All Submission Categories

2001 Submissions

[592] viXra:2001.0704 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-31 23:49:06

The Invention of Motion Pictures - from Phenakistoscope to Hollywood

Authors: Rochelle Forrester
Comments: 5 Pages.

The invention of motion pictures was only possible due to the prior discovery of the phenomenon of persistence of vision, the prior invention of photography and the ability to produce photographs with very brief exposure times. These discoveries were necessary before motion pictures could be invented, and given how human beings like to be entertained, it was also inevitable, that sooner or later in some society open to new ideas and technology, that motion pictures would be made to meet the human need for entertainment. Once motion pictures had been invented, sound and then color were added to create the motion pictures we are familiar with today. The order of discovery was inevitable and is an example of how social and cultural history has to follow a particular course determined by the structure of the world around us.
Category: Social Science

[591] viXra:2001.0703 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-31 10:49:15

On the Study of a Fundamental Modular Equation for an Initial Theoretical Framework Concerning the Motivations of the Math Connections that Are Obtained Between Various Formulas of Ramanujan Maths and Different Parameters of Particle Physics/string Theory

Authors: Michele Nardelli, Antonio Nardelli
Comments: 37 Pages.

In this research thesis, we have analyzed a fundamental modular equation for an initial theoretical framework concerning the motivations of the mathematical connections that are obtained between various formulas of Ramanujan's mathematics and different parameters of Particle Physics and String Theory.
Category: Number Theory

[590] viXra:2001.0702 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-31 13:52:51

The Unlucky Connection Between the Number 13 and 173.0 GeV Measured Mass of the Top Quark

Authors: George R. Briggs
Comments: 1 Page.

Abstract: An important modification is found for the top quark mass based on the dimensionless constant 1.3 needed to find the accurate mass of the top quark
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[589] viXra:2001.0701 [pdf] replaced on 2020-04-12 01:16:03

Is Mond Dead?

Authors: Dmitri Martila
Comments: 7 Pages.

Discussed possibility to improve MOND.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[588] viXra:2001.0699 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-31 15:29:42

My Research Basic Questions (III)

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 8 Pages.

This paper summarizes the main questions in following: From Paper No. 98 "No Random Process Causes S. Group Creation (No Big Bang) To paper No. 55 Earth Axial Tilt Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292
Category: Astrophysics

[587] viXra:2001.0695 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-30 23:50:45

A Revisit to Macroscopic Collision Theory Owing to the Electromagnetic Radiation by Contacting Two Objects

Authors: Xia CAO
Comments: 15 Pages. This is a completely new discovery. Patents have been filed to protect the reported inventions.

Can you imagine that when you knock hard on a door with your hands, 1350 LED lights can be lit up, even the stripe lights will be driven?Science and technologies are all constantly being developed and improved in practice. Any scientific theory is not ultimate and absolutely precise so that no revision is needed. In this paper, we studied the traditional macroscopic collision theory based on the latest research findings: electromagnetic field is generated when two objects collide with each other. Three types of collision phenomena: elastic collision, inelastic collision, and ideal inelastic collision were investigated in detail. We found that electromagnetic field was produced during all three types of collisions, which means mechanical energy is converted into electromagnetic energy during any collision process of two objects. Under the same condition, the quantity of electric energy produced by elastic collision is greater than that of inelastic collision, and greater than that of ideal inelastic collision. Different from the change of mechanical energy into internal energy in the process of collision, the change of mechanical energy into electromagnetic energy in the process of collision will directly affect the law of conservation of momentum in the whole collision system. Thus, the collision theory of macroscopic objects needs slightly modified. The electric power generated in collision can not only be used for lighting, but also it can be used for positioning and tracking. This is completely new discoveries, which will provide new explanations and new ideas and will have a profound and an inestimable impact on some related scientific research fields, including physics and new energy.
Category: Classical Physics

[586] viXra:2001.0694 [pdf] replaced on 2020-04-25 02:35:37

Beal Conjecture Proved Finally

Authors: A. A. Frempong
Comments: 8 Pages. Copyright © by A. A. Frempong

The author proves directly the original Beal conjecture (and not the equivalent conjecture) that if A^x + B^y = C^z where A, B, C, x. y, z are positive integers and x, y, z > 2, then A, B, and C have a common prime factor. The principles applied in the proof are based on the properties of the factored Beal equation. The main principle for obtaining relationships between the prime factors on the left side of the equation and the prime factor on the right side of the equation is that the greatest common power of the prime factors on the left side of the equation is the same as a power of the prime factor on the right side of the equation. High school students can learn and prove this conjecture as a bonus question on a final class exam.
Category: Number Theory

[585] viXra:2001.0693 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-31 02:57:20

Control Infrared Light

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 85 Pages.

However, a team of researchers at MIT Lincoln Laboratory, together with Professor Juejun Hu and graduate students from MIT's Department of Materials Science and Engineering, is devising a way to control infrared light by using phase-change materials instead of moving parts. [50] A new method developed by Northwestern Engineering's Manijeh Razeghi has greatly reduced a type of image distortion caused by the presence of spectral cross-talk between dual-band long-wavelength photodetectors. [49] Plasmonic materials can uniquely control the electromagnetic spectrum due to nano-scale surface architecture. [48] A research group led by Yasuhiro Kuramitsu at Osaka University has revealed a magnetic reconnection driven by electron dynamics for the first time ever in laser-produced plasmas using the Gekko XII laser facility at the Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University. [47] By using this method for microscopic failure analysis, researchers and manufacturers could improve the reliability of the MEMS components that they are developing, ranging from miniature robots and drones to tiny forceps for eye surgery and sensors to detect trace amounts of toxic chemicals. [46] A KAIST team developed an optical technique to change the color (frequency) of light using a spatiotemporal boundary. [45] Researchers from the Structured Light group from the School of Physics at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa, have found a way to use the full beam of a laser single cells in a human body, tiny particles in small volume chemistry, or working on future on-chip devices. [44] This research work by the UEx, which has been published in Scientific Reports, explored the electromagnetic properties of specific materials that can make certain objects invisible when they are introduced into its interior. [43] A research team from ITMO University and the Australian National University has discovered that different metasurfaces exhibit the same behavior provided a symmetry breaking is introduced to their unit cells "meta-atoms."[42]
Category: Quantum Physics

[584] viXra:2001.0692 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-31 03:35:22

Space-Time in Stellar Cosmic Dance

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 79 Pages.

An international team of astrophysicists led by Australian Professor Matthew Bailes, from the ARC Centre of Excellence of Gravitational Wave Discovery (OzGrav), has shown exciting new evidence for 'frame-dragging'—how the spinning of a celestial body twists space and time—after tracking the orbit of an exotic stellar pair for almost two decades. [48] Intermediate-mass stars expire via thermonuclear explosions, rather than gravitational collapse, according to experiments and calculations done by an international team of astrophysicists led by Oliver Kirsebom at Dalhousie University in Canada. [47] Collisions between neutron stars are fascinating cosmic events that lead to the formation of numerous chemical elements. [46] Physicists from ITMO University have developed a model of an optical tractor beam to capture particles based on new artificial materials. [45] Researchers from the Structured Light group from the School of Physics at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa, have found a way to use the full beam of a laser single cells in a human body, tiny particles in small volume chemistry, or working on future on-chip devices. [44] This research work by the UEx, which has been published in Scientific Reports, explored the electromagnetic properties of specific materials that can make certain objects invisible when they are introduced into its interior. [43] A research team from ITMO University and the Australian National University has discovered that different metasurfaces exhibit the same behavior provided a symmetry breaking is introduced to their unit cells "meta-atoms."[42] Electron microscopy has allowed scientists to see individual atoms, but even at that resolution not everything is clear. [41] A half-century ago, the theorist Walter Henneberger wondered if it were possible to use a laser field to free an electron from its atom without removing it from the nucleus. [40] A new study by researchers at the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST) may explain this disparity. In the work, the OIST researchers measured electrical current across a two-dimensional plane. [39]
Category: Astrophysics

[583] viXra:2001.0691 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-31 04:40:01

Giant Bubbles of Fluid Mechanics

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 57 Pages.

A study inspired by street performers making gigantic soap bubbles led to a discovery in fluid mechanics: Mixing different molecular sizes of polymers within a solution increases the ability of a thin film to stretch without breaking. [39] Organic chemists at The Ohio State University have figured out how to synthesize the most common molecule arrangement in medicine, a scientific discovery that could change the way a number of drugs-including one most commonly used to treat ovarian cancer-are produced. [38] Determining the optimal binding energies for heterogeneous chemical reactions-usually meaning that the reactant is in the gas or liquid phase while the catalyst is a solid-is critical for many aspects of modern society, as we rely on such reactions for processes as diverse as the production of fertilizers and plastics. [37] Among the many techniques being investigated to generate clean energy, water splitting is a very promising one. [36] But now, Shigehisa Akine and colleagues from Kanazawa University have shown that the reversed order is also possible: first, the host undergoes a chemical reaction, after which it recognizes and forms a complex with the guest ion. [35] In batteries, fuel cells or technical coatings, central chemical processes take place on the surface of electrodes which are in contact with liquids. During these processes, atoms move over the surface, but how this exactly happens has hardly been researched. [34] A team of scientists from across the U.S. has found a new way to create molecular interconnections that can give a certain class of materials exciting new properties, including improving their ability to catalyze chemical reactions or harvest energy from light. [33] A team of scientists including Carnegie's Tim Strobel and Venkata Bhadram now report unexpected quantum behavior of hydrogen molecules, H2, trapped within tiny cages made of organic molecules, demonstrating that the structure of the cage influences the behavior of the molecule imprisoned inside it. [32] A potential revolution in device engineering could be underway, thanks to the discovery of functional electronic interfaces in quantum materials that can self-assemble spontaneously. [31]
Category: Condensed Matter

[582] viXra:2001.0690 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-31 05:00:37

Naturally Numbers Are Three Plus One Dimensional Final Version 31.01.2020

Authors: Surajit Ghosh
Comments: 56 Pages.

Riemann hypothesis stands proved in three different ways.To prove Riemann hypothesis from the functional equation concept of Delta function is introduced similar to Gamma and Pi function. Other two proofs are derived using Eulers formula and elementary algebra. Analytically continuing gamma and zeta function to an extended domain, poles and zeros of zeta values are redefined. Hodge conjecture, BSD conjecture are also proved using zeta values. Other prime conjectures like Goldbach conjecture, Twin prime conjecture etc.. are also proved in the light of new understanding of primes. Numbers are proved to be multidimensional as worked out by Hamilton. Logarithm of negative and complex numbers are redefined using extended number system. Factorial of negative and complex numbers are redefined using values of Delta function.
Category: Number Theory

[581] viXra:2001.0689 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-31 05:05:16

Nuclear Treaty Verification

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 36 Pages.

Research published this week in AIP Advances used computational simulations to show that with the right geometric adjustments, it is possible to perform accurate neutron resonance transmission analysis in a device just 5 meters long. [27] Argonne scientists look to 3-D printing to ease separation anxiety, which paves the way to recycle more nuclear material. [26] Recently, scientists suggested switching from electron to nuclear transitions that may considerably increase the precision of clocks due to higher frequency. [25] Now, physicists are working toward getting their first CT scans of the inner workings of the nucleus. [24] The process of the sticking together of quarks, called hadronisation, is still poorly understood. [23] In experimental campaigns using the OMEGA EP laser at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics (LLE) at the University of Rochester, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), University of California San Diego (UCSD) and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) researchers took radiographs of the shock front, similar to the X-ray radiology in hospitals with protons instead of X-rays. [22] Researchers generate proton beams using a combination of nanoparticles and laser light. [21] Devices based on light, rather than electrons, could revolutionize the speed and security of our future computers. However, one of the major challenges in today's physics is the design of photonic devices, able to transport and switch light through circuits in a stable way. [20] Researchers characterize the rotational jiggling of an optically levitated nanoparticle, showing how this motion could be cooled to its quantum ground state. [19] Researchers have created quantum states of light whose noise level has been "squeezed" to a record low. [18] An elliptical light beam in a nonlinear optical medium pumped by "twisted light" can rotate like an electron around a magnetic field. [17] Physicists from Trinity College Dublin's School of Physics and the CRANN Institute, Trinity College, have discovered a new form of light, which will impact our understanding of the fundamental nature of light. [16]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[580] viXra:2001.0688 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-31 05:38:37

Hybrid Thorium Reactor

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 37 Pages.

Russian scientists have proposed a concept of a thorium hybrid reactor in that obtains additional neutrons using high-temperature plasma held in a long magnetic trap. [28] Research published this week in AIP Advances used computational simulations to show that with the right geometric adjustments, it is possible to perform accurate neutron resonance transmission analysis in a device just 5 meters long. [27] Argonne scientists look to 3-D printing to ease separation anxiety, which paves the way to recycle more nuclear material. [26] Recently, scientists suggested switching from electron to nuclear transitions that may considerably increase the precision of clocks due to higher frequency. [25] Now, physicists are working toward getting their first CT scans of the inner workings of the nucleus. [24] The process of the sticking together of quarks, called hadronisation, is still poorly understood. [23] In experimental campaigns using the OMEGA EP laser at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics (LLE) at the University of Rochester, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), University of California San Diego (UCSD) and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) researchers took radiographs of the shock front, similar to the X-ray radiology in hospitals with protons instead of X-rays. [22] Researchers generate proton beams using a combination of nanoparticles and laser light. [21] Devices based on light, rather than electrons, could revolutionize the speed and security of our future computers. However, one of the major challenges in today's physics is the design of photonic devices, able to transport and switch light through circuits in a stable way. [20] Researchers characterize the rotational jiggling of an optically levitated nanoparticle, showing how this motion could be cooled to its quantum ground state. [19] Researchers have created quantum states of light whose noise level has been "squeezed" to a record low. [18] An elliptical light beam in a nonlinear optical medium pumped by "twisted light" can rotate like an electron around a magnetic field. [17]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[579] viXra:2001.0687 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-31 07:34:56

Nanoparticle in the Quantum Regime

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 41 Pages.

Researchers in Austria have used lasers to levitate and cool a glass nanoparticle into the quantum regime. [25] With this control, researchers can integrate topology information into the photons, which can then be used as messengers for carrying quantum information. [24] Two teams of scientists from the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology have collaborated to conduct groundbreaking research leading to the development of a new and innovative scientific field: Quantum Metamaterials. [23] An international team consisting of Russian and German scientists has made a breakthrough in the creation of seemingly impossible materials. They have created the world's first quantum metamaterial that can be used as a control element in superconducting electrical circuits. [22] ETH physicists have developed a silicon wafer that behaves like a topological insulator when stimulated using ultrasound. They have thereby succeeded in turning an abstract theoretical concept into a macroscopic product. [21] Cheng Chin, professor in the Department of Physics, and his team looked at an experimental setup of tens of thousands of atoms cooled down to near absolute zero. As the system crossed a quantum phase transition, they measured its behavior with an extremely sensitive imaging system. [20] Scientists from three UK universities are to test one of the fundamental laws of physics as part of a major Europe-wide project awarded more than £3m in funding. ]19] A team of researchers has devised a simple way to tune a hallmark quantum effect in graphene-the material formed from a single layer of carbon atoms-by bathing it in light. [18] Researchers from the University of Cambridge have taken a peek into the secretive domain of quantum mechanics. [17] Scientists at the University of Geneva (UNIGE), Switzerland, recently reengineered their data processing, demonstrating that 16 million atoms were entangled in a one-centimetre crystal. [15]
Category: Quantum Physics

[578] viXra:2001.0686 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-31 08:04:39

Regenerative Biology Restore Mucus

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 44 Pages.

Mucus is a protective, slimy secretion produced by goblet cells and which lines organs of the respiratory, digestive, and reproductive systems. [27] Scientists from EPFL's Institute of Bioengineering have discovered that the circadian clock and the cell-cycle are, in fact, synchronized. [26] Researchers at the University of Illinois at Chicago have identified a molecular switch that causes immune cells called macrophages to clean up cellular debris caused by infections instead of contributing to inflammation and tissue injury. [25]
Category: Physics of Biology

[577] viXra:2001.0685 [pdf] replaced on 2020-02-07 04:47:32

The Mass, Radius, and Magnetic Moment of Electrons and Protons

Authors: Jean Louis Van Belle
Comments: No. of pages includes title page and 11 pages of annexes.

The electron-proton scattering experiment by the PRad (proton radius) team at Jefferson Lab measured the root mean square (rms) charge radius of the proton as rp = 0.831 ± 0.007(stat) ± 0.012(syst) fm. We offer a theoretical explanation of the new measurement based on a ring current model of a proton. This model further builds on older ring current and/or Zitterbewegung models for an electron and, hence, we will also highlight those results when relevant. We obtain a theoretical radius that is equal to four times the range parameter (ħ/mc) in Yukawa’s formula: r = 4ħ/mc = 0.841 fm. The 1/4 factor stems from the energy equipartition theorem: using Wheeler’s ‘mass without mass’ idea, we effectively assume half of the energy of a proton is explained by the electromagnetic, while the other half is attributed to the strong force, which we do not model but isolate from the analysis using the energy equipartition theorem. As for the small difference between the theoretical and measured radius, we attribute this to the mathematical idealizations that underpin ring current models. While useful and necessary as a concept, we think pointlike electric charges with zero rest mass and/or zero dimension that, therefore, move at light-speed, do not exist: they must have some (very) small dimension which explains the anomaly. We think mathematical idealization also explains the anomalous magnetic moment of an electron. We think the calculations may offer a model of matter-particles in general.
Category: Quantum Physics

[576] viXra:2001.0684 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-31 09:20:07

Democratic Elections Using Physics

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 56 Pages.

Sometimes, physics theories and constructs can also be used to study seemingly unrelated phenomena, such as social behaviors or dynamics. [37] But now, researchers from the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST) and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam have developed a way to parse this dynamic behavior into digestible chunks. [36] A team of researchers at the Laboratory for fundamental BioPhotonics (LBP) within EPFL's School of Engineering (STI) has come up with a way to monitor changes in membrane potential and to observe ion fluxes by studying the behavior of the water HYPERLINK "https://phys.org/tags/molecules/" molecules surrounding the membranes of the HYPERLINK "https://phys.org/tags/neurons/" neurons. [35]
Category: Social Science

[575] viXra:2001.0683 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-31 09:29:51

Qubit, Quantum Entanglement and all that: Quantum Computing Made Simple

Authors: Zion Elani
Comments: 20 Pages.

Quantum computing, a fancy word resting on equally fancy fundamentals in quantum mechanics, has become a media hype, a mainstream topic in popular culture and an eye candy for high-tech company researchers and investors alike. Quantum computing has the power to provide faster, more efficient, secure and accurate computing solutions for emerging future innovations. Governments the world over, in collaboration with high-tech companies, pour in billions of dollars for the advancement of computing solutions quantum-based and for the development of fully functioning quantum computers that may one day aid in or even replace classical computers. Despite much hype and publicity, most people do not understand what quantum computing is, nor do they comprehend the significance of the developments required in this field, and the impact it may have on the future. Through this lecture notes, we embark on a pedagogic journey of understanding quantum computing, gradually revealing the concepts that form its basis, later diving in a vast pool of future possibilities that lie ahead, concluding with understanding and acknowledging some major hindrance and speed breaking bumpers in their path.
Category: Quantum Physics

[574] viXra:2001.0682 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-31 09:42:57

Strangeness and the Primordial Universe

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 80 Pages.

Physicists believe that in the Universe's first ten microseconds free quarks and gluons filled all of spacetime, forming a new phase of matter named 'quark-gluon plasma' (QGP). [49] An international team of astrophysicists led by Australian Professor Matthew Bailes, from the ARC Centre of Excellence of Gravitational Wave Discovery (OzGrav), has shown exciting new evidence for 'frame-dragging'-how the spinning of a celestial body twists space and time-after tracking the orbit of an exotic stellar pair for almost two decades. [48] Intermediate-mass stars expire via thermonuclear explosions, rather than gravitational collapse, according to experiments and calculations done by an international team of astrophysicists led by Oliver Kirsebom at Dalhousie University in Canada. [47] Collisions between neutron stars are fascinating cosmic events that lead to the formation of numerous chemical elements. [46] Physicists from ITMO University have developed a model of an optical tractor beam to capture particles based on new artificial materials. [45] Researchers from the Structured Light group from the School of Physics at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa, have found a way to use the full beam of a laser single cells in a human body, tiny particles in small volume chemistry, or working on future on-chip devices. [44] This research work by the UEx, which has been published in Scientific Reports, explored the electromagnetic properties of specific materials that can make certain objects invisible when they are introduced into its interior. [43] A research team from ITMO University and the Australian National University has discovered that different metasurfaces exhibit the same behavior provided a symmetry breaking is introduced to their unit cells "meta-atoms."[42] Electron microscopy has allowed scientists to see individual atoms, but even at that resolution not everything is clear. [41] A half-century ago, the theorist Walter Henneberger wondered if it were possible to use a laser field to free an electron from its atom without removing it from the nucleus. [40]
Category: Astrophysics

[573] viXra:2001.0681 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-31 09:57:36

Hawking Radiation of Black Hole

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 52 Pages.

A RUDN University physicist has developed a formula for calculating Hawking radiation on the event horizon of a black hole, which allows physicists to determine how this radiation would be changed with quantum corrections to Einstein's theory of gravity. [33] Researchers at Weizmann Institute of Science and Cinvestav recently carried out a study testing the theory of Hawking radiation on laboratory analogues of black holes. [32]
Category: Astrophysics

[572] viXra:2001.0680 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-30 10:40:42

Combine X-rays Laser Light to Image

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 27 Pages.

"We developed a new imaging method to better understand the transition from liquid to gas that occurs before fuel combustion," said research team leader Edouard Berrocal from the Division of Combustion Physics, Department of Physics at Lund University in Sweden. [16] Studying the fleeting actions of electrons in organic materials will now be much easier, thanks to a new method for generating fast X-rays. [15] In a laboratory at the University of Rochester, researchers are using lasers to change the surface of metals in incredible ways, such as making them super water-repellent without the use of special coatings, paints, or solvents. [14] The interaction of high-power laser light sources with matter has given rise to numerous applications including; fast ion acceleration; intense X-ray, gamma-ray, positron and neutron generation; and fast-ignition-based laser fusion. [13]
Category: Quantum Physics

[571] viXra:2001.0679 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-30 11:03:23

Coupled Quantum Dots Information Store

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 37 Pages.

Researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and their colleagues have for the first time created and imaged a novel pair of quantum dots-tiny islands of confined electric charge that act like interacting artificial atoms. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25]
Category: Quantum Physics

[570] viXra:2001.0678 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-30 11:31:16

CAR T Treatments to Cancer

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 44 Pages.

New cancer immunotherapies involve extracting a patient's T cells and genetically engineering them so they will recognize and attack tumors. [30] University of Wisconsin-Madison researchers have developed nanoparticles that, in the lab, can activate immune responses to cancer cells. [29] Small magnetic objects, which have been used successfully in technological applications such as data storage, are showing promise in the biomedical field. [28] Imaging at the scale of a single molecule has gained much recent research interest in diverse fields of molecular biology, physics and nanotechnology. [27] Physicists have developed a technique based on optical microscopy that can be used to create images of atoms on the nanoscale. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24] In a joint research project, scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI), the Technische Universität Berlin (TU) and the University of Rostock have managed for the first time to image free nanoparticles in a laboratory experiment using a highintensity laser source. [23] For the first time, researchers have built a nanolaser that uses only a single molecular layer, placed on a thin silicon beam, which operates at room temperature. [22] A team of engineers at Caltech has discovered how to use computer-chip manufacturing technologies to create the kind of reflective materials that make safety vests, running shoes, and road signs appear shiny in the dark. [21] In the September 23th issue of the Physical Review Letters, Prof. Julien Laurat and his team at Pierre and Marie Curie University in Paris (Laboratoire Kastler Brossel-LKB) report that they have realized an efficient mirror consisting of only 2000 atoms. [20] Physicists at MIT have now cooled a gas of potassium atoms to several nanokelvins-just a hair above absolute zero-and trapped the atoms within a two-dimensional sheet of an optical lattice created by crisscrossing lasers. Using a high-resolution microscope, the researchers took images of the cooled atoms residing in the lattice. [19]
Category: Physics of Biology

[569] viXra:2001.0677 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-30 11:37:10

On Some Ramanujan’s Expressions (Hardy-Ramanujan Number and Mock Theta Functions) Applied to Various Parameters of Particle Physics and Black Hole Physics: Further Possible Mathematical Connections. II

Authors: Michele Nardelli, Antonio Nardelli
Comments: 60 Pages.

In this research thesis, we have analyzed and deepened further Ramanujan expressions (Hardy-Ramanujan number and mock theta functions) applied to various parameters of Particle Physics and Black Hole Physics. We have therefore described further possible mathematical connections.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[568] viXra:2001.0676 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-30 11:49:04

Biology on a Micro-Scale

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 44 Pages.

The researchers hope that further research will help illuminate the physics of the very small-and perhaps provide insight into the dynamic movements occurring within our very cells. [30] University of Wisconsin-Madison researchers have developed nanoparticles that, in the lab, can activate immune responses to cancer cells. [29] Small magnetic objects, which have been used successfully in technological applications such as data storage, are showing promise in the biomedical field. [28] Imaging at the scale of a single molecule has gained much recent research interest in diverse fields of molecular biology, physics and nanotechnology. [27] Physicists have developed a technique based on optical microscopy that can be used to create images of atoms on the nanoscale. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24] In a joint research project, scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI), the Technische Universität Berlin (TU) and the University of Rostock have managed for the first time to image free nanoparticles in a laboratory experiment using a highintensity laser source. [23] For the first time, researchers have built a nanolaser that uses only a single molecular layer, placed on a thin silicon beam, which operates at room temperature. [22] A team of engineers at Caltech has discovered how to use computer-chip manufacturing technologies to create the kind of reflective materials that make safety vests, running shoes, and road signs appear shiny in the dark. [21] In the September 23th issue of the Physical Review Letters, Prof. Julien Laurat and his team at Pierre and Marie Curie University in Paris (Laboratoire Kastler Brossel-LKB) report that they have realized an efficient mirror consisting of only 2000 atoms. [20] Physicists at MIT have now cooled a gas of potassium atoms to several nanokelvins-just a hair above absolute zero-and trapped the atoms within a two-dimensional sheet of an optical lattice created by crisscrossing lasers. Using a high-resolution microscope, the researchers took images of the cooled atoms residing in the lattice. [19]
Category: Physics of Biology

[567] viXra:2001.0675 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-30 12:05:30

Graphene Won't Crack Under Pressure

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 77 Pages.

Now, research from University of Toronto Engineering shows that graphene is also highly resistant to fatigue-able to withstand more than a billion cycles of high stress before it breaks. [48] "The junctions were reproducible over several devices and operated from 20 Kelvin up to room temperature. Our approach represents a simple but powerful strategy for the future integration of molecule-based functions into stable and controllable nanoelectronic devices." [47] The team has turned graphene oxide (GO) into a soft, moldable and kneadable play dough that can be shaped and reshaped into free-standing, three-dimensional structures. [46] A team of researchers based at The University of Manchester have found a low cost method for producing graphene printed electronics, which significantly speeds up and reduces the cost of conductive graphene inks. [45] Graphene-based computer components that can deal in terahertz "could be used, not in a normal Macintosh or PC, but perhaps in very advanced computers with high processing rates," Ozaki says. This 2-D material could also be used to make extremely high-speed nanodevices, he adds. [44] Printed electronics use standard printing techniques to manufacture electronic devices on different substrates like glass, plastic films, and paper. [43] A tiny laser comprising an array of nanoscale semiconductor cylinders (see image) has been made by an all-A*STAR team. [42] A new instrument lets researchers use multiple laser beams and a microscope to trap and move cells and then analyze them in real-time with a sensitive analysis technique known as Raman spectroscopy. [41]
Category: Condensed Matter

[566] viXra:2001.0674 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-30 14:58:05

My Research Basic Questions (II)

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 6 Pages.

We continue to summarize the main questions in my papers The current paper deals with the papers questions starting from Paper No. 138 (Matter Creation Principle (Part V) to paper No. 99 (How the solar group is created?) (Discussion No.1) Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292
Category: Astrophysics

[565] viXra:2001.0673 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-30 16:34:24

Kaluza in Four Dimensions (with Complex Time)

Authors: Carlton Frederick
Comments: Pages.

A number of researchers have employed complex time. If time is complex, it is reasonable to allow the time components of the metric tensor to also be complex. The four imaginary quantities in the metric tensor can be shown to be consistent with the values of the magnetic vector potential. The (four-dimensional complex) line element is then shown to be functionally identical to the Kaluza 5-dimentional line element. The four dimensional (complex) metric therefore inherits the results Kaluza obtained when he included the magnetic vector potential in a ve dimensional metric.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[564] viXra:2001.0666 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-30 01:34:08

Quantum Logic Spectroscopy

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 63 Pages.

Scientists from the PTB and the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics (MPIK), both Germany, have carried out pioneering optical measurements of highly charged ions with unprecedented precision. [41] Scientists from Argonne National Laboratory and the University of Chicago launched a new testbed for quantum communication experiments from Argonne last week. [40] Physicists at The City College of New York have used atomically thin two-dimensional materials to realize an array of quantum emitters operating at room temperature that can be integrated into next generation quantum communication systems. [39] Research in the quantum optics lab of Prof. Barak Dayan in the Weizmann Institute of Science may be bringing the development of such computers one step closer by providing the "quantum gates" that are required for communication within and between such quantum computers. [38] Calculations of a quantum system's behavior can spiral out of control when they involve more than a handful of particles. [37] Researchers from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill have reached a new milestone on the way to optical computing, or the use of light instead of electricity for computing. [36] The key technical novelty of this work is the creation of semantic embeddings out of structured event data. [35] The researchers have focussed on a complex quantum property known as entanglement, which is a vital ingredient in the quest to protect sensitive data. [34] Cryptography is a science of data encryption providing its confidentiality and integrity. [33] Researchers at the University of Sheffield have solved a key puzzle in quantum physics that could help to make data transfer totally secure. [32]
Category: Quantum Physics

[563] viXra:2001.0665 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-30 01:57:20

Ultrafast Quantum Microscope

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 64 Pages.

Research in Stuttgart, have developed a microscope for the extremely fast processes that take place on the quantum scale. [42] Scientists from the PTB and the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics (MPIK), both Germany, have carried out pioneering optical measurements of highly charged ions with unprecedented precision. [41] Scientists from Argonne National Laboratory and the University of Chicago launched a new testbed for quantum communication experiments from Argonne last week. [40] Physicists at The City College of New York have used atomically thin two-dimensional materials to realize an array of quantum emitters operating at room temperature that can be integrated into next generation quantum communication systems. [39] Research in the quantum optics lab of Prof. Barak Dayan in the Weizmann Institute of Science may be bringing the development of such computers one step closer by providing the "quantum gates" that are required for communication within and between such quantum computers. [38] Calculations of a quantum system's behavior can spiral out of control when they involve more than a handful of particles. [37] Researchers from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill have reached a new milestone on the way to optical computing, or the use of light instead of electricity for computing. [36] The key technical novelty of this work is the creation of semantic embeddings out of structured event data. [35] The researchers have focussed on a complex quantum property known as entanglement, which is a vital ingredient in the quest to protect sensitive data. [34] Cryptography is a science of data encryption providing its confidentiality and integrity. [33]
Category: Quantum Physics

[562] viXra:2001.0664 [pdf] replaced on 2020-03-16 13:46:37

"The Third Horseman of the Apocalypse" (Energy, Market, Ecology and the Challenge of Civilization-(5)). Final Edition

Authors: V. A. Kasimov.
Comments: 22 Pages. in Russian, in English

In the metaphorical version of the "horsemen of the Apocalypse" by UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres [8] as an image of "measure" in the hand of the third rider, we see a measure of chaos (disorder) - entropy. Final edition.
Category: Physics of Biology

[561] viXra:2001.0663 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-30 04:54:05

Simulating Complex Traffic Intersection Dynamics using an Agent-Based Modelling Framework on the NetLogo Platform

Authors: Rahul Joseph Fernandez
Comments: 10 Pages.

This paper proposes a simple agent-based model for traffic intersection dynamics in urban Bangalore, India. Traffic flow dynamics have been studied through the employment of several toolkits such as fluid and nonlinear dynamics, network theory, computer and information science etc. However, the study of phenomena such as congestion necessitates the recognition that each of the agents involved are heterogenous and that collectively their individual behaviours lead to systemic outcomes at the macro level. Agent-Based Models (ABMs) are particularly well equipped to handle inquiries into problems of this nature. Although the model proposed here is specific to a certain intersection, it can be extrapolated to similar settings fairly easily. The presence of jaywalkers in the model is shown to have an adverse effect on the number of vehicles waiting at the intersection.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[560] viXra:2001.0662 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-30 05:15:40

Golden Touch Quantum Technology

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 66 Pages.

Scientists at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory discovered a new platform for quantum technologies by suspending two-dimensional (2-D) crystals over pores in a slab of gold. [43] Manish Garg and Klaus Kern, researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research in Stuttgart, have developed a microscope for the extremely fast processes that take place on the quantum scale. [42] Scientists from the PTB and the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics (MPIK), both Germany, have carried out pioneering optical measurements of highly charged ions with unprecedented precision. [41] Scientists from Argonne National Laboratory and the University of Chicago launched a new testbed for quantum communication experiments from Argonne last week. [40] Physicists at The City College of New York have used atomically thin two-dimensional materials to realize an array of quantum emitters operating at room temperature that can be integrated into next generation quantum communication systems. [39] Research in the quantum optics lab of Prof. Barak Dayan in the Weizmann Institute of Science may be bringing the development of such computers one step closer by providing the "quantum gates" that are required for communication within and between such quantum computers. [38] Calculations of a quantum system's behavior can spiral out of control when they involve more than a handful of particles. [37] Researchers from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill have reached a new milestone on the way to optical computing, or the use of light instead of electricity for computing. [36] The key technical novelty of this work is the creation of semantic embeddings out of structured event data. [35] The researchers have focussed on a complex quantum property known as entanglement, which is a vital ingredient in the quest to protect sensitive data. [34]
Category: Quantum Physics

[559] viXra:2001.0661 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-30 05:40:13

Nanoparticles Response to Cancer

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 42 Pages.

University of Wisconsin-Madison researchers have developed nanoparticles that, in the lab, can activate immune responses to cancer cells. [29] Small magnetic objects, which have been used successfully in technological applications such as data storage, are showing promise in the biomedical field. [28] Imaging at the scale of a single molecule has gained much recent research interest in diverse fields of molecular biology, physics and nanotechnology. [27]
Category: Physics of Biology

[558] viXra:2001.0660 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-30 06:42:09

Accurate Sensor Producing Chips

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 64 Pages.

Electrical engineer Stefanos Andreou built a sensor with an extraordinary accuracy of less than the size of an atom. [42] Scientists from the PTB and the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics (MPIK), both Germany, have carried out pioneering optical measurements of highly charged ions with unprecedented precision. [41] Scientists from Argonne National Laboratory and the University of Chicago launched a new testbed for quantum communication experiments from Argonne last week. [40] Physicists at The City College of New York have used atomically thin two-dimensional materials to realize an array of quantum emitters operating at room temperature that can be integrated into next generation quantum communication systems. [39] Research in the quantum optics lab of Prof. Barak Dayan in the Weizmann Institute of Science may be bringing the development of such computers one step closer by providing the "quantum gates" that are required for communication within and between such quantum computers. [38] Calculations of a quantum system's behavior can spiral out of control when they involve more than a handful of particles. [37] Researchers from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill have reached a new milestone on the way to optical computing, or the use of light instead of electricity for computing. [36] The key technical novelty of this work is the creation of semantic embeddings out of structured event data. [35] The researchers have focussed on a complex quantum property known as entanglement, which is a vital ingredient in the quest to protect sensitive data. [34] Cryptography is a science of data encryption providing its confidentiality and integrity. [33] Researchers at the University of Sheffield have solved a key puzzle in quantum physics that could help to make data transfer totally secure. [32]
Category: Quantum Physics

[557] viXra:2001.0656 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-29 10:40:43

Measuring Particle's Spin

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 22 Pages.

A team of researchers at the University of Melbourne has succeeded in measuring a single quantum spin in a rapidly rotating object for the first time. [22] When a massive astrophysical object, such as a boson star or black hole, rotates, it can cause the surrounding spacetime to rotate along with it due to the effect of frame dragging. [21] Rotating black holes and computers that use quantum-mechanical phenomena to process information are topics that have fascinated science lovers for decades, but even the most innovative thinkers rarely put them together. [20] If someone were to venture into one of these relatively benign black holes, they could survive, but their past would be obliterated and they could have an infinite number of possible futures. [19] The group explains their theory in a paper published in the journal Physical Review Letters-it involves the idea of primordial black holes (PBHs) infesting the centers of neutron stars and eating them from the inside out. [18] But for rotating black holes, there's a region outside the event horizon where strange and extraordinary things can happen, and these extraordinary possibilities are the focus of a new paper in the American Physical Society journal Physical Review Letters. [17] Astronomers have constructed the first map of the universe based on the positions of supermassive black holes, which reveals the large-scale structure of the universe. [16] Astronomers want to record an image of the heart of our galaxy for the first time: a global collaboration of radio dishes is to take a detailed look at the black hole which is assumed to be located there. [15] A team of researchers from around the world is getting ready to create what might be the first image of a black hole. [14] "There seems to be a mysterious link between the amount of dark matter a galaxy holds and the size of its central black hole, even though the two operate on vastly different scales," said Akos Bogdan of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA). [13] If dark matter comes in both matter and antimatter varieties, it might accumulate inside dense stars to create black holes. [12] For a long time, there were two main theories related to how our universe would end. These were the Big Freeze and the Big Crunch. In short, the Big Crunch claimed that the universe would eventually stop expanding and collapse in on itself. This collapse would result in…well…a big crunch (for lack of a better term). Think "the Big Bang", except just the opposite. That's essentially what the Big Crunch is. On the other hand, the Big Freeze claimed that the universe would continue expanding forever, until the cosmos becomes a frozen wasteland. This theory asserts that stars will get farther and farther apart, burn out, and (since there are no more stars bring born) the universe will grown entirely cold and eternally black. [11] Newly published research reveals that dark matter is being swallowed up by dark energy, offering novel insight into the nature of dark matter and dark energy and what the future of our Universe might be. [10] The gravitational force attracting the matter, causing concentration of the matter in a small space and leaving much space with low matter concentration: dark matter and energy. There is an asymmetry between the mass of the electric charges, for example proton and electron, can understood by the asymmetrical Planck Distribution Law. This temperature dependent energy distribution is asymmetric around the maximum intensity, where the annihilation of matter and antimatter is a high probability event. The asymmetric sides are creating different frequencies of electromagnetic radiations being in the same intensity level and compensating each other. One of these compensating ratios is the electron-proton mass ratio. The lower energy side has no compensating intensity level, it is the dark energy and the corresponding matter is the dark matter.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[556] viXra:2001.0655 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-29 10:52:47

On the Number of Monic Admissible Polynomials in the Ring $\mathbb{z}[x]$

Authors: Theophilus Agama
Comments: 7 Pages.

In this paper we study admissible polynomials. We establish an estimate for the number of admissible polynomials of degree $n$ with coeffients $a_i$ satisfying $0\leq a_i\leq H$ for a fixed $H$, for $i=0,1,2, \ldots, n-1$. In particular, letting $\mathcal{N}(H)$ denotes the number of monic admissible polynomials of degree $n\geq 3$ with coefficients satisfying the inequality $0\leq a_i\leq H$, we show that \begin{align}\frac{H^{n-1}}{(n-1)!}+O(H^{n-2})\leq \mathcal{N}(H) \leq \frac{n^{n-1}H^{n-1}}{(n-1)!}+O(H^{n-2}).\nonumber \end{align} Also letting $\mathcal{A}(H)$ denotes the number of monic irreducible admissible polynomials, with coefficients satisfying the same condition , we show that \begin{align}\mathcal{A}(H)\geq \frac{H^{n-1}}{(n-1)!}+O\bigg( H^{n-4/3}(\log H)^{2/3}\bigg).\nonumber \end{align}
Category: Number Theory

[555] viXra:2001.0654 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-29 10:55:43

The Prime Index Function

Authors: Theophilus Agama
Comments: 7 Pages.

In this paper we introduce the prime index function \begin{align}\iota(n)=(-1)^{\pi(n)},\nonumber \end{align} where $\pi(n)$ is the prime counting function. We study some elementary properties and theories associated with the partial sums of this function given by\begin{align}\xi(x):=\sum \limits_{n\leq x}\iota(n).\nonumber \end{align}
Category: Number Theory

[554] viXra:2001.0653 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-29 10:58:38

Complete Sets

Authors: Theophilus Agama
Comments: 6 Pages.

In this paper we introduce the concept of completeness of sets. We study this property on the set of integers. We examine how this property is preserved as we carry out various operations compatible with sets. We also introduce the problem of counting the number of complete subsets of any given set. That is, given any interval of integers $\mathcal{H}:=[1,N]$ and letting $\mathcal{C}(N)$ denotes the complete set counting function, we establish the lower bound $\mathcal{C}(N)\gg N\log N$.
Category: Number Theory

[553] viXra:2001.0652 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-29 11:19:46

Magnetic Enhance Medical Science

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 41 Pages.

Small magnetic objects, which have been used successfully in technological applications such as data storage, are showing promise in the biomedical field. [28] Imaging at the scale of a single molecule has gained much recent research interest in diverse fields of molecular biology, physics and nanotechnology. [27]
Category: Physics of Biology

[552] viXra:2001.0650 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-29 12:50:56

An Example of The Use of The Least-Squares Method

Authors: Abdelmajid Ben Hadj Salem
Comments: 9 Pages. In French.

In this paper, we present an example of the use of the least-squares method in topographic and surveying works.
Category: Statistics

[551] viXra:2001.0647 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-29 14:27:06

Characterizations of Pre-R0 and Pre-R1 Topological Spaces

Authors: Miguel Caldas, Saeid Jafari, Takashi Noiri
Comments: 12 Pages.

In this paper we introduce two new classes of topological spaces called pre-R0 and pre-R1 spaces in terms of the concept of preopen sets and investigate some of their fundamental properties.
Category: Topology

[550] viXra:2001.0645 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-29 14:31:23

More on Almost Contra $\lambda$-Continuous Functions

Authors: C. W. Baker, M. Caldas, Saeid Jafari, S. P. Moshokoa
Comments: 14 Pages.

In 1996, Dontchev [14] introduced and investigated a new notion of non-continuity called contra-continuity. Recently, Baker et al. [6] of- fered a new generalization of contra-continuous functions via $\lambda$-closed sets, called almost contra $\lambda$-continuous functions. It is the objective of this paper to further study some more properties of such functions.
Category: Topology

[549] viXra:2001.0644 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-29 14:34:55

On Some Applications of B-Open Sets in Topological Spaces

Authors: M. Caldas, Saeid Jafari
Comments: 10 Pages.

The purpose of this paper is to introduce some new classes of topological spaces by utilizing b-open sets and study some of their fundamental properties
Category: Topology

[548] viXra:2001.0643 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-29 14:43:00

Strongly S-Closed Spaces and Firmly Contra-Continuous Functions

Authors: C. W. Baker, M. Caldas, Saeid Jafari
Comments: 9 Pages.

In the present paper, we offer a new form of firm continuity, called firm contra-continuity, by which we characterize strongly S-closed spaces. Moreover, we investigate the basic properties of firmly contra-continuous functions. We also introduce and investigate the notion of locally contra-closed graphs.
Category: Topology

[547] viXra:2001.0642 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-29 14:46:23

Characterizations of Functions with Strongly $\alpha$-Closed Graphs

Authors: M. Caldas, Saeid Jafari, R. M. Latif, T. Noiri
Comments: 12 Pages.

In this paper, we study some properties of functions with strongly $\alpha$-closed graphs by utilizing $\alpha$-open sets and the $\alpha$-closure operator.
Category: Topology

[546] viXra:2001.0641 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-29 14:51:56

More on $\lambda s$-Semi-$\theta$-Closed Sets

Authors: M. Caldas, M. Ganster, D. N. Georgiou, Saeid Jafari
Comments: 16 Pages.

It is the object of this paper to study further the notion of $\Lambda s$-semi- $\theta$-closed sets which is defined as the intersection of a $\theta$- $\Lambda s$-set and a semi--closed set. Moreover, we introduce some low separation axioms using the above notions. Also we present and study the notions of $\Lambda s$- continuous functions, $\Lambda s$-compact spaces and $\Lambda s$-connected spaces.
Category: Topology

[545] viXra:2001.0640 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-29 14:55:30

On Some Properties of Weakly LC-Continuous Functions

Authors: M. Caldas, M. Ganster, Saeid Jafari, T. Noiri
Comments: 12 Pages.

M. Ganster and I.L. Reilly [2] introduced a new decomposition of continuity called LC-continuity. In this paper, we introduce and investigate a generalization LC- continuity called weakly LC-continuity.
Category: Topology

[544] viXra:2001.0638 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-29 15:00:19

On $\lambda$-Generalized Continuous Functions

Authors: S.P. Missier, M.G. Rani, M. Caldas, Saeid Jafari
Comments: 11 Pages.

In this paper, we introduce a new class of continuous functions as an application of $\Lambda$-generalized closed sets (namely $\Lambda_g$-closed set, $\Lambda$-g-closed set and $g \Lambda$-closed set) namely $\Lambda$-generalized continuous functions (namely $\Lambda g$-continuous, $\Lambda$-g-continuous and $g \Lambda$-continuous) and study their properties in topological space.
Category: Topology

[543] viXra:2001.0637 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-29 15:02:50

Upper and Lower Rarely $\alpha$-Continuous Multifunctions

Authors: Maximilian Ganster, Saeid Jafari
Comments: 6 Pages.

Recently the notion of rarely $\alpha$-continuous functions has been introduced and investigated by Jafari [1]. This paper is devoted to the study of upper (and lower) rarely $\alpha$-continuous multifunctions.
Category: Topology

[542] viXra:2001.0636 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-29 15:14:48

On the Ramanujan’s Mathematics (Hardy-Ramanujan Number and Mock Theta Functions) Applied to Various Parameters of Particle Physics and Black Hole Physics: New Possible Mathematical Connections.

Authors: Michele Nardelli, Antonio Nardelli
Comments: 64 Pages.

In this research thesis, we have analyzed and deepened further Ramanujan expressions (Hardy-Ramanujan number and mock theta functions) applied to various parameters of Particle Physics and Black Hole Physics. We have therefore described new possible mathematical connections.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[541] viXra:2001.0635 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-29 15:26:36

Functions with Strongly Semi-$\theta$-Closed Graphs

Authors: M. Caldas, Saeid Jafari, T. Noiri, R.K. Saraf
Comments: 12 Pages.

In this note, we study some other properties of functions with strongly semi-$\theta$-closed graphs by utilizing semi-$\theta$--open sets and the semi-$\theta$--closure operator.
Category: Topology

[540] viXra:2001.0634 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-29 17:10:25

(QGR V1.0 30.01.2020 11 a4 Pages [without References]) (Toy-Model) Sketching a New Quantum General Relativity (QGR) Variant Mainly Based on the Redefinition of Leptons (As Quantum Micro Black Holes Composed from Highly Compressed Single Triquarks un

Authors: Andrei Lucian Dragoi
Comments: 12 Pages.

This paper sketches the toy-model of a new quantum General relativity (QGR) (aka “loop quantum gravity” [LQG]) variant mainly based on the redefinition of leptons (as quantum micro black holes [mbhs] composed from highly compressed single triquarks under a very strong quantum gravitational field [QGF]), a dual electro-gravitational interpretation of the (running) fine structure constant (FSC) and a reinterpretation of Planck units partially compatible with Einstein’s GR (EGR) (or in the “spirit” of EGR!). QGR is born at the bridge between EGR, quantum field theory (QFT) and M-theory (MT): that is why QGR can be regarded as a “synapse” which interconnects these three apparently incompatible theories (EGR, QFT and MT). This QGR variant can be considered a specific MT subtype based on cylindrical 4D branes (called “vacuum tubes” in this paper) with 3D hyper-surfaces (3D branes): this MT subtype may act like a "patch"/”needle” “sticking”/“stitching” together both EGR and QFT. This paper actually continues (from alternative angles of view!) the work of other past articles/preprints of the same author.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[539] viXra:2001.0633 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-29 18:36:33

Frame-Independent Synchronization for a Theory of Presentism

Authors: Robert D. Bock
Comments: 7 Pages.

We introduce a synchronization scheme that reconciles presentism with special relativity. Specifically, we address the challenge of defining in special relativity a global present of an observer at a particular location that is independent of reference frame. This is achieved by postulating that the coordinate time that elapses for light to propagate from emitter to absorber is a fundamental constant of nature and is independent of the separation distance and also independent of the reference frame of the absorber. We show that the proposed theory predicts cosmological redshifts consistent with observation if an asymmetry exists between the emitter's and absorber's perceptions of time.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[538] viXra:2001.0630 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-28 21:58:13

The Role of Equations (Grids/tensors) in Forces, Especially Strings.

Authors: John Peel
Comments: 10 Pages. Ideas to be developed

The ideas presented are incomplete but may go someway to connecting the structure of equations to forces etc. The author hopes that an interested person could develop the ideas completely. The main point is that logical structures (proposed here as strings) are the interface between reality and other spaces such as the logical space and awareness in previous papers. There are calculations to be done in terms of dualities etc.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[537] viXra:2001.0629 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-29 02:12:01

Neutrosophic Nano Αψ Closed Sets In Neutrosophic Nano Topological Spaces

Authors: M.Parimala, R.Jeevitha, Saeid Jafari, F.Smarandache, M.Karthika
Comments: 9 Pages.

In this article we introduce the notation of neutrosophic nano semi closed, neutrosophic nano α closed, neutrosophic nano pre closed, neutrosophic nano semi preclosed and neutrosophic nano regular closed and investigate some of their properties. Further we study the concept of neutrosophic nano sg closed, neutrosophic nano ψ closed and neutrosophic nano αψ closed and derive some of their properties.
Category: General Mathematics

[536] viXra:2001.0628 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-29 02:21:59

Positron Emission Tomography

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 52 Pages.

Researchers at CERN have placed new limits on the timing performance of state-of-the-art systems for time-of-flight positron electron tomography (TOF-PET). [34] Researchers in the US have combined artificial intelligence (AI) with an advanced laser-based imaging technique to create a system that can identify different types of brain cancer from surgical samples with a similar accuracy to pathologists, but much, much faster. [33] Measuring optical blood flow in the resting human brain to detect spontaneous activity has for the first time been demonstrated by Wright State University imaging researchers, holding out promise for a better way to study people with autism, Alzheimer's and depression. [32]
Category: Physics of Biology

[535] viXra:2001.0627 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-29 02:40:16

Radar Detect Cosmic Neutrinos

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 55 Pages.

Physicists working at the SLAC laboratory in the US have shown they can detect radar echoes by bouncing radio waves off a cascade of high-energy particles. [22] If it turns out that neutrinos and antineutrinos oscillate in a different way from one another, this may partially account for the present-day matter–antimatter imbalance. [21] Studying this really interesting particle that's all around us, and yet is so hard to measure, that could hold the key to understanding why we're here at all, is exciting—and I get to do this for a living," says Mauger. [20] In the Standard Model of particle physics, elementary particles acquire their masses by interacting with the Higgs field. This process is governed by a delicate mechanism: electroweak symmetry breaking (EWSB). [19]
Category: Astrophysics

[534] viXra:2001.0626 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-29 02:58:33

Mathematical Model for Amyloid Formation

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 53 Pages.

Amyloids are aggregates consisting of stacks of thousands of proteins bound tightly together. Their formation is involved in several widespread disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and Type II diabetes. [35] Researchers at CERN have placed new limits on the timing performance of state-of-the-art systems for time-of-flight positron electron tomography (TOF-PET). [34] Researchers in the US have combined artificial intelligence (AI) with an advanced laser-based imaging technique to create a system that can identify different types of brain cancer from surgical samples with a similar accuracy to pathologists, but much, much faster. [33]
Category: Physics of Biology

[533] viXra:2001.0625 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-29 03:16:02

Orbital Texture in 3-D Material

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 70 Pages.

New physical behavior, such as Mott insulating behavior, unconventional superconductivity and quantum spin liquid behavior, occurs when electrons inside a material interact with each other. (ÖAW) introduces a novel technique to detect entanglement even in large-scale quantum systems with unprecedented efficiency. [39] Researchers at QuTech in Delft have succeeded in generating quantum entanglement between two quantum chips faster than the entanglement is lost. [38] A team led by Austrian experimental physicist Rainer Blatt has succeeded in characterizing the quantum entanglement of two spatially separated atoms by observing their light emission. [37] Researchers have demonstrated the first quantum light-emitting diode (LED) that emits single photons and entangled photon pairs with a wavelength of around 1550 nm, which lies within the standard telecommunications window. [36] JILA scientists have invented a new imaging technique that produces rapid, precise measurements of quantum behavior in an atomic clock in the form of near-instant visual art. [35]
Category: Condensed Matter

[532] viXra:2001.0624 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-29 03:36:40

Topological Defects in Metamaterials

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 71 Pages.

Researchers at AMOLF, Leiden University and Tel Aviv University have found a new way of designing these metamaterials and their properties by deliberately incorporating small errors. [45] New physical behavior, such as Mott insulating behavior, unconventional superconductivity and quantum spin liquid behavior, occurs when electrons inside a material interact with each other. (ÖAW) introduces a novel technique to detect entanglement even in large-scale quantum systems with unprecedented efficiency. [39] Researchers at QuTech in Delft have succeeded in generating quantum entanglement between two quantum chips faster than the entanglement is lost. [38] A team led by Austrian experimental physicist Rainer Blatt has succeeded in characterizing the quantum entanglement of two spatially separated atoms by observing their light emission. [37] Researchers have demonstrated the first quantum light-emitting diode (LED) that emits single photons and entangled photon pairs with a wavelength of around 1550 nm, which lies within the standard telecommunications window. [36]
Category: Condensed Matter

[531] viXra:2001.0623 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-29 06:57:00

Qubits Precisely Controlled by Technology

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 81 Pages.

Qubits Precisely Controlled by Technology Of the many divergent approaches to building a practical quantum computer, one of the most promising paths leads toward ion traps. [49] A group of physicists in Utrecht, San Sebastián and Pennsylvania have created a new artificial molecule that is insulating inside but has electronic states localized in its corners. [48] In a recent study, researchers at the University of Colorado have resolved phonon Fock states in the spectrum of a superconducting qubit coupled to a multimode acoustic cavity. [47] "Our bacterially produced graphene material will lead to far better suitability for product development," Meyer says. [46] Physicists at the University of Innsbruck are proposing a new model that could demonstrate the supremacy of quantum computers over classical supercomputers in solving optimization problems. [45] Using data from the CMS experiment there, the researchers studied the entropy resulting from entanglement within the proton. [44] A German-Austrian research team is now presenting the largest entangled quantum register of individually controllable systems to date, consisting of a total of 20 quantum bits. [43] Neill is lead author of the group's new paper, "A blueprint for demonstrating quantum supremacy with superconducting qubits," now published in the journal Science. [42] Physicists at ETH Zurich have now demonstrated an elegant way to relax this intrinsic incompatibility using a mechanical oscillator formed by a single trapped ion, opening up a route for fundamental studies and practical uses alike. [41]
Category: Quantum Physics

[530] viXra:2001.0622 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-29 07:58:37

RNA Direct Effect on DNA

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 40 Pages.

Following a new collaboration between UiO and research groups in Nottingham and Oxford, it has now been revealed that RNA has a direct effect on DNA stability, according to Professor Klungland's research. [26] To dictate the biology of any cell, DNA in the cell's nucleus must be translated into corresponding strands of RNA. [25] An LMU team has improved both the sensitivity and efficiency of a popular method for single-cell RNA sequencing, which yields a molecular fingerprint for individual cells based on their patterns of gene activity. [24] The goal is to find bits of DNA in common between the known relatives and the unidentified remains, suggesting both belong to a particular lineage. One analysis develops a profile that combines what's found at 23 spots in the DNA, for example. [23] A new method allows researchers to systematically identify specialized proteins that unpack DNA inside the nucleus of a cell, making the usually dense DNA more accessible for gene expression and other functions. [22] Bacterial systems are some of the simplest and most effective platforms for the expression of recombinant proteins. [21] Now, in a new paper published in Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Mayo researchers have determined how one DNA repair protein gets to the site of DNA damage. [20] A microscopic thread of DNA evidence in a public genealogy database led California authorities to declare this spring they had caught the Golden State Killer, the rapist and murderer who had eluded authorities for decades. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18] An LMU team now reveals the inner workings of a molecular motor made of proteins which packs and unpacks DNA. [17]
Category: Physics of Biology

[529] viXra:2001.0621 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-29 08:48:37

Ultrafast Spin-Orbit Torque Switching

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 83 Pages.

Spin-orbit torque (SOT) magnetization switching is a phenomenon induced by a spin current, which is in turn generated by a charge current. [50] Of the many divergent approaches to building a practical quantum computer, one of the most promising paths leads toward ion traps. [49] A group of physicists in Utrecht, San Sebastián and Pennsylvania have created a new artificial molecule that is insulating inside but has electronic states localized in its corners. [48] In a recent study, researchers at the University of Colorado have resolved phonon Fock states in the spectrum of a superconducting qubit coupled to a multimode acoustic cavity. [47] "Our bacterially produced graphene material will lead to far better suitability for product development," Meyer says. [46] Physicists at the University of Innsbruck are proposing a new model that could demonstrate the supremacy of quantum computers over classical supercomputers in solving optimization problems. [45] Using data from the CMS experiment there, the researchers studied the entropy resulting from entanglement within the proton. [44] A German-Austrian research team is now presenting the largest entangled quantum register of individually controllable systems to date, consisting of a total of 20 quantum bits. [43] Neill is lead author of the group's new paper, "A blueprint for demonstrating quantum supremacy with superconducting qubits," now published in the journal Science. [42] Physicists at ETH Zurich have now demonstrated an elegant way to relax this intrinsic incompatibility using a mechanical oscillator formed by a single trapped ion, opening up a route for fundamental studies and practical uses alike. [41]
Category: Quantum Physics

[528] viXra:2001.0620 [pdf] replaced on 2020-02-22 03:27:58

Disruptive Gravitation Theory

Authors: Ramses Bounkeu Safo
Comments: 20 pages in English. Updated version of Disruptive Gravity (viXra:1905.0264)

Viewing gravity as a spacetime bending force instead of just a spacetime curvature, we come to the conclusion of rest mass relativity since it yields equivalent equations as General Relativity. A close analysis of the Schwarzschild metric leads us naturally to the Vacuum Energy Invariance principle from which we derive the metric equation. Applying this theory to cosmology, we can explain the acceleration of the universe expansion in a way that doesn't require Dark Energy. This theory has the same predictive power as General Relativity for every local experimental tests of the latter since it's based on a slight modification of the Schwarzschild metric.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[527] viXra:2001.0619 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-28 10:18:12

Plasmonic Nanolens Nanoscopy

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 40 Pages.

Imaging at the scale of a single molecule has gained much recent research interest in diverse fields of molecular biology, physics and nanotechnology. [27] Physicists have developed a technique based on optical microscopy that can be used to create images of atoms on the nanoscale. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24]
Category: Quantum Physics

[526] viXra:2001.0617 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-28 10:46:56

AI Classifies Brain Cancer

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 50 Pages.

Researchers in the US have combined artificial intelligence (AI) with an advanced laser-based imaging technique to create a system that can identify different types of brain cancer from surgical samples with a similar accuracy to pathologists, but much, much faster. [33] Measuring optical blood flow in the resting human brain to detect spontaneous activity has for the first time been demonstrated by Wright State University imaging researchers, holding out promise for a better way to study people with autism, Alzheimer's and depression. [32]
Category: Physics of Biology

[525] viXra:2001.0616 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-28 11:07:05

Photonics Innovation

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 55 Pages.

This year’s Photonics West and BIOS events will bring together scientists, entrepreneurs and big business to discuss the trends that will drive the future of the optics industry. [36] Researchers at Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) have developed a simple yet accurate method for finding defects in the latest generation of silicon carbide transistors. [34] In 2017, University of Utah physicist Valy Vardeny called perovskite a "miracle material" for an emerging field of next-generation electronics, called spintronics, and he's standing by that assertion. [33] Scientists at Tokyo Institute of Technology proposed new quasi-1-D materials for potential spintronic applications, an upcoming technology that exploits the spin of electrons. [32] They do this by using "excitons," electrically neutral quasiparticles that exist in insulators, semiconductors and in some liquids. [31] Researchers at ETH Zurich have now developed a method that makes it possible to couple such a spin qubit strongly to microwave photons. [30] Quantum dots that emit entangled photon pairs on demand could be used in quantum communication networks. [29] Researchers successfully integrated the systems-donor atoms and quantum dots. [28] A team of researchers including U of A engineering and physics faculty has developed a new method of detecting single photons, or light particles, using quantum dots. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25]
Category: Quantum Physics

[524] viXra:2001.0614 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-28 12:30:57

A Map of a Research Programme for Subtlety Theory

Authors: Christopher Goddard
Comments: 10 Pages.

The scope of this short note is to outline a research programme for the exploration of 'subtlety theory', which can be thought of as a framework for exploring various classes of structure associated to higher categories. It is hoped that this might form a logical springboard for researchers wishing to explore said ideas and potentially take them further.
Category: General Mathematics

[523] viXra:2001.0611 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-28 15:40:20

On the Ramanujan’s Mathematics (Rogers-Ramanujan Continued Fractions, Hardy-Ramanujan Number and Sixth Order Mock Theta Functions) Applied to Various Parameters of Particle Physics: New Possible Mathematical Connections II.

Authors: Michele Nardelli, Antonio Nardelli
Comments: 57 Pages.

In this research thesis, we have analyzed and deepened further Ramanujan expressions (Rogers-Ramanujan continued fractions, Hardy-Ramanujan number and sixth order mock theta functions) applied to various parameters of Particle Physics. We have therefore described new possible mathematical connections.
Category: Number Theory

[522] viXra:2001.0610 [pdf] replaced on 2020-03-08 00:49:30

Correspondence Between a 0-Sphere and the Electron Model

Authors: Satoshi Hanamura
Comments: 2 Pages.

This study describes the significance of a 0-sphere on the behavior of electrons. The 0-sphere is suitable for representing the positions of the two bare electrons which mentioned in the previous study. It was a model that two bare electrons emit the thermal potential energy on one side and absorb the energy in another side. An electron travels by cyclically repeating both of the radiation and absorption. The position coordinates of these two bare electrons could be represented by the 0-sphere.
Category: Quantum Physics

[521] viXra:2001.0607 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-28 03:45:28

Nanoparticle Against Heart Attacks

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 63 Pages.

Michigan State University and Stanford University scientists have invented a nanoparticle that eats away—from the inside out—portions of plaques that cause heart attacks. [34] Another collaborative project from a nanoparticles expert at The University of Texas at Arlington has yielded promising results in the search for more effective, targeted cancer treatments. [33] Automated radiotherapy planning is a boon for medical physicists and dosimetrists, radiotherapy departments, and patients themselves – according to a team at Cone Health Cancer Center. [32]
Category: Physics of Biology

[520] viXra:2001.0606 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-28 04:56:52

Was Auschwitz-Birkenau Een Tempel Voor Baal Tzafon? (Dutch)

Authors: Leon Elshout
Comments: 2 Pages.

was Auschwitz meer dan een massavernietigingskamp waarin de Joden collectief in de sheol terechtkwamen? Birkenau roept associaties op met zowel Babylon als het Meer van Galilea als met de Grote Piramide die mogelijk een tempel voor de sfinx was. Was Auschwitz ook een tempel voor Baal Tsaphon? - door Leon Elshout, 28 januari 2020, roodgoudvanparvaim.nl
Category: Religion and Spiritualism

[519] viXra:2001.0605 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-28 06:59:38

Solving the Problem of the 8 Queens Using Harbour Language

Authors: Edimar Veríssimo da Silva
Comments: 18 Pages. We present the solution to the problem of the eight queens and the complete source code in Harbour language.

In this article we present the solution to the classic 8 queens problem which aims to look for states on a chessboard where 8 queens are positioned without one attack to another, that is, they should not share columns, rows or diagonals.
Category: Data Structures and Algorithms

[518] viXra:2001.0604 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-28 07:58:57

An Alternative Algorithm to Create a Route Optimized for the Traveling Salesman Problem

Authors: Edimar Veríssimo da Silva
Comments: 6 Pages.

This article presents the problem of the symmetrical traveling salesman (the distance between the city A → B is the same distance as the city B → A) and a non-deterministic algorithm to solve it in some cases using time and feasible computational resources.
Category: Data Structures and Algorithms

[517] viXra:2001.0603 [pdf] replaced on 2022-01-28 11:04:31

Solid Angle of a Rectangular Plate

Authors: Richard J. Mathar
Comments: 12 Pages. Version 2 includes formula for solid angle of the on-axis ellipse

The solid angle covered by a rectangular plate of length a and width b at a distance d to the observer is calculated. [vixra:2001.0603]
Category: Functions and Analysis

[516] viXra:2001.0602 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-28 08:43:52

Magnetic Resonance Electronics

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 38 Pages.

A team of physicists has discovered an electrical detection method for terahertz electromagnetic waves, which are extremely difficult to detect. [24] Magnetoresistance-a variation of electrical resistance in response to an externally applied magnetic field-is important for all magnetic field sensor applications. [23] As a result of climate change, population growth, and rising expectations regarding quality of life, energy requirements for cooling processes are growing much faster worldwide than for heating. [22] Researchers at The Ohio State University have discovered how to control heat with a magnetic field. [21] Researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have developed a new technology for switching heat flows 'on' or 'off'. [20] Thermoelectric materials can use thermal differences to generate electricity. Now there is an inexpensive and environmentally friendly way of producing them with the simplest tools: a pencil, photocopy paper, and conductive paint. [19] A team of researchers with the University of California and SRI International has developed a new type of cooling device that is both portable and efficient. [18] Thermal conductivity is one of the most crucial physical properties of matter when it comes to understanding heat transport, hydrodynamic evolution and energy balance in systems ranging from astrophysical objects to fusion plasmas. [17] Researchers from the Theory Department of the MPSD have realized the control of thermal and electrical currents in nanoscale devices by means of quantum local observations. [16] Physicists have proposed a new type of Maxwell's demon-the hypothetical agent that extracts work from a system by decreasing the system's entropy-in which the demon can extract work just by making a measurement, by taking advantage of quantum fluctuations and quantum superposition. [15] Pioneering research offers a fascinating view into the inner workings of the mind of 'Maxwell's Demon', a famous thought experiment in physics. [14]
Category: Quantum Physics

[515] viXra:2001.0601 [pdf] replaced on 2020-02-22 10:28:13

Gravitational Energy: The Wegtransformierbar Elephant

Authors: D. Chakalov
Comments: 13 Pages. Added note on Gravitational Theory of Relativity (Die Gravitationsfeldrelativitätstheorie).

My theory of gravitational energy, with illustrations. The 'wegtransformierbar elephant' stands for the gravitational energy, which is not present (Eliot’s cat Macavity) in the light cone, just like the wave function in QM disappears upon its “collapse”. We also perform gravitational “collapse” by hand, by switching to the so-called freely falling coordinates, leaving only physicalizable “jackets” in the physical world, in line with the general rule explained at p. 2. The theory is falsifiable and can be refuted (p. 4).
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[514] viXra:2001.0600 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-27 09:53:23

Quantum Computers for Physics Concepts

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 61 Pages.

"Think what we can do if we teach a quantum computer to do statistical mechanics," posed Michael McGuigan, a computational scientist with the Computational Science Initiative at the U.S. Department of Energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory. [37] Among many important and fundamental issues in science, solving the Schroedinger equation (SE) of atoms and molecules is one of the ultimate goals in chemistry, physics and their related fields. [36] The standard approach to building a quantum computer with majoranas as building blocks is to convert them into qubits. However, a promising application of quantum computing-quantum chemistry-would require these qubits to be converted again into so-called fermions. [35] Scientists have shown how an optical chip can simulate the motion of atoms within molecules at the quantum level, which could lead to better ways of creating chemicals for use as pharmaceuticals. [34] Chinese scientists Xianmin Jin and his colleagues from Shanghai Jiao Tong University have successfully fabricated the largest-scaled quantum chip and demonstrated the first two-dimensional quantum walks of single photons in real spatial space, which may provide a powerful platform to boost analog quantum computing for quantum supremacy. [33] To address this technology gap, a team of engineers from the National University of Singapore (NUS) has developed an innovative microchip, named BATLESS, that can continue to operate even when the battery runs out of energy. [32] Stanford researchers have developed a water-based battery that could provide a cheap way to store wind or solar energy generated when the sun is shining and wind is blowing so it can be fed back into the electric grid and be redistributed when demand is high. [31]
Category: Quantum Physics

[513] viXra:2001.0598 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-27 10:20:02

Picture of a Light Pulse

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 60 Pages.

Until now, complex experimental equipment was required to measure the shape of a light pulse. A team from TU Wien (Vienna), MPI Garching and LMU Munich has now made this much easier. [36] Researchers have, for the first time, integrated two technologies widely used in applications such as optical communications, bio-imaging and Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) systems that scan the surroundings of self-driving cars and trucks. [35] The unique platform, which is referred as a 4-D microscope, combines the sensitivity and high time-resolution of phase imaging with the specificity and high spatial resolution of fluorescence microscopy. [34]
Category: Quantum Physics

[512] viXra:2001.0597 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-27 10:44:47

On the Ramanujan’s Mathematics (Rogers-Ramanujan Continued Fractions, Taxicab Numbers and Sixth Order Mock Theta Functions) Applied to Various Parameters of Particle Physics: New Possible Mathematical Connections.

Authors: Michele Nardelli, Antonio Nardelli
Comments: 84 Pages.

In this research thesis, we have analyzed and deepened further Ramanujan expressions (Rogers-Ramanujan continued fractions, Taxicab numbers and sixth order mock theta functions) applied to various parameters of Particle Physics. We have therefore described new possible mathematical connections.
Category: Number Theory

[511] viXra:2001.0596 [pdf] replaced on 2020-01-31 10:06:49

Quantum Gravity and Clocks Synchronization Using Gravitons.

Authors: Domenico Oricchio
Comments: 3 Pages.

I think that it is possible to synchronize clocks in general relativity using gravitational waves. I think that quantum gravity is possible using quantum electrodynamics. I think that exist a Coulomb curvature that deform the space-time for the gravitational waves.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[510] viXra:2001.0595 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-27 11:50:59

Is Science a Pyramid Scheme? the Correlation Between an Author's Position in the Academic Hierarchy and Her Scientific Output Per Year

Authors: Charleeze P. Ponzi
Comments: 7 Pages.

A grievance expressed by some PhD students and Postdocs is that science works like a pyramid scheme: Young scientists are encouraged to invest into building scientific careers although the chances at remaining in science are extremely slim. This issue is investigated quantitatively by connecting it with the way authorship on papers is distributed. I analyzed a large bibliographic dataset made available by Microsoft under the name Academic Graph to create a histogram with the number of articles an author produces per year. The histogram has the shape of a pyramid, and different layers in it correlate with positions in the academic hierarchy. The super-prolific authors at the top of the pyramid with more than 40 publications per year are usually heads of large institutes with many subgroups and large numbers of PhD students, while the bottom of the pyramid is populated by PhD students and Postdocs with less than 5 publications per year. The mechanism that allows 'manager scientists' to appropriate publications generated in their sphere of influence is related to other issues, such as the evaluation of scientific performance based on scientometric indicators and the lenient enforcement of authorship rules. A new index, the Ponzi factor, is proposed to quantify this phenomenon.
Category: Education and Didactics

[509] viXra:2001.0594 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-27 12:52:29

Light is the Ultimate Constituent of Matter

Authors: Francesco Ferrara
Comments: 33 Pages. The mass may NOT be a scalar quantity

The document describes the "neutron" particle as composed of two current loops: the first, generated by a sphere, without mass, negatively charged, with charge equal to the electron charge, which rotates at the speed of light, describing a circumference having radius equal to about 5.54 E-16 meters, the second, generated by a sphere, always without mass, having positive charge, always equal, in absolute value, to the charge of the electron, which rotates at the speed of light , describing a circumference having a radius equal to about 1.52 E-16 meters. The two spheres, having electric charges of opposite sign, rotate in the same direction, this describing two currents that rotate in opposite directions to each other
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[508] viXra:2001.0592 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-27 13:05:22

Ein Exkurs über Grenzen Der Speziellen Relativitätstheorie, Die Keine Grenzen Sind...

Authors: Robert Stach
Comments: 4 Pages.

Das hier vorliegende Manuskript gibt einen geschichtlichen Rückblick über die Ausarbeitung der Speziellen Relativitätstheorie. Gegenübergestellt wird dabei der eigentliche Sinn des Michelson- Experimentes und die spätere Verwendung durch Albert Einstein. Es wird eine andere Sichtweise vorgestellt, welche den Weg für ein neues Tätigkeitsfeld im Bereich der experimentellen Astrophysik eröffnet.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[507] viXra:2001.0590 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-27 13:54:24

On Entire Functions-Minorants for Subharmonic Functions Outside of a Small Exceptional Set

Authors: Bulat N. Khabibullin
Comments: 5 Pages.

Let u be an arbitrary subharmonic function of finite order on the complex plane. We construct a nonzero entire function f such that ln|f| does not exceed the function u everywhere outside some very small exceptional set E.
Category: Functions and Analysis

[506] viXra:2001.0589 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-27 14:33:59

The Quasicrystal Rosetta Stone

Authors: Ark Thoth, Raymond Aschheim, Et Al.
Comments: 6 Pages.

The standard model is unified with gravity in an F4 gauge theory where the spacetime is a quasicrystalline compactication of an E9 Lorentzian lattice. The Higgs is played by a neutrino condensate. Using three languages where the first is a Hilbert loop, the second is a list of ver- tices in the E8 Lattice and the third is a two-dimensional quasicrystal exhibiting five-fold symmetry, the longtime sought generation formula for general five-fold symmetric quasicrystals are revealed.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[505] viXra:2001.0588 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-27 15:12:20

Was Auschwitz-Birkenau a Temple for Baal Tsaphon?

Authors: Leon Elshout
Comments: 2 Pages.

Auschwitz Birkenau was a mass destruction camp. But was it more than that? was there a religious aspect in the game? Auschwitz reminds us of the Exodus story and the jews that built the Great Pyramid and the Sphinx (Exodus 14:1-2). If the Great Pyramid was a temple for Baal Tsaphon, the Lord of the North, was Auschwitz then the same kind of thing? Was it a temple and was Adolf Hitler the personification of Baal tsaphon? - by leon elshout, 27 january, 2020, roodgoudvanparvaim.nl
Category: Religion and Spiritualism

[504] viXra:2001.0587 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-27 15:50:11

Comparing Lisp, Prolog and Ops-5 Languages with the Language Julia

Authors: Edimar Veríssimo da Silva
Comments: 5 Pages. Key words: expert systems, lisp, prolog, ops-5, julia, artificial intelligence.

This article presents LISP, PROLOG, OPS-5 and Julia as tools that can facilitate the development of applications with artificial intelligence, especially expert systems.
Category: Data Structures and Algorithms

[503] viXra:2001.0586 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-27 16:28:38

Division by Zero Calculus, Derivatives and Laurent's Expansion

Authors: Saburou Saitoh
Comments: 9 Pages. I am writing a book on the division by zero and so I am asking for kind suggestions and comments on the topics.

Based on a preprint survey pape, we will give a fundamental relation among the basic concepts of division by zero calculus, derivatives and Laurent's expansion as a direct extension of the preprint which gave the generalization of the division by zero calculus to differentiable functions. In particular, we will find a new viewpoint and applications to the Laurent expansion, in particular, to residures in the Laurent expansion. $1/0=0/0=z/0=\tan(\pi/2) =\log 0 =0, (z^n)/n = \log z$ for $n=0$, $e^{(1/z)} = 1$ for $z=0$. 
Category: Functions and Analysis

[502] viXra:2001.0584 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-27 17:31:02

(PPB Sketch-V.1.0 27.01.2020 49 a6 Pages Without the Abbreviation Table Romanian Version) Pediatria PRACTICĂ DE Buzunar a DR. DRĂGOI (DR. DRAGOI’S Practical Pediatric Handbook) (Version in Romanian)

Authors: Andrei Lucian Dragoi
Comments: 49 Pages.

INTRODUCERE. Acest manual practic de pediatrie în format de buzunar (aflat deocamdată în stadiul de ...”morulă”) se adresează tuturor studenților la medicină, rezidenților, medicilor specialiști și chiar primari care doresc un instrument de uz zilnic în clinică, dar și o sursă rapidă de recapitulare pentru examene. Prezentul manual este atipic (similar unui dicționar/manual-dicționar) prin faptul că macro-verigile fiziopatologice (cele frecvent întâlnite în practica pediatrică), bolile și sindroamele pediatrice (dar și celelalte seturi de informații medicale relevante) sunt toate indexate în ordine alfabetică ca rubrici succesive într-un index unitar comun (pentru o accesare rapidă), iar bolile sunt prezentate în forma unui lanț cauzal orizontal compus din verigi fiziopatologice în “cascadă” (marcate prin subliniere orizontală și constituind de fapt “scheletul” etiopatogenic/fiziopatologic al unei boli anume) ce descriu în general afectări de țesut sau organ specifice ce au un tablou semiologic clinico-paraclinic (inclusiv imagistic) ȘI un tratament (curativ și/sau suportiv/simptomatic) comune. Note importante. (1) Bolile și sindroamele au fost marcate în index prin mici chenare, tocmai pentru a fi diferențiate de verigile fiziopatologice (listate în același index unitar comun). (2) Toți termenii subliniați în textul interior al oricărei rubrici (din indexul principal al acestui manual) reprezintă verigi fiziopatologice (sau alte seturi de informație medicală relevantă) ce au la rândul lor propria rubrică (ce poate fi accesată și separat, pentru citirea descrierii detaliate a acelei verigi) în indexul principal unitar al acestui manual-dicționar medical.
Category: Quantitative Biology

[501] viXra:2001.0581 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-27 00:56:28

On Some New Classes of Sets and a New Decomposition of Continuity Via Grills

Authors: Esref Hatir, Saeid Jafari
Comments: 8 Pages.

In this paper, we present and study some new classes of sets and give a new decomposition of continuity in terms of grills.
Category: Topology

[500] viXra:2001.0580 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-27 03:46:58

Break time

Authors: Yuji Masuda
Comments: 1 Page.

This is a interesting relationship.
Category: Number Theory

[499] viXra:2001.0579 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-27 05:04:39

Theory for Elementary Particles, Dark Matter, Dark Energy, and Galaxies

Authors: Thomas J. Buckholtz
Comments: 77 pages

We show theory that spans tiny and vast aspects of physics. We suggest descriptions for new elementary particles, dark matter, and dark energy. We use those descriptions to explain data regarding dark matter effects, dark energy effects, and galaxy formation. Our mathematics-based modeling, descriptions, and explanations embrace and augment standard physics theory and modeling. One basis for our modeling is an extension to mathematics for harmonic oscillators.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[498] viXra:2001.0578 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-27 06:38:11

From Classical Logic to Nebulous Logic

Authors: Edimar Veríssimo da Silva
Comments: 4 Pages. Key words: classic logic, multivalue, fuzzy.

This article presents a small digression that begins with the presentation of deductive logic and advances with the expansion of the valid states of propositions (until then only true or false) thus uncovering the multivalue logic and reaching the fuzzy logic, also known as nebula or fuzzy.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[497] viXra:2001.0577 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-27 06:55:04

Laser Diagnoses at a Distance

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 26 Pages.

Fully contact-free laser ultrasound (LUS) imaging has been demonstrated in humans by researchers at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), in collaboration with MIT Lincoln Laboratory. Xiang Zhang and colleagues used an infrared laser to generate sound waves at the tissue surface of volunteers' forearms. [14] Optical Mammography, or OM, which uses harmless red or infrared light, has been developed for use in conjunction with X-rays for diagnosis or monitoring in cases demanding repeated imaging where high amounts of ionizing radiation should be avoided. [13] University Professor of Applied Physics Stephen Arnold and his team at the New York University Tandon School of Engineering have made a discovery that could lead to Star Trek-like biosensor devices capable of flagging the barest presence in blood of a specific virus or antibody, or protein marker for a specific cancer; or sniffing out airborne chemical warfare agents while they are still far below toxic levels. [12] Lead researcher Dr Jonathan Breeze, from Imperial's Department of Materials, said: "This breakthrough paves the way for the widespread adoption of masers and opens the door for a wide array of applications that we are keen to explore. We hope the maser will now enjoy as much success as the laser." [11] Japanese researchers have optimized the design of laboratory-grown, synthetic diamonds. [10] Nearly 75 years ago, Nobel Prize-winning physicist Erwin Schrödinger wondered if the mysterious world of quantum mechanics played a role in biology. A recent finding by Northwestern University's Prem Kumar adds further evidence that the answer might be yes. [9] A UNSW Australia-led team of researchers has discovered how algae that survive in very low levels of light are able to switch on and off a weird quantum phenomenon that occurs during photosynthesis. [8] This paper contains the review of quantum entanglement investigations in living systems, and in the quantum mechanically modeled photoactive prebiotic kernel systems. [7] The human body is a constant flux of thousands of chemical/biological interactions and processes connecting molecules, cells, organs, and fluids, throughout the brain, body, and nervous system. Up until recently it was thought that all these interactions operated in a linear sequence, passing on information much like a runner passing the baton to the next runner. However, the latest findings in quantum biology and biophysics have discovered that there is in fact a tremendous degree of coherence within all living systems. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to understand the Quantum Biology.
Category: Physics of Biology

[496] viXra:2001.0576 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-27 07:29:36

Theses About Main Ontological and Epistemological Doctrine of Clinical Medicine in 21st Century

Authors: Kutlumuratov A.B.
Comments: 9 Pages.

Abstract This small treatise is short introduction to main ontological and epistemological problem of the modern clinical medicine, interpreted here as a practical science; namely it is introduction to a problem of individuation (individualization) of doctoring. I will offer special treatises with more detail interpretation, a substantiation, and my version of the decision of this problem a little while later. Keywords: “clinical medicine”; “technological doctrine”; “individual nature of patient”; “individuation doctrine”; “individuation of doctoring”; “addressing of doctoring” (or “selectivity of doctoring”).
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[495] viXra:2001.0575 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-27 08:03:58

Multiple-Lesion Dosimetry

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 29 Pages.

The growing clinical application of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for the treatment of metastatic tumours in the brain presents a significant dosimetric and quality assurance (QA) challenge for medical physicists and their clinical colleagues. [15] Fully contact-free laser ultrasound (LUS) imaging has been demonstrated in humans by researchers at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), in collaboration with MIT Lincoln Laboratory. Xiang Zhang and colleagues used an infrared laser to generate sound waves at the tissue surface of volunteers' forearms. [14] Optical Mammography, or OM, which uses harmless red or infrared light, has been developed for use in conjunction with X-rays for diagnosis or monitoring in cases demanding repeated imaging where high amounts of ionizing radiation should be avoided. [13] University Professor of Applied Physics Stephen Arnold and his team at the New York University Tandon School of Engineering have made a discovery that could lead to Star Trek-like biosensor devices capable of flagging the barest presence in blood of a specific virus or antibody, or protein marker for a specific cancer; or sniffing out airborne chemical warfare agents while they are still far below toxic levels. [12] Lead researcher Dr Jonathan Breeze, from Imperial's Department of Materials, said: "This breakthrough paves the way for the widespread adoption of masers and opens the door for a wide array of applications that we are keen to explore. We hope the maser will now enjoy as much success as the laser." [11] Japanese researchers have optimized the design of laboratory-grown, synthetic diamonds. [10] Nearly 75 years ago, Nobel Prize-winning physicist Erwin Schrödinger wondered if the mysterious world of quantum mechanics played a role in biology. A recent finding by Northwestern University's Prem Kumar adds further evidence that the answer might be yes. [9] A UNSW Australia-led team of researchers has discovered how algae that survive in very low levels of light are able to switch on and off a weird quantum phenomenon that occurs during photosynthesis. [8] This paper contains the review of quantum entanglement investigations in living systems, and in the quantum mechanically modeled photoactive prebiotic kernel systems. [7] The human body is a constant flux of thousands of chemical/biological interactions and processes connecting molecules, cells, organs, and fluids, throughout the brain, body, and nervous system. Up until recently it was thought that all these interactions operated in a linear sequence, passing on information much like a runner passing the baton to the next runner. However, the latest findings in quantum biology and biophysics have discovered that there is in fact a tremendous degree of coherence within all living systems. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to understand the Quantum Biology.
Category: Physics of Biology

[494] viXra:2001.0573 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-27 09:22:02

Single Quantum Spin in Diamond

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 49 Pages.

The effect of rapid rotation on a single quantum spin in a piece of diamond has been measured for the first time. Alexander Wood of the University of Melbourne and colleagues rotated the diamond at 200,000 rpm and used laser light and microwaves to measure the effect on the spin. [36] A new method to read out the spin states of individual negatively-charged nitrogen vacancy (NV-) centres has been developed by researchers in Europe and Japan. [35] Now, teams from France, Spain and Germany have demonstrated the feasibility of another approach at the nanoscale: "We can induce magnetic order on a small region of our sample by employing a small electric field instead of using magnetic fields," Dr. Sergio Valencia, HZB, says. [34] In 2017, University of Utah physicist Valy Vardeny called perovskite a "miracle material" for an emerging field of next-generation electronics, called spintronics, and he's standing by that assertion. [33] Scientists at Tokyo Institute of Technology proposed new quasi-1-D materials for potential spintronic applications, an upcoming technology that exploits the spin of electrons. [32] They do this by using "excitons," electrically neutral quasiparticles that exist in insulators, semiconductors and in some liquids. [31] Researchers at ETH Zurich have now developed a method that makes it possible to couple such a spin qubit strongly to microwave photons. [30] Quantum dots that emit entangled photon pairs on demand could be used in quantum communication networks. [29] Researchers successfully integrated the systems-donor atoms and quantum dots. [28] A team of researchers including U of A engineering and physics faculty has developed a new method of detecting single photons, or light particles, using quantum dots. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26]
Category: Quantum Physics

[493] viXra:2001.0571 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-26 14:30:51

Using Biological Techniques for Manet Security Based on Fuzzy Classification

Authors: A. A. Salama, Yaser Wazery, I. M. Hanafy
Comments: 206 Pages.

A Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Science Prepared By Yaser Maher Abdel-Montaleb wazery M.SC Information Technology Supervised by Prof.Dr. Ibrahim Mohamed Hanafy Math & Computer science Dept. Faculty of Science Port-Said University Prof.Dr. Ahmed Abdel-Khalek Salama Math & Computer science Dept. Faculty of Science Port-Said University Dr. Mohamed Abdel-Fattah Mohamed Information systems Dept Faculty of Computers and Information Banha University
Category: Digital Signal Processing

[492] viXra:2001.0570 [pdf] replaced on 2020-02-09 23:14:41

Conjecture About Gravitational Waves Based on a Discovery and Its Potential Applications

Authors: Xia CAO
Comments: 23 Pages. This is a new discovery. Patents have been filed to protect the reported inventions.

Scientific discoveries have given us a much better understanding of the world. Can you imagine that when an acrylic sheet is tapped by hand, the generated electromagnetic field can produce a voltage of 3600 V? The general theory of relativity predicted the existence of gravitational waves. Here, we found that two objects can generate electromagnetic fields under forces, and high frequency interaction can generate electromagnetic waves. We have deduced that gravitational waves generated by the collision of celestial bodies are the same as the electromagnetic field generated by the collision of small stones. When two small stones collide, the generated electromagnetic field can drive the LED. Wind blowing objects was used to verify that there would be electromagnetic field generated by friction between the object and atmosphere. We speculate that there must be super strong electromagnetic field produced by the friction between the earth surface and atmosphere because of the ultra-high-speed rotation and revolution of the earth. The electromagnetic field generated by friction between the fiber cloth and air can drive 1350 LEDs wirelessly, which indirectly verifies that how strong the electromagnetic field generated by the rotation of earth will be. The generated energy radiates outward in the form of electromagnetic waves and is distributed throughout the out space. This may lead to the formation of earth's ring-shaped gravitational waves. On this basis, it is inferred that the gravitational waves should exist anywhere, anytime and in everything. In addition, several power generation devices including self-powered board for portable devices were designed based on the discovery. These new findings will have far-reaching impact on a range of research fields such as physics, new energy and astronomy.
Category: Thermodynamics and Energy

[491] viXra:2001.0569 [pdf] replaced on 2021-08-01 11:38:34

Phase-Transition Means: Fractal Invariant in Renormalizations Mediates Transitions Between Manifolds of Different Topologies

Authors: Udo E. Steinemann
Comments: 15 Pages.

Phase-transitions are normally known from physics, e.g. when a matter changes its state of aggregation while an appropriate transition-threshold changes into a decisive quality. Phenomena of such kinds are not reserved for physics only, they can also be observed - detached from any physical application - in a wide range of mathematical contexts. These scenarios - generally called as phase-transitions now - will mediate between manifolds of different topologies. Some physics-examples are known where the threshold of the appropriate transition is excelled by a fractal structure with the property of invariance in renormalizations. Distribution of magnetized micro-cells in a Ferro-magnet at a critical temperature may be mentioned as a typical example in this sense. Similar qualities can also be verified for phase-transitions in pure mathematical contexts, especially when the transitions between manifolds of different topologies are mediated by fractals that turn out to be invariant in renormalizations. Therefore it seems, this kind of phenomena will always happen in space as soon the aforementioned conditions are met.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[490] viXra:2001.0568 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-26 02:05:51

Jumping Genes Stabilize DNA Folding

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 39 Pages.

"Jumping genes"—bits of DNA that can move from one spot in the genome to another—are well-known for increasing genetic diversity over the long course of evolution. [23] Biology encodes information in DNA and RNA, which are complex molecules finely tuned to their functions. [22] When cells suffer DNA damage, they send out an SOS signal. When the repair crew arrives, the emergency signal is cancelled as it is no longer needed. [21] Now, in a new paper published in Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Mayo researchers have determined how one DNA repair protein gets to the site of DNA damage. [20]
Category: Physics of Biology

[489] viXra:2001.0567 [pdf] replaced on 2020-02-14 12:10:34

Selenographic Description of The Moon Rocks and Minerals – Lunarites and Lunabazites.

Authors: Imrich Krištof
Comments: 13 Pages.

The Apollo Lunar landings yielded an abundance of new scientific data on the Moon. The various experiments placed on the surface provided information on seismic, geophysics, resp. selenophysics, gravitational and other characteristics of lunar rocks and minerals. But perhaps the most dramatic result of the missions was returning a total of more than 800 pounds (381,7 kg) of a lunar rock and soil (regolith) for analysis on Earth. These samples of the evolution of Moon regolith offered a deeper appreciation of the genesis of our nearest planetary neighbor. Sometimes the experts say about Earth and Moon like about a TWINPLANET EARTH–MOON. The Lunar surface we can divided into two topological and selenographical units a) Moon’s Continents (Highlands) b) Moon's Mares, Sinuses, Oceans, Basins c) Craters (impact objects). The Moon continents are connected with Mountains like The highest point, located on the far side of the Moon, above 10 000 m is 8 700 m NORTH–EAST OF CRATER CURTIUS, approximately 6 500 meters higher than Mons Huygens (usually listed as the tallest Mountain). The surface Temperature reached +110 °C or -160 °C. Mons Agures, Mons Ampére, Mons Andre, Mons Blanc, Mons Hadley, Moon Mountains – Ranges: Montes Agricoly, Montes Alpes, Montes Apenninnes, Montes Carpatus, Montes Caucasus, Montes Cordillera, Montes Jura, Montes Pyrenaeus, Montes Rook, Geology (Selenology) of the Moon is very different of the Earth. Moon doesn’t have any atmosphere and doesn’t have the significant volumes of water, which is connected with no erosion by the weather, and doesn’t have plate tectonics.
Category: Astrophysics

[488] viXra:2001.0566 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-26 05:29:35

Protein Delivery Immune Response

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 49 Pages.

"Maybe this will tell us a bit more about how macrophages associated with tumors and infection can suppress a T cell response," he says. [28] Sunlight is essential for all life, and living organisms have evolved to sense and respond to light. [27] Using X-ray laser technology, a team led by researchers of the Paul Scherrer Institute PSI has recorded one of the fastest processes in biology. [26] A Virginia Commonwealth University researcher has developed a procedure for identifying the source of cells present in a forensic biological sample that could change how cell types are identified in samples across numerous industries. [25] In work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland in College Park, researchers have devised and demonstrated a new way to measure free energy. [24] A novel technique developed by researchers at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) will help shine new light on biological questions by improving the quality and quantity of information that can be extracted in fluorescence microscopy. [23] Micro-computed tomography or "micro-CT" is X-ray imaging in 3-D, by the same method used in hospital CT (or "CAT") scans, but on a small scale with massively increased resolution. [22] A new experimental method permits the X-ray analysis of amyloids, a class of large, filamentous biomolecules which are an important hallmark of diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. [12] Thumb through any old science textbook, and you'll likely find RNA described as little more than a means to an end, a kind of molecular scratch paper used to construct the proteins encoded in DNA. [20] Just like any long polymer chain, DNA tends to form knots. Using technology that allows them to stretch DNA molecules and image the behavior of these knots, MIT researchers have discovered, for the first time, the factors that determine whether a knot moves along the strand or "jams" in place. [19]
Category: Physics of Biology

[487] viXra:2001.0565 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-26 05:48:32

Diabetes-Related Proteins

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 51 Pages.

Scientists have examined a key receptor for the first time at high resolution-broadening understanding of how it might function, and opening the door to future improvements in treating conditions such as type 2 diabetes. [29] "Maybe this will tell us a bit more about how macrophages associated with tumors and infection can suppress a T cell response," he says. [28] Sunlight is essential for all life, and living organisms have evolved to sense and respond to light. [27] Using X-ray laser technology, a team led by researchers of the Paul Scherrer Institute PSI has recorded one of the fastest processes in biology. [26] A Virginia Commonwealth University researcher has developed a procedure for identifying the source of cells present in a forensic biological sample that could change how cell types are identified in samples across numerous industries. [25] In work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland in College Park, researchers have devised and demonstrated a new way to measure free energy. [24] A novel technique developed by researchers at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) will help shine new light on biological questions by improving the quality and quantity of information that can be extracted in fluorescence microscopy. [23] Micro-computed tomography or "micro-CT" is X-ray imaging in 3-D, by the same method used in hospital CT (or "CAT") scans, but on a small scale with massively increased resolution. [22] A new experimental method permits the X-ray analysis of amyloids, a class of large, filamentous biomolecules which are an important hallmark of diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. [12] Thumb through any old science textbook, and you'll likely find RNA described as little more than a means to an end, a kind of molecular scratch paper used to construct the proteins encoded in DNA. [20]
Category: Physics of Biology

[486] viXra:2001.0564 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-26 06:07:55

Social Networks of Neurons

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 55 Pages.

The detailed insight into the molecular guidance mechanisms of brain cells was possible due to the structural analyses of the protein complex. [34] In a recent report, Mengke Yang and colleagues at the Brain Research Instrument Innovation Center, Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Systems Neuroscience and Optical System Advanced Manufacturing Technology in China, Germany and the U.K. developed a new technique named the multiarea two-photon real-time in vitro explorer (MATRIEX). [33] Measuring optical blood flow in the resting human brain to detect spontaneous activity has for the first time been demonstrated by Wright State University imaging researchers, holding out promise for a better way to study people with autism, Alzheimer's and depression. [32]
Category: Physics of Biology

[485] viXra:2001.0563 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-26 06:19:37

First-Order Perturbative Solution to Schr¨odinger Equation for Charged Particles

Authors: A.V.Bratchikov
Comments: 5 Pages.

Perturbative solution to Schr¨odinger equation for N charged particles is studied. We use an expansion that is equivalent to Fock’s one. In the case that the zeroth-order approximation is a harmonic homogeneous polynomial a first-order approximation is found.
Category: Quantum Physics

[484] viXra:2001.0562 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-26 07:21:08

Perovskite Semiconductors Limitations

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 48 Pages.

University of California, Berkeley, scientists have created a blue light-emitting diode (LED) from a trendy new semiconductor material, halide perovskite, overcoming a major barrier to employing these cheap, easy-to-make materials in electronic devices. [30] KU Leuven researchers from the Roeffaers Lab and the Hofkens Group have now put forward a very promising direct X-ray detector design, based on a rapidly emerging halide perovskite semiconductor, with chemical formula Cs2AgBiBr6. [29] Physicists at Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) have proven that incoming light causes the electrons in warm perovskites to rotate, thus influencing the direction of the flow of electrical current. [28] Self-assembly and crystallisation of nanoparticles (NPs) is generally a complex process, based on the evaporation or precipitation of NP-building blocks. [27] New nanoparticle-based films that are more than 80 times thinner than a human hair may help to fill this need by providing materials that can holographically archive more than 1000 times more data than a DVD in a 10-by-10-centimeter piece of film. [26] Researches of scientists from South Ural State University are implemented within this area. [25] Following three years of extensive research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HU) physicist Dr. Uriel Levy and his team have created technology that will enable computers and all optic communication devices to run 100 times faster through terahertz microchips. [24] When the energy efficiency of electronics poses a challenge, magnetic materials may have a solution. [23]
Category: Condensed Matter

[483] viXra:2001.0561 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-26 08:03:37

On $\rho$-Homeomorphisms in Topological Spaces

Authors: S.P. Missier, M.G. Rani, M. Caldas, Saeid Jafari
Comments: 20 Pages.

In this paper, we first introduce a new class of closed map called $\rho$- closed map. Moreover, we introduce a new class of homeomorphism called a $\rho$-homeomorphism.We also introduce another new class of closed map called $\rho*$-closed map and introduce a new class of homeomorphism called a $\rho*$-homeomorphism and prove that the set of all $\rho*$-homeomorphisms forms a group under the operation of composition of maps.
Category: Topology

[482] viXra:2001.0560 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-26 08:11:15

Low Separation Axioms Associated with ^g*s-Closed Sets

Authors: M. Anto, K. M. Arifmohammed, M. Ganster, Saeid Jafari, S. Pious Missier
Comments: 29 Pages.

In this paper, we introduce kT½ -spaces, k*T½ -spaces, kT_b -spaces, kT_c -spaces, kT_d -spaces, kT_f -spaces, kT_^g* -spaces and T^k_b-spaces and investigate their characterizations.
Category: Topology

[481] viXra:2001.0559 [pdf] replaced on 2020-01-27 18:35:43

La Teoría Relativista de la Gravitación Superior Que la Relatividad General

Authors: Alfonso Leon Guillen Gomez
Comments: 76 Pages.

Presentamos lo básico de la teoría relativista de la gravitación, con la inclusión de textos originales, de varios papeles, publicados entre 1987 y 2009, por sus autores: S. S Gershtein, A. A Logunov, Yu. M Loskutov y M. A Mestvirishvili junto con las introducciones, resúmenes y conclusiones elaborados por el autor de este papel. Esta es una teoría gauge, compatible con las teorías de la física cuántica de las fuerzas electromagnética, débil y fuerte, que define la gravedad como la cuarta fuerza existente en la naturaleza, como campo estático dotada de la partícula transmisora del gravitón virtual de espines 2 y 0, dentro del espíritu del principio de relatividad de Galilei, en su generalización de la relatividad especial de Poincaré que le permitió a los autores la universalización de que las leyes físicas de la naturaleza se cumplen con independencia de los marcos de referencia donde se apliquen. No obstante, integrada a la teoría Entwurf de Grossmann-Einstein, en su desarrollo ulterior, por parte de estos autores, por tanto, preserva las leyes de conservación de la energía-impulso y del impulso angular conjuntamente del campo gravitacional y los demás campos materiales existentes en la naturaleza, en el espaciotiempo efectivo de Riemann, mediante su identidad con el espaciotiempo pseudo Euclídeo de Minkowski.
Category: Classical Physics

[480] viXra:2001.0558 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-26 10:12:05

On the Ramanujan’s Mathematics (Rogers-Ramanujan Continued Fractions, Hardy-Ramanujan Number and Manuscript Book 1 Formulae) Applied to Various Sectors of String Theory: Further New Possible Mathematical Connections Xiii.

Authors: Michele Nardelli, Antonio Nardelli
Comments: 78 Pages.

In this research thesis, we have analyzed and deepened further Ramanujan expressions (Rogers-Ramanujan continued fractions, Hardy-Ramanujan number and Manuscript Book 1 formulae) applied to some sectors of String Theory. We have therefore described other new possible mathematical connections.
Category: Number Theory

[479] viXra:2001.0557 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-26 10:23:46

Crítica Crucial de Logunov Y Mestvirishvil a la “general Relatividad”

Authors: Alfonso Leon Guillen Gomez
Comments: 32 Pages.

Con base en los varios papeles, 1989-2002, mediante los textos originales, se presenta la crítica, de los matemático-físicos A. Logunov y M. Mestvirishvil, de la “general relatividad” de A. Einstein, paso previo para la elaboración de la teoría relativista de la gravitación de estos autores. Se demuestra concluyentemente que desde las ecuaciones de Einstein-Grossman-Hilbert la gravedad es absurdamente un campo métrico carente de realidad física.
Category: Classical Physics

[478] viXra:2001.0556 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-25 11:38:36

On the Ramanujan’s Mathematics (Rogers-Ramanujan Continued Fractions, Taxicab Numbers and Manuscript Book 1 Formulae) Applied to Various Sectors of String Theory and to the Black Hole Physics: Further New Possible Mathematical Connections Xii.

Authors: Michele Nardelli, Antonio Nardelli
Comments: 71 Pages.

In this research thesis, we have analyzed and deepened further Ramanujan expressions (Rogers-Ramanujan continued fractions, taxicab numbers and Manuscript Book 1 formulae) applied to some sectors of String Theory and to the Black Hole Physics. We have therefore described other new possible mathematical connections.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[477] viXra:2001.0555 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-25 12:36:33

How Does a Massive Human Body Stand on Weak Feet Toes?

Authors: Yahya A.Sharif
Comments: 2 Pages.

The new physical phenomenon is the small effect on feet toes when a human stand on them. This article aims to explains this new physical phenomenon
Category: Classical Physics

[476] viXra:2001.0554 [pdf] replaced on 2020-01-27 05:09:59

Correspondence Between the Solutions of an Equation and the Divisors of Odd Numbers

Authors: Edoardo Gueglio
Comments: 6 Pages.

There is a correspondence between the positive solutions of a diophantine equation and the divisors of odd numbers
Category: Number Theory

[475] viXra:2001.0551 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-25 01:59:59

The "Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse

Authors: António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres
Comments: 4 Pages. in Russian, in English

Peace and Security. "The "four horsemen of the Apocalypse" pose threats in the 21st century. UN chief outlines solutions to defeat ‘four horsemen’ threatening our global future. 22 January 2020 : Geopolitical tensions Climatel crisis Global mistrust The dark side of technology To meet them with dignity, today we need the efforts of the UN.
Category: Physics of Biology

[474] viXra:2001.0550 [pdf] replaced on 2020-01-27 05:05:29

Correspondence Between the Solutions of an Equation and the Divisors of Natural Numbers

Authors: Edoardo Gueglio
Comments: 5 Pages.

There is a correspondence between the positive solutions of a diophantine equation and the divisors of natural numbers.
Category: Number Theory

[473] viXra:2001.0549 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-25 02:49:15

Quantum Communication in Fiber

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 71 Pages.

New research done at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa, and Huazhang University of Science and Technology in Wuhan, China, has exciting implications for secure data transfer across optical fiber networks. [41] Their research involved exploring how to exploit multicore fiber-optic technology that is expected to be used in future transmission networks. [40] When Greg Bowman presents a slideshow about the proteins he studies, their 3-D shapes and folding patterns play out as animations on a big screen. [39] Researchers at the University of Helsinki uncovered the mechanisms for a novel cellular stress response arising from the toxicity of newly synthesized proteins. [38] Scientists have long sought to develop drug therapies that can more precisely diagnose, target and effectively treat life-threatening illness such as cancer, cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases. [37] Skin cells taken from patients with a rare genetic disorder are up to ten times more sensitive to damage from ultraviolet A (AVA) radiation in laboratory tests, than those from a healthy population, according to new research from the University of Bath. [36] The use of stem cells to repair organs is one of the foremost goals of modern regenerative medicine. [35] Using new technology to reveal the 3-D organization of DNA in maturing male reproductive cells, scientists revealed a crucial period in development that helps explain how fathers pass on genetic information to future generations. [34]
Category: Quantum Physics

[472] viXra:2001.0548 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-25 04:05:17

On The Infinitude of Twin Prime Pairs And The Generalized Goldbach's Conjecture

Authors: Siddhartha Shree kaushik
Comments: 4 Pages.

We prove that there are infinitely many Twin Prime pairs and further propose the generalized version of Goldbach's Conjecture
Category: Number Theory

[471] viXra:2001.0547 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-25 04:48:13

Antibacterial Nanoparticles

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 42 Pages.

According to the World Health Organization, one of the biggest health threats around the world is antibiotic-resistant bacteria. [26] Researchers at the University of Illinois at Chicago have identified a molecular switch that causes immune cells called macrophages to clean up cellular debris caused by infections instead of contributing to inflammation and tissue injury. [25] Working with mouse and human tissue, Johns Hopkins Medicine researchers report new evidence that a protein pumped out of some—but not all—populations of "helper" cells in the brain, called astrocytes, plays a specific role in directing the formation of connections among neurons needed for learning and forming new memories. [24]
Category: Physics of Biology

[470] viXra:2001.0546 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-25 05:13:27

Manipulation of Microparticles by Sound

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 52 Pages.

A simple but accurate theory of how sound interacts with small particles has been developed by theoretical physicists at RIKEN. [33] The first detection of quantum dots using this approach has been outstanding. [32] Researchers from Empa and ETH Zurich, together with colleagues from IBM Research Zurich, have recently been able to create this effect with long-range ordered nanocrystal superlattices. [31] The optical tweezer is revealing new capabilities while helping scientists understand HYPERLINK "https://phys.org/tags/quantum+mechanics/" quantum mechanics, the theory that explains nature in terms of subatomic particles. [30] In the perspective, Gabor and Song collect early examples in electron metamaterials and distil emerging design strategies for electronic control from them. [29] Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) researchers are working to make better electronic devices by delving into the way nanocrystals are arranged inside of them. [28] Self-assembly and crystallisation of nanoparticles (NPs) is generally a complex process, based on the evaporation or precipitation of NP-building blocks. [27] New nanoparticle-based films that are more than 80 times thinner than a human hair may help to fill this need by providing materials that can holographically archive more than 1000 times more data than a DVD in a 10-by-10-centimeter piece of film. [26] Researches of scientists from South Ural State University are implemented within this area. [25] Following three years of extensive research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HU) physicist Dr. Uriel Levy and his team have created technology that will enable computers and all optic communication devices to run 100 times faster through terahertz microchips. [24] When the energy efficiency of electronics poses a challenge, magnetic materials may have a solution. [23]
Category: Condensed Matter

[469] viXra:2001.0545 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-25 05:44:37

Heat-Therapeutic System

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 43 Pages.

Along these lines, and in particular in the battle to fight cancer, researchers are actively developing sophisticated strategies to destroy tumors by raising their temperature. [28] "The physical origins of thermodynamic uncertainty relations were obscure until now. Our study shows they can be derived from FTs," Landi said. [27] A solid can serve as a medium for heat and sound wave interactions just like a fluid does for thermoacoustic engines and refrigerators - resulting in leak-free machines that can stay operating longer. [26]
Category: Physics of Biology

[468] viXra:2001.0544 [pdf] replaced on 2021-07-27 01:16:51

Statistical Principles of Natural Philosophy (CN)

Authors: Tao Guo
Comments: 96 Pages.

Currently, natural philosophy (Physics) lacks the most fundamental model and a complete set of self-consistent explanations. This article attempts to address several issues to fill in the gaps. Starting from the most basic philosophical paradoxes, I deduce a physical model (the natural philosophical outlook) to describe the laws governing the operation of the universe. Based on this model, a mathematical model is established to describe the generalized diffusion behavior of a moving particle swarm, for which the form without external field is simply verified. In this article, the gravitational force and relativistic effects are interpreted for the first time as a statistical effect of randomly moving particles. Thus, the gravitational force and special relativistic effects are integrated into a single equation (achieved by selecting an initial wave function with a specific norm when solving it), and the cause of stable particle formation is also revealed. The derived equation and the method of acquiring the initial wave function are fully self-consistent with the hypotheses stated in the physical model, thereby also proving the reliability of the physical model to some extent. Some of these ideas may have potential value as a basis for understanding the essence of quantum mechanics, relativity and superstring theory, as well as for gaining a further understanding of nature and the manufacture of quantum computers.
Category: Quantum Physics

[467] viXra:2001.0542 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-25 06:38:43

On $\lambda_b$-Sets and the Associated Topology $\tau_b ^{*}$

Authors: M. Caldas, Saeid Jafari, T. Noiri
Comments: 10 Pages.

In this paper we define the concept of $\Lambda_b$-sets (resp. $V_b$-sets) of a topological space, i.e., the intersection of b-open (resp. the union of b-closed) sets. We study the fundamental property of $\Lambda_b$-sets (resp. $V_b$-sets) and investigate the topologies defined by these families of sets.
Category: Topology

[466] viXra:2001.0541 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-25 06:43:12

Compact Open Topology and Evaluation Map via Neutrosophic Sets

Authors: R. Dhavaseelan, Saeid Jafari, F. Smarandache
Comments: 4 Pages.

The concept of neutrosophic locally compact and neutrosophic compact open topology are introduced and some interesting propositions are discussed.
Category: Topology

[465] viXra:2001.0540 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-25 06:49:07

On Some Very Strong Compactness Conditions

Authors: M. Ganster, Saeid Jafari, M. Steiner
Comments: 9 Pages.

The aim of this paper is to consider compactness notions by utilizing $\lambda$-sets, V - sets, locally closed sets, locally open sets, $\lambda$-closed sets and $\lambda$-open sets. We are able to completely characterize these variations of compactness, and also provide various interesting examples that support our results.
Category: Topology

[464] viXra:2001.0539 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-25 06:51:58

On PC-Compact Spaces

Authors: M. Ganster, Saeid Jafari, T. Noiri
Comments: 10 Pages.

In this paper we consider a new class of topological spaces, called pc-compact spaces. This class of spaces lies strictly between the classes of strongly compact spaces and C- compact spaces. Also, every pc-compact space is p-closed in the sense of Abo-Khadra. We will investigate the fundamental properties of pc-compact spaces, and consider their behaviour under certain mappings.
Category: Topology

[463] viXra:2001.0538 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-25 06:56:53

More on go-Compact and go-(M, n)-Compact Spaces

Authors: Miguel Caldas, Saeid Jafari, Raja M. Latif, Oya B. Özbakir
Comments: 10 Pages.

Balachandran [1] introduced the notion of GO-compactness by involving g-open sets. Quite recently, Caldas et al. in [8] and [9] investigated this class of compactness and characterized several of its properties. In this paper, we further investigate this class of compactness and obtain several more new properties. Moreover, we introduce and study the new class of GO-(m, n)-compact spaces.
Category: Topology

[462] viXra:2001.0537 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-25 07:02:20

On Ideal Topological Groups

Authors: Saeid Jafari, N. Rajesh
Comments: 11 Pages.

In this paper, we introduce and study the class of ideal topological groups by using I-open sets and I-continuity.
Category: Topology

[461] viXra:2001.0536 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-25 07:05:16

Portable Device Diagnose Sepsis

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 42 Pages.

EPFL researchers have developed a highly sensitive and portable optical biosensor that stands to accelerate the diagnosis of fatal conditions like sepsis. It could be used by ambulances and hospitals to improve the triage process and save lives. [25] Handheld electrochemical sensors are part of the daily routine for millions of people with diabetes around the globe who monitor their blood sugar levels with electric glucometers. [24] A Rutgers-led team has created better biosensor technology that may help lead to safe stem cell therapies for treating Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases and other neurological disorders. [23]
Category: Physics of Biology

[460] viXra:2001.0535 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-25 07:10:02

Neutrosophic Contra-Continuous Multifunctions

Authors: Saeid Jafari, N. Rajesh, F. Smarandache
Comments: 9 Pages.

This paper is devoted to the concepts of neutrosophic upper and neutrosophic lower contra-continuous multifunctions and also some of their characterizations are considered.
Category: Topology

[459] viXra:2001.0534 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-25 07:12:43

Neutrosophic Semi-Continuous Multifunctions

Authors: R. Dhavaseelan, Saeid Jafari, N. Rajesh, F. Smarandache
Comments: 10 Pages.

In this paper we introduce the concepts of neutrosophic upper and neutrosophic lower semi-continuous multifunctions and study some of their basic properties.
Category: Topology

[458] viXra:2001.0533 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-25 07:16:11

Ideal Topological Vector Spaces

Authors: Saeid Jafari, N. Rajesh
Comments: 6 Pages.

In this paper, we introduce and study the concept of ideal topological vector spaces.
Category: General Mathematics

[457] viXra:2001.0531 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-25 10:20:58

The Landau-Lifshitz Pseudotensor - Another Meaningless Concoction of Mathematical Symbols

Authors: Stephen J. Crothers
Comments: 2 Pages.

In an attempt to make A. Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity comply with the usual conservation of energy and momentum for a closed system which a vast array of experiments has ascertained, Mr. L. Landau and Mr. E. Lifshitz constructed, ad hoc, their pseudotensor, as a proposed improvement upon the pseudotensor of Mr. Einstein. Their pseudotensor is symmetric (Mr. Einstein’s is not) and, they say, it permits a conservation law including angular momentum. That it is not a tensor is outside the very mathematical structure of Mr. Einstein’s theory. Beyond that, it violates the rules of pure mathematics. It is therefore a meaningless concoction of mathematical symbols.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[456] viXra:2001.0530 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-24 09:32:32

Limits of Artificial Intelligence

Authors: Edimar Veríssimo da Silva
Comments: 4 Pages.

In this article we try to verify the evolution of artificial intelligence by analyzing the Deep Blue supercomputer created by IBM to play chess and the Watson computer that defeated human opponents in the TV show Jeopardy. We also present Godel's incompleteness theorem and its implications on the development of Artificial Intelligence.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[455] viXra:2001.0529 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-24 10:01:08

The Way to Quantum Networks

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 53 Pages.

Physicists at LMU, together with colleagues at Saarland University, have successfully demonstrated the transport of an entangled state between an atom and a photon via an optic fiber over a distance of up to 20 km-thus setting a new record. [34] A scientist involved in expanding quantum communication to a network of users, is continuing his work at the University of Bristol. [33] In recent years, nanofabricated mechanical oscillators have emerged as a promising platform for quantum information applications. [32] Quantum communication, which ensures absolute data security, is one of the most advanced branches of the "second quantum revolution". [31] Researchers at the University of Bristol's Quantum Engineering Technology Labs have demonstrated a new type of silicon chip that can help building and testing quantum computers and could find their way into your mobile phone to secure information. [30] Theoretical physicists propose to use negative interference to control heat flow in quantum devices. [29] Particle physicists are studying ways to harness the power of the quantum realm to further their research. [28] A fundamental barrier to scaling quantum computing machines is "qubit interference." In new research published in Science Advances, engineers and physicists from Rigetti Computing describe a breakthrough that can expand the size of practical quantum processors by reducing interference. [26] The search and manipulation of novel properties emerging from the quantum nature of matter could lead to next-generation electronics and quantum computers. [25] Lab) has found the first evidence that a shaking motion in the structure of an atomically thin (2-D) material possesses a naturally occurring circular rotation. [24]
Category: Quantum Physics

[454] viXra:2001.0528 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-24 10:23:01

Quantum Gravity Research

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 21 Pages.

But, through discussion, other researchers ask questions derived from their curiosity, taking the research in a new direction, landing on a very interesting question, which has an even more interesting answer. [21] A team of researchers affiliated with several institutions in France has revisited the idea of improving on estimates of the upper limit of the mass of a graviton. [20] An international group of astronomers, including physicists at the University of St Andrews, has revived a previously debunked theory of gravity, arguing that motions within dwarf galaxies would be slower if close to a massive galaxy. [19] While last year's discovery of gravitational waves from colliding neutron stars was earth-shaking, it won't add extra dimensions to our understanding of the universe-not literal ones, at least. [18] A global team of scientists, including two University of Mississippi physicists, has found that the same instruments used in the historic discovery of gravitational waves caused by colliding black holes could help unlock the secrets of dark matter, a mysterious and as-yet-unobserved component of the universe. [17] The lack of so-called "dark photons" in electron-positron collision data rules out scenarios in which these hypothetical particles explain the muon's magnetic moment. [16] By reproducing the complexity of the cosmos through unprecedented simulations, a new study highlights the importance of the possible behaviour of very high-energy photons. In their journey through intergalactic magnetic fields, such photons could be transformed into axions and thus avoid being absorbed. [15] Scientists have detected a mysterious X-ray signal that could be caused by dark matter streaming out of our Sun's core. Hidden photons are predicted in some extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics, and unlike WIMPs they would interact electromagnetically with normal matter. In particle physics and astrophysics, weakly interacting massive particles, or WIMPs, are among the leading hypothetical particle physics candidates for dark matter. The gravitational force attracting the matter, causing concentration of the matter in a small space and leaving much space with low matter concentration: dark matter and energy. There is an asymmetry between the mass of the electric charges, for example proton and electron, can understood by the asymmetrical Planck Distribution Law. This temperature dependent energy distribution is asymmetric around the maximum intensity, where the annihilation of matter and antimatter is a high probability event. The asymmetric sides are creating different frequencies of electromagnetic radiations being in the same intensity level and compensating each other. One of these compensating ratios is the electron-proton mass ratio. The lower energy side has no compensating intensity level, it is the dark energy and the corresponding matter is the dark matter.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[453] viXra:2001.0526 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-24 10:43:27

Discovery How Cells Move

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 49 Pages.

But the complicated mechanics of this collective cell movement-which are facilitated by rearrangements between each cell and its neighbors-have made it challenging for researchers to decipher what's actually driving it. [27] It's a remarkable choreography. In each of our bodies, more than 37 trillion cells tightly coordinate with other cells to organize into the numerous tissues and organs that make us tick. [26] A Virginia Commonwealth University researcher has developed a procedure for identifying the source of cells present in a forensic biological sample that could change how cell types are identified in samples across numerous industries. [25] In work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland in College Park, researchers have devised and demonstrated a new way to measure free energy. [24] A novel technique developed by researchers at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) will help shine new light on biological questions by improving the quality and quantity of information that can be extracted in fluorescence microscopy. [23] Micro-computed tomography or "micro-CT" is X-ray imaging in 3-D, by the same method used in hospital CT (or "CAT") scans, but on a small scale with massively increased resolution. [22] A new experimental method permits the X-ray analysis of amyloids, a class of large, filamentous biomolecules which are an important hallmark of diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. [12] Thumb through any old science textbook, and you'll likely find RNA described as little more than a means to an end, a kind of molecular scratch paper used to construct the proteins encoded in DNA. [20] Just like any long polymer chain, DNA tends to form knots. Using technology that allows them to stretch DNA molecules and image the behavior of these knots, MIT researchers have discovered, for the first time, the factors that determine whether a knot moves along the strand or "jams" in place. [19]
Category: Physics of Biology

[452] viXra:2001.0525 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-24 11:09:34

Memory to Pressure-Sensitive Phosphors

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 57 Pages.

Mechanoluminescence (ML) is a type of luminescence induced by any mechanical action on a solid, leading to a range of applications in materials research, photonics and optics. [33] Using graphene as a light-sensitive material for light detectors offers significant improvements with respect to materials being used nowadays. [32] The precision of measuring nanoscopic structures could be substantially improved, thanks to research involving the University of Warwick and QuantIC researchers at the University of Glasgow and Heriot Watt University into optical sensing. [31] Researchers at AMOLF and the University of Texas have circumvented this problem with a vibrating glass ring that interacts with light. They thus created a microscale circulator that directionally routes light on an optical chip without using magnets. [30] Researchers have discovered three distinct variants of magnetic domain walls in the helimagnet iron germanium (FeGe). [29] Magnetic materials that form helical structures-coiled shapes comparable to a spiral staircase or the double helix strands of a DNA molecule-occasionally exhibit exotic behavior that could improve information processing in hard drives and other digital devices. [28] In a new study, researchers have designed "invisible" magnetic sensors-sensors that are magnetically invisible so that they can still detect but do not distort the surrounding magnetic fields. [27] At Carnegie Mellon University, Materials Science and Engineering Professor Mike McHenry and his research group are developing metal amorphous nanocomposite materials (MANC), or magnetic materials whose nanocrystals have been grown out of an amorphous matrix to create a two phase magnetic material that exploits both the attractive magnetic inductions of the nanocrystals and the large electrical resistance of a metallic glass. [26] The search and manipulation of novel properties emerging from the quantum nature of matter could lead to next-generation electronics and quantum computers. [25]
Category: Condensed Matter

[451] viXra:2001.0524 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-24 11:25:19

Photonic Band Gap Experiment

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 57 Pages.

A crystal with a 3-D photonic band gap is a powerful tool to control light, with applications for new types of solar cells, sensors and miniature lasers. [40] Laser physicists have succeeded in reducing the acquisition time for data required for reliable characterization of multidimensional electron motions by a factor of 1000. [39] Princeton researchers have demonstrated a new way of making controllable "quantum wires" in the presence of a magnetic field, according to a new study published in Nature. [38] Physicists at the Kastler Brossel Laboratory in Paris have reached a milestone in the combination of cold atoms and nanophotonics. [37]
Category: Quantum Physics

[450] viXra:2001.0523 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-24 12:31:50

On the Ramanujan’s Mathematics (Mock Theta Functions and Taxicab Numbers) Applied to Various Sectors of M-Theory (Braneworld) and to the Black Hole Physics: Further New Possible Mathematical Connections Xi.

Authors: Michele Nardelli, Antonio Nardelli
Comments: 97 Pages.

In this research thesis, we have analyzed and deepened further Ramanujan expressions (mock theta functions and taxicab numbers) applied to some sectors of M-Theory (braneworld) and to the Black Hole Physics. We have therefore described other new possible mathematical connections.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[449] viXra:2001.0519 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-23 22:19:26

The Universe is a White Hole

Authors: Michael John Sarnowski
Comments: 3 Pages.

A white hole does not allow light or matter in, a black hole does not allow light or matter to escape. If the Universe has repulsive gravity it could be a white hole. This however does not exclude the universe from being a black hole in certain respects as well. The universe could be both a black hole and a white hole. The point at which this occurs could dictate the actual limits to the universe. Robert R. Caldwell, Marc Kamionkowski, and Nevin N. Weinberg, wrote a paper Phantom Energy and Cosmic Doomsday (1). They wrote an equation for the expiration date of the universe and used an example where the expiration date of the universe is 22 billion years. In spinning sphere theory, matter is created by imperfections forming in the universe. The imperfections are absence defects similar to Shottky defects in material science.(2) It is proposed that repulsive gravity pushes on these defects out to the edge of the universe. During that time of travel to the edge of the universe, stars, galaxies, and galaxy clusters are formed and age. Over 22 billion years, the edge of the universe is reached and all matter goes into non-existence. New matter is continually formed on the interior of the universe. Old matter is destroyed at the edge of the universe. The following paper shows the equation for calculating the amount of time it takes for matter to be pushed out of the universe by repulsive gravity. In spinning sphere theory, the universe is about 3.018 billion light years in radius. If were to use the Hubble sphere radius of 13.8 billion years, the cosmic doomsday would be about 97.5 billion light years.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[448] viXra:2001.0518 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-24 02:05:43

A Boundary Operator for Simplices

Authors: Volker Thürey
Comments: 37 Pages.

We generalize the very well known boundary operator of the ordinary singular homology theory. We describe a variant of this ordinary simplicial boundary operator, where the usual boundary (n-1)-simplices of each n-simplex, i.e. the `faces´, are replaced by combinations of internal (n-1)-simplices parallel to the faces. This construction may lead to an infinte class of extraordinary non-isomorphic homology theories. Further, we show some interesting constructions on the standard simplex.
Category: Topology

[447] viXra:2001.0517 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-24 02:59:39

The Second Law, Entropy Increase and Bedini/Bearden

Authors: Jeremy Dunning-Davies, Richard Lawrence Norman
Comments: 9 Pages.

The link between the Second Law of Thermodynamics and the claim that entropy can never decrease is examined afresh in the light of the fact that the entropy of classical thermodynamics does, in fact, decrease on many occasions. Traditional attempts to deduce the idea of entropy decrease will be looked at anew and conclusions will be drawn over the existence, or otherwise, of a general rule. Within the historical context offered, a mechanism for Bearden and Bedini's demonstrated over-unity energy gains is proposed that is based in the electromagnetic science of Maxwell. Implications for thermodynamics are then deduced.
Category: Thermodynamics and Energy

[446] viXra:2001.0516 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-24 03:26:19

Light for Quantum Communication

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 64 Pages.

A team from the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory has conducted a series of experiments to gain a better understanding of quantum mechanics and pursue advances in quantum networking and quantum computing, which could lead to practical applications in cybersecurity and other areas. [42] Counter to intuition, in a new counterfactual communication protocol published in NPJ Quantum Information, scientists from the University of Vienna, the University of Cambridge and the MIT have experimentally demonstrated that in quantum mechanics this is not always true, thereby contradicting a crucial premise of communication theory. [41] One of these particles of light has the potential to serve as a carrier of the fragile quantum information, the other, as a messenger to provide prior notification of its twin. [40] Physicists at The City College of New York have used atomically thin two-dimensional materials to realize an array of quantum emitters operating at room temperature that can be integrated into next generation quantum communication systems. [39] Research in the quantum optics lab of Prof. Barak Dayan in the Weizmann Institute of Science may be bringing the development of such computers one step closer by providing the "quantum gates" that are required for communication within and between such quantum computers. [38] Calculations of a quantum system's behavior can spiral out of control when they involve more than a handful of particles. [37] Researchers from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill have reached a new milestone on the way to optical computing, or the use of light instead of electricity for computing. [36] The key technical novelty of this work is the creation of semantic embeddings out of structured event data. [35] The researchers have focussed on a complex quantum property known as entanglement, which is a vital ingredient in the quest to protect sensitive data. [34]
Category: Quantum Physics

[445] viXra:2001.0514 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-24 03:46:48

Superfluid Helium Under Confinement

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 40 Pages.

Physicists have been studying superfluid 3He under nanoscale confinement for several years now, as this unique liquid presents a rich variety of phases with complex order parameters that can be stabilized. [26] Researchers at the Weizmann Institute of Science, the University of Rome, CNRS and the University of Helsinki have recently carried out a study investigating the difference between 3-D anisotropic turbulence in classical fluids and that in superfluids, such as helium. [25] The term "superfluid quasicrystal" sounds like something a comic-book villain might use to carry out his dastardly plans. [24]
Category: Quantum Physics

[444] viXra:2001.0513 [pdf] replaced on 2020-02-06 09:03:59

The Proton Radius Puzzle Solved !

Authors: Jean Louis Van Belle
Comments: No of pages includes title page with summary and ToC

The electron-proton scattering experiment by the PRad (proton radius) team at Jefferson Lab measured the root mean square (rms) charge radius of the proton as rp = 0.831 ± 0.007(stat) ± 0.012(syst) fm. Assuming all of the electric charge in the proton is packed into a single pointlike (elementary) charge and applying the ring current model to a proton, one gets a radius for the circular current that is equal to a = 2μ/qc = 0.58736 fm. Using CODATA values for all variables and constants in this equation, and applying a √2 form factor to, somehow, account for the envelope of the magnetic field around the ring current, yields an electric charge radius of 0.8065 fm. The difference between the PRad point estimate and this theoretical value is 0.00035 fm, which represents 5% of the standard error (0.007 fm) of PRad’s point estimate. It is, therefore, hard to argue this is a mere coincidence. We can also calculate a proton radius based on the idea of a strong charge. This radius corresponds to the range parameter in Yukawa’s equation and is equal to a = ħ/mpc = 0.2103, which is about 1/4 of the PRad point estimate. This 1/4 factor is, obviously, far more mysterious, and the difference between 0.831 and this strong charge radius multiplied by 4 is 0.01 fm, which is about 50% of the combined statistical and systematic error (0.007 + 0.012 = 0.019). We, therefore, think that, while being somewhat less precise, the 1/4 factor cannot be a coincidence. We, therefore, feel the new measurement of the proton radius by JLAB’s PRad team may lend credibility to attempts to extend the Zitterbewegung hypothesis from electrons to also include protons and other elementary particles. In contrast, the measurement is hard to fit into a model of oscillating quarks that have partial charge only.
Category: Quantum Physics

[443] viXra:2001.0512 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-24 04:43:07

Generating Ultraviolet Vortices

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 34 Pages.

An international group of scientists, including Skoltech Professor Sergey Rykovanov, has found a way to generate intense "twisted" pulses. [25] A new technique developed by a team at MIT can map the complete electronic band structure of materials at high resolution. [24] Correlations between the radial positions and radial momenta of entangled pairs of photons have been measured for the first time by physicists in China, Canada and the US. [23] Researchers led by Tracy Northup at the University of Innsbruck have now built a quantum sensor that can measure light particles non-destructively. [22] A study by the Quantum Technologies for Information Science (QUTIS) group of the UPV/EHU's Department of Physical Chemistry, has produced a series of protocols for quantum sensors that could allow images to be obtained by means of the nuclear magnetic resonance of single biomolecules using a minimal amount of radiation. [21]
Category: Quantum Physics

[442] viXra:2001.0511 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-24 07:03:16

Nanoparticles Megalibrary

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 64 Pages.

Nanoparticles Megalibrary Using straightforward chemistry and a mix-and-match, modular strategy, researchers have developed a simple approach that could produce over 65,000 different types of complex nanoparticles, each containing up to six different materials and eight segments, with interfaces that could be exploited in electrical or optical applications. [41] MIT engineers have shown that they can enhance the performance of drug-delivery nanoparticles by controlling a trait of chemical structures known as chirality-the "handedness" of the structure. [40] The process, developed by Nagoya University researchers in Japan, could be upscaled for manufacturing purified batches of single-wall carbon nanotubes that can be used in high-performance electronic devices. [39] Scientists at Texas Heart Institute (THI) and Rice University have used biocompatible fibres made of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as electrical bridges to restore conductivity to damaged hearts. [38] A team of researchers from China, the U.S. and Japan has developed a way to strengthen graphene-based membranes intended for use in desalination projects-by fortifying them with nanotubes. [37] The team arrived at their results by imaging gold nanoparticles, with diameters ranging from 2 to 5 nanometres, via aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscope. [36] Nanoparticles of less than 100 nanometres in size are used to engineer new materials and nanotechnologies across a variety of sectors. [35] For years, researchers have been trying to find ways to grow an optimal nanowire, using crystals with perfectly aligned layers all along the wire. [34] Ferroelectric materials have a spontaneous dipole moment which can point up or down. [33] Researchers have successfully demonstrated that hypothetical particles that were proposed by Franz Preisach in 1935 actually exist. [32]
Category: Condensed Matter

[441] viXra:2001.0510 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-24 07:23:32

Ultrasound Disrupts Cancer Cells

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 53 Pages.

Medical engineers have proven that the unique internal structure of cancer cells can make them vulnerable to vibrations from specific frequencies of ultrasound. [34] Using the latest advances in imaging and computing, Johns Hopkins Medicine researchers have developed a framework that's able to reveal the structural and functional changes in the blood vessel network required for growth of a tumour. [33] Medical physicist Dr. Aswin Hoffmann and his team from the Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) have combined magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a proton beam, thus demonstrating for the first time that in principle, this commonly used imaging method can work with particle beam cancer treatments. [32] Washington State University researchers for the first time have shown that they can use electrical fields to gain valuable information about the tiny, floating vesicles that move around in animals and plants and are critically important to many biological functions. [31] Finding a fast and inexpensive way to detect specific strains of bacteria and viruses is critical to food safety, water quality, environmental protection and human health. [30] In the perspective, Gabor and Song collect early examples in electron metamaterials and distil emerging design strategies for electronic control from them. [29] Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) researchers are working to make better electronic devices by delving into the way nanocrystals are arranged inside of them. [28] Self-assembly and crystallisation of nanoparticles (NPs) is generally a complex process, based on the evaporation or precipitation of NP-building blocks. [27] New nanoparticle-based films that are more than 80 times thinner than a human hair may help to fill this need by providing materials that can holographically archive more than 1000 times more data than a DVD in a 10-by-10-centimeter piece of film. [26] Researches of scientists from South Ural State University are implemented within this area. [25]
Category: Physics of Biology

[440] viXra:2001.0505 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-23 15:45:30

On Some Ramanujan Equations (Mock Theta Functions and Taxicab Numbers) Linked to Various Sectors of String Theory (Brane-World) and to the Black Hole Physics: Further New Possible Mathematical Connections X.

Authors: Michele Nardelli, Antonio Nardelli
Comments: 86 Pages. UPDATED VERSION

In this research thesis, we have analyzed and deepened further Ramanujan expressions (mock theta functions and taxicab numbers) applied to some sectors of String Theory (Brane-World) and to the Black Hole Physics. We have therefore described other new possible mathematical connections.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[439] viXra:2001.0504 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-23 15:55:46

Atlantis en Polarisatie

Authors: Leon Elshout
Comments: 9 Pages. Dutch language

een verdeeld en dualistisch Atlantis met de beide Zuilen van Hercules en de vijf tweelingkoningen kunnen ons veel leren over onze eigen polarisatie. In Romeinen 16 werd een echte oecumene beschreven die vanuit een brandpunt ontstond, Kolossenzen 1:16-17. Door Leon Elshout, 21 jan. 2020, Almelo, NL, website, roodgoudvanparvaim.nl, isbn 978 90 90 324 074 via Pumbo/Parvaim
Category: Religion and Spiritualism

[438] viXra:2001.0501 [pdf] replaced on 2020-08-09 07:31:12

A Revisit of the Problems of Abhas Mitra's Eternally Collapsing Object

Authors: Chandra Prakash
Comments: 30 Pages. Title was changed and few typos were fixed

We critically review here the concepts which gave rise to the Eternally Collapsing Object (ECO) paradigm over almost 22 years. All the mathematical analysis will be dealt here to conclude the proofs required for ECO paradigm to begin with is ad-hoc. First part in rejecting black holes always considers the possibility of formation of trapped surfaces so we will begin our work by looking into ``non occurrence of trapped surfaces'' then we analyze Dr. Mitra's indirect claim regarding how R = 0 (inside black hole) could also be treated as another coordinate singularity! After that we review if indeed his another claim about ``mass of Schwarzschild black hole being zero'' is right or not. Do black holes really exist or they are just a fairy tale made by physicists to elude us into fiction? And are these so called ``Black Holes'', actually black hole or indeed as Mitra likes to call them ``Eternally Collapsing Object'' or ECO. Are ECOs really a true alternative to Black Holes? The analysis presented here will show us, why ECOs are baseless can not really a solution to black hole problem.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[437] viXra:2001.0500 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-23 00:31:17

Extending the Standard Model

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 67 Pages.

Researchers of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU) in collaboration with colleagues from the Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) and a number of German scientific organizations, calculated previously unexplored effects in atoms. [40] Do the anomalies observed in the LHCb experiment in the decay of B mesons hide hitherto unknown particles from outside the currently valid and well-tested Standard Model? [39] "There is strong experimental evidence that there is indeed some new physics lurking in the lepton sector," Dev said. [38] Now, in a new result unveiled today at the Neutrino 2018 conference in Heidelberg, Germany, the collaboration has announced its first results using antineutrinos, and has seen strong evidence of muon antineutrinos oscillating into electron antineutrinos over long distances, a phenomenon that has never been unambiguously observed. [37] The Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum Experiment (PROSPECT) has completed the installation of a novel antineutrino detector that will probe the possible existence of a new form of matter. [36] The MINERvA collaboration analyzed data from the interactions of an antineutrino-the antimatter partner of a neutrino-with a nucleus. [35] The inclusion of short-range interactions in models of neutrinoless double-beta decay could impact the interpretation of experimental searches for the elusive decay. [34] The occasional decay of neutrons into dark matter particles could solve a long-standing discrepancy in neutron decay experiments. [33] The U.S. Department of Energy has approved funding and start of construction for the SuperCDMS SNOLAB experiment, which will begin operations in the early 2020s to hunt for hypothetical dark matter particles called weakly interacting massive particles, or WIMPs. [32]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[436] viXra:2001.0499 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-23 01:05:15

Einstein’s Pseudotensor a Meaningless Concoction of Mathematical Symbols

Authors: Stephen J. Crothers
Comments: 1 Page.

In an attempt to make his General Theory of Relativity comply with the usual conservation of energy and momentum for a closed system which a vast array of experiments has ascertained, Mr. A. Einstein constructed, ad hoc, his pseudotensor. That it is not a tensor is outside the very mathematical structure of his theory. Beyond that, it violates the rules of pure mathematics. It is therefore a meaningless concoction of mathematical symbols.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[435] viXra:2001.0498 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-23 01:07:44

Photonic Bound State

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 50 Pages.

Applying bound states in the continuum (BICs) in photonic integrated circuits enables low-loss light guidance and routing in low-refractive-index waveguides on high-refractive-index substrates. [32] "The realization of such all-optical single-photon devices will be a large step towards deterministic multi-mode entanglement generation as well as high-fidelity photonic quantum gates that are crucial for all-optical quantum information processing," says Tanji-Suzuki. [31] Researchers at ETH have now used attosecond laser pulses to measure the time evolution of this effect in molecules. [30] A new benchmark quantum chemical calculation of C2, Si2, and their hydrides reveals a qualitative difference in the topologies of core electron orbitals of organic molecules and their silicon analogues. [29] A University of Central Florida team has designed a nanostructured optical sensor that for the first time can efficiently detect molecular chirality-a property of molecular spatial twist that defines its biochemical properties. [28] UCLA scientists and engineers have developed a new process for assembling semiconductor devices. [27] A new experiment that tests the limit of how large an object can be before it ceases to behave quantum mechanically has been proposed by physicists in the UK and India. [26] Phonons are discrete units of vibrational energy predicted by quantum mechanics that correspond to collective oscillations of atoms inside a molecule or a crystal. [25] This achievement is considered as an important landmark for the realization of practical application of photon upconversion technology. [24] Considerable interest in new single-photon detector technologies has been scaling in this past decade. [23] Engineers develop key mathematical formula for driving quantum experiments. [22]
Category: Quantum Physics

[434] viXra:2001.0496 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-23 02:09:38

Borexino Experiments on Geoneutrinos

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 55 Pages.

Scientists involved in the Borexino collaboration have presented new results for the measurement of neutrinos originating from the interior of the Earth. [22] If it turns out that neutrinos and antineutrinos oscillate in a different way from one another, this may partially account for the present-day matter–antimatter imbalance. [21] Studying this really interesting particle that's all around us, and yet is so hard to measure, that could hold the key to understanding why we're here at all, is exciting—and I get to do this for a living," says Mauger. [20] In the Standard Model of particle physics, elementary particles acquire their masses by interacting with the Higgs field. This process is governed by a delicate mechanism: electroweak symmetry breaking (EWSB). [19]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[433] viXra:2001.0495 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-23 02:38:32

Molecular Nano-Patterning

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 25 Pages.

Body movement, from the muscles in your arms to the neurons transporting those signals to your brain, relies on a massive collection of proteins called molecular motors. [19] Now, a team of researchers led by Dongsheng Li, a materials scientist at PNNL, and collaborators at the University of Michigan and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, have unlocked the secret to one of the most useful nanostructures: the five-fold twin. [18] The researchers have generated femtosecond laser pulses, with tailor-made, temporally varying polarizations, which are themselves chiral. [17] The scientists identified a shortlist, a kind of "periodic table" of the most designable knot types, i.e. those knots that could easily self-assemble under appropriate physical and chemical conditions. [16] Scientists have now observed for the first time how diamonds grow from seed at an atomic level, and discovered just how big the seeds need to be to kick the crystal growing process into overdrive. [15] The researchers engineered diamond strings that can be tuned to quiet a qubit's environment and improve memory from tens to several hundred nanoseconds, enough time to do many operations on a quantum chip. [14] Intel has announced the design and fabrication of a 49-qubit superconducting quantum-processor chip at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas. To improve our understanding of the so-called quantum properties of materials, scientists at the TU Delft investigated thin slices of SrIrO3, a material that belongs to the family of complex oxides. [12] New research carried out by CQT researchers suggest that standard protocols that measure the dimensions of quantum systems may return incorrect numbers. [11] Is entanglement really necessary for describing the physical world, or is it possible to have some post-quantum theory without entanglement? [10] A trio of scientists who defied Einstein by proving the nonlocal nature of quantum entanglement will be honoured with the John Stewart Bell Prize from the University of Toronto (U of T). [9] While physicists are continually looking for ways to unify the theory of relativity, which describes large-scale phenomena, with quantum theory, which describes small-scale phenomena, computer scientists are searching for technologies to build the quantum computer using Quantum Information. In August 2013, the achievement of "fully deterministic" quantum teleportation, using a hybrid technique, was reported. On 29 May 2014, scientists announced a reliable way of transferring data by quantum teleportation. Quantum teleportation of data had been done before but with highly unreliable methods. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to build the Quantum Computer with the help of Quantum Information.
Category: Physics of Biology

[432] viXra:2001.0494 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-23 02:57:23

Climate Change Path

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 60 Pages.

Since 1880, the Earth's temperature has risen by 1.9 degrees Fahrenheit and is predicted to continue rising, according to the NASA Global Climate Change website. [35] "My first reaction when NASA reached out to me was to ask if I could visit the International Space Station (ISS) to examine the patient myself," said Stephan Moll, MD, UNC School of Medicine blood clot expert and long-time NASA enthusiast. [34] The data comprising this image were gathered by the Wide Field Camera 3 aboard the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope. [33]
Category: Astrophysics

[431] viXra:2001.0493 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-23 05:01:23

Understanding Gene Expression

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 35 Pages.

A group of University of Chicago scientists has uncovered a previously unknown way that our genes are made into reality. [22] Histones are proteins that regulate the unwinding of DNA in the cell nucleus and the expression of genes based on chemical modifications or "marks" that are placed on their tails. [21] Now, in a new paper published in Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Mayo researchers have determined how one DNA repair protein gets to the site of DNA damage. [20]
Category: Physics of Biology

[430] viXra:2001.0492 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-23 05:59:39

Stars Die with Nuclear Transition

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 76 Pages.

Intermediate-mass stars expire via thermonuclear explosions, rather than gravitational collapse, according to experiments and calculations done by an international team of astrophysicists led by Oliver Kirsebom at Dalhousie University in Canada. [47] Collisions between neutron stars are fascinating cosmic events that lead to the formation of numerous chemical elements. [46] Physicists from ITMO University have developed a model of an optical tractor beam to capture particles based on new artificial materials. [45] Researchers from the Structured Light group from the School of Physics at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa, have found a way to use the full beam of a laser single cells in a human body, tiny particles in small volume chemistry, or working on future on-chip devices. [44] This research work by the UEx, which has been published in Scientific Reports, explored the electromagnetic properties of specific materials that can make certain objects invisible when they are introduced into its interior. [43] A research team from ITMO University and the Australian National University has discovered that different metasurfaces exhibit the same behavior provided a symmetry breaking is introduced to their unit cells "meta-atoms."[42] Electron microscopy has allowed scientists to see individual atoms, but even at that resolution not everything is clear. [41] A half-century ago, the theorist Walter Henneberger wondered if it were possible to use a laser field to free an electron from its atom without removing it from the nucleus. [40] A new study by researchers at the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST) may explain this disparity. In the work, the OIST researchers measured electrical current across a two-dimensional plane. [39] Femtosecond lasers are capable of processing any solid material with high quality and high precision using their ultrafast and ultra-intense characteristics. [38] To create the flying microlaser, the researchers launched laser light into a water-filled hollow core fiber to optically trap the microparticle. Like the materials used to make traditional lasers, the microparticle incorporates a gain medium. [37]
Category: Astrophysics

[429] viXra:2001.0491 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-23 07:13:51

Ghostly Particles of Light and Matter

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 40 Pages.

Exciton-polariton condensates can be tuned from more matter-like (excitonic) to more light-like (photonic), allowing for comparison with theories of equilibrium atomic (matter) condensate and of nonequilibrium quantum fluids of light. [30] Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory officially broke ground March 15 on a major new particle accelerator project that will power cutting-edge physics experiments for many decades to come. [29] The ATLAS collaboration has released its very first result utilising its entire Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Run 2 dataset, collected between 2015 and 2018. [28]
Category: Quantum Physics

[428] viXra:2001.0490 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-23 07:55:41

Extracting Uranium and Metal Ions

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 23 Pages.

Conventional processes, such as the popular PUREX process that extracts plutonium and uranium, rely heavily on solvents, extractants and extensive processing. [35] Scientists from Russia, China and the United States predicted and have now experimentally identified new uranium hydrides, predicting superconductivity for some of them. [34] Russian physicists from MIPT teamed up with foreign colleagues for a groundbreaking experimental study of a material that possesses both superconducting and ferromagnetic properties. [33] An international group of scientists, including a researcher from Skoltech, has completed an experimental and theoretical study into the properties displayed by strongly disordered superconductors at very low temperatures. [32] The researchers found that via quick-freeze technique, the metal changed into a superconducting state for over a week. [31] Scientists of the University of Twente and the University of Amsterdam now demonstrate a new property: the non-superconducting material bismuth shows lossless current conduction. [30] A team of international scientists including Maia G. Vergniory, Ikerbasque researcher at DIPC and UPV/EHU associate, has discovered a new class of materials, higher-order topological insulators. [29] A team of researchers from Japan, the U.S. and China, has identified a topological superconducting phase for possible use in an iron-based material in quantum computers. [28] Physicists have shown that superconducting circuits-circuits that have zero electrical resistance-can function as piston-like mechanical quantum engines. The new perspective may help researchers design quantum computers and other devices with improved efficiencies. [27] This paper explains the magnetic effect of the superconductive current from the observed effects of the accelerating electrons, causing naturally the experienced changes of the electric field potential along the electric wire. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the wave particle duality and the electron's spin also, building the bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The changing acceleration of the electrons explains the created negative electric field of the magnetic induction, the Higgs Field, the changing Relativistic Mass and the Gravitational Force, giving a Unified Theory of the physical forces. Taking into account the Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators also, we can explain the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions. Since the superconductivity is basically a quantum mechanical phenomenon and some entangled particles give this opportunity to specific matters, like Cooper Pairs or other entanglements, as strongly correlated materials and Exciton-mediated electron pairing, we can say that the secret of superconductivity is the quantum entanglement.
Category: Condensed Matter

[427] viXra:2001.0489 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-23 08:13:43

Metasurfaces Shape Laser Beams

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 72 Pages.

A team of researchers in France and China has now augmented the VCSEL’s capabilities by integrating a nano-patterned beam-shaping structure into each laser during wafer-scale processing. [45] NASA counted down Saturday to the launch of its $1 billion ICESat-2 mission, using advanced lasers to uncover the true depth of the melting of Earth's ice sheets. [44] Printed electronics use standard printing techniques to manufacture electronic devices on different substrates like glass, plastic films, and paper. [43] A tiny laser comprising an array of nanoscale semiconductor cylinders (see image) has been made by an all-A*STAR team. [42]
Category: Quantum Physics

[426] viXra:2001.0488 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-22 10:52:04

Diffractive Ferromagnetic Resonance

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 55 Pages.

Researchers from Diamond Light Source's Magnetic Spectroscopy Group, the University of Oxford, and ShanghaiTech University have developed a novel diffractive ferromagnetic resonance (DFMR) technique for retrieving the dynamics of individual spin modes. [34] An international team of researchers from ITMO University, the Australian National University, and Korea University have experimentally trapped an electromagnetic wave in a gallium arsenide nanoresonator a few hundred nanometers in size for a record-breaking time. [33] An international research team has found a way to make light frequency conversion at the nanoscale 100 times more efficient. [32]
Category: Condensed Matter

[425] viXra:2001.0487 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-22 10:54:42

Integration in Finite Terms

Authors: Edgar Valdebenito
Comments: 1 Page.

Elementary integral
Category: General Mathematics

[424] viXra:2001.0486 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-22 11:41:30

Ultrasensitive PET Total-Body Imaging

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 48 Pages.

The uEXPLORER is a 194-cm-long total-body PET/CT scanner developed by a research team at UC Davis and manufactured by United Imaging Healthcare of Shanghai. [36] Researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology in Berlin have discovered that the body has a receptor, which doesn't recognize bacteria themselves, but spies out their communication. [35] The research team used a microfluidic device, known as the mother machine, to localize thousands of individual bacteria in microscopic channels. [34] A new way of detecting chemicals secreted by stem cells as they differentiate into bone cells could make it possible to electrically monitor the differentiation process in real time. [33]
Category: Physics of Biology

[423] viXra:2001.0485 [pdf] replaced on 2023-03-29 18:50:48

The Reality of Free Will

Authors: Claus Janew
Comments: 16 Pages. CC-BY 4.0 / Janew, Claus. 2020. Journal of Consciousness Exploration & Research 11, no. 1: 1-16

The uniqueness of each standpoint, each point of effect, can only be "overcome" by the standpoint changing to other standpoints and returning. In such alternation, which can also appear as constant change, lies the unity of the world. The wholeness of an alternation, however, is a structure of consciousness due to the special relationship between the circumscribing periphery and the infinitesimal center. This process structure unites determinacy and indeterminacy also totally in every place. Therefore, everywhere we are dealing with forms of consciousness with more or less freedom of choice and an increasingly unknown depth. We live in a world of choosing consciousness, or rather awareness. In this respect, our environment expresses a deep truth about ourselves.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[422] viXra:2001.0484 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-22 12:56:38

Ibm Q System One

Authors: Ayah Ramahi
Comments: 4 Pages.

The objective of this survey paper is to talk about the newly released quantum computer by IBM known as Q System One, to explain its use of quantum physics principles, restrictions on its design and implementation, and its packaging. Then it talks about a particular implementation of a quantum computer core and the needed cooling system for its operation. After that, it talks about the effects of creating a quantum computer on humanity and the world, its advantages on science and other fields, but also its disadvantages regarding the security of online information.
Category: Quantum Physics

[421] viXra:2001.0483 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-22 13:07:32

On A Weaker Form Of Complete Irresoluteness

Authors: E. Ekici, Saeid Jafari
Comments: 7 Pages.

The aim of this paper is to present a new class of complete irresoluteness. The notion of completely $\delta$-semi-irresolute functions is introduced and studied.
Category: Topology

[420] viXra:2001.0482 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-22 13:09:39

On D-Sets, DS-Sets and Decompositions of Continuous, a-Continuous and AB-Continuous Functions

Authors: E. Ekici, Saeid Jafari
Comments: 10 Pages.

The main purpose of this paper is to introduce the notions of D-sets, DS-sets, D-continuity and DS-continuity and to obtain decompositions of continuous functions, A-continuous functions and AB-continuous functions. Also, properties of the classes of D-sets and DS-sets are discussed.
Category: Topology

[419] viXra:2001.0481 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-22 13:21:44

On DS*-Sets and Decompositions of Continuous Functions

Authors: E. Ekici, Saeid Jafari
Comments: 9 Pages.

In this paper, the notions of DS*-sets and DS*-continuous functions are introduced and their properties and their relationships with some other types of sets are investigated. Moreover, some new decompositions of continuous functions are obtained by using DS*-continuous functions, DS-continuous functions and D-continuous functions.
Category: Topology

[418] viXra:2001.0480 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-22 13:26:53

On a Finer Topological Space Than $\tau_ \theta$ and Some Maps

Authors: E. Ekici, Saeid Jafari, R. M. Latif
Comments: 13 Pages.

In 1943, Fomin [7] introduced the notion of θ-continuity. In 1966, the notions of θ-open subsets, θ-closed subsets and θ-closure were introduced by Veliˇcko [18] for the purpose of studying the important class of H-closed spaces in terms of arbitrary filterbases. He also showed that the collection of θ-open sets in a topological space (X, τ ) forms a topology on X denoted by τ θ (see also [12]). Dickman and Porter [4], [5], Joseph [11] continued the work of Veliˇcko. Noiri and Jafari [15], Caldas et al. [1] and [2], Steiner [16] and Cao et al [3] have also obtained several new and interesting results related to these sets. In this paper, we will offer a finer topology on X than $\tau_\theta$ by utilizing the new notions of ωθ-open and ωθ-closed sets. We will also discuss some of the fundamental properties of such sets and some related maps.
Category: Topology

[417] viXra:2001.0479 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-22 13:48:09

On Contra $\pigp$−continuous Functions

Authors: M. Caldas, Saeid Jafari, K.Viswanathan, S.Krishnaprakash
Comments: 10 Pages.

In this paper, we introduce and investigate the notion of contra $\pigp$-continuous functions by utilizing Park’s $\pigp$− closed sets [18]. We obtain fundamental properties of contra $\pigp$-continuous functions and discuss the relationships between contra $\pigp$-continuity and other related functions.
Category: Topology

[416] viXra:2001.0478 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-22 13:50:25

On Fuzzy Upper and Lower Contra-Continuous Multifunctions

Authors: M. Alimohammady, E. Ekici, Saeid Jafari, M. Roohi
Comments: 11 Pages.

This paper is devoted to the concepts of fuzzy upper and fuzzy lower contra-continuous multifunctions and also some characterizations of them are considered.
Category: Topology

[415] viXra:2001.0477 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-22 13:53:01

Fuzzy Minimal Separation Axioms

Authors: M. Alimohammady, E. Ekici, Saeid Jafari, M. Roohi
Comments: 8 Pages.

In this paper, we deal with some separation axioms in the context of fuzzy minimal structures.
Category: Topology

[414] viXra:2001.0476 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-22 14:59:18

On Various Ramanujan Equations (Mock Theta Functions and Taxicab Numbers) Linked to Some Sectors of String Theory Applied to the Black Hole Physics (Black Strings): Further New Possible Mathematical Connections Ix.

Authors: Michele Nardelli, Antonio Nardelli
Comments: 65 Pages.

In this research thesis, we have analyzed and deepened further Ramanujan expressions (mock theta functions and taxicab numbers) applied to some sectors of String Theory concerning the Black Hole Physics (black strings). We have therefore described other new possible mathematical connections.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[413] viXra:2001.0475 [pdf] replaced on 2020-02-28 12:19:12

Division by Zero

Authors: Leszek Mazurek
Comments: 51 Pages; Short Introduction -> https://vixra.org/abs/2002.0070 ; Polish version -> https://vixra.org/abs/2001.0374

This paper solves the problem of division by zero. Starting with a deep analysis of multiplication and division, it is presented that they are one in the same, as an operation. Together with the operation of selection, they are different forms of the transformation operation, that changes one pair of numbers into another pair of numbers. It is presented that the numbers are always in reference to some other numbers. Therefore, the only correct form of the number, is when it is a ratio between the certain value and the base measure, which this value is related to. It is clearly proven that the problem of division by zero is the result of unauthorized simplification, which was done by bringing all the rational numbers (which are represented by the ratio of the value to the measure) to the fractions, with a denominator of 1. This paper shows why we should not make fractions with different numerators and denominators equal, even so they seem to be in the same proportion. Finally, there are two graphs with the functions presented 1/x and tg(x) with their discontinuity points, which are visible only on the real numbers graph. This result is from projecting points of the rational numbers graph onto the real numbers graph with a denominator of 1. These discontinuity points disappear when we present our graphs in rational numbers. This paper fixes one of the foundations of mathematics and shows us how to divide by zero. This is only the first issue that was solved, but based on the proper understanding of numbers in their natural form, still many other things need to be fixed. It is still difficult to predict all the consequences, which this change can bring, to everything that was created based on this wrong foundation. Keywords: Division by zero, Real numbers, Rational numbers, Ratio, Fraction, Fixing mathematics
Category: General Mathematics

[412] viXra:2001.0474 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-22 16:37:20

The Prime Pairs Are Equidistributed Among the Coset Lattice Congruence Classes

Authors: T. Agama, M. Bortolamasim, A. Tapia
Comments: 15 Pages. submitted to Journal

In this paper we show that for some constant $c>0$ and for any $A>0$ there exist some $x(A)>0$ such that, If $q\leq (\log x)^{A}$ then we have \begin{align}\Psi_z(x;\mathcal{N}_q(a,b),q)&=\frac{\Theta (z)}{2\phi(q)}x+O\bigg(\frac{x}{e^{c\sqrt{\log x}}}\bigg)\nonumber \end{align}for $x\geq x(A)$ for some $\Theta(z)>0$. In particular for $q\leq (\log x)^{A}$ for any $A>0$\begin{align}\Psi_z(x;\mathcal{N}_q(a,b),q)\sim \frac{x\mathcal{D}(z)}{2\phi(q)}\nonumber \end{align}for some constant $\mathcal{D}(z)>0$ and where $\phi(q)=\# \{(a,b):(p_i,p_{i+z})\in \mathcal{N}_q(a,b)\}$.
Category: Number Theory

[411] viXra:2001.0473 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-22 16:40:49

Balanced Matrices

Authors: Theophilus Agama, Gael Kibiti
Comments: 14 Pages.

In this paper we introduce a particular class of matrices. We study the concept of a matrix to be balanced. We study some properties of this concept in the context of matrix operations. We examine the behaviour of various matrix statistics in this setting. The crux will be to understanding the determinants and the eigen-values of balanced matrices. It turns out that there does exist a direct communication among the leading entry, the trace, determinants and, hence, the eigen-values of these matrices of order $2\times 2$. These matrices have an interesting property that enables us to predict their quadratic forms, even without knowing their entries but given their spectrum.
Category: Algebra

[410] viXra:2001.0472 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-22 16:43:41

The Compression Method and Applications

Authors: Theophilus Agama
Comments: 13 Pages. submitted to Journal

In this paper we introduce and develop the method of compression of points in space. We introduce the notion of the mass, the rank, the entropy, the cover and the energy of compression. We leverage this method to prove some class of inequalities related to Diophantine equations. In particular, we show that for each $Ln-1$, there exist some $(x_1,x_2,\ldots,x_n)\in \mathbb{N}^n$ with $x_i\neq x_j$ for all $1\leq in-1$ there exist some $(x_1,x_2,\ldots,x_n)$ with $x_i\neq x_j$ for all $1\leq i<j\leq n$ and some $s\geq 2$ such that \begin{align}\sum \limits_{j=1}^{n}\frac{1}{x_j^s}\gg s\frac{n}{L^{s-1}}.\nonumber \end{align}
Category: Number Theory

[409] viXra:2001.0471 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-22 02:53:57

On Various Ramanujan Equations (Mock Theta Functions and Taxicab Numbers) Linked to Some Sectors of Supersymmetric String Theory Applied to the Black Hole Physics: Further New Possible Mathematical Connections Viii.

Authors: Michele Nardelli, Antonio Nardelli
Comments: 92 Pages.

In this research thesis, we have analyzed and deepened further Ramanujan expressions (mock theta functions and taxicab numbers) applied to some sectors of Supersymmetric String Theory concerning the Black Hole Physics. We have therefore described other new possible mathematical connections.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[408] viXra:2001.0470 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-22 03:45:29

Unificação de Sistemas de Forças (Modelo Ideal Para Unificação da Gravidade Com as Forças Nucleares)

Authors: Alberto Mananga Bifica
Comments: 8 Pages. Este Artigo Científico está Escrito em Português

Para que as duas forças na natureza sejam iguais, a F_e e F_g, é necessário que actuam um sistema que pode ser de duas ou mais partículas; para um sistema de duas partículas, é necessário que as duas partículas tenham propriedades eléctricas e massas para que haja interacção; neste caso, o sistema será de três partículas onde duas delas terão distinção entre propriedades eléctricas e massas e uma terceira partícula central com as duas propriedades. Todos corpos com massa M são compostos por várias entidade elementar como protão ou outras partículas. Essa massa M pode formar um único sistema que vai interagir com uma única partícula deste mesmo conjunto exercendo uma força gravitacional ou eléctrica, ou seja, um conjunto de partículas podem exercer forças entre si.
Category: Classical Physics

[407] viXra:2001.0469 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-22 05:16:03

Materials Quantum Simulator

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 74 Pages.

A new technique to study the properties of molecules and materials on a quantum simulator has been discovered. [44] Quantum simulation plays an irreplaceable role in diverse fields, beyond the scope of classical computers. [43] In a cooperative project, theorists from the the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics in Garching anf the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) have now developed a new toolbox for quantum simulators and published it in Science Advances. [42] An international team headed up by Alexander Holleitner and Jonathan Finley, physicists at the Technical University of Munich (TUM), has succeeded in placing light sources in atomically thin material layers with an accuracy of just a few nanometers. [41] The physicists, Brian Skinner at MIT, Jonathan Ruhman at MIT and Bar-Ilan University, and Adam Nahum at Oxford University, have published their paper on the phase transition for entanglement in a recent issue of Physical Review X. [40] A team of physicists from the University of Vienna and the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) introduces a novel technique to detect entanglement even in large-scale quantum systems with unprecedented efficiency. [39] Researchers at QuTech in Delft have succeeded in generating quantum entanglement between two quantum chips faster than the entanglement is lost. [38] A team led by Austrian experimental physicist Rainer Blatt has succeeded in characterizing the quantum entanglement of two spatially separated atoms by observing their light emission. [37] Researchers have demonstrated the first quantum light-emitting diode (LED) that emits single photons and entangled photon pairs with a wavelength of around 1550 nm, which lies within the standard telecommunications window. [36] JILA scientists have invented a new imaging technique that produces rapid, precise measurements of quantum behavior in an atomic clock in the form of near-instant visual art. [35]
Category: Quantum Physics

[406] viXra:2001.0468 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-22 05:21:33

Naturally Numbers Are Three Plus One Dimensional Final Version

Authors: Surajit Ghosh
Comments: 53 Pages.

Riemann hypothesis stands proved in three different ways.To prove Riemann hypothesis from the functional equation concept of Delta function is introduced similar to Gamma and Pi function. Other two proofs are derived using Eulers formula and elementary algebra. Analytically continuing gamma and zeta function to an extended domain, poles and zeros of zeta values are redefined. Hodge conjecture, BSD conjecture are also proved using zeta values. Other prime conjectures like Goldbach conjecture, Twin prime conjecture etc.. are also proved in the light of new understanding of primes. Numbers are proved to be multidimensional as worked out by Hamilton. Logarithm of negative and complex numbers are redefined using extended number system. Factorial of negative and complex numbers are redefined using values of Delta function.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[405] viXra:2001.0467 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-22 06:42:48

Unificação da Cinemática Com a Relatividade Especial

Authors: Alberto Mananga Bifica
Comments: 3 Pages. Este Artigo Científico está Escrito em Português

Ao combinar a Cinemática e a Relatividade Especial obteve-se equações que mostram como o movimento dum corpo em influenciado pela luz, isto é, em função do tempo e distância percorrida. As equações mostram que quando distância ou tempo for igual a zero, a velocidade tende também a zero; se tiverem valores que tende para infinito a velocidade a velocidade também é zero. Sendo assim, se um corpo percorrer ou aumentar a sua proporção para uma distância ou tempo infinito este tem a v=0 isto quer dizer que as variáveis s e t não influenciam no processo de expansão dos corpos ao infinito.
Category: Classical Physics

[404] viXra:2001.0466 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-22 06:43:30

Magnetic Fingerprints

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 77 Pages.

Recent studies have shown metallic objects have their own magnetic fingerprints based on size, shape and physical composition. [47] Researchers have found that certain ultra-thin magnetic materials can switch from insulator to conductor under high pressure, a phenomenon that could be used in the development of next-generation electronics and memory storage devices. [46] Transparent electronics are the future, according to researchers including José A. Flores-Livas and Miglė Graužinytė from the research group headed by Stefan Goedecker, Professor of Computational Physics at the University of Basel. [45]
Category: Condensed Matter

[403] viXra:2001.0465 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-22 07:06:39

Transformative Green Accelerator

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 55 Pages.

Scientists from Cornell University and the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) have successfully demonstrated the world's first capture and reuse of energy in a multi-turn particle accelerator, where electrons are accelerated and decelerated in multiple stages and transported at different energies through a single beamline. [33] The findings, which have been published in Science Advances, open up new ways to create and manipulate complex magnetic structures and use these structures for green IT applications. [32] Unique physical properties of these "magic knots" might help to satisfy demand for IT power and storage using a fraction of the energy. [31] A skyrmion is the magnetic version of a tornado which is obtained by replacing the air parcels that make up the tornado by magnetic spins, and by scaling the system down to the nanometre scale. [30] A new material created by Oregon State University researchers is a key step toward the next generation of supercomputers. [29] Magnetic materials that form helical structures-coiled shapes comparable to a spiral staircase or the double helix strands of a DNA molecule-occasionally exhibit exotic behavior that could improve information processing in hard drives and other digital devices. [28] In a new study, researchers have designed "invisible" magnetic sensors-sensors that are magnetically invisible so that they can still detect but do not distort the surrounding magnetic fields. [27] At Carnegie Mellon University, Materials Science and Engineering Professor Mike McHenry and his research group are developing metal amorphous nanocomposite materials (MANC), or magnetic materials whose nanocrystals have been grown out of an amorphous matrix to create a two phase magnetic material that exploits both the attractive magnetic inductions of the nanocrystals and the large electrical resistance of a metallic glass. [26] The search and manipulation of novel properties emerging from the quantum nature of matter could lead to next-generation electronics and quantum computers. [25]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[402] viXra:2001.0464 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-22 07:25:46

Metallic Nanotechnology

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 40 Pages.

Rapid progress in the field of metallic nanotechnology is sparking a science revolution that is likely to impact all areas of society, according to professor of physics Ventsislav Valev and his team at the University of Bath in the UK. [27] Now researchers in France reckon they have finally found convincing evidence for the transformation, having built new devices for pressurizing and observing tiny samples of hydrogen. [26] The phenomenon of metastability, in which a system is in a state that is stable but not the one of least energy, is widely observed in nature and technology. [25] Four decades after it was predicted, scientist create a skyrmion, and take one step towards efficient nuclear fusion. [24] While standard quantum hardware entangles particles in two states, the team has found a way to generate and entangle pairs of particles that each has 15 states. [23]
Category: Condensed Matter

[401] viXra:2001.0463 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-22 07:33:42

A Proof of Sendov's Conjecture

Authors: Theophilus Agama
Comments: 11 Pages.

In this paper we give a proof of Sendov's conjecture. We start by establishing the uniformly diminishing state of the mass of an expansion.
Category: Algebra

[400] viXra:2001.0462 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-22 07:38:39

Distribution of Boundary Points of Expansion and Application to the Lonely Runner Conjecture

Authors: Theophilus Agama
Comments: 8 Pages.

In this paper we study the distribution of boundary points of expansion. As an application, we say something about the lonely runner problem. We show that given $k$ runners $\mathcal{S}_i$ round a unit circular track with the condition that at some time $||\mathcal{S}_i-\mathcal{S}_{i+1}||=||\mathcal{S}_{i+1}-\mathcal{S}_{i+2}||$ for all $i=1,2\ldots,k-2$, then at that time we have \begin{align}||\mathcal{S}_{i+1}-\mathcal{S}_i||>\frac{\mathcal{D}(n)\pi}{k-1}\nonumber \end{align}for all $i=1,\ldots, k-1$ and where $\mathcal{D}(n)>0$ is a constant depending on the degree of a certain polynomial of degree $n$. In particular, we show that given at most eight $\mathcal{S}_i$~($i=1,2,\ldots, 8$) runners running round a unit circular track with distinct constant speed and the additional condition $||\mathcal{S}_i-\mathcal{S}_{i+1}||=||\mathcal{S}_{i+1}-\mathcal{S}_{i+2}||$ for all $1\leq i\leq 6$ at some time $s>1$, then at that time their mutual distance must satisfy the lower bound\begin{align}||\mathcal{S}_{i}-\mathcal{S}_{i+1}||>\frac{\pi}{7C\sqrt{3}}\nonumber \end{align}for some constant $C>0$ for all $1\leq i \leq 7$.
Category: Combinatorics and Graph Theory

[399] viXra:2001.0461 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-22 07:42:42

Bacterial Cells in Photo-Emission

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 26 Pages.

A team of Russian scientists working in cooperation with international colleagues used a new method combining visual microscopic observations and photoemission spectrum registration that can be used to create a map of the physical and chemical state of a cell surface. [16] Biochemists at the University of Illinois have isolated a protein supercomplex from a bacterial membrane that, like a battery, generates a voltage across the bacterial membrane. [15] Scientists from Moscow State University (MSU) working with an international team of researchers have identified the structure of one of the key regions of telomerase-a so-called "cellular immortality" ribonucleoprotein. [14] Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University used a light-sensitive iridium-palladium catalyst to make "sequential" polymers, using visible light to change how building blocks are combined into polymer chains. [13] Researchers have fused living and non-living cells for the first time in a way that allows them to work together, paving the way for new applications. [12] UZH researchers have discovered a previously unknown way in which proteins interact with one another and cells organize themselves. [11] Dr Martin Sweatman from the University of Edinburgh's School of Engineering has discovered a simple physical principle that might explain how life started on Earth. [10] Nearly 75 years ago, Nobel Prize-winning physicist Erwin Schrödinger wondered if the mysterious world of quantum mechanics played a role in biology. A recent finding by Northwestern University's Prem Kumar adds further evidence that the answer might be yes. [9] A UNSW Australia-led team of researchers has discovered how algae that survive in very low levels of light are able to switch on and off a weird quantum phenomenon that occurs during photosynthesis. [8] This paper contains the review of quantum entanglement investigations in living systems, and in the quantum mechanically modeled photoactive prebiotic kernel systems. [7] The human body is a constant flux of thousands of chemical/biological interactions and processes connecting molecules, cells, organs, and fluids, throughout the brain, body, and nervous system. Up until recently it was thought that all these interactions operated in a linear sequence, passing on information much like a runner passing the baton to the next runner. However, the latest findings in quantum biology and biophysics have discovered that there is in fact a tremendous degree of coherence within all living systems. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to understand the Quantum Biology.
Category: Physics of Biology

[398] viXra:2001.0460 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-22 07:54:05

The Theta Splitting Function

Authors: Theophilus Agama
Comments: 4 Pages.

In this paper we study the Theta splitting function $\Theta(s+1)$, a function defined on the positive integers. We study the distribution of this function for sufficiently large values of the integers. As an application we show that \begin{align}\sum \limits_{m=0}^{s}\prod \limits_{\substack{0\leq j \leq m\\\sigma:[0,m]\rightarrow [0,m]\\\sigma(j)\neq \sigma(i)}}(s-\sigma(j))\sim s^s\sqrt{s}e^{-s}\sum \limits_{m=1}^{\infty}\frac{e^m}{m^{m+\frac{1}{2}}}.\nonumber \end{align} and that \begin{align}\sum \limits_{j=0}^{s-1}e^{-\gamma j}\prod \limits_{m=1}^{\infty}\bigg(1+\frac{s-j}{m}\bigg)e^{\frac{-(s-j)}{m}}\sim \frac{e^{-\gamma s}}{\sqrt{2\pi}}\sum \limits_{m=1}^{\infty}\frac{e^m}{m^{m+\frac{1}{2}}}.\nonumber \end{align}
Category: General Mathematics

[397] viXra:2001.0457 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-22 09:11:48

Electromagnetic Wave from Charged Black Hole Merger

Authors: Domenico Oricchio
Comments: 1 Page.

I hypothesize an electromagnetic emission in the fusion of two charged black holes
Category: Astrophysics

[396] viXra:2001.0456 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-22 09:40:05

Electron Nematic Superconductivity

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 19 Pages.

Recently, physicists have observed that the two families of known high-temperature superconductors-copper-and iron-based compounds-both exhibit a unique phenomenon in which electronic degrees of freedom can break the overall crystal rotational symmetry and form what is known as the electronic nematic phase. [31] Now, Sadashige Matsuo of the RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science and colleagues have created a device called a Josephson junction, which can efficiently split these Cooper pairs as they travel from a superconductor into two one-dimensional normal conductors. [30] Using a clever technique that causes unruly crystals of iron selenide to snap into alignment, Rice University physicists have drawn a detailed map that reveals the "rules of the road" for electrons both in normal conditions and in the critical moments just before the material transforms into a superconductor. [29] Superconducting quantum microwave circuits can function as qubits, the building blocks of a future quantum computer. [28] Physicists have shown that superconducting circuits-circuits that have zero electrical resistance-can function as piston-like mechanical quantum engines. The new perspective may help researchers design quantum computers and other devices with improved efficiencies. [27] This paper explains the magnetic effect of the superconductive current from the observed effects of the accelerating electrons, causing naturally the experienced changes of the electric field potential along the electric wire. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the wave particle duality and the electron's spin also, building the bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The changing acceleration of the electrons explains the created negative electric field of the magnetic induction, the Higgs Field, the changing Relativistic Mass and the Gravitational Force, giving a Unified Theory of the physical forces. Taking into account the Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators also, we can explain the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions. Since the superconductivity is basically a quantum mechanical phenomenon and some entangled particles give this opportunity to specific matters, like Cooper Pairs or other entanglements, as strongly correlated materials and Exciton-mediated electron pairing, we can say that the secret of superconductivity is the quantum entanglement.
Category: Quantum Physics

[395] viXra:2001.0455 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-22 09:57:28

Current Vortices in 2-D Materials

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 51 Pages.

Laboratory have developed a new method to measure how photocurrents flow in a 2-D material-a result that could have implications for developing quantum sensors and next-generation electronics. [38] NIMS and Hokkaido University jointly discovered that proton transfer in electrochemical reactions is governed by the quantum tunneling effect (QTE) under the specific conditions. [37] Researchers at the University of Vienna study the relevance of quantum reference frames for the symmetries of the world. [36] Researchers in Singapore have built a refrigerator that's just three atoms big. This quantum fridge won't keep your drinks cold, but it's cool proof of physics operating at the smallest scales. [35] Researchers have created a new testing ground for quantum systems in which they can literally turn certain particle interactions on and off, potentially paving the way for advances in spintronics. [34] In 2017, University of Utah physicist Valy Vardeny called perovskite a "miracle material" for an emerging field of next-generation electronics, called spintronics, and he's standing by that assertion. [33] Scientists at Tokyo Institute of Technology proposed new quasi-1-D materials for potential spintronic applications, an upcoming technology that exploits the spin of electrons. [32] They do this by using "excitons," electrically neutral quasiparticles that exist in insulators, semiconductors and in some liquids. [31] Researchers at ETH Zurich have now developed a method that makes it possible to couple such a spin qubit strongly to microwave photons. [30] Quantum dots that emit entangled photon pairs on demand could be used in quantum communication networks. [29] Researchers successfully integrated the systems-donor atoms and quantum dots. [28] A team of researchers including U of A engineering and physics faculty has developed a new method of detecting single photons, or light particles, using quantum dots. [27]
Category: Quantum Physics

[394] viXra:2001.0454 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-22 10:21:07

Nanoresonators Trap Light

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 53 Pages.

An international team of researchers from ITMO University, the Australian National University, and Korea University have experimentally trapped an electromagnetic wave in a gallium arsenide nanoresonator a few hundred nanometers in size for a record-breaking time. [33] An international research team has found a way to make light frequency conversion at the nanoscale 100 times more efficient. [32] The precision of measuring nanoscopic structures could be substantially improved, thanks to research involving the University of Warwick and QuantIC researchers at the University of Glasgow and Heriot Watt University into optical sensing. [31] Researchers at AMOLF and the University of Texas have circumvented this problem with a vibrating glass ring that interacts with light. They thus created a microscale circulator that directionally routes light on an optical chip without using magnets. [30] Researchers have discovered three distinct variants of magnetic domain walls in the helimagnet iron germanium (FeGe). [29] Magnetic materials that form helical structures-coiled shapes comparable to a spiral staircase or the double helix strands of a DNA molecule-occasionally exhibit exotic behavior that could improve information processing in hard drives and other digital devices. [28] In a new study, researchers have designed "invisible" magnetic sensors-sensors that are magnetically invisible so that they can still detect but do not distort the surrounding magnetic fields. [27] At Carnegie Mellon University, Materials Science and Engineering Professor Mike McHenry and his research group are developing metal amorphous nanocomposite materials (MANC), or magnetic materials whose nanocrystals have been grown out of an amorphous matrix to create a two phase magnetic material that exploits both the attractive magnetic inductions of the nanocrystals and the large electrical resistance of a metallic glass. [26] The search and manipulation of novel properties emerging from the quantum nature of matter could lead to next-generation electronics and quantum computers. [25]
Category: Quantum Physics

[393] viXra:2001.0453 [pdf] replaced on 2020-01-23 14:51:08

The Metaphysics of Physics (II)

Authors: Jean Louis Van Belle
Comments: 25 Pages.

This paper complements an earlier (Nov 2018) paper on the metaphysics of physics. The earlier paper focused on an alternative (realist) interpretation of quantum mechanics. While inspired by the previous one, this follow-up paper is a much simpler one: we just offer very basic thoughts on the most fundamental physical concepts, which are the idea of force, energy and mass. Based on the recent precision measurements of the (electric) charge radius of a proton, we also argue previous reflections on the zbw radius of a proton make more sense now. Needless to say, we also offer our usual reflections on the concept of fields and messenger particles. We think the first is very useful – even if fields are relative. In contrast, we argue that the latter (the idea of virtual photons, gluons or other messenger particles) is purely metaphysical. In other words, we continue to think the idea of messenger particles is a non-scientific successor to aether theories.
Category: Quantum Physics

[392] viXra:2001.0452 [pdf] replaced on 2022-12-29 00:02:53

Unificação do Eletromagnetismo Com a Relatividade Especial
Unification of Electromagnetism with Special Relativity

Authors: Alberto Mananga Bifica
Comments: 9 Pages. Este Artigo Científico está Escrito em Português

Ao Unificar o Eletromagnetismo com a Relatividade Especial obteve-se equações explicando detalhadamente que a interação eletromagnética é causada simultaneamente pela energia, carga da matéria e espaço-tempo. O valor máximo v=c ocorre nos centros de massas dos planetas, estrelas, buracos negros e no processo contínuo de energia criar matéria e matéria se transformar em ondas que são controladas respetivamente pelas forças eletromagnéticas que criam o processo de expansão (F_e=0) e da carga de todo Universo (F_e=(πεm^2 c^4)/(Zq^2 )).

By unifying Electromagnetism with Special Relativity, equations were obtained explaining in detail that electromagnetic interaction is caused simultaneously by energy, charge of matter and space-time. The maximum value v=c occurs in the mass centers of planets, stars, black holes and in the continuous process of energy creating matter and matter transforming into waves that are respectively controlled by the electromagnetic forces that create the expansion process (F_e=0) and the charge of the entire Universe (F_e=(πεm^2 c^4)/(Zq^2 )).
Category: Classical Physics

[391] viXra:2001.0451 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-21 10:28:12

Sistema de Matriz (Método de Alberto Mananga Bifica)

Authors: Alberto Mananga Bifica
Comments: 3 Pages. Este Artigo Científico está Escrito em Português

A matriz é considerada como uma tabela que contem linhas (m) e colunas (n) dos números reais ou funções que serve para estudo de cálculos de área, equações e entre outros. O método proposto neste artigo é uma combinação do método de grammer e de Laplace válida para uma matriz de ordem três onde obtém-se somas de três matrizes de ordem dois.
Category: Algebra

[390] viXra:2001.0450 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-21 11:03:29

Photon Frequency Doubler

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 50 Pages.

A way of using light to convert a normal optical material into a frequency doubler has been developed by Mohammad Taghinejad and colleagues at the Georgia Institute of Technology. [32] "The realization of such all-optical single-photon devices will be a large step towards deterministic multi-mode entanglement generation as well as high-fidelity photonic quantum gates that are crucial for all-optical quantum information processing," says Tanji-Suzuki. [31] Researchers at ETH have now used attosecond laser pulses to measure the time evolution of this effect in molecules. [30] A new benchmark quantum chemical calculation of C2, Si2, and their hydrides reveals a qualitative difference in the topologies of core electron orbitals of organic molecules and their silicon analogues. [29] A University of Central Florida team has designed a nanostructured optical sensor that for the first time can efficiently detect molecular chirality-a property of molecular spatial twist that defines its biochemical properties. [28] UCLA scientists and engineers have developed a new process for assembling semiconductor devices. [27] A new experiment that tests the limit of how large an object can be before it ceases to behave quantum mechanically has been proposed by physicists in the UK and India. [26] Phonons are discrete units of vibrational energy predicted by quantum mechanics that correspond to collective oscillations of atoms inside a molecule or a crystal. [25] This achievement is considered as an important landmark for the realization of practical application of photon upconversion technology. [24] Considerable interest in new single-photon detector technologies has been scaling in this past decade. [23] Engineers develop key mathematical formula for driving quantum experiments. [22]
Category: Quantum Physics

[389] viXra:2001.0449 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-21 11:27:05

Nickelate Superconductor

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 18 Pages.

The discovery last year of the first nickel oxide material that shows clear signs of superconductivity set off a race by scientists around the world to find out more. [31] Now, Sadashige Matsuo of the RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science and colleagues have created a device called a Josephson junction, which can efficiently split these Cooper pairs as they travel from a superconductor into two one-dimensional normal conductors. [30] Using a clever technique that causes unruly crystals of iron selenide to snap into alignment, Rice University physicists have drawn a detailed map that reveals the "rules of the road" for electrons both in normal conditions and in the critical moments just before the material transforms into a superconductor. [29] Superconducting quantum microwave circuits can function as qubits, the building blocks of a future quantum computer. [28] Physicists have shown that superconducting circuits-circuits that have zero electrical resistance-can function as piston-like mechanical quantum engines. The new perspective may help researchers design quantum computers and other devices with improved efficiencies. [27] This paper explains the magnetic effect of the superconductive current from the observed effects of the accelerating electrons, causing naturally the experienced changes of the electric field potential along the electric wire. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the wave particle duality and the electron's spin also, building the bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The changing acceleration of the electrons explains the created negative electric field of the magnetic induction, the Higgs Field, the changing Relativistic Mass and the Gravitational Force, giving a Unified Theory of the physical forces. Taking into account the Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators also, we can explain the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions. Since the superconductivity is basically a quantum mechanical phenomenon and some entangled particles give this opportunity to specific matters, like Cooper Pairs or other entanglements, as strongly correlated materials and Exciton-mediated electron pairing, we can say that the secret of superconductivity is the quantum entanglement.
Category: Quantum Physics

[388] viXra:2001.0448 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-21 11:45:26

Distributed Sensing Quantum Network

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 53 Pages.

Inspired by these studies, researchers at the Technical University of Denmark and the University of Copenhagen have recently carried out an experiment investigating the advantages of using an entangled quantum network to sense an averaged phase shift among multiple distributed nodes. [33] In recent years, nanofabricated mechanical oscillators have emerged as a promising platform for quantum information applications. [32] Quantum communication, which ensures absolute data security, is one of the most advanced branches of the "second quantum revolution". [31] Researchers at the University of Bristol's Quantum Engineering Technology Labs have demonstrated a new type of silicon chip that can help building and testing quantum computers and could find their way into your mobile phone to secure information. [30] Theoretical physicists propose to use negative interference to control heat flow in quantum devices. [29] Particle physicists are studying ways to harness the power of the quantum realm to further their research. [28] A fundamental barrier to scaling quantum computing machines is "qubit interference." In new research published in Science Advances, engineers and physicists from Rigetti Computing describe a breakthrough that can expand the size of practical quantum processors by reducing interference. [26] The search and manipulation of novel properties emerging from the quantum nature of matter could lead to next-generation electronics and quantum computers. [25]
Category: Quantum Physics

[387] viXra:2001.0447 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-21 12:39:11

Spins of Light Computing

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 54 Pages.

A laser system that generates spinning light particles could lead to the strong kind of computational power needed to solve complex biological problems. [34] Inspired by these studies, researchers at the Technical University of Denmark and the University of Copenhagen have recently carried out an experiment investigating the advantages of using an entangled quantum network to sense an averaged phase shift among multiple distributed nodes. [33] In recent years, nanofabricated mechanical oscillators have emerged as a promising platform for quantum information applications. [32] Quantum communication, which ensures absolute data security, is one of the most advanced branches of the "second quantum revolution". [31] Researchers at the University of Bristol's Quantum Engineering Technology Labs have demonstrated a new type of silicon chip that can help building and testing quantum computers and could find their way into your mobile phone to secure information. [30] Theoretical physicists propose to use negative interference to control heat flow in quantum devices. [29] Particle physicists are studying ways to harness the power of the quantum realm to further their research. [28] A fundamental barrier to scaling quantum computing machines is "qubit interference." In new research published in Science Advances, engineers and physicists from Rigetti Computing describe a breakthrough that can expand the size of practical quantum processors by reducing interference. [26] The search and manipulation of novel properties emerging from the quantum nature of matter could lead to next-generation electronics and quantum computers. [25]
Category: Quantum Physics

[386] viXra:2001.0446 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-21 12:55:59

Detecting Light Particle Dark Matter

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 57 Pages.

Drawing inspiration from this model, researchers at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory in California have recently devised a new strategy that could directly detect light particle dark matter that has long-ranged interactions with ordinary matter. [32] An international team of scientists that includes University of California, Riverside, physicist Hai-Bo Yu has imposed conditions on how dark matter may interact with ordinary matter-constraints that can help identify the elusive dark matter particle and detect it on Earth. [31] A Multiverse-where our Universe is only one of many-might not be as inhospitable to life as previously thought, according to new research. [30]
Category: Astrophysics

[385] viXra:2001.0445 [pdf] replaced on 2020-04-27 14:10:58

The Riemann Hypothesis is false

Authors: Viola Maria Grazia
Comments: 1 Page.

In this page I talk about convergence of zeta function.
Category: Number Theory

[384] viXra:2001.0444 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-21 14:13:06

My Research Basic Questions (I)

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 16 Pages.

This paper tries to summarize the main ideas and questions in my previous papers - It's just a guide through my papers – and I add some data for references which can be used in planets data analysis
Category: Astrophysics

[383] viXra:2001.0443 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-21 14:38:58

Experimental Set-up to Check the Decreasing of the Gravitational Mass in Metallic Discs Subjected to an Alternating Voltage of Extremely Low Frequency.

Authors: Fran De Aquino
Comments: 5 Pages.

A very simple experimental arrangement is proposed here in order to check the decreasing of the Gravitational Mass in Metallic Discs subjected to an alternating voltage of extremely low frequency (ELF).
Category: Condensed Matter

[382] viXra:2001.0442 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-21 14:39:32

Executive Cyber Policy Directives in the Post 9/11 Era

Authors: Alee Corrales
Comments: 26 Pages.

Following the September 11th terror attacks in New York City and Washington, D.C., policymakers in the United States began placing a stronger emphasis on cybersecurity and terror prevention. Due to the rapidly changing nature of cybersecurity, it was difficult to quickly address all the cybersecurity threats looming over the United States. Early efforts to improve cybersecurity included the establishment of the Department of Homeland Security to organize cyber threat data across various agencies. Several pieces of data-sharing legislation were circulating through Congress at this time, as well. Soon after, the U.S.A. Patriot Act became law. President Obama prioritized cybersecurity during his administration, and President Trump is prioritizing the issue, as well. This research paper finds the aforementioned policies implemented after the 9/11 attacks to be successfully detecting online communication between terrorist actors and protecting the cybersecurity interests of the United States.
Category: Social Science

[381] viXra:2001.0441 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-21 14:45:54

Reviewing the Reviewers: a Case Study of the Diocesan Review Board of the Catholic Diocese of Dallas

Authors: Alee Corrales
Comments: 15 Pages.

Compared to other Catholic Dioceses in metropolitan areas in the United States, the Catholic Diocese of Dallas is taking a less-transparent approach to child sexual abuse allegations made internally. The main objective of the Diocesan Review Board of the Diocese of Dallas is to make recommendations to the Bishop of Dallas regarding child sexual abuse allegations. Therefore, this research will seek to address the following: What is the structure and function of the Diocesan Review Board of the Diocese of Dallas, and how can the procedures of the Diocesan Review Board reviewing allegations of child sexual abuse be made more transparent? Due to the autonomy of each Diocesan Review Board, there is a need for this research in the academic community because it identifies policies and practices of the Diocesan Review Board in Dallas, which can then be utilized to establish a baseline between other Catholic Dioceses and, perhaps, even lead to an analysis of best practices and implementations of Diocesan Review Boards. With a contextual section explaining Canon Law and government statutes, a literature review of scholarly sources discussing diocesan review boards, and methodology of the proposed research, this thesis proposal makes evident there is a need to further investigate the Diocesan Review Board of the Diocese of Dallas.
Category: Social Science

[380] viXra:2001.0439 [pdf] replaced on 2020-01-23 14:55:14

Planck’s Constant and the Elementary Charge

Authors: Steve Smith
Comments: 3 Pages.

It appears that the current value for the Planck constant which took effect on the 20th May 2019 by the BIPM is erroneous resulting in many errors. It is currently assumed that there exists a certain immutability of physical constants which may or may not be dimensionless quantities, for example ratios between quantities of like dimensions. Subsequent changes in physical constants cannot be considered meaningful if it results in a change of observational evidence.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[379] viXra:2001.0438 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-21 16:38:08

Vague Direct Product in BCK- Algebra

Authors: Saeid Jafari, L. Mariapresenti, I. Arockiarani
Comments: 8 Pages.

In this paper, the notion of direct product of vague set in BCK- algebra is introduced and some related properties are investigated. Also we introduce some of the properties of direct product of finite vague ideal and vague subalgebras of BCK- algebras.
Category: Algebra

[378] viXra:2001.0437 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-21 16:42:34

Operations on Neutrosophic Vague Graphs

Authors: N. Durga, S. Satham Hussain, Saeid Jafari, Said Broumi
Comments: 26 Pages.

In this manuscript, the operations on neutrosophic vague graphs are introduced. Moreover, Cartesian product, cross product, lexicographic product, strong product and composition of neutrosophic vague graph are investigated and the proposed concepts are illustrated with examples.
Category: Combinatorics and Graph Theory

[377] viXra:2001.0436 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-21 16:45:41

Some Fundamental Properties of Preseparated Sets

Authors: M. Caldas, E. Ekici, Saeid Jafari
Comments: 6 Pages.

In this paper, we o®er the new notion of preseparatedness in topological spaces and we study some of its fundamental properties.
Category: Topology

[376] viXra:2001.0435 [pdf] replaced on 2022-03-01 16:36:44

Proof Fermat Last Theorem (Using 6 Methods)

Authors: Mantzakouras Nikos
Comments: 26 Pages.

The Pythagorean theorem is perhaps the best known theorem in the vast world of mathematics.A simple relation of square numbers, which encapsulates all the glory of mathematical science, isalso justifiably the most popular yet sublime theorem in mathematical science. The starting pointwas Diophantus’ 20 th problem (Book VI of Diophantus’ Arithmetica), which for Fermat is for n= 4 and consists in the question whether there are right triangles whose sides can be measuredas integers and whose surface can be square. This problem was solved negatively by Fermat inthe 17 th century, who used the wonderful method (ipse dixit Fermat) of infinite descent. Thedifficulty of solving Fermat’s equation was first circumvented by Willes and R. Taylor in late1994 ([1],[2],[3],[4]) and published in Taylor and Willes (1995) and Willes (1995). We presentthe proof of Fermat’s last theorem and other accompanying theorems in 4 different independentways. For each of the methods we consider, we use the Pythagorean theorem as a basic principleand also the fact that the proof of the first degree Pythagorean triad is absolutely elementary anduseful. The proof of Fermat’s last theorem marks the end of a mathematical era; however, theurgent need for a more educational proof seems to be necessary for undergraduates and students ingeneral. Euler’s method and Willes’ proof is still a method that does not exclude other equivalentmethods. The principle, of course, is the Pythagorean theorem and the Pythagorean triads, whichform the basis of all proofs and are also the main way of proving the Pythagorean theorem in anunderstandable way. Other forms of proofs we will do will show the dependence of the variableson each other. For a proof of Fermat’s theorem without the dependence of the variables cannotbe correct and will therefore give undefined and inconclusive results . It is, therefore, possible to prove Fermat's last theorem more simply and equivalently than the equation itself, without monomorphisms.
Category: Algebra

[375] viXra:2001.0434 [pdf] replaced on 2020-04-12 09:10:35

Philosophical and Computational Thoughts on Why We Love Music

Authors: Tariq Khan
Comments: 3 Pages.

Examining the nature of music and a song with observers or listeners compared to concepts of intelligence and computation and quantum mechanical analogies to reality.
Category: History and Philosophy of Physics

[374] viXra:2001.0433 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-20 21:11:19

01 Super Quasars

Authors: Vladimir Pastushenko
Comments: 45 Pages. http://pva1.mya5.ru

The modern physical theory, with the modern facts of reality, cannot be created in Euclidean axiomatics. The physics of the future can and has to be created in new technology of theories. Namely, in axioms of dynamic space matter the which fixed, special case there is an Euclidean axiomatics of space time. Here, in axioms of dynamic space matter, the uniform theory of all mathematical and physical theories, with opportunities of researches of power levels of singularity of a set of Rji (n) of objects of singularity, in the quantum Olji system (m) of coordinates, dynamic space matter of all Universe is submitted.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[373] viXra:2001.0432 [pdf] replaced on 2020-08-28 02:03:37

Ehd and Electrostatic Propulsion Using Multiplexed Electrodes

Authors: T. Saiki
Comments: 6 Pages.

Electro hydro dynamic (EHD) and electrostatic propulsion devices has no moving parts and, in the air, operates on electrical energy. Theory on the improvement of capacitance by multiplexing the electrodes of the capacitor was reported. It has been experimentally shown that the multiplexing of the electrodes improves the accumulated charge. This can be applied to an EHD device, and experiments showed that multiplexing of the electrode edges could improve the propulsion.
Category: Classical Physics

[372] viXra:2001.0431 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-21 01:45:01

Some Studies on Neutrosophic Decision Making

Authors: Shyamal Dalapati
Comments: 180 Pages.

Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Science) of Indian Institute of Engineering, Science and Technology, Shibpur by Shyamal Dalapati Department of Mathematics Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur P.O. Botanic Garden, Howrah - 711103, India July, 2018
Category: General Mathematics

[371] viXra:2001.0430 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-21 04:17:14

Sweat Sensor Replace Blood Tests

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 59 Pages.

"Considering that abnormal circulating nutrients and metabolites are related to a number of health conditions, the information collected from such wearable sensors will be invaluable for both research and medical treatment," Gao concludes. [37] A team of researchers from Massachusetts Institute of Technology has designed a new surgical tool that is maneuverable through some of the narrowest twisting networks of blood vessels to help treat stroke and aneurysm. [37] A new paper in Nature Photonics from researchers at CU Boulder details impressive improvements in the ability to control the propagation and interaction of light in complex media such as tissue-an area with many potential applications in the medical field. [36] The new microscopes, known as mesoSPIMs, can image the minute detail of brain tissue down to individual neurons, and can uncover the 3-D anatomy of entire small organs faster than ever before. [35] A team of researchers from Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology has found that they could use an optical tweezer array of laser-cooled molecules to observe ground state collisions between individual molecules. [34] Researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have replicated one of the most well-known electromagnetic effects in physics, the Hall Effect, using radio waves (photons) instead of electric current (electrons). [33] A team of researchers from Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology has found that they could use an optical tweezer array of laser-cooled molecules to observe ground state collisions between individual molecules. [32] "With optical tweezers, you can capture a single particle in its native state in solution and watch its structural evolution," said Linda Young, Argonne distinguished fellow. [31] The optical tweezer is revealing new capabilities while helping scientists understand quantum mechanics, the theory that explains nature in terms of subatomic particles. [30] In the perspective, Gabor and Song collect early examples in electron metamaterials and distil emerging design strategies for electronic control from them. [29]
Category: Physics of Biology

[370] viXra:2001.0429 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-21 04:35:01

Faster Breast Cancer Radiotherapy

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 39 Pages.

Faster Breast Cancer Radiotherapy Accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) is non-inferior to conventional whole-breast irradiation in preventing breast tumour recurrence, according to long-term findings of a trial of over 2100 women. [24] The Pt nanoreactor was designed with a controlled core-shell structure and morphology for the visual detection of metabolic biomarkers and direct laser desorption/ionization MS fingerprinting of the native serum. [23] Nuclear technology companies Phoenix and SHINE Medical Technologies have achieved a new world record for a nuclear fusion reaction in a steady-state system, the strongest of its kind ever produced on Earth. [22]
Category: Physics of Biology

[369] viXra:2001.0428 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-21 05:39:40

Protein Structure Fight Asthma

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 51 Pages.

Biophysicists from the MIPT Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases have teamed up with colleagues from Canada, the U.S., Japan, France, and Germany to shed light on the structure and functioning mechanism of the CysLT receptors, which regulate inflammatory responses associated with allergic disorders. [34] These will then produce the proteins themselves, without the cell functions being disturbed: cells, structures or their activities thus become visible under the microscope. [33] Measuring optical blood flow in the resting human brain to detect spontaneous activity has for the first time been demonstrated by Wright State University imaging researchers, holding out promise for a better way to study people with autism, Alzheimer's and depression. [32]
Category: Physics of Biology

[368] viXra:2001.0427 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-21 06:55:07

Cloud-Moving System to Regulate Climate

Authors: Xue Gong, Weilin Xu
Comments: 6 Pages.

Here we introduce a design of a cost-effective cloud-moving system (CMS) in sky to tune the distribution of water resource in large scale and then regulate the climate on Earth. With it, the extreme weathers, such as drought and flood, could be relieved.
Category: Climate Research

[367] viXra:2001.0426 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-21 06:54:24

Physics Explain Democratic Elections

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 44 Pages.

It may seem surprising, but theories and formulas derived from physics turn out to be useful tools for understanding the ways democratic elections work, including how these systems break down and how they could be improved. [28] Electrons whizzing around each other and humans crammed together at a political rally don't seem to have much in common, but researchers at Cornell are connecting the dots. [27] Now a group of actual physicists from Australia and Switzerland have proposed a device which uses the quantum tunneling of magnetic flux around a capacitor, breaking time-reversal symmetry. [26] The arrow of time and the accelerated expansion are two fundamental empirical facts of the universe. [25] The intensive, worldwide search for dark matter, the missing mass in the universe, has so far failed to find an abundance of dark, massive stars or scads of strange new weakly interacting particles, but a new candidate is slowly gaining followers and observational support. [24] "We invoke a different theory, the self-interacting dark matter model or SIDM, to show that dark matter self-interactions thermalize the inner halo, which ties ordinary dark matter and dark matter distributions together so that they behave like a collective unit." [23] Technology proposed 30 years ago to search for dark matter is finally seeing the light. [22] They're looking for dark matter-the stuff that theoretically makes up a quarter of our universe. [21] Results from its first run indicate that XENON1T is the most sensitive dark matter detector on Earth. [20]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[366] viXra:2001.0425 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-21 07:12:54

Physics Imperfections Make Perfect

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 46 Pages.

Northwestern University researchers have added a new dimension to the importance of diversity. For the first time, physicists have experimentally demonstrated that certain systems with interacting entities can synchronize only if the entities within the system are different from one another. [29] It may seem surprising, but theories and formulas derived from physics turn out to be useful tools for understanding the ways democratic elections work, including how these systems break down and how they could be improved. [28] Electrons whizzing around each other and humans crammed together at a political rally don't seem to have much in common, but researchers at Cornell are connecting the dots. [27] Now a group of actual physicists from Australia and Switzerland have proposed a device which uses the quantum tunneling of magnetic flux around a capacitor, breaking time-reversal symmetry. [26] The arrow of time and the accelerated expansion are two fundamental empirical facts of the universe. [25] The intensive, worldwide search for dark matter, the missing mass in the universe, has so far failed to find an abundance of dark, massive stars or scads of strange new weakly interacting particles, but a new candidate is slowly gaining followers and observational support. [24] "We invoke a different theory, the self-interacting dark matter model or SIDM, to show that dark matter self-interactions thermalize the inner halo, which ties ordinary dark matter and dark matter distributions together so that they behave like a collective unit." [23] Technology proposed 30 years ago to search for dark matter is finally seeing the light. [22] They're looking for dark matter-the stuff that theoretically makes up a quarter of our universe. [21]
Category: Quantum Physics

[365] viXra:2001.0424 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-21 07:32:29

The Photoelectric X-Ray Experiment and Possible Proof of De-Broglie Bohm Theory

Authors: Ajinkya Naik
Comments: 13 Pages.

Photoelectric effect and the production of X-Rays in Cathode Ray Tube are two correlated phenomena. It is quite surprising to note that there has been no substantial attention given to this correlation. It is possible to bridge these two separate processes, enabling us to study the quantum interactions which occur naturally. A modified version of Photoelectric setup can be used, in which the ejected photoelectrons with high energies travel to the anode. A heavy metal viz. Tungsten is used as anode, which produces X-Rays due to photoelectronic collisions with anode. The photoelectrons are assumed to be non-relativistic and a relation is obtained between the De-Broglie Wavelength of the photoelectrons (λ_e) and the wavelength of X-Rays (λ_x) such that λ_x=Ψ〖λ_e〗^2. The connection of results with a possible proof of De-Broglie Bohm Hypothesis is then discussed in Final Discussion.
Category: Quantum Physics

[364] viXra:2001.0423 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-21 08:13:16

A EQUAÇÃO Unificadora do Tudo

Authors: JosÊniod Dos Anjos
Comments: 1 Page. QUALQUER POSTULADO PÓSTUMO UTILIZANDO ESTA EQUAÇÃO, DEPENDE DE AUTORIZAÇÃO DO AUTOR.

O LAPSO DE LOUCURA DE UM GÊNIO, EXPOSTA EM UMA EQUAÇÃO. A SOLUÇÃO FINAL DE TODO MISTÉRIO DA FÍSICA E COSMOLOGIA.
Category: Astrophysics

[363] viXra:2001.0422 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-21 08:44:23

On the Various Ramanujan Equations (Mock Theta Functions and Taxicab Numbers) Linked to Some Sectors of String Theory (Black Branes) and Black Hole Physics: Further New Possible Mathematical Connections Vii.

Authors: Michele Nardelli, Antonio Nardelli
Comments: 82 Pages.

In this research thesis, we have analyzed and deepened further Ramanujan expressions (mock theta functions and taxicab numbers) applied to some sectors of String Theory (black branes) and Black Hole Physics. We have therefore described other new possible mathematical connections.
Category: Number Theory

[362] viXra:2001.0421 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-20 10:54:29

Ferroelectric Nanoelectronics

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 50 Pages.

A UNSW study published today in Nature Communications presents an exciting step towards domain-wall nanoelectronics: a novel form of future electronics based on nano-scale conduction paths, and which could allow for extremely dense memory storage. [29] Two research groups from ETH Zurich have developed a method that can simulate nanoelectronics devices and their properties realistically, quickly and efficiently. [28] Dispersible electrodes based on gold-coated magnetic nanoparticles modified with DNA can detect microRNA in unprocessed blood samples at extremely low concentrations and over a broad range-a first for sensors of this kind. [27] Engineers at the University of California San Diego have developed neutrophil "nanosponges" that can safely absorb and neutralize a variety of proteins that play a role in the progression of rheumatoid arthritis. [26] An international team of researchers has determined the function of a new family of proteins associated with cancer and autism. [25] In 2016, when we inaugurated our new IBM Research lab in Johannesburg, we took on this challenge and are reporting our first promising results at Health Day at the KDD Data Science Conference in London this month. [24] The research group took advantage of a system at SLAC's Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) that combines machine learning-a form of artificial intelligence where computer algorithms glean knowledge from enormous amounts of data-with experiments that quickly make and screen hundreds of sample materials at a time. [23] Researchers at the UCLA Samueli School of Engineering have demonstrated that deep learning, a powerful form of artificial intelligence, can discern and enhance microscopic details in photos taken by smartphones. [22] Such are the big questions behind one of the new projects underway at the MIT-IBM Watson AI Laboratory, a collaboration for research on the frontiers of artificial intelligence. [21] The possibility of cognitive nuclear-spin processing came to Fisher in part through studies performed in the 1980s that reported a remarkable lithium isotope dependence on the behavior of mother rats. [20]
Category: Condensed Matter

[361] viXra:2001.0420 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-20 11:33:21

Laser Diode UV Light

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 63 Pages.

Nagoya University scientists, in cooperation with Asahi Kasei Corporation, have designed a laser diode that emits deep-ultraviolet light, and have published a paper in the journal Applied Physics Express. [44] A team of researchers is using ultrasonic nondestructive testing (NDT) that involves amplifying the signal from a photoacoustic laser source using laser-absorbing patch made from an array of nanoparticles from candle soot and polydimethylsiloxane. [43] An explosion is a complex event involving quickly changing temperatures, pressures and chemical concentrations. [42]
Category: Quantum Physics

[360] viXra:2001.0419 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-20 11:42:21

Mathematical Demonstration of Riemann Hypothesis

Authors: Francisco Moga Moscoso, Marina Moga Lozano
Comments: 5 Pages. email for contact: mmoga@uma.es. Book and copyright: Desdedondetodocomienza

A possible demonstrations of the riemann hypothesis based on every infinite complex solution of zeta function of Riemann ζ(s) with it is conjugated root, can also be used to be the solution of a quadratic equation of real coefficients which admits it as zeros, using the root theorem of Viete.
Category: General Mathematics

[359] viXra:2001.0418 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-20 11:54:29

Laser Based on Quantum Mechanics

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 62 Pages.

"The new theory opens the door to exploiting the rich phenomenology of these effects in the design of new types of ML lasers, which could lead to new functionalities and uses, especially in areas such as precision metrology or optical communications," Germán de Valcárcel explained. [44] A team of researchers is using ultrasonic nondestructive testing (NDT) that involves amplifying the signal from a photoacoustic laser source using laser-absorbing patch made from an array of nanoparticles from candle soot and polydimethylsiloxane. [43] An explosion is a complex event involving quickly changing temperatures, pressures and chemical concentrations. [42]
Category: Quantum Physics

[358] viXra:2001.0417 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-20 12:32:50

The Horizon of Two Interacting Bodies

Authors: Lluís Bel
Comments: 4 Pages.

Two concomitant Whitehead's models are used to describe the gravitational interaction of two point-like particles. If the two masses are different, and they are at rest, Newton's laws are slightly modified and for some particular values of the two masses and the distance separating them the force is a repulsion. This suggests a nice interpretation of the so-called horizon of the single particle model as the surface where gravitation becomes a repulsive force.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[357] viXra:2001.0416 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-20 13:07:59

Camera Takes 1 Trillion Frames

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 63 Pages.

A little over a year ago, Caltech's Lihong Wang developed the world's fastest camera, a device capable of taking 10 trillion pictures per second. It is so fast that it can even capture light traveling in slow motion. [45] "The new theory opens the door to exploiting the rich phenomenology of these effects in the design of new types of ML lasers, which could lead to new functionalities and uses, especially in areas such as precision metrology or optical communications," Germán de Valcárcel explained. [44] A team of researchers is using ultrasonic nondestructive testing (NDT) that involves amplifying the signal from a photoacoustic laser source using laser-absorbing patch made from an array of nanoparticles from candle soot and polydimethylsiloxane. [43] An explosion is a complex event involving quickly changing temperatures, pressures and chemical concentrations. [42] A team led by University of Utah physicists has discovered how to fix a major problem that occurs in lasers made from a new type of material called quantum dots. [41] A team of researchers from the University of Central Florida and Michigan Technological University has developed a laser system concept built on the principles of supersymmetry. [40] Laser physicists have succeeded in reducing the acquisition time for data required for reliable characterization of multidimensional electron motions by a factor of 1000. [39] Princeton researchers have demonstrated a new way of making controllable "quantum wires" in the presence of a magnetic field, according to a new study published in Nature. [38] Physicists at the Kastler Brossel Laboratory in Paris have reached a milestone in the combination of cold atoms and nanophotonics. [37] The universal laws governing the dynamics of interacting quantum particles are yet to be fully revealed to the scientific community. [36] Now NIST scientists have designed a vacuum gauge that is small enough to deploy in commonly used vacuum chambers. [35]
Category: Quantum Physics

[356] viXra:2001.0415 [pdf] replaced on 2020-08-16 11:29:42

Review of Global Warming Urban Heat Island Forcing Issues Unaddressed by IPCC Suggestions Including CO2 Doubling Estimates

Authors: Alec Feinberg
Comments: 9 Pages. Key Words: Urban Heat Islands, Albedo Forcing, Hydro-hotspots, Highly Evaporating Surfaces, C02, Humidity Forcing, Rainwater management, Albedo Modeling, Ocean Evaporation, City Evaporation Rates

In this paper we provide a review Urban Heat Island (UHI) important forcing effects related to albedo, humidity and rain water management issues unaddressed by IPCC suggestions. We first review historical global warming forcing trends by comparing CO2 prediction to Urban Heat Islands (UHIs) complex forcing influences. We review both CO2 and UHI forcing influence indicating that both can predict similar warming trends. In order to provide a more up to date investigate we present alternate results of recent studies. We then reviewed many other complex issues of UHIs pointing out additional related solar heating problems including humidity forcing and warm rain-water management from highly evaporating hot surfaces. Our review concludes that IPCC CO2 suggestions are not adequate to address the urgent need to reduce the rapid global warming trend. More drastic measures are needed, specifically a concerted worldwide geoengineering solar solution, including cool roofs, better UHI design, and reductions of known hotspots to reverse trends and prevent a tipping point.
Category: Climate Research

[355] viXra:2001.0414 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-20 13:28:14

Terahertz Laser Beam Record

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 63 Pages.

Terahertz radiation is used for security checks at airports, for medical examinations and also for quality checks in industry. [45] "The new theory opens the door to exploiting the rich phenomenology of these effects in the design of new types of ML lasers, which could lead to new functionalities and uses, especially in areas such as precision metrology or optical communications," Germán de Valcárcel explained. [44] A team of researchers is using ultrasonic nondestructive testing (NDT) that involves amplifying the signal from a photoacoustic laser source using laser-absorbing patch made from an array of nanoparticles from candle soot and polydimethylsiloxane. [43]
Category: Quantum Physics

[354] viXra:2001.0413 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-20 14:48:07

World-Universe Model - Alternative to Big Bang Model

Authors: Vladimir S. Netchitailo
Comments: 23 Pages.

This manuscript provides a comparison of the Hypersphere World-Universe Model (WUM) with the prevailing Big Bang Model (BBM) of the Standard Cosmology. The performed analysis of BBM shows that the Four Pillars of the Standard Cosmology are model-dependent and not strong enough to support the model. The angular momentum problem is one of the most critical problem in BBM. Standard Cosmology cannot explain how Galaxies and Extra Solar systems obtained their substantial orbital and rotational angular momenta, and why the orbital momentum of Jupiter is considerably larger than the rotational momentum of the Sun. WUM is the only cosmological model in existence that is consistent with the Law of Conservation of Angular Momentum. To be consistent with this Fundamental Law, WUM discusses in detail the Beginning of the World. The Model introduces Dark Epoch (spanning from the Beginning of the World for 0.4 billion years) when only Dark Matter Particles (DMPs) existed, and Luminous Epoch (ever since for 13.8 billion years). Big Bang discussed in Standard Cosmology is, in our view, transition from Dark Epoch to Luminous Epoch due to Rotational Fission of Overspinning Dark Matter (DM) Supercluster’s Cores. WUM envisions Matter carried from the Universe into the World from the fourth spatial dimension by DMPs. Ordinary Matter is a byproduct of DM annihilation. WUM solves a number of physical problems in contemporary Cosmology and Astrophysics through DMPs and their interactions: Angular Momentum problem in birth and subsequent evolution of Galaxies and Extrasolar systems – how do they obtain it; Fermi Bubbles – two large structures in gamma-rays and X-rays above and below Galactic center; Diversity of Gravitationally-Rounded Objects in Solar system; some problems in Solar and Geophysics [1]. WUM reveals Inter-Connectivity of Primary Cosmological Parameters and calculates their values, which are in good agreement with the latest results of their measurements.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[353] viXra:2001.0412 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-20 16:40:58

On Certain Types of Notions Via Preopen Sets

Authors: Saeid Jafari
Comments: 8 Pages.

In this paper, we deal with the new class of pre-regular p-open sets in which the notion of preopen set is involved. We characterize these sets and study some of their fundamental properties. We also present two other notions called extremally $p$-discreteness and locally $p$-indiscreteness by utilizing the notions of preopen and preclosed sets by which we obtain some equivalence relations for pre-regular p-open sets. Moreover, we define the notion of regular $p$-open sets by utilizing the notion of pre-regular p-open sets. We investigate some of the main properties of these sets and study their relations to pre-regular $p$-open sets.
Category: Topology

[352] viXra:2001.0411 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-20 16:59:18

Bioperations on $\alpha$-Separations Axioms in Topological Spaces

Authors: Alias B. Khalaf, Saeid Jafari, Hariwan Z. Ibrahim
Comments: 15 Pages.

In this paper, we consider the class of $\alpha_{[\gamma, \gamma']}generalized closed set in topological spaces and investigate some of their properties. We also present and study new separation axioms by using the notions of $\alpha$-open and $\alpha$-bioperations. Also, we analyze the relations with some well known separation axioms.
Category: Topology

[351] viXra:2001.0410 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-20 17:03:09

G*bp-Continuous, Almost G*bp-Continuous and Weakly G*bp-Continuous Functions

Authors: Alias B. Khalaf, Suzan N. Dawod, Saeid Jafari
Comments: 19 Pages.

In this paper we introduce new types of functions called g*bp-continuous function, almost g*bp-continuous function, and weakly g*bp-continuous function in topological spaces and study some of their basic properties and relations among them.
Category: Topology

[350] viXra:2001.0409 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-20 17:06:58

A Note on Properties of Hypermetric Spaces

Authors: Mohsen Alimohammady, Saeid Jafari, Seithuti P. Moshokoa, Morteza Koozehgar Kalleji
Comments: 12 Pages.

The note studies further properties and results of analysis in the setting of hypermetric spaces. Among others, we present some results concerning the hyper uniform limit of a sequence of continuous functions, the hypermetric identication theorem and the metrization problem for hypermetric space.
Category: Topology

[349] viXra:2001.0408 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-20 17:13:57

On Generalized Closed Sets and Generalized Pre-Closed Sets in Neutrosophic Topological Spaces

Authors: Wadei Al-Omeri, Saeid Jafari
Comments: 12 Pages.

In this paper, the concept of generalized neutrosophic pre-closed sets and generalized neutrosophic pre-open sets are introduced. We also study relations and various properties between the other existing neutrosophic open and closed sets. In addition, we discuss some applications of generalized neutrosophic pre-closed sets, namely neutrosophic pT_{1/2} space and neutrosophic gpT_{1/2} space. The concepts of generalized neutrosophic connected spaces, generalized neutrosophic compact spaces and generalized neutrosophic extremally disconnected spaces are established. Some interesting properties are investigated in addition to giving some examples.
Category: Topology

[348] viXra:2001.0407 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-20 17:20:57

Bipolar Vague a-Ideals of Bci-Algebras

Authors: Cicily Flora, S., Arockiarani, I., Saeid Jafari
Comments: 7 Pages.

The notion of bipolar vague A-ideals of BCI-algebra is introduced and their properties are investigated. Characterizations of bipolar vague A-ideals are given. Relationship between bipolar vague ideal and the newly defined ideals are analyzed. Moreover, we studied some equivalent conditions for bipolar vague A-ideals. Finally, we prove a result in bipolar A-ideal using bipolar vague level cut.
Category: Algebra

[347] viXra:2001.0406 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-20 17:23:28

Soft Interval Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Semi-Pre Generalized Closed Sets

Authors: A.Arokia Lancy, I. Arockiarani, Saeid Jafari
Comments: 9 Pages.

The purpose of this paper is to introduce some generalized closed sets of general topology to soft interval valued intuitionistic fuzzy topology. In particular the soft interval valued intuitionistic fuzzy semi-pre generalized closed sets along with its characterization are discussed.
Category: Topology

[346] viXra:2001.0405 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-20 17:26:53

Intuitionistic Fuzzy Ideals on Approximation Systems

Authors: H. Jude Immaculate, Saeid Jafari, I.Arockiarani
Comments: 10 Pages.

In this paper, we initiate the concept of intuitionistic fuzzy ideals on rough sets. Using a new relation we discuss some of the algebraic nature of intuitionistic fuzzy ideals of a ring.
Category: Topology

[345] viXra:2001.0404 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-20 18:17:28

On a Function Modeling $n$-Step Self Avoiding Walk

Authors: Theophilus Agama
Comments: 6 Pages.

We introduce and study the needle function. We prove that this function is a function modeling $n$-step self avoiding walk. We show that the total length of the $l$-step self-avoiding walk modeled by this function is of the order \begin{align}\ll \frac{n^{\frac{3}{2}}}{2}\bigg(\mathrm{\max}\{\mathrm{sup}(x_j)\}_{1\leq j\leq \frac{l}{2}}+\mathrm{max}\{\mathrm{sup}(a_j)\}_{1\leq j\leq \frac{l}{2}}\bigg).\nonumber \end{align}
Category: Combinatorics and Graph Theory

[344] viXra:2001.0403 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-19 18:48:00

Planck Length and Third Amendment to the Rayleigh-Jeans Law

Authors: S. V. Miheev
Comments: 7 Pages.

It is shown that the minimum wavelength is approximately equal to the Planck length. To prove the exact equality, it is necessary to find an analytical solution of a certain integral = 1 /(8*Pi)^2 . The calculations are based: on a previously obtained dependence of the temperature of zero oscillations on the maximum and minimum wavelengths of standing oscillations in the cavity; on the previously calculated fraction of thermal fluctuations in the critical energy density (1/4); and on the law of Stefan – Boltzmann. It is assumed that thermal and zero-point vibrations are held in the cavity by their own gravitational field, and the wavelength of these oscillations is quantized. The critical frequency is determined above which corrections arise associated with the quantization of the wavelength of oscillations. The corrections are obtained: the Rayleigh – Jeans law, the formula for the distribution of the energy density of zero-point vibrations over frequencies, the Planck formula, and the Stefan – Boltzmann law. It is shown that corrections that reduce the energy density of zero-point vibrations by 120 orders of magnitude are almost impossible to detect in laboratory experiments with thermal radiation. I apologize for spreading false information that the minimum wavelength is significantly greater than the Planck length. My attempts to find a solution by adjusting the parameters led to errors.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[343] viXra:2001.0402 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-19 19:33:35

A Distributed Algorithm for Brute Force Password Cracking on n Processors

Authors: Roman Bahadursingh
Comments: 3 Pages.

A Password P, can be defined as a hash of x symbols .A brute force password cracking algorithm will go through every possible combination of symbols from 1 – x symbols. This form of password cracker takes O(n) time to solve, where n is the number of possible combinations, achieved by sn where s is the number of symbols available for a password. Having a password cracker with multiple processors, having the processors instead of all checking from symbol 0 to the last symbol, using a more decentralized approach can greatly improve the speed of this computation to O(n/2) for two processors, O(n/3) for three processors and O(n/np) as a generalized formula. This algorithm also allows for multiple processors of different clock speeds to also crack a password in more optimal time.
Category: Data Structures and Algorithms

[342] viXra:2001.0401 [pdf] replaced on 2022-03-14 22:56:05

The Hybrid Time Clock as a Function of Gravity

Authors: Stephen H. Jarvis
Comments: 14 Pages.

This paper follows on from the preceding papers [1-15] in detailing how time is a function of gravity using what is termed the “hybrid time clock” as a standardized construct of measurement for time for the purpose of understanding the concept of space and associated phenomena of energy and mass and light. This paper will take the concept of the hybrid time clock and associated equation from paper 15 ([15]: p11, eq8) and present its case as “the” integral function of G (gravity) directly associating it to EM (electromagnetism) as the phi-quantum wave-function as accounted for in the preliminary papers [1-15].
Category: Mathematical Physics

[341] viXra:2001.0400 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-20 01:56:39

On the Meaning of Relativity in Contemporary Physics

Authors: Daniele Sasso
Comments: 24 Pages.

The paper examines the evolution of the concept of relativity from origins, in the 17th century, to this day. Doubtless the concept of relativity has undergone a substantial change that misrepresents the concept that instead expresses in its essence the fact that laws and equations of physics do not depend on the inertial reference frame and on the inertial observer. The principle of relativity hence is valid only for inertial reference frames and observers who move with constant relative motion. For all inertial observers the same laws of physics and the same equations are valid, it doesn’t mean nevertheless for them also the same mathematical solutions are valid when these solutions depend on inertial velocity of a second reference frame with respect to the reference frame supposed at rest.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[340] viXra:2001.0399 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-20 01:56:22

Neutron Spectroscopy Data Resolution

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 24 Pages.

"As far as we know, this is the first published work showing an application of super resolution to neutrons. We're at the forefront of an exciting new trend that will help other neutron scattering facilities improve their own data resolution as well," said Lin. [14] Coupled with SNS, the world's most powerful pulsed accelerator-based neutron source, VENUS will be the only open research facility platform in the US to provide time-of-flight neutron imaging capabilities to users from academia and industry. [13] A spallation neutron source has been used by physicists in Japan to search for possible violations of the inverse square law of gravity. [12] Physicists have proposed a way to test quantum gravity that, in principle, could be performed by a laser-based, table-top experiment using currently available technology. [11] Now however, a new type of materials, the so-called Weyl semimetals, similar to 3-D graphene, allow us to put the symmetry destructing quantum anomaly to work in everyday phenomena, such as the creation of electric current. [10] Physicist Professor Chunnong Zhao and his recent PhD students Haixing Miao and Yiqiu Ma are members of an international team that has created a particularly exciting new design for gravitational wave detectors. [9] A proposal for a gravitational-wave detector made of two space-based atomic clocks has been unveiled by physicists in the US. [8] The gravitational waves were detected by both of the twin Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) detectors, located in Livingston, Louisiana, and Hanford, Washington, USA. [7] A team of researchers with the University of Lisbon has created simulations that indicate that the gravitational waves detected by researchers with the LIGO project, and which are believed to have come about due to two black holes colliding, could just have easily come from another object such as a gravaster (objects which are believed to have their insides made of dark energy) or even a wormhole. In their paper published in Physical Review Letters, the team describes the simulations they created, what was seen and what they are hoping to find in the future. [6] In a landmark discovery for physics and astronomy, international scientists said Thursday they have glimpsed the first direct evidence of gravitational waves, or ripples in space-time, which Albert Einstein predicted a century ago. [5] Scientists at the National Institute for Space Research in Brazil say an undiscovered type of matter could be found in neutron stars (illustration shown). Here matter is so dense that it could be 'squashed' into strange matter. This would create an entire 'strange star'-unlike anything we have seen. [4] The changing acceleration of the electrons explains the created negative electric field of the magnetic induction, the electromagnetic inertia, the changing relativistic mass and the Gravitational Force, giving a Unified Theory of the physical forces. Taking into account the Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators also, we can explain the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[339] viXra:2001.0398 [pdf] replaced on 2020-02-07 05:54:00

On the Polarization of Gravitational Waves

Authors: Paul R. Gerber
Comments: 3 Pages. Argumentation somewhat more detailed, with respect to the first version

It is argued that transversal waves in the geometry of space-time, as postulated by General Relativity, violate translation symmetry within phase planes of a planar wave. Consequently, it is proposed that a corresponding test of transversality is performed, which should have become possible with the increasing number of registered events of gravitational waves. This would provide a independent, new, and essential test of General Relativity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[338] viXra:2001.0397 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-20 06:26:00

Operation Approach of $g\star$-Closed Sets in Ideal Topological Spaces

Authors: Saeid Jafari, A. Sevakumar, M. Parimala
Comments: 5 Pages.

In this article we introduce $(I; \gamma)$ -$g\star$-closed sets in topological spaces and also introduce $\gamma g\star$-$T_I$-spaces and investigate some of their properties.
Category: Topology

[337] viXra:2001.0396 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-20 06:30:01

Regularity and Normality Via $\beta \theta$-Open Sets

Authors: M. Caldas, Saeid Jafari
Comments: 18 Pages.

The aim of this paper is to present and study a new type of regularity and normality called $\beta \theta$-regularity and $\beta \theta$-normality, repectively by using $\beta \theta$-open sets.
Category: Topology

[336] viXra:2001.0395 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-20 06:34:28

On the Class of Semipre-$\theta$-Open Sets in Topological Spaces

Authors: M. Caldas, Saeid Jafari, T. Noiri
Comments: 17 Pages.

In this paper we consider the class of $\beta \theta$-open sets in topological spaces and investigate some of their properties. We also present and study some weak separation axioms by involving the notion of $\beta \theta$-open sets.
Category: Topology

[335] viXra:2001.0394 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-20 06:40:49

New Types of Continuous Functions Via $G \~$ \alpha$-Open Sets

Authors: Saeid Jafari, A. Selvakumar
Comments: 16 Pages.

In this paper , we will continue the study of related irresolute functions with $G \~$ \alpha$-open sets [6]. We introduce and study the notion of completely $G \~$ \alpha$-irresolute functions. Further, we discuss the notion of $G \~$ \alpha$-quotient functions and study some of their properties.
Category: Topology

[334] viXra:2001.0393 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-20 06:45:34

$mi$-Open Sets and Quasi-$mi$-Open Sets in Terms of Minimal Ideal Topological Spaces

Authors: Saeid Jafari, M. Parimala
Comments: 14 Pages.

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new type of open sets called mI-open sets and quasi-$mI$-open sets in minimal ideal topological spaces and investigate the relation between minimal structure space and minimal ideal structure spaces. Basic properties and characterizations related to these sets are given.
Category: Topology

[333] viXra:2001.0392 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-20 06:49:56

Some Properties of $g\~$$\alpha$-Closed Graphs

Authors: Saeid Jafari, A. Selvakumar
Comments: 15 Pages.

R.Devi et al. [4] introduced the concept of $g\~$$\alpha$-open sets. In this paper, we introduce and study some properties of functions with ultra $g\~$$\alpha$-closed graphs and strongly $g\~$$\alpha$-closed graphs by utilizing $g\~$$\alpha$-open sets and the eg-closure operator.
Category: Topology

[332] viXra:2001.0391 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-20 06:53:57

Contra $g\~$$\alpha$-Continuous Functions

Authors: Saeid Jafari, A. Selvakumar
Comments: 20 Pages.

The concept of $g\~$$\alpha$-closed sets in a topological space are introduced by R. Devi et. al. [4]. In this paper, we introduce the notion of contra $g\~$$\alpha$-continuous functions utilizing $g\~$$\alpha$-open sets and study some of its applications.
Category: Topology

[331] viXra:2001.0390 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-20 06:59:47

On New Type of Sets in Ideal Topological Spaces

Authors: A. Selvakumar, Saeid Jafari
Comments: 19 Pages.

In this paper, we introduce the notion of $I_{g~\alpha}$ -closed sets in ideal topological spaces and investigate some of their properties. Further, we introduce the concept of mildly $I_{g~\alpha}$- closed sets and $I_{g~\alpha}$-normal space.
Category: Topology

[330] viXra:2001.0389 [pdf] replaced on 2020-01-22 05:56:28

The Correct Formulas of the Experiment of Michelson-Morley

Authors: Louiz Akram
Comments: 4 Pages. explained better

When the light photons bounce off a moving mirror, they react with its atoms to be reflected, consequently, the photons change their velocity vector after each impact depending on the velocity vector of the mirror and thus of the atom. The Michelson-Morley experiment was the event that changed the modern science about "the light" by leading to Lorentz and Einstein's theories about time. I made the formulas of the Michelson-Morley experiment by considering the effects of the reflection on the light and The rate (percentage) of fringe shift calculated by the formulas which I demonstrated is perfectly null. As a result not all physics must be wrong ,but only a principle that Einstein and Lorentz stated by fixing the light speed for all observers, which makes us study light in a very difficult way. The formulas demonstrated in this work allow us to study the light as a normal wave and to understand easily all the other light effects without being obliged to use any relativity of the time.
Category: Classical Physics

[329] viXra:2001.0388 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-20 07:03:27

Nano $g\~$$\alpha$-Closed Sets in Nano Topological Spaces

Authors: A. Selvakumar, Saeid Jafari
Comments: 10 Pages.

The basic objective of this paper is to introduce and investigate the properties of Nano $g\~$$\alpha$-closed sets in Nano topological spaces.
Category: Topology

[328] viXra:2001.0386 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-20 07:11:43

$g\~$$\alpha$-Closed Sets in Terms of Grills

Authors: A. Selvakumar, Saeid Jafari
Comments: 7 Pages.

In this paper, we define the $g\~$$\alpha$($\theta$)-convergence and $g\~$$\alpha$($\theta$)-adherence using the concept of grills and study some of their properties.
Category: Topology

[327] viXra:2001.0385 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-20 07:14:38

$g\~$$\alpha$-Closed Sets in Topological Spaces

Authors: R. Devi, A. Selvakumar, Saeid Jafari
Comments: 9 Pages.

In this paper, we introduce the notion of $g\~$$\alpha$-closed sets in topological spaces and investigate some of their basic properties.
Category: Topology

[326] viXra:2001.0384 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-20 07:15:17

Dark Energy Survey Results

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 52 Pages.

The Dark Energy Survey (DES) program uses the patterns of cosmic structure as seen in the spatial distribution of hundreds of millions of galaxies to reveal the nature of "dark energy," the source of cosmic acceleration. [32] Key components for the sky-mapping Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI), weighing about 12 tons, were hoisted atop the Mayall Telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory (KPNO) near Tucson, Arizona, and bolted into place Wednesday, marking a major project milestone. [31]
Category: Astrophysics

[325] viXra:2001.0383 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-20 07:19:09

Weak Separation Axioms Via Pre-Regular $p$-Open Sets

Authors: M. Caldas, Saeid Jafari, T. Noiri, M. S. Sarsak
Comments: 19 Pages.

In this paper, we obtain new separation axioms by using the notion of $(\delta; p)$-open sets introduced by Jafari [3] via the notion of pre-regular $p$-open sets [2].
Category: Topology

[324] viXra:2001.0382 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-20 07:26:21

$**gα$ Closed and $**gα$ Open Sets in the Digital Plane

Authors: M. Vigneshwaran1, Saeid Jafari, S. E. Han
Comments: 19 Pages.

Digital topology was first studied in the late 1970’s by the computer analysis researcher Azriel Rosenfeld [15]. In this paper we derive some of the properties of **gα-open and **gα-closed sets in the digital plane. Moreover, we show that the Khalimsky line $(Z^{2}, K^{2})$ is not an αT_1/2*** space. Also we prove that the family of all **gα-open sets of $(Z^2, K^2)$, say $**GαO(Z^2, K^2)$, forms an alternative topology of Z2 and the topological space (Z2, $**G\alpha O(Z^2, K^2))$ is a T_1/2 space. Moreover, we derive the properties of *gα-closed and *gα-open sets in the digital plane via the singleton’s points
Category: Topology

[323] viXra:2001.0381 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-20 07:31:08

C# Application to Deal with Neutrosophic $g \alpha$-Closed Sets in Neutrosophic Topology

Authors: S. Saranya, M. Vigneshwaran, Saeid Jafari
Comments: 12 Pages.

In this paper, we have developed a C# application for finding the values of the complement, union, intersection and the inclusion of any two neutrosophic sets in the neutrosophic field by using .NET Framework, Microsoft Visual Studio and C# Programming Language. In addition to this, the system can find neutrosophic topology ($\tau$ ), neutrosophic $g \alpha$-closed sets and neutrosophic $g \alpha$-closed sets in each resultant screens. Also this computer based application produces the complement values of each neutrosophic closed sets.
Category: Topology

[322] viXra:2001.0380 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-20 07:54:37

Brain Transplant Telescopes

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 59 Pages.

It will enable Australian researchers to do more ambitious research despite the increasing radio-frequency interference from radio transmitters, make more discoveries, and perhaps understand some more of the mysteries of the universe. [32] Key components for the sky-mapping Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI), weighing about 12 tons, were hoisted atop the Mayall Telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory (KPNO) near Tucson, Arizona, and bolted into place Wednesday, marking a major project milestone. [31]
Category: Astrophysics

[321] viXra:2001.0379 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-20 08:13:59

LHCb Explores Lepton Universality

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 67 Pages.

The LHCb collaboration has reported an intriguing new result in its quest to test a key principle of the Standard Model called lepton universality. [40] Do the anomalies observed in the LHCb experiment in the decay of B mesons hide hitherto unknown particles from outside the currently valid and well-tested Standard Model? [39] "There is strong experimental evidence that there is indeed some new physics lurking in the lepton sector," Dev said. [38] Now, in a new result unveiled today at the Neutrino 2018 conference in Heidelberg, Germany, the collaboration has announced its first results using antineutrinos, and has seen strong evidence of muon antineutrinos oscillating into electron antineutrinos over long distances, a phenomenon that has never been unambiguously observed. [37] The Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum Experiment (PROSPECT) has completed the installation of a novel antineutrino detector that will probe the possible existence of a new form of matter. [36] The MINERvA collaboration analyzed data from the interactions of an antineutrino-the antimatter partner of a neutrino-with a nucleus. [35] The inclusion of short-range interactions in models of neutrinoless double-beta decay could impact the interpretation of experimental searches for the elusive decay. [34] The occasional decay of neutrons into dark matter particles could solve a long-standing discrepancy in neutron decay experiments. [33] The U.S. Department of Energy has approved funding and start of construction for the SuperCDMS SNOLAB experiment, which will begin operations in the early 2020s to hunt for hypothetical dark matter particles called weakly interacting massive particles, or WIMPs. [32] Thanks to low-noise superconducting quantum amplifiers invented at the University of California, Berkeley, physicists are now embarking on the most sensitive search yet for axions, one of today's top candidates for dark matter. [31]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[320] viXra:2001.0378 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-20 08:25:01

Protein Mimics Antiaging Effects

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 37 Pages.

Scientists are just beginning to understand the cellular processes that lead to aging and slow healing in skin cells. [23] A new method allows researchers to systematically identify specialized proteins that unpack DNA inside the nucleus of a cell, making the usually dense DNA more accessible for gene expression and other functions. [22] Bacterial systems are some of the simplest and most effective platforms for the expression of recombinant proteins. [21]
Category: Physics of Biology

[319] viXra:2001.0377 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-20 08:26:37

On the Various Ramanujan Equations (Rogers-Ramanujan Continued Fractions) Linked to Some Sectors of String Theory and Particle Physics: Further New Possible Mathematical Connections Vi.

Authors: Michele Nardelli, Antonio Nardelli
Comments: 97 Pages.

In this research thesis, we have analyzed and deepened further Ramanujan expressions applied to some sectors of String Theory and Particle Physics. We have therefore described other new possible mathematical connections.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[318] viXra:2001.0376 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-20 10:09:54

On a Certain Identity Involving the Gamma Function

Authors: Theophilus Agama
Comments: 8 Pages.

The goal of this paper is to prove the identity \begin{align}\sum \limits_{j=0}^{\lfloor s\rfloor}\frac{(-1)^j}{s^j}\eta_s(j)+\frac{1}{e^{s-1}s^s}\sum \limits_{j=0}^{\lfloor s\rfloor}(-1)^{j+1}\alpha_s(j)+\bigg(\frac{1-((-1)^{s-\lfloor s\rfloor +2})^{1/(s-\lfloor s\rfloor +2)}}{2}\bigg)\nonumber \\ \bigg(\sum \limits_{j=\lfloor s\rfloor +1}^{\infty}\frac{(-1)^j}{s^j}\eta_s(j)+\frac{1}{e^{s-1}s^s}\sum \limits_{j=\lfloor s\rfloor +1}^{\infty}(-1)^{j+1}\alpha_s(j)\bigg)=\frac{1}{\Gamma(s+1)},\nonumber \end{align}where \begin{align}\eta_s(j):=\bigg(e^{\gamma (s-j)}\prod \limits_{m=1}^{\infty}\bigg(1+\frac{s-j}{m}\bigg)\nonumber \\e^{-(s-j)/m}\bigg)\bigg(2+\log s-\frac{j}{s}+\sum \limits_{m=1}^{\infty}\frac{s}{m(s+m)}-\sum \limits_{m=1}^{\infty}\frac{s-j}{m(s-j+m)}\bigg), \nonumber \end{align}and \begin{align}\alpha_s(j):=\bigg(e^{\gamma (s-j)}\prod \limits_{m=1}^{\infty}\bigg(1+\frac{s-j}{m}\bigg)e^{-(s-j)/m}\bigg)\bigg(\sum \limits_{m=1}^{\infty}\frac{s}{m(s+m)}-\sum \limits_{m=1}^{\infty}\frac{s-j}{m(s-j+m)}\bigg),\nonumber \end{align}where $\Gamma(s+1)$ is the Gamma function defined by $\Gamma(s):=\int \limits_{0}^{\infty}e^{-t}t^{s-1}dt$ and $\gamma =\lim \limits_{n\longrightarrow \infty}\bigg(\sum \limits_{k=1}^{n}\frac{1}{k}-\log n\bigg)=0.577215664\cdots $ is the Euler-Mascheroni constant.
Category: Functions and Analysis

[317] viXra:2001.0374 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-19 12:35:05

Division by Zero Dzielenie Przez Zero

Authors: Leszek Mazurek
Comments: 49 Pages, English version -> https://vixra.org/abs/2001.0475

This paper solves the problem of division by zero. Starting with a deep analysis of multiplication and division, it is presented that they are one in the same, as an operation. Together with the operation of selection, they are different forms of the transformation operation, that changes one pair of numbers into another pair of numbers. It is presented that the numbers are always in reference to some other numbers. Therefore, the only correct form of the number, is when it is a ratio between the certain value and the base measure, which this value is related to. It is clearly proven that the problem of division by zero is the result of unauthorized simplification, which was done by bringing all the rational numbers (which are represented by the ratio of the value to the measure) to the fractions, with a denominator of 1. This paper shows why we should not make fractions with different numerators and denominators equal, even so they seem to be in the same proportion. Finally, there are two graphs with the functions presented 1/x and tg(x) with their discontinuity points, which are visible only on the real numbers graph. This result is from projecting points of the rational numbers graph onto the real numbers graph with a denominator of 1. These discontinuity points disappear when we present our graphs in rational numbers. This paper fixes one of the foundations of mathematics and shows us how to divide by zero. This is only the first issue that was solved, but based on the proper understanding of numbers in their natural form, still many other things need to be fixed. It is still difficult to predict all the consequences, which this change can bring, to everything that was created based on this wrong foundation. Keywords: Division by zero, Real numbers, Rational numbers, Ratio, Fraction, Fixing mathematics
Category: General Mathematics

[316] viXra:2001.0373 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-19 17:17:51

Point-Free Topological Monoids and Hopf Algebras on Locales and Frames

Authors: C. Özel, P. Linker, M. Al Shumrani, Saeid Jafari
Comments: 4 Pages.

In this note, we are intended to offer some theoretical consideration concerning the introduction of point-free topological monoids on the locales and frames. Moreover, we define a quantum group on locales by utilizing the Drinfeld-Jimbo group.
Category: Topology

[315] viXra:2001.0371 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-19 18:15:22

Possible Solution to Hidden Variable(s) in Context of String Theory and Logic

Authors: John Peel
Comments: 22 Pages. Hopefully interesting - proofs cuold follow

The assumption is that a length (angle etc) can vary and be constant simultaneously. This is extended to say that the infinite can be reduced to a constant - essentially a decision. This is in the context of the proposed existence of strings and their connection to curves.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[314] viXra:2001.0370 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-19 01:54:04

Proteins on a Neuron's Surface

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 55 Pages.

Scientists have found a new way to home in on the proteins covering a particular cell's surface. The feat offers insight into how brain cells form intricate networks during development. [34] In a recent report, Mengke Yang and colleagues at the Brain Research Instrument Innovation Center, Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Systems Neuroscience and Optical System Advanced Manufacturing Technology in China, Germany and the U.K. developed a new technique named the multiarea two-photon real-time in vitro explorer (MATRIEX). [33] Measuring optical blood flow in the resting human brain to detect spontaneous activity has for the first time been demonstrated by Wright State University imaging researchers, holding out promise for a better way to study people with autism, Alzheimer's and depression. [32]
Category: Physics of Biology

[313] viXra:2001.0369 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-19 03:09:06

Protein Positioning Technique

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 59 Pages.

A research team at Kobe University has developed a method of artificially controlling the anchorage position of target proteins in engineered baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). [35] Scientists have found a new way to home in on the proteins covering a particular cell's surface. The feat offers insight into how brain cells form intricate networks during development. [34] In a recent report, Mengke Yang and colleagues at the Brain Research Instrument Innovation Center, Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Systems Neuroscience and Optical System Advanced Manufacturing Technology in China, Germany and the U.K. developed a new technique named the multiarea two-photon real-time in vitro explorer (MATRIEX). [33]
Category: Physics of Biology

[312] viXra:2001.0368 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-19 03:43:08

Decoy Molecule Neutralizes Arenaviruses

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 60 Pages.

Dr. Hadas Cohen-Dvashi, a member of the Diskin lab, led the next stage of the research, in which she "surgically removed" the very tip of the rodent receptor to which the virus binds and engineered it onto part of an antibody. [36] A research team at Kobe University has developed a method of artificially controlling the anchorage position of target proteins in engineered baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). [35] Scientists have found a new way to home in on the proteins covering a particular cell's surface. The feat offers insight into how brain cells form intricate networks during development. [34]
Category: Physics of Biology

[311] viXra:2001.0367 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-19 04:16:27

Heat-Insulating and Heat-Conducting

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 35 Pages.

Scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research (MPI-P) in Mainz and the University of Bayreuth have now jointly developed and characterized a novel, extremely thin and transparent material that has different thermal conduction properties depending on the direction. [23] Heat pipes are devices to keep critical equipment from overheating. They transfer heat from one point to another through an evaporation-condensation process and are used in everything from cell phones and laptops to air conditioners and spacecraft. [22] Now, researchers from the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS) have developed an algorithm that can discover and optimize these materials in a matter of months, relying on solving quantum mechanical equations, without any experimental input. [21] Researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have developed a new technology for switching heat flows 'on' or 'off'. [20] Thermoelectric materials can use thermal differences to generate electricity. Now there is an inexpensive and environmentally friendly way of producing them with the simplest tools: a pencil, photocopy paper, and conductive paint. [19] A team of researchers with the University of California and SRI International has developed a new type of cooling device that is both portable and efficient. [18] Thermal conductivity is one of the most crucial physical properties of matter when it comes to understanding heat transport, hydrodynamic evolution and energy balance in systems ranging from astrophysical objects to fusion plasmas. [17] Researchers from the Theory Department of the MPSD have realized the control of thermal and electrical currents in nanoscale devices by means of quantum local observations. [16] Physicists have proposed a new type of Maxwell's demon-the hypothetical agent that extracts work from a system by decreasing the system's entropy-in which the demon can extract work just by making a measurement, by taking advantage of quantum fluctuations and quantum superposition. [15] Pioneering research offers a fascinating view into the inner workings of the mind of 'Maxwell's Demon', a famous thought experiment in physics. [14]
Category: Thermodynamics and Energy

[310] viXra:2001.0366 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-19 04:46:28

Machine Learning Ancient Past

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 46 Pages.

A team of researchers affiliated with several institutions in China and two in the U.S. has developed a way to use machine learning to get a better look at the past. In their paper published in the journal Science, the group describes how they used machine learning to analyze records of the past. [28] Bioinformatics researchers at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf (HHU) and the University of California at San Diego (UCSD) are using machine learning techniques to better understand enzyme kinetics and thus also complex metabolic processes. [27] DNA regions susceptible to breakage and loss are genetic hot spots for important evolutionary changes, according to a Stanford study. [26] For the English scientists involved, perhaps the most important fact is that their DNA read was about twice as long as the previous record, held by their Australian rivals. [25] Researchers from the University of Chicago have developed a high-throughput RNA sequencing strategy to study the activity of the gut microbiome. [24] Today a large international consortium of researchers published a complex but important study looking at how DNA works in animals. [23] Asymmetry plays a major role in biology at every scale: think of DNA spirals, the fact that the human heart is positioned on the left, our preference to use our left or right hand ... [22] Scientists reveal how a 'molecular machine' in bacterial cells prevents fatal DNA twisting, which could be crucial in the development of new antibiotic treatments. [21] In new research, Hao Yan of Arizona State University and his colleagues describe an innovative DNA HYPERLINK "https://phys.org/tags/walker/" walker, capable of rapidly traversing a prepared track. [20] Just like any long polymer chain, DNA tends to form knots. Using technology that allows them to stretch DNA molecules and image the behavior of these knots, MIT researchers have discovered, for the first time, the factors that determine whether a knot moves along the strand or "jams" in place. [19]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[309] viXra:2001.0364 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-19 07:57:57

Correlation of the Residual Charge of an Electrolytic Capacitor with the Earth's Magnetic Field

Authors: Evgeny Arsyukhin
Comments: 3 Pages.

The effect of the diurnal variation of the residual charge of the electrolytic capacitor is revealed. The change in voltage between the capacitor plates correlates with high accuracy with the daily change in the strength of the Earth’s calm magnetic field. We were unable to find a description of such an effect in the literature. It can be interesting for school teachers to organize simple experiments at school.
Category: Geophysics

[308] viXra:2001.0363 [pdf] replaced on 2020-02-01 11:33:25

Remarks on Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer Conjecture

Authors: Algirdas Antano Maknickas
Comments: 1 Page.

These short remarks show derivation of Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture. As a consequence new one resulting constant free equality of Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture proposed
Category: Number Theory

[307] viXra:2001.0362 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-19 08:27:33

On the Ramanujan Mathematics Applied to Some Sectors of String Theory and Particle Physics: Further New Possible Mathematical Connections V.

Authors: Michele Nardelli, Antonio Nardelli
Comments: 94 Pages.

In this research thesis, we have analyzed and deepened further Ramanujan expressions applied to some sectors of String Theory and Particle Physics. We have therefore described new possible mathematical connections.
Category: Number Theory

[306] viXra:2001.0361 [pdf] replaced on 2020-01-20 08:29:13

Baryon Asymmetry from the Minimal Fractal Manifold

Authors: Ervin Goldfain
Comments: 4 Pages.

Baryon asymmetry represents the observed excess of matter over antimatter and is conjectured to follow from the Sakharov conditions for baryogenesis. Our brief note highlights a surprising connection between baryon asymmetry and the minimal fractality of spacetime near the Fermi scale. This connection is likely to emerge from the non-equilibrium regime of dimensional fluctuations in the early Universe.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[305] viXra:2001.0360 [pdf] replaced on 2022-12-07 01:55:18

A Runner Cheating Thanks to Riemann

Authors: Louiz Akram
Comments: 3 Pages.

Pure mathematics should be used very carefully when applying it to many fields that have special considerations and special axioms. I used a simple example of runners waiting for the start of a race. I concluded thanks to Riemann’s definition of integrals that a runner can cheat in order to win. The demonstration in this paper is very simple but the analogy of the proposed example with many fields can make the researcher be careful when using the definition of Riemann for the integrals.
Category: Functions and Analysis

[304] viXra:2001.0359 [pdf] replaced on 2022-12-28 23:58:03

Unificação Da Gravidade Com a Relatividade Especial
Unification of Gravity with Special Relativity

Authors: Alberto Mananga Bifica
Comments: 8 Pages. Este Artigo Científico está Escrito em Português

A Unificação da Gravidade com a Relatividade Especial detalha equações com as suas condições explicando que energia, matéria e espaço-tempo são responsáveis pela interação gravitacional. O valor máximo v=c ocorre nos centros de massas dos planetas, estrelas, buracos negros e também no processo contínuo de energia criar matéria e matéria se transformar em ondas eletromagnéticas que são controladas pelas forças gravitacionais constantes que criam o processo da expansão (F_g=0) e da massa de todo Universo (F_g=c^4/4G).

The Unification of Gravity with Special Relativity details equations with their conditions explaining that energy, matter and space-time are responsible for gravitational interaction. The maximum value v=c occurs in the mass centers of planets, stars, black holes and also in the continuous process of energy creating matter and matter turning into electromagnetic waves which are controlled by the constant gravitational forces that create the process of expansion (F_g= 0) and the mass of the entire Universe (F_g=c^4/4G).
Category: Classical Physics

[303] viXra:2001.0356 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-18 11:38:07

Sistema Atómico e O Segredo da Luz (Energia Transportadora Das Ondas, Velocidade e Raio do Protão)

Authors: Alberto Mananga Bifica
Comments: 11 Pages. Este Artigo Científico está Escrito em Português

O átomo tem sido um dos grandes desafios da Física Moderna para tentar desvendar os seus mistérios que quanto mais conhecermos o mundo atómico mais incertezas encontram para seu entendimento. Este artigo mostra que o segredo do átomo está na sua ligação profunda e única com a luz que permite a sua existência e funcionamento nas suas possibilidades de se tornar numa partícula. A velocidade da luz é o produto proporcional das velocidades centrípetas do protão e electrão provando que se trata duma única entidade no Universo ou seja e equação 〖v_e v_p〗^ =c^2 prova que a luz é responsável pelo átomo permitindo assim a dualidade onda-partícula deste sistema. Por meio da dualidade onda-partícula encontrou-se uma equação que é a nova entidade de energia no Universo.
Category: Classical Physics

[302] viXra:2001.0355 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-18 13:50:15

Atlantis in Auschwitz-Birkenau

Authors: Leon Elshout
Comments: 1 Page.

Auschwitz was surrounded by a sea of hostile nations. While the Jews were collectively kicked into the death realm of the sheol as Atlantis had sunken into the sea. Auschwitz was located in the Polish region of Galicia, a name that sounds like Galilee. The Lake of Galilee has got the same harp shape (Psalm 49:4) as Athanasius Kirchers Atlantis had. Adolf Hitler had the spirit of the false "nazi" prince King Atlas while king David will be the true "nashi" prince of the coming aion according to Ezekiel 37:25.
Category: Religion and Spiritualism

[301] viXra:2001.0353 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-18 17:04:23

Different Types of Propulsion

Authors: Jeffrey Joseph Wolynski
Comments: 2 Pages.

A short list from memory that will be clarified and refined in the future that outlines different types of propulsion people use in the galaxy. The purpose of this paper is to take the edge off the ridicule factor still prevalent in today's society concerning extraterrestrial visitation and their interaction with the militaries and civilian populations of the world. The denial of their visitation and interaction of Earthlings by the scientific communities of the world can be ignored, their opinion is worthless. It is only the facts that matter, and the facts point to Earth being visited by people from other star systems. The facts also point to their craft being far more advanced than our own, and they utilize nuclear propulsion in a way we haven't figured out how to do yet.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[300] viXra:2001.0352 [pdf] replaced on 2020-05-18 17:16:55

Compact Manifolds Representation, a New Approach

Authors: Vincenzo Nardozza
Comments: 11 Pages.

We discuss a new method for representing Compact Manifolds.
Category: Topology

[299] viXra:2001.0351 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-18 01:19:10

Biot-Savart Law and Stokes' Theorem

Authors: Eric Su
Comments: 2 Pages. Note that the author does not read Disqus comments here, please respond by email. Including a list of publications is also a healthy gesture.

Biot-Savart law describes magnetic field due to the electric current in a conductive wire. For a long straight wire, the magnetic field is proportional to (I/r). The curl of magnetic field is proportional to (dI/dr). For a constant current, the curl of magnetic field is zero. Consequently, the surface integral of the curl of magnetic field is zero but the line integral of the magnetic field is not. Stokes' theorem can not be applied to the magnetic field vector generated by a constant electric current because the magnetic field is not a differentiable vector.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[298] viXra:2001.0350 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-18 01:32:22

Stellar Aberration Revisited

Authors: Cameron Wong
Comments: 6 Pages. Theoretically, stellar aberration can be calculated with absolute precision other than "approximately".

It appears that the reasoning in calculating stellar aberration proposed by James Bradley cannot satisfy a big group of people, particularly those people who believe only special relativity can present such calculation that is accurate to the point. This means that, in case relativity happens to be invalid, the argument on the calculation about stellar aberration has not yet truly settled in the science world these days. The problem is that relativity does show evidence that it must lead itself to conclude speed of light c=0 and thus refutes itself. So, history still leaves open the opportunity for us to approach the calculation from a new angle
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[297] viXra:2001.0349 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-18 03:34:14

Why Bodies Made of Matter Obey Mathematical Laws

Authors: Jose P Koshy
Comments: 3 Pages.

Why bodies obey mathematical laws is a longstanding question in physics. Here I put forth a very simple explanation. Matter is made up of fundamental units having finite non inter-convertible properties, and motion is one of that properties. The former implies that the integration of units into a system is adding up; adding up follows mathematical laws. The latter implies that the system remains changing due to motion; motion obeys mathematical laws, and so the changes in the system obey mathematical laws.
Category: Classical Physics

[296] viXra:2001.0348 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-18 04:12:43

Chemical Bond with Atoms

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 51 Pages.

The team believe that one day in future electron microscopy may become a general method for studying chemical reactions, similar to spectroscopic methods widely used in chemistry labs. [36] By breaking with conventionality, University of Otago physicists have opened up new research and technology opportunities involving the basic building block of the world—atoms. [35] A novel technique that nudges single atoms to switch places within an atomically thin material could bring scientists another step closer to realizing theoretical physicist Richard Feynman's vision of building tiny machines from the atom up. [34]
Category: Quantum Physics

[295] viXra:2001.0347 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-18 04:44:46

Photo-Excited Mott Insulators

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 55 Pages.

Assistant Professor Ohmura Shu and Professor Takahashi Akira of the Nagoya Institute of Technology and others have developed a charge model to describe photo-excited states of one-dimensional Mott insulators under the JST Strategic Basic Research Programs. [37] The team believe that one day in future electron microscopy may become a general method for studying chemical reactions, similar to spectroscopic methods widely used in chemistry labs. [36] By breaking with conventionality, University of Otago physicists have opened up new research and technology opportunities involving the basic building block of the world—atoms. [35]
Category: Quantum Physics

[294] viXra:2001.0346 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-18 05:15:33

Robotic Graspers Defy Gravity

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 28 Pages.

Scientists have developed a suction unit that can be used on rough surfaces, no matter how textured, and that has applications in the development of climbing robots and robotic arms with grasping capabilities. [12] The relationship may even unlock the quantum nature of gravity. "It is among our best clues to understand gravity from a quantum perspective," said Witten. [11] Scientists at the University of British Columbia have proposed a radical new theory to explain the exponentially increasing size of the universe. [10]
Category: Condensed Matter

[293] viXra:2001.0345 [pdf] replaced on 2020-01-28 23:24:52

Relativity, Light and Photons

Authors: Jean Louis Van Belle
Comments: No. of pages includes title page

This paper adds some thoughts on relativity theory and geometry to our one-cycle photon model. We basically highlight what we should think of as being relative in this model (energy, wavelength, and the related force/field values), as opposed to what is absolute (the geometry of spacetime and the geometry of the photon). We also expand our photon model somewhat by introducing an electromagnetic vector combining electric and magnetic fields. Finally, we add a discussion on how we can think about photon-electron interactions and polarization.
Category: Quantum Physics

[292] viXra:2001.0343 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-18 06:55:58

Molecules Move Faster

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 53 Pages.

Now, writing in Physical Review Letters, Cristian Rodriguez-Tinoco and a team of Université libre de Bruxelles' (ULB) Faculty of Sciences lead by Simone Napolitano shows that large molecules actually move faster in the proximity of rougher surfaces at the nanometric scale. [37] The team believe that one day in future electron microscopy may become a general method for studying chemical reactions, similar to spectroscopic methods widely used in chemistry labs. [36] By breaking with conventionality, University of Otago physicists have opened up new research and technology opportunities involving the basic building block of the world—atoms. [35]
Category: Condensed Matter

[291] viXra:2001.0342 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-18 07:05:13

Solve Equations.(Τhe Generalized Theorem)

Authors: Nikos Mantzakouras
Comments: 22 Pages.

While all the approximate methods mentioned or others that exist, give some specific solutions of the generalized transcendental equations or even polynomial, cannot resolve them completely. "What we ask when we solve a generalized transcendental equation or polyonomial, is to find the total number of roots and not separate sets of roots in some random or specified this time. Mainly because this, too many categories transcendental equations have infinite number of solutionsin the complex whole " There are some particular equations or Logarithmic functions Trigonometric functions which solve particular problems in Physics, and mostly need the generalized solution. This is now the theory G.R.LE, to deal with the help of Super Simple geometric functions, or interlocking with very satisfactory answer to all this complex problem.
Category: Functions and Analysis

[290] viXra:2001.0341 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-18 07:26:36

Programmable Cells Nests

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 56 Pages.

Using DNA, small silica particles, and carbon nanotubes, researchers of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) have developed novel programmable nanocomposites that can be tailored to various applications and programmed to degrade quickly and gently. [37] Scientists at the Technical University of Munich (TUM) have functionalized a simple rod-like building block with hydroxamic acids at both ends. [36] Tiny silica bottles filled with medicine and a special temperature-sensitive material could be used for drug delivery to kill malignant cells only in certain parts of the body, according to a study published recently by researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology. [35]
Category: Physics of Biology

[289] viXra:2001.0340 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-18 09:14:22

An Analysis of the State-Transition Function of a Self-Reproducing Structure in Cellular Automata Space

Authors: Perry W Swanborough
Comments: 11 Pages.

A cellular automata structure described by J Byl (1989) self-replicates under a corresponding state-transition function. Subsequent work has established that replication of this and related structures given by other researchers is homochiral. This work describes a detailed analysis of the state-transition function for replication of J Byl’s structure, so the work serves as an Appendix to accompany the preceding work viXra:1904.0225.
Category: Physics of Biology

[288] viXra:2001.0339 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-18 09:23:20

On Various Ramanujan Formulas Applied to Some Sectors of String Theory (Open Strings) and Particle Physics: Further New Possible Mathematical Connections Iv.

Authors: Michele Nardelli, Antonio Nardelli
Comments: 85 Pages.

In this research thesis, we have analyzed and deepened various Ramanujan expressions applied to some sectors of String Theory (open strings) and Particle Physics. We have therefore described further new possible mathematical connections.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[287] viXra:2001.0338 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-17 08:49:56

Piece by Piece - Electrochemical Synthesis of Individual Nanoparticles and their Performance in ORR Electrocatalysis

Authors: Mathies V. Evers, Miguel Bernal, Beatriz Roldan Cuenya, Kristina Tschulik
Comments: 9 Pages.

The impact of individual HAuCl4 nanoreactors is measured electrochemically, which provides operando insights and precise control over the modification of electrodes with functional nanoparticles of well-defined size. Uniformly sized micelles are loaded with a dissolved metal salt. These solution-phase precursor entities are then reduced electrochemically - one by one - to form nanoparticles (NPs). The charge transferred during the reduction of each micelle is measured individually and allows operando sizing of each of the formed nanoparticles. Thus, particles of known number and sizes can be deposited homogenously even on nonplanar electrodes. This is demonstrated for the decoration of cylindrical carbon fibre electrodes with 25 +/- 7 nm sized Au particles from HAuCl4-filled micelles. These Au NP-decorated electrodes show great catalyst performance for ORR (oxygen reduction reaction) already at low catalyst loadings. Hence, collisions of individual precursor-filled nanocontainers are presented as a new route to nanoparticle-modified electrodes with high catalyst utilization.
Category: Chemistry

[286] viXra:2001.0337 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-17 08:58:33

Ab Initio Cyclic Voltammetry on Cu(111), Cu(100) and Cu(110) in Acidic, Neutral and Alkaline Solutions

Authors: Alexander Bagger, Rosa M. Arán-Ais, Joakim Halldin Stenlid, Egon Campos dos Santos, Logi Arnarson, Kim Degn Jensen, María Escudero-Escribano, Beatriz Roldan Cuenya, Jan Rossmeisl
Comments: Pages.

Electrochemical reactions depend on the electrochemical interface; between the catalytic surfaces and the electrolytes. To control and advance electrochemical reactions there is a need to develop realistic simulation models of the electrochemical interface to understand the interface from an atomistic point-of-view. Here we present a method for obtaining thermodynamic realistic interface structures, a procedure to derive specific coverages and to obtain ab initio simulated cyclic voltammograms. As a case study, the method and procedure is applied in a matrix study of three Cu facets in three different electrolyte. The results are validated by a direct comparison with experimental cyclic voltammograms. The alkaline (NaOH) electrolyte CV are described by H* and OH*, while neutral (KHCO3) the CO3* species are present and in acidic (KCl) the Cl* species dominate. An almost one-to-one mapping is observed from simulation to experiments giving an atomistic understanding of the interface structure of the Cu facets. The strength of atomistic understanding the interface at electrolyte conditions will allow realistic investigations of electrochemical reactions in future studies.
Category: Chemistry

[285] viXra:2001.0336 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-17 09:47:29

Spin Currents for Advanced Electronic Devices

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 21 Pages.

Graphene-based van der Waals heterostructures could be used to design ultra-compact and low-energy electronic devices and magnetic memory devices, according to a study led by ICREA Prof. Sergio O. Valenzuela, head of the ICN2 Physics and Engineering of Nanodevices Group. [15] A new method that precisely measures the mysterious behavior and magnetic properties of electrons flowing across the surface of quantum materials could open a path to next-generation electronics. [14] The emerging field of spintronics aims to exploit the spin of the electron. [13] In a new study, researchers measure the spin properties of electronic states produced in singlet fission – a process which could have a central role in the future development of solar cells. [12]
Category: Quantum Physics

[284] viXra:2001.0335 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-17 10:47:27

Scalability of Next-Generation Electronics

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 24 Pages.

Nebraska engineers Peter and Eli Sutter have shown that the elemental condiment can spice up a nanomaterial sandwich by putting a literal twist on the multi-layered classic. [16] Graphene-based van der Waals heterostructures could be used to design ultra-compact and low-energy electronic devices and magnetic memory devices, according to a study led by ICREA Prof. Sergio O. Valenzuela, head of the ICN2 Physics and Engineering of Nanodevices Group. [15] A new method that precisely measures the mysterious behavior and magnetic properties of electrons flowing across the surface of quantum materials could open a path to next-generation electronics. [14]
Category: Condensed Matter

[283] viXra:2001.0334 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-17 11:03:39

Nanostructure for Structurally Colored Surfaces

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 25 Pages.

Structural colors appear because the imprinted pattern on a surface changes the wavelengths of light. Chinese scientists have introduced an azopolymer that allows the imprinting of nanopatterns in a novel room-temperature lithographic process. [17] Nebraska engineers Peter and Eli Sutter have shown that the elemental condiment can spice up a nanomaterial sandwich by putting a literal twist on the multi-layered classic. [16] Graphene-based van der Waals heterostructures could be used to design ultra-compact and low-energy electronic devices and magnetic memory devices, according to a study led by ICREA Prof. Sergio O. Valenzuela, head of the ICN2 Physics and Engineering of Nanodevices Group. [15]
Category: Condensed Matter

[282] viXra:2001.0333 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-17 12:04:55

Force I. the One and Only Fundamental Interaction

Authors: Tamas Lajtner
Comments: 4 Pages.

The world's first thought power meter is present. Its first result is that thought force with no electric field is able to change the current and voltage in an electric circuit . This result has conclusions. The most important is the following one: there is only one fundamental interaction, because every known interaction can be explained by one ultimate fundamental interaction called Force I of All. (Pronunciation: “Force the First”.) Force I is the interaction between space and matter. Thought force is one existing form of Force I and though force measured is the first evidence that Force I exists.
Category: Quantum Physics

[281] viXra:2001.0332 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-17 14:55:57

Stability of Ice Lenses in Saline Soils

Authors: S. S. L. Peppin
Comments: 20 Pages.

A model of the growth of an ice lens in a saline porous medium is developed. At high lens growth rates the pore fluid becomes supercooled relative to its equilibrium Clapeyron temperature. Instability occurs when the supercooling increases with distance away from the ice lens. Solute diffusion in the pore fluid significantly enhances the instability. An expression for the segregation potential of the soil is obtained from the condition for marginal stability of the ice lens. The model is applied to a clayey silt and a glass powder medium, indicating parameter regimes where the ice lens stability is controlled by viscous flow or by solute diffusion. A mushy layer, composed of vertical ice veins and horizontal ice lenses, forms in the soil in response to the instability. A marginal equilibrium condition is used to estimate the segregated ice fraction in the mushy layer as a function of the freezing rate and salinity.
Category: Geophysics

[280] viXra:2001.0331 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-17 15:00:32

Does The Observation Process Effect On The Observed Particle Nature?

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 4 Pages.

Empirical Data An Electron Or Subatomic Particle Behaves As A Particle And Not A Wave When It's Observed! Why? Because The Human Mind Realization Process Depends On (And Uses) The Light Velocity (0.3mkm/Sec) How Does The Observer Effect On The Observed Particle Nature? By Light Beam Produced By The Observer Mind Realization Process. Paper Idea Summary This paper tells a clear claim – that – Because our minds realization process depends on and uses the light velocity (0.3mkm/sec) in the human thinking process that causes the light velocity to be a contributor factor of every thing around us – simply – We See The Universe Through The Light Velocity Effect On Our Vision- That easily explains the equation E=mc2 – why any Mass Energy is defined relative to the light velocity?! Because the light velocity is found in our minds- that explains Why light velocity is constant in all frames Now Because our minds uses the light velocity (0.3mkm/sec), that enable our minds to produce light beams by the thinking process – this produced light beam can effect on any particle nature as the sun rays effect on all particles – This is the idea shortly– let's ask……"Is this idea truth?" This paper tries to prove… Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292
Category: Astrophysics

[279] viXra:2001.0330 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-16 22:15:42

A Theory for Gravitational Killing Cancer Cells, Lightning Mechanism and Anomalous Magnetism of Muon 2G

Authors: Reginald B. Little
Comments: 33 Pages.

The death of cancer cells under zero gravity or simulated zero gravity has an unknown cause. A prior theory of gravity by fractional, reversible fissing of matter and fusing of space to target is presented for explaining this mystery of gravitational killing of cancer cells. With this new theory a new math of divergent differentiations and divergent integrations are outlined to explain mysteries. By the mechanism given the variation in source gravity as computed by the new math can thereby explain effects on biology as the biology and chemistry have divergent differentiations and divergent integrations, which couple source of gravities and couple changing gravities to surrounding spaces and targets in surrounding spaces. Greater effects of gravities in nano-scales than molecular scales are reasoned as nano-sizes have mass effects and greater collectivity relative to molecular scales. The mechanism also postulates superluminosity of rare with slowing to luminous with denseness (space reversal) for explaining inertia, denseness and back and forth time reversal. The loss of inertia due to space reversal is reasoned! Mass to energy and vice versa dynamics are involved relativistically. By such new mechanics there are differences in denseness as the superlumes fiss to rare so surrounding rare can couple and the superluminous rare concentrates to slow so as to couple to dense. There are limits of such superluminosity as by the vast distances and the vast, composite, dense spaces of matter and the slowness (inertia). These new mechanics of composite matter/space manifest group dispersion (by new divergent calculus) as provided by hidden mechanics as by self-interacting self-deforming conformations to explain observable phase dispersed (older calculus). The observables are manifested by phase dispersions of matter and space as by new divergent calculus via constructive self interactions. The new math is contrasted with the Newtonian integrals and derivatives, which are more finite in actions and consequences whereas the divergent integrals and divergent differentiations are more infinities in actions and consequences. If dynamic infinity and count infinity, then the counting and mechanics can be as demonstrated here by many infinities or counter infinities.
Category: Physics of Biology

[278] viXra:2001.0329 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-17 02:54:09

Billions Quantum Entangled Electrons

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 59 Pages.

In a new study, U.S. and Austrian physicists have observed quantum entanglement among "billions of billions" of flowing electrons in a quantum critical material. [36] Researchers at Technische Universität Darmstadt have recently demonstrated the defect-free assembly of versatile target patterns of up to 111 single-atom quantum systems. [35] Physicists at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have teleported a computer circuit instruction known as a quantum logic operation between two separated ions (electrically charged atoms), showcasing how quantum computer programs could carry out tasks in future large-scale quantum networks. [34] Scientists have developed a topological photonic chip to process quantum information, promising a more robust option for scalable quantum computers. [33] With their insensitivity to decoherence, Majorana particles could become stable building blocks of quantum computers. [32] A team of researchers at the University of Maryland has found a new way to route photons at the micrometer scale without scattering by building a topological quantum optics interface. [31] Researchers at the University of Bristol's Quantum Engineering Technology Labs have demonstrated a new type of silicon chip that can help building and testing quantum computers and could find their way into your mobile phone to secure information. [30] Theoretical physicists propose to use negative interference to control heat flow in quantum devices. [29] Particle physicists are studying ways to harness the power of the quantum realm to further their research. [28] A fundamental barrier to scaling quantum computing machines is "qubit interference." In new research published in Science Advances, engineers and physicists from Rigetti Computing describe a breakthrough that can expand the size of practical quantum processors by reducing interference. [26]
Category: Quantum Physics

[277] viXra:2001.0328 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-17 03:32:23

Measure Quantum Materials

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 39 Pages.

Experimental physicists have combined several measurements of quantum materials into one in their ongoing quest to learn more about manipulating and controlling the behavior of them for possible applications. [30] These emerging magnetic properties suggest that the dots could, indeed, have potential in quantum computing as storage and processing devices. [29] Researchers successfully integrated the systems-donor atoms and quantum dots. [28] A team of researchers including U of A engineering and physics faculty has developed a new method of detecting single photons, or light particles, using quantum dots. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24] In a joint research project, scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI), the Technische Universität Berlin (TU) and the University of Rostock have managed for the first time to image free nanoparticles in a laboratory experiment using a highintensity laser source. [23] For the first time, researchers have built a nanolaser that uses only a single molecular layer, placed on a thin silicon beam, which operates at room temperature. [22] A team of engineers at Caltech has discovered how to use computer-chip manufacturing technologies to create the kind of reflective materials that make safety vests, running shoes, and road signs appear shiny in the dark. [21] In the September 23th issue of the Physical Review Letters, Prof. Julien Laurat and his team at Pierre and Marie Curie University in Paris (Laboratoire Kastler Brossel-LKB) report that they have realized an efficient mirror consisting of only 2000 atoms. [20] Physicists at MIT have now cooled a gas of potassium atoms to several nanokelvins-just a hair above absolute zero-and trapped the atoms within a two-dimensional sheet of an optical lattice created by crisscrossing lasers. Using a high-resolution microscope, the researchers took images of the cooled atoms residing in the lattice. [19]
Category: Quantum Physics

[276] viXra:2001.0327 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-17 03:43:51

Three Circle Chains Arising from Three Lines

Authors: Hiroshi Okumura
Comments: 7 Pages.

We generalize a problem in Wasan geometry involving a triangle and its incircle and get simple relationships between the three chains arising from three lines.
Category: Geometry

[275] viXra:2001.0326 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-17 04:01:55

Semiconductor Green Laser

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 69 Pages.

Scientists and Engineers have used surface-emitting semiconductor lasers in data communications, for sensing, in FaceID and within augmented reality glasses. [40] A study led by scientists of the Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter (MPSD) at the Center for Free-Electron Laser Science in Hamburg/Germany presents evidence of the amplification of optical phonons in a solid by intense terahertz laser pulses. [39] Femtosecond lasers are capable of processing any solid material with high quality and high precision using their ultrafast and ultra-intense characteristics. [38]
Category: Quantum Physics

[274] viXra:2001.0325 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-17 05:29:43

Nanoscalechip Detect Temperature

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 32 Pages.

Now, Joohyun Lee and Il Doh of the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, in Daejeon, South Korea, have developed a tiny device that measures otherwise undetectable heat changes. [21] An international team of physicists, materials scientists, and mechanical engineers has confirmed the high thermal conductivity predicted in isotopically enriched cubic boron nitride, the researchers report in the advance electronic edition of the journal Science. [20] Thermoelectric materials can use thermal differences to generate electricity. Now there is an inexpensive and environmentally friendly way of producing them with the simplest tools: a pencil, photocopy paper, and conductive paint. [19] A team of researchers with the University of California and SRI International has developed a new type of cooling device that is both portable and efficient. [18] Thermal conductivity is one of the most crucial physical properties of matter when it comes to understanding heat transport, hydrodynamic evolution and energy balance in systems ranging from astrophysical objects to fusion plasmas. [17] Researchers from the Theory Department of the MPSD have realized the control of thermal and electrical currents in nanoscale devices by means of quantum local observations. [16] Physicists have proposed a new type of Maxwell's demon-the hypothetical agent that extracts work from a system by decreasing the system's entropy-in which the demon can extract work just by making a measurement, by taking advantage of quantum fluctuations and quantum superposition. [15] Pioneering research offers a fascinating view into the inner workings of the mind of 'Maxwell's Demon', a famous thought experiment in physics. [14] For more than a century and a half of physics, the Second Law of Thermodynamics, which states that entropy always increases, has been as close to inviolable as any law we know. In this universe, chaos reigns supreme. [13] Physicists have shown that the three main types of engines (four-stroke, twostroke, and continuous) are thermodynamically equivalent in a certain quantum regime, but not at the classical level. [12]
Category: Thermodynamics and Energy

[273] viXra:2001.0324 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-17 05:47:47

Colloidal Quantum Dot Photodetectors

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 39 Pages.

In their experiment, the researchers used a technique to electronically dope the quantum dots robustly and permanently. [30] These emerging magnetic properties suggest that the dots could, indeed, have potential in quantum computing as storage and processing devices. [29] Researchers successfully integrated the systems-donor atoms and quantum dots. [28] A team of researchers including U of A engineering and physics faculty has developed a new method of detecting single photons, or light particles, using quantum dots. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24] In a joint research project, scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI), the Technische Universität Berlin (TU) and the University of Rostock have managed for the first time to image free nanoparticles in a laboratory experiment using a highintensity laser source. [23] For the first time, researchers have built a nanolaser that uses only a single molecular layer, placed on a thin silicon beam, which operates at room temperature. [22] A team of engineers at Caltech has discovered how to use computer-chip manufacturing technologies to create the kind of reflective materials that make safety vests, running shoes, and road signs appear shiny in the dark. [21] In the September 23th issue of the Physical Review Letters, Prof. Julien Laurat and his team at Pierre and Marie Curie University in Paris (Laboratoire Kastler Brossel-LKB) report that they have realized an efficient mirror consisting of only 2000 atoms. [20] Physicists at MIT have now cooled a gas of potassium atoms to several nanokelvins-just a hair above absolute zero-and trapped the atoms within a two-dimensional sheet of an optical lattice created by crisscrossing lasers. Using a high-resolution microscope, the researchers took images of the cooled atoms residing in the lattice. [19]
Category: Quantum Physics

[272] viXra:2001.0323 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-17 07:24:21

On Various Ramanujan Formulas Applied to Some Sectors of String Theory and Particle Physics: Further New Possible Mathematical Connections III.

Authors: Michele Nardelli, Antonio Nardelli
Comments: 74 Pages.

In this research thesis, we have analyzed and deepened various Ramanujan expressions applied to some sectors of String Theory and Particle Physics. We have therefore described further new possible mathematical connections.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[271] viXra:2001.0321 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-17 08:02:31

Nano-Patterns Building Blocks

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 55 Pages.

Scientists at the Technical University of Munich (TUM) have functionalized a simple rod-like building block with hydroxamic acids at both ends. [36] Tiny silica bottles filled with medicine and a special temperature-sensitive material could be used for drug delivery to kill malignant cells only in certain parts of the body, according to a study published recently by researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology. [35] The lab of Cheryl Kerfeld at Michigan State University has created a synthetic nano-sized factory, based on natural ones found in bacteria. [34]
Category: Physics of Biology

[270] viXra:2001.0320 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-17 08:20:40

Quantum Detector Sensitivity

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 63 Pages.

One of the open questions in quantum research is how heat and thermodynamics coexist with quantum physics. [39] But one lesser-known field is also starting to reap the benefits of the quantum realm-medicine. [38] A quantum squeezing and amplification technique has been used to measure the position of a trapped ion to subatomic precision. [37] A new theoretical model involves squeezing light to just the right amount to accurately transmit information using subatomic particles. [36] The standard approach to building a quantum computer with majoranas as building blocks is to convert them into qubits. However, a promising application of quantum computing-quantum chemistry-would require these qubits to be converted again into so-called fermions. [35] Scientists have shown how an optical chip can simulate the motion of atoms within molecules at the quantum level, which could lead to better ways of creating chemicals for use as pharmaceuticals. [34] Chinese scientists Xianmin Jin and his colleagues from Shanghai Jiao Tong University have successfully fabricated the largest-scaled quantum chip and demonstrated the first two-dimensional quantum walks of single photons in real spatial space, which may provide a powerful platform to boost analog quantum computing for quantum supremacy. [33] To address this technology gap, a team of engineers from the National University of Singapore (NUS) has developed an innovative microchip, named BATLESS, that can continue to operate even when the battery runs out of energy. [32] Stanford researchers have developed a water-based battery that could provide a cheap way to store wind or solar energy generated when the sun is shining and wind is blowing so it can be fed back into the electric grid and be redistributed when demand is high. [31] Researchers at AMOLF and the University of Texas have circumvented this problem with a vibrating glass ring that interacts with light. They thus created a microscale circulator that directionally routes light on an optical chip without using magnets. [30]
Category: Quantum Physics

[269] viXra:2001.0319 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-16 10:44:46

A EQUAÇÃO Das EQUAÇÕES. a Unificadora do Tudo. a SOLUÇÃO DE Absolutamente Tudo.

Authors: JosÊnio Dos Anjos
Comments: 1 Page. Pus a mão no caldeirão de Deus e ainda O espiei apertar o interruptor de luz

Um carro da Teoria Geral da Relatividade viaja a 100km/h para percorrer 100km. quando chega lá, verifica-se que ele percorreu 109km em 1h. Pergunta: de onde vem a energia extra para ter aumentado esse percurso? Problema pior, ele foi sem nenhum combustível no tanque. Solução. foi a caminho que está se esticando. o carro esta estacionário. se der partida, sua ultima gota de gasolina explode. E como o caminho se esticou em ambos os lados em velocidade constante de 100km/h, a impressão que temos é que ele viajou uns kms extras. Solucionado o mistério da Energia Escura e de tudo, absolutamente tudo. As outras questões estão em outro artigo. Qualquer teoria utilizando a equação aqui postulada, tem que ser expressamente autorizada pelo autor.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[268] viXra:2001.0318 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-16 10:59:06

Deep Learning Real-Time Imaging

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 48 Pages.

Researchers have harnessed the power of a type of artificial intelligence known as deep learning to create a new laser-based system that can image around corners in real time. [28] A team of scientists at Freie Universität Berlin has developed an Artificial Intelligence (AI) method that provides a fundamentally new solution of the "sampling problem" in statistical physics. [27] Deep learning, which uses multi-layered artificial neural networks, is a form of machine learning that has demonstrated significant advances in many fields, including natural language processing, image/video labeling and captioning. [26]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[267] viXra:2001.0317 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-16 11:26:31

Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 65 Pages.

As researchers develop clever approaches to achieve that goal, this subject alone could be a theme of another exciting symposium." [41] A team at Osaka University has created single-molecule nanowires, complete with an insulation layer, up to 10 nanometers in length. [40] Using optical and electrical measurements, a two-dimensional anisotropic crystal of rhenium disulfide was found to show opposite piezoresistant effects along two principle axes, i.e. positive along one axis and negative along another. [39] A team of researchers from the University of Konstanz has demonstrated a new aqueous polymerization procedure for generating polymer nanoparticles with a single chain and uniform shape, which, by contrast to previous methods, involves high particle concentrations. [38] A team of researchers from China, the U.S. and Japan has developed a way to strengthen graphene-based membranes intended for use in desalination projects-by fortifying them with nanotubes. [37] The team arrived at their results by imaging gold nanoparticles, with diameters ranging from 2 to 5 nanometres, via aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscope. [36] Nanoparticles of less than 100 nanometres in size are used to engineer new materials and nanotechnologies across a variety of sectors. [35] For years, researchers have been trying to find ways to grow an optimal nanowire, using crystals with perfectly aligned layers all along the wire. [34] Ferroelectric materials have a spontaneous dipole moment which can point up or down. [33] Researchers have successfully demonstrated that hypothetical particles that were proposed by Franz Preisach in 1935 actually exist. [32] Scientists from the Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have demonstrated a surprisingly simple way of flipping a material from one state into another, and then back again, with single flashes of laser light. [31]
Category: Quantum Physics

[266] viXra:2001.0316 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-16 11:43:12

Crystals with Ultrahigh Piezoelectricity

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 52 Pages.

Now, an international team of researchers say that cycles of AC fields also make the internal crystal domains in some materials bigger and the crystal transparent. [33] The presence of helical modes allowed them to form a new quantum device from a topological crystalline insulator known as a helical nanorod with quantized longitudinal conductance. [32] Now, researchers at MIT along with colleagues in Boston, Singapore, and Taiwan have conducted a theoretical analysis to reveal several more previously unidentified topological properties of bismuth. [31] At the heart of his field of nonlinear optics are devices that change light from one color to another-a process important for many technologies within telecommunications, computing and laser-based equipment and science. [30] Researchers from Siberian Federal University and Kirensky Institute of Physics have proposed a new design for a multimode stripline resonator. [29] In addition to helping resolve many of the technical challenges of non-line-of-sight imaging, the technology, Velten notes, can be made to be both inexpensive and compact, meaning real-world applications are just a matter of time. [28] Researchers in the Department of Physics of ETH Zurich have measured how electrons in so-called transition metals get redistributed within a fraction of an optical oscillation cycle. [27] Insights from quantum physics have allowed engineers to incorporate components used in circuit boards, optical fibers, and control systems in new applications ranging from smartphones to advanced microprocessors. [26] In a paper published August 1, 2019 as an Editors' Suggestion in the journal Physical Review Letters, scientists at JQI and Michigan State University suggest that certain materials may experience a spontaneous twisting force if they are hotter than their surroundings. [25] The technology could allow for new capabilities in quantum computing, including modems that link together many quantum computers at different locations. [24]
Category: Condensed Matter

[265] viXra:2001.0315 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-16 12:35:06

Self-Organized Quantum Criticality

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 45 Pages.

Writing in Nature, researchers describe the first-time observation of 'self-organized criticality' in a controlled laboratory experiment. [32] A potential revolution in device engineering could be underway, thanks to the discovery of functional electronic interfaces in quantum materials that can self-assemble spontaneously. [31] Now, for the first time ever, researchers from Aalto University, Brazilian Center for Research in Physics (CBPF), Technical University of Braunschweig and Nagoya University have produced the superconductor-like quantum spin liquid predicted by Anderson. [30] Electrons in graphene-an atomically thin, flexible and incredibly strong substance that has captured the imagination of materials scientists and physicists alike-move at the speed of light, and behave like they have no mass. [29] In a series of exciting experiments, Cambridge researchers experienced weightlessness testing graphene's application in space. [28] Scientists from ITMO University have developed effective nanoscale light sources based on halide perovskite. [27] Physicists have developed a technique based on optical microscopy that can be used to create images of atoms on the nanoscale. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24] In a joint research project, scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI), the Technische Universität Berlin (TU) and the University of Rostock have managed for the first time to image free nanoparticles in a laboratory experiment using a highintensity laser source. [23] For the first time, researchers have built a nanolaser that uses only a single molecular layer, placed on a thin silicon beam, which operates at room temperature. [22] A team of engineers at Caltech has discovered how to use computer-chip manufacturing technologies to create the kind of reflective materials that make safety vests, running shoes, and road signs appear shiny in the dark. [21]
Category: Quantum Physics

[264] viXra:2001.0314 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-16 12:35:50

The Liberator

Authors: Mesut KAVAK
Comments: 69 Pages.

Laws and Loves
Category: Social Science

[263] viXra:2001.0313 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-16 15:26:10

The Physics of Subatomic Particles and their Behavior Modeled with Classical Laws

Authors: Jeff Yee, Lori Gardi
Comments: 19 pages

Using the physics of sound waves as a foundation, subatomic particles and their behaviors are modeled with classical mechanics to calculate the Planck energy, the electron’s energy and the energy levels of the first two atoms: hydrogen and helium. Five different methods are used to calculate energies, including spring-mass systems and wave systems, and all five are found to be equal in their calculations.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[262] viXra:2001.0312 [pdf] replaced on 2020-08-03 04:59:10

The Nonlinear Electromagnetic Spectrum Frequency Scale

Authors: Frank H. Makinson
Comments: 2 Pages.

Electromagnetic geophysical studies have been using very low electromagnetic frequencies, below 1 Hz, transmitters and receivers for several decades. The devices that produce these frequencies are referred to as magnetotelluric transmitters and receivers. The frequencies for these devices are being identified by using a decimal notation, 0.1, 0.01, 0.001, 0.0001, 0.00001 Hz and below. Accepting frequency designations as tens divisions of one reveals that the current EM frequency scale is nonlinear. There is not a mathematically equivalent relationship if they both are not expressed in unit values. Because of this lack of equivalency, all contemporary physical law equations that contain frequency directly or indirectly are invalid.
Category: Classical Physics

[261] viXra:2001.0311 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-16 17:12:53

On Some New Notions in Nano Ideal Topological Spaces

Authors: M. Parimala, Saeid Jafari
Comments: 9 Pages.

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the notion of nano ideal topological spaces and investigate the relation between nano topological space and nano ideal topological space. Moreover, we offer some new open and closed sets in the context of nano ideal topological spaces and present some of their basic properties and characterizations.
Category: Topology

[260] viXra:2001.0310 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-16 02:06:34

A New Scientific Discovery

Authors: Yahya A.Sharif
Comments: 2 Pages.

Our muscles lift our bodies very effortlessly so,I can lift up my massive 60 kg body with only my weak calf muscles when trying to pick a fruit on a tree
Category: Classical Physics

[259] viXra:2001.0309 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-16 03:00:28

Twin Primes Conjecture

Authors: Nikos Mantzakouras
Comments: 7 Pages.

Twin prime conjecture, also known as Polignac’s conjecture, in number theory, assertion that there are infinitely many twin primes, or pairs of primes that differ by 2. The first statement of the twin prime conjecture was given in 1846 by French mathematician Alphonse de Polignac, who wrote that any even number can be expressed in infinite ways as the difference between two consecutive primes
Category: Number Theory

[258] viXra:2001.0308 [pdf] replaced on 2020-01-23 10:24:21

On Improper Integrals.

Authors: Anamitra Palit
Comments: 5 Pages.

The writing intends to point out aspects of conflict regarding some standard improper integrals.
Category: Quantum Physics

[257] viXra:2001.0307 [pdf] replaced on 2020-01-18 05:21:45

Rhind Papyrus Problem no 48 Squaring a Circle in 4-D Spacetime

Authors: Manfred U.E. Pohl
Comments: 4 Pages.

The ToE Framework that unites quantum theory with gravitation „Solution to the Problem of Time“ [1] is based on the Solution of the Black-Hole Information Paradox, namely the squaring of a circle (π) in space-time. It is well known how to “square” a circle over an additional dimension, as shown in „Solution to the Problem of Time“ II +III [2]. In addition to the Essay “It takes a Decision to Decide if Decidability is True or False” [3] (concering Gödels incompleteness and impossibility of Hilbert’s Programm) it is shown here the Solution to the Problem No. 48 in the Rhind-Papyrus. Keywords: Pi, God, Unified Principle, Gödel’s Incompleteness, Foundation of Mathematics, TOE.
Category: Astrophysics

[256] viXra:2001.0306 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-16 06:12:49

Microworld_59. Unsolved Problems of Physics_ 19 Xxix. Binding Energies of Ethereal Vortex-Like Structures of Electron, Neutron, Proton and the Role of Magnetism

Authors: N.N. Leonov
Comments: 14 Pages. English and russian texts

The first approximate estimates of binding energies of ethereal vortex-like structures of electrons, neutrons and protons are obtained.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[255] viXra:2001.0305 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-16 06:51:25

On Some Ramanujan Functions Applied to Various Sectors of String Theory and Particle Physics: New Possible Mathematical Connections II.

Authors: Michele Nardelli, Antonio Nardelli
Comments: 68 Pages.

In this research thesis, we have analyzed and deepened various Ramanujan functions applied to some sectors of String Theory and Particle Physics. We have therefore described further new possible mathematical connections.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[254] viXra:2001.0304 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-16 07:26:48

Dark Matter Temperature Taking

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 18 Pages.

Physicists at the University of California, Davis are taking the temperature of dark matter, the mysterious substance that makes up about a quarter of our universe. [19] According to a new study, they could also potentially detect dark matter, if dark matter is composed of a particular kind of particle called a "dark photon." [18] A global team of scientists, including two University of Mississippi physicists, has found that the same instruments used in the historic discovery of gravitational waves caused by colliding black holes could help unlock the secrets of dark matter, a mysterious and as-yet-unobserved component of the universe. [17] The lack of so-called "dark photons" in electron-positron collision data rules out scenarios in which these hypothetical particles explain the muon's magnetic moment. [16] By reproducing the complexity of the cosmos through unprecedented simulations, a new study highlights the importance of the possible behaviour of very high-energy photons. In their journey through intergalactic magnetic fields, such photons could be transformed into axions and thus avoid being absorbed. [15] Scientists have detected a mysterious X-ray signal that could be caused by dark matter streaming out of our Sun's core. Hidden photons are predicted in some extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics, and unlike WIMPs they would interact electromagnetically with normal matter. In particle physics and astrophysics, weakly interacting massive particles, or WIMPs, are among the leading hypothetical particle physics candidates for dark matter. The gravitational force attracting the matter, causing concentration of the matter in a small space and leaving much space with low matter concentration: dark matter and energy. There is an asymmetry between the mass of the electric charges, for example proton and electron, can understood by the asymmetrical Planck Distribution Law. This temperature dependent energy distribution is asymmetric around the maximum intensity, where the annihilation of matter and antimatter is a high probability event. The asymmetric sides are creating different frequencies of electromagnetic radiations being in the same intensity level and compensating each other. One of these compensating ratios is the electron-proton mass ratio. The lower energy side has no compensating intensity level, it is the dark energy and the corresponding matter is the dark matter.
Category: Astrophysics

[253] viXra:2001.0303 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-16 07:48:18

Quantum Dots Spinning

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 38 Pages.

These emerging magnetic properties suggest that the dots could, indeed, have potential in quantum computing as storage and processing devices. [29] Researchers successfully integrated the systems-donor atoms and quantum dots. [28] A team of researchers including U of A engineering and physics faculty has developed a new method of detecting single photons, or light particles, using quantum dots. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24] In a joint research project, scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI), the Technische Universität Berlin (TU) and the University of Rostock have managed for the first time to image free nanoparticles in a laboratory experiment using a highintensity laser source. [23] For the first time, researchers have built a nanolaser that uses only a single molecular layer, placed on a thin silicon beam, which operates at room temperature. [22] A team of engineers at Caltech has discovered how to use computer-chip manufacturing technologies to create the kind of reflective materials that make safety vests, running shoes, and road signs appear shiny in the dark. [21] In the September 23th issue of the Physical Review Letters, Prof. Julien Laurat and his team at Pierre and Marie Curie University in Paris (Laboratoire Kastler Brossel-LKB) report that they have realized an efficient mirror consisting of only 2000 atoms. [20] Physicists at MIT have now cooled a gas of potassium atoms to several nanokelvins-just a hair above absolute zero-and trapped the atoms within a two-dimensional sheet of an optical lattice created by crisscrossing lasers. Using a high-resolution microscope, the researchers took images of the cooled atoms residing in the lattice. [19] Researchers have created quantum states of light whose noise level has been "squeezed" to a record low. [18]
Category: Quantum Physics

[252] viXra:2001.0302 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-16 08:13:17

Semiconductor Neutron Detector

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 52 Pages.

Researchers at Northwestern University and Argonne National Laboratory have developed a new material that opens doors for a new class of neutron detectors. [33] Transistors are tiny switches that form the bedrock of modern computing; billions of them route electrical signals around inside a smartphone, for instance. Quantum computers will need analogous hardware to manipulate quantum information. [32] "The realization of such all-optical single-photon devices will be a large step towards deterministic multi-mode entanglement generation as well as high-fidelity photonic quantum gates that are crucial for all-optical quantum information processing," says Tanji-Suzuki. [31] Researchers at ETH have now used attosecond laser pulses to measure the time evolution of this effect in molecules. [30] A new benchmark quantum chemical calculation of C2, Si2, and their hydrides reveals a qualitative difference in the topologies of core electron orbitals of organic molecules and their silicon analogues. [29] A University of Central Florida team has designed a nanostructured optical sensor that for the first time can efficiently detect molecular chirality-a property of molecular spatial twist that defines its biochemical properties. [28] UCLA scientists and engineers have developed a new process for assembling semiconductor devices. [27] A new experiment that tests the limit of how large an object can be before it ceases to behave quantum mechanically has been proposed by physicists in the UK and India. [26] Phonons are discrete units of vibrational energy predicted by quantum mechanics that correspond to collective oscillations of atoms inside a molecule or a crystal. [25] This achievement is considered as an important landmark for the realization of practical application of photon upconversion technology. [24] Considerable interest in new single-photon detector technologies has been scaling in this past decade. [23]
Category: Condensed Matter

[251] viXra:2001.0301 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-16 08:28:28

Diabolical Quantum Emitters

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 41 Pages.

Diabolical points (DPs) introduce ways to study topological phase and peculiar energy dispersion. Scientists in China and partners from the United Kingdom demonstrated DPs in strongly coupled active microdisks. [30] These emerging magnetic properties suggest that the dots could, indeed, have potential in quantum computing as storage and processing devices. [29] Researchers successfully integrated the systems-donor atoms and quantum dots. [28] A team of researchers including U of A engineering and physics faculty has developed a new method of detecting single photons, or light particles, using quantum dots. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24] In a joint research project, scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI), the Technische Universität Berlin (TU) and the University of Rostock have managed for the first time to image free nanoparticles in a laboratory experiment using a highintensity laser source. [23] For the first time, researchers have built a nanolaser that uses only a single molecular layer, placed on a thin silicon beam, which operates at room temperature. [22] A team of engineers at Caltech has discovered how to use computer-chip manufacturing technologies to create the kind of reflective materials that make safety vests, running shoes, and road signs appear shiny in the dark. [21] In the September 23th issue of the Physical Review Letters, Prof. Julien Laurat and his team at Pierre and Marie Curie University in Paris (Laboratoire Kastler Brossel-LKB) report that they have realized an efficient mirror consisting of only 2000 atoms. [20] Physicists at MIT have now cooled a gas of potassium atoms to several nanokelvins-just a hair above absolute zero-and trapped the atoms within a two-dimensional sheet of an optical lattice created by crisscrossing lasers. Using a high-resolution microscope, the researchers took images of the cooled atoms residing in the lattice. [19]
Category: Quantum Physics

[250] viXra:2001.0300 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-16 08:39:27

Topological Crystalline Insulators

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 51 Pages.

The presence of helical modes allowed them to form a new quantum device from a topological crystalline insulator known as a helical nanorod with quantized longitudinal conductance. [32] Now, researchers at MIT along with colleagues in Boston, Singapore, and Taiwan have conducted a theoretical analysis to reveal several more previously unidentified topological properties of bismuth. [31] At the heart of his field of nonlinear optics are devices that change light from one color to another-a process important for many technologies within telecommunications, computing and laser-based equipment and science. [30] Researchers from Siberian Federal University and Kirensky Institute of Physics have proposed a new design for a multimode stripline resonator. [29] In addition to helping resolve many of the technical challenges of non-line-of-sight imaging, the technology, Velten notes, can be made to be both inexpensive and compact, meaning real-world applications are just a matter of time. [28] Researchers in the Department of Physics of ETH Zurich have measured how electrons in so-called transition metals get redistributed within a fraction of an optical oscillation cycle. [27] Insights from quantum physics have allowed engineers to incorporate components used in circuit boards, optical fibers, and control systems in new applications ranging from smartphones to advanced microprocessors. [26] In a paper published August 1, 2019 as an Editors' Suggestion in the journal Physical Review Letters, scientists at JQI and Michigan State University suggest that certain materials may experience a spontaneous twisting force if they are hotter than their surroundings. [25] The technology could allow for new capabilities in quantum computing, including modems that link together many quantum computers at different locations. [24] A University of Oklahoma physicist, Alberto M. Marino, is developing quantum-enhanced sensors that could find their way into applications ranging from biomedical to chemical detection. [23]
Category: Condensed Matter

[249] viXra:2001.0298 [pdf] replaced on 2020-07-15 16:41:00

Representing Basic Physical Fields by Quaternionic Fields

Authors: J.A.J. van Leunen
Comments: 77 Pages. This is part of the Hilbert Book Model Project

Basic physical fields are dynamic fields like our universe and the fields that are raised by electric charges. These fields are dynamic continuums. Most physical theories treat these fields by applying gravitational theories or by Maxwell equations. Mathematically these fields can be represented by quaternionic fields. Dedicated normal operators in quaternionic non-separable Hilbert spaces can represent these quaternionic fields in their continuum eigenspaces. Quaternionic functions can describe these fields. Quaternionic differential and integral calculus can describe the behavior of these fields and the interaction of these fields with countable sets of quaternions. All quaternionic fields obey the same quaternionic differential equations. The basic fields differ in their start and boundary conditions. The paper introduces the concept of the Hilbert repository. It is part of a hierarchy of structures that mark increasingly complicated realizations of a purely mathematical model that describes and explains most features of observable physical reality. That model is the Hilbert Book Model. The paper treats the mathematical and experimental underpinning of the Hilbert Book Model.
Category: Quantum Physics

[248] viXra:2001.0297 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-16 10:14:00

AlphaZero Rule the Quantum World

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 67 Pages.

The chess world was amazed when the computer algorithm AlphaZero learned, after just four hours on its own, to beat the best chess programs built on human expertise. Now a research group at Aarhus University in Denmark has used the very same algorithm to control a quantum computer. [39] Researchers have discovered that input-output maps, which are widely used throughout science and engineering to model systems ranging from physics to finance, are strongly biased toward producing simple outputs. [38] A QEG team has provided unprecedented visibility into the spread of information in large quantum mechanical systems, via a novel measurement methodology and metric described in a new article in Physics Review Letters. [37] Researchers from Würzburg and London have succeeded in controlling the coupling of light and matter at room temperature. [36] Researchers have, for the first time, integrated two technologies widely used in applications such as optical communications, bio-imaging and Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) systems that scan the surroundings of self-driving cars and trucks. [35] The unique platform, which is referred as a 4-D microscope, combines the sensitivity and high time-resolution of phase imaging with the specificity and high spatial resolution of fluorescence microscopy. [34] The experiment relied on a soliton frequency comb generated in a chip-based optical microresonator made from silicon nitride. [33] This scientific achievement toward more precise control and monitoring of light is highly interesting for miniaturizing optical devices for sensing and signal processing. [32] It may seem like such optical behavior would require bending the rules of physics, but in fact, scientists at MIT, Harvard University, and elsewhere have now demonstrated that photons can indeed be made to interact-an accomplishment that could open a path toward using photons in quantum computing, if not in light sabers. [31] Optical highways for light are at the heart of modern communications. But when it comes to guiding individual blips of light called photons, reliable transit is far less common. [30] Theoretical physicists propose to use negative interference to control heat flow in quantum devices. [29]
Category: Quantum Physics

[247] viXra:2001.0296 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-15 08:31:54

Verifying Quantum Computers Output

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 94 Pages.

A team of researchers from the University of Innsbruck and the Austrian Academy of Sciences has developed a way to verify the output from one quantum computer by comparing it to the output of another quantum computer. [57] A new test to check if a quantum computer is giving correct answers to questions beyond the scope of traditional computing could help the first quantum computer that can outperform a classical computer to be realized. [56] In quantum computing, as in team building, a little diversity can help get the job done better, computer scientists have discovered. [55] Significant technical and financial issues remain towards building a large, fault-tolerant quantum computer and one is unlikely to be built within the coming decade. [54] Chemists at Friedrich Schiller University in Jena (Germany) have now synthesised a molecule that can perform the function of a computing unit in a quantum computer. [53] The research team developed the first optical microchip to generate, manipulate and detect a particular state of light called squeezed vacuum, which is essential for HYPERLINK "https://phys.org/tags/quantum/" quantum computation. [52] Australian scientists have investigated new directions to scale up qubits-utilising the spin-orbit coupling of atom qubits-adding a new suite of tools to the armory. [51] A team of international researchers led by engineers from the National University of Singapore (NUS) have invented a new magnetic device to manipulate digital information 20 times more efficiently and with 10 times more stability than commercial spintronic digital memories. [50] Working in the lab of Mikhail Lukin, the George Vasmer Leverett Professor of Physics and co-director of the Quantum Science and Engineering Initiative, Evans is lead author of a study, described in the journal Science, that demonstrates a method for engineering an interaction between two qubits using photons. [49] Researchers with the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory have demonstrated a new level of control over photons encoded with quantum information. [48]
Category: Digital Signal Processing

[246] viXra:2001.0295 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-15 09:02:31

Coder-Decoder for Open Science Data

Authors: Domenico Oricchio
Comments: 1 Page.

I thought a method to preserve our scientific and cultural knowledge for future generations
Category: Data Structures and Algorithms

[245] viXra:2001.0294 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-15 09:06:23

Crack in Universal Physics

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 81 Pages.

The concept of universal physics is intriguing, as it enables researchers to relate physical phenomena in a variety of systems, irrespective of their varying characteristics and complexities. [50] Stephen Wilson, a professor of materials in UC Santa Barbara's College of Engineering, works in that "long before" realm, seeking to create new materials that exhibit desirable new states. [49] A phenomenon that is well known from chaos theory was observed in a material for the first time ever, by scientists from the University of Groningen, the Netherlands. [48] Plasmonic nanostructures have been widely used for enhancing light-matter interactions due to the strong local field enhancement in deep subwavelength volumes. [47]
Category: Astrophysics

[244] viXra:2001.0293 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-15 09:43:04

Post-Moore Brain-Inspired Computing

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 34 Pages.

In their paper published this week in Applied Physics Reviews authors Jack Kendall, of Rain Neuromorphics, and Suhas Kumar, of Hewlett Packard Labs, present a thorough examination of the computing landscape, focusing on the operational functions needed to advance brain-inspired neuromorphic computing. [22] A computer built to mimic the brain's neural networks produces similar results to that of the best brain-simulation supercomputer software currently used for neural-signaling research, finds a new study published in the open-access journal Frontiers in Neuroscience. [21]
Category: Quantum Physics

[243] viXra:2001.0292 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-15 10:19:28

Galactic Birthplace High-Energy Particles

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 58 Pages.

Nine sources of extremely high-energy gamma rays comprise a new catalog compiled by researchers with the High-Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Gamma-Ray Observatory. [33] For almost 10 years, astronomers have been studying a mysterious diffuse radiation coming from the centre of our galaxy. [32] Deep beneath a mountain in the Apennine range in Italy, an intricate apparatus searches for the dark matter of the universe. [31] A Multiverse-where our Universe is only one of many-might not be as inhospitable to life as previously thought, according to new research. [30]
Category: Astrophysics

[242] viXra:2001.0291 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-15 11:39:19

On Various Ramanujan Formulas Applied to Some Sectors of String Theory and Particle Physics: Further New Possible Mathematical Connections.

Authors: Michele Nardelli, Antonio Nardelli
Comments: 98 Pages.

In this research thesis, we have analyzed and deepened various Ramanujan expressions applied to some sectors of String Theory and Particle Physics. We have therefore described further new possible mathematical connections.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[241] viXra:2001.0290 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-15 13:18:40

Preopen Sets in Ideal Generalized Topological Spaces

Authors: M. Caldas, M. Ganster, Saeid Jafari, T. Noiri, V. Popa, N. Rajesh
Comments: 11 Pages.

The aim of this paper is to introduce and characterize the concepts of preopen sets and their related notions in ideal generalized topological spaces.
Category: Topology

[240] viXra:2001.0289 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-15 13:24:57

On I-Open Sets and I-Continuous Functions in Ideal Bitopological Spaces

Authors: M. Caldas, Saeid Jafari, N. Rajesh, F. Smarandache
Comments: 12 Pages.

The aim of this paper is to introduce and character- ize the concepts of I-open sets and their related notions in ideal bitopological spaces.
Category: Topology

[239] viXra:2001.0288 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-15 13:30:32

Separation Axioms in Ideal Bitopological Spaces

Authors: M. Caldas, Saeid Jafari, V. Popa, N. Rajesh
Comments: 10 Pages.

The purpose of this paper is to introduce and study the notions $I-R_0$, $I-R_1$, $I-T_0$, $I-T_1$ and $I-T_2$ in ideal bitopological space.
Category: Topology

[238] viXra:2001.0287 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-15 13:36:07

Properties of $\alpha$-Open Sets in Ideal Minimal Spaces

Authors: M. Caldas, M. Ganster, Saeid Jafari, T. Noiri, N. Rajesh
Comments: 17 Pages.

The purpose of this paper is to introduce and characterize the concept of $\alpha$-open set and several related notions in ideal minimal spaces.
Category: Topology

[237] viXra:2001.0286 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-15 13:39:34

Properties of $\beta$-Open Sets in Ideal Minimal Spaces

Authors: Saeid Jafari, T. Noiri, N. Rajesh, R. Saranya
Comments: 9 Pages.

In this paper, we introduce and study the class of $\beta$-open sets and other related classes of notions in ideal minimal spaces.
Category: Topology

[236] viXra:2001.0285 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-15 13:43:48

On Upper and Lower Slightly $\delta$-$\beta$-Continuous Multifunctions

Authors: Saeid Jafari, N. Rajesh
Comments: 10 Pages.

In this paper, we introduce and study upper and lower slightly $\delta$-$\beta$- continuous multifunctions in topological spaces and obtain some characterizations of these new continuous multifunctions.
Category: Topology

[235] viXra:2001.0284 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-15 13:47:34

Properties of Ideal Bitopological $\alpha$-Open Sets

Authors: A. I. El-Maghrabi, M. Caldas, Saeid JAFARI, R. M. Latif, A. Nasef, N. Rajesh, S. Shanthi
Comments: 19 Pages.

The aim of this paper is to introduced and character- ized the concepts of $\alpha$-open sets and their related notions in ideal bitopological spaces.
Category: Topology

[234] viXra:2001.0283 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-15 13:53:33

On New Separation Axioms in Bitopological Spaces

Authors: N. Rajesh, E. Ekici, Saeid Jafari
Comments: 9 Pages.

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the notions $\¨g-R_0$, $\¨g-R_1$, $\¨g-T_0$, $\¨g-T_1$ and \¨g-T_2$ in bitopological space.
Category: Topology

[233] viXra:2001.0282 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-15 13:55:44

On qi-Open Sets in Ideal Bitopological Spaces

Authors: Saeid Jafari, N. Rajesh
Comments: 10 Pages.

In this paper, we introduce and study the concept of qI-open set. Based on this new concept, we dene new classes of functions, namely qI-continuous functions, qI-open functions and qI- closed functions, for which we prove characterization theorems.
Category: Topology

[232] viXra:2001.0281 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-15 13:58:00

Semiopen Sets in Ideal Bitopological Spaces

Authors: M. Caldas, Saeid Jafari, N. Rajesh
Comments: 16 Pages.

The aim of this paper is to introduced and charac- terized the concepts of semiopen sets and their related notions in ideal bitopological spaces.
Category: Topology

[231] viXra:2001.0280 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-15 14:04:05

Some Remarks on Low Separation Axioms Via id-Sets

Authors: Saeid Jafari, S. Shanthi, N. Rajesh
Comments: 5 Pages.

The purpose of this paper is to introduce some new classes of ideal topological spaces by utilizing I-open sets and study some of their fundamental properties.
Category: Topology

[230] viXra:2001.0279 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-15 14:07:02

Some Fundamental Properties of $\beta$-Open Sets in Ideal Bitopological Spaces

Authors: M. Caldas, Saeid Jafari, N. Rajesh
Comments: 9 Pages.

In this paper we introduce and characterize the concepts of $\beta$-open sets and their related notions in ideal bitopological spaces.
Category: Topology

[229] viXra:2001.0278 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-15 14:11:39

Semiopen Sets in Ideal Minimal Spaces

Authors: Saeid Jafari, N. Rajesh, R. Saranya
Comments: 16 Pages.

In this paper, we present and study the concepts of semiopen sets and their related notions in ideal minimal spaces.
Category: Topology

[228] viXra:2001.0277 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-15 15:01:22

Challenges of Gbagyi Unity In Nigeria

Authors: ssor M.B Nuhu
Comments: 4 Pages.

“Gbagyi Unity” is the oxymoron of Gbagyi nation. The subject of this discourse is reasonably a prickly one. For this, I initially became nervous, to a state of incomprehension, as I pondered over the likely motivation of the conveners of this meeting. During my consideration of this highly engaging intention, I skated into a quicksand. Even though it was quite easy for me to read the orifices of the conveners as I can attest to their patriotic experiences on issues that pertains Gbagyi, I could not afford being unmindful of conflicting comebacks such a discourse can provoke the audience.
Category: Religion and Spiritualism

[227] viXra:2001.0275 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-14 21:28:20

On I-Open Sets and I-Continuous Functions in Ideal Minimal Spaces

Authors: Saeid Jafari, T. Noiri, N. Rajesh
Comments: 9 Pages.

The aim of this paper is to introduce and characterize the concepts of I-open sets and their related notions in ideal minimal spaces.
Category: Topology

[226] viXra:2001.0272 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-15 02:11:14

Nanoparticles Enter Tumors Through Cells

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 39 Pages.

Researchers from U of T Engineering have discovered that an active, rather than passive, process dictates which nanoparticles enter solid tumors. [23] Researchers at Oregon State University have developed an improved technique for using magnetic nanoclusters to kill hard-to-reach tumors. [22] MIT researchers have now come up with a novel way to prevent fibrosis from occurring, by incorporating a crystallized immunosuppressant drug into devices. [21] In a surprising marriage of science and art, researchers at MIT have developed a system for converting the molecular structures of proteins, the basic building blocks of all living beings, into audible sound that resembles musical passages. [20] Inspired by ideas from the physics of phase transitions and polymer physics, researchers in the Divisions of Physical and Biological Sciences at UC San Diego set out specifically to determine the organization of DNA inside the nucleus of a living cell. [19] Scientists from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland are using neutrons at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to capture new information about DNA and RNA molecules and enable more accurate computer simulations of how they interact with everything from proteins to viruses. [18] The DNA molecules are chiral, which means they can exist in two forms which are mirror images, like a left and right hand. The phenomenon was dubbed "chiral induced spin selectivity" (CISS), and over the last few years, several experiments were published allegedly showing this CISS effect, even in electronic devices. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15] Scientists from Moscow State University (MSU) working with an international team of researchers have identified the structure of one of the key regions of telomerase-a so-called "cellular immortality" ribonucleoprotein. [14]
Category: Physics of Biology

[225] viXra:2001.0271 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-15 02:21:09

Einstein Mass–energy Equivalence Equation E=mc^2 is Wrong Because Does not Contains Dark Matter

Authors: Adrian Ferent
Comments: 486 Pages. © 2014 Adrian Ferent

Einstein mass–energy equivalence equation E=mc^2 is wrong because does not contains Dark Matter Einstein in 1905 did not formulate exactly the equation E=mc^2 but he said: ’if a body gives off the energy L in the form of radiation, its mass diminishes by L/c^2’. Thus means for Einstein the inertial mass of an object changes if the object absorbs or emits energy. “We do not see Dark Matter energy because at light speed the Dark Matter electron energy is not released” ‘The Ferent factor is the Lorentz factor where the speed of the photon is replaced by the Dark photon speed” “Ferent’s Dark Matter mass-energy equivalence equation: E = md × vp^2” “The electron energy is the sum of the photon energy and the Dark Matter electron energy” “The particle energy E, is the sum of Matter energy and Dark Matter energy: E = Em + Edm” ”Ferent’s mass–energy equivalence equation: E=mc^2 + md × vp^2 “ “We do not see Dark Matter energy because at light speed the Dark Matter energy is not released”
Category: Quantum Physics

[224] viXra:2001.0270 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-15 02:42:13

Democratize Nanopore Research

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 41 Pages.

Now a team of researchers at the University of Ottawa is democratizing entry into the field of nanopore research by offering up a unique tool to accelerate the development of new applications and discoveries. [24] Researchers from U of T Engineering have discovered that an active, rather than passive, process dictates which nanoparticles enter solid tumors. [23] Researchers at Oregon State University have developed an improved technique for using magnetic nanoclusters to kill hard-to-reach tumors. [22] MIT researchers have now come up with a novel way to prevent fibrosis from occurring, by incorporating a crystallized immunosuppressant drug into devices. [21] In a surprising marriage of science and art, researchers at MIT have developed a system for converting the molecular structures of proteins, the basic building blocks of all living beings, into audible sound that resembles musical passages. [20] Inspired by ideas from the physics of phase transitions and polymer physics, researchers in the Divisions of Physical and Biological Sciences at UC San Diego set out specifically to determine the organization of DNA inside the nucleus of a living cell. [19] Scientists from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland are using neutrons at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to capture new information about DNA and RNA molecules and enable more accurate computer simulations of how they interact with everything from proteins to viruses. [18] The DNA molecules are chiral, which means they can exist in two forms which are mirror images, like a left and right hand. The phenomenon was dubbed "chiral induced spin selectivity" (CISS), and over the last few years, several experiments were published allegedly showing this CISS effect, even in electronic devices. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15]
Category: Condensed Matter

[223] viXra:2001.0269 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-15 03:02:00

Sensitive Torque Measuring Device

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 41 Pages.

A team of physicists at Purdue University has built the most sensitive torque measuring device ever. In their paper published in the journal Nature Nanotechnology, the team describes their new device and outline how it might be used. [25] Now a team of researchers at the University of Ottawa is democratizing entry into the field of nanopore research by offering up a unique tool to accelerate the development of new applications and discoveries. [24] Researchers from U of T Engineering have discovered that an active, rather than passive, process dictates which nanoparticles enter solid tumors. [23] Researchers at Oregon State University have developed an improved technique for using magnetic nanoclusters to kill hard-to-reach tumors. [22] MIT researchers have now come up with a novel way to prevent fibrosis from occurring, by incorporating a crystallized immunosuppressant drug into devices. [21] In a surprising marriage of science and art, researchers at MIT have developed a system for converting the molecular structures of proteins, the basic building blocks of all living beings, into audible sound that resembles musical passages. [20] Inspired by ideas from the physics of phase transitions and polymer physics, researchers in the Divisions of Physical and Biological Sciences at UC San Diego set out specifically to determine the organization of DNA inside the nucleus of a living cell. [19] Scientists from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland are using neutrons at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to capture new information about DNA and RNA molecules and enable more accurate computer simulations of how they interact with everything from proteins to viruses. [18] The DNA molecules are chiral, which means they can exist in two forms which are mirror images, like a left and right hand. The phenomenon was dubbed "chiral induced spin selectivity" (CISS), and over the last few years, several experiments were published allegedly showing this CISS effect, even in electronic devices. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16]
Category: Condensed Matter

[222] viXra:2001.0268 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-15 03:18:07

Treatments for Obesity and Diabetes

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 40 Pages.

Engineered ingestible molecular traps created from mesoporous silica particles (MSPs) introduced to the gut can have an effect on food efficiency and metabolic risk factors. [24] Researchers from U of T Engineering have discovered that an active, rather than passive, process dictates which nanoparticles enter solid tumors. [23] Researchers at Oregon State University have developed an improved technique for using magnetic nanoclusters to kill hard-to-reach tumors. [22] MIT researchers have now come up with a novel way to prevent fibrosis from occurring, by incorporating a crystallized immunosuppressant drug into devices. [21] In a surprising marriage of science and art, researchers at MIT have developed a system for converting the molecular structures of proteins, the basic building blocks of all living beings, into audible sound that resembles musical passages. [20] Inspired by ideas from the physics of phase transitions and polymer physics, researchers in the Divisions of Physical and Biological Sciences at UC San Diego set out specifically to determine the organization of DNA inside the nucleus of a living cell. [19] Scientists from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland are using neutrons at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to capture new information about DNA and RNA molecules and enable more accurate computer simulations of how they interact with everything from proteins to viruses. [18] The DNA molecules are chiral, which means they can exist in two forms which are mirror images, like a left and right hand. The phenomenon was dubbed "chiral induced spin selectivity" (CISS), and over the last few years, several experiments were published allegedly showing this CISS effect, even in electronic devices. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15]
Category: Physics of Biology

[221] viXra:2001.0267 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-15 03:35:14

Ordered Nanostructures in 3-D

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 43 Pages.

Scientists have developed a platform for assembling nanosized material components, or "nano-objects," of very different types—inorganic or organic—into desired 3-D structures. [26] A team of physicists at Purdue University has built the most sensitive torque measuring device ever. In their paper published in the journal Nature Nanotechnology, the team describes their new device and outline how it might be used. [25] Now a team of researchers at the University of Ottawa is democratizing entry into the field of nanopore research by offering up a unique tool to accelerate the development of new applications and discoveries. [24] Researchers from U of T Engineering have discovered that an active, rather than passive, process dictates which nanoparticles enter solid tumors. [23] Researchers at Oregon State University have developed an improved technique for using magnetic nanoclusters to kill hard-to-reach tumors. [22] MIT researchers have now come up with a novel way to prevent fibrosis from occurring, by incorporating a crystallized immunosuppressant drug into devices. [21] In a surprising marriage of science and art, researchers at MIT have developed a system for converting the molecular structures of proteins, the basic building blocks of all living beings, into audible sound that resembles musical passages. [20] Inspired by ideas from the physics of phase transitions and polymer physics, researchers in the Divisions of Physical and Biological Sciences at UC San Diego set out specifically to determine the organization of DNA inside the nucleus of a living cell. [19] Scientists from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland are using neutrons at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to capture new information about DNA and RNA molecules and enable more accurate computer simulations of how they interact with everything from proteins to viruses. [18]
Category: Condensed Matter

[220] viXra:2001.0265 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-15 06:53:40

Proof of Golbach's Conjecture

Authors: Nikos Mantzakouras
Comments: 8 Pages.

Every even integer > 2 is the sum of two prime numbers & equivalent Each odd integer > 5 is the sum of three prime numbers USING THE SIEVE OF ERATOSTHENES.
Category: Number Theory

[219] viXra:2001.0264 [pdf] replaced on 2020-01-23 09:45:48

A Toroidal or Disk-Like Zitterbewegung Electron?

Authors: Jean Louis Van Belle
Comments: 9 Pages.

We present Oliver Consa’s classical calculations of the anomalous magnetic moment of an electron, pointing out some of what we perceive to be weaker arguments, and adding comments and questions with a view to possibly arrive at a more elegant approach to the problem on hand in the future.
Category: Quantum Physics

[218] viXra:2001.0262 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-15 08:03:04

Quantum Dot Laser Diodes

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 43 Pages.

Los Alamos scientists have incorporated meticulously engineered colloidal quantum dots into a new type of light emitting diodes (LEDs) containing an integrated optical resonator, which allows them to function as lasers. [31] Tiny, easy-to-produce particles, called quantum dots, may soon take the place of more expensive single crystal semiconductors in advanced electronics found in solar panels, camera sensors and medical imaging tools. [30] North Carolina State University researchers have developed a microfluidic system for synthesizing perovskite quantum dots across the entire spectrum of visible light. [29] Nanoparticles derived from tea leaves inhibit the growth of lung cancer cells, destroying up to 80% of them, new research by a joint Swansea University and Indian team has shown. [28] A team of researchers including U of A engineering and physics faculty has developed a new method of detecting single photons, or light particles, using quantum dots. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24] In a joint research project, scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI), the Technische Universität Berlin (TU) and the University of Rostock have managed for the first time to image free nanoparticles in a laboratory experiment using a highintensity laser source. [23] For the first time, researchers have built a nanolaser that uses only a single molecular layer, placed on a thin silicon beam, which operates at room temperature. [22] A team of engineers at Caltech has discovered how to use computer-chip manufacturing technologies to create the kind of reflective materials that make safety vests, running shoes, and road signs appear shiny in the dark. [21]
Category: Quantum Physics

[217] viXra:2001.0261 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-15 08:09:45

Algorithms Related to the Three Typologies with Constant Angular Step (C) and Manageable (A) (L) and (Pc) Parameters.

Authors: Dante Servi
Comments: 8 Pages.

Description of the algorithms related to the three typologies with constant angular step (C) and manageable (A) (L) and (Pc) parameters, provided for in the list on the sheet 8/14 (and described below) of my article "How and why to use my graphic method" published on viXra.org in the geometry group at number 1910.0620 rev.(v4). To find all my articles on this subject grouped in a single page, starting from the last published, just click on author's name: Dante Servi.
Category: Geometry

[216] viXra:2001.0260 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-14 10:22:04

Connecting Dots on Dark Matter

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 44 Pages.

They found that this light is brighter in regions that contain a lot of matter and dimmer where matter is sparser-a correlation that could help them narrow down the properties of exotic astrophysical objects and invisible dark matter. [28] The CASPEr team is developing special nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques, each targeted at a specific frequency range and therefore at a specific range of dark-matter particle masses. [27] This week, scientists from around the world who gathered at the University of California, Los Angeles, at the Dark Matter 2018 Symposium learned of new results in the search for evidence of the elusive material in Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) by the DarkSide-50 detector. [26] If they exist, axions, among the candidates for dark matter particles, could interact with the matter comprising the universe, but at a much weaker extent than previously theorized. New, rigorous constraints on the properties of axions have been proposed by an international team of scientists. [25] The intensive, worldwide search for dark matter, the missing mass in the universe, has so far failed to find an abundance of dark, massive stars or scads of strange new weakly interacting particles, but a new candidate is slowly gaining followers and observational support. [24] "We invoke a different theory, the self-interacting dark matter model or SIDM, to show that dark matter self-interactions thermalize the inner halo, which ties ordinary dark matter and dark matter distributions together so that they behave like a collective unit." [23] Technology proposed 30 years ago to search for dark matter is finally seeing the light. [22] They're looking for dark matter-the stuff that theoretically makes up a quarter of our universe. [21] Results from its first run indicate that XENON1T is the most sensitive dark matter detector on Earth. [20]
Category: Astrophysics

[215] viXra:2001.0259 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-14 10:39:29

High Thermal Conductivity

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 31 Pages.

An international team of physicists, materials scientists, and mechanical engineers has confirmed the high thermal conductivity predicted in isotopically enriched cubic boron nitride, the researchers report in the advance electronic edition of the journal Science. [20] Thermoelectric materials can use thermal differences to generate electricity. Now there is an inexpensive and environmentally friendly way of producing them with the simplest tools: a pencil, photocopy paper, and conductive paint. [19] A team of researchers with the University of California and SRI International has developed a new type of cooling device that is both portable and efficient. [18]
Category: Thermodynamics and Energy

[214] viXra:2001.0258 [pdf] replaced on 2020-09-15 12:25:20

A Scenario for Asymmetric Genesis of Matter

Authors: Risto Raitio
Comments: 6 Pages. Short, revamped version.

We use a previous supersymmetric preon model to propose a heuristic mechanism for the creation of the matter-antimatter asymmetric universe during its early phases. The asymmetry is predicted with probability 1.0 by the charge symmetric model. The baryon-photon ratio is not quantitatively obtained.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[213] viXra:2001.0257 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-14 11:41:44

Extremely Fast Quantum Calculations

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 48 Pages.

Transistors based on germanium can perform calculations for future quantum computers. This discovery by the team of Menno Veldhorst is reported in Nature. [30] A new benchmark quantum chemical calculation of C2, Si2, and their hydrides reveals a qualitative difference in the topologies of core electron orbitals of organic molecules and their silicon analogues. [29] A University of Central Florida team has designed a nanostructured optical sensor that for the first time can efficiently detect molecular chirality-a property of molecular spatial twist that defines its biochemical properties. [28] UCLA scientists and engineers have developed a new process for assembling semiconductor devices. [27] A new experiment that tests the limit of how large an object can be before it ceases to behave quantum mechanically has been proposed by physicists in the UK and India. [26] Phonons are discrete units of vibrational energy predicted by quantum mechanics that correspond to collective oscillations of atoms inside a molecule or a crystal. [25] This achievement is considered as an important landmark for the realization of practical application of photon upconversion technology. [24] Considerable interest in new single-photon detector technologies has been scaling in this past decade. [23] Engineers develop key mathematical formula for driving quantum experiments. [22] Physicists are developing quantum simulators, to help solve problems that are beyond the reach of conventional computers. [21] Engineers at Australia's University of New South Wales have invented a radical new architecture for quantum computing, based on novel 'flip-flop qubits', that promises to make the large-scale manufacture of quantum chips dramatically cheaper-and easier-than thought possible. [20]
Category: Quantum Physics

[212] viXra:2001.0256 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-14 12:02:52

Quantum Loop Communication Technology

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 60 Pages.

Scientists from Argonne National Laboratory and the University of Chicago launched a new testbed for quantum communication experiments from Argonne last week. [40] Physicists at The City College of New York have used atomically thin two-dimensional materials to realize an array of quantum emitters operating at room temperature that can be integrated into next generation quantum communication systems. [39] Research in the quantum optics lab of Prof. Barak Dayan in the Weizmann Institute of Science may be bringing the development of such computers one step closer by providing the "quantum gates" that are required for communication within and between such quantum computers. [38] Calculations of a quantum system's behavior can spiral out of control when they involve more than a handful of particles. [37] Researchers from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill have reached a new milestone on the way to optical computing, or the use of light instead of electricity for computing. [36] The key technical novelty of this work is the creation of semantic embeddings out of structured event data. [35] The researchers have focussed on a complex quantum property known as entanglement, which is a vital ingredient in the quest to protect sensitive data. [34] Cryptography is a science of data encryption providing its confidentiality and integrity. [33] Researchers at the University of Sheffield have solved a key puzzle in quantum physics that could help to make data transfer totally secure. [32] "The realization of such all-optical single-photon devices will be a large step towards deterministic multi-mode entanglement generation as well as high-fidelity photonic quantum gates that are crucial for all-optical quantum information processing," says Tanji-Suzuki. [31]
Category: Quantum Physics

[211] viXra:2001.0255 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-14 12:28:33

On Some Ramanujan Equations Concerning the Continued Fractions. Further Possible Mathematical Connections with Some Parameters of Particle Physics and Cosmology Vi.

Authors: Michele Nardelli, Antonio Nardelli
Comments: 115 Pages.

In this research thesis, we have analyzed and deepened some equations concerning the Ramanujan continued fractions. We have described further possible mathematical connections with some parameters of Particle Physics and Cosmology.
Category: Number Theory

[210] viXra:2001.0254 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-14 12:44:09

Quantum Chips Computing Correctly

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 64 Pages.

In a step toward practical quantum computing, researchers from MIT, Google, and elsewhere have designed a system that can verify when quantum chips have accurately performed complex computations that classical computers can't. [41] Researchers at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore) have developed a quantum communication chip that is 1,000 times smaller than current quantum setups, but offers the same superior security quantum technology is known for. [40] Physicists at The City College of New York have used atomically thin two-dimensional materials to realize an array of quantum emitters operating at room temperature that can be integrated into next generation quantum communication systems. [39] Research in the quantum optics lab of Prof. Barak Dayan in the Weizmann Institute of Science may be bringing the development of such computers one step closer by providing the "quantum gates" that are required for communication within and between such quantum computers. [38] Calculations of a quantum system's behavior can spiral out of control when they involve more than a handful of particles. [37] Researchers from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill have reached a new milestone on the way to optical computing, or the use of light instead of electricity for computing. [36] The key technical novelty of this work is the creation of semantic embeddings out of structured event data. [35] The researchers have focussed on a complex quantum property known as entanglement, which is a vital ingredient in the quest to protect sensitive data. [34] Cryptography is a science of data encryption providing its confidentiality and integrity. [33] Researchers at the University of Sheffield have solved a key puzzle in quantum physics that could help to make data transfer totally secure. [32]
Category: Quantum Physics

[209] viXra:2001.0253 [pdf] replaced on 2022-01-31 20:17:21

Proof of the Riemann Hypothesis

Authors: Nikos Mantzakouras
Comments: 71 Pages.

The Riemann zeta function is one of the most Euler's important and fascinating functions in mathematics. By analyzing the material of Riemann's conjecture, we divide our analysis in the ζ(z) function and in the proof of the conjecture, which has very important consequences on the distribution of prime numbers. The proof of the Hypothesis of Riemann result from the simple logic, that when two properties are associated, (the resulting equations that based in two Functional equations of Riemann), if we zero these equations, ie ζ(z) = ζ (1-z)= 0 and simultaneously they to have the proved property 1-1 of the Riemann function ζ(z), the hypothesis will be true.Thus, there is not margin for to non apply that the Re (z)=1/2 {because simple apply ζ (z) = ζ (1-z)=0 and also ζ(z) as and ζ(1-z) are 1-1}.This, after it stands, will gives the direction of all the non-trivial roots to be all in on the critical line, with a value in the real axis equal 1/2. Part I. Proof Riemann Hypothesis from Theorems 1,2,3. The R-Hypothesis focuses on the point where we must prove that if s = Re(s) + Im(s)*I .. i) The functions ζ(s) and ζ(1-s) are 1-1 on the critical strip. ii) The common roots of the equations ζ(s)-ζ(1-s) = 0 they have Re(s)=Re(1-s)=1/2 within the interval (0,1) and determine unique position, which is called critical line. In Part II, we examine the distribution of prime numbers. The complexity of the Riemann Hypothesis is not limited to any method of proving that Re(z)=1/2 for the function ζ( ). It is a multidimensional issue that has many dimensions in physics as well as in other sciences. Anyone who says he has completely solved the hypothesis will be incomplete as to the possibilities it contains and the methods he can use to get some insight that comes close to some truths concerning it. With this in mind if we ask to prove that the hypothesis is correct, we must ask for the values of the critical lines that confirm the Riemann hypothesis. However, the Riemann hypothesis does not hold only in the interval (0,1) in the generalized form of the Zeta-functions ,but in the generalized form several critical lines arise within the intervals (-1,0) or (1,+∞) or (-∞,-1) specifically example, in the cases of the general equation ζ(q*z)=0,q>1/2 or q<-1/2 or (01/2 in R, G-z(z,q)=0 for 3 general cases out of 5, and for case Davenport Heilbronn case, which has zeros of a Dirichlet series periodic.Therefore, whether or not the Riemann Hypothesis holds depends on whether or not we accept the fact if we consider only ζ(z)=0. If in the definition of the Hypothesis the other forms or part of them also hold , i.e. ζ(q*z)=0 or ζ(q,z)=0 or ζ(z,q)=0 with q∊R in general or the Epstein Function or the Dirichlet series and others, then the Hypothesis does not hold in general, but only in special cases which are stated in detail.But we have to accept an indisputable fact that in order to have a visual perception of which ζ-functions have zeros with Re(z)=1/2 or have Re(z) different from 1/2 or other critical lines outside the interval (0,1), we have to solve transcendental equations with accuracy. This can only be achieved with the generalized theorem , and with the Periodic Radicals or Lagrange Method (https://arxiv.org/search/ query=mantzakouras +&searchtype =all&source=header) , work that has already been published. This makes it a unique reality and in this respect it has to be clarified , which ζ-functions we accept when we talk about proving the Riemann Hypothesis. "The question, dear colleagues, is not simply whether or not Riemann's Hypothesis is valid, but what ζ- functions do we accept that the Hypothesis as defined by Riemann includes? Or must we admit the general view of existing ζ-functions that Hypothesis includes. So if we take as a general assumption of the Hypothesis all the parallel ζ-functions then it is not 100% true. Of course it is also true that the Riemann hypothesis has multiple interconnections with other sciences and gives directions appropriate and grouped, depending on the function that we will accept to be valid in each specific case of application.The R-H applies only when we have specific cases mentioned in this document and perhaps and in others, but not in general, If we accept the generalized ζ- functions .This is considered as the only real answer to the conjecture of the Riemann Hypothesis that has stunned the mathematical community for more 200 years", Cases I,II of the characteristic generalized equation G-ζ(z,q)=0, {q=(a+b)/a, q>0} ,|q|<1 or |q|>1,q∊R as well as the cases of ζ(q*z)=0 with q>1/2 are subclass of the generalized one mentioned above, and some cases of the Dirihlet series reject the Riemann Hypothesis. So if the hypothesis is formulated as follows: "For any z-function, the zeros of the resulting equation coincide on the critical line with Re(z)=1/2, the formulation is complicated as a Latent and the Hypothesis does NOT hold". But if it is formulated as "The zeros only of ζ(z)=0 coincide on the critical line for Re(z)=1/2 is correct and the Hypothesis is Valid", as has been shown. Obviously this happened because the equations of other related functions i.e. other related equations arising from related functions with the function z were not completely or adequately solved or not at all and there was a large knowledge gap related to where their zeros are located with respect mainly to the interval (0,1).These equations are forms of Transcendental equations quite difficult and to solve them a strong method and a generalized Theorem for solving such equations is needed.
Category: Number Theory

[208] viXra:2001.0252 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-14 13:24:44

Teoria y. a Teoria Unificadora do Tudo..

Authors: Dos Anjos, Josênio
Comments: 10 Pages. 10 pag. Este artigo científico está escrito em português.

TEORIA Y. A TEORIA UNIFICADORA DO TUDO. A Diferença de potencial da Energia-Espaço-Tempo e suas reações. As absurdamente fantásticas simplificação dos maiores mistérios da humanidade, muitas consideradas insolúveis até agora, com seus inúmeros e complexos cálculos matemáticos, que chegam a beirar a loucura sem explicar quase nada, aqui, revelados e explicados de maneira tão simples. Da revelação da sopa de Deus, ao acionamento do interruptor da luz. O que é a luz, ou uma onda eletromagnética? É uma diferença de potencial, ou seja, uma energia acumulada. Mas ao contrário do que a ciência postula, ela não viaja a 299 792 458 m/s, ela está estacionária. Pasmem, isso mesmo! O que se move a 299 792 458 m/s é a energia-espaço-tempo. Ou seja, a luz é um risco fixo num disco vinílico 3D rodando. Quem roda é o disco, não o risco. Partindo desta descoberta, todos os mistérios da astrofísica da quântica à Teoria Geral da Relatividade serão desvendadas.
Category: Astrophysics

[207] viXra:2001.0251 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-14 13:02:24

Complex Problems at Speed of Light

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 45 Pages.

Many of the most challenging optimization problems encountered in various disciplines of science and engineering, from biology and drug discovery to routing and scheduling can be reduced to NP-complete problems. [28] AMOLF researchers and their collaborators from the Advanced Science Research Center (ASRC/CUNY) in New York have created a nanostructured surface capable of performing on-the-fly mathematical operations on an input image. [27] Narimanov has gone a step further in abstracting the imaging process by only considering information transfer, independently of how that information is encoded. [26]
Category: Quantum Physics

[206] viXra:2001.0250 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-14 18:09:21

The Research of Using Truth to Restrict Authoritative Theories (In Chinese)

Authors: Ding Jian
Comments: 8 Pages.

First to put forth an argument, truth must have absoluteness and immutability, and does not exist in reality. Then, according to whether it does exist in reality to distinguish different definition domains, all the knowledge is divided into three parts: natural science (materialism), metaphysics (idealism) and mathematics. The contents contained in the metaphysics can be called as the truths, which have existed only in order to the existence of the natural science. The characteristic of the truths is that they cannot be proved by empirical methods, and can only be gradually approached by repeated practices. The principle of seeking limits in mathematics was abstracted from the physical processes of ascertaining the truths. And mathematics runs throughout both of the natural science and metaphysics, it has helped us to break through the bondage of finite thought by the way of infinite subdivision, from the quantitative change in real space has gone deep into the qualitative change of ideal realm. It not only has achieved the unity of opposites of all the knowledge, but can also make reasoning under the premise of mutual restriction according to have the characteristic of continuity. As a result, metaphysics has been translated into that neither divorced from practices, nor just observed objective things with a one-sided, isolated and static way of thinking. This is precisely where the bright spot of the article lies. Between the truths, which can only be reasoned through the continuity of objective things in reality, and can produce logical causalities, but cannot deduce out any contradictory state, nor can there be any chronological order. For example, a rational explanation is firstly given for the disagreement of "whether matter is the first or consciousness is the first." The philosophical question of "which came the first, chicken or egg", is explained in passing. In addition, it was also found that in Einstein's special relativity there was a paradoxes, which was to use one truth (the principle of constant light velocity in vacuum) to overthrow another truth (the absoluteness of simultaneity). After inspection, it is determined that the value c of light speed in vacuum has been replaced with the value v of real light speed. Here lay Einstein's mistake precisely. At last, his "principle of relativity" has been modified rationally.
Category: History and Philosophy of Physics

[205] viXra:2001.0249 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-14 02:48:08

Infrared Silicon Photonics

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 53 Pages.

In a new report published on Scientific Reports, Milan M. Milošević and an international research team at the Zepler Institute for Photonics and Nanoelectronics, Etaphase Incorporated and the Departments of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy, in the U.S. and the U.K. Introduced a hyperuniform-disordered platform to realize near-infrared (NIR) photonic devices to create, detect and manipulate light. [31] Researchers at the University of Bristol's Quantum Engineering Technology Labs have demonstrated a new type of silicon chip that can help building and testing quantum computers and could find their way into your mobile phone to secure information. [30] Theoretical physicists propose to use negative interference to control heat flow in quantum devices. [29] Particle physicists are studying ways to harness the power of the quantum realm to further their research. [28] A fundamental barrier to scaling quantum computing machines is "qubit interference." In new research published in Science Advances, engineers and physicists from Rigetti Computing describe a breakthrough that can expand the size of practical quantum processors by reducing interference. [26]
Category: Quantum Physics

[204] viXra:2001.0248 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-14 03:21:35

Optical Resonators

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 54 Pages.

In the quantum realm, under some circumstances and with the right interference patterns, light can pass through opaque media. [34] Researchers at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology have constructed a first-of-its-kind optic isolator based on resonance of light waves on a rapidly rotating glass sphere. [33] The micro-resonator is a two-mirror trap for the light, with the mirrors facing each other within several hundred nanometers. [32] "The realization of such all-optical single-photon devices will be a large step towards deterministic multi-mode entanglement generation as well as high-fidelity photonic quantum gates that are crucial for all-optical quantum information processing," says Tanji-Suzuki. [31] Researchers at ETH have now used attosecond laser pulses to measure the time evolution of this effect in molecules. [30] A new benchmark quantum chemical calculation of C2, Si2, and their hydrides reveals a qualitative difference in the topologies of core electron orbitals of organic molecules and their silicon analogues. [29] A University of Central Florida team has designed a nanostructured optical sensor that for the first time can efficiently detect molecular chirality-a property of molecular spatial twist that defines its biochemical properties. [28] UCLA scientists and engineers have developed a new process for assembling semiconductor devices. [27] A new experiment that tests the limit of how large an object can be before it ceases to behave quantum mechanically has been proposed by physicists in the UK and India. [26] Phonons are discrete units of vibrational energy predicted by quantum mechanics that correspond to collective oscillations of atoms inside a molecule or a crystal. [25]
Category: Quantum Physics

[203] viXra:2001.0247 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-14 03:43:02

Super Cold Memory Storage

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 49 Pages.

Scientists at the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory have experimentally demonstrated a novel cryogenic, or low temperature, memory cell circuit design based on coupled arrays of Josephson junctions, a technology that may be faster and more energy efficient than existing memory devices. [34] Just like their biological counterparts, hardware that mimics the neural circuitry of the brain requires building blocks that can adjust how they synapse, with some connections strengthening at the expense of others. [33]
Category: Quantum Physics

[202] viXra:2001.0244 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-14 05:26:18

Open Letter to Physicists

Authors: Robert Yusupov
Comments: 6 Pages. Open Letter to Physicists © Robert Yusupov 14.01.2020

This is a fiery appeal and appeal to the entire physical community for recognition of the "Theory of Nature" by Robert Yusupov, a free researcher, dialectical materialist, communist. For 7 years now, the physical power of the Russian Federation, headed by the Physical Sciences Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, has been unable to really, objectively, honestly and impartially evaluate the “Theory of Nature” for scientific significance and consistency. Physical power in the Russian Federation has completely degraded! Physical power in the Russian Federation has completely lost its scientific vigilance and scientific scent! Physical power in the Russian Federation has proved its professional unsuitability! Physical power in the Russian Federation reached full scientific impotence! Physical power in the Russian Federation has proved its complete unscrupulousness and unconsciousness! Physical power in the Russian Federation has gone blind and does not see that TN is a Revolution in physics! Physical power in the Russian Federation has become a brake on scientific progress, primarily in physics! It's time to change this rotten power!
Category: Classical Physics

[201] viXra:2001.0243 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-14 05:29:57

Открытое письмо физикам

Authors: Robert Yusupov
Comments: 7 Pages. Открытое письмо физикам © Robert Yusupov 14.01.2020

Это пламенное обращение и воззвание ко всему физическому сообществу на предмет признания «Теории Природы» Юсупова Роберта, свободного исследователя, диалектического материалиста, коммуниста. Физическая власть РФ во главе с ОФН РАН вот уже 7 лет никак не может реально, объективно, честно и непредвзято оценить «Теорию Природы» на предмет научной значимости и состоятельности. Физическая власть в РФ деградировала абсолютно! Физическая власть в РФ полностью потеряла научную бдительность и научный нюх! Физическая власть в РФ доказала свою профессиональную непригодность! Физическая власть в РФ дошла до полной научной импотенции! Физическая власть в РФ доказала свою полную беспринципность и несознательность! Физическая власть в РФ ослепла и не видит, что ТП – это Революция в физике! Физическая власть в РФ стала тормозом научного прогресса и в первую очередь в физике! Пора менять эту гнилую власть!
Category: Classical Physics

[200] viXra:2001.0242 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-14 05:36:25

A Project for Village Empowerment

Authors: Acharya Sennimalai Kalimuthu
Comments: 21 Pages. NA

In this project, a number of new economic, political and administrative reforms have been proposed.
Category: Social Science

[199] viXra:2001.0240 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-14 09:10:09

Space, Time and Nature of Physical Interactions (Text in Polish)

Authors: Kajetan Młynarski
Comments: 33 Pages.

Abstract The work uses non-standard concepts and calculations based on the concept of identity (i.e. not based on set theory as a basic theory). This made it possible to obtain several potentially interesting results. For example: the number of dimensions of a space is not an assumption, it is determined by a theorem. Also a theorem indicates the existence of a maximum speed having properties analogous to c. According to the presented theory, there is only one fundamental interaction. Depending on the parameters (distance, rotation), it has properties similar to known fundamental interactions. In the final part I propose some experiments checking the obtained results.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[198] viXra:2001.0239 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-14 10:00:00

Fourth Power Algorithm Using Polynomials

Authors: Zeolla Gabriel
Comments: 11 Pages.

This document develops and demonstrates the discovery of a new potentiation algorithm that works absolutely with all the numbers using the formula of the square of a binomial, trinomial, tetranomial and pentanomial
Category: Algebra

[197] viXra:2001.0238 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-13 11:24:56

Influential Electrons Quantum Relationship

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 73 Pages.

A team of physicists has mapped how electron energies vary from region to region in a particular quantum state with unprecedented clarity. [47] Observation of Spin-Charge Deconfinement in Fermionic Hubbard Chains"), they used a so-called quantum simulator. [46] From raindrops rolling off the waxy surface of a waterlily leaf to the efficiency of desalination membranes, interactions between water molecules and water-repellent "hydrophobic" surfaces are all around us. [45]
Category: Quantum Physics

[196] viXra:2001.0237 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-13 11:54:12

It takes a Decision to Decide if Decidability is True or False

Authors: Manfred U.E.Pohl
Comments: 9 Pages.

Turning a discarded (Descartes) Coordinate-System into a new (Newtonian) Coordinate-System - [pi / pi :=1 ; pi := c := Meter / Second] - Written to the FXQi Essay Contest on „Undecidability, Uncomputability, and Unpredictability“
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[195] viXra:2001.0236 [pdf] replaced on 2020-05-27 18:03:20

Relation of Acceleration S in Two Inertial Frame S in Special Relativity Theory

Authors: Sangwha Yi
Comments: 4 Pages. Thank you for reading

In special relativity theory, we discover the relation of inertial frames’ accelerations. In this theory, we can understand general state of the relation of inertial frames’ accelerations
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[194] viXra:2001.0235 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-13 00:48:44

Twin Paradox Solution (Language German).

Authors: Genrih Leonidovich Arutyunov
Comments: 3 Pages.

Twin Paradox solution (language German). Das Zwillingsparadoxon Beweis und Lösung zum ersten Mal seit 110 Jahren. 
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[193] viXra:2001.0233 [pdf] replaced on 2022-03-14 22:47:18

Hybrid Time Theory: "Euler's Formula" and the "Phi-Algorithm"

Authors: Stephen H. Jarvis
Comments: 12 Pages.

Here a proposed time-equation conforms to a spherical wavefront of propagation in space in deriving the value of π. This will be achieved by first addressing how a time-equation should be most precisely and efficiently used to explain the notion of space and time in detailing a just as efficient and precise use of numbers describing the process of linking a 0 reference in space to an infinite reference. Then, that description will uphold the findings of papers 1-14 [1-14] in this series of papers, most importantly the final premise reached in paper 14 regarding natural radioactive decay. There it shall be explained exists an associated equation for time, not explicitly the proposed phi-algorithm for time, yet an associated algorithm of its own explained in Euler’s formula.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[192] viXra:2001.0232 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-13 03:45:31

Inertial Motion of the Quantum Self-Interacting Electron

Authors: Peter Leifer
Comments: 21 Pages.

Attempts represent the self-interacting quantum electron as the cyclic motion on the stable attractor has been discussed. This motion subjects quantum inertia principle expressed by the parallel transported energy-momentum generator along a closed geodesic in the space of the unlocated quantum states $CP(3)$ . The affine gauge potential in the complex projective state space (similar to the Higgs potential) seriously deforms the Jacobi fields in the vicinity of the ``north pole". It was assumed that the divergency of the Jacobi field may be compensated by the fields of the Poincar\'e generators representing EM-like ``field shell" of the electron in the dynamical spacetime. Thereby, the spacetime looks as ultimately deprecated in the role of the ``container of matter" and it appears as the accompanied to the quantum electron functional space (dynamical spacetime). Meanwhile, the dynamics of the self-interacting electron is essentially non-linear and deterministic.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[191] viXra:2001.0231 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-13 04:51:35

Protein Sestrin Benefits

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 67 Pages.

Michigan Medicine researchers studying a class of naturally occurring protein called Sestrin have found that it can mimic many of exercise's effects in flies and mice. [38] Researchers have developed a way to prop up a struggling immune system to enable its fight against sepsis, a deadly condition resulting from the body's extreme reaction to infection. [37] An interdisciplinary team of scientists from KU Leuven, the University of Bremen, the Leibniz Institute of Materials Engineering, and the University of Ioannina has succeeded in killing tumour cells in mice using nano-sized copper compounds together with immunotherapy. [36]
Category: Physics of Biology

[190] viXra:2001.0230 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-13 05:16:24

Herpes Simplex Viruses

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 69 Pages.

An Italian research team has refined the history and origins of two extremely common pathogens in human populations, herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2. [39] Michigan Medicine researchers studying a class of naturally occurring protein called Sestrin have found that it can mimic many of exercise's effects in flies and mice. [38] Researchers have developed a way to prop up a struggling immune system to enable its fight against sepsis, a deadly condition resulting from the body's extreme reaction to infection. [37] An interdisciplinary team of scientists from KU Leuven, the University of Bremen, the Leibniz Institute of Materials Engineering, and the University of Ioannina has succeeded in killing tumour cells in mice using nano-sized copper compounds together with immunotherapy. [36]
Category: Physics of Biology

[189] viXra:2001.0229 [pdf] replaced on 2020-01-13 23:41:57

Asymptotic Safety, Black-Hole Cosmology and the Universe as a Gravitating Vacuum State

Authors: Carlos Castro
Comments: 13 Pages.

A model of the Universe as a dynamical homogeneous anisotropic self-gravitating fluid, consistent with Kantowski-Sachs homogeneous anisotropic cosmology and Black-Hole cosmology, is developed. Renormalization Group (RG) improved black-hole solutions resulting from Asymptotic Safety in Quantum Gravity are constructed which explicitly $remove$ the singularities at $t = 0$. Two temporal horizons at $ t _- \simeq t_P$ (Planck time) and $ t_+ \simeq t_H$ (Hubble time) are found. For times below the Planck time $ t < t_P$, and above the Hubble time $ t > t_H$, the components of the Kantowski-Sachs metric exhibit a key sign $change$, so the roles of the spatial $z$ and temporal coordinates $ t$ are $exchanged$, and one recovers a $repulsive$ inflationary de Sitter-like core around $ z = 0$, and a Schwarzschild-like metric in the exterior region $ z > R_H = 2 G_o M $. Therefore, in this fashion one has found a dynamical Universe $inside$ a Black Hole whose Schwarzschild radius coincides with the Hubble radius $ r_s = 2 G_o M = R_H$. For these reasons we conclude by arguing that our Universe could be seen as a Gravitating Vacuum State inside a Black-Hole.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[188] viXra:2001.0228 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-13 06:25:34

The Research of Using Truth to Restrict Authoritative Theories

Authors: Ding Jian
Comments: 14 Pages.

First to put forth an argument, truth must have absoluteness and immutability, and does not exist in reality. Then, according to whether it does exist in reality to distinguish different definition domains, all the knowledge is divided into three parts: natural science (materialism), metaphysics (idealism) and mathematics. The contents contained in the metaphysics can be called as the truths, which have existed only in order to the existence of the natural science. The characteristic of the truths is that they cannot be proved by empirical methods, and can only be gradually approached by repeated practices. The principle of seeking limits in mathematics was abstracted from the physical processes of ascertaining the truths. And mathematics runs throughout both of the natural science and metaphysics, it has helped us to break through the bondage of finite thought by the way of infinite subdivision, from the quantitative change in real space has gone deep into the qualitative change of ideal realm. It not only has achieved the unity of opposites of all the knowledge, but can also make reasoning under the premise of mutual restriction according to have the characteristic of continuity. As a result, metaphysics has been translated into that neither divorced from practices, nor just observed objective things with a one-sided, isolated and static way of thinking. This is precisely where the bright spot of the article lies. Between the truths, which can only be reasoned through the continuity of objective things in reality, and can produce logical causalities, but cannot deduce out any contradictory state, nor can there be any chronological order. For example, a rational explanation is firstly given for the disagreement of "whether matter is the first or consciousness is the first." The philosophical question of "which came the first, chicken or egg", is explained in passing. In addition, it was also found that in Einstein's special relativity there was a paradoxes, which was to use one truth (the principle of constant light velocity in vacuum) to overthrow another truth (the absoluteness of simultaneity). After inspection, it is determined that the value c of light speed in vacuum has been replaced with the value v of real light speed. Here lay Einstein's mistake precisely. At last, his "principle of relativity" has been modified rationally.
Category: History and Philosophy of Physics

[187] viXra:2001.0227 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-13 07:24:51

If Background em Radiation Forms a Locality Relative to Which em Waves Propagate Their Speed/wavelength Energy Mix Then the Time Dilation Theory is not Needed.

Authors: Iain Smith
Comments: 11 Pages.

Observations that the speed of electromagnetic waves are reliably measured to travel at the speed of light "c" relative to the observer and proved to be independent of the emitters relative speed have resulted in the theory of the dilation of time as a practical interpretation of the theory of special and general relativity. This papers alternative theory suggests background EM radiation provides the locality that EM waves latch onto and set their speed/wavelength mix relative to. As such back ground radiation will exist locally to all emitters and observers of EM waves this would explain the observations that currently force the time dilation theory. In turn, if time dilation does not exist then the correlation between extended atomic half lives and speed are in fact an observation of a transfer of energy to the atoms stores during accelerating events they have experienced rather than proof of the rate of time slowing down at speed. This theory is applied to the results of experiments bouncing laser pulses off a reflector on the moon as observational confirmation.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[186] viXra:2001.0226 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-13 07:41:49

Metals Trace History of Galaxies

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 58 Pages.

Astronomers have cataloged signs of nine heavy metals in the infrared light from supergiant and giant stars. [34] The data comprising this image were gathered by the Wide Field Camera 3 aboard the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope. [33] For almost 10 years, astronomers have been studying a mysterious diffuse radiation coming from the centre of our galaxy. [32] Deep beneath a mountain in the Apennine range in Italy, an intricate apparatus searches for the dark matter of the universe. [31]
Category: Astrophysics

[185] viXra:2001.0225 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-13 07:59:23

One-Dimensional Quantum Divorce

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 72 Pages.

Observation of Spin-Charge Deconfinement in Fermionic Hubbard Chains"), they used a so-called quantum simulator. [46] From raindrops rolling off the waxy surface of a waterlily leaf to the efficiency of desalination membranes, interactions between water molecules and water-repellent "hydrophobic" surfaces are all around us. [45] The ever-more-humble carbon nanotube may be just the device to make solar panels—and anything else that loses energy through heat—far more efficient. [44] When traversing a solid material such as glass, a light wave can deposit part of its energy in a mechanical wave, leading to a color change of the light. [43]
Category: Quantum Physics

[184] viXra:2001.0224 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-13 08:15:10

On Some Ramanujan Equations Concerning the Continued Fractions. Further Possible Mathematical Connections with Some Parameters of Particle Physics and Cosmology V.

Authors: Michele Nardelli, Antonio Nardelli
Comments: 82 Pages.

In this research thesis, we have analyzed and deepened some equations concerning the Ramanujan continued fractions. Further possible mathematical connections with some parameters of Particle Physics and Cosmology.
Category: Number Theory

[183] viXra:2001.0223 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-13 08:16:12

Proteome State in Live Cells

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 68 Pages.

Australian scientists have developed a molecular probe that senses the state of the proteome—the entire set of the proteins—by measuring the polarity of the protein environment. [39] Michigan Medicine researchers studying a class of naturally occurring protein called Sestrin have found that it can mimic many of exercise's effects in flies and mice. [38] Researchers have developed a way to prop up a struggling immune system to enable its fight against sepsis, a deadly condition resulting from the body's extreme reaction to infection. [37]
Category: Physics of Biology

[182] viXra:2001.0222 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-13 08:26:54

The Fuzzy Probabilities

Authors: Antoine Balan
Comments: 1 page, written in english

We propose to introduce a measure in the theory of fuzzy sets, calling this notion the fuzzy probabilities.
Category: Functions and Analysis

[181] viXra:2001.0218 [pdf] replaced on 2020-01-17 01:21:27

Understanding & Exploring -> [ Mandelbrot Algorithms+AI+QRNG Concepts+Hard Problem Concepts based on Python & Haskell ] – A Short Communication.

Authors: Nirmal Tej Kumar
Comments: 5 Pages. Short Communication - Revised

[ PART A ] - Python Medical Image Processing & Electron Microscopy Image Processing Informatics Using Python/LLVM. [ PART B ] - Haskell Exploring a JIT Compiler with Haskell and LLVM in the Context of Medical Image Processing & Electron Microscopy Image Processing Software R&D Using Mandelbrot Algorithms.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[180] viXra:2001.0217 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-12 02:40:52

Модель униполярного заряда

Authors: Киров
Comments: 1 Page. Russ lang

Определена модель униполярного заряда
Category: Classical Physics

[179] viXra:2001.0216 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-12 02:44:06

Unipolar Charge Model

Authors: Kirov
Comments: 1 Page.

Unipolar charge model determined
Category: Classical Physics

[178] viXra:2001.0214 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-12 06:01:15

From Deriving Mass-Energy Equivalence with Classical Physics to Mass-Velocity Relation and Charge-Velocity Relation of Electrons

Authors: JianFei Chen
Comments: 3 Pages.

There are controversies on mass-velocity relation and charge of moving electrons, which are related with mass-energy equivalence. Author thought that mass-energy equivalence was expressing the energy relation of bodies and space as mass. In this paper author proposed relative kinetic energy $E_{rk}=mv^2$ to explain this relation. With relative kinetic energy theory, author inferred the equations for mass-energy equivalence and mass-velocity relation. While analyzing the electron acceleration movement, author found the reasons for the two unreal equation of mass-velocity relation, and determined the equations of mass-velocity relation and charge-velocity relation of electrons. These determinations are of important significance for relativity theory and electrodynamics, even for superconducting research. [eastear@outlook.com, eastear@163.com]
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[177] viXra:2001.0213 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-12 07:46:45

Energy Efficient Computers and Smartphones

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 49 Pages.

With enhanced properties such as greater strength, lighter weight, increased electrical conductivity and chemical reactivity, nanomaterials (NMs) are widely used in areas like ICT, energy and medicine. [35] Scientists at the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST) have developed a light-based device that can act as a biosensor, detecting biological substances in materials; for example, harmful pathogens in food samples. [34] A tightly focused, circularly polarized spatially phase-modulated beam of light formed an optical ring trap. [33] Scientists at Tokyo Institute of Technology proposed new quasi-1-D materials for potential spintronic applications, an upcoming technology that exploits the spin of electrons. [32] They do this by using "excitons," electrically neutral quasiparticles that exist in insulators, semiconductors and in some liquids. [31] Researchers at ETH Zurich have now developed a method that makes it possible to couple such a spin qubit strongly to microwave photons. [30] Quantum dots that emit entangled photon pairs on demand could be used in quantum communication networks. [29] Researchers successfully integrated the systems-donor atoms and quantum dots. [28] A team of researchers including U of A engineering and physics faculty has developed a new method of detecting single photons, or light particles, using quantum dots. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24]
Category: Quantum Physics

[176] viXra:2001.0211 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-12 07:52:42

Do US Sanctions On Iran Work? Survival in The Modern World

Authors: Syed Noman Ali Shah
Comments: 6 Pages.

“There is no doubt that the United states will not achieve success with this new plot against Iran.” Iran’s President Hassan Rouhani on US new sanctions. My research is composed Iran’s survival in isolation after a hard tension by the west for 40 years. How Iran is going to manage it people through its policies and diplomacy nationally and internationally. In today’s globalized world how, Iran react towards sanctions and focuses on its nuclear weapons production. Relations with Russia as alternate ally after US and supporting of militant groups inside the middle east to extend her regime. Shall different engagements at a time lead Iran into hard situation like in Yemen, Syria, Iraq, supporting Hammas and Hezbollah which are black-listed by the international community. On one side Iran is facing sanctions from the world like import-export shut down, no travelling by sea and air, no foreign transactions, steel and iron industry which the biggest contributing sector in the Iran’s economy is and parallel to these issues Iran is financially and militarily supporting internationally these groups.
Category: Social Science

[175] viXra:2001.0210 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-12 08:14:36

Gold Atoms Peculiar Pyramidal Shape

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 40 Pages.

Freestanding clusters of 20 gold atoms take the shape of a pyramid, researchers have discovered. [30] The multimodal nanoscience approach to studying quantum physics phenomena is, they say, a "technological leap for how scientists can explore quantum materials to unearth new phenomena and guide future functional engineering of these materials for real-world applications." [29] Researchers have developed a three-dimensional dynamic model of an interaction between light and nanoparticles. [28] Scientists from ITMO University have developed effective nanoscale light sources based on halide perovskite. [27] Physicists have developed a technique based on optical microscopy that can be used to create images of atoms on the nanoscale. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24] In a joint research project, scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI), the Technische Universität Berlin (TU) and the University of Rostock have managed for the first time to image free nanoparticles in a laboratory experiment using a highintensity laser source. [23] For the first time, researchers have built a nanolaser that uses only a single molecular layer, placed on a thin silicon beam, which operates at room temperature. [22] A team of engineers at Caltech has discovered how to use computer-chip manufacturing technologies to create the kind of reflective materials that make safety vests, running shoes, and road signs appear shiny in the dark. [21] In the September 23th issue of the Physical Review Letters, Prof. Julien Laurat and his team at Pierre and Marie Curie University in Paris (Laboratoire Kastler Brossel-LKB) report that they have realized an efficient mirror consisting of only 2000 atoms. [20]
Category: Condensed Matter

[174] viXra:2001.0209 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-12 08:40:08

Boosting Cell's Antibacterial Properties

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 66 Pages.

Researchers have developed a way to prop up a struggling immune system to enable its fight against sepsis, a deadly condition resulting from the body's extreme reaction to infection. [37] An interdisciplinary team of scientists from KU Leuven, the University of Bremen, the Leibniz Institute of Materials Engineering, and the University of Ioannina has succeeded in killing tumour cells in mice using nano-sized copper compounds together with immunotherapy. [36] Johns Hopkins researchers report that a type of biodegradable, lab-engineered nanoparticle they fashioned can successfully deliver a "suicide gene" to pediatric brain tumor cells implanted in the brains of mice. [35]
Category: Physics of Biology

[173] viXra:2001.0208 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-12 09:05:33

Bright Eyes Bactericide

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 67 Pages.

An aqueous extract from the root of Catharanthus roseus, a plant commonly known as bright eyes, can be used as both a reducing agent as well as a capping agent for the synthesis of bactericidal silver nanoparticles, according to research published in the International Journal of Nanoparticles. [38] Researchers have developed a way to prop up a struggling immune system to enable its fight against sepsis, a deadly condition resulting from the body's extreme reaction to infection. [37] An interdisciplinary team of scientists from KU Leuven, the University of Bremen, the Leibniz Institute of Materials Engineering, and the University of Ioannina has succeeded in killing tumour cells in mice using nano-sized copper compounds together with immunotherapy. [36]
Category: Physics of Biology

[172] viXra:2001.0207 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-12 09:40:47

Bleeding Without Adhering to the Wound

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 69 Pages.

Researchers from ETH Zurich and the National University of Singapore have developed a new kind of bandage that helps blood to clot and doesn't stick to the wound. [39] An aqueous extract from the root of Catharanthus roseus, a plant commonly known as bright eyes, can be used as both a reducing agent as well as a capping agent for the synthesis of bactericidal silver nanoparticles, according to research published in the International Journal of Nanoparticles. [38] Researchers have developed a way to prop up a struggling immune system to enable its fight against sepsis, a deadly condition resulting from the body's extreme reaction to infection. [37]
Category: Physics of Biology

[171] viXra:2001.0206 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-11 13:04:43

Analyzing Some Equations Concerning the “Classical Stability with Broken Supersymmetry” by Ramanujan’s Mathematics. Further Possible Mathematical Connections with Some Parameters of Particle Physics and String Theory.

Authors: Michele Nardelli, Antonio Nardelli
Comments: 78 Pages.

In this research thesis, we have analyzed and deepened some equations concerning the “Classical Stability with Broken Supersymmetry” by Ramanujan’s mathematics and described new possible mathematical connections with some parameters of Particle Physics and String Theory.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[170] viXra:2001.0205 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-11 13:28:49

AMASING proof of the STRONG Riemman Hypothes (Gnembon's Theorem)

Authors: Gnet Gnembon
Comments: 3 Pages.

Le Riemman Hypothosos is an hypothes that has existsence sinse Reimman (1837). He said so: The zero of this fonktion $\sum_{n=1}^\infty1/k^z$ is 1/2 real. We now prov this and its stronger we be rich million prise thankyou clay intitut we want double prise sinse we prov strong hopotosos. We call it GNEMBON's THEOREM.
Category: Functions and Analysis

[169] viXra:2001.0204 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-11 17:12:48

The Theory of the Collatz Process

Authors: Theophilus Agama
Comments: 7 Pages.

In this paper we introduce and develop the theory of the Collatz process. We leverage this theory to study the Collatz conjecture. This theory also has a subtle connection with the infamous problem of the distribution of Sophie germain primes. We also provide several formulation of the Collatz conjecture in this language.
Category: Number Theory

[168] viXra:2001.0201 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-11 20:16:23

Foundations of Armenian Special Theory of Time-Space

Authors: Robert Nazaryan, Hayk Nazaryan
Comments: 144 Pages. Dedicated to the 12-th Anniversary of Declaration Armenian Revolution in Science

The Armenian Revolution in Science Continues We called this third volume of our research work "Armenian Special Theory of Time-Space", which best describes the very essence of our theory. The term "special" means that in this volume mainly discusses the case when observing systems are inertial systems (of course, with the Armenian interpretation). In addition, in this third volume, we have recognized that all observing and observed systems have the same "weight", that is in some sense, all systems are equivalent to each other. And what this means will become clear in the following volumes. ------------------------------------ By re-interpreting some very important concepts in the "Armenian Special Theory of Time-Space", such as “observed time” and “own time”, we were able to solve the nested crisis in the legacy theory of relativity, which been revealed in our second volume. We also outline the way to solve the problem of particle system movement as whole. ------------------------------------ We have also proved that "Armenian Special Theory of Time-Space" is rich in fine and difficult to grasp concepts, in many cases unexpected ideas and interpretations that are contrary to traditional physics perceptions and experiences. In our illustrated book, intended for wide circles, using only pure mathematical approach, we have been able to provide a new scientific breakthrough in the interpretation of the concepts of time and space, and have paved the way for the construction of the most general and unified theory. ------------------------------------ The "Armenian Special Theory of Time-Space" is mathematically so solid and perfect that it can't be wrong. Therefore, our derived Armenian Transformation Equations and all other Armenian Relativistic Formulas should not only replace Lorentz transformation equations or other legacy relativistic relations, but all modern theoretical physics must be rewritten again. Because the transformation equations and other formulas of legacy theory of relativity, are only a very special case of our derived formulas in Armenian Special Theory of Time-Space, when s = 0 and g = -1 . ------------------------------------ The many transformation equations and many other important relations contained in this volume are presented very briefly, with almost no strong proofs, and readers must make sufficient effort to verify for themselves the derivation of all our transformation equations and relativistic formulas. ------------------------------------ And finally, in this third volume of our research work, you will come across amazing interpretations and see new beautiful formulas that the World has never seen before and these mathematical formulas are capable of reforming the future of mankind by creating a new golden age of scientific breakthroughs, free from all types of spiritual, mental and physical leprosy. ------------------------------------ Long Live the Revival of Armenian Science! Long Live the Armenian Revolution in Science!
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[167] viXra:2001.0200 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-11 20:47:27

Stellar Distance and Velocity

Authors: Miloš Čojanović
Comments: 27 Pages.

In this paper is presented a method by which it is possible to determine a distance between the sun and a star as well as a velocity at which the star moves relative to the sun. In order to achieve this, it is sufficient to know three positions of the star and the unit vectors determined by the star and three arbitrarily chosen points, that do not lie on a single line. The method has been tested using the data generated by a computer program as well as real data obtained by Gaia mission. In the first case, we found the huge differences comparing the results derived by the method to the results calculated by the traditional parallax method. In the second case also, there are large differences between the obtained and the expected results, but primarily because of the form of the input data, that is not fully suited to the proposed method. Under certain conditions, one would be able to find a velocity at which the sun is moving regarding a stationary coordinate system $(K)$, that will be defined later on.
Category: Astrophysics

[166] viXra:2001.0199 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-11 20:52:32

Stellar Distance and Velocity (Ii)

Authors: Miloš Čojanović
Comments: 8 Pages.

In this paper we will point out the systematic error, which is made using the parallax in determining the stellar distance. Instead of this method, we are proposing three methods that give more precise results in calculating the distance. In the first method we will use two consecutive parallaxes instead of one, which will allow us to determine the distance of the stars with negative parallaxes. In the second one we will present a method by which it is possible to measure a true parallax. The third method is already presented in [1] and here we will consider only one special case when the velocity of a star is calculated relative to the sun. We tested the methods using data obtained from the Gaia's catalogs.
Category: Astrophysics

[165] viXra:2001.0198 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-10 22:21:40

Analysis of Ground Facilities for Detecting Electromagnetic Signals from Extraterrestrial Civilizations

Authors: Zhi Cheng
Comments: 10 Pages. 7 Figures. Including Russian abstract

This article analyzes the existing facilities for exploring ground radio telescopes for extraterrestrial civilizations. Although many extraterrestrial civilization exploration programs have been implemented, judging from the existing radio telescope facilities, these facilities have not been aligned with the area where advanced extraterrestrial civilizations are located. This is also the reason why nothing has been obtained for a long time in the past. Based on my previous work, this article proposes areas where advanced extraterrestrial civilizations may exist, and points out that according to the current orbital information of the solar system in the Milky Way and the location of the Earth's orbit, the radio telescope installed in the North Pole of the Earth is the best location to receive advanced extraterrestrial civilization signals. Therefore, the Greenland radio telescope on the earth is currently the best choice for receiving advanced extraterrestrial civilization signals. It is suggested that existing extraterrestrial exploration projects such as SETI@home should pool all resources to analyze the data obtained by the Greenland Radio Telescope.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[164] viXra:2001.0197 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-11 00:44:30

Summary of the Completely Inclusive Scientific Faith with Its《The Principle of Natural Laws》——The Trinity Theory

Authors: Yansha Yu-sandstrom
Comments: 11 Pages.

This version, "The three major complementary principles of 《The Principle of Natural Laws》", combined with mathematical natural numbers and their compounding and corresponding, positive and negative numbers, universe variation / invariant constant, universe constant variable set, physical weight and chemical fusing and reduction. to show and unfold it
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[163] viXra:2001.0196 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-11 02:16:36

Deep Learning Create Better Drugs

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 40 Pages.

Now, Purdue University researchers have designed a novel approach to use deep learning to better understand how proteins interact in the body—paving the way to producing accurate structure models of protein interactions involved in various diseases and to design better drugs that specifically target protein interactions. [26] Researchers, from biochemists to material scientists, have long relied on the rich variety of organic molecules to solve pressing challenges. [25] Social, economic, environmental and health inequalities within cities can be detected using street imagery. [24]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[162] viXra:2001.0195 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-11 03:12:39

Cooper-Based Nanomaterials Kill Cancer Cells

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 64 Pages.

An interdisciplinary team of scientists from KU Leuven, the University of Bremen, the Leibniz Institute of Materials Engineering, and the University of Ioannina has succeeded in killing tumour cells in mice using nano-sized copper compounds together with immunotherapy. [36] Johns Hopkins researchers report that a type of biodegradable, lab-engineered nanoparticle they fashioned can successfully deliver a "suicide gene" to pediatric brain tumor cells implanted in the brains of mice. [35] A new study at the University of Georgia has found a way to attack cancer cells that is potentially less harmful to the patient. [34]
Category: Physics of Biology

[161] viXra:2001.0194 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-11 04:18:07

What is a Photon Really?

Authors: Francesco Ferrara
Comments: 5 Pages.

This document implements a photon model, which explains why the photon's energy is equal to the Plank constant reduced for the omega angular pulsation. The model shows that the mass is zero and also the direction of polarization is a clear consequence of the model itself
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[160] viXra:2001.0193 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-11 04:48:37

The Symplectic Seiberg-Witten Equations

Authors: Antoine Balan
Comments: 1 page, written in english

The C-metaplectic group is defined. The symplectic Seiberg-Witten equations are written.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[159] viXra:2001.0192 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-11 04:57:31

Wave Physics Neural Network

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 51 Pages.

Analog machine learning hardware offers a promising alternative to digital counterparts as a more energy efficient and faster platform. Wave physics based on acoustics and optics is a natural candidate to build analog processors for time-varying signals. [29] Recent advances in optical neural networks, however, are closing that gap by simulating the way neurons respond in the human brain. [28] An international team of scientists from Eindhoven University of Technology, University of Texas at Austin, and University of Derby, has developed a revolutionary method that quadratically accelerates artificial intelligence (AI) training algorithms. [27] Predictions for an AI-dominated future are increasingly common, but Antoine Blondeau has experience in reading, and arguably manipulating, the runes-he helped develop technology that evolved into predictive texting and Apple's Siri. [26] Artificial intelligence can improve health care by analyzing data from apps, smartphones and wearable technology. [25] Now, researchers at Google's DeepMind have developed a simple algorithm to handle such reasoning-and it has already beaten humans at a complex image comprehension test. [24] A marimba-playing robot with four arms and eight sticks is writing and playing its own compositions in a lab at the Georgia Institute of Technology. The pieces are generated using artificial intelligence and deep learning. [23] Now, a team of researchers at MIT and elsewhere has developed a new approach to such computations, using light instead of electricity, which they say could vastly improve the speed and efficiency of certain deep learning computations. [22] Physicists have found that the structure of certain types of quantum learning algorithms is very similar to their classical counterparts-a finding that will help scientists further develop the quantum versions. [21]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[158] viXra:2001.0191 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-11 05:38:00

Pros and Cons of Livermorium Nanoparticles for Human Cancer Cells, Tissues and Tumors Treatment under Synchrotron Radiation Using Mathematica 12.0

Authors: Alireza Heidari, Katrina Schmitt1, Maria Henderson, Elizabeth Besana, Ricardo Gobato
Comments: 31 Pages. Alireza Heidari, Katrina Schmitt, Maria Henderson, Elizabeth Besana and Ricardo Gobato. Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.6, n.1, (1-31), January 11, 2020.

When Livermorium nanoparticles are subjected to descendent light, a part of light scattered (emission process) and the other part absorbed (non–emission process). The amount of energy dissipation in non–emission process mainly depends on material and volume of nanoparticles and it can be identified by absorption cross section. At the other hand, emission process which its characteristics are depend on volume, shape and surface characteristics of nanoparticles explains by scattering cross section. Sum of absorption and scattering processes which lead to light dissipation is called extinction cross section. In the current study, thermoplasmonic characteristics of Livermorium nanoparticles with spherical, core–shell and rod shapes are investigated. In order to investigate these characteristics, interaction of synchrotron radiation emission as a function of the beam energy and Livermorium nanoparticles were simulated using 3D finite element method. Firstly, absorption and extinction cross sections were calculated. Then, increases in temperature due to synchrotron radiation emission as a function of the beam energy absorption were calculated in Livermorium nanoparticles by solving heat equation. The obtained results show that Livermorium nanorods are more appropriate option for using in optothermal human cancer cells, tissues and tumors treatment method.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[157] viXra:2001.0190 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-11 06:03:26

Laser Explore Supramolecules

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 66 Pages.

Curtis Menyuk, professor of computer science and electrical engineering at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), has collaborated with a team directed by Philip Russell at the Max-Planck Institute for the Science of Light (MPI) in Erlangen, Germany, to gain insight into naturally-occurring molecular systems using optical solitons in lasers. [41] Researchers have developed a compact laser that emits light with extreme spectral purity that doesn't change in response to environmental conditions. [40] A study led by scientists of the Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter (MPSD) at the Center for Free-Electron Laser Science in Hamburg/Germany presents evidence of the amplification of optical phonons in a solid by intense terahertz laser pulses. [39]
Category: Quantum Physics

[156] viXra:2001.0189 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-11 06:21:09

Laser Pulse of a Light Wave

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 66 Pages.

Physicists in the Laboratory for Attosecond Physics at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet (LMU) in Munich and at the Max Planck Institute for Quantum Optics (MPQ) have developed a novel type of detector that enables the oscillation profile of light waves to be precisely determined. [41] Researchers have developed a compact laser that emits light with extreme spectral purity that doesn't change in response to environmental conditions. [40] A study led by scientists of the Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter (MPSD) at the Center for Free-Electron Laser Science in Hamburg/Germany presents evidence of the amplification of optical phonons in a solid by intense terahertz laser pulses. [39]
Category: Quantum Physics

[155] viXra:2001.0188 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-11 06:33:45

Time in Quantum Theory: Solving the Problem of Time - Introduction to the ToE

Authors: Manfred U.E.Pohl
Comments: 39 Pages.

A Power-Point Lecuture on the original Paper "Solving the Problem of Time" (http://vixra.org/abs/1902.0164) is given to show the context of the Solution of Time in Quantum-Gravity and the Framework for ToE.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[154] viXra:2001.0185 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-10 07:15:43

Ultrafast Birth of Radicals

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 27 Pages.

An international team led by Argonne has visualized the elusive, ultrafast proton transfer process following the ionization of water. [15] Exploring the physics behind the odd microstructure of water-ice may help us learn more about other seemingly unrelated advanced materials and their quantum states. [14] Coupled with SNS, the world's most powerful pulsed accelerator-based neutron source, VENUS will be the only open research facility platform in the US to provide time-of-flight neutron imaging capabilities to users from academia and industry. [13] A spallation neutron source has been used by physicists in Japan to search for possible violations of the inverse square law of gravity. [12] Physicists have proposed a way to test quantum gravity that, in principle, could be performed by a laser-based, table-top experiment using currently available technology. [11] Now however, a new type of materials, the so-called Weyl semimetals, similar to 3-D graphene, allow us to put the symmetry destructing quantum anomaly to work in everyday phenomena, such as the creation of electric current. [10] Physicist Professor Chunnong Zhao and his recent PhD students Haixing Miao and Yiqiu Ma are members of an international team that has created a particularly exciting new design for gravitational wave detectors. [9] A proposal for a gravitational-wave detector made of two space-based atomic clocks has been unveiled by physicists in the US. [8] The gravitational waves were detected by both of the twin Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) detectors, located in Livingston, Louisiana, and Hanford, Washington, USA. [7] A team of researchers with the University of Lisbon has created simulations that indicate that the gravitational waves detected by researchers with the LIGO project, and which are believed to have come about due to two black holes colliding, could just have easily come from another object such as a gravaster (objects which are believed to have their insides made of dark energy) or even a wormhole. In their paper published in Physical Review Letters, the team describes the simulations they created, what was seen and what they are hoping to find in the future. [6] In a landmark discovery for physics and astronomy, international scientists said Thursday they have glimpsed the first direct evidence of gravitational waves, or ripples in space-time, which Albert Einstein predicted a century ago. [5] Scientists at the National Institute for Space Research in Brazil say an undiscovered type of matter could be found in neutron stars (illustration shown). Here matter is so dense that it could be 'squashed' into strange matter. This would create an entire 'strange star'-unlike anything we have seen. [4] The changing acceleration of the electrons explains the created negative electric field of the magnetic induction, the electromagnetic inertia, the changing relativistic mass and the Gravitational Force, giving a Unified Theory of the physical forces. Taking into account the Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators also, we can explain the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions.
Category: Condensed Matter

[153] viXra:2001.0184 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-10 07:32:30

Bilingual Basic Codes for Life

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 35 Pages.

The nucleic acids of DNA encode genetic information, while the amino acids of proteins contain the code to turn that information into structures and functions. [22] Histones are proteins that regulate the unwinding of DNA in the cell nucleus and the expression of genes based on chemical modifications or "marks" that are placed on their tails. [21] Now, in a new paper published in Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Mayo researchers have determined how one DNA repair protein gets to the site of DNA damage. [20] A microscopic thread of DNA evidence in a public genealogy database led California authorities to declare this spring they had caught the Golden State Killer, the rapist and murderer who had eluded authorities for decades. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18] An LMU team now reveals the inner workings of a molecular motor made of proteins which packs and unpacks DNA. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15] Scientists from Moscow State University (MSU) working with an international team of researchers have identified the structure of one of the key regions of telomerase-a so-called "cellular immortality" ribonucleoprotein. [14] Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University used a light-sensitive iridium-palladium catalyst to make "sequential" polymers, using visible light to change how building blocks are combined into polymer chains. [13] Researchers have fused living and non-living cells for the first time in a way that allows them to work together, paving the way for new applications. [12]
Category: Physics of Biology

[152] viXra:2001.0183 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-10 08:10:40

Twist in a Quantum System

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 55 Pages.

Physicists at ETH Zurich have observed a surprising twist in a quantum system caused by the interplay between energy dissipation and coherent quantum dynamics. [35] Cloning of quantum states is used for eavesdropping in quantum cryptography. [34] Researchers at the Center for Quantum Nanoscience within the Institute for Basic Science (IBS) have made a major breakthrough in controlling the quantum properties of single atoms. [33] A team of researchers from several institutions in Japan has described a physical system that can be described as existing above "absolute hot" and also below absolute zero. [32] A silicon-based quantum computing device could be closer than ever due to a new experimental device that demonstrates the potential to use light as a messenger to connect quantum bits of information-known as qubits-that are not immediately adjacent to each other. [31] Researchers at the University of Bristol's Quantum Engineering Technology Labs have demonstrated a new type of silicon chip that can help building and testing quantum computers and could find their way into your mobile phone to secure information. [30] Theoretical physicists propose to use negative interference to control heat flow in quantum devices. [29] Particle physicists are studying ways to harness the power of the quantum realm to further their research. [28] A fundamental barrier to scaling quantum computing machines is "qubit interference." In new research published in Science Advances, engineers and physicists from Rigetti Computing describe a breakthrough that can expand the size of practical quantum processors by reducing interference. [26] The search and manipulation of novel properties emerging from the quantum nature of matter could lead to next-generation electronics and quantum computers. [25]
Category: Quantum Physics

[151] viXra:2001.0182 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-10 08:37:47

Photons Protons and Quarks, Hypotheses Contrary to the Standard Model of Particle Physics

Authors: Bruce A. Lutgen
Comments: 30 Pages.

What is presented in the following pages is somewhat of a straightforward engineering approach to quantum particle physics. This approach is integrated to an extent with the considerable work done by those in the physics community. I became aware of what I would call conundrums in what was being presented in the literature on quantum particle physics. My engineering approach to resolving these alleged conundrums is seemingly ideal (to me anyway), but then surely time and others will tell.
Category: Quantum Physics

[150] viXra:2001.0181 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-10 09:37:40

Controlling Qubits via Microwave Pulses

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 70 Pages.

In order to reduce error rates even further and provide reliable operations much faster, researchers at Leibniz University Hannover and Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) have now developed a new method. [45] Scientists with the Institute for Molecular Engineering at the University of Chicago have made two breakthroughs in the quest to develop quantum technology. [44] A theoretical concept to realize quantum information processing has been developed by Professor Guido Burkard and his team of physicists at the University of Konstanz. [43] As the number of hacks and security breaches rapidly climbs, scientists say there may be a way to make a truly unhackable network by using the laws of quantum physics. [42] This world-first nanophotonic device, just unveiled in Nature Communications, encodes more data and processes it much faster than conventional fiber optics by using a special form of 'twisted' light. [41] Purdue University researchers created a new technique that would increase the secret bit rate 100-fold, to over 35 million photons per second. [40] Physicists at The City College of New York have used atomically thin two-dimensional materials to realize an array of quantum emitters operating at room temperature that can be integrated into next generation quantum communication systems. [39] Research in the quantum optics lab of Prof. Barak Dayan in the Weizmann Institute of Science may be bringing the development of such computers one step closer by providing the "quantum gates" that are required for communication within and between such quantum computers. [38] Calculations of a quantum system's behavior can spiral out of control when they involve more than a handful of particles. [37]
Category: Quantum Physics

[149] viXra:2001.0180 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-10 09:58:38

Nanoprobes Reveal Hidden Magnetism

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 39 Pages.

The multimodal nanoscience approach to studying quantum physics phenomena is, they say, a "technological leap for how scientists can explore quantum materials to unearth new phenomena and guide future functional engineering of these materials for real-world applications." [29] Researchers have developed a three-dimensional dynamic model of an interaction between light and nanoparticles. [28] Scientists from ITMO University have developed effective nanoscale light sources based on halide perovskite. [27] Physicists have developed a technique based on optical microscopy that can be used to create images of atoms on the nanoscale. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24] In a joint research project, scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI), the Technische Universität Berlin (TU) and the University of Rostock have managed for the first time to image free nanoparticles in a laboratory experiment using a highintensity laser source. [23] For the first time, researchers have built a nanolaser that uses only a single molecular layer, placed on a thin silicon beam, which operates at room temperature. [22] A team of engineers at Caltech has discovered how to use computer-chip manufacturing technologies to create the kind of reflective materials that make safety vests, running shoes, and road signs appear shiny in the dark. [21] In the September 23th issue of the Physical Review Letters, Prof. Julien Laurat and his team at Pierre and Marie Curie University in Paris (Laboratoire Kastler Brossel-LKB) report that they have realized an efficient mirror consisting of only 2000 atoms. [20] Physicists at MIT have now cooled a gas of potassium atoms to several nanokelvins-just a hair above absolute zero-and trapped the atoms within a two-dimensional sheet of an optical lattice created by crisscrossing lasers. Using a high-resolution microscope, the researchers took images of the cooled atoms residing in the lattice. [19]
Category: Condensed Matter

[148] viXra:2001.0179 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-10 10:06:52

On Some Ramanujan’s Equations of Manuscript Book 2. Further New Possible Mathematical Connections with Some Parameters of Particle Physics and Cosmology. V

Authors: Michele Nardelli, Antonio Nardelli
Comments: 59 Pages.

In this research thesis, we continue to analyze and deepen further Ramanujan’s equations of Manuscript Book 2 and describe new possible mathematical connections with some parameters of Particle Physics and Cosmology.
Category: Number Theory

[147] viXra:2001.0178 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-10 10:20:06

Alpha DaRT Treatment Human Trial

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 67 Pages.

Researchers in Israel have now published the positive results of a first-in-human clinical study evaluating the feasibility, safety and efficacy of this novel radiotherapy technique. [36] Johns Hopkins researchers report that a type of biodegradable, lab-engineered nanoparticle they fashioned can successfully deliver a "suicide gene" to pediatric brain tumor cells implanted in the brains of mice. [35] A new study at the University of Georgia has found a way to attack cancer cells that is potentially less harmful to the patient. [34] Doctors have used focused ultrasound to destroy tumors without invasive surgery for some time. However, the therapeutic ultrasound used in clinics today indiscriminately damages cancer and healthy cells alike. [33]
Category: Physics of Biology

[146] viXra:2001.0177 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-10 10:36:32

Nutrient Flow in the Brain

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 66 Pages.

A new model based on the blood-vessel network in a rat brain shows that the vessel position within its circulatory network does not influence the blood flow nor how nutrients are transported. [36]
Category: Physics of Biology

[145] viXra:2001.0176 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-10 14:09:00

Sustaining Wavefunction Coherence via Topological Impedance Matching: Stable Polarized Muon Beams at 255 x 255 GeV/c?

Authors: Peter Cameron
Comments: 12 Pages. Great news, eRHIC has been awarded to Brookhaven

What the Hell is Going On?" is Peter Woit's 'Not Even Wrong' blog comment on Nima Arkani- Hamed's view of the barren state of LHC physics, the long-dreaded Desert[1]. Two essential indispensibles - geometric wavefunctions and quantized impedances of wavefunction interactions - are absent from particle theory, the community oblivious, mired in the consequent four decades of stagnation. Synthesis of the two offers a complementary Standard Model perspective, examining not conservation of energy and its flow between kinetic and potential of Hamiltonian and Lagrangian, but rather what governs amplitude and phase of that flow, quantum impedance matching of geometric wavefunction interactions. Applied to muon decay, the model suggests that translation gauge fields (RF cavities) of relativistic lifetime enhancement might be augmented by introducing rotation gauge fields of carefully chosen topological impedances to an accelerator.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[144] viXra:2001.0175 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-10 14:30:15

Com'è Fatto un Fotone

Authors: Francesco Ferrara
Comments: 5 Pages.

Il documento implementa un modello fisico e matematico per un fotone che restituisce tutte le caratteristiche distintive di questa peculiare particella.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[143] viXra:2001.0173 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-09 19:57:17

A Remark on an Archimedan Square of a Triangle Associated with an Arbelos

Authors: Hiroshi Okumura, Ercole Suppa
Comments: 3 Pages.

We consider squares with Archimedean incircle arising from a triangle associated with an arbelos.
Category: Geometry

[142] viXra:2001.0172 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-09 20:32:33

Ladder Paradox Solution

Authors: Genrih Leonidovich Arutyunov
Comments: 6 Pages.

Length contraction and solution the ladder paradox (language German).
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[141] viXra:2001.0171 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-10 03:38:26

The Etymology of the Word Time

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 8 Pages. -

The probable etymology of the word denoting the physical concept of TIME is considered.
Category: Linguistics

[140] viXra:2001.0169 [pdf] replaced on 2022-01-27 07:10:40

The Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer Conjecture & the Conservation of Super-Gravity: on Stargates and Warp Drives

Authors: Nicholas R. Wright
Comments: 3 Pages.

An addendum to two previously published papers: On the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture and ERG Theory, and Planar Yang-Mills 101; respectively. I formulate a law for the conservation of supergravity, called the law of conservation of extreme grav in the Planar Yang-Mills 101 paper. I then construct a stargate or warp drive with the spatial localization problem and the circle of Apollonius. An allusion to bearing off checkers in the game of backgammon is made.
Category: Astrophysics

[139] viXra:2001.0168 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-10 05:05:37

Measure of Universe's Expansion

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 26 Pages.

A team of astronomers using NASA's Hubble Space Telescope has measured the universe's expansion rate using a technique that is completely independent of any previous method. [10] Researchers playing with a cloud of ultracold atoms uncovered behavior that bears a striking resemblance to the universe in microcosm. [9] Gravitational waves may be produced in the heart of the galaxy, says a new study led by Ph.D. student Joseph Fernandez at Liverpool John Moores University. [8]
Category: Astrophysics

[138] viXra:2001.0167 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-10 05:42:53

Smallest Dark Matter Clumps

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 44 Pages.

Now, using Hubble and a new observing technique, astronomers have found that dark matter forms much smaller clumps than previously known. [28] The CASPEr team is developing special nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques, each targeted at a specific frequency range and therefore at a specific range of dark-matter particle masses. [27] This week, scientists from around the world who gathered at the University of California, Los Angeles, at the Dark Matter 2018 Symposium learned of new results in the search for evidence of the elusive material in Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) by the DarkSide-50 detector. [26] If they exist, axions, among the candidates for dark matter particles, could interact with the matter comprising the universe, but at a much weaker extent than previously theorized. New, rigorous constraints on the properties of axions have been proposed by an international team of scientists. [25] The intensive, worldwide search for dark matter, the missing mass in the universe, has so far failed to find an abundance of dark, massive stars or scads of strange new weakly interacting particles, but a new candidate is slowly gaining followers and observational support. [24] "We invoke a different theory, the self-interacting dark matter model or SIDM, to show that dark matter self-interactions thermalize the inner halo, which ties ordinary dark matter and dark matter distributions together so that they behave like a collective unit." [23] Technology proposed 30 years ago to search for dark matter is finally seeing the light. [22] They're looking for dark matter-the stuff that theoretically makes up a quarter of our universe. [21] Results from its first run indicate that XENON1T is the most sensitive dark matter detector on Earth. [20]
Category: Astrophysics

[137] viXra:2001.0166 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-10 06:53:51

Drones Navigate Complex Environments

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 64 Pages.

The flight navigation strategy of moths can be used to develop programs that help drones to navigate unfamiliar environments, report Ioannis Paschalidis at Boston University, Thomas Daniel at University of Washington, and colleagues, in the open-access journal PLOS Computational Biology. [36] Johns Hopkins researchers report that a type of biodegradable, lab-engineered nanoparticle they fashioned can successfully deliver a "suicide gene" to pediatric brain tumor cells implanted in the brains of mice. [35]
Category: Physics of Biology

[136] viXra:2001.0165 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-09 10:54:09

Studies on Protein Synthesis Within a Theoretical Model

Authors: Tumpa Saha, Biplab Chattopadhyay
Comments: 11 pages, 3 figures, published in IOSR Journal Of Pharmacy And Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS), Volume 14, Issue 5 Ser. II (2019), PP. 10-20

Synthesis of proteins through the phenomenological pathway of transcription and translation, that constitutes the central dogma, has been explored theoretically. Emphasizing the closed-cycle character of the phenomenon, a prototype of the same is framed in mathematical terms with the biological inputs from allied literature. The mathematical prototype is actually a set of three coupled time differential equations signifying time rate of change of DNA, RNA and protein densities occurring in the biological cells of eukaryotes. The prototype has been scrutinized by well-set mathematical tools in regard of its sustainability under detailed stability tests. To judge exact behavioural pattern of the prototype solutions, rigorous numerical simulations of the time differential equations are carried out. Analyses of numerical simulation results with various changing parameters lead to predictive conclusions about different regulatory mechanisms existing in the protein synthesis phenomenology. Some future research directions are indicated too.
Category: Quantitative Biology

[135] viXra:2001.0164 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-09 11:19:39

Illuminating Nanoparticles

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 47 Pages.

Scientists at the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST) have developed a light-based device that can act as a biosensor, detecting biological substances in materials; for example, harmful pathogens in food samples. [34] A tightly focused, circularly polarized spatially phase-modulated beam of light formed an optical ring trap. [33] Scientists at Tokyo Institute of Technology proposed new quasi-1-D materials for potential spintronic applications, an upcoming technology that exploits the spin of electrons. [32] They do this by using "excitons," electrically neutral quasiparticles that exist in insulators, semiconductors and in some liquids. [31] Researchers at ETH Zurich have now developed a method that makes it possible to couple such a spin qubit strongly to microwave photons. [30] Quantum dots that emit entangled photon pairs on demand could be used in quantum communication networks. [29] Researchers successfully integrated the systems-donor atoms and quantum dots. [28] A team of researchers including U of A engineering and physics faculty has developed a new method of detecting single photons, or light particles, using quantum dots. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24] In a joint research project, scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI), the Technische Universität Berlin (TU) and the University of Rostock have managed for the first time to image free nanoparticles in a laboratory experiment using a highintensity laser source. [23] For the first time, researchers have built a nanolaser that uses only a single molecular layer, placed on a thin silicon beam, which operates at room temperature. [22]
Category: Physics of Biology

[134] viXra:2001.0163 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-09 11:40:08

Randomness AttoPhotography

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 50 Pages.

One of the last obstacles hindering the photography and filming of processes occurring on a scale of attoseconds, i.e. billionths of a billionth of a second, has disappeared. [32] "The realization of such all-optical single-photon devices will be a large step towards deterministic multi-mode entanglement generation as well as high-fidelity photonic quantum gates that are crucial for all-optical quantum information processing," says Tanji-Suzuki. [31] Researchers at ETH have now used attosecond laser pulses to measure the time evolution of this effect in molecules. [30] A new benchmark quantum chemical calculation of C2, Si2, and their hydrides reveals a qualitative difference in the topologies of core electron orbitals of organic molecules and their silicon analogues. [29] A University of Central Florida team has designed a nanostructured optical sensor that for the first time can efficiently detect molecular chirality-a property of molecular spatial twist that defines its biochemical properties. [28] UCLA scientists and engineers have developed a new process for assembling semiconductor devices. [27] A new experiment that tests the limit of how large an object can be before it ceases to behave quantum mechanically has been proposed by physicists in the UK and India. [26] Phonons are discrete units of vibrational energy predicted by quantum mechanics that correspond to collective oscillations of atoms inside a molecule or a crystal. [25] This achievement is considered as an important landmark for the realization of practical application of photon upconversion technology. [24] Considerable interest in new single-photon detector technologies has been scaling in this past decade. [23] Engineers develop key mathematical formula for driving quantum experiments. [22]
Category: Quantum Physics

[133] viXra:2001.0162 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-09 11:58:05

Milestone in Advanced Light Source

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 55 Pages.

An upgrade of the Advanced Light Source (ALS) at the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) has passed an important milestone that will help to maintain the ALS' world-leading capabilities. [33] One of the last obstacles hindering the photography and filming of processes occurring on a scale of attoseconds, i.e. billionths of a billionth of a second, has disappeared. [32] "The realization of such all-optical single-photon devices will be a large step towards deterministic multi-mode entanglement generation as well as high-fidelity photonic quantum gates that are crucial for all-optical quantum information processing," says Tanji-Suzuki. [31] Researchers at ETH have now used attosecond laser pulses to measure the time evolution of this effect in molecules. [30] A new benchmark quantum chemical calculation of C2, Si2, and their hydrides reveals a qualitative difference in the topologies of core electron orbitals of organic molecules and their silicon analogues. [29] A University of Central Florida team has designed a nanostructured optical sensor that for the first time can efficiently detect molecular chirality-a property of molecular spatial twist that defines its biochemical properties. [28] UCLA scientists and engineers have developed a new process for assembling semiconductor devices. [27] A new experiment that tests the limit of how large an object can be before it ceases to behave quantum mechanically has been proposed by physicists in the UK and India. [26] Phonons are discrete units of vibrational energy predicted by quantum mechanics that correspond to collective oscillations of atoms inside a molecule or a crystal. [25] This achievement is considered as an important landmark for the realization of practical application of photon upconversion technology. [24] Considerable interest in new single-photon detector technologies has been scaling in this past decade. [23]
Category: Quantum Physics

[132] viXra:2001.0161 [pdf] replaced on 2022-01-23 13:36:59

On the Erdos-Ulam Problem in the Plane.

Authors: Theophilus Agama
Comments: 8 Pages. A few technicalities resolved regarding the scale of compression and the inequality in the notion of points contained in a compression ball has been made strict. This is because the case of equality is treated separately as admissible points.

In this paper we apply the method of compression to construct a dense set of points in the plane at rational distance from each other. We provide a positive solution to the Erd˝os-Ulam problem.
Category: Topology

[131] viXra:2001.0160 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-09 15:09:47

Expansiviy Theory

Authors: Theophilus Agama
Comments: 44 Pages.

In this paper we introduce and develop the concept of expansivity of a tuple whose entries are elements from the polynomial ring R[x]. As an inverse problem, we examine how to recover a tuple from the expanded tuple at any given phase of expansion. We convert the celebrated Sendov conjecture concerning the distribution of zeros of polynomials and their critical points into this language and prove some weak variants of this conjecture. We also apply this to the existence of solutions to differential equations. In particular, we show that a certain system of differential equation has no non-trivial solution.
Category: Algebra

[130] viXra:2001.0159 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-09 15:25:30

The Behaviour of Light in Gravitational Fields

Authors: Martin Beecroft Roberts
Comments: 5 Pages.

We discuss the equivalence principle and how this relates to the gravitational fields of large bodies. We derive formulas relating to time dilation and acceleration with respect to accelerating reference frames. We conclude with an assessment of the possibility of the existence of an astronomical body or ‘Black Hole’ capable of halting the velocity of light.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[129] viXra:2001.0158 [pdf] replaced on 2020-01-09 16:40:08

A Four Circle Problem and Division by Zero

Authors: Hiroshi Okumura
Comments: 8 Pages.

We generalize a problem involving four circles and a triangle, and consider some limiting cases of the problem by division by zero.
Category: Geometry

[128] viXra:2001.0157 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-09 17:47:32

Production of Reduced Aluminum Nanoparticles from Aluminum Oxide by Applying High Voltage Pulses to Solutions

Authors: T. Saiki, S. Taniguchi
Comments: 6 Pages.

Metal nanoparticles has been attracted as raw materials for nanoinks and nanopastes, which are used to Printed Electronics. Synthesizing various metal nanoparticles has been researched. We investigated possibility of reducing metal oxide to metal by high-voltage pulses in this paper. This method should save electrical consumption power compared to conventional methods using high-temperature and high-pressure plasma such as arc discharge. Reduced Al nanoparticles were obtained by applying high voltage pulses to solutions. It was found from hydrogen generation using reduced Al nanoparticles by applying high voltage pulses to solutions to evaluate reduction rate that a high reduction efficiency of 97% was obtained at maximum. We concluded that using high voltage pulses for reduction is suitable for application to printed electronics because oxide film on reduced Al nanoparticles is thin. Also, because this method is similar to laser ablation in liquids using pulse lasers, the similarities were discussed in this paper.
Category: Classical Physics

[127] viXra:2001.0156 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-08 21:02:40

Developing Compatible Metrics for Distinctive Forms of Energy

Authors: Julian R Silverman
Comments: 10 Pages.

The development of practical metrics allows for a more accurate and precise measurement and comparison of different products and processes. Clearly defining these measures not only allows for the standardized comparison of raw materials or finished products through life cycle assessments, but also important considerations regarding the sustainability of material transformations and energy consumption. Though we know there exist distinctive forms of energy, from examples such as mechanical to electrical and even dark energy, the derived unit of Joule or an equivalent unit is used to quantify phenomenon that are inherently incompatible with the Joule’s composite base units (eg. charge and kilogram). Herein we explore a set of derived units to quantify the extensive properties of energy not relating to the motion of masses and develop relations equating changes in mass, charge, and distance over time to chemical, gravitational, ionization, electrical, and magnetic energy. Using natural constants to form limits for mass and charge flow akin to the speed of light it is possible to come up with simple relations to both accurately describe these forms of energy and more precisely relate them. This may serve to not only allow for a more clear understanding of different forms of energy and work, but also serve to help those interested in quantifying and minimizing energy inputs by clearly delineating between forms of energy.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[126] viXra:2001.0155 [pdf] replaced on 2020-01-29 06:53:58

Structure Model of Atomic Nuclei

Authors: Michael Tzoumpas
Comments: 8 Pages.

Neutrons are the particles that move on circular orbits inside the nuclei (with the remaining half of their kinetic energy) around immobilized protons which have spin only. If protons were rotating they would cause orbital magnetism, which has never been observed, beyond magnetic dipole moment of nucleons spin. In addition, no regression of proton has occurred, because it would cause alternating magnetism, which has also never been observed. The first nuclear units are the deuterium, the tritium, the helium-3 and the helium-4, which is the basic structure unit of the large nuclei. The spin, the magnetic moment and the mass deficit of the above units and of the bonding neutrons are the three experimental constants upon which the nuclei structure is based.
Category: Quantum Physics

[125] viXra:2001.0154 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-09 03:54:06

Extend Lifespan by 500%

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 61 Pages.

The increase in lifespan would be the equivalent of a human living for 400 or 500 years, according to one of the scientists. [34] Doctors have used focused ultrasound to destroy tumors without invasive surgery for some time. However, the therapeutic ultrasound used in clinics today indiscriminately damages cancer and healthy cells alike. [33] Scientists in the UK have shown for the first time that focused ultrasound from outside the body can improve the delivery of cancer drugs to tumors in humans. [32] The discovery could help us better understand aging and eventually could lead to new treatments for cancer. [31]
Category: Physics of Biology

[124] viXra:2001.0153 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-09 04:15:21

Salt Nanoparticles Toxic to Cancer Cells

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 61 Pages.

A new study at the University of Georgia has found a way to attack cancer cells that is potentially less harmful to the patient. [34] Doctors have used focused ultrasound to destroy tumors without invasive surgery for some time. However, the therapeutic ultrasound used in clinics today indiscriminately damages cancer and healthy cells alike. [33] Scientists in the UK have shown for the first time that focused ultrasound from outside the body can improve the delivery of cancer drugs to tumors in humans. [32] The discovery could help us better understand aging and eventually could lead to new treatments for cancer. [31] A research team at the University of Delaware, led by Emily Day, an assistant professor of biomedical engineering, is laying the groundwork for a method to inhibit cancer-promoting genes in cancer cells while leaving healthy cells intact. [30] Researchers have moved closer to the real-time verification of hadron therapy, demonstrating the in vivo accuracy of simulations that predict particle range in the patient. [29] A biomimetic nanosystem can deliver therapeutic proteins to selectively target cancerous tumors, according to a team of Penn State researchers. [28] Sunlight is essential for all life, and living organisms have evolved to sense and respond to light. [27] Using X-ray laser technology, a team led by researchers of the Paul Scherrer Institute PSI has recorded one of the fastest processes in biology. [26] A Virginia Commonwealth University researcher has developed a procedure for identifying the source of cells present in a forensic biological sample that could change how cell types are identified in samples across numerous industries. [25] In work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland in College Park, researchers have devised and demonstrated a new way to measure free energy. [24]
Category: Physics of Biology

[123] viXra:2001.0152 [pdf] replaced on 2020-06-16 17:28:22

Assuming C

Authors: Abdelmajid Ben Hadj Salem
Comments: 7 Pages. Submitted to the journal "Publications of the Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences (PRIMS),Japan.

In this paper, assuming that c0, for a,b,c positive integers relatively prime with c=a+b, we have c Category: Number Theory

[122] viXra:2001.0151 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-09 04:58:51

Naturally Numbers Are Three Plus One Dimensional Final

Authors: Surajit Ghosh
Comments: 40 Pages.

Riemann hypothesis stands proved in three different ways.To prove Riemann hypothesis from the functional equation concept of Delta function is introduced similar to Gamma and Pi function. Other two proofs are derived using Eulers formula and elementary algebra. Analytically continuing gamma and zeta function to an extended domain, poles and zeros of zeta values are redefined. Hodge conjecture, BSD conjecture are also proved using zeta values. Other prime conjectures like Goldbach conjecture, Twin prime conjecture etc.. are also proved in the light of new understanding of primes. Numbers are proved to be multidimensional as worked out by Hamilton. Logarithm of negative and complex numbers are redefined using extended number system. Factorial of negative and complex numbers are redefined using values of Delta function.
Category: Number Theory

[121] viXra:2001.0147 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-09 05:06:22

Number Theory and Cosmology and Particle Physics

Authors: Surajit Ghosh
Comments: 47 Pages.

Riemann hypothesis stands proved in three different ways.To prove Riemann hypothesis from the functional equation concept of Delta function is introduced similar to Gamma and Pi function. Other two proofs are derived using Eulers formula and elementary algebra. Analytically continuing gamma and zeta function to an extended domain, poles and zeros of zeta values are redefined. Hodge conjecture, BSD conjecture are also proved using zeta values. Other prime conjectures like Goldbach conjecture, Twin prime conjecture etc.. are also proved in the light of new understanding of primes. Numbers are proved to be multidimensional as worked out by Hamilton. Logarithm of negative and complex numbers are redefined using extended number system. Factorial of negative and complex numbers are redefined using values of Delta function.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[120] viXra:2001.0146 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-09 05:10:59

Amorphous Carbon Monolayer Evidence

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 48 Pages.

Thanks to the team's successful development and findings, the reproducible approach opens the door for research into the growth of other amorphous two-dimensional materials. [30] Carbon nanotubes-cylindrical formations of carbon atoms with incredible strength and electrical conductivity-hold great promise for creating new micron-scale low-power electronic devices. [29] An electrically conductive hydrogel that takes stretchability, self-healing and strain sensitivity to new limits has been developed at KAUST. [28] UCLA scientists and engineers have developed a new process for assembling semiconductor devices. [27] A new experiment that tests the limit of how large an object can be before it ceases to behave quantum mechanically has been proposed by physicists in the UK and India. [26] Phonons are discrete units of vibrational energy predicted by quantum mechanics that correspond to collective oscillations of atoms inside a molecule or a crystal. [25] This achievement is considered as an important landmark for the realization of practical application of photon upconversion technology. [24] Considerable interest in new single-photon detector technologies has been scaling in this past decade. [23] Engineers develop key mathematical formula for driving quantum experiments. [22] Physicists are developing quantum simulators, to help solve problems that are beyond the reach of conventional computers. [21] Engineers at Australia's University of New South Wales have invented a radical new architecture for quantum computing, based on novel 'flip-flop qubits', that promises to make the large-scale manufacture of quantum chips dramatically cheaper-and easier-than thought possible. [20]
Category: Condensed Matter

[119] viXra:2001.0145 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-09 05:41:53

Nanoparticles Therapy to Brain Tumors

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 63 Pages.

Johns Hopkins researchers report that a type of biodegradable, lab-engineered nanoparticle they fashioned can successfully deliver a "suicide gene" to pediatric brain tumor cells implanted in the brains of mice. [35] A new study at the University of Georgia has found a way to attack cancer cells that is potentially less harmful to the patient. [34] Doctors have used focused ultrasound to destroy tumors without invasive surgery for some time. However, the therapeutic ultrasound used in clinics today indiscriminately damages cancer and healthy cells alike. [33]
Category: Physics of Biology

[118] viXra:2001.0144 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-09 05:52:45

On Various Ramanujan’s Equations of Manuscript Book 2. New Possible Mathematical Connections with Some Parameters of Particle Physics and Black Holes Physics. IV

Authors: Michele Nardelli, Antonio Nardelli
Comments: 59 Pages.

In this research thesis, we continue to analyze and deepen further Ramanujan’s equations of Manuscript Book 2 and described new possible mathematical connections with some parameters of Particle Physics and Black Holes Physics.
Category: Number Theory

[117] viXra:2001.0143 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-09 06:02:08

Nano Antennas Data Transfer

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 95 Pages.

Physicists from the University of Würzburg have converted electrical signals into photons and radiated them in specific directions using a low-footprint optical antenna that is only 800 nanometers in size. [58] Prospective digital data storage devices predominantly rely on novel fundamental magnetic phenomena. [57] Scientists at Linköping University have shown how a quantum computer really works and have managed to simulate quantum computer properties in a classical computer. [56] Scientists from the University of Bath, working with a colleague at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, have devised an ingenious method of controlling the vapour by coating the interior of containers with nanoscopic gold particles 300,000 times smaller than a pinhead. [55]
Category: Digital Signal Processing

[116] viXra:2001.0142 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-09 07:19:48

Physics is Main Science of Nature \\\***/// ФИЗИКА – ГЛАВНАЯ НАУКА О ПРИРОДЕ

Authors: Robert Yusupov
Comments: 34 Pages. Only in Russian (please learn Russian) Physics – Main Science of Nature © Robert Yusupov JAN 09 2020

Наблюдая, повседневно общаясь, практически осваивая, постоянно контактируя и взаимодействуя с природой, изучая, познавая и осмысливая природу, мы приходим к выводу, что природа материальна и диалектична. Материальность природы означает, что, в конце концов, все тела (предметы, объекты, вещи) в природе состоят из дискретных, минимальных материальных частиц. Диалектичность природы означает, что все материальные тела природы находятся в постоянном движении (перемещении, изменении, эволюции, развитии). Материальность и диалектичность природы это установленные факты и это принципы природы. Природа в своей основе является диалектико-материалистической. Вот из этого и надо исходить при дальнейшем познании природы. Предложенная в настоящей статье модель мироздания, природы является диалектико-материалистической моделью. Но именно такова природа в реальности./////*****\\\\\ Observing, daily communicating, practically mastering, constantly contacting and interacting with nature, studying, cognizing and comprehending nature, we come to the conclusion that nature is material and dialectical. The materiality of nature means that, in the end, all bodies (objects, objects, things) in nature consist of discrete, minimal material particles. The dialectic of nature means that all material bodies of nature are in constant motion (movement, change, evolution, development). The materiality and dialectic of nature are established facts and these are the principles of nature. Nature at its core is dialectical materialistic. It is from this that we must proceed with a further knowledge of nature. The model of the universe, nature proposed in this article is a dialectical materialistic model. But that is exactly nature in reality. Keywods: Nature, Universe, dialectic materialism, matter, time, quantum of matter, quantum of time, dialectics, science, physics, cosmology, physical quantity
Category: Classical Physics

[115] viXra:2001.0141 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-09 08:00:06

Quantum Computer with up to 61 Qubits

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 94 Pages.

Researchers at the University of Chicago and Argonne National Laboratory significantly reduced this gap by using data compression techniques to fit a 61-qubit simulation of Grover's quantum search algorithm on a large supercomputer with 0.4 percent error. [57] Quantum computation represents a fundamental shift that is now under way. What is most exciting is not what we can do with with a quantum computer today, but the undiscovered truths it will reveal tomorrow. [56] Scientists from the University of Bath, working with a colleague at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, have devised an ingenious method of controlling the vapour by coating the interior of containers with nanoscopic gold particles 300,000 times smaller than a pinhead. [55] Significant technical and financial issues remain towards building a large, fault-tolerant quantum computer and one is unlikely to be built within the coming decade. [54] Chemists at Friedrich Schiller University in Jena (Germany) have now synthesised a molecule that can perform the function of a computing unit in a quantum computer. [53] The research team developed the first optical microchip to generate, manipulate and detect a particular state of light called squeezed vacuum, which is essential for HYPERLINK "https://phys.org/tags/quantum/" quantum computation. [52] Australian scientists have investigated new directions to scale up qubits-utilising the spin-orbit coupling of atom qubits-adding a new suite of tools to the armory. [51]
Category: Quantum Physics

[114] viXra:2001.0140 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-09 08:19:05

LIGO-Virgo Neutron-Star Merger

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 44 Pages.

Gravitational waves from the merger of two neutron stars were observed by the LIGO Livingston detector on 25 April 2019-according to an international team of astrophysicists in the LIGO and Virgo collaborations. [26] Just a year ago, the National Science Foundation-funded Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory, or LIGO, was picking up whispers of gravitational waves every month or so. Now, a new addition to the system is enabling the instruments to detect these ripples in space-time nearly every week. Achieving strong light-matter interaction at the quantum level has always been a central task in quantum physics since the emergence of quantum information and quantum control. [25] Operation at the single-photon level raises the possibility of developing entirely new communication and computing devices, ranging from hardware random number generators to quantum computers. [24] Considerable interest in new single-photon detector technologies has been scaling in this past decade. [23] Engineers develop key mathematical formula for driving quantum experiments. [22] Physicists are developing quantum simulators, to help solve problems that are beyond the reach of conventional computers. [21] Engineers at Australia's University of New South Wales have invented a radical new architecture for quantum computing, based on novel 'flip-flop qubits', that promises to make the large-scale manufacture of quantum chips dramatically cheaper-and easier-than thought possible. [20] A team of researchers from the U.S. and Italy has built a quantum memory device that is approximately 1000 times smaller than similar devices-small enough to install on a chip. [19] The cutting edge of data storage research is working at the level of individual atoms and molecules, representing the ultimate limit of technological miniaturisation. [18] This is an important clue for our theoretical understanding of optically controlled magnetic data storage media. [17]
Category: Astrophysics

[113] viXra:2001.0138 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-08 09:18:16

Quantized Anomalous Hall Effect

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 26 Pages.

The quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) effect can combine topology and magnetism to produce precisely quantized Hall resistance at zero magnetic field (an environment carefully screened from magnetic fields). [12] Using ultracold atoms trapped in a periodically modulated two-dimensional superlattice potential, the scientists could observe a dynamical version of a novel type of quantum Hall effect that is predicted to occur in four-dimensional systems. [11] Using two types of "designer" quantum dots, researchers are creating double-pane solar windows that generate electricity with greater efficiency and create shading and insulation for good measure. [10] Nearly 75 years ago, Nobel Prize-winning physicist Erwin Schrödinger wondered if the mysterious world of quantum mechanics played a role in biology. A recent finding by Northwestern University's Prem Kumar adds further evidence that the answer might be yes. [9] A UNSW Australia-led team of researchers has discovered how algae that survive in very low levels of light are able to switch on and off a weird quantum phenomenon that occurs during photosynthesis. [8] This paper contains the review of quantum entanglement investigations in living systems, and in the quantum mechanically modeled photoactive prebiotic kernel systems. [7] The human body is a constant flux of thousands of chemical/biological interactions and processes connecting molecules, cells, organs, and fluids, throughout the brain, body, and nervous system. Up until recently it was thought that all these interactions operated in a linear sequence, passing on information much like a runner passing the baton to the next runner. However, the latest findings in quantum biology and biophysics have discovered that there is in fact a tremendous degree of coherence within all living systems. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to understand the Quantum Biology.
Category: Quantum Physics

[112] viXra:2001.0137 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-08 10:14:30

Extreme Ultraviolet Laser Pulses

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 22 Pages.

A team headed by Professor Frank Stienkemeier at Freiburg's Institute of Physics and Dr. Marcel Mudrich, professor at the University of Aarhus in Denmark, has observed the ultrafast reaction of nanodroplets of helium after excitation with extreme ultraviolet radiation (XUV) using a free-electron laser in real time. [15] Researchers have demonstrated a new all-optical technique for creating robust second-order nonlinear effects in materials that don't normally support them. [14] A research team led by physicists at LMU Munich reports a significant advance in laser-driven particle acceleration. [13] And now, physicists at and their collaborators have demonstrated that computers are ready to tackle the universe's greatest mysteries. [12] The Nuclear Physics with Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics Collaboration (NPLQCD), under the umbrella of the U.S. Quantum Chromodynamics Collaboration, performed the first model-independent calculation of the rate for proton-proton fusion directly from the dynamics of quarks and gluons using numerical techniques. [11] Nuclear physicists are now poised to embark on a new journey of discovery into the fundamental building blocks of the nucleus of the atom. [10] The drop of plasma was created in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). It is made up of two types of subatomic particles: quarks and gluons. Quarks are the building blocks of particles like protons and neutrons, while gluons are in charge of the strong interaction force between quarks. The new quark-gluon plasma is the hottest liquid that has ever been created in a laboratory at 4 trillion C (7 trillion F). Fitting for a plasma like the one at the birth of the universe. [9] Taking into account the Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators, we can explain the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions. Lattice QCD gives the same results as the diffraction patterns of the electromagnetic oscillators, explaining the color confinement and the asymptotic freedom of the Strong Interactions.
Category: Quantum Physics

[111] viXra:2001.0136 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-08 10:54:50

Earthquakes in the Lab

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 19 Pages.

Under constant stress, certain soft materials reorganize themselves in a manner very similar to how the Earth's crust is restructured during earthquakes, a new study by researchers at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Raman Research Institute (RRI) and ETH Zurich has found. [19] University of Southern Denmark researchers have conducted simulations of dark matter particles hitting the Earth. [18] A global team of scientists, including two University of Mississippi physicists, has found that the same instruments used in the historic discovery of gravitational waves caused by colliding black holes could help unlock the secrets of dark matter, a mysterious and as-yet-unobserved component of the universe. [17] The lack of so-called "dark photons" in electron-positron collision data rules out scenarios in which these hypothetical particles explain the muon's magnetic moment. [16] By reproducing the complexity of the cosmos through unprecedented simulations, a new study highlights the importance of the possible behaviour of very high-energy photons. In their journey through intergalactic magnetic fields, such photons could be transformed into axions and thus avoid being absorbed. [15] Scientists have detected a mysterious X-ray signal that could be caused by dark matter streaming out of our Sun's core. Hidden photons are predicted in some extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics, and unlike WIMPs they would interact electromagnetically with normal matter. In particle physics and astrophysics, weakly interacting massive particles, or WIMPs, are among the leading hypothetical particle physics candidates for dark matter. The gravitational force attracting the matter, causing concentration of the matter in a small space and leaving much space with low matter concentration: dark matter and energy. There is an asymmetry between the mass of the electric charges, for example proton and electron, can understood by the asymmetrical Planck Distribution Law. This temperature dependent energy distribution is asymmetric around the maximum intensity, where the annihilation of matter and antimatter is a high probability event. The asymmetric sides are creating different frequencies of electromagnetic radiations being in the same intensity level and compensating each other. One of these compensating ratios is the electron-proton mass ratio. The lower energy side has no compensating intensity level, it is the dark energy and the corresponding matter is the dark matter.
Category: Condensed Matter

[110] viXra:2001.0135 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-08 11:13:49

Neutrons Break the Ice

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 24 Pages.

Exploring the physics behind the odd microstructure of water-ice may help us learn more about other seemingly unrelated advanced materials and their quantum states. [14] Coupled with SNS, the world's most powerful pulsed accelerator-based neutron source, VENUS will be the only open research facility platform in the US to provide time-of-flight neutron imaging capabilities to users from academia and industry. [13] A spallation neutron source has been used by physicists in Japan to search for possible violations of the inverse square law of gravity. [12] Physicists have proposed a way to test quantum gravity that, in principle, could be performed by a laser-based, table-top experiment using currently available technology. [11] Now however, a new type of materials, the so-called Weyl semimetals, similar to 3-D graphene, allow us to put the symmetry destructing quantum anomaly to work in everyday phenomena, such as the creation of electric current. [10] Physicist Professor Chunnong Zhao and his recent PhD students Haixing Miao and Yiqiu Ma are members of an international team that has created a particularly exciting new design for gravitational wave detectors. [9] A proposal for a gravitational-wave detector made of two space-based atomic clocks has been unveiled by physicists in the US. [8] The gravitational waves were detected by both of the twin Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) detectors, located in Livingston, Louisiana, and Hanford, Washington, USA. [7] A team of researchers with the University of Lisbon has created simulations that indicate that the gravitational waves detected by researchers with the LIGO project, and which are believed to have come about due to two black holes colliding, could just have easily come from another object such as a gravaster (objects which are believed to have their insides made of dark energy) or even a wormhole. In their paper published in Physical Review Letters, the team describes the simulations they created, what was seen and what they are hoping to find in the future. [6] In a landmark discovery for physics and astronomy, international scientists said Thursday they have glimpsed the first direct evidence of gravitational waves, or ripples in space-time, which Albert Einstein predicted a century ago. [5] Scientists at the National Institute for Space Research in Brazil say an undiscovered type of matter could be found in neutron stars (illustration shown). Here matter is so dense that it could be 'squashed' into strange matter. This would create an entire 'strange star'-unlike anything we have seen. [4] The changing acceleration of the electrons explains the created negative electric field of the magnetic induction, the electromagnetic inertia, the changing relativistic mass and the Gravitational Force, giving a Unified Theory of the physical forces. Taking into account the Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators also, we can explain the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions.
Category: Condensed Matter

[109] viXra:2001.0134 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-08 11:54:06

Relationship Between Special Theory of Relativity and Information Loss During Transition Between Inertial Reference Systems

Authors: Andrey N. Smirnov
Comments: 4 Pages.

The theory of emergent space-time-matter (ESTM theory) predicts the loss of information during transitions between inertial reference systems. This article discusses the relationship between loss of information during the transition between inertial reference systems and Lorentz transformations. It is shown that in the limiting case, when the speed changes are small enough and the information loss is also small, the Lorentz transforms are derived directly from the rotation in 4-dimensional space without time and dynamics.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[108] viXra:2001.0131 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-08 16:37:16

Ogólna Postać Transformacji Czasu

Authors: Patryk Woźniak
Comments: 5 pages in Polish language.

W niniejszej pracy podważa się opinię iż transformacja czasowa Galileusza jest podstawową transformacją dla układów w ruchu (oraz w spoczynku).
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[107] viXra:2001.0130 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-08 19:43:35

Fermat_port_8_de_jan_2020

Authors: OttoAltorfer
Comments: 7 Pages.

A introdução de uma função de números inédita facilitou a solução do último Teorema de Fermat.
Category: Number Theory

[106] viXra:2001.0129 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-08 00:48:43

The Maxwell-Cassano Equations of an Electromagnetic-nuclear Field Yields the Fermion Masses

Authors: Claude Michael Cassano
Comments: 7 Pages.

The Maxwell-Cassano equations yield a fermion architecture table equivalent to that of the fermion Standard Model. Given a pair of constants defined by an affine transformation relating them to two rational fractions, a set of two equations determine all fermion masses.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[105] viXra:2001.0128 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-08 01:41:26

The Model of Black Hole and White Hole Based on Virtual Space-Time Physics Theory

Authors: Zhi Cheng
Comments: 19 Pages. 6 Figure; Including Russian abstract and Chinese Version

In my previous papers, I explored the idea that the Galactic Center may be a white hole. through specific calculations, it is shown that the assumption that the Galactic Center is a huge white hole can explain various phenomena in the Milky Way more effectively than the assumption of a huge black hole. However, the white hole theory in general relativity requires the assumption of time inversion, which contradicts the known laws of physics, such as the second law of thermodynamics. For this reason, this paper uses virtual space-time physics theory to analyze the structure of white and black holes. Using the concept of energy field, new models of white and black holes have been constructed. Of course, the assumption of huge white holes and existence of millions of solar-mass black holes in the center of the Milky Way is not contradictory. A large amount of mass ejected from white holes is still likely to form small and medium-sized black holes of a certain size.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[104] viXra:2001.0127 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-08 02:30:23

Atomic Electron Cloud

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 63 Pages.

Researchers at SAGA Light Source, the University of Toyama, Hiroshima University and the Institute for Molecular Science have demonstrated a method to control the shape and orientation of an electron cloud in an atom by tuning the attosecond spacing in a double pulse of synchrotron radiation. [39] Experiments with ultra-cold atoms at the TU Wien have shown surprising results: coupled atom clouds synchronize within milliseconds. This effect cannot be explained by standard theories. [38] Scientists forged quantum connections between separate regions within clouds of ultracold atoms, demonstrating entanglement between thousands of particles in two different locations. [37] Researchers have demonstrated the first quantum light-emitting diode (LED) that emits single photons and entangled photon pairs with a wavelength of around 1550 nm, which lies within the standard telecommunications window. [36] JILA scientists have invented a new imaging technique that produces rapid, precise measurements of quantum behavior in an atomic clock in the form of near-instant visual art. [35] The unique platform, which is referred as a 4-D microscope, combines the sensitivity and high time-resolution of phase imaging with the specificity and high spatial resolution of fluorescence microscopy. [34] The experiment relied on a soliton frequency comb generated in a chip-based optical microresonator made from silicon nitride. [33] This scientific achievement toward more precise control and monitoring of light is highly interesting for miniaturizing optical devices for sensing and signal processing. [32] It may seem like such optical behavior would require bending the rules of physics, but in fact, scientists at MIT, Harvard University, and elsewhere have now demonstrated that photons can indeed be made to interact-an accomplishment that could open a path toward using photons in quantum computing, if not in light sabers. [31] Optical highways for light are at the heart of modern communications. But when it comes to guiding individual blips of light called photons, reliable transit is far less common. [30]
Category: Quantum Physics

[103] viXra:2001.0125 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-08 03:15:46

Probability of Electron Capture

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 64 Pages.

A large international team of researchers has empirically measured the probability of electron capture by the neon-20 isotope (20 Ne) for the first time. [40] Researchers at SAGA Light Source, the University of Toyama, Hiroshima University and the Institute for Molecular Science have demonstrated a method to control the shape and orientation of an electron cloud in an atom by tuning the attosecond spacing in a double pulse of synchrotron radiation. [39] Experiments with ultra-cold atoms at the TU Wien have shown surprising results: coupled atom clouds synchronize within milliseconds. This effect cannot be explained by standard theories. [38] Scientists forged quantum connections between separate regions within clouds of ultracold atoms, demonstrating entanglement between thousands of particles in two different locations. [37] Researchers have demonstrated the first quantum light-emitting diode (LED) that emits single photons and entangled photon pairs with a wavelength of around 1550 nm, which lies within the standard telecommunications window. [36] JILA scientists have invented a new imaging technique that produces rapid, precise measurements of quantum behavior in an atomic clock in the form of near-instant visual art. [35] The unique platform, which is referred as a 4-D microscope, combines the sensitivity and high time-resolution of phase imaging with the specificity and high spatial resolution of fluorescence microscopy. [34] The experiment relied on a soliton frequency comb generated in a chip-based optical microresonator made from silicon nitride. [33] This scientific achievement toward more precise control and monitoring of light is highly interesting for miniaturizing optical devices for sensing and signal processing. [32] It may seem like such optical behavior would require bending the rules of physics, but in fact, scientists at MIT, Harvard University, and elsewhere have now demonstrated that photons can indeed be made to interact-an accomplishment that could open a path toward using photons in quantum computing, if not in light sabers. [31]
Category: Quantum Physics

[102] viXra:2001.0124 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-08 03:34:15

Clean Dark Matter Detectors

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 54 Pages.

A research team at South Dakota School of Mines & Technology has built an air purifier that has reduced the radon in the air to about 50 times lower than typical outdoor air. The team is helping to ensure success for one of the world's most sensitive dark matter experiments-LZ. [33] New observations and analysis made by a team of astronomers at Yonsei University (Seoul, South Korea), together with their collaborators at Lyon University and KASI, show, however, that this key assumption is most likely in error. [32] Key components for the sky-mapping Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI), weighing about 12 tons, were hoisted atop the Mayall Telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory (KPNO) near Tucson, Arizona, and bolted into place Wednesday, marking a major project milestone. [31] Scientists at the University of Oxford may have solved one of the biggest questions in modern physics, with a new paper unifying dark matter and dark energy into a single phenomenon: a fluid which possesses 'negative mass." [30]
Category: Astrophysics

[101] viXra:2001.0123 [pdf] replaced on 2020-05-21 20:54:08

Pappus Chain and Division by Zero

Authors: Hiroshi Okumura
Comments: 4 Pages.

We consider a Pappus chain using division by zero.We consider a Pappus chain using division by zero.
Category: Geometry

[100] viXra:2001.0122 [pdf] replaced on 2020-03-29 07:33:36

Derivation of Numerous Dynamics of the Special Theory of Relativity for Three Spatial Dimensions

Authors: Roman Szostek
Comments: 10 Pages. There are many dynamics in STR, and not one, it is believed.

This paper presents the derivation of numerous dynamics for the Special Theory of Relativity kinematics for three spatial dimensions. It is a continuation of the paper, in which numerous STR dynamics for one-dimension have been derived. It is shown that from each one-dimensional dynamics unambiguously results three-dimensional dynamics. Discussion on the right angle lever paradox has been presented and the paradox of vector non-parallelism. The explanation of paradoxes under different dynamics can be a method of their theoretical examination and assessment.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[99] viXra:2001.0121 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-08 08:22:43

On Various Ramanujan’s Equations of Manuscript Book 1 and Some Formulas Concerning the Eisenstein Series: New Possible Mathematical Connections with Some Parameters of Particle Physics and Cosmology. III

Authors: Michele Nardelli, Antonio Nardelli
Comments: 116 Pages.

In this research thesis, we continue to analyze and deepen further Ramanujan’s equations of Manuscript Book 1 and some formulas concerning the Eisenstein series and describe new possible mathematical connections with some parameters of Particle Physics and Cosmology.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[98] viXra:2001.0120 [pdf] replaced on 2020-01-08 16:40:10

Addendum to Vixra 2001.0061

Authors: Ervin Goldfain
Comments: 3 Pages.

We have previously shown that 3-dimensional space equipped with minimal fractality provides a qualitative explanation for both rotation curves of disk galaxies and cosmological expansion. This brief Addendum brings up an additional argument in support of our findings.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[97] viXra:2001.0119 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-08 08:36:17

Neural Network as Anchor Point

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 49 Pages.

The neural network subsequently identified the relevant parameters as the ones required to calculate the position of Mars on the basis of the heliocentric worldview. [29] A team of researchers from the University of Münster, the University of Oxford and the University of Exeter has built an all-optical neural network on a single chip. [28] Physicists from Petrozavodsk State University have proposed a new method for oscillatory neural network to recognize simple images. Such networks with an adjustable synchronous state of individual neurons have, presumably, dynamics similar to neurons in the living brain. [27]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[96] viXra:2001.0118 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-07 08:41:08

Moving Domain Walls in Superconductor

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 26 Pages.

Physicists have shown that the motion of domain walls can be detected by monitoring voltage generated in superconducting devices. [38] Northeastern researchers have used a powerful computer model to probe a puzzling class of copper-based materials that can be turned into superconductors. [37] A NIMS-Ehime University joint research team succeeded in discovering new materials that exhibit superconductivity under high pressure using materials informatics (MI) approaches (data science-based material search techniques). [36] Measuring the properties of superconducting materials in magnetic fields at close to absolute zero temperatures is difficult, but necessary to understand their quantum properties. [35] Scientists from Russia, China and the United States predicted and have now experimentally identified new uranium hydrides, predicting superconductivity for some of them. [34] Russian physicists from MIPT teamed up with foreign colleagues for a groundbreaking experimental study of a material that possesses both superconducting and ferromagnetic properties. [33] An international group of scientists, including a researcher from Skoltech, has completed an experimental and theoretical study into the properties displayed by strongly disordered superconductors at very low temperatures. [32] The researchers found that via quick-freeze technique, the metal changed into a superconducting state for over a week. [31] Scientists of the University of Twente and the University of Amsterdam now demonstrate a new property: the non-superconducting material bismuth shows lossless current conduction. [30] A team of international scientists including Maia G. Vergniory, Ikerbasque researcher at DIPC and UPV/EHU associate, has discovered a new class of materials, higher-order topological insulators. [29] A team of researchers from Japan, the U.S. and China, has identified a topological superconducting phase for possible use in an iron-based material in quantum computers. [28] Physicists have shown that superconducting circuits-circuits that have zero electrical resistance-can function as piston-like mechanical quantum engines. The new perspective may help researchers design quantum computers and other devices with improved efficiencies. [27] This paper explains the magnetic effect of the superconductive current from the observed effects of the accelerating electrons, causing naturally the experienced changes of the electric field potential along the electric wire. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the wave particle duality and the electron's spin also, building the bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The changing acceleration of the electrons explains the created negative electric field of the magnetic induction, the Higgs Field, the changing Relativistic Mass and the Gravitational Force, giving a Unified Theory of the physical forces. Taking into account the Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators also, we can explain the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions. Since the superconductivity is basically a quantum mechanical phenomenon and some entangled particles give this opportunity to specific matters, like Cooper Pairs or other entanglements, as strongly correlated materials and Exciton-mediated electron pairing, we can say that the secret of superconductivity is the quantum entanglement.
Category: Quantum Physics

[95] viXra:2001.0116 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-07 10:56:57

On Some Formulas of Manuscript Book 1 of Srinivasa Ramanujan: New Possible Mathematical Connections with Various Parameters of Particle Physics and Cosmology Part II.

Authors: Michele Nardelli, Antonio Nardelli
Comments: 87 Pages. UPDATED VERSION

In this research thesis, we have analyzed further formulas of Manuscript Book 1 of Srinivasa Ramanujan and described new possible mathematical connections with various parameters of Particle Physics and Cosmology (Cosmological Constant, some parameters of Dark Energy)
Category: Number Theory

[94] viXra:2001.0115 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-07 11:41:39

Ultrasound Damages Cancer Cells

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 59 Pages.

Doctors have used focused ultrasound to destroy tumors without invasive surgery for some time. However, the therapeutic ultrasound used in clinics today indiscriminately damages cancer and healthy cells alike. [33] Scientists in the UK have shown for the first time that focused ultrasound from outside the body can improve the delivery of cancer drugs to tumors in humans. [32] The discovery could help us better understand aging and eventually could lead to new treatments for cancer. [31]
Category: Physics of Biology

[93] viXra:2001.0114 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-07 12:44:23

Relativistic Effects for Laser Fusion

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 24 Pages.

A team of researchers at Osaka University has investigated a new method for generating nuclear fusion power, showing that the relativistic effect of ultra-intense laser light improves upon current "fast ignition" methods in laser-fusion research to heat the fuel long enough to generate electrical power. [16] Research from The University of Queensland aimed at controlling light in scattering materials, such as fog or biological tissues, will benefit future biomedical imaging and telecommunications. [15] Researchers have demonstrated a new all-optical technique for creating robust second-order nonlinear effects in materials that don't normally support them. [14] A research team led by physicists at LMU Munich reports a significant advance in laser-driven particle acceleration. [13] And now, physicists at and their collaborators have demonstrated that computers are ready to tackle the universe's greatest mysteries. [12] The Nuclear Physics with Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics Collaboration (NPLQCD), under the umbrella of the U.S. Quantum Chromodynamics Collaboration, performed the first model-independent calculation of the rate for proton-proton fusion directly from the dynamics of quarks and gluons using numerical techniques. [11] Nuclear physicists are now poised to embark on a new journey of discovery into the fundamental building blocks of the nucleus of the atom. [10] The drop of plasma was created in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). It is made up of two types of subatomic particles: quarks and gluons. Quarks are the building blocks of particles like protons and neutrons, while gluons are in charge of the strong interaction force between quarks. The new quark-gluon plasma is the hottest liquid that has ever been created in a laboratory at 4 trillion C (7 trillion F). Fitting for a plasma like the one at the birth of the universe. [9] Taking into account the Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators, we can explain the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions. Lattice QCD gives the same results as the diffraction patterns of the electromagnetic oscillators, explaining the color confinement and the asymptotic freedom of the Strong Interactions.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[92] viXra:2001.0113 [pdf] replaced on 2023-07-11 00:27:49

Collatz Conjecture: A Proof

Authors: Richard Hudson
Comments: 7 Pages.

Originated by Lothar Collatz in 1937 [1], the conjecture states: given the recursive function, y=3x+1 if x is odd, or y=x/2 if x is even, for any positive integer x, y will equal 1 after a finite number of steps. This analysis examines number form and uses a tree type graph to prove the process.
Category: Combinatorics and Graph Theory

[91] viXra:2001.0112 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-07 12:58:59

Energy, Market, Ecology and the Challenge of Civilization-4

Authors: V. A. Kasimov.
Comments: 13 Pages. in Russian, in English

Principles of information processing for predicting thermodynamic parameters of the environment in the problems presented in[1], [2], [3].
Category: Physics of Biology

[90] viXra:2001.0111 [pdf] replaced on 2020-12-14 19:21:39

On the Significance of Planck’s Constant

Authors: Robert Spoljaric
Comments: 9 Pages.

Planck’s constant h has dimensions of energy (ergs) × time (seconds) called “actions.” Action is a four-dimensional constant and is the same size for all observers in special relativity, even if those observers disagree as to the size of the energy and time components of that action. The various guessed at formalisms of non-relativistic quantum mechanics introduce arbitrarily, empirically. But being inconsistent with special relativity would seem to render that ad hoc introduction out of context. In this brief article we shall avoid this inconsistency and instead directly generalise the Planck-Einstein relation E = hf to reveal a new mass-free paradigm of Relativity where tidal effects are local, which will leave little of the classical physics that preceded it. Hence, we historically avoid the misguided advent of nonrelativistic quantum mechanics altogether and finally reveal the true significance of h. The maths employed here has been used in [1] and [2].
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[89] viXra:2001.0110 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-07 16:56:13

Космические программы в жизни современного общества.

Authors: Киров
Comments: 1 Page. Russ lang

Показана роль космических программ в обществе
Category: History and Philosophy of Physics

[88] viXra:2001.0109 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-07 16:59:23

Space Programs in the Life of Modern Society.

Authors: Kirov
Comments: 1 Page.

The role of space programs in society is shown
Category: History and Philosophy of Physics

[87] viXra:2001.0108 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-06 21:12:28

Причины проведения опыта Майкельсона-Морли.

Authors: Киров
Comments: 1 Page.

Показана необоснованность проведения эксперимента Майкельсона-Морли
Category: Classical Physics

[86] viXra:2001.0107 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-06 21:16:52

The Reasons for the Michelson-Morley Experiment.

Authors: Kirov
Comments: 1 Page.

The unfoundedness of the Michelson-Morley experiment is shown.
Category: Classical Physics

[85] viXra:2001.0106 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-07 02:09:22

Partitioning Nearest Neighbours Algorithm for Regressions

Authors: Abhinav Mathur, Sunny Verma
Comments: 7 Pages.

Good generalized machine learning models should have high variability post learning 1. Tree-based approaches2 are very popular due to their inherent ability in being visually representable for decision consumption as well as robustness and reduced training times. However, tree-based approaches lack the ability to generate variations in regression problems. The maximum variation generated by any single tree-based model is limited to the maximum number of training observations considering each observation to be a terminal node itself. Such a condition is an overfit model. This paper discusses the use of a hybrid approach of using two intuitive and explainable algorithms, CART2 and k-NN3 regression to improve the generalizations and sometimes the runtime for regression-based problems. The paper proposes first, the use of using a shallow CART algorithm (Tree depth lesser than optimal depth post pruning). Following the initial CART, a KNN Regression is performed at the terminal node to which the observation for prediction generation belongs to. This leads to a better variation as well as more accurate prediction than by just the use of a CART or a KNN regressor as well as another level of depth over an OLS regression1.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[84] viXra:2001.0105 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-07 02:24:25

The Script of “Human Three Major Pillar Type Cognitions” for the Tv/moive Show, Which is the Prelude of “The Tolerant and Completed Scientific Faith with Its《The Principle of Natural Laws》——Trinity Theory”

Authors: Yansha Yu-sandstrom
Comments: 70 Pages.

Human three major pillar type cognitions https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Olj9kZKyEI The Tolerant and Completed Scientific Faith with its《The Principle of Natural Laws》 Be with Bible, The Theory of God Be with Quran, The Trinity of Allah Star-Moon Be with Sutra, The Trinity of Buddha Yab-Yum Be with The Book of Change and Tao Te Ching,The Trinity of Tao Yin-Yang Be with ….
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[83] viXra:2001.0104 [pdf] replaced on 2020-01-10 03:51:40

Protons and Neutrons: What Are They?

Authors: Jean Louis Van Belle
Comments: 12 Pages.

This article offers an alternative explanation of nuclear processes based on a discussion of the first steps in solar nuclear fusion: hydrogen combining into helium. With alternative, we mean an explanation that does not involve the concept of a weak force.
Category: Quantum Physics

[82] viXra:2001.0103 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-07 04:56:29

Integrals of Entire, Meromorphic and Subharmonic Functions on Small Sets of the Positive Semiaxis

Authors: Bulat N. Khabibullin
Comments: 3 Pages. in Russian

In this note, we announce the results on estimates of integrals of entire, meromorphic, and subharmonic functions on small subsets of the positive semiaxis. These results develop one classical theorem of R. Nevanlinna and the well-known lemmas on small arcs or intervals of A. Edrei, W.H.J. Fuchs, A.F. Grishin, M.L. Sodin and T.I. Malyutina.
Category: Functions and Analysis

[81] viXra:2001.0102 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-07 05:38:57

Black Hole Pushing Speed Limit

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 32 Pages.

The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration released the first image of a black hole with observations of the massive, dark object at the center of Messier 87, or M87, last April. [25] Astronomers seeking to learn about the mechanisms that formed massive black holes in the early history of the Universe have gained important new clues with the discovery of 13 such black holes in dwarf galaxies less than a billion light-years from Earth. [24] Astronomers at the University of California, Riverside, have discovered that powerful winds driven by supermassive black holes in the centers of dwarf galaxies have a significant impact on the evolution of these galaxies by suppressing star formation. [23]
Category: Astrophysics

[80] viXra:2001.0101 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-07 06:04:24

Laser Creates Frequency Doubling

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 21 Pages.

Researchers have demonstrated a new all-optical technique for creating robust second-order nonlinear effects in materials that don't normally support them. [14] A research team led by physicists at LMU Munich reports a significant advance in laser-driven particle acceleration. [13] And now, physicists at and their collaborators have demonstrated that computers are ready to tackle the universe's greatest mysteries. [12] The Nuclear Physics with Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics Collaboration (NPLQCD), under the umbrella of the U.S. Quantum Chromodynamics Collaboration, performed the first model-independent calculation of the rate for proton-proton fusion directly from the dynamics of quarks and gluons using numerical techniques. [11] Nuclear physicists are now poised to embark on a new journey of discovery into the fundamental building blocks of the nucleus of the atom. [10] The drop of plasma was created in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). It is made up of two types of subatomic particles: quarks and gluons. Quarks are the building blocks of particles like protons and neutrons, while gluons are in charge of the strong interaction force between quarks. The new quark-gluon plasma is the hottest liquid that has ever been created in a laboratory at 4 trillion C (7 trillion F). Fitting for a plasma like the one at the birth of the universe. [9] Taking into account the Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators, we can explain the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions. Lattice QCD gives the same results as the diffraction patterns of the electromagnetic oscillators, explaining the color confinement and the asymptotic freedom of the Strong Interactions.
Category: Quantum Physics

[79] viXra:2001.0100 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-07 07:11:04

Cutting Through with Laser

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 22 Pages.

Research from The University of Queensland aimed at controlling light in scattering materials, such as fog or biological tissues, will benefit future biomedical imaging and telecommunications. [15] Researchers have demonstrated a new all-optical technique for creating robust second-order nonlinear effects in materials that don't normally support them. [14] A research team led by physicists at LMU Munich reports a significant advance in laser-driven particle acceleration. [13]
Category: Quantum Physics

[78] viXra:2001.0099 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-07 07:50:36

Indeterministic Physics

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 56 Pages.

Classical physics is characterized by the precision of its equations describing the evolution of the world as determined by the initial conditions of the Big Bang—meaning there is no room for chance. [34] There was a period in the very early universe—known as the "cosmic dark ages"—when elementary particles, formed in the Big Bang, had combined to form neutral hydrogen but no stars or galaxies existed yet to light up the universe. [33] New observations and analysis made by a team of astronomers at Yonsei University (Seoul, South Korea), together with their collaborators at Lyon University and KASI, show, however, that this key assumption is most likely in error. [32]
Category: Quantum Physics

[77] viXra:2001.0098 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-06 09:33:56

Graphene Surprises Again

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 77 Pages.

Physicists from the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology and the Institute for High Pressure Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences have used computer modeling to refine the melting curve of graphite that has been studied for over 100 years, with inconsistent findings. [49] Researchers at the University of Manchester have uncovered interesting phenomena when multiple two-dimensional materials are combined into van der Waals heterostructures (layered "sandwiches" of different materials). [48] "The junctions were reproducible over several devices and operated from 20 Kelvin up to room temperature. Our approach represents a simple but powerful strategy for the future integration of molecule-based functions into stable and controllable nanoelectronic devices." [47] The team has turned graphene oxide (GO) into a soft, moldable and kneadable play dough that can be shaped and reshaped into free-standing, three-dimensional structures. [46] A team of researchers based at The University of Manchester have found a low cost method for producing graphene printed electronics, which significantly speeds up and reduces the cost of conductive graphene inks. [45] Graphene-based computer components that can deal in terahertz "could be used, not in a normal Macintosh or PC, but perhaps in very advanced computers with high processing rates," Ozaki says. This 2-D material could also be used to make extremely high-speed nanodevices, he adds. [44] Printed electronics use standard printing techniques to manufacture electronic devices on different substrates like glass, plastic films, and paper. [43] A tiny laser comprising an array of nanoscale semiconductor cylinders (see image) has been made by an all-A*STAR team. [42] A new instrument lets researchers use multiple laser beams and a microscope to trap and move cells and then analyze them in real-time with a sensitive analysis technique known as Raman spectroscopy. [41]
Category: Condensed Matter

[76] viXra:2001.0097 [pdf] replaced on 2020-01-08 02:22:57

Definitive Tentative of a Proof of the \textit{abc} Conjecture

Authors: Abdelmajid Ben Hadj Salem
Comments: 11 Pages. Submitted to the journal Inventiones Matemathicae

In this paper, we consider the $abc$ conjecture. Firstly, we give anelementaryproof that $c<3rad^2(abc)$. Secondly, the proof of the $abc$ conjecture is given for $\epsilon \geq 1$, then for $\epsilon \in ]0,1[$. We choose the constant $K(\epsilon)$ as $K(\epsilon)=\frac{3}{e}.e^{ \left(\frac{1}{\epsilon^2} \right)}$ for $0<\epsilon <1$ and $K(\epsilon)=3$ for $\epsilon \geq 1$. Some numerical examples are presented.
Category: Number Theory

[75] viXra:2001.0095 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-06 15:37:50

The Invention of Television - Vladimir Zworykin and Philo Farnsworth

Authors: Rochelle Forrester
Comments: 6 Pages.

The ultimate cause of much historical, social and cultural change is the gradual accumulation of human knowledge of the environment. Human beings use the materials in their environment to meet their needs and increased human knowledge of the environment enables human needs to be met in a more efficient manner. The materials in the human environment include photosensitive materials and electrons which played an important role in the invention of television. The invention of television revealed a series of discoveries with the simplest discoveries being made first and more complex discoveries being made later. Some discoveries could not be made without certain prior discoveries having been made. Scientific discoveries concerning photosensitive materials and the control of electrons by electromagnets, leading to the invention of the cathode ray tube were necessary before the invention of television. It is only at a particular point in our history, that we were able to put the information together and invent television. Before that point it was not possible to invent television. The order in which these discoveries were made was inevitable and given how much humans like entertainment and news, it was also inevitable, that sooner or later in some society open to new ideas and technology, that television would be used to meet the human need for entertainment and news. The order of discovery was inevitable and is an example of how social and cultural history has to follow a particular course determined by the structure of the world around us.
Category: Social Science

[74] viXra:2001.0094 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-06 16:13:55

On a Connected $T_{1/2}$ Alexandroff Topology and $^*g\hat{\alpha}$-Closed Sets in Digital Plane

Authors: S. Pious Missier, K. M. Arifmohammed, S. Jafari, M. Ganster, A. Robert
Comments: 24 Pages.

The Khalimsky topology plays a significant role in the digital image processing. In this paper we define a topology $\kappa_1$ on the set of integers generated by the triplets of the form $\{2n, 2n+1, 2n+3\}$. We show that in this space $(\mathbb{Z}, \kappa_1)$, every point has a smallest neighborhood and hence this is an Alexandroff space. This topology is homeomorphic to Khalimskt topology. We prove, among others, that this space is connected and $T_{3/4}$. Moreover, we introduce the concept of $^*g\hat{\alpha}$-closed sets in a topological space and characterize it using $^*g\alpha o$-kernel and closure. We investigate the properties of $^*g\hat{\alpha}$-closed sets in digital plane. The family of all $^*g\hat{\alpha}$-open sets of $(\mathbb{Z}^2, \kappa^2)$, forms an alternative topology of $\mathbb{Z}^2$. We prove that this plane $(\mathbb{Z}^2, ^*g\hat{\alpha}O)$ is $T_{1/2}$. It is well known that the digital plane $(\mathbb{Z}^2, \kappa^2)$ is not $T_{1/2}$, even if $(\mathbb{Z}, \kappa)$ is $T_{1/2}$.
Category: Topology

[73] viXra:2001.0092 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-06 16:24:27

Topologies on $Z^{n}$ that Are not Homeomorphic to the N-Dimensional Khalimsky Topological Space

Authors: Sang-Eon Han, Saeid Jafari, Jeong Min Kang
Comments: 12 Pages.

The present paper deals with two types of topologies on the set of integers, Z: a quasi-discrete topology and a topology satisfying the T½ -separation axiom. Furthermore, for each $n \in N$, we develop countably many topologies on Zn which are not homeomorphic to the typical n-dimensional Khalimsky topological space. Based on these different types of new topological structures on $Z^{n}$, many new mathematical approaches can be done in the fields of pure and applied sciences, such as fixed point theory, rough set theory, and so on.
Category: Topology

[72] viXra:2001.0091 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-06 17:52:07

Division by Zero Calculus for Differentiable Functions L'Hôpital's Theorem Versions

Authors: Saburou Saitoh
Comments: 10 Pages. Based on the preprint survey paper, we will give a generalization of the division by zero calculus to differentiable functions and its basic properties. Typically, we can obtain l'Hôpital's theorem versions and some deep properties on the division by zero

We will give a generalization of the division by zero calculus to differentiable functions and its basic properties. Typically, we can obtain l'Hôpital's theorem versions and some deep properties on the division by zero. Division by zero, division by zero calculus, differentiable, analysis, Laurent expansion, l'Hôpital's theorem, $1/0=0/0=z/0=\tan(\pi/2) =\log 0 =0, (z^n)/n = \log z$ for $n=0$, $e^{(1/z)} = 1$ for $z=0$. 
Category: Functions and Analysis

[71] viXra:2001.0085 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-05 20:14:33

Quantum Gravitation in the Uniform Theory

Authors: Vladimir Pastushenko
Comments: 6 Pages.

Quantum gravitation follows from properties of dynamical space, as matters. Such quantum гравитмассовые fields, look like quasipotential quantum fields. They contain mass fields of a source of gravitation and inductive mass fields of physical vacuum, with their rotation round a gravitation source.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[70] viXra:2001.0084 [pdf] replaced on 2020-01-08 13:30:25

Goldbach Conjecture

Authors: Xuan Zhong Ni
Comments: 2 Pages.

In this article, we use method of a modified sieve of Eratosthenes to prove the Goldbach conjecture.
Category: Number Theory

[69] viXra:2001.0083 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-06 02:05:04

Black Holes Found in Dwarf Galaxies

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 28 Pages.

Astronomers seeking to learn about the mechanisms that formed massive black holes in the early history of the Universe have gained important new clues with the discovery of 13 such black holes in dwarf galaxies less than a billion light-years from Earth. [24] Astronomers at the University of California, Riverside, have discovered that powerful winds driven by supermassive black holes in the centers of dwarf galaxies have a significant impact on the evolution of these galaxies by suppressing star formation. [23] In short, the concept of a black hole gravity machine presents humanity with a plausible path to becoming an interstellar species. In the meantime, the study of the concept will provide SETI researchers with another possible technosignature to look for. [22] Physicists have used a seven-qubit quantum computer to simulate the scrambling of information inside a black hole, heralding a future in which entangled quantum bits might be used to probe the mysterious interiors of these bizarre objects. [21] Rotating black holes and computers that use quantum-mechanical phenomena to process information are topics that have fascinated science lovers for decades, but even the most innovative thinkers rarely put them together. [20]
Category: Astrophysics

[68] viXra:2001.0082 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-06 03:00:10

The Illuminated Area of the Moon Exceeds Half Its Surface

Authors: Wenceslao Segura González
Comments: 7 Pages.

We show that the extent of the illuminated area of the Moon is greater than 50% of its surface; that is, a part of the lunar hemisphere opposite the Sun is illuminated, which occurs because the Sun is larger than the Moon.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[67] viXra:2001.0079 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-06 07:41:46

Discovery of Dark Energy

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 53 Pages.

New observations and analysis made by a team of astronomers at Yonsei University (Seoul, South Korea), together with their collaborators at Lyon University and KASI, show, however, that this key assumption is most likely in error. [32] Key components for the sky-mapping Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI), weighing about 12 tons, were hoisted atop the Mayall Telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory (KPNO) near Tucson, Arizona, and bolted into place Wednesday, marking a major project milestone. [31] Scientists at the University of Oxford may have solved one of the biggest questions in modern physics, with a new paper unifying dark matter and dark energy into a single phenomenon: a fluid which possesses 'negative mass." [30]
Category: Astrophysics

[66] viXra:2001.0078 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-06 08:07:58

Cosmic Dark Ages

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 54 Pages.

There was a period in the very early universe—known as the "cosmic dark ages"—when elementary particles, formed in the Big Bang, had combined to form neutral hydrogen but no stars or galaxies existed yet to light up the universe. [33] New observations and analysis made by a team of astronomers at Yonsei University (Seoul, South Korea), together with their collaborators at Lyon University and KASI, show, however, that this key assumption is most likely in error. [32] Key components for the sky-mapping Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI), weighing about 12 tons, were hoisted atop the Mayall Telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory (KPNO) near Tucson, Arizona, and bolted into place Wednesday, marking a major project milestone. [31]
Category: Astrophysics

[65] viXra:2001.0077 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-06 08:32:42

Milky Way Flying Observatory

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 56 Pages.

A new panoramic image based on data captured by NASA's Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) shows the bustling center of our galaxy like it has never been seen before. [34] There was a period in the very early universe—known as the "cosmic dark ages"—when elementary particles, formed in the Big Bang, had combined to form neutral hydrogen but no stars or galaxies existed yet to light up the universe. [33] New observations and analysis made by a team of astronomers at Yonsei University (Seoul, South Korea), together with their collaborators at Lyon University and KASI, show, however, that this key assumption is most likely in error. [32]
Category: Astrophysics

[64] viXra:2001.0076 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-06 09:06:27

Passivation of Perovskite Photovoltaics

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 34 Pages.

Materials scientists aim to enable surface-trap-mediated nonradiative charge recombination to engineer highly efficient metal-halide perovskite photovoltaics (solar cells). [20] Hybrid organic or inorganic halide perovskites are a unique class of solar cell materials that break some of the material design rules that have been in place for over 30 years. [19] Efficient near-infrared (NIR) light-emitting diodes of perovskite have been produced in a laboratory at Linköping University. The external quantum efficiency is 21.6 percent, which is a record. The results have been published in Nature Photonics. [18] Very recently, an NTU team lead by Assoc. Prof. Wang Hong, demonstrated high light extraction efficiency of perovskite photonic crystals fabricated by delicate electron-beam lithography. [17] A quasiparticle is a disturbance or excitation (e.g. spin waves, bubbles, etc.) that behaves as a particle and could therefore be regarded as one. Long-range interactions between quasiparticles can give rise to a 'drag,' which affects the fundamental properties of many systems in condensed matter physics. [16] Researchers have recently been also interested in the utilization of antiferromagnets, which are materials without macroscopic magnetization but with a staggered orientation of their microscopic magnetic moments. [15] A new method that precisely measures the mysterious behavior and magnetic properties of electrons flowing across the surface of quantum materials could open a path to next-generation electronics. [14] The emerging field of spintronics aims to exploit the spin of the electron. [13] In a new study, researchers measure the spin properties of electronic states produced in singlet fission-a process which could have a central role in the future development of solar cells. [12] In some chemical reactions both electrons and protons move together. When they transfer, they can move concertedly or in separate steps. Light-induced reactions of this sort are particularly relevant to biological systems, such as Photosystem II where plants use photons from the sun to convert water into oxygen. [11] EPFL researchers have found that water molecules are 10,000 times more sensitive to ions than previously thought. [10]
Category: Condensed Matter

[63] viXra:2001.0075 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-05 11:41:15

Thermoelectric Topological Semimetals

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 57 Pages.

A recent paper of J. S. Xiang et al. published in Sci. China-Phys. Mech. Astron. has demonstrated a much larger transverse figure of merit in a topological semimetal in low magnetic fields, relative to its longitudinal counterpart. [38]
Category: Condensed Matter

[62] viXra:2001.0074 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-05 13:08:32

Metal-Organic Frameworks

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 58 Pages.

Due to the advantages such as large specific surface area, adjustable pore size and tunable functionality, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have shown great application potential in the fields of gas adsorption and separation, catalysis, sensing and biomedicine. [39] A recent paper of J. S. Xiang et al. published in Sci. China-Phys. Mech. Astron. has demonstrated a much larger transverse figure of merit in a topological semimetal in low magnetic fields, relative to its longitudinal counterpart. [38]
Category: Physics of Biology

[61] viXra:2001.0073 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-05 13:34:12

Dopamine Biological Clock

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 59 Pages.

In a study published Thursday in the journal Current Biology, Güler and his colleagues demonstrate that the pleasure center of the brain that produces the chemical dopamine, and the brain's separate biological clock that regulates daily physiological rhythms, are linked, and that high-calorie foods-which bring pleasure-disrupt normal feeding schedules, resulting in overconsumption. [40] Due to the advantages such as large specific surface area, adjustable pore size and tunable functionality, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have shown great application potential in the fields of gas adsorption and separation, catalysis, sensing and biomedicine. [39] A recent paper of J. S. Xiang et al. published in Sci. China-Phys. Mech. Astron. has demonstrated a much larger transverse figure of merit in a topological semimetal in low magnetic fields, relative to its longitudinal counterpart. [38] A new analysis of people's brain waves when surrounded by different magnetic fields suggests that people have a "sixth sense" for magnetism. [33] Measuring optical blood flow in the resting human brain to detect spontaneous activity has for the first time been demonstrated by Wright State University imaging researchers, holding out promise for a better way to study people with autism, Alzheimer's and depression. [32]
Category: Physics of Biology

[60] viXra:2001.0072 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-05 13:46:30

On Some Formulas of Manuscript Book 1 of Srinivasa Ramanujan: New Possible Mathematical Connections with Various Parameters of Particle Physics and Cosmology.

Authors: Michele Nardelli, Antonio Nardelli
Comments: 119 Pages.

In this research thesis, we have analyzed further formulas of Manuscript Book 1 of Srinivasa Ramanujan and described new possible mathematical connections with various parameters of Particle Physics and Cosmology (Cosmological Constant, some parameters of Dark Energy)
Category: Number Theory

[59] viXra:2001.0071 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-05 16:24:18

Эквивалентность гравитационного и электрического полей. Закон электростатического притяжения.

Authors: Киров
Comments: 1 Page. Russ lang

Определена эквивалентность гравитационного и электростатических полей.
Category: Classical Physics

[58] viXra:2001.0070 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-05 16:28:39

Equivalence of Gravitational and Electric Fields. the Law of Electrostatic Attraction

Authors: Kirov
Comments: 1 Page.

The equivalence of gravitational and electrostatic fields is determined.
Category: Classical Physics

[57] viXra:2001.0069 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-05 17:30:59

Twin Prime Conjecture

Authors: Xuan Zhong Ni
Comments: 2 Pages.

In this article, we use method of a modified sieve of Eratosthenes to prove the twin prime conjecture.
Category: Number Theory

[56] viXra:2001.0067 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-05 00:46:10

A Problem in Set Theory

Authors: Henry Wong
Comments: 2 Pages.

An addendum to set theory.
Category: Algebra

[55] viXra:2001.0065 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-05 05:13:08

Magic: The Gathering in Common Lisp

Authors: Jeff Linahan
Comments: 8 Pages. originally written in 2015, code is available at https://github.com/jeffythedragonslayer/maglisp

Magic: The Gathering is the world's most popular trading card game. So far, attempts to program its 210-page rulebook in order to create an AI for the game have resulted in systems that are very complex, and still not able to compete with humans. I believe one of the main causes of this is the choice of programming language. Most implementations are done in languages which emphasize execution speed or portability rather than development speed or flexibility. Common Lisp was classically the lingua franca for AI research, and its following features mesh well with the challenges of programming Magic: a read-eval-print loop, macros, dynamic typing, scripting, multiple inheritance, and symbolic computation. In this project I present a proof of concept implementation consisting of a command line interface for two humans playing Magic with two hardcoded decks. I will discuss what I have learned from tackling the challenges of the project and how I would proceed if I had years to complete it.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[54] viXra:2001.0064 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-05 05:59:48

From E.g. Haug Escape Velocity to the Golden Ratio at the Black Hole Improvements 2020s

Authors: Branko Zivlak
Comments: 7 Pages. Formulae 18, Table 1

Escape velocity from the E.G. Haug has been checked. It is compared with orbital velocity formula for an ideal circular path. The formulas are simplified so that we have only one variable that contains the Planck values and the mass of the central body. In the case of an arbitrary star, the values of these velocities are determined during its compression to the black hole. Unlike the standard and relativistic formulas that are approximations for a weak gravitational field, Haug's formula is exact for a weak and strong gravitational field. The relationships between formulas showed the importance of the golden ratio near the black hole.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[53] viXra:2001.0063 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-05 06:58:05

Our Universe and Many Tensions.

Authors: Durgadas Datta
Comments: 8 Pages. New physics for a new understanding.

Modern physics suffering from wrong interpretations.
Category: Classical Physics

[52] viXra:2001.0062 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-05 07:58:42

Quantum Cryptography Through Some Algorithm for Quantum Computers

Authors: Koji Nagata, Do Ngoc Diep, Tadao Nakamura
Comments: Asian Journal of Mathematics and Physics, Volume 4, Issue 1, (2020) Page 7--13

We propose quantum cryptography based on an algorithm of determining a function. The security of our cryptography is based on the Ekert 1991 protocol, that is, we use an entangled state. Eve must destroy the entangled state. Consider a function. Alice knows all the mappings concerning the function. Bob knows none of them. His aim is of obtaining all of them without Eve's attack. In classical case, Bob needs some queries. In quantum case, Bob needs just a query. By measuring the single entangled state, which is sent by Alice, Bob can obtain all the mappings concerning the function, simultaneously. This is faster than classical cryptography.
Category: Quantum Physics

[51] viXra:2001.0061 [pdf] replaced on 2020-01-08 13:05:44

Fractional Spacetime and the Emergence of the Dark Sector

Authors: Ervin Goldfain
Comments: 10 Pages.

It is well known that both Newtonian gravity and General Relativity can be built starting from the classical Poisson equation in 3-dimensional space. Here we speculate that, at least in principle, the concept of 3-dimensional space equipped with minimal fractality enables a qualitative explanation of both rotation curves of disk galaxies and cosmological expansion. Our approach bridges the gap between particle and gravitational interpretations of Dark Matter and suggests a unified picture of the Dark Sector. It offers a basis for explaining away Modified Newtonian Gravity (MOND) and its theoretical ramifications.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[50] viXra:2001.0058 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-05 10:53:56

Insight into Serotonin Receptors

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 56 Pages.

Scientists at the University of Maryland (UMD) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have discovered a way to detect the molecular mechanism by which 5HT3A, a serotonin receptor located at the neuron synapse, is activated. [37] A first-of-its-kind study on molecular interactions by biomedical engineers in the University of Minnesota's College of Science and Engineering will make it easier and more efficient for scientists to develop new medicines and other therapies for diseases such as cancer, HIV and autoimmune diseases. [36]
Category: Physics of Biology

[49] viXra:2001.0056 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-04 11:52:12

On Some Ramanujan Formulas: New Possible Mathematical Connections with Various Parameters of Particle Physics and Cosmology Iv.

Authors: Michele Nardelli, Antonio Nardelli
Comments: 105 Pages.

In this research thesis, we have analyzed further Ramanujan formulas and described new possible mathematical connections with various parameters of Particle Physics and Cosmology
Category: Number Theory

[48] viXra:2001.0055 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-04 12:21:58

Analogy Inspired Biology

Authors: Prashanth R. Rao
Comments: 1 Page.

In this hypothesis paper, we identify a potential biological principle purely inspired by real life analogy. It is most likely that real examples in biology, disease, and pharmacology exist for this principle and have already been identified. The principle suggests how in an attempt to restore the level of a biological processes at one location or one instance, organisms/living systems may unintentionally end up dysregulating the process at another location or instance.
Category: Quantitative Biology

[47] viXra:2001.0054 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-04 13:06:37

Letter Nº4 :On pi

Authors: Edgar Valdebenito
Comments: 2 Pages.

We give a formula involving Pi.
Category: General Mathematics

[46] viXra:2001.0053 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-04 13:08:05

Letter Nº5 :Integrals

Authors: Edgar Valdebenito
Comments: 4 Pages.

We give some elementary integrals.
Category: General Mathematics

[45] viXra:2001.0052 [pdf] replaced on 2021-02-06 13:32:52

Marginal Likelihood Computation for Model Selection and Hypothesis Testing: an Extensive Review

Authors: F. Llorente, L. Martino, D. Delgado, J. Lopez-Santiago
Comments: 91 Pages.

This is an up-to-date introduction to, and overview of, marginal likelihood computation for model selection and hypothesis testing. Computing normalizing constants of probability models (or ratio of constants) is a fundamental issue in many applications in statistics, applied mathematics, signal processing and machine learning. This article provides a comprehensive study of the state-of-the-art of the topic. We highlight limitations, benefits, connections and differences among the different techniques. Problems and possible solutions with the use of improper priors are also described. Some of the most relevant methodologies are compared through theoretical comparisons and numerical experiments.
Category: Statistics

[44] viXra:2001.0051 [pdf] replaced on 2020-01-25 14:10:03

The Atemporal Platonic World: Sub-Photon Spacetime Vacuum

Authors: D. Chakalov
Comments: 7 Pages. Two drawings added and typos corrected. Final version.

Introduction to the atemporal Platonic world ‘It’, emerging from sub-photon spacetime vacuum. To reveal the atemporal Platonic world, called here ‘It’, I postulate new topology, structure, and dynamics of every dimensionless geometric point -- “that which has no part”, Euclid. Instead of adding new ‘ideal points’ to spacetime, I suggest Platonic structure of all points in spacetime: the apex of Minkowski cone is believed to possess non-trivial topology, structure, and dynamics due to the Heraclitean flow of events. The latter is modeled with an axis W that is “orthogonal” to 4D spacetime, and is “raised” at null intervals. I will briefly mention the implications to Quantum Theory and will focus on two unsolved issues in General Relativity: (i) the coupling of geometry to matter and (ii) the definition of spacetime “at infinity”, which is condicio sine qua non for understanding the positivity mass conjecture viz. the non-trivial localization of gravitational energy in the first issue (i). Once we accept the premise that geometry can act on matter, “telling it how to move” (John Wheeler), we face the century-old problem with the origin of gravitational energy: on the one hand, it must not be identical to that of matter and fields in the right-hand side at Einstein field equations (EFE), but on the other -- only matter can act on matter. The problem is still unsolved, even since the efforts by Gunnar Nordstrøm in 1914, and I am happy to report its unique solution, based on the atemporal Platonic world ‘It’.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[43] viXra:2001.0050 [pdf] replaced on 2020-02-11 17:21:26

The Relationship of Planck Constants and Wave Constants

Authors: Jeff Yee
Comments: 6 pages

Originally proposed in 1899 by Max Planck, the Planck unit system simplifies equations in physics, yet the meaning of each constant in the system is not well understood. The Planck mass is far heavier than an electron or proton while the Planck length is orders of magnitude smaller than these same particles. What do these units mean? When using wave equations to describe energies and forces of particles, the Planck units have meaning when mapped to new wave constants.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[42] viXra:2001.0049 [pdf] replaced on 2020-03-27 20:20:42

The Theory of Motion of Objects in the Universe

Authors: Arun Kumar Halihal Shanmukachary
Comments: 10 Pages.

Postulates that govern the motion of objects in the universe is presented. The paper presents the idea that number of objects defined here as reference mass, their geometry and color they emit or reflect is the fundamental cause of origination and occurrence of motion in the universe. The motion of objects in the universe is governed by newton's laws of motion that describes motion in terms of the absolute state of an object and cause of motion (interpreted as force), while also governed by Einstein ‘s special theory of relativity for objects moving at high speed. This paper will explain the importance of objects themselves and makes a proposition that the motion that exists between the objects in the universe is based on the fundamental nature of mutual existence of objects. It is critical to understand the evolution of motion between objects and then the nature of motion and its causes. The number of reference masses, their geometry, light emission or reflection are more fundamental than the force that acts on the masses. This paper will be first of series of papers, that will explain the nature of objects, their behavior in terms of motion as well as the fundamental nature of universe that is governed by the behavior of objects
Category: Classical Physics

[41] viXra:2001.0048 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-03 22:56:24

Restricted Proof - Upper Bound of the Sum Over All 2^(-|A|), where A is an Edge Cover of a given Graph is in P

Authors: Rikayan Chaki
Comments: Pages.

We consider the sum of all 2^(-|A|), where A is an edge cover of a graph G=(V, E), restricted to cases where |E| < 2|V| - 2. We show that this expression, under the given assumptions, is in P. This means that it is in O(Poly(G)) = O(Poly(V, E))
Category: Data Structures and Algorithms

[40] viXra:2001.0047 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-04 00:29:51

The Transformation of LIGHT into MATTER

Authors: J W Vegt
Comments: 51 Pages.

Within the scope of this article, LIGHT has been considered as any arbitrary Electromagnetic Radiation within a very wide frequency range, because during the transformation from Visible Light into the Gravitational Electromagnetic Confinement, the frequency changes in a very wide range. This frequency transformation is possible because of the combined Lorentz / Doppler-Effect transformation during the collapse (contraction) of the radiation when the Gravitational Electromagnetic Confinement has been formed (Implosion of Visible Light). Within the scope of this article MATTER is considered to be any kind of 3-dimensional confined (Electromagnetic) energy. The inner structure of a photon is based on a 3dimensional anisotropic equilibrium within the electromagnetic pulses in which an equilibrium does exist for the Electric and the Magnetic Fields separately generated by the pulses. A photon cannot be considered as a particle. Because particles are 3-dimensional confinements. Photons are anisotropic (in 1st and 2nd dimension a particle and in the 3rd dimension a wave) confinements of electromagnetic pulses, generated during the energy transitions within the atoms. Photons are 2-dimensional confinements of electromagnetic energy and demonstrate the property of inertia (electromagnetic mass) in the 2 directions of confinement. In the 3rd direction, the direction of propagation, photons can only be considered as an electromagnetic wave and for that reason do not demonstrate the property of inertia. Electromagnetic waves cannot be accelerated or decelerated because the speed of light is a universal constant. For that reason, photons interact with a gravitational field in an anisotropic way. Due to a gravitational field, photons can be accelerated or decelerated in the directions perpendicular to the direction of propagation and follow a curved path. But a gravitational field in the direction of propagation will have no impact on the speed of the photons, which will remain the unchanged universal constant, the speed of light. Photonics is the physical science of light based on the concept of “photons” introduced by Albert Einstein in the early 20th century. Einstein introduced this concept in the “particle-wave duality” discussion with Niels Bohr to demonstrate that even light has particle properties (mass and momentum) and wave properties (frequency). That concept became a metaphor and from that time on a beam of light has been generally considered as a beam of particles (photons). Which is a wrong understanding. Light particles do not exist. Photons are nothing else but electromagnetic complex wave configurations and light particles are not like “particles” but separated electromagnetic wave packages, 2-dimensionally confined in the directions perpendicular to the direction of propagation and in a perfect equilibrium with the radiation pressure and the inertia of electromagnetic energy in the forward direction, controlling the speed of light. This new theory will explain how electromagnetic wave packages demonstrate inertia, mass and momentum and which forces keep the wave packages together in a way that they can be measured like particles with their own specific mass and momentum. All we know about light, and in generally about any electromagnetic field configuration, has been 2 based only on two fundamental theories. James Clerk Maxwell introduced in 1865 the “Theory of Electrodynamics” with the publication: “A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field” and Albert Einstein introduced in 1905 the “Theory of Special Relativity” with the publication: “On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies” and in 1913 the “Theory of General Relativity” with the publication ”Outline of a Generalized Theory of Relativity and of a Theory of Gravitation”. However, both theories are not capable to explain the property of electromagnetic mass and in specific the anisotropy of the phenomenon of electromagnetic mass presented e.g. in a LASER beam. To understand what electromagnetic inertia and the corresponding electromagnetic mass is and how the anisotropy of electromagnetic mass can be explained and how it has to be defined, a New Theory about Light has to be developed. A part of this “New Theory about Light”, based on Newton’s well- known Equation in 3 dimensions will be published in this article in an extension into 4 dimensions. Newton’s 4-dimensional law in the 3 spatial dimensions results in an improved version of the classical Maxwell equations and Newton’s law in the 4th dimension (time) results in the quantum mechanical Schrödinger wave equation (at non-relativistic velocities) and the relativistic Dirac equation.
Category: Classical Physics

[39] viXra:2001.0046 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-04 03:11:45

Elusive Majorana Quasiparticle Still a Mystery

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 54 Pages.

"When the Italian physicist Ettore Majorana predicted the possibility of a new fundamental particle which is its own antiparticle, little could he have envisioned the long-lasting implications of his imaginative idea," said Nitin Samarth, Downsbrough Department Head and professor of physics at Penn State. [34] As mysterious as the Italian scientist for which it is named, the Majorana particle is one of the most compelling quests in physics. [33] With their insensitivity to decoherence, Majorana particles could become stable building blocks of quantum computers. [32] A team of researchers at the University of Maryland has found a new way to route photons at the micrometer scale without scattering by building a topological quantum optics interface. [31] Researchers at the University of Bristol's Quantum Engineering Technology Labs have demonstrated a new type of silicon chip that can help building and testing quantum computers and could find their way into your mobile phone to secure information. [30] Theoretical physicists propose to use negative interference to control heat flow in quantum devices. [29] Particle physicists are studying ways to harness the power of the quantum realm to further their research. [28] A fundamental barrier to scaling quantum computing machines is "qubit interference." In new research published in Science Advances, engineers and physicists from Rigetti Computing describe a breakthrough that can expand the size of practical quantum processors by reducing interference. [26] The search and manipulation of novel properties emerging from the quantum nature of matter could lead to next-generation electronics and quantum computers. [25]
Category: Quantum Physics

[38] viXra:2001.0045 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-04 03:48:24

Superconducting Quantum Material

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 25 Pages.

Northeastern researchers have used a powerful computer model to probe a puzzling class of copper-based materials that can be turned into superconductors. [37] A NIMS-Ehime University joint research team succeeded in discovering new materials that exhibit superconductivity under high pressure using materials informatics (MI) approaches (data science-based material search techniques). [36] Measuring the properties of superconducting materials in magnetic fields at close to absolute zero temperatures is difficult, but necessary to understand their quantum properties. [35] Scientists from Russia, China and the United States predicted and have now experimentally identified new uranium hydrides, predicting superconductivity for some of them. [34] Russian physicists from MIPT teamed up with foreign colleagues for a groundbreaking experimental study of a material that possesses both superconducting and ferromagnetic properties. [33] An international group of scientists, including a researcher from Skoltech, has completed an experimental and theoretical study into the properties displayed by strongly disordered superconductors at very low temperatures. [32] The researchers found that via quick-freeze technique, the metal changed into a superconducting state for over a week. [31] Scientists of the University of Twente and the University of Amsterdam now demonstrate a new property: the non-superconducting material bismuth shows lossless current conduction. [30] A team of international scientists including Maia G. Vergniory, Ikerbasque researcher at DIPC and UPV/EHU associate, has discovered a new class of materials, higher-order topological insulators. [29] A team of researchers from Japan, the U.S. and China, has identified a topological superconducting phase for possible use in an iron-based material in quantum computers. [28] Physicists have shown that superconducting circuits-circuits that have zero electrical resistance-can function as piston-like mechanical quantum engines. The new perspective may help researchers design quantum computers and other devices with improved efficiencies. [27] This paper explains the magnetic effect of the superconductive current from the observed effects of the accelerating electrons, causing naturally the experienced changes of the electric field potential along the electric wire. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the wave particle duality and the electron's spin also, building the bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The changing acceleration of the electrons explains the created negative electric field of the magnetic induction, the Higgs Field, the changing Relativistic Mass and the Gravitational Force, giving a Unified Theory of the physical forces. Taking into account the Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators also, we can explain the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions. Since the superconductivity is basically a quantum mechanical phenomenon and some entangled particles give this opportunity to specific matters, like Cooper Pairs or other entanglements, as strongly correlated materials and Exciton-mediated electron pairing, we can say that the secret of superconductivity is the quantum entanglement.
Category: Quantum Physics

[37] viXra:2001.0044 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-04 04:07:27

Infrared Spectroscopy of Biological Systems

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 53 Pages.

Scientists at the Laboratory for Attosecond Physics have developed a unique laser technology for the analysis of the molecular composition of biological samples. [35] A group of scientists from the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS) and the TSU Biological Institute has established a path through which nanoparticles of viruses and organic and inorganic substances from the environment enter the brain. [34] A new analysis of people’s brain waves when surrounded by different magnetic fields suggests that people have a “sixth sense” for magnetism. [33]
Category: Physics of Biology

[36] viXra:2001.0043 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-04 05:16:51

Venus has Active Volcanoes

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 61 Pages.

New research led by Universities Space Research Association (USRA) and published today in Science Advances shows that lava flows on Venus may be only a few years old, suggesting that Venus could be volcanically active today—making it the only planet in our solar system, other than Earth, with recent eruptions. [36] A team of astronomers at the National Centre for Radio Astrophysics (NCRA) in Pune, India have discovered a mysterious ring of hydrogen gas around a distant galaxy, using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT). [35]
Category: Astrophysics

[35] viXra:2001.0042 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-04 06:34:03

Molecular Interactions of Medicines

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 55 Pages.

A first-of-its-kind study on molecular interactions by biomedical engineers in the University of Minnesota's College of Science and Engineering will make it easier and more efficient for scientists to develop new medicines and other therapies for diseases such as cancer, HIV and autoimmune diseases. [36] Scientists at the Laboratory for Attosecond Physics have developed a unique laser technology for the analysis of the molecular composition of biological samples. [35] A group of scientists from the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS) and the TSU Biological Institute has established a path through which nanoparticles of viruses and organic and inorganic substances from the environment enter the brain. [34]
Category: Physics of Biology

[34] viXra:2001.0040 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-04 09:21:59

LeGuess – Predicting or Guessing the Next Scene Using Image Sequences for Accelerating Autonomous Capabilities.

Authors: Ranjan Akarsh
Comments: 9 Pages. Kindly reach out to me for any queries. I'd be happy comply.

This paper depicts a network called LeGuess (LeG) which, using computer vision, is able to precisely predict the future scenes given sequence of images. The network is able to automatically learn the features and representations of the objects present in the sequence of images fed as input. Furthermore, this network learns the movements of the objects and predicts very well. The network is mainly designed for the domain of Autonomous Vehicles, which contains plenty of applications alone. Taking this in note, LeG can be applied to predict the steering angles, predicting the future positions of cars, trucks, cyclists, etc., ready a generative model to generate images along with steering angles, which could be used to train vehicles to drive, as well as generate images of road with/without lane to train segmentation for better autonomous driving. The network is designed to make predictions (local) of up to given number of time-steps ahead.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[33] viXra:2001.0039 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-03 10:56:02

A Study on the Application of New Regeneration Energies to Buildings Associated with Smart Grids

Authors: Gum Chol Ri, Un Chol Ri ,Yong Hwan Kim, Chol Hak Pak
Comments: 9 Pages.

This paper presented a problem to establish the energy system for the building by using renewable energy reasonably. In this paper, based on the consideration of the smart grid, scientific and technical problems were dealt with in applying power generated by using renewable energy to buildings in connection with the smart grid. Besides, a new structural system was proposed for the application of the additional renewable energy building in connection with the smart grid
Category: Thermodynamics and Energy

[32] viXra:2001.0037 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-03 14:40:30

Anomaly Detection for Cybersecurity: Time Series Forecasting and Deep Learning

Authors: Giordano Colò
Comments: 32 Pages.

Finding anomalies when dealing with a great amount of data creates issues related to the heterogeneity of different values and to the difficulty of modelling trend data during time. In this paper we combine the classical methods of time series analysis with deep learning techniques, with the aim to improve the forecast when facing time series with long-term dependencies. Starting with forecasting methods and comparing the expected values with the observed ones, we will find anomalies in time series. We apply this model to a bank cybersecurity case to find anomalous behavior related to branches applications usage.
Category: Statistics

[31] viXra:2001.0036 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-02 23:38:03

Approximation-Degree-Based Interpolation: A New Interpolation Method

Authors: Shiyou Lian
Comments: 26 Pages.

This paper introduces the measure of approximate-degree and the concept of approximate-degree function between numerical values, thus developing a new interpolation method —— approximation-degree-based interpolation, i.e., AD interpolation. One-dimensional AD interpolation is done directly by using correlative interpolation formulas; n(n>1)-dimensional AD interpolation is firstly separated into n parallel one-dimensional AD interpolation computations to do respectively, and then got results are synthesized by Sum-Times-Difference formula into a value as the result value of the n-dimensional interpolation. If the parallel processing is used, the efficiency of n-dimensional AD interpolation is almost the same as that of the one-dimensional AD interpolation. Thus it starts a feasible and convenient approach and provides an effective method for high-dimensional interpolations. Furthermore, if AD interpolation is introduced into machine learning, a new instance-based learning method is expected to be realized.
Category: General Mathematics

[30] viXra:2001.0035 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-03 00:59:30

On G/N ≈ (G/K)/(N/K)

Authors: Henry Wong
Comments: 1 Page.

An addendum to group theory.
Category: Algebra

[29] viXra:2001.0034 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-03 01:08:58

A Chain of Circles Touching a Circle and Its Tangent and Division by Zero

Authors: Hiroshi Okumura
Comments: 3 Pages.

We consider a chain of circles by division by zero.
Category: Geometry

[28] viXra:2001.0033 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-03 01:10:06

Invention of the Telephone

Authors: Rochelle Forrester
Comments: 5 Pages.

The ultimate cause of much historical, social and cultural change is the gradual accumulation of knowledge of the environment. Human beings use the materials in their environment to meet their needs and increased human knowledge of the environment enables human needs to be met in a more efficient manner. Humans have a need to communicate and the invention of the telephone enabled them to communicate in a more efficient manner. It is clear that the telephone could only be invented due to the existence of certain materials in the environment such as carbon granules, electrons, and conducting and insulating materials. If these materials did not exist, then the telephone could not have been invented. It is equally clear the telephone could only have been invented, when it was invented, as before that time humans did not know enough about the materials used in the invention of the telephone, to allow them to invent the telephone. Prior discoveries concerning these materials were necessary before the telephone could be invented. The social and cultural consequences of the invention of the telephone could obviously only take place after the invention of the telephone.
Category: Social Science

[27] viXra:2001.0032 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-03 02:56:59

From Astronomy to the Nano-Scale

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 60 Pages.

Researchers at Columbia University and University of California, San Diego, have introduced a novel "multi-messenger" approach to quantum physics that signifies a technological leap in how scientists can explore quantum materials. [39] This inherent flexibility should enable many interesting applications in, for instance, computation and health care. [38] New research from Washington University in St. Louis and Argonne National Laboratory coaxes electrons down the track that they typically don't travel-advancing understanding of the earliest light-driven events of photosynthesis. [37] UK researchers have developed world-leading Compound Semiconductor (CS) technology that can drive future high-speed data communications. [36] "Regarding new perspectives, this could lead to similar fantastic developments as in the field of magnetism, such as electronic coherence in quantum computing," says Schultze hopefully, who now leads a working group focusing on attosecond physics A team of researchers at the University of Maryland has found a new way to route photons at the micrometer scale without scattering by building a topological quantum optics interface. [31] Researchers at the University of Bristol's Quantum Engineering Technology Labs have demonstrated a new type of silicon chip that can help building and testing quantum computers and could find their way into your mobile phone to secure information. [30] Theoretical physicists propose to use negative interference to control heat flow in quantum devices. [29]
Category: Quantum Physics

[26] viXra:2001.0031 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-03 03:32:06

Performance Benchmark for Quantum Computers

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 91 Pages.

Researchers at the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory have developed a quantum chemistry simulation benchmark to evaluate the performance of quantum devices and guide the development of applications for future quantum computers. [55] Significant technical and financial issues remain towards building a large, fault-tolerant quantum computer and one is unlikely to be built within the coming decade. [54] Chemists at Friedrich Schiller University in Jena (Germany) have now synthesised a molecule that can perform the function of a computing unit in a quantum computer. [53] The research team developed the first optical microchip to generate, manipulate and detect a particular state of light called squeezed vacuum, which is essential for HYPERLINK "https://phys.org/tags/quantum/" quantum computation. [52] Australian scientists have investigated new directions to scale up qubits-utilising the spin-orbit coupling of atom qubits-adding a new suite of tools to the armory. [51] A team of international researchers led by engineers from the National University of Singapore (NUS) have invented a new magnetic device to manipulate digital information 20 times more efficiently and with 10 times more stability than commercial spintronic digital memories. [50]
Category: Quantum Physics

[25] viXra:2001.0030 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-03 04:40:04

Particle Accelerator Fits on a Chip

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 20 Pages.

Now, for the first time, scientists at Stanford and SLAC have created a silicon chip that can accelerate electrons-albeit at a fraction of the velocity of that massive instrument-using an infrared laser to deliver, in less than a hair's width, the sort of energy boost that takes microwaves many feet. [12] The first full characterization measurement of an accelerator beam in six dimensions will advance the understanding and performance of current and planned accelerators around the world. [11] Researchers have found a way to accelerate antimatter in a 1000x smaller space than current accelerators, boosting the science of exotic particles. [10] THREE WEEKS AGO, upon sifting through the aftermath of their protonsmashing experiments, physicists working at the Large Hadron Collider reported an unusual bump in their signal: the signature of two photons simultaneously hitting a detector. Physicists identify particles by reading these signatures, which result from the decay of larger, unstable particles that form during high-energy collisions. It's how they discovered the Higgs boson back in 2012. But this time, they had no idea where the photons came from. [9] In 2012, a proposed observation of the Higgs boson was reported at the Large Hadron Collider in CERN. The observation has puzzled the physics community, as the mass of the observed particle, 125 GeV, looks lighter than the expected energy scale, about 1 TeV. [8] 'In the new run, because of the highest-ever energies available at the LHC, we might finally create dark matter in the laboratory,' says Daniela. 'If dark matter is the lightest SUSY particle than we might discover many other SUSY particles, since SUSY predicts that every Standard Model particle has a SUSY counterpart.' [7] The problem is that there are several things the Standard Model is unable to explain, for example the dark matter that makes up a large part of the universe. Many particle physicists are therefore working on the development of new, more comprehensive models. [6] They might seem quite different, but both the Higgs boson and dark matter particles may have some similarities. The Higgs boson is thought to be the particle that gives matter its mass. And in the same vein, dark matter is thought to account for much of the 'missing mass' in galaxies in the universe. It may be that these mass-giving particles have more in common than was thought. [5] The magnetic induction creates a negative electric field, causing an electromagnetic inertia responsible for the relativistic mass change; it is the mysterious Higgs Field giving mass to the particles. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate by the diffraction patterns. The accelerating charges explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the wave particle duality and the electron's spin also, building the bridge between the Classical and Relativistic Quantum Theories. The self maintained electric potential of the accelerating charges equivalent with the General Relativity space-time curvature, and since it is true on the quantum level also, gives the base of the Quantum Gravity.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[24] viXra:2001.0029 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-03 04:59:39

Snake-Like Proteins Wrangle DNA

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 36 Pages.

Members of Rice's Center for Theoretical Biological Physics (CTBP) are taking a deep dive into the dynamics of essential proteins that help DNA fold into its compact, functional form in chromosomes. [22] Histones are proteins that regulate the unwinding of DNA in the cell nucleus and the expression of genes based on chemical modifications or "marks" that are placed on their tails. [21] Now, in a new paper published in Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Mayo researchers have determined how one DNA repair protein gets to the site of DNA damage. [20]
Category: Physics of Biology

[23] viXra:2001.0028 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-03 05:31:24

New Types of Permuting N-Derivations with Their Applications on Associative Rings

Authors: Mehsin Jabel Atteya
Comments: 48 Pages.

In this article, we introduce new generators of a permuting n-derivations to improve and increase the action of usual derivation. We produce a permuting n-generalized semiderivation, a permuting n-semigeneralized semiderivation, a permuting n-antisemigeneralized semiderivation and a permuting skew n-antisemigeneralized semiderivation of non-empty rings with their applications. Actually, we study the behaviour of those types and present their results of semiprime ring R. Examples of various results have also been included. That is, many of the branches of science such as business, engineering and quantum physics, which used a derivation, have the opportunity to invest them in solving their problems.
Category: Algebra

[22] viXra:2001.0027 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-03 06:13:06

Machine Learning Graphene Oxide

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 45 Pages.

This question is important for optimizing the properties of the carbon material in real-world applications, and researchers at CSIRO in Australia have now tried to answer it using machine learning. [27] Reporting their findings in the open-access journal npj Computational Materials, the researchers show that their ML method, involving "transfer learning," enables the discovery of materials with desired properties even from an exceeding small data set. [26] The analysis of sensor data of machines, plants or buildings makes it possible to detect anomalous states early and thus to avoid further damage. [25] Physicists in the US have used machine learning to determine the phase diagram of a system of 12 idealized quantum particles to a higher precision than ever before. [24] The research group took advantage of a system at SLAC's Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) that combines machine learning-a form of artificial intelligence where computer algorithms glean knowledge from enormous amounts of data-with experiments that quickly make and screen hundreds of sample materials at a time. [23] Researchers at the UCLA Samueli School of Engineering have demonstrated that deep learning, a powerful form of artificial intelligence, can discern and enhance microscopic details in photos taken by smartphones. [22] Such are the big questions behind one of the new projects underway at the MIT-IBM Watson AI Laboratory, a collaboration for research on the frontiers of artificial intelligence. [21]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[21] viXra:2001.0026 [pdf] replaced on 2020-01-25 07:04:46

Diffusion Gravity (5): Perihelion Precessions as Indicators of Galactic Gravity

Authors: DH Fulton
Comments: 14 Pages. This is fifth in series on Diffusion Gravity theory that presents an alternative source for perihelion precession of Mercury

Diffusion Gravity theory has shown in previous works that the constant velocity profiles of galaxies may be a direct result of equipotential “locking” of stars to the zero-potential balance point between the star and its parent galaxy. This hypothesis was incorporated into the Diffusion Gravity model in a previous paper [9] along with the integral mechanism of gravitational attraction to explain those constant velocity profiles that are otherwise attributed to “dark matter”. In this current research report, DG postulates other effects between the Sun-Mercury pair and the Milky Way Galaxy (MWG), and compares them with Mercury precession models from numerous other researchers, some or all of which can account for the precession advance of the perihelion of Mercury. In particular, the acceleration-torque effect of the MWG should also advance precession of the perihelion, thus contributing and adding to the total calculated by mass-ring models to arrive at the measured total precession advance of the perihelion of Mercury of 575.31 arcseconds per century .
Category: Astrophysics

[20] viXra:2001.0023 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-02 09:59:43

Interpretation of Shannon Entropies with Various Bases by Means of Multinary Searching Games

Authors: Hsuan-Hao Chao, Chang Hsu, Long Hsu, Sien Chi
Comments: 8 Pages.

Ben-Naim used twenty question games to illustrate Shannon entropy with base 2 as a measure of the amount of information in terms of the minimum average number of binary questions. We found that Shannon entropy with base 2 equal to the minimum average number of binary questions is only valid under a special condition. The special condition is referred to as the equiprobability condition, which requires that the outcomes of every question have equal probability, thus restricting the probability distribution. This requirement is proven for a ternary game and a proposed multinary game as well. The proposed multinary game finds a coin hidden in one of several boxes by using a multiple pan balance. We have shown that the minimum average number of weighing measurements by using the multiple pan balance can be directly obtained by using Shannon entropy with base b under the equiprobability condition. Therefore, Shannon entropy with base b can be interpreted as the minimum average number of weighing measurements by using the multiple pan balance when the multiple outcomes have equal probability every time.
Category: Education and Didactics

[19] viXra:2001.0022 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-02 10:04:34

Signal Loss in Magnonic Circuits

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 40 Pages.

The recent study by the Russian physicists has shown the waveguides to have a greater effect than anticipated. In fact, it turns out that a poorly chosen waveguide geometry can result in complete signal loss. [26] In the emerging field of magnon spintronics, researchers seek to transport and process information by means of so-called magnon spin currents. [25] Working together, Miller, Boehme, Vardeny and their colleagues have shown that an organic-based magnet can carry waves of quantum mechanical magnetization, called magnons, and convert those waves to electrical signals. [24] While standard quantum hardware entangles particles in two states, the team has found a way to generate and entangle pairs of particles that each has 15 states. [23]
Category: Condensed Matter

[18] viXra:2001.0021 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-02 10:35:54

Reversing Electron's Course

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 57 Pages.

New research from Washington University in St. Louis and Argonne National Laboratory coaxes electrons down the track that they typically don't travel—advancing understanding of the earliest light-driven events of photosynthesis. [37] UK researchers have developed world-leading Compound Semiconductor (CS) technology that can drive future high-speed data communications. [36] "Regarding new perspectives, this could lead to similar fantastic developments as in the field of magnetism, such as electronic coherence in quantum computing," says Schultze hopefully, who now leads a working group focusing on attosecond physics at the Institute of Experimental Physics. [35]
Category: Condensed Matter

[17] viXra:2001.0020 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-02 11:11:08

Astronaut's Blood During NASA Mission

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 59 Pages.

"My first reaction when NASA reached out to me was to ask if I could visit the International Space Station (ISS) to examine the patient myself," said Stephan Moll, MD, UNC School of Medicine blood clot expert and long-time NASA enthusiast. [34] The data comprising this image were gathered by the Wide Field Camera 3 aboard the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope. [33] For almost 10 years, astronomers have been studying a mysterious diffuse radiation coming from the centre of our galaxy. [32] Deep beneath a mountain in the Apennine range in Italy, an intricate apparatus searches for the dark matter of the universe. [31]
Category: Astrophysics

[16] viXra:2001.0019 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-02 11:55:39

Flexible Photonic Crystal

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 59 Pages.

This inherent flexibility should enable many interesting applications in, for instance, computation and health care. [38] New research from Washington University in St. Louis and Argonne National Laboratory coaxes electrons down the track that they typically don't travel—advancing understanding of the earliest light-driven events of photosynthesis. [37] UK researchers have developed world-leading Compound Semiconductor (CS) technology that can drive future high-speed data communications. [36] "Regarding new perspectives, this could lead to similar fantastic developments as in the field of magnetism, such as electronic coherence in quantum computing," says Schultze hopefully, who now leads a working group focusing on attosecond physics at the Institute of Experimental Physics. [35]
Category: Condensed Matter

[15] viXra:2001.0018 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-02 12:15:41

What's a Muon Anyways!?

Authors: Lucian M Ionescu
Comments: 8 Pages.

Understanding the role of muons in Particle Physics is an important step understanding generations and the origin of mass as an expression of internal structure. A possible connection between muonic atoms and cycloatoms is used as a pretext to speculate on the above core issue of the Standard Model.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[14] viXra:2001.0017 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-02 12:52:26

Hydrogen Gas Around Distant Galaxy

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 60 Pages.

A team of astronomers at the National Centre for Radio Astrophysics (NCRA) in Pune, India have discovered a mysterious ring of hydrogen gas around a distant galaxy, using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT). [35] "My first reaction when NASA reached out to me was to ask if I could visit the International Space Station (ISS) to examine the patient myself," said Stephan Moll, MD, UNC School of Medicine blood clot expert and long-time NASA enthusiast. [34] The data comprising this image were gathered by the Wide Field Camera 3 aboard the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope. [33]
Category: Astrophysics

[13] viXra:2001.0015 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-02 02:15:05

Scala based Image Processing Using Gröbner Bases/Wavelets/Deep Learning - An Insight & Short Technical Notes.

Authors: Nirmal Tej Kumar
Comments: 3 Pages. Short Communication & Technical Notes

Scala based Image Processing Using Gröbner Bases/Wavelets/Deep Learning - An Insight & Short Technical Notes. [ Glimpsing into the Future of AI + Interesting Applications ]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[12] viXra:2001.0014 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-02 04:14:14

A Mass Can be Lifted with Force Far Less Than Its Weight

Authors: Yahya A.Sharif
Comments: 1 Page. Email:yahya-sharif@hotmail.com

I can carry up my 60 kg body with only my weak feet muscles when trying to pick a fruit on a tree.
Category: Classical Physics

[11] viXra:2001.0013 [pdf] replaced on 2020-12-11 08:33:50

A Theory of Everything Physics Solution Using a Two-Step Integrated Physics/Mathematics Methodology – Version 2

Authors: Antonio A. Colella
Comments: 79 Pages.

Two astrophysics issue resolution methodologies are: the current astrophysics community’s single primarily mathematics step and a two-step integrated physics/mathematics consisting of a conceptual physics step followed by an equally important mathematics step. The current astrophysics community’s single-step methodology provided most if not all of the spectacularly successful astrophysics achievements over the last century. However, a single-step methodology solution does not exist for a Theory of Everything (TOE). In contrast, a two-step integrated physics/mathematics methodology provides a TOE physics solution. The current astrophysics community’s single primarily mathematics step and the two-step integrated physics/mathematics methodologies are complementary and essential for future astrophysics achievements. The conceptual physics step of a TOE Physics Solution using a Two-Step Integrated Physics/Mathematics Methodology, consisted of interrelated amplified requirements or “New Physics” requirements for 20 TOE constituent theories. “New Physics” requirements which never previously existed, were 689 or 61% of all 1,134 TOE requirements. The conceptual physics step had three goals. First, “Everything” was defined as 20 interrelated amplified constituent theories and their intimate physical relationships with each other. The 20 theories were; superstring, particle creation, inflation, Higgs forces, spontaneous symmetry breaking, superpartner and Standard Model (SM) decays, neutrino oscillations, dark matter, universe expansions, dark energy, messenger particles, relative strengths of forces/Hierarchy problem, Super Universe (multiverse), stellar black holes (stars and galaxies), black hole entropy, arrow of time, cosmological constant problem, black hole information paradox, baryogenesis, and quantum gravity. Second, all 19 key outstanding TOE physics questions were explicitly defined and answered including what are: Higgs forces, the fundamental matter and force particles equivalent of Mendeleev’s Periodic Table of elements, stellar black holes, inflation and spontaneous symmetry breaking potential field functions, quantum fluctuations of fundamental particles, physical and mathematical singularities, and the seven extra dimensions; what is: dark energy, dark matter, super supersymmetry (SSUSY) of Higgs particles, the border between quantum gravity and classical physics or Schrodinger wave function applicability, the boundary between quantum gravity and general relativity, our universe’s implementation of the It from Qubit (IfQ) concept, and particle entanglement; and what caused: the start of our universe, hierarchy problem, black hole information paradox, baryogenesis, and the cosmological constant problem? Third, correct inputs were provided for the two part second mathematics step which followed, an amplification of the existing SM mathematics or Beyond the Standard Model (BSM) solution for particles and an N-body galaxy simulation for cosmology.
Category: Astrophysics

[10] viXra:2001.0012 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-02 06:29:34

Demonstration of Event-Driven Models

Authors: Dimiter Dobrev
Comments: 10 Pages. short summary in Bulgarian

The program Artificial Intelligence has to be able to understand the world. To do this, it has to build a model of the world. The language (format) in which this model will be described is very important. Could this format be Turing Machine or Markov decision process? Yes, it can, but only if we have an infinitely fast computer and an infinitely long training time. Can we offer a description format in which the world description is simple enough to be found automatically. Yes, Event-Driven models are such a format. We will demonstrate how the rules of the game of chess can be described by Event-Driven models and the resulting description will be simple enough.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[9] viXra:2001.0011 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-01 11:01:58

Орбиты Луны, планет и приливные силы.

Authors: Киров
Comments: 2 Pages. Russ lang

Рассмотрены вопросы стационарности планетарных орбит и Лунной орбиты.
Category: Astrophysics

[8] viXra:2001.0010 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-01 11:06:40

The Orbits of the Moon, Planets and Tidal Forces.

Authors: Kirov
Comments: 2 Pages.

The issues of stationarity of planetary orbits and the lunar orbit are considered.
Category: Astrophysics

[7] viXra:2001.0008 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-01 13:58:06

Fundamental Theorem of New Year: an Attempt to Unify Gravity, Quantum Stuff, and Engineering in a Mathematical Rigor.

Authors: Muhammad Ali Syaifudin
Comments: 4 Pages.

Every year, in some place, someone always tries to impress others by formulating a heavy mathematics kind of equation that ended up to be very simple. Despite the scare looking math, it actually just a plain algebraic manipulation which is on the same level as kindergarten mathematics with little physics if any. Here I present a better approach to explain the fundamental mystery of nature which is unsolved for millennia, even by type 3 alien civilization in a far far away galaxy in a long long time ago. This approach is incorporating the basic idea of Hilbert general relativity, Schrodinger wave equation, and a well known irrefutable Fundamental Theorem of Engineering that had saved billion even trillion people around the globe. The result is straightforwardly accurate and precise for any coordinate invariant observer.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[6] viXra:2001.0007 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-01 15:10:01

Michelson-Morley Revisited with Occam’s Razor

Authors: Raymond HV Gallucci, Pe
Comments: 8 Pages.

The results of the Michelson-Morley Experiment (MMX), allegedly showing that an aether medium for the propagation of light did not exist, were interpreted by Einstein under the constraint of a constant light speed. This led him to invent Special Relativity, not necessarily the simplest or most logical explanation, as would have been recommended by Occam’s Razor. MMX is revisualized here, relaxing these constraints to show what might have been the better conclusion, or at least dismissal of the MMX as a basis for inventing Special Relativity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[5] viXra:2001.0006 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-01 15:11:19

An Aether Perspective on Stellar Aberration

Authors: Raymond HV Gallucci, Pe
Comments: 7 Pages.

It has been known for nearly three centuries that, to view a clear image of a star through a telescope, it is necessary to tilt the telescope slightly forward in the direction of the earth’s motion, a phenomenon known as “stellar aberration.” Normally explained by mainstream physics without the presence of an aether medium for light transport and with relativistic corrections due to time dilation/length contraction via Lorentz transforms, this article examines stellar aberration from the perspective of an aether presence, including both a stationary and fully entrained aether, as well as the intermediate case of a partially entrained (“dragged”) aether. Comparison is made with the parallel cases without an aether, with the option to allow light to acquire its source velocity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[4] viXra:2001.0005 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-01 15:38:39

On Some Ramanujan Formulas Concerning Highly Composite Numbers: New Possible Mathematical Connections with Various Parameters of Particle Physics, Dark Matter, Dark Energy and Cosmology III.

Authors: Michele Nardelli, Antonio Nardelli
Comments: 130 Pages.

In this research thesis, we have analyzed further Ramanujan formulas inherent Highly composite numbers and described new possible mathematical connections with various parameters of Particle Physics, Dark Matter, Dark Energy and Cosmology
Category: Number Theory

[3] viXra:2001.0003 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-01 06:38:26

Probability Models and Ultralogics

Authors: Robert A. Herrmann
Comments: 10 Pages.

In this paper, we show how nonstandard consequence operators, ultralogics, can generate the general informational content displayed by probability models. In particular, a model that states a specific probability that an event will occur and those models that use a specific distribution to predict that an event will occur. These results have many diverse applications and even apply to the collapse of the wave function.
Category: Statistics

[2] viXra:2001.0002 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-01 08:13:20

Galaxy with an Active Center

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 57 Pages.

The data comprising this image were gathered by the Wide Field Camera 3 aboard the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope. [33] For almost 10 years, astronomers have been studying a mysterious diffuse radiation coming from the centre of our galaxy. [32] Deep beneath a mountain in the Apennine range in Italy, an intricate apparatus searches for the dark matter of the universe. [31] A Multiverse—where our Universe is only one of many—might not be as inhospitable to life as previously thought, according to new research. [30]
Category: Astrophysics

[1] viXra:2001.0001 [pdf] submitted on 2020-01-01 08:48:28

Magnetic Ropes in Whale Galaxy' Halo

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 58 Pages.

Using the National Science Foundation's Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array radio telescope, a team of astronomers has captured for the first time an image of large-scale, coherent, magnetic fields in the halo of a faraway spiral galaxy, confirming theoretical modeling of how galaxies generate magnetic fields and potentially increasing knowledge of how galaxies form and evolve. [34] The data comprising this image were gathered by the Wide Field Camera 3 aboard the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope. [33] For almost 10 years, astronomers have been studying a mysterious diffuse radiation coming from the centre of our galaxy. [32] Deep beneath a mountain in the Apennine range in Italy, an intricate apparatus searches for the dark matter of the universe. [31] A Multiverse-where our Universe is only one of many-might not be as inhospitable to life as previously thought, according to new research. [30]
Category: Astrophysics