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Any replacements are listed further down
[390] viXra:1306.0165 [pdf] submitted on 2013-06-19 14:27:32
Authors: Raymond Jensen
Comments: 15 Pages.
Abstract. A well-known experiment from 1986 involving entangled pairs is
examined. The data, which until now have not been modeled quantitatively, is shown
not to be in agreement with the quantum measurement postulate using von Neumann
projectors. On the other hand, the data agree with the postulate using a more general
positive operator valued measure (POVM). The peculiarity of the POVM proposed
here is that it is only conditionally a POVM; i.e. it is not complete (trace-preserving)
on the entire Hilbert space but only on a subset, although the POVM elements
are positive semidefinite observables on the entire space. The state vector of the
aforementioned experiment is in the subset where completeness holds. An extension
of the conditional POVM is then applied to a proposed experiment involving three-
particle Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) entangled states. As with the Aspect
experiment, completeness holds for the conditional POVM upon application to the
GHZ state. Violation of the Bell inequality in the GHZ experiment does not occur
upon application of von-Neumann projectors; however the conditional POVM allows
for Bell inequality violation.
Category: Quantum Physics
[389] viXra:1306.0164 [pdf] submitted on 2013-06-19 10:27:36
Authors: Michael Muteru
Comments: 8 Pages.
The universe has always been a mystery to the human mind,It has proven to be a multi-faceted enterprise diverse as what it embodies.The Cosmological universe also has its basis too in philosophy,information on the universe is sought in modern ways using the physical theory.The universe displays reality at the deepest level.A Physical universe must also exist in maths,of which the fundamentals are digits/numbers.The universe is herein taken as a physical computer,I reveal The fundamentals that are most likely to make M-theory work-Using it to define the computational parameters that make the universe qualify to be a supercomputer easily capable of Quantum Computing. I take a historical walk from the past to the present displaying the mans quest for Truth about the universe and eventually reality.
Category: Quantum Physics
[388] viXra:1306.0142 [pdf] submitted on 2013-06-17 13:14:29
Authors: Janko Kokosar
Comments: 28 Pages. Shortened version will be published in FQXi contest 2013
As first, a mechanism how quantum coherence in the brain can last long enough is shown. This mechanism is based on very light elementary particles. Then the arguments follow as why consciousness should be a quantum phenomenon and how such an introduction of quantum consciousness modifies the formalism of quantum mechanics. This can also be tested by an experiment. Without use of quantum mechanics it is shown how to atomize consciousness and how to explain the Libet experiment, and why a location of feeling of consciousness is an important paradox. It is also shown that panpsychism is an answer to many questions about consciousness. The author claims that consciousness is physically so fundamental that it is not a result of some complex phenomena, but it is so fundamental as quantum physics and space-time.
Category: Quantum Physics
[387] viXra:1306.0141 [pdf] submitted on 2013-06-17 13:28:25
Authors: Kamal L Rajpal
Comments: 9 pages, 6 figures
An isolated static electron in free space is not a fixed particle at rest. It is always oscillating in a SHM in its own electromagnetic inertia field, rest frame even at zero kelvin temperature. This is non-thermal, standing wave, resonance Compton frequency, oscillation along a linear path or, along an elliptical or a circular (clockwise or anti-clockwise) path, corresponding to the electron’s intrinsic magnetic moment (spin up or spin down).
An electron with spin behaves like a tiny magnet. Intrinsic spin does not imply that a subatomic particle is spinning like a toy-top about its axis. A hypothetical electron without a charge is like the bob of a simple pendulum without a string.
Category: Quantum Physics
[386] viXra:1306.0108 [pdf] submitted on 2013-06-15 20:03:26
Authors: Michael Harney
Comments: 6 Pages.
It is well known that Maxwell’s equations describe electromagnetics at an abstract level – no knowledge about atomic theory or quantum mechanics is required. However, this abstraction also overlooks the physical nature of how electromagnetic fields originate and it may be that our concept of charge needs to be replaced with the more fundamental concept of warped spacetime as described by Einstein, and that matter waves may be the result of all electromagnetic (and possibly gravitational) phenomena.
Category: Quantum Physics
[385] viXra:1306.0102 [pdf] submitted on 2013-06-15 05:02:17
Authors: Peter Cameron
Comments: 1 Page.
Nonlocal reduction of entangled states is clarified by considering the role of background independent scale-invariant quantum impedances in decoherence of the unstable elementary particles, providing simple resolution of the black hole information paradox.
Category: Quantum Physics
[384] viXra:1306.0099 [pdf] submitted on 2013-06-14 09:37:10
Authors: Glenn A. Baxter
Comments: Five Pageg
A new quantum magnetic theory to explain all forms radiation, including cosmic background, radio, heat, light, X, Gamma, and Delta radiation, which also explains the wave particle duality of mass-less “photons.”
Category: Quantum Physics
[383] viXra:1306.0097 [pdf] submitted on 2013-06-14 02:27:20
Authors: Armin Nikkhah Shirazi
Comments: 29 Pages. Delivered talk at 'Quantum Foundations and Quantum Information' workshop in Vaxjo, Sweden on 6/13/2013
The predictions of Bell's inequalities, and their subsequent experimental verification in the form of correlations between spacelike separated events have led to the prevailing current view that `nature is non-local'. Here we examine the possibility that our current concept of locality may at present not be sufficiently differentiated, and that by using 'nature' synonymously with `spacetime' we may have missed an implication of special relativity which by rendering a more complete conception of locality permits such quantum correlations without either hidden variables or violations of locality.
Category: Quantum Physics
[382] viXra:1306.0087 [pdf] submitted on 2013-06-13 11:12:15
Authors: Keith D. Foote
Comments: 6 Pages.
The interpretation of light as transverse waves is critically examined. ‘Old information’ is updated and combined with ‘new information’ and a new model is presented. The behavior of electromagnetic waves is examined and compared with that of longitudinal sound waves. Synchrotron and Cerenkov radiation are used as supporting evidence showing light waves are not transverse in nature, and are transported by a medium.
Category: Quantum Physics
[381] viXra:1306.0084 [pdf] submitted on 2013-06-13 06:22:45
Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 7 Pages.
Considering the positive logarithmic values as the measure of entropy and the negative logarithmic values as the measure of information we get the Information – Entropy Theory of Physics, used first as the model of the computer chess program built in the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.
Applying this model to physics we have an understanding of the perturbation theory of the QED and QCD as the Information measure of Physics. We have an insight to the current research of Quantum Information Science. The generalization of the Weak Interaction shows the arrow of time in the associate research fields of the biophysics and others. We discuss also the event horizon of the Black Holes, closing the information inside.
Category: Quantum Physics
[380] viXra:1306.0075 [pdf] submitted on 2013-06-13 03:41:25
Authors: Armin Nikkhah Shirazi
Comments: 6 Pages. This is the paper version, a poster version has also been uploaded
This paper points out an internal tension between quantum collapse and expressions which
set eigenstates equal to superposition states in a different basis and thereby imply that
pre-measurement and immediate post-measurement states are of the same kind. Its
resolution appears to be either to discard the collapse postulate or to consider such states
to be of distinct kinds with respect to their association with a superposition of properties.
Category: Quantum Physics
[379] viXra:1306.0066 [pdf] submitted on 2013-06-11 04:45:17
Authors: Armin Nikkhah Shirazi
Comments: 1 Page. Presented at "Quantum Foundations and Quantum Information" Workshop in Vaxjo, Sweden 6.11-6.13
This poster points out an internal tension between quantum collapse and expressions which set eigenstates equal to superposition states in a different basis and thereby imply that pre-measurement and immediate post-measurement states are of the same kind. Its resolution appears to be either to discard the collapse postulate or to consider such states to be of distinct kinds with respect to their association with a superposition of properties.
Category: Quantum Physics
[378] viXra:1306.0061 [pdf] submitted on 2013-06-10 05:59:12
Authors: Mourici Shachter (Shechter)
Comments: 7 Pages.
In this paper the hydrogen atom is solved using Einstein Relativity Theory without any approximation. The solution is very short and simple. What I get is the exact behaviors of the hydrogen atom including Relativity the results are not linear, so linear differential equation like Schrödinger Equation Dirac Equation or Klein Gordon Equation deliver complicate expressions. My solution is just simple and elegant.
Most of the result published in the Wikipedia differ from my results and must be checked to establish the correct model
Category: Quantum Physics
[377] viXra:1306.0039 [pdf] submitted on 2013-06-06 07:35:32
Authors: Declan Traill
Comments: 10 Pages. (c) 2013 Declan Traill
The images [fig 1-9] in this paper are graphical representations of the fields generated by these wave functions using a 3D finite element vector modeling program [ref 1] I wrote to aid in the visualization and testing of proposed wave function solutions.
Category: Quantum Physics
[376] viXra:1306.0002 [pdf] submitted on 2013-06-02 02:49:26
Authors: Sunil Thakur
Comments: 18 Pages.
QFT is based on the assumption that at least 58 physical fields exist everywhere in space and time in a state of superposition.
This model of the physical structure of the universe differs significantly from the field of general relativity. In general relativity, objects are space-time structures. Einstein observes, “Since the theory of general relativity implies the representation of physical reality by a continuous field, the concept of particles or material points cannot play a fundamental part, nor can the concept of motion. The particle can only appear as a limited region in space in which the field strength or the energy density are particularly high.”
In general relativity, all systems are manifestations of a single field.
Thus, general relativity and quantum theory present two different models of the structure of the universe.
In this paper, we explore Pascuel Jordan’s suggestion that an act of observation creates what is being observed to show that the particles are manifestations of a single field. Standard model of particle physics emerges naturally from the field of general relativity. Particles emerge in this field as a consequence of an act of observation through the processes identified by the QCT. Therefore, we only need to give up the assumption of superposition of more than one physical field. A single field (we may call it the Higgs field) manifests in different forms.
Category: Quantum Physics
[375] viXra:1305.0190 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-30 13:05:46
Authors: Andrew Nassif
Comments: 2 Pages.
I don't agree with the aspects of the author, but since I have to cover all aspects of science I decided why not.
Category: Quantum Physics
[374] viXra:1305.0189 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-30 13:42:14
Authors: Thomas Alexander Meyer
Comments: 3 Pages.
Quantum mechanics is a solidly founded mathematical theory, but it has yet to be explained in first conceptual principles. The most obvious aberration to explanation that quantum mechanics has is interference and coherence. We simply do not understand why the preparation of a quantum mechanical system must not allow knowledge of path in order to display interference effects. We present the first principles of the information interpretation which provide a proper conceptual foundation of quantum mechanics and also lead to an explanation of interference and coherence.
Category: Quantum Physics
[373] viXra:1305.0185 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-29 16:18:36
Authors: Thomas Alexander Meyer
Comments: 7 Pages.
Interference effects are known to have a dependence upon indistinguishability of path. For this reason, it is accepted that different sources of a system cannot interfere if they have distinguishable states. We present an analysis of interference that predicts the allowance of interference between distinguishable states under the strict condition that the preparation has no distinguishability of path that results from the distinguishability of the states of the possible sources. This leads us to a new analysis of the quantum eraser experiment.
Category: Quantum Physics
[372] viXra:1305.0168 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-28 08:16:30
Authors: Thomas Alexander Meyer
Comments: 5 Pages.
All measurable phenomena in physics are irreducibly particle like and the wave picture of physical systems only arises when explaining a statistically relevant set of measurements of individual systems as an average. The wave picture arises in the effects of interference which can always be explained in the context of the state description of the interfering system, interference necessitates that the measurement outcomes be calculated by squaring the amplitudes after adding and non-interference is calculated by squaring before adding. Even though the calculation for each is independently valid, the change in the statistics when one modulates between interference and non-interference, as in the quantum eraser, requires a violation of the law of conservation of energy. There is no “driving force” in the change of statistics. It is always a change in preparation that leads to the change of interference statistics, whilst in the calculation there is only a change in the state description. The irreducibly particle like nature of the quanta requires that there be a causal “driving force” in the change in statistics and a mere change in description is an insufficient explanation by the standards of energy conservation. We present the argument that indeed this has already all been proven in the historic 1991 study of the ZWM papers of quantum coherence.
Category: Quantum Physics
[371] viXra:1305.0165 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-27 20:49:36
Authors: Joel M Williams
Comments: 3 Pages.
This short paper takes a look at the spatial implications of the MO and Valence Bond approaches as compared to those of the MCAS model.
Category: Quantum Physics
[370] viXra:1305.0159 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-27 08:23:09
Authors: Morten Krogh
Comments: 53 Pages.
We claim that everything is alive, and that quantum mechanics of $U(N)$ unifies physics and biology.
Category: Quantum Physics
[369] viXra:1305.0142 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-23 12:59:56
Authors: Mourici Shachter (Shechter)
Comments: 9 Pages.
The Schrödinger equation solve the Hydrogen-like Atom, the solution is very complicate mathematically and supply a very little understanding why the atom behave so.
In 1913 Bohr proposed a very simple model of the hydrogen atom. I extend this model to see what happens to the atom under a magnetic field. The results obtained using my simple approach are almost the same results obtained from Schrödinger equation with the endless solution, but the physical explanation is entirely different. I leave you the task to check what the correct explanation to the Hydrogen Atom is
See also
QUANTUM MECHANICS Solved using only Newtonian Mechanics
http://vixra.org/abs/1305.0078
Category: Quantum Physics
[368] viXra:1305.0140 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-23 06:47:25
Authors: Leo Vuyk
Comments: 8 Pages. 8
In the past I have described several experiments in support of the Quantum FFF model.
(Function Follows Form)
These experiment suggestions are described in several recent Vixra essays.
In this essay I will try to present a summary of these experiments related to
Mass based Lightspeed drag, Dual Quantum Push Gravity, Magnetic Monopole Radiation,
Human Consciousness, Double Stern Gerlach Entanglement and Micro Ball Lightning in the
lab.
Category: Quantum Physics
[367] viXra:1305.0129 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-21 03:46:47
Authors: Elemer E Rosinger
Comments: 20 Pages.
It was shown in [1], cited in the sequel as DRHM, that upon a correct use of the respective statistical data, the celebrated Bell inequalities cannot be violated by quantum systems. This paper presents in more detail the surprisingly elementary, even if rather subtle related basic argument in DRHM, and does so together with a few comments which, hopefully, may further facilitate its wider understanding.
Category: Quantum Physics
[366] viXra:1305.0098 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-16 08:43:17
Authors: Richard L. Amoroso
Comments: 15 Pages.
For a hundred years violation or surmounting the Quantum Uncertainty Principle has remained a Holy Grail of both theoretical and empirical physics. Utilizing an operationally completed form of Quantum Theory cast in a string theoretic Higher Dimensional (HD) form of Dirac covariant polarized vacuum with a complex Einstein energy dependent spacetime metric, M4:C4 with sufficient degrees of freedom to be causally free of the local quantum state, we present a simple empirical model for ontologically surmounting the phenomenology of uncertainty through a Sagnac Effect RF pulsed Laser Oscillated Vacuum Energy Resonance hierarchy cast within an extended form of a Wheeler-Feynman-Cramer Transactional Calabi-Yau mirror symmetric spacetime backcloth.
Category: Quantum Physics
[365] viXra:1305.0078 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-12 13:42:20
Authors: Mourici Shachter(Shechter)
Comments: 10 Pages.
In this paper I solve classical quantum mechanics problems without using Schrödinger equation. Problems solved are: particle in a 1, 2, and 3 dimensional box, particle in a ring, Quantum harmonic oscillator, and hydrogen-like atoms. Solutions are very short, and rely on Newtonian Mechanics.
This issue make easy to understand the mysteries of Quantum Theory
Category: Quantum Physics
[364] viXra:1305.0077 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-12 19:38:59
Authors: Joel M Williams
Comments: 7 Pages.
This paper looks at the atomic bonding involved in the diatomic molecules of the second period of the periodic table. It addresses their molecular electrostatics, bond strengths, and electron affinities. Particular attention is given to the anomalies of the carbon diatom. Questions are raised about the sensibleness of the spdf model’s spatial ability to contain two electrons on an axis between diatoms and its ability to form π-bonds from parallel p-orbitals located over the nuclei of each atom. Nitrogen, carbon monoxide, oxygen, and fluorine all have the same inter-nuclei bonding: the difference in bond strength is due to the number of anti-bonding electrons and not to differences in the number of bonds.
Category: Quantum Physics
[363] viXra:1305.0069 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-11 16:31:27
Authors: Richard L. Amoroso, Salvatore Giandinoto
Comments: 21 Pages.
Class II mesoionic xanthines such as anhydro-(8-hydroxyalkyl-5-hydroxy-7-oxothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidinium hydroxides) are unique, small atomic weight, stable crystalline
organic compounds that can be represented as a combination of ten different resonance structures for
each simple xanthine molecule. Each resonance structure contributes a certain percentage to the total
resonance of the molecule. This unique resonance represents ten different quantum states of the
entire molecule and can thus be exploited as a potential substrate for a ten-qubit register. The number
of possible superposition states for such a register in a single molecule is potentially as high as states
or (in this case where n = 10) 1,024 complex numbers. In solution the least-unit of this mesoionic
crystalline structure is scalable suggesting putative utility for bulk NMR quantum computing. It will
be shown that these ten-qubit registers are amenable to standard Deutsch-Jozsa, Shor and Grover
algorithms. Additionally, we attempt to formalize I/O techniques for our Class II mesoionic
xanthines based on a coherent control RF process of cumulative resonant interaction where by
utilizing additional degrees of freedom pertinent to a relativistic basis for the qbit (r-qbit) new HD
commutation rules allow decoherence to be ontologically overcome.
Category: Quantum Physics
[362] viXra:1305.0059 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-09 17:44:12
Authors: Gary D. Simpson
Comments: 34 Pages.
Resting wave functions for the electron and the proton are presented. The proposed resting wave function of the proton is -6π^5 multiplied by the resting wave function of the electron. Therefore, the hypothesis presented in Part 1 is not rejected. An unexpected consequence of this work is the ability to calculate the size of the proton by using Equation 13.4. The resulting value for the diameter is 1.668 x 10-15 meter. This is within the accepted measured range of the proton diameter at 1.755(102) x 10-15 meter. Another unexpected consequence of this work is the ability to associate vacuum energy with the wave function of the electron by using Equation 22.1.
Category: Quantum Physics
[361] viXra:1305.0003 [pdf] submitted on 2013-05-01 04:53:20
Authors: A K Balamurugan
Comments: 4 Pages.
I like to have a discussion in Physics. I present a few hypotheses that I have in physics. I request the readers to review and comment upon them. The hypotheses start from cosmological concepts to concepts at particle scale.
Category: Quantum Physics
[360] viXra:1304.0168 [pdf] submitted on 2013-04-30 09:37:32
Authors: Richard L. Amoroso, L.H. Kauffman, S. Giandinoto
Comments: 10 Pages.
We postulate bulk universal quantum computing (QC) cannot be achieved without surmounting the quantum uncertainty principle, an
inherent barrier by empirical definition in the regime described by the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum theory - the last
remaining hurdle to bulk QC. To surmount uncertainty with probability 1, we redefine the basis for the qubit utilizing a unique form
of M-Theoretic Calabi-Yau mirror symmetry cast in an LSXD Dirac covariant polarized vacuum with an inherent ‘Feynman
synchronization backbone’. This also incorporates a relativistic qubit (r-qubit) providing additional degrees of freedom beyond the
traditional Block 2-sphere qubit bringing the r-qubit into correspondence with our version of Relativistic Topological Quantum Field
Theory (RTQFT). We present a 3rd generation prototype design for simplifying bulk QC implementation.
Category: Quantum Physics
[359] viXra:1304.0157 [pdf] submitted on 2013-04-27 23:56:02
Authors: Tim C Jenkins
Comments: 8 Pages.
It is found that that from a mathematical standpoint the probability density given by a solution of the Schrodinger wave equation is determined by an underlying random variable which has a Chi-Square distribution with one degree of freedom, and that the resulting mean probability density agrees with its deterministic value in quantum mechanics. As a result quantum probability and interference patterns in particular, would obey the normal laws of probability.
Category: Quantum Physics
[358] viXra:1304.0154 [pdf] submitted on 2013-04-27 10:47:49
Authors: Alan M. Kadin
Comments: 12 Pages. Submitted to Foundational Questions Inst. Essay Contest, April 14, 2013, http://fqxi.org/community/forum/topic/1601
A consistent theory of nature must account for both microscopic quantum waves and macroscopic relativistic particle trajectories. In the recent "New Quantum Paradigm", locally realistic rotating vector fields comprise fundamental particles with spin. These same coherent quantum rotators constitute local clocks that define local time, in a way that agrees with general relativity to first order, but provides surprising new insights (e.g., no black holes). This paradigm avoids conventional paradoxes of quantum indeterminacy and entanglement. All information on quantum systems follows directly from the dynamics of real fields in real space; no further information is obtained by reference to abstract quantum Hilbert space. This simple but unconventional picture provides a consistent unified foundation for all of modern physics.
Category: Quantum Physics
[357] viXra:1304.0122 [pdf] submitted on 2013-04-23 01:29:34
Authors: Manfred Buth
Comments: 32 Pages.
The content of the paper consists in proving the following statements: (a) A part of quantum field theory already can be treated in the frame of classical field theory. (b) The results of the canonical formalism and other approaches are partly faulty and partly dispensable. (c) Ideas are lacking of what a really existing elementary particle could be. (d) With statement (b) also second quantization is no longer valid. Hence instead of the attempts to quantize general relativity a gauge theory of gravitation should be developed. (e) Only such systems of particles that come out of an interaction process underlie quantum statistics. This can be understood, if scattering processes are interpreted as nonlocal events.
Category: Quantum Physics
[356] viXra:1304.0103 [pdf] submitted on 2013-04-21 05:45:12
Authors: Declan Traill
Comments: 161 Pages. Much of the content of this paper is source code listing from the models.
All of Electromagnetics can be explained in terms of a field of vectors called the Hertzian vector field. This paper shows the resulting images & source code from my two approaches to modelling an Electron using the equations that can be derived from this Hertzian Vector field. (1) a finite element 3D vector model (2) an analytical model.
Category: Quantum Physics
[355] viXra:1304.0081 [pdf] submitted on 2013-04-17 14:46:59
Authors: Sylwester Kornowski
Comments: 3 Pages.
In generally, the Pauli Exclusion Principle follows from the spectroscopy whereas its origin is not good understood. To understand fully this principle, most important is origin of quantization of the azimuthal quantum number i.e. the angular momentum quantum number. Here, on the base of the theory of ellipse and starting from very simple physical condition, I quantized the azimuthal quantum number.
Category: Quantum Physics
[354] viXra:1304.0043 [pdf] submitted on 2013-04-10 04:07:10
Authors: Sylwester Kornowski
Comments: 5 Pages.
Here within the lacking part of ultimate theory, i.e. the Everlasting Theory, I derived the fundamental equation of the Matrix Quantum Mechanics i.e. the commutator. It follows from the phase transitions of the fundamental spacetime that are based on the half-integral-spin constancy. The fundamental equation results from the entanglement that leads to the infinitesimal transformations. In reality, the Matrix Quantum Mechanics that describes excited states of fields, i.e. the quantum particles, is timeless and non-local i.e. non-deterministic. But the Matrix Quantum Mechanics leads to the time-dependent, so deterministic, wave functions that are characteristic for the Statistical Quantum Mechanics. It is the reason why the wave functions appear in the equations of motion. The Statistical Quantum Mechanics or the Quantum Theory of Fields, are the semiclassical/semi-quantum theories. The presented here extended Matrix Quantum Mechanics leads to the methods applied in the Quantum Theory of Fields and points the limitations.
Category: Quantum Physics
[353] viXra:1304.0026 [pdf] submitted on 2013-04-05 08:27:16
Authors: Leonardo Pedro
Comments: 4 Pages.
In a Majorana basis, the Dirac equation for a free spin one-half
particle is a 4x4 real matrix differential equation.
When including the effects of the electromagnetic interaction, the
Dirac equation is a complex equation due to the presence of
an imaginary connection in the covariant derivative, related with the
phase of the spinor.
In this paper we study the solutions of the Dirac equation
with the null and Coulomb potentials and notice that there is a real
matrix that squares to -1, relating the imaginary and real components
of these solutions. We show that these solutions can be obtained from the
solutions of two non-linear 4x4 real matrix differential equations
with a real matrix as the connection of the covariant derivative.
Category: Quantum Physics
[352] viXra:1304.0005 [pdf] submitted on 2013-04-01 21:12:48
Authors: Keith D. Foote
Comments: 4 Pages.
The solar cell wave guide takes advantage of a recent discovery called extraordinary optical transmission1. The solar cell wave guide is an undeveloped concept needing research and development. It is not (to the best of my knowledge)patented, and this paper makes the concept patent free. The solar cell wave guide
focuses on maximizing the absorption of quanta from the infrared spectrum. Three potential uses are: the use of firelight to charge smart phones, powering equipment on a planet like Venus, maximizing the heating of solar water heaters.
Mar 31, 2013
Category: Quantum Physics
[351] viXra:1303.0198 [pdf] submitted on 2013-03-26 14:31:34
Authors: Maciej Chojnowski
Comments: 20 Pages.
In this paper the multi - cohesion areas are analyzed, as well as their physical aspects. We will use the complex variable function f(z), that we will call the function of speed potential. It turned out that our description of micro world will be consistent with the results of Quantum Mechanics, and additionally it will provide a new description to some incomprehensible information. We define the mass by means of light only. Our new description of micro – world gives an answer to the question about the dark matter. Author believe that this new way will be step forward to create a new, needed theory.
Category: Quantum Physics
[350] viXra:1303.0156 [pdf] submitted on 2013-03-21 05:33:29
Authors: R.V. Klinkerman
Comments: 4 Pages.
In this paper we try to motivate the possibility of information transmission
by means of individual complex photons. The characteristic features of the
transfer, in particular, its large penetration and weak determination are
considered. Assumptions are made about the approaches to experimental
verification of the phenomenon
Key words: photon, angular momentum, projection of the momentum,
the wave function, information, quantum, spectrum.
Category: Quantum Physics
[349] viXra:1303.0138 [pdf] submitted on 2013-03-19 16:37:14
Authors: Keith D. Foote
Comments: 3 Pages.
This thesis describes the phenomenon of Extraordinary Optical Transmission using an electromagnetic field paradigm.
Category: Quantum Physics
[348] viXra:1303.0118 [pdf] submitted on 2013-03-15 19:01:05
Authors: Edigles Guedes
Comments: 7 pages, Portuguese.
When we conduct a thought experiment, in which the observer moves and can see the model for Schroedinger wave equation of atom with one electron, we create a wave function and calculate its wave eigenfunction acceptable, in spherical coordinates.
Category: Quantum Physics
[347] viXra:1303.0039 [pdf] submitted on 2013-03-06 14:28:51
Authors: Peter Cameron
Comments: 5 Pages.
The measurement problem, the mechanism of quantum state reduction, has remained an open question for nearly a century. The 'quantum weirdness' of the problem was highlighted by the introduction of the EPR paradox in 1935. Motivated by Bell's Theorem, nonlocality was first experimentally observed in 1972 by Clauser and Freedman in the entangled states of an EPR experiment, and is now an accepted fact. Special relativity requires that no energy is transferred in the nonlocal collapse of these entangled two-body wavefunctions, that no work is done, no information communicated. In the family of quantum impedances those which are scale invariant, the Lorentz and centrifugal impedances, satisfy this requirement. This letter explores their role in the collapse of the wave function
Category: Quantum Physics
[346] viXra:1303.0034 [pdf] submitted on 2013-03-06 12:10:20
Authors: Keith D. Foote
Comments: 8 Pages.
This thesis proposes neutrons have been accidentally labeled as fundamental particles and provides arguments supporting the position neutrons are protons with an electron in an inner orbit and are neither permanent, nor fundamental.
Category: Quantum Physics
[345] viXra:1302.0149 [pdf] submitted on 2013-02-22 07:40:19
Authors: J.A.J. van Leunen
Comments: 5 Pages.
Early in the twentieth century a suitable foundation of quantum physics was found in traditional quantum logic. This idea exploits the lattice isomorphism between the set of propositions of a quantum logic system and the set of closed subspaces of an infinite dimensional separable Hilbert space. Later Constantin Piron restricted the choice for the number systems that can be used for specifying the inner product of the Hilbert space to members of a division ring. A slight refinement of the quantum logic system extends the lattice isomorphism to a topological isomorphism. This new logic system will be called Hilbert logic and it has a striking resemblance with a separable Hilbert space. The paper also provides insight in how fields can be interpreted.
Category: Quantum Physics
[344] viXra:1302.0147 [pdf] submitted on 2013-02-21 22:25:27
Authors: Jeff Yee
Comments: 20 Pages.
The mass of leptons in the Standard Model has a strange sequence, increasing by orders of magnitude from ~2.2 eV for the lightest electron neutrino to 1.777 GeV for the sixth and largest lepton in the model, the tau electron.
This paper details an equation that identifies the sequence and calculation for the mass of the six leptons in the Standard Model. Surprisingly, when identifying the sequence, the magic numbers that were found in the Periodic Table of Elements for the atomic structure are also apparent in the sequence for leptons. As a result, a new table structure for lepton categorization in the Standard Model is proposed in this paper.
Category: Quantum Physics
[343] viXra:1302.0125 [pdf] submitted on 2013-02-18 16:12:17
Authors: J.A.J. van Leunen
Comments: 57 Pages. This is the first part of a slide presentation
This is the first part of a slide presentation on the hierarchy of objects in the Hilbert Book Model. The HBM is strictly based on quantum logic. It uses a sequence of these logic systems in order to create a dynamic model. In order to establish coherence between the members of the sequence a correlation vehicle is used that maps the atomic propositions onto the base vectors of a Hilbert space. This leads to unprecedented insight in the undercrofts of physics.
Category: Quantum Physics
[342] viXra:1302.0122 [pdf] submitted on 2013-02-18 13:32:26
Authors: J.A.J. van Leunen
Comments: 11 Pages. This is the third part of a slide presentation
This is part three of a slide presentation.
it treats logic systems that relate to the fundaments of physics. Classical logic is well known. Traditional quantum logic has a weaker structure and is often assigned as the base of quantum physics. Hilbert logic restricts quantum logic, such that it fits better with Hilbert spaces.
Category: Quantum Physics
[341] viXra:1302.0121 [pdf] submitted on 2013-02-18 13:49:03
Authors: J.A.J. van Leunen
Comments: 41 Pages. This is the second part of a slide presentation
This is the second part of a slide presentation on the hierarchy of objects in the Hilbert Book Model. The HBM is strictly based on quantum logic. It uses a sequence of these logic systems in order to create a dynamic model. In order to establish coherence between the members of the sequence a correlation vehicle is used that maps the atomic propositions onto the base vectors of a Hilbert space. This leads to unprecedented insight in the undercrofts of physics.
Category: Quantum Physics
[340] viXra:1302.0116 [pdf] submitted on 2013-02-17 09:05:56
Authors: Keith D. Foote
Comments: 10 Pages.
This thesis describes plasmonics using the Ultra-Space Field Theory. It describes plasmonics as part of a material’s electromagnetic field.
Category: Quantum Physics
[339] viXra:1302.0091 [pdf] submitted on 2013-02-14 00:43:00
Authors: Armando V.D.B. Assis
Comments: 31 Pages.
@@This paper is intended to show the Schrodinger equation, within its structure, allows the manifestation of the wave function collapse within a very natural way of reasoning. In fact, as we will see, nothing new must be inserted to the classical quantum mechanics, viz., only the dialectics of the physical world must be interpreted under a correct manner. We know the nature of a physical system turns out to be quantical or classical, and, once under the validity of the Schrodinger equation to provide the evolution of this physical system, the dialectics, quantum or classical, mutually exclusive, must also be under context through the Schrodinger equation, issues within the main scope of this paper. We will show a classical measure, the obtention of a classical result, emerges from the structure of the Schrodinger equation, once one demands the possibility that, over a chronological domain, the system begins to provide a classical dialectic, showing the collapse may be understood from both: the structure of the Schrodinger equation as well as from the general solution to this equation. The general solution, even with a dialectical change of description, leads to the conservation of probability, obeying the Schrodinger equation. These issues will turn out to be a consequence of a general potential energy operator, obtained in this paper, including the possibility of the classical description of the physical system, including the possibility of interpretation of the collapse of the quantum mechanical state vector within the Schrodinger equation scope.
Category: Quantum Physics
[338] viXra:1302.0074 [pdf] submitted on 2013-02-12 11:08:33
Authors: Andrew Nassif
Comments: 7 Pages. small presentation
The Quantum model is the location of where an electron is most probably located. This idea provides a conception that an electron moves within the wavelengths of the area that it is located. Schrodinger's equation represented the different possibilities of where an electron is located through variations of wavelengths. However, it was Heisenberg that made the discovery of the Quantum mechanical model using his principle/
Category: Quantum Physics
[337] viXra:1302.0054 [pdf] submitted on 2013-02-09 12:49:36
Authors: Gary Simpson
Comments: 5 Pages.
A geometric argument is presented that the true ratio of the mass of the proton to the mass of the electron is 6*pi^5. The deviation of the published value of this ratio from the geometric based value is interpreted as evidence of relative motion through a scalar field.
Category: Quantum Physics
[336] viXra:1302.0037 [pdf] submitted on 2013-02-06 23:12:17
Authors: Jonathan Tooker
Comments: 5 Pages. 5 color figures
The logical structure of the standard model is isomorphic to the geometric structure of the
modified cosmological model (MCM). We introduce a new particle representation scheme and show that it
is invariant under CPT. In this representation spin arises as an ordinary physical process. The final
character of the Higgs boson is predicted. Wavefunction collapse, the symmetry (anti-symmetry) of
the wavefunction and some recent experimental results are discussed.
Category: Quantum Physics
[335] viXra:1302.0008 [pdf] submitted on 2013-02-01 20:55:08
Authors: B. C. Chanyal, P. S. Bisht, Tianjin Li, O. P. S. Negi
Comments: 13 Pages.
Starting with the Dirac-Maxwell’s equations in presence of electric and magnetic sources in an isotropic medium of dyons, we have derived the generalized octonion Maxwell’s equations in isotropic medium. And the octonion formulation of generalized electromagnetic fields in chiral medium has also been developed in compect, simple and consistent manner.
Category: Quantum Physics
[334] viXra:1301.0193 [pdf] submitted on 2013-01-31 04:10:38
Authors: Russell Bagdoo
Comments: 10 Pages. French version of « THE ENERGY IN VIRTUE OF THE PRINCIPLE OF COMPENSATION » on viXra
La théorie de la Relation est basée sur l’existence de deux structures qui vont en directions opposées et sur une transformation réelle, tout au long du temps cosmologique, de l’énergie négative de la structure de l’expansion en énergie positive de la structure de la condensation. L’énergie-masse négative, inversée en vertu du principe de Compensation, donne une énergie-masse positive. La théorie explore la situation du « vide » quantique qui contient une énergie minimale à la surface d’un océan d’énergie négative, ce qui alimente la matière ordinaire positive au-dessus. En vertu du principe de Compensation, les fluctuations d’énergie du vide se matérialisent spontanément non seulement en nombreux couples virtuels mais aussi réels. Il y aurait, superposé au vide, un champ « gravicoloré » qui fournirait la densité d’énergie gravitationnelle nécessaire pour séparer les couples virtuels de particules et les matérialiser. Deux sortes de masse et énergie seraient ainsi reliées. Le processus de cette conversion tout au long de l’expansion implique une flèche de temps irréversible.
Category: Quantum Physics
[333] viXra:1301.0180 [pdf] submitted on 2013-01-29 15:41:11
Authors: Russell Bagdoo
Comments: 10 Pages.
The theory of Relation is based on the existence of two structures going in opposite directions and, throughout the cosmological time, on a real conversion of the negative energy of the structure of expansion into the positive energy of the structure of condensation. The negative energy-mass, inversed in virtue of the principle of Compensation, gives the positive energy-mass. The theory explores the situation of the quantum vacuum which contains a minimum energy at the surface of an ocean of negative energy, fueling the ordinary positive matter above. Under the principle of Compensation, the energy fluctuations of the vacuum are spontaneously materialized not only in numerous short-lived virtual particles but also in real particles. There would be a "gravicolored" field, superimposed on the vacuum, which would provide the necessary density of gravitational energy to materialize the virtual state. Two sorts of mass and energy are so connected. The process of this transformation throughout the expansion involves an irreversible arrow of time.
Category: Quantum Physics
[332] viXra:1301.0178 [pdf] submitted on 2013-01-29 09:42:30
Authors: Andrew Nassif
Comments: 5 Pages.
The Stanford Encyclopedia of philosophy recognizes Quantum Field Theory as mathematical and conceptual framework that implements elementary particles in particle physics. This also acquired the theory as a sub subject of both Quantum Physics and Particle Physics. Stanford University uses those facts to explain QFT as a widely discussed subject in the field of science and mathematics itself. In comparison to other theories on the composition of out universe and matter itself, there is no conical definition for QFT. This has been quoted on the first paragraph of section one of the Stanford Encyclopedia. So far, there is a different way to access QFT in its relation with special general relativity theory and general relativity theory as well as its relation to statistical and solid physics. Though, we may not know the complete composition of the universe we know that everything living in this planet has a cellular structure and that we are all made of dry matter as well as composed of atoms. However, the theory that those atoms combine as strands and strings in order to compose us related more on the topic of Super String Theory.
Category: Quantum Physics
[331] viXra:1301.0161 [pdf] submitted on 2013-01-26 14:01:17
Authors: Steven Kenneth Kauffmann
Comments: 6 Pages.
The quantum mechanics status of the probability vector current density has long seemed to be marginal. On one hand no systematic prescription for its construction is provided, and the special examples of it that are obtained for particular types of Hamiltonian operator could conceivably be attributed to happenstance. On the other hand this concept's key physical interpretation as local average particle flux, which flows from the equation of continuity that it is supposed to satisfy in conjunction with the probability scalar density, has been claimed to breach the uncertainty principle. Given the dispiriting impact of that claim, we straightaway point out that the subtle directional nature of the uncertainty principle makes it consistent with the measurement of local average particle flux. We next focus on the fact that the unique closed-form linear-superposition quantization of any classical Hamiltonian function yields in tandem the corresponding unique linear-superposition closed-form divergence of the probability vector current density. Because the
probability vector current density is linked to the quantum physics only through the occurrence of its divergence in the equation of continuity, it is theoretically most appropriate to construct this vector field exclusively from its divergence -- analysis of the best-known "textbook" special example of a probability vector current density shows that it is thus constructed.
Category: Quantum Physics
[330] viXra:1301.0159 [pdf] submitted on 2013-01-26 12:22:35
Authors: David E. Rutherford
Comments: 6 Pages.
We derive the equations of relativistic quantum mechanics from a modified version of classical electrodynamics, where probability is replaced by potential. As a result, a particle is not a localized entity, in the classical sense, but has a localized energy extremum. The particle/wave aspect of matter is inherent in the particle/wave equation describing elementary particles. Furthermore, the Heisenberg uncertainty and Planck-Einstein-de Broglie relations, and the Klein-Gordon, Dirac and Proca equations follow naturally from the particle/wave equation. In addition, we incorporate a new and more physical interpretation of spin angular momentum.
Category: Quantum Physics
[329] viXra:1301.0157 [pdf] submitted on 2013-01-26 04:29:00
Authors: Philip Maulion
Comments: 3 Pages.
In 'A World in 'Presence' II', I propose to strengthen the validity of the title of the article that I have submitted on 11/26/2012, 'A World in 'Presence''(viXra 1211.0149v1)
Category: Quantum Physics
[328] viXra:1301.0146 [pdf] submitted on 2013-01-23 18:36:44
Authors: Friedwardt Winterberg
Comments: 8 Pages.
As Newton's mysterious action at a distance law of gravity was explained as a Riemannian geometry by Einstein, it is proposed that the likewise mysterious non-local quantum mechanics is explained by the analytic continuation below the Planck length into a complex Teichmuller space. Newton's theory worked extremely well, as does quantum mechanics, but no satisfactory explanation has been given for quantum mechanics. In one space dimension, sufficient to explain the EPR paradox, the Teichmuller space is reduced to a space of complex Riemann surfaces. Einstein's curved space-time theory of gravity was confirmed by a tiny departure from Newton's theory in the motion of the planet Mercury, and an experiment is proposed to demonstrate the possible existence of a Teichmuller space below the Planck length.
Category: Quantum Physics
[327] viXra:1301.0144 [pdf] submitted on 2013-01-23 23:20:48
Authors: V.A.I.Menon
Comments: 13 Pages.
The author after introducing the concept of the vean (vacuum energy absorption) process shows that it not only crystallizes the progressive nature of time but also causes gravitation and the red shift of light emitted by far off galaxies [1]. He now shows that the principle of equivalence on which the general theory of relativity is based can be understood in terms of the thermodynamics of the primary gas. The curvature of the space-time is seen to emerge from the anisotropy of the vacuum fluctuations background in the neighborhood of a massive body arising from the vean process. According to him unlike the currently accepted interpretation of general relativity, the gravitational field based on the vean process does not exhibit non-linearity.
Category: Quantum Physics
[326] viXra:1301.0125 [pdf] submitted on 2013-01-20 23:42:02
Authors: V.A.I.Menon
Comments: 14 Pages.
The author after clarifying the concepts of the imaginary time, reversible time and the progressive time based on the vean (vacuum energy absorption) process now shows that the same process will also result in a gradient in the energy of the vacuum near a massive body resulting in a force field which could be identified with the gravitational field. According to the author, the accumulation of the mass by a particle by the vean process would be so small that an electron’s rest mass would have increased by only 10% over a period of 1 billion years. It is shown that part of the red shift observed in distant galaxies could be attributed to the reduced mass of electrons in the distant past.
Category: Quantum Physics
[325] viXra:1301.0111 [pdf] submitted on 2013-01-18 11:44:25
Authors: V.A.I.Menon
Comments: 11 Pages.
The author after clarifying the physical implications of the imaginary time approach and the reversible real time approach goes on to explain how they differ from the progressive time which is experienced by all macroscopic systems. He proposes that the progressive nature of time is a direct result of the increase in the entropy at the sub-quantum level. According to him just as the interactions with the vacuum fluctuations create the confined helical wave (CH wave) which is the basic structure of a particle, a small part of the energy gets converted into its jiggling motion. It is proposed that this random motion arising from the absorption of the vacuum energy contributes to infinitesimal increase in the rest mass which results in the increase in entropy right at the level of the elementary particle. He calls the process by which the particles absorb energy from vacuum “the vean process”. He proposes that this increase in entropy at the level of the structure of the elementary particles results in time acquiring its progressive nature. With this interpretation of the progressive nature of time, the problem of the collapse of wave function gets resolved without invoking the presence of a conscious observer. Even the process of entanglement appears to have space-time limitations. He suggests that the existence of gravitational field and expansion of the universe may be direct outcome of the proposed vean process.
Category: Quantum Physics
[324] viXra:1301.0108 [pdf] submitted on 2013-01-18 02:45:32
Authors: V. Skorobogatov
Comments: 9 Pages.
It is given the description of some basic notions of the quantum mechanics in the frame of the model of 4D medium ("4D ether"): the uncertainty relation of Heisenberg, the spectrum of the energy for the hydrogen atom, the wave function, the de Broyle wave and some others.
Category: Quantum Physics
[323] viXra:1301.0103 [pdf] submitted on 2013-01-17 06:05:08
Authors: V.A.I.Menon
Comments: 10 Pages.
The author shows that that for each quantum mechanical property of a micro-system there is a corresponding thermodynamic one in the primary eigen gas approach. He further shows that the basic postulates of quantum mechanics have equivalents in the primary eigen gas approach provided time is accorded directional symmetry. The interference pattern obtained in Young’s double slit experiment is explained in terms of the primary eigen gas approach using the directional symmetry of time
Category: Quantum Physics
[322] viXra:1301.0093 [pdf] submitted on 2013-01-16 00:35:23
Authors: V.A.I.Menon
Comments: 18 Pages.
The author discusses the similarity between the expression for the state function of the primary eigen gas representing a particle and that of the wave function. It is observed that the only difference between these two expressions is that in the former time appears as a real function while in the latter it appears as an imaginary function. He shows that the primary eigen gas approach which treats time as real and the quantum mechanical approach which treats time as imaginary are two ways of representing the same reality and points to a new symmetry called the Wick symmetry. He shows that the probability postulate of quantum mechanics can be understood in a very simple and natural manner based on the primary eigen gas representation of the particle. It is shown that the zero point energy of the quantum mechanics is nothing but the energy of the thermal bath formed by the vacuum fluctuations. The author shows that the quantum mechanics is nothing but the thermodynamics of the primary eigen gas where time has not lost its directional symmetry.
Category: Quantum Physics
[321] viXra:1301.0089 [pdf] submitted on 2013-01-15 10:51:24
Authors: V.A.I.Menon
Comments: 21 Pages.
The author introduces the concept of the primary eigen gas which is an abstract gas where the microstates are occupied successively in time unlike in the case of a real gas where the microstates are occupied simultaneously. He shows that the energy-momentum eigen state of a particle represented by a plane wave can be treated as a primary eigen gas which makes it possible to understand the dynamics of a particle in terms of the thermodynamics of such a gas. In this approach, time and space turn out to be the intrinsic properties of the primary eigen gas representing a particle and the quantum nature of time and space emerges from it in a natural manner. It is shown that the action (with a negative sign) of a particle can be identified with the entropy of the primary eigen gas and the principle of least action is nothing but the second law of thermodynamics. Besides, it is shown that the uncertainty relations of quantum mechanics can be derived directly from the equation for the fluctuations.
Category: Quantum Physics
[320] viXra:1301.0044 [pdf] submitted on 2013-01-08 13:14:05
Authors: A.Garcés Doz
Comments: 4 Pages.
In this paper, we present several equations that generate the ratio of the sum of the roots of the masses of the quarks with respect to the electron, likewise the ratio of the sum of the masses of the quarks in relation to the mass of the electron. Both equations depend exclusively, and in a very simple and logical way from quantum dimensionless length derived from the fine structure constant to zero momentum; lengths in seven dimensions, the number of quarks and the three charges of color group SU(3).
Category: Quantum Physics
[319] viXra:1301.0015 [pdf] submitted on 2013-01-03 14:27:44
Authors: A. Garcés Doz
Comments: 3 Pages.
In this paper we present a very simple formulas that generate the quark masses as a very direct functions sine and cosine of the Cabibbo angle.
The accuracy of the results are very big in relation to the latest experimental values.
Category: Quantum Physics
[185] viXra:1306.0097 [pdf] replaced on 2013-06-15 04:38:20
Authors: Armin Nikkhah Shirazi
Comments: Pages.
The predictions of Bell's inequalities, and their subsequent experimental verification in the form of correlations between spacelike separated events have led to the prevailing current view that `nature is non-local'. Here we examine the possibility that our current concept of locality may at present not be sufficiently differentiated, and that by using 'nature' synonymously with `spacetime' we may have missed an implication of special relativity which by rendering a more complete conception of locality permits such quantum correlations without either hidden variables or violations of locality.
Category: Quantum Physics
[184] viXra:1305.0007 [pdf] replaced on 2013-05-03 05:50:00
Authors: Johan Noldus
Comments: 7 Pages.
We construct a Dirac theory on causal sets; a key element in the construction being that the causet must be regarded as emergent in an appropriate sense too. We further notice that mixed norm spaces are a key element in the construction allowing for negative norm particles and ``ghosts''.
Category: Quantum Physics
[183] viXra:1304.0103 [pdf] replaced on 2013-04-22 02:59:24
Authors: Declan Traill
Comments: 160 Pages. Much of the content of this paper is source code listing from the models.
All of Electromagnetics can be explained in terms of a field of vectors called the Hertzian vector field. This paper shows the resulting images & source code from my two approaches to modelling an Electron using the equations that can be derived from this Hertzian Vector field. (1) a finite element 3D vector model (2) an analytical model.
Category: Quantum Physics
[182] viXra:1304.0081 [pdf] replaced on 2013-05-11 13:56:01
Authors: Sylwester Kornowski
Comments: 4 Pages.
In generally, the Pauli Exclusion Principle follows from the spectroscopy whereas its origin is not good understood. To understand fully this principle, most important is origin of quantization of the azimuthal quantum number i.e. the angular momentum quantum number. Here, on the base of the theory of ellipse and starting from very simple physical condition, I quantized the azimuthal quantum number. The presented model leads directly to the eigenvalue of the square of angular momentum and to the additional potential energy that appears in the equation for the modified wave function.
Category: Quantum Physics
[181] viXra:1304.0081 [pdf] replaced on 2013-05-08 06:43:08
Authors: Sylwester Kornowski
Comments: 4 Pages.
In generally, the Pauli Exclusion Principle follows from the spectroscopy whereas its origin is not good understood. To understand fully this principle, most important is origin of quantization of the azimuthal quantum number i.e. the angular momentum quantum number. Here, on the base of the theory of ellipse and starting from very simple physical condition, I quantized the azimuthal quantum number. The presented model leads directly to the eigenvalue of the square of angular momentum and to the additional potential energy that appears in the equation for the modified wave function.
Category: Quantum Physics
[180] viXra:1304.0005 [pdf] replaced on 2013-04-05 07:29:33
Authors: Keith D. Foote
Comments: 4 Pages.
The solar cell wave guide takes advantage of a recent discovery called extraordinary optical transmission1. The solar cell wave guide is an undeveloped concept needing research and development. It is not (to the best of my knowledge)patented, and this paper makes the concept patent free. The solar cell wave guide focuses on maximizing the absorption of quanta from the infrared spectrum. Three potential uses are: the use of firelight to charge smart phones, powering equipment on a planet like Venus, maximizing the heating of solar water heaters. April 5, 2013
Category: Quantum Physics
[179] viXra:1303.0198 [pdf] replaced on 2013-04-27 06:35:06
Authors: Maciej Chojnowski
Comments: 21 Pages.
In this paper the multi - cohesion areas are analyzed, as well as their physical aspects. We
will use the complex variable function f(z), that we will call the function of speed potential.It turned
out that our description of micro world will be consistent with the results of Quantum Mechanics,
and additionally it will provide a new description to some incomprehensible information. We define
the mass by means of light only. Our new description of micro – world gives an answer to the
question about the dark matter. Author believe that this new way will be step forward to create a
new, needed theory.
Category: Quantum Physics
[178] viXra:1303.0174 [pdf] replaced on 2013-05-30 11:38:26
Authors: Kamal L Rajpal
Comments: 7 pages, 9 figures.
No light passes through two crossed polarizers. However, if a third polarizer is inserted, at let’s say 45 degrees, in between the two crossed polarizers then, light does go through the three polarizers in series. This behavior can be explained with the help of a mathematical analysis. This article explains it using a simple graphical approach. The EPR paradox has also been made clear in a graphical manner.
Category: Quantum Physics
[177] viXra:1303.0174 [pdf] replaced on 2013-05-25 12:52:12
Authors: Kamal L Rajpal
Comments: 7 pages, 9 figures.
No light passes through two crossed polarizers. However, if a third polarizer is inserted, at let’s say 45 degrees, in between the two crossed polarizers then, light does go through the three polarizers in series. This behavior can be explained with the help of a mathematical analysis. This article explains it using a simple graphical approach. The EPR paradox has also been made clear in a graphical manner.
Category: Quantum Physics
[176] viXra:1303.0039 [pdf] replaced on 2013-05-11 14:40:00
Authors: Peter Cameron
Comments: 5 Pages. added a reference to a note on the black hole information paradox
The measurement problem, the mechanism of quantum state reduction, has remained an open question for nearly a century. The 'quantum weirdness' of the problem was highlighted by the introduction of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox in 1935. Motivated by Bell's Theorem, nonlocality was first experimentally observed in 1972 by Clauser and Freedman in the entangled states of an EPR experiment, and is now an accepted fact. Special relativity requires that no energy is transferred in the nonlocal collapse of these entangled two-body wavefunctions, that no work is done, no information communicated. In the family of quantum impedances those which are scale invariant, the Lorentz and centrifugal impedances, satisfy this requirement. This letter explores their role in the collapse of the wave function
Category: Quantum Physics
[175] viXra:1303.0039 [pdf] replaced on 2013-04-26 11:12:11
Authors: Peter Cameron
Comments: 5 Pages. corrected photon energy in figure 2
The measurement problem, the mechanism of quantum state reduction, has remained an open question for nearly a century. The 'quantum weirdness' of the problem was highlighted by the introduction of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox in 1935. Motivated by Bell's Theorem, nonlocality was first experimentally observed in 1972 by Clauser and Freedman in the entangled states of an EPR experiment, and is now an accepted fact. Special relativity requires that no energy is transferred in the nonlocal collapse of these entangled two-body wavefunctions, that no work is done, no information communicated. In the family of quantum impedances those which are scale invariant, the Lorentz and centrifugal impedances, satisfy this requirement. This letter explores their role in the collapse of the wave function.
Category: Quantum Physics
[174] viXra:1303.0039 [pdf] replaced on 2013-04-20 09:26:34
Authors: Peter Cameron
Comments: 5 Pages. cleaned up figure 2 a little
The measurement problem, the mechanism of quantum state reduction, has remained an open question for nearly a century. The 'quantum weirdness' of the problem was highlighted by the introduction of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox in 1935. Motivated by Bell's Theorem, nonlocality was first experimentally observed in 1972 by Clauser and Freedman in the entangled states of an EPR experiment, and is now an accepted fact. Special relativity requires that no energy is transferred in the nonlocal collapse of these entangled two-body wavefunctions, that no work is done, no information communicated. In the family of quantum impedances those which are scale invariant, the Lorentz and centrifugal impedances, satisfy this requirement. This letter explores their role in the collapse of the wave function.
Category: Quantum Physics
[173] viXra:1303.0039 [pdf] replaced on 2013-03-07 10:23:25
Authors: Peter Cameron
Comments: 5 Pages.
The measurement problem, the mechanism of quantum state reduction, has remained an open question for nearly a century. The 'quantum weirdness' of the problem was highlighted by the introduction of the EPR paradox in 1935. Motivated by Bell's Theorem, nonlocality was first experimentally observed in 1972 by Clauser and Freedman in the entangled states of an EPR experiment, and is now an accepted fact. Special relativity requires that no energy is transferred in the nonlocal collapse of these entangled two-body wavefunctions, that no work is done, no information communicated. In the family of quantum impedances those which are scale invariant, the Lorentz and centrifugal impedances, satisfy this requirement. This letter explores their role in the collapse of the wave function
Category: Quantum Physics
[172] viXra:1303.0034 [pdf] replaced on 2013-03-31 08:26:29
Authors: Keith D. Foote
Comments: 8 Pages.
This thesis proposes neutrons have been accidentally labeled as fundamental particles and provides arguments supporting the position neutrons are protons with an electron in an inner orbit and are neither permanent, nor fundamental.
Category: Quantum Physics
[171] viXra:1302.0149 [pdf] replaced on 2013-03-04 16:20:04
Authors: J.A.J. van Leunen
Comments: 6 Pages.
Early in the twentieth century a suitable foundation of quantum physics was found in traditional quantum logic. This idea exploits the lattice isomorphism between the set of propositions of a quantum logic system and the set of closed subspaces of an infinite dimensional separable Hilbert space. Later Constantin Piron restricted the choice for the number systems that can be used for specifying the inner product of the Hilbert space to members of a division ring. A slight refinement of the quantum logic system extends the lattice isomorphism to a topological isomorphism. This new logic system will be called Hilbert logic and it has a striking resemblance with a separable Hilbert space. The paper also provides insight in how fields can be interpreted.
Category: Quantum Physics
[170] viXra:1302.0126 [pdf] replaced on 2013-04-13 07:29:26
Authors: Kunwar Jagdish Narain
Comments: 30 Pages.
Two great faults have been pointed out in the very basic concepts of Quantum wave theory: 1. Matter particles possess spin motion (for electrons, it has been experimentally verified) and hence possess spin energy but its no account is found anywhere, e.g., in E, defined as the total energy of particle in the Schrodinger wave equation. 2. In quantum wave theory, photons are considered as discrete quanta of radiation energy given by hν, and assumed that they include in their very concept the wave nature also of radiation, and the energy hν involves frequency ν of radiation. But the above assumption gives rise to the following three very serious questions: i. Electrons possess charge, then how and from where are quanta of radiation energy emitted from them? ii. According to the current concept, energy Ef - Ei [where Ef = K.E. (kinetic energy) + P.E. (potential energy) of the orbiting electron when that is excited, and Ei = K.E. + P.E. of that electron after emission of a photon from that] is emitted as a photon of radiation energy hν, how can energy Ef - Ei be emitted in the form of radiation energy, and that too in the form of a bundle? iii. Electrons possess spin motion and packet wave nature (packet wave nature has been speculated) but their no account is found in the emitted photons, instead it is assumed that they possess electromagnetic wave nature, how? Further, to quanta, the moving mass hν/c2 and momentum hν/c are assigned in accordance with the mass energy equivalence relation, but these give rise to numerous very serious fundamental questions which can neither be contradicted nor can be overlooked. So firstly, proving that: 1. The phenomenon, transmittance T = finite for particles possessing energy E < V0 (where V0 is energy of the potential barrier); and 2. Decrease in the rate of increase in the relativistic velocity of the accelerated electrons with their kinetic energy; take place due to spin energy and spin momentum of the particles, it has been concluded that no inclusion of the account of spin energy of the particles is a great fault. And secondly, detecting the fault in the concept “photons are considered as discrete quanta of radiation energy given by hν …”, due to which all the above mentioned questions arise, it (concept) has been modified. The modified concept enables to give very clear and complete explanation to all the phenomena, including those which were so far unexplained or unnoticed.
Category: Quantum Physics
[169] viXra:1302.0091 [pdf] replaced on 2013-02-26 18:38:50
Authors: Armando V.D.B. Assis
Comments: 33 pages. English. This v3 is to be the final version.
This paper is intended to show the Schrodinger equation, within its structure, allows the manifestation of the wave function collapse within a very natural way of reasoning. In fact, as we will see, nothing new must be inserted to the classical quantum mechanics, viz., only the dialectics of the physical world must be interpreted under a correct manner. We know the nature of a physical system turns out to be quantical or classical, and, once under the validity of the Schrodinger equation to provide the evolution of this physical system, the dialectics, quantum or classical, mutually exclusive, must also be under context through the Schrodinger equation, issues within the main scope of this paper. We will show a classical measure, the obtention of a classical result, emerges from the structure of the Schrodinger equation, once one demands the possibility that, over a chronological domain, the system begins to provide a classical dialectic, showing the collapse may be understood from both: the structure of the Schrodinger equation as well as from the general solution to this equation. The general solution, even with a dialectical change of description, leads to the conservation of probability, obeying the Schrodinger equation. These issues will turn out to be a consequence of a general potential energy operator, obtained in this paper, including the possibility of the classical description of the physical system, including the possibility of interpretation of the collapse of the quantum mechanical state vector within the Schrodinger equation scope.
Category: Quantum Physics
[168] viXra:1302.0091 [pdf] replaced on 2013-02-15 13:56:02
Authors: Armando V.D.B. Assis
Comments: 31 pages. English. V2: Several misprints fixed.
This paper is intended to show the Schrodinger equation, within its structure, allows the manifestation of the wave function collapse within a very natural way of reasoning. In fact, as we will see, nothing new must be inserted to the classical quantum mechanics, viz., only the dialectics of the physical world must be interpreted under a correct manner. We know the nature of a physical system turns out to be quantical or classical, and, once under the validity of the Schrodinger equation to provide the evolution of this physical system, the dialectics, quantum or classical, mutually exclusive, must also be under context through the Schrodinger equation, issues within the main scope of this paper. We will show a classical measure, the obtention of a classical result, emerges from the structure of the Schrodinger equation, once one demands the possibility that, over a chronological domain, the system begins to provide a classical dialectic, showing the collapse may be understood from both: the structure of the Schrodinger equation as well as from the general solution to this equation. The general solution, even with a dialectical change of description, leads to the conservation of probability, obeying the Schrodinger equation. These issues will turn out to be a consequence of a general potential energy operator, obtained in this paper, including the possibility of the classical description of the physical system, including the possibility of interpretation of the collapse of the quantum mechanical state vector within the Schrodinger equation scope.
Category: Quantum Physics
[167] viXra:1302.0054 [pdf] replaced on 2013-03-30 16:13:48
Authors: Gary D. Simpson
Comments: 8 Pages.
A geometric argument is presented that the true ratio between the rest mass of the proton and the rest mass of the electron is 6π^5. The deviation of the measured value for this ratio from 6π^5 is interpreted to be a relativistic mass correction due to movement through the aether. This aether is a scalar field and consists of electrons in a true rest frame. Based upon the Lorentz Transformation, the velocity of the Earth associated with this motion through the aether is 0.006136 c.
Category: Quantum Physics
[166] viXra:1302.0037 [pdf] replaced on 2013-05-24 22:53:53
Authors: Jonathan Tooker
Comments: 5 Pages. 5 color figures, corrected typos, minor edits
The logical structure of the standard model is isomorphic to the geometric structure of the modified cosmological model (MCM). We introduce a new particle representation scheme and show that it is invariant under CPT. In this representation spin arises as an ordinary physical process. The final character of the Higgs boson is predicted. Wavefunction collapse, the symmetry (anti-symmetry) of the wavefunction and some recent experimental results are discussed.
Category: Quantum Physics
[165] viXra:1302.0037 [pdf] replaced on 2013-02-16 02:53:13
Authors: Jonathan Tooker
Comments: 5 Pages. 5 color figures, corrected typos
The logical structure of the standard model is isomorphic to the geometric structure of the modified cosmological model (MCM). We introduce a new particle representation scheme and show that it is invariant under CPT. In this representation spin arises as an ordinary physical process. The final character of the Higgs boson is predicted. Wavefunction collapse, the symmetry (anti-symmetry) of the wavefunction and some recent experimental results are discussed.
Category: Quantum Physics
[164] viXra:1302.0037 [pdf] replaced on 2013-02-07 16:06:41
Authors: Jonathan Tooker
Comments: 5 Pages. 5 color figures, corrected typos
The logical structure of the standard model is isomorphic to the geometric structure of the
modified cosmological model (MCM). We introduce a new particle representation scheme and show that it
is invariant under CPT. In this representation spin arises as an ordinary physical process. The final
character of the Higgs boson is predicted. Wavefunction collapse, the symmetry (anti-symmetry) of
the wavefunction and some recent experimental results are discussed.
Category: Quantum Physics
[163] viXra:1301.0161 [pdf] replaced on 2013-02-02 12:04:41
Authors: Steven Kenneth Kauffmann
Comments: 9 Pages.
The quantum mechanics status of the probability vector current density has long seemed to be marginal. On one hand no systematic prescription for its construction is provided, and the special examples of it that are obtained for particular types of Hamiltonian operator could conceivably be attributed to happenstance. On the other hand this concept's key physical interpretation as local average particle flux, which flows from the equation of continuity that it is supposed to satisfy in conjunction with the probability scalar density, has been claimed to breach the uncertainty principle. Given the dispiriting impact of that claim, we straightaway point out that the subtle directional nature of the uncertainty principle makes it consistent with the measurement of local average particle flux. We next focus on the fact that the unique closed-form linear-superposition quantization of any classical Hamiltonian function yields in tandem the corresponding unique linear-superposition closed-form divergence of the probability vector current density. Because the
probability vector current density is linked to the quantum physics only through the occurrence of its divergence in the equation of continuity, it is theoretically most appropriate to construct this vector field exclusively from its divergence -- analysis of the best-known "textbook" special example of a probability vector current density shows that it is thus constructed. That special example in fact leads to the physically interesting "Ehrenfest subclass" of probability vector current densities, which are closely related to their classical peers.
Category: Quantum Physics
[162] viXra:1301.0125 [pdf] replaced on 2013-01-24 00:00:07
Authors: V.A.I.Menon
Comments: 15 Pages.
The author after clarifying the concepts of the imaginary time, reversible time and the progressive time based on the vean (vacuum energy absorption) process now shows that the same process will also result in a gradient in the energy of the vacuum near a massive body resulting in a force field which could be identified with the gravitational field. According to the author, the accumulation of the mass by a particle by the vean process would be so small that an electron’s rest mass would have increased by only 10% over a period of 1 billion years. It is shown that part of the red shift observed in distant galaxies could be attributed to the reduced mass of electrons in the distant past.
Category: Quantum Physics
[161] viXra:1301.0111 [pdf] replaced on 2013-01-21 23:22:21
Authors: V.A.I.Menon
Comments: 11 Pages.
The author after clarifying the physical implications of the imaginary time approach and the reversible real time approach goes on to explain how they differ from the progressive time which is experienced by all macroscopic systems. He proposes that the progressive nature of time is a direct result of the increase in the entropy at the sub-quantum level. According to him just as the interactions with the vacuum fluctuations create the confined helical wave (CH wave) which is the basic structure of a particle, a small part of the energy gets converted into its jiggling motion. It is proposed that this random motion arising from the absorption of the vacuum energy contributes to infinitesimal increase in the rest mass which results in the increase in entropy right at the level of the elementary particle. He calls the process by which the particles absorb energy from vacuum “the vean process”. He proposes that this increase in entropy at the level of the structure of the elementary particles results in time acquiring its progressive nature. With this interpretation of the progressive nature of time, the problem of the collapse of wave function gets resolved without invoking the presence of a conscious observer. Even the process of entanglement appears to have space-time limitations. He suggests that the existence of gravitational field and expansion of the universe may be direct outcome of the proposed vean process.
Category: Quantum Physics
[160] viXra:1301.0108 [pdf] replaced on 2013-01-20 19:53:04
Authors: V.Skorobogaotov
Comments: 8 Pages.
It is given the description of some basic notions of the quantum mechanics in the frame of the model of 4D medium ("4D ether"): the uncertainty relation of Heisenberg, the spectrum of the energy for the hydrogen atom, the wave function, the de Broyle wave and some others.
Category: Quantum Physics