe the possible existence of a new form of matter. [36] The MINERvA collaboration analyzed data from the interactions of an antineutrino— the antimatter partner of a neutrino—with a nucleus. [35] The inclusion of short-range interactions in models of neutrinoless double-beta decay could impact the interpretation of experimental searches for the elusive decay. [34] The occasional decay of neutrons into dark matter particles could solve a long-standing discrepancy in neutron decay experiments. [33] The U.S. Department of Energy has approved funding and start of construction for the SuperCDMS SNOLAB experiment, which will begin operations in the early 2020s to hunt for hypothetical dark matter particles called weakly interacting massive particles, or WIMPs. [32] Thanks to low-noise superconducting quantum amplifiers invented at the University of California, Berkeley, physicists are now embarking on the most sensitive search yet for axions, one of today's top candidates for dark matter. [31] The Axion Dark Matter Experiment (ADMX) at the University of Washington in Seattle has finally reached the sensitivity needed to detect axions if they make up dark matter, physicists report today in Physical Review Letters. [30]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[43] viXra:1806.0052 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-06 02:29:12

Identities for Second Order Recurrence Sequences

Authors: Kunle Adegoke
Comments: 18 Pages.

We derive several identities for arbitrary homogeneous second order recurrence sequences with constant coefficients. The results are then applied to present a harmonized study of six well known integer sequences, namely the Fibonacci sequence, the sequence of Lucas numbers, the Jacobsthal sequence, the Jacobsthal-Lucas sequence, the Pell sequence and the Pell-Lucas sequence.
Category: Number Theory

[42] viXra:1806.0051 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-06 02:32:45

Weighted Tribonacci sums

Authors: Kunle Adegoke
Comments: 9 Pages.

We derive various weighted summation identities, including binomial and double binomial identities, for Tribonacci numbers. Our results contain some previously known results as special cases.
Category: Number Theory

[41] viXra:1806.0050 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-06 02:43:36

Analysis Method of Nano-Dispersed Gold in Minerals Research

Authors: Il-Man Pak, Kwang-Il Kim
Comments: 5 Pages.

In recent years, research projects have been actively carried out by research institutes in various countries to determine the existence of nano-dispersed gold and other noxious gold and to increase the rate of mistakes of gold ore. In some countries, JEM-1000 electron microscope observations of clay minerals based on water-borne moths have shown that gold grains with a size of several tens of nanometers are present in mucus. In Korea, there are opinions that nano-dispersed gold exists, but very accurate data on scientific research results are rarely presented. [1, 2] In the lecture, a reasonable analytical method for analyzing nanodisperse gold by using scanning electron microscope combined with energy dispersive X-ray analyzer is established, and its existence state (size, shape, distribution state , Compound state).
Category: Chemistry

[40] viXra:1806.0049 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-06 02:48:22

CSP Solver and Capacitated Vehile Routing Problem

Authors: Thinh D. Nguyen
Comments: 10 Pages.

In this paper, we present several models for Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) using Choco solver. A concise introduction to the constraint programming methods is included. Then, we construct two models for CVRP. Experimental results for each model are given in details.
Category: Combinatorics and Graph Theory

[39] viXra:1806.0048 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-06 03:29:53

On the Postulate of the Constancy of the Speed of Light in the STR (English Version)

Authors: V.A. Kasimov
Comments: 7 Pages. English

The question of whether the necessary postulate of the constancy of the speed of light for the construction of the Special Theory of Relativity was raised and discussed, at least two independent authors [1, 2]. The answer to this question is methodologically very important in recognition of the fact that the foundations of the output of the Galilean transformations and Lorentz are the same basic properties of substantial space and time of Newton. It turned out that in the classical physics "hiding" a contradiction in the substantial properties of space and time. What is the essence of this contradiction? The article attempts to answer this question. Note that the authors of the mentioned works have received their findings generally avoiding mention of the words "light" and "the speed of its spread".
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[38] viXra:1806.0047 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-06 04:42:10

Exactly Solving Second Order Linear Ordinary Differential Equations

Authors: Claude Michael Cassano
Comments: 18 Pages.

Further development of exactly solving second order linear ordinary differential equations, and related non-linear ordinary differential equations.
Category: Functions and Analysis

[37] viXra:1806.0045 [pdf] replaced on 2018-06-08 08:27:08

Graph Isomorphism and Circuit Isomorphism

Authors: Thinh D. Nguyen
Comments: 4 Pages.

In this note, we show that graph isomorphism and some of its variant are both reducible to circuit isomorphism problem, in polynomial time.
Category: Combinatorics and Graph Theory

[36] viXra:1806.0044 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-04 06:31:48

L’apprentissage Profond Sur Mimic-III :Prédiction de la Mortalité Sous 24 H

Authors: Ayoub ABRAICH
Comments: 97 Pages.

Ce projet décrit la fouille de données sur la base MIMIC-III . L’objectif est de prédire le décès à l’hôpital sur la base MIMIC III. On va suivre dans ce projet le processus Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) qui est : 1. Sélection et extraction d’un ensemble de données de séries chronologiques multiva- riées à partir d’une base de données de rangées de millons en écrivant des requêtes SQL. 2. Prétraiter et nettoyer la série chronologique en un ensemble de données bien rangé en explorant les données, en gérant les données manquantes (taux de données man- quantes> 50%) et en supprimant le bruit / les valeurs aberrantes. 3. Développement d’un modèle prédictif permettant d’associer aux séries chronolo- giques biomédicales un indicateur de gravité ( probabilité de mortalité ) en mettant en œuvre plusieurs algorithmes tels que l’arbre de décision gradient boost et le k-NN (k-nearest neighbors) avec l’algorithme DTW (Dynamic time warping). 4. Résultat de 30% d’augmentation du score F1 (mesure de la précision d’un test) par rapport à l’indice de notation médical (SAPS II).
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[35] viXra:1806.0043 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-04 07:11:47

Antineutrino Oscillation

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 64 Pages.

Now, in a new result unveiled today at the Neutrino 2018 conference in Heidelberg, Germany, the collaboration has announced its first results using antineutrinos, and has seen strong evidence of muon antineutrinos oscillating into electron antineutrinos over long distances, a phenomenon that has never been unambiguously observed. [37] The Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum Experiment (PROSPECT) has completed the installation of a novel antineutrino detector that will probe the possible existence of a new form of matter. [36] The MINERvA collaboration analyzed data from the interactions of an antineutrino— the antimatter partner of a neutrino—with a nucleus. [35] The inclusion of short-range interactions in models of neutrinoless double-beta decay could impact the interpretation of experimental searches for the elusive decay. [34] The occasional decay of neutrons into dark matter particles could solve a long-standing discrepancy in neutron decay experiments. [33] The U.S. Department of Energy has approved funding and start of construction for the SuperCDMS SNOLAB experiment, which will begin operations in the early 2020s to hunt for hypothetical dark matter particles called weakly interacting massive particles, or WIMPs. [32] Thanks to low-noise superconducting quantum amplifiers invented at the University of California, Berkeley, physicists are now embarking on the most sensitive search yet for axions, one of today's top candidates for dark matter. [31] The Axion Dark Matter Experiment (ADMX) at the University of Washington in Seattle has finally reached the sensitivity needed to detect axions if they make up dark matter, physicists report today in Physical Review Letters. [30] Now our new study – which hints that extremely light particles called neutrinos are likely to make up some of the dark matter – challenges our current understanding of its composition. [29]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[34] viXra:1806.0042 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-04 08:04:14

Quantum Schizophrenia

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 44 Pages.

"As crazy as all this looks, there appears to be strong reliability in these behaviors that could even be predictably and practically manipulated," Landman said. [28] A team of physicists from ICTP-Trieste and IQOQI-Innsbruck has come up with a surprisingly simple idea to investigate quantum entanglement of many particles. [27] For the first time, physicists have experimentally demonstrated ternary—rather than binary—quantum correlations between entangled objects. [26] The physicists, Sally Shrapnel, Fabio Costa, and Gerard Milburn, at The University of Queensland in Australia, have published a paper on the new quantum probability rule in the New Journal of Physics. [25] Researchers have studied how a 'drumstick' made of light could make a microscopic 'drum' vibrate and stand still at the same time. [24] A University of Oklahoma physicist, Alberto M. Marino, is developing quantum-enhanced sensors that could find their way into applications ranging from biomedical to chemical detection. [23] A team of researchers from Shanghai Jiao Tong University and the University of Science and Technology of China has developed a chip that allows for two-dimensional quantum walks of single photons on a physical device. [22] The physicists, Sally Shrapnel, Fabio Costa, and Gerard Milburn, at The University of Queensland in Australia, have published a paper on the new quantum probability rule in the New Journal of Physics. [21] Probabilistic computing will allow future systems to comprehend and compute with uncertainties inherent in natural data, which will enable us to build computers capable of understanding, predicting and decision-making. [20] For years, the people developing artificial intelligence drew inspiration from what was known about the human brain, and it has enjoyed a lot of success as a result. Now, AI is starting to return the favor. [19] Scientists at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA), located at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, have pioneered the use of GPU-accelerated deep learning for rapid detection and characterization of gravitational waves. [18]
Category: Quantum Physics

[33] viXra:1806.0041 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-04 09:10:35

Lepton Colliders

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 66 Pages.

Lepton Colliders "There is strong experimental evidence that there is indeed some new physics lurking in the lepton sector," Dev said. [38] Now, in a new result unveiled today at the Neutrino 2018 conference in Heidelberg, Germany, the collaboration has announced its first results using antineutrinos, and has seen strong evidence of muon antineutrinos oscillating into electron antineutrinos over long distances, a phenomenon that has never been unambiguously observed. [37] The Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum Experiment (PROSPECT) has completed the installation of a novel antineutrino detector that will probe the possible existence of a new form of matter. [36] The MINERvA collaboration analyzed data from the interactions of an antineutrino— the antimatter partner of a neutrino—with a nucleus. [35] The inclusion of short-range interactions in models of neutrinoless double-beta decay could impact the interpretation of experimental searches for the elusive decay. [34] The occasional decay of neutrons into dark matter particles could solve a long-standing discrepancy in neutron decay experiments. [33] The U.S. Department of Energy has approved funding and start of construction for the SuperCDMS SNOLAB experiment, which will begin operations in the early 2020s to hunt for hypothetical dark matter particles called weakly interacting massive particles, or WIMPs. [32] Thanks to low-noise superconducting quantum amplifiers invented at the University of California, Berkeley, physicists are now embarking on the most sensitive search yet for axions, one of today's top candidates for dark matter. [31] The Axion Dark Matter Experiment (ADMX) at the University of Washington in Seattle has finally reached the sensitivity needed to detect axions if they make up dark matter, physicists report today in Physical Review Letters. [30]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[32] viXra:1806.0040 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-04 09:53:44

Higgs Boson and Top Quark

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 13 Pages.

Higgs boson decaying into bottom quarks. Now, scientists are tackling its relationship with the top quark. [9] Usha Mallik and her team used a grant from the U.S. Department of Energy to help build a sub-detector at the Large Hadron Collider, the world's largest and most powerful particle accelerator, located in Switzerland. They're running experiments on the sub-detector to search for a pair of bottom quarks— subatomic yin-and-yang particles that should be produced about 60 percent of the time a Higgs boson decays. [8] A new way of measuring how the Higgs boson couples to other fundamental particles has been proposed by physicists in France, Israel and the US. Their technique would involve comparing the spectra of several different isotopes of the same atom to see how the Higgs force between the atom's electrons and its nucleus affects the atomic energy levels. [7] The magnetic induction creates a negative electric field, causing an electromagnetic inertia responsible for the relativistic mass change; it is the mysterious Higgs Field giving mass to the particles. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate by the diffraction patterns. The accelerating charges explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the wave particle duality and the electron's spin also, building the bridge between the Classical and Relativistic Quantum Theories. The self maintained electric potential of the accelerating charges equivalent with the General Relativity space-time curvature, and since it is true on the quantum level also, gives the base of the Quantum Gravity. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the relativistic quantum theory.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[31] viXra:1806.0039 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-04 10:21:18

New Way Light Interact with Matter

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 30 Pages.

A new way of enhancing the interactions between light and matter, developed by researchers at MIT and Israel's Technion, could someday lead to more efficient solar cells that collect a wider range of light wavelengths, and new kinds of lasers and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) that could have fully tunable color emissions. [17] A team of researchers at the Center for Relativistic Laser Science, within the Institute for Basic Science (IBS) have developed a method to measure the shape of laser pulses in ambient air. [16] Studying the fleeting actions of electrons in organic materials will now be much easier, thanks to a new method for generating fast X-rays. [15] In a laboratory at the University of Rochester, researchers are using lasers to change the surface of metals in incredible ways, such as making them super water-repellent without the use of special coatings, paints, or solvents. [14] The interaction of high-power laser light sources with matter has given rise to numerous applications including; fast ion acceleration; intense X-ray, gamma-ray, positron and neutron generation; and fast-ignition-based laser fusion. [13] Conventional electron accelerators have become an indispensable tool in modern research. [12] An outstanding conundrum on what happens to the laser energy after beams are fired into plasma has been solved in newly-published research at the University of Strathclyde. [11] Researchers at Lund University and Louisiana State University have developed a tool that makes it possible to control extreme UV light-light with much shorter wavelengths than visible light. [10] Tiny micro-and nanoscale structures within a material's surface are invisible to the naked eye, but play a big role in determining a material's physical, chemical, and biomedical properties. [9] A team of researchers led by Leo Kouwenhoven at TU Delft has demonstrated an on-chip microwave laser based on a fundamental property of superconductivity, the ac Josephson effect. They embedded a small section of an interrupted superconductor, a Josephson junction, in a carefully engineered on-chip cavity. Such a device opens the door to many applications in which microwave radiation with minimal dissipation is key, for example in controlling qubits in a scalable quantum computer. [8]
Category: Quantum Physics

[30] viXra:1806.0038 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-04 10:42:41

3-D Quantum Memory

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 22 Pages.

Physicists have designed a 3-D quantum memory that addresses the tradeoff between achieving long storage times and fast readout times, while at the same time maintaining a compact form. [16] Quantum memories are devices that can store quantum information for a later time, which are usually implemented by storing and re-emitting photons with certain quantum states. [15] The researchers engineered diamond strings that can be tuned to quiet a qubit's environment and improve memory from tens to several hundred nanoseconds, enough time to do many operations on a quantum chip. [14] Intel has announced the design and fabrication of a 49-qubit superconducting quantum-processor chip at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas. To improve our understanding of the so-called quantum properties of materials, scientists at the TU Delft investigated thin slices of SrIrO3, a material that belongs to the family of complex oxides. [12] New research carried out by CQT researchers suggest that standard protocols that measure the dimensions of quantum systems may return incorrect numbers. [11] Is entanglement really necessary for describing the physical world, or is it possible to have some post-quantum theory without entanglement? [10] A trio of scientists who defied Einstein by proving the nonlocal nature of quantum entanglement will be honoured with the John Stewart Bell Prize from the University of Toronto (U of T). [9] While physicists are continually looking for ways to unify the theory of relativity, which describes large-scale phenomena, with quantum theory, which describes small-scale phenomena, computer scientists are searching for technologies to build the quantum computer using Quantum Information. In August 2013, the achievement of "fully deterministic" quantum teleportation, using a hybrid technique, was reported. On 29 May 2014, scientists announced a reliable way of transferring data by quantum teleportation. Quantum teleportation of data had been done before but with highly unreliable methods. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to build the Quantum Computer with the help of Quantum Information.
Category: Quantum Physics

[29] viXra:1806.0037 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-04 13:41:34

Theory Of Everything

Authors: Yahya Awad Sharif Mohammed
Comments: 2 Pages. Author's Email: yahya-sharif@hotmail.com

Explaining briefly the theory of everything as well as some explanations of physics mechanics of material and chemistry phenomena
Category: Classical Physics

[28] viXra:1806.0035 [pdf] replaced on 2018-06-09 00:00:55

Some Parameters of 4D Matter

Authors: Valery P. Skorobogatov
Comments: 8 Pages. some corrections are used

Certain corrections to the parameters of 4D matter that was given earlier are obtained by other method. Also, a procedure for calculation of a planet’s distance from the sun is proposed, and it in several cases it corresponds well with observations.
Category: Astrophysics

[27] viXra:1806.0034 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-05 00:54:14

Documentation of the Solar Activity Variations and It's Influence on Climate

Authors: Dimitris Poulos
Comments: 5 Pages. Global Journal of Physics

The four planets that influence the most the solar surface through tidal forcing seem to affect the Earth climate. A simple two cosine model with periods 251 years, of the seasonality of the Earth – Venus syzygies, and 265.4 years, of the combined syzygies of Jupiter and Mercury with Earth when Earth is in syn od with Venus, fits well the Northern Hemisphere temperatures of the last 1000 years as reconstructed by Jones et al (1998). The physical mechanism proposed is that planetary gravitational forces drive solar activity that in turn drives temperature variations in earth. The sun is in a boundary balance state at one hand collapsing due to gravity and at the other hand expanding due to fus ion, and as such it should be heavily influenced by minimal external forcings such as planetary gravity. Sound waves in the solar mass, created from the planetary movement, are responsible for the formation of solar corona and sun spots. The Earth-Venus 251 year resonance is resonant to a near surface solar layer's thermal natural frequency that “e xplodes” to form solar wind. The calculated solar wind properties match the observed.
Category: Astrophysics

[26] viXra:1806.0033 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-05 00:57:28

A Note on the Solar Activity and Solar Wind Mechanisms and an Answer to the Critique that Tidal Forces from Orbiting Planets Are Very Weak to Produce Any Visible Effect to Sun

Authors: Dimitris Poulos
Comments: 1 Page.

Tidal forcing of the solar atmosphere and the solar activity variability it produces, isn’t in fact a high scale phenomenon. The solar temperature varies by some 6000 K at surface to some millions K at core. So if only you dig into some kilometers into the ultra low density gas solar atmosphere by tidal perturbation, you can have some 1000 K increase in temperature. This is not a high scale phenomenon. It is only perceived as high scale because it influences our lives.
Category: Astrophysics

[25] viXra:1806.0031 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-03 06:48:48

Cause Analysis of Magnetic Moment Anomaly of Electron Family Divergence Between Electromagnetic Force and Weak Nuclear Force

Authors: Zhengdong Huang
Comments: 40 Pages.

The paper aimed to analyze the decay mode of 253 kinds of electron particles and one kind of collision reaction in order to discover the objective existence of the decay state of the electron particles. Meanwhile, the paper also intended to research the cause of the magnetic moment anomaly of the electron to obtain the theoretical value of g, and this value was compared with the experimental value: the two values have 12 significant figures as the same, and the error is within 5.3E-13. Furthermore, the proposed method was compared with QED method for advantage and disadvantage analysis in the aspects of action type, theoretical accuracy of magnetic moment anomaly, particle state, basic reaction type, potential energy form, formula for magnetic moment anomaly of electron and seven major items of detail. The proposed method is superior in all above aspects and can effectively avoid the three problems exposed in QED method, namely: intrinsic property explanation by external factors, inconsistence between μ theoretical value and experimental value and point state difficulty, so the proposed method becomes the most reasonable theory for explaining the magnetic moment anomaly of electron.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[24] viXra:1806.0030 [pdf] replaced on 2018-06-27 22:04:44

The Function f(x) = C and the Continuum Hypothesis

Authors: Ron Ragusa
Comments: 14 Pages. email: ron.ragusa@gmail.com

Part 1 examines whether or not an analysis of the behavior of the function f(x) = C, where C is any constant, on the interval (a, b) where a and b are real numbers and a < b, will provide a method of proving the truth or falsity of the Continuum Hypothesis (CH). The argument will be presented in three theorems and one corollary. The first theorem proves, by construction, the countability of the domain d of f(x) = C on the interval (a, b) where a and b are real numbers. The second theorem proves, by substitution, that the set of natural numbers ℕ has the same cardinality as the subset S of real numbers on the given interval. The corollary extends the proof of theorem 2 to show that ℕ and ℝ are of the same cardinality. The third theorem proves, by logical inference, that the CH is true. Part 2 is a demonstration of how the set of natural numbers ℕ can be put into a one to one correspondence with the power set of natural numbers, P(ℕ). From this I will derive the bijective function f : ℕ → P(ℕ). Lastly, I’ll propose a conjecture asserting that f(x) = C can be employed to construct a one to one correspondence between the natural numbers and any infinite set that can be cast as the domain of the function. Appendix A extends the methodology for creating a bijection between infinite sets to the function f(x) = x2 using random real numbers from the domain of the function as input to f(x) = x2 in order to show how the constructed array would appear in practical application.
Category: Set Theory and Logic

[23] viXra:1806.0029 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-03 08:50:41

About the Second Postulate of STR (English Version)

Authors: V.A. Kasimov
Comments: 2 Pages. English

Probably, orthodox physicists will consider the question indecent: Is the second postulate necessary for the construction of a Special theory of Relativity? Nevertheless, this issue was raised and considered by at least two independent authors [1, 2]. This topic is proposed for discussion.
Category: Classical Physics

[22] viXra:1806.0026 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-03 13:30:41

First Newtonian Analyzes of the Michelson-Morley Experiment Using the Fixed Elastic Collision Law

Authors: Abdelkader B. Zadel
Comments: 43 Pages.

In these papers, physicists will find the latest mathematical analysis of the results of the Michelson-Morley experiment, which was the source of all papers for Fitzgerald, Lorentz, Poincare, Minkowski and Einstein. This analyzes are the result of a study of the elastic collision theory, and are quite different from those of early physicists who have paved the way for the emergence of relativity theory. This work will discuss Fitzgerald-Lorentz's explanations and prove that they are not correct.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[21] viXra:1806.0025 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-04 00:46:57

Aether is Heat Capacity Per Linear Meter

Authors: David E. Fuller
Comments: 4 Pages.

Aether is Heat Capacity per linear meter This Heat Capacity Causes an "Extinction Horizon" of 13.88805 Billion Light Years & the Hubble Red-shift seen as an Expanding Universe
Category: Quantum Physics

[20] viXra:1806.0024 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-04 05:09:51

The Time Scale of Gravitational Collapse

Authors: Trevor W. Marshall
Comments: 9 Pages.

In a previous article it was shown that the end state for the dust metric of Oppenheimer and Snyder has most of its mass concentrated just inside the gravitational radius; it is proposed that the resulting object be considered as an idealized \emph{shell collapsar}. Here the treatment is extended to include the family of interior metrics described by Weinberg, and involving the curvature parameter of a Friedmann metric. The end state is again a shell collapsar, with a shell which becomes more concentrated as the curvature parameter increases, which shows that the details of the shell structure are dependent on the initial density profile at the beginning of the collapse. What is lacking in most previous commentaries on the Oppenheimer-Snyder article is the recognition that their matching of the time coordinate at the surface implies a finite upper limit for the comoving time coordinate. A collapse process having all the matter going inside the gravitational radius would require comoving times which go outside that limit.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[19] viXra:1806.0023 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-02 05:05:24

Microbes Survive Clean Rooms

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 34 Pages.

For planetary protection, this indicates that more stringent cleaning steps may be needed for missions focused on life detection and highlights the potential need to use differing and rotating cleaning reagents that are compatible with the spacecraft to control the biological burden. [20] Now an international team of researchers has found a new way to investigate how Tb bacteria inactivate an important family of antibiotics: They watched the process in action for the first time using an X-ray free-electron laser, or XFEL. [19] A protein complex called facilitates chromatin transcription (FACT) plays a role in DNA packing within a nucleus, as well as in oncogenesis. [18] An LMU team now reveals the inner workings of a molecular motor made of proteins which packs and unpacks DNA. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15] Scientists from Moscow State University (MSU) working with an international team of researchers have identified the structure of one of the key regions of telomerase—a so-called "cellular immortality" ribonucleoprotein. [14] Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University used a light-sensitive iridium-palladium catalyst to make "sequential" polymers, using visible light to change how building blocks are combined into polymer chains. [13] Researchers have fused living and non-living cells for the first time in a way that allows them to work together, paving the way for new applications. [12] UZH researchers have discovered a previously unknown way in which proteins interact with one another and cells organize themselves. [11] Dr Martin Sweatman from the University of Edinburgh's School of Engineering has discovered a simple physical principle that might explain how life started on Earth. [10] Nearly 75 years ago, Nobel Prize-winning physicist Erwin Schrödinger wondered if the mysterious world of quantum mechanics played a role in biology.
Category: Physics of Biology

[18] viXra:1806.0022 [pdf] replaced on 2018-06-04 20:47:27

Precious Primes, a New Category of Primes that May be Used to Represent Three Different Primes: Related Conjecture and Possible Applications Such as Encoding Graphs

Authors: Prashanth R. Rao, Tirumal Rao
Comments: 2 Pages.

In this paper we define a novel kind of prime “p” with (m+n) digits whose first “m” digits represent a prime and the next “n” digits also represent a prime in just one possible way. These primes which we call as precious primes relate three different primes and therefore products of precious primes may allow representation of complex structures such as graphs.
Category: Number Theory

[17] viXra:1806.0021 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-02 08:14:18

Solar Wind Boundary

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 29 Pages.

NASA has selected a science mission planned for launch in 2024 that will sample, analyze, and map particles streaming to Earth from the edges of interstellar space. [22] When a massive astrophysical object, such as a boson star or black hole, rotates, it can cause the surrounding spacetime to rotate along with it due to the effect of frame dragging. [21] Rotating black holes and computers that use quantum-mechanical phenomena to process information are topics that have fascinated science lovers for decades, but even the most innovative thinkers rarely put them together. [20] If someone were to venture into one of these relatively benign black holes, they could survive, but their past would be obliterated and they could have an infinite number of possible futures. [19] The group explains their theory in a paper published in the journal Physical Review Letters—it involves the idea of primordial black holes (PBHs) infesting the centers of neutron stars and eating them from the inside out. [18] But for rotating black holes, there's a region outside the event horizon where strange and extraordinary things can happen, and these extraordinary possibilities are the focus of a new paper in the American Physical Society journal Physical Review Letters. [17] Astronomers have constructed the first map of the universe based on the positions of supermassive black holes, which reveals the large-scale structure of the universe. [16] Astronomers want to record an image of the heart of our galaxy for the first time: a global collaboration of radio dishes is to take a detailed look at the black hole which is assumed to be located there. [15] A team of researchers from around the world is getting ready to create what might be the first image of a black hole. [14] "There seems to be a mysterious link between the amount of dark matter a galaxy holds and the size of its central black hole, even though the two operate on vastly different scales," said Akos Bogdan of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA). [13] If dark matter comes in both matter and antimatter varieties, it might accumulate inside dense stars to create black holes. [12] For a long time, there were two main theories related to how our universe would end. These were the Big Freeze and the Big Crunch. In short, the Big Crunch claimed that the universe would eventually stop expanding and collapse in on itself. This collapse would result in…well…a big crunch (for lack of a better term). Think " the Big Bang " , except just the opposite. That's essentially what the Big Crunch is. On the other hand, the Big Freeze claimed that the universe would continue expanding forever, until the cosmos becomes a frozen wasteland. This theory asserts that stars will get farther and farther apart, burn out, and (since there are no more stars bring born) the universe will grown entirely cold and eternally black. [11] Newly published research reveals that dark matter is being swallowed up by dark energy, offering novel insight into the nature of dark matter and dark energy and what the future of our Universe might be. [10] The gravitational force attracting the matter, causing concentration of the matter in a small space and leaving much space with low matter concentration: dark matter and energy. There is an asymmetry between the mass of the electric charges, for example proton and electron, can understood by the asymmetrical Planck Distribution Law. This temperature dependent energy distribution is asymmetric around the maximum intensity, where the annihilation of matter and antimatter is a high probability event. The asymmetric sides are creating different frequencies of electromagnetic radiations being in the same intensity level and compensating each other. One of these compensating ratios is the electron – proton mass ratio. The lower energy side has no compensating intensity level, it is the dark energy and the corresponding matter is the dark matter.
Category: Astrophysics

[16] viXra:1806.0020 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-02 10:37:02

Advances of the New Century: It’s All About the Wavefunction

Authors: Peter Cameron, Michaele Suisse
Comments: 7 Pages.

The 2018 Physics Today essay competition invites participants to identify a ‘significant advance’ in his or her field since the millennium that deserves wider recognition among non-experts, and to write an essay that describes the advance, how it was made, and why it’s important[1]. This essay takes quantum mechanics to be the field of interest, introducing ‘non-experts’ to a new synthesis of math and physics, of geometry and fields, a computationally precise yet intuitive representation of wavefunctions and their interactions at all scales, allowing for a common sense interpretation of quantum phenomena and resolution of most if not all quantum paradoxes. It’s all about the wavefunction, the foundation, fundamental, quantum philosophy, quantum logic. As yet we are all non-experts.
Category: Quantum Physics

[15] viXra:1806.0019 [pdf] replaced on 2018-06-06 05:08:44

Preceding: Atomic Internal Gravitational Waves and Shock Waves: Electromagnetic Charge Cannot Hold a Positron Near a Proton Both with Positive Charges, But the Gravitational Waves Make it Possible

Authors: Peiman Ghasemi
Comments: 3 Pages.

Mostly, the destructive force of internal (atomic) wave-particles that we call microscopic shock waves emitted by the nuclei at most, and lastly the external (galactic gravitonic, and photonic) wave-particles towards the nuclei, is affectionate to make them unstable. A higher rate of energy that would increase the internal energy of atoms and so increases the energy of these sub-atomic particles, and also what we call higher entropy (higher energy dispersal), both cause the powerful microscopic shock waves, coming from sub atomic wave-particles. Shock waves are not much strong for atomic objects, or celestial objects to get measured, meanwhile their destructive power potentially can destroy the nearby smaller and weakly confined objects.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[14] viXra:1806.0018 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-02 11:45:07

The Dimensionless Quantity Connecting Sun-like Stars to Red Dwarfs on a Mass-Radii Diagram: The Cassandra Ratio

Authors: Jeffrey Joseph Wolynski
Comments: 6 Pages. 2 graphs, 1 data set, 1 picture

It is presented a dimensionless quantity that predicts the radii of G, K and M type stars between 1/2 and 1 Solar mass. That quantity is 9.6/1000, or ~1/100. So if you have a G, K or M type star with the radii of 5-10 Jupiters, you can multiply that radii by 100 to find its mass in Jupiter masses. The dimensionless quantity and graph shows that the Sun will not become a red giant, it will lose its size due to mass loss via the mass loss principle at a rate of ~1/100 per unit mass. Data is taken from the Kepler data set and is listed, as well as a line of best fit on the graph. The line on the graph is the location of the Cassandra Ratio.
Category: Astrophysics

[13] viXra:1806.0017 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-02 12:22:34

Once More About Quantum "Entanglement" (English Version)

Authors: V.A.Kasimov
Comments: 16 Pages. English

During the conceptual design of the experimental results of Aspect one must speak the language of quantum mechanics, not the language Argo of the private insights. One of these insights is the concept of "entanglement" (of particles or states is unclear!) The language of quantum mechanics allows for a clear and unambiguous manner to give concrete content to the questions on this occasion. For the analysis of the proposed elementary model used in [1, 2].
Category: Quantum Physics

[12] viXra:1806.0016 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-02 13:36:36

Human Cytomegalovirus: The Cause Of IgA Nephropathy.

Authors: Ilija Barukčić
Comments: 15 pages. Copyright © 2018 by Ilija Barukčić, Jever, Germany. Published by:.

Objective: The present publication investigates the relationship between the presence of Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in renal tissue and IgA Nephropathy (IgAN). Methods: A systematic review and re-analysis of studies which investigated the relationship between HCMV and IgAN was conducted aimed to answer the following question. Is there a cause-effect relationship between HCMV and IgAN? The method of the conditio sine qua non relationship was used to proof the hypothesis whether the presence of HCMV guarantees the presence of IgAN. In other words, without HCMV no IgAN. The mathematical formula of the causal relationship k was used to proof the hypotheses is, whether there is a cause-effect relationship between HCMV and IgAN. Significance was indicated by a p-value of less than 0.05. Results: The studies analysed were able to provide strict evidence that HCMV is a necessary condition (a conditio sine qua non), a sufficient condition and a necessary and sufficient condition of IgAN. Furthermore, the cause-effect relationship between HCMV and IgAN (N=37, k =+0.514619883, p value (k) =0.001746216) was highly significant. Conclusions: On the basis of published data and ongoing research, sufficient evidence is given to conclude that HCMV is the cause of IgA Nephropathy. Keywords: Cytomegalovirus, IgA Nephropathy, Causal relationship
Category: Statistics

[11] viXra:1806.0013 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-02 22:06:08

Moon and Earth Gravitational Interaction Explained with Gravitons

Authors: Adrian Ferent
Comments: 165 Pages. © 2014 Adrian Ferent

Moon and Earth gravitational interaction explained with Gravitons “I explained the Gravitational force between Earth and Moon, mediated by Gravitons” Adrian Ferent Distance from the center of the earth to the center of the moon is 384,400,000 m Gravitational force between Moon and Earth: 1.9 × 10^20 N The gravitational potential energy between Moon and Earth: 7.6 × 10^28 J What is the energy of the Gravitons emitted by the Moon? I calculated before that the frequency of the Gravitons emitted by Earth must be smaller than: ν < 4.176×10^56 Hz I consider the Moon made of electrons. The Moon is made of 8 × 10^52 electrons Each electron emits a Graviton. The energy of each Graviton: 9.5 × 10^(-25) J Graviton energy: a×f This means the frequency of the Gravitons emitted by the Moon: 5.9 × 10^51 Hz I calculated before that the frequency of the Gravitons emitted by Earth, Moon must be smaller than: ν < 4.176×10^51 Hz This is another proof that Ferent Gravitation theory is right! One argument against my Gravitation theory was that the Gravitons are too small to mediate the gravitational force between planets. “I explained the Gravitational force between Earth and Moon, mediated by Gravitons” Adrian Ferent You learned from Einstein gravitation theory, from your professors that Gravitation is caused by the spacetime curvature. There are also waves of the spacetime curvature, the gravitational waves. This is another proof that Ferent gravitation theory is right and Einstein gravitation theory, String theory, LQG… are wrong theories. The massless Gravitons have infinite range: “Gravitons mediate the Gravitational force between planets, between stars, between galaxies…” Adrian Ferent “Because the graviton flux emitted by the Earth is bigger than the graviton flux emitted by the Moon, the Earth attracts with greater force the Moon, than the Moon attracts the Earth” Adrian Ferent “Because the Earth attracts with greater force the Moon, than the Moon attracts the Earth, Newton’s third law is wrong” Adrian Ferent 80. I am the first who explained Moon and Earth gravitational interaction with Gravitons 81. I am the first who explained because the graviton flux emitted by the Earth is bigger than the graviton flux emitted by the Moon, the Earth attracts with greater force the Moon, than the Moon attracts the Earth 82. I am the first who explained because the Earth attracts with greater force the Moon, than the Moon attracts the Earth, Newton’s third law is wrong
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[10] viXra:1806.0012 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-01 13:12:33

DNA-Based Robots

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 36 Pages.

Researchers have devised a magnetic control system to make tiny DNA-based robots move on demand—and much faster than recently possible. [21] Humans have 46 chromosomes, and each one is capped at either end by repetitive sequences called telomeres. [20] Just like any long polymer chain, DNA tends to form knots. Using technology that allows them to stretch DNA molecules and image the behavior of these knots, MIT researchers have discovered, for the first time, the factors that determine whether a knot moves along the strand or "jams" in place. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18] An LMU team now reveals the inner workings of a molecular motor made of proteins which packs and unpacks DNA. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15] Scientists from Moscow State University (MSU) working with an international team of researchers have identified the structure of one of the key regions of telomerase—a so-called "cellular immortality" ribonucleoprotein. [14] Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University used a light-sensitive iridium-palladium catalyst to make "sequential" polymers, using visible light to change how building blocks are combined into polymer chains. [13] Researchers have fused living and non-living cells for the first time in a way that allows them to work together, paving the way for new applications. [12] UZH researchers have discovered a previously unknown way in which proteins interact with one another and cells organize themselves. [11]
Category: Physics of Biology

[9] viXra:1806.0009 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-02 04:10:35

Insulator with Conducting Edges

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 35 Pages.

Physicists at the University of Zurich are researching a new class of materials: Higher-order topological insulators. [35] One can also imagine making a superconducting transistor out of graphene, which you can switch on and off, from superconducting to insulating. That opens many possibilities for quantum devices." [34] A team of scientists has detected a hidden state of electronic order in a layered material containing lanthanum, barium, copper, and oxygen (LBCO). [33] Now in a new study, researchers have discovered the existence of a positive feedback loop that gratly enhances the superconductivity of cuprates and may shed light on the origins of high-temperature cuprate superconductivity— considered one of the most important open questions in physics. [33] Using ultracold atoms, researchers at Heidelberg University have found an exotic state of matter where the constituent particles pair up when limited to two dimensions. [32] Neutron diffraction at the Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering has clarified the absence of magnetic order and classified the superconductivity of a new next-generation of superconductors in a paper published in Europhysics Letters. [31] A potential new state of matter is being reported in the journal Nature, with research showing that among superconducting materials in high magnetic fields, the phenomenon of electronic symmetry breaking is common. [30] Researchers from the University of Geneva (UNIGE) in Switzerland and the Technical University Munich in Germany have lifted the veil on the electronic characteristics of high-temperature superconductors. Their research, published in Nature Communications, shows that the electronic densities measured in these superconductors are a combination of two separate effects. As a result, they propose a new model that suggests the existence of two coexisting states rather than competing ones postulated for the past thirty years, a small revolution in the world of superconductivity. [29]
Category: Condensed Matter

[8] viXra:1806.0008 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-02 04:34:38

(DVTM Psij Short Research Article 30.05.2018 19 Pages) (Toy-Model) a Simple “Digital” Vacuum Composed of Space Voxels with Quantized Energetic States (Physical Science International Journal, Issn: 2348-0130,vol.: 18, Issue.: 1)

Authors: Andrei Lucian Dragoi
Comments: 19 Pages.

Based on a plausible electro-gravitational scaling factor of nature, this paper proposes a relatively simple “digital” vacuum toy model (DVTM) based on a quantized 3D space composed of space voxels with quantized energetic states. DVTM contains a relatively small set observations and statements (the assumptions of the model) that may generate a relatively large number of explanations (on the common origin of both gravitational and inertial masses and Einstein’s special/general relativity) and predictions “inside” and beyond the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics: a model of movement, a Big Bounce universe and a unification pattern for all known fundamental fields. DVTM can be considered a kind of “patch” for some Loop Quantum Gravity theories (LQGTs) and for M-Theory (MT). Keywords: Electro-gravitational scaling factor of nature; “digital” vacuum toy model (DVTM); quantized 3D space; space voxels with quantized energetic states; Standard Model (SM) of particle physics; model of movement; Big Bounce universe; unification pattern for all known fundamental fields; Loop Quantum Gravity theories (LQGTs); M-Theory (MT). OFFICIAL PUBLICATION SITE LINKS: http://www.sciencedomain.org/abstract/24892 http://www.sciencedomain.org/review-history/24892 http://www.journalrepository.org/media/journals/PSIJ_33/2018/Jun/Dragoi1812018PSIJ41391.pdf http://www.sciencedomain.org/issue/3559
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[7] viXra:1806.0007 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-02 04:37:40

Apple Cleared Path for App Update

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 41 Pages.

A team of researchers including U of A engineering and physics faculty has developed a new method of detecting single photons, or light particles, using quantum dots. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24] In a joint research project, scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI), the Technische Universität Berlin (TU) and the University of Rostock have managed for the first time to image free nanoparticles in a laboratory experiment using a highintensity laser source. [23] For the first time, researchers have built a nanolaser that uses only a single molecular layer, placed on a thin silicon beam, which operates at room temperature. [22] A team of engineers at Caltech has discovered how to use computer-chip manufacturing technologies to create the kind of reflective materials that make safety vests, running shoes, and road signs appear shiny in the dark. [21] In the September 23th issue of the Physical Review Letters, Prof. Julien Laurat and his team at Pierre and Marie Curie University in Paris (Laboratoire Kastler Brossel-LKB) report that they have realized an efficient mirror consisting of only 2000 atoms. [20] Physicists at MIT have now cooled a gas of potassium atoms to several nanokelvins—just a hair above absolute zero—and trapped the atoms within a two-dimensional sheet of an optical lattice created by crisscrossing lasers. Using a high-resolution microscope, the researchers took images of the cooled atoms residing in the lattice. [19]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[6] viXra:1806.0006 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-02 04:39:20

(PSIJ - Short Research Article - 19 pages - 29.07.2017) On a Plausible Triple Electro-gravito-informational Significance of the Fine Structure Constant (Physical Science International Journal, ISSN: 2348-0130,Vol.: 15, Issue.: 3)

Authors: Andrei Lucian Dragoi
Comments: 19 Pages.

In the last century, a small minority of physicists considered a hypothetical binary logarithmic connection between the large and the small constants of physics, which also implies a base-2 logarithm). This paper brings to attention a plausible triple electro-gravito-informational significance of the fine structure constant, with its implications in a plausible four fields unification pattern at Planck scales: this triple significance is based on the existence of a unifying global scaling factor of nature which appears in a hypothetical fine tuning of all the non-zero rest masses of the all the elementary particles in the Standard Model. Furthermore, this paper also proposes the dimensional relativity hypothesis (DRH) stating that the 3D appearance of space (or the 4D nature of spacetime) may be actually explained by the relative magnitude of the photon (angular) quantum momentum (and the hypothetical graviton quantum momentum respectively) and this global scaling factor (GSF): DRH also includes a generalized electrograviton model (EGM) for any hypothetical graviton. This paper also proposes a set of strong (and very strong) gravity constants and a gravitational field varying with the energy (and length) scale, all with potential importance in the unification of the four fundamental fields. Each of these hypotheses is a potential update for the Standard Model of particle physics. Keywords: Fine structure constant with triple electro-gravito-informational significance; unifying global scaling factor of nature; four fields unification; the standard model of particle physics; dimensional relativity hypothesis; electrograviton model. Short Research Article Drăgoi; PSIJ, 15(3): 1-19, 2017; Article no.PSIJ.34613 2 Physical Science International Journal, ISSN: 2348-0130,Vol.: 15, Issue.: 3 Short Research Article DOI: 10.9734/PSIJ/2017/34613 OFFICIAL LINKS OF THIS PUBLISHED (OPEN) PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLE: http://www.sciencedomain.org/abstract/20204 http://www.sciencedomain.org/metrics/20204 http://www.sciencedomain.org/review-history/20204 http://www.sciencedomain.org/post-comments/20204#disqus_thread http://www.sciencedomain.org/issue/2829 Crossref.org meta-data: https://search.crossref.org/?q=10.9734%2FPSIJ%2F2017%2F34613
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[5] viXra:1806.0005 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-01 05:58:33

On Finsler Geometry, MOND and Diffeomorphic Metrics to the Schwarzschild Solution

Authors: Carlos Castro
Comments: 18 Pages. Submitted to IJGMMP

We revisit the construction of diffeomorphic but $not$ isometric solutions to the Schwarzschild metric. The solutions relevant to Black Holes are those which require the introduction of non-trivial areal-radial functions that are characterized by the key property that the radial horizon's location is $displaced$ continuously towards the singularity ($ r = 0 $). In the limiting case scenario the location of the singularity and horizon $merges$ and any infalling observer hits a null singularity at the very moment he/she crosses the horizon. This fact may have important consequences for the resolution of the firewall problem and the complementarity controversy in black holes. Next we show how modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) can be obtained from solutions to Finsler gravity, and which in turn, can also be modeled by metrics which are diffeomorphic but not isometric to the Schwarzschild metric. The key point now is that one will have to dispense with the asymptotic flatness condition, by choosing an areal radial function which is $finite$ at $ r = \infty$. Consequently, changing the boundary condition at $ r = \infty$ leads to MONDian dynamics. We conclude with some discussions on the role of scale invariance and Born's Reciprocal Relativity Theory based on the existence of a maximal proper force.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[4] viXra:1806.0004 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-01 06:22:46

Squeeze for Quantum Computing

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 60 Pages.

A new theoretical model involves squeezing light to just the right amount to accurately transmit information using subatomic particles. [36] The standard approach to building a quantum computer with majoranas as building blocks is to convert them into qubits. However, a promising application of quantum computing—quantum chemistry—would require these qubits to be converted again into so-called fermions. [35] Scientists have shown how an optical chip can simulate the motion of atoms within molecules at the quantum level, which could lead to better ways of creating chemicals for use as pharmaceuticals. [34] Chinese scientists Xianmin Jin and his colleagues from Shanghai Jiao Tong University have successfully fabricated the largest-scaled quantum chip and demonstrated the first two-dimensional quantum walks of single photons in real spatial space, which may provide a powerful platform to boost analog quantum computing for quantum supremacy. [33] To address this technology gap, a team of engineers from the National University of Singapore (NUS) has developed an innovative microchip, named BATLESS, that can continue to operate even when the battery runs out of energy. [32] Stanford researchers have developed a water-based battery that could provide a cheap way to store wind or solar energy generated when the sun is shining and wind is blowing so it can be fed back into the electric grid and be redistributed when demand is high. [31] Researchers at AMOLF and the University of Texas have circumvented this problem with a vibrating glass ring that interacts with light. They thus created a microscale circulator that directionally routes light on an optical chip without using magnets. [30] Researchers have discovered three distinct variants of magnetic domain walls in the helimagnet iron germanium (FeGe). [29] Magnetic materials that form helical structures—coiled shapes comparable to a spiral staircase or the double helix strands of a DNA molecule—occasionally exhibit exotic behavior that could improve information processing in hard drives and other digital devices. [28]
Category: Quantum Physics

[3] viXra:1806.0003 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-01 07:28:24

Quantum Securing Blockchain

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 61 Pages.

Although blockchain is traditionally seen as secure, it is vulnerable to attack from quantum computers. [37] A new theoretical model involves squeezing light to just the right amount to accurately transmit information using subatomic particles. [36] The standard approach to building a quantum computer with majoranas as building blocks is to convert them into qubits. However, a promising application of quantum computing—quantum chemistry—would require these qubits to be converted again into so-called fermions. [35] Scientists have shown how an optical chip can simulate the motion of atoms within molecules at the quantum level, which could lead to better ways of creating chemicals for use as pharmaceuticals. [34] Chinese scientists Xianmin Jin and his colleagues from Shanghai Jiao Tong University have successfully fabricated the largest-scaled quantum chip and demonstrated the first two-dimensional quantum walks of single photons in real spatial space, which may provide a powerful platform to boost analog quantum computing for quantum supremacy. [33] To address this technology gap, a team of engineers from the National University of Singapore (NUS) has developed an innovative microchip, named BATLESS, that can continue to operate even when the battery runs out of energy. [32] Stanford researchers have developed a water-based battery that could provide a cheap way to store wind or solar energy generated when the sun is shining and wind is blowing so it can be fed back into the electric grid and be redistributed when demand is high. [31] Researchers at AMOLF and the University of Texas have circumvented this problem with a vibrating glass ring that interacts with light. They thus created a microscale circulator that directionally routes light on an optical chip without using magnets. [30] Researchers have discovered three distinct variants of magnetic domain walls in the helimagnet iron germanium (FeGe). [29]
Category: Quantum Physics

[2] viXra:1806.0002 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-01 07:55:41

X-Ray Watch Bacteria Attack Antibiotics

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 33 Pages.

Now an international team of researchers has found a new way to investigate how Tb bacteria inactivate an important family of antibiotics: They watched the process in action for the first time using an X-ray free-electron laser, or XFEL. [19] A protein complex called facilitates chromatin transcription (FACT) plays a role in DNA packing within a nucleus, as well as in oncogenesis. [18] An LMU team now reveals the inner workings of a molecular motor made of proteins which packs and unpacks DNA. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15] Scientists from Moscow State University (MSU) working with an international team of researchers have identified the structure of one of the key regions of telomerase—a so-called "cellular immortality" ribonucleoprotein. [14] Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University used a light-sensitive iridium-palladium catalyst to make "sequential" polymers, using visible light to change how building blocks are combined into polymer chains. [13] Researchers have fused living and non-living cells for the first time in a way that allows them to work together, paving the way for new applications. [12] UZH researchers have discovered a previously unknown way in which proteins interact with one another and cells organize themselves. [11] Dr Martin Sweatman from the University of Edinburgh's School of Engineering has discovered a simple physical principle that might explain how life started on Earth. [10] Nearly 75 years ago, Nobel Prize-winning physicist Erwin Schrödinger wondered if the mysterious world of quantum mechanics played a role in biology. A recent finding by Northwestern University's Prem Kumar adds further evidence that the answer might be yes. [9]
Category: Physics of Biology

[1] viXra:1806.0001 [pdf] submitted on 2018-06-01 09:18:02

Sensation in Sensing

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 57 Pages.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a technology classification that includes home appliances and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and actuators that connect and exchange data. One key IoT technology is optical fiber sensing. [36] In a pilot study, researchers from North Carolina State University and Haverford College have used naturally arising acoustic vibrations—or sound waves—to monitor the state of granular materials. [35] Scientists at the University of Alberta have applied a machine learning technique using artificial intelligence to perfect and automate atomic-scale manufacturing, something which has never been done before. [34] Chemist Dr. Lars Borchardt and his team at TU Dresden recently achieved a huge breakthrough in the synthesis of nanographenes. [33] Using graphene as a light-sensitive material for light detectors offers significant improvements with respect to materials being used nowadays. [32] The precision of measuring nanoscopic structures could be substantially improved, thanks to research involving the University of Warwick and QuantIC researchers at the University of Glasgow and Heriot Watt University into optical sensing. [31] Researchers at AMOLF and the University of Texas have circumvented this problem with a vibrating glass ring that interacts with light. They thus created a microscale circulator that directionally routes light on an optical chip without using magnets. [30] Researchers have discovered three distinct variants of magnetic domain walls in the helimagnet iron germanium (FeGe). [29] Magnetic materials that form helical structures—coiled shapes comparable to a spiral staircase or the double helix strands of a DNA molecule—occasionally exhibit exotic behavior that could improve information processing in hard drives and other digital devices. [28] In a new study, researchers have designed "invisible" magnetic sensors—sensors that are magnetically invisible so that they can still detect but do not distort the surrounding magnetic fields. [27]
Category: Condensed Matter