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1910 Submissions

[571] viXra:1910.0658 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-31 12:30:50

Hartree-fock Methods Analysis Protonated Rhodochrosite Crystal and Potential in the Elimination of Cancer Cells Through Synchrotron Radiation

Authors: Ricardo Gobato, Marcia Regina Risso Gobato, Alireza Heidari, Abhijit Mitra
Comments: Radiation Science and Technology, Volume 5, Issue 3, September 2019, Pages: 27-36, Received: Sep. 27, 2019; Accepted: Oct. 11, 2019; Published: Oct. 25, 2.http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo?journalid=321&doi=10.11648/j.rst.20190503.12

The rhodochrosite as crystal oscillator for being an alternative to those of quartz. The rhodochrosite (MnCO3) shows complete solid solution with siderite (FeCO3), and it may contain substantial amounts of Zn, Mg, Co, and Ca. There is no precedent in the literature on the treatment of tumor tissues by eliminating these affected tissues, using rhodocrosite crystals in tissue absorption and eliminating cancerous tissues by synchrotron radiation. The studies that are found are the research papers of this team. Through an unrestricted Hartree-Fock (UHF) computational simulation, Compact effective potentials (CEP), the infrared spectrum of the protonated rhodochrosite crystal, CH19Mn6O8, and the load distribution by the unit molecule by two widely used methods, Atomic Polar Tensor (APT) and Mulliken, were studied. The rhodochrosite crystal unit cell of structure CMn6O8, where the load distribution by the molecule was verified in the UHF CEP-4G (Effective core potential (ECP) minimal basis), UHF CEP-31G (ECP split valance) and UHF CEP121G (ECP triple-split basis). The largest load variation in the APT and Mulliken methods were obtained in the CEP-121G basis set, with δ = 2.922 e δ = 2.650 u. a., respectively, being δAPT > δMulliken. The maximum absorbance peaks in the CEP-4G, CEP-31G and CEP121G basis set are present at the frequencies 2172.23 cm-1 , with a normalized intensity of 0.65; 2231.4 cm-1 and 0.454; and 2177.24 cm-1 and 1.0, respectively. An in-depth study is necessary to verify the absorption by the tumoral and non-tumoral tissues of rhodochrosite, before and after irradiating of synchrotron radiation using Small–Angle X–Ray Scattering (SAXS), Ultra–Small Angle X–Ray Scattering (USAXS), Fluctuation X–Ray Scattering (FXS), Wide–Angle X–Ray Scattering (WAXS), Grazing–Incidence Small–Angle X–Ray Scattering (GISAXS), Grazing–Incidence Wide–Angle X–Ray Scattering (GIWAXS), Small–Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS),Grazing–Incidence Small–Angle Neutron Scattering (GISANS), X–Ray Diffraction (XRD), Powder X–Ray Diffraction (PXRD), Wide–Angle X–Ray Diffraction (WAXD), Grazing– Incidence X–Ray Diffraction (GIXD) and Energy–Dispersive X–Ray Diffraction (EDXRD). Later studies could check the advantages and disadvantages of rhodochrosite in the treatment of cancer through synchrotron radiation, such as one oscillator crystal. Studying the sites of rhodocrosite action may lead to a better understanding of its absorption by healthy and/or tumor tissues, thus leading to a better application of synchrotron radiation to the tumors to eliminate them
Category: Condensed Matter

[570] viXra:1910.0657 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-31 16:48:46

On Some New Mathematical Connections Between Various Equations of the Bouncing Cosmology, the Constraints Concerning the Dilaton Inflation and Some Sectors of Number Theory: Rogers-Ramanujan Continued Fractions and the Ramanujan Mock Theta Functions

Authors: Michele Nardelli, Antonio Nardelli
Comments: 137 Pages.

In this research thesis, we have described the new possible mathematical connections between some equations of various topics concerning the Bouncing Cosmology, the Cosmological Constraints regarding the Dilaton Inflation and some sectors of Number Theory, principally the Rogers-Ramanujan continued fractions and the Ramanujan’s mock theta functions
Category: Mathematical Physics

[569] viXra:1910.0656 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-31 17:01:19

On Maximum Likelihood Estimates for the Shape Parameter of the Generalized Pareto Distribution

Authors: Kouider Mohammed Ridha
Comments: 6 Pages.

The general Pareto distribution (GPD) has been widely used a lot in the extreme value for example to model exceedance over a threshold. Feature of The GPD that when applied to real data sets depends substantially and clearly on the parameter estimation process. Mostly the estimation is preferred by maximum likelihood because have a consistent estimator with lowest bias and variance. The objective of the present study is to develop efficient estimation methods for the maximum likelihood estimator for the shape parameter or extreme value index. Which based on the numerical methods for maximizing the log-likelihood by introduce an algorithm for computing maximum likelihood estimate of The GPD parameters. Finally, a numerical examples are given to illustrate the obtained results, they are carried out to investigate the behavior of the method
Category: Statistics

[568] viXra:1910.0655 [pdf] replaced on 2019-11-13 21:59:17

Time Dilation in Classical Physics

Authors: Edwin Eugene Klingman
Comments: 7 Pages.

'Time dilation' appears to be an experimental fact (2,4). We show that if Einstein had not invented the multiple time dimensions and multiple ethers of relativity, time dilation could have been derived from absolute time (defined as universal simultaneity) and the constant speed of light in absolute space.
Category: Classical Physics

[567] viXra:1910.0654 [pdf] replaced on 2019-11-02 04:55:39

Goldbach's Conjecture

Authors: Yuji Masuda
Comments: 1 Page.

This is a proof of Goldbach's conjecture.
Category: Number Theory

[566] viXra:1910.0653 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-31 23:04:59

Metrology of the Circle and the Royal Cubit: Deciphering the Ancient 360 Degree Circle Design

Authors: Mark Anthony Musgrave
Comments: 11 Pages.

Design of the ancient 360-degree circle is proposed to be the result of using a scientific length standard, the Egyptian Royal cubit, to define the dimensions of the circle reference frame. The ancient length standard is subdivided into its own sub-units of palms and fingers, but it is the equivalence to other ancient length units (inches, feet) in proportions that match specific circle features that allow underling design aspects to be identified. The available evidence suggests that the original circle design described by Hipparchus, as being based on “a radius of 3438 minutes”, should be interpreted to mean that the design circle radius was actually 3438 Royal cubits. From this framework it is possible to observe direct metrological relationships between the design of the Royal cubit and the design of the 360-degree circle, as well as the origin of the inch and feet units. Multiple shared features between the circle and the Royal cubit suggest a common design principle was involved, and the evidence suggests that an understanding of electromagnetic physics was in place when the sexagesimal circle was created. If verified, the hypothesis presented here infers that a new frequency standard could be implemented in modern metrology that would provide both the time and length units and allow for complete integration with the 360-degree circle reference frame. This step may also then provide deeper insights into astronomical physics as dimensional features are examined under a suitable length unit
Category: General Mathematics

[565] viXra:1910.0652 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-31 00:06:21

An Entropy Perspective of the Pilot-Wave Theory in Quantum Mechanics

Authors: Krishna RP
Comments: 3 Pages.

In this article, a modified picture of de Broglie-Bohm (dBB) picture is presented from the perspective of information exchange. The vacuum zero-point energy (ZPE) fluctuations are incorporated into the entropy because the interactions between the particle and ZPE should be treated similar to measurements in that they result in a pilot- wave. The inclusion of a term in the entropy resulting from mutual exchange of information between the particle and the vacuum (through ZPE) necessarily leads to the dBB picture.
Category: Quantum Physics

[564] viXra:1910.0651 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-31 01:28:44

Gravitational Diagram of an Ideal Black Hole

Authors: Vladimir Leonov
Comments: 4 Pages, 2 Figures

Black holes can only be inside quantized space-time. Without quantized space-time, black holes cannot exist. In this regard, all known work on black holes requires adjustment. We describe the state of a black hole by a system of equations in the form of a two-component solution of the Poisson equation for the quantum density of the medium and gravitational potentials. An analysis of the spherical deformation of quantized space-time allows us to look inside a black hole and describe its external gravitational field. We consider two types of black holes: black holes ideal and non-ideal black holes. The ideal black holes characterized discontinuities of the quantized space-time on the surface of the black hole. Its formation is completed. Such a black hole is completely invisible. Non-ideal black holes do not have discontinuities of quantized space-time on the surface of a black hole. Its formation is not completed. Such a black hole has a visible glow due to the reflection of photons from its surface. The quantum density of the medium inside the black hole is doubled due to its gravitational compression. Cosmic bodies falling into a black hole break up into quarks already on its surface. Only quarks can penetrate inside a black hole through its surface. Quarks can restore matter inside a black hole. The giant black hole inside may look like a new universe. The gravitational forces inside the black hole are determined by the gradient of the quantum density of the medium, which is characterized by the deformation vector of quantized space-time. It is possible that within a giant black hole can form star systems and planets with weak gravity like Earth where life is possible.
Category: Quantum Physics

[563] viXra:1910.0650 [pdf] replaced on 2019-11-02 04:39:55

Proof(Definition⑪)

Authors: Yuji Masuda
Comments: 1 Page.

This is proof of a famous formula.
Category: Number Theory

[562] viXra:1910.0649 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-31 03:36:33

Problem Book in Relativity and Gravity (1). in Russian

Authors: A. Lightman, W. Press, K. Price, S. Teukolsky
Comments: 6 Pages. in Russian. Pay attention to the fact that this is a necessary introduction to the only published work!

In accordance with the need to comply with the copyright law in the first file of the book: A. Lightman, V. Press, K. Price, S. Tyukolsky: "Problem book in relativity and gravity " are all the formal characteristics of the book, assigned by the publishing house "Мир". The need to present the book as two files is related to the peculiarity of the formats *.docx,*.pdf,*.djvu
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[561] viXra:1910.0648 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-31 04:15:53

The Electron is not an Elementary Particle. the Standard Model is Wrong

Authors: Adrian Ferent
Comments: 446 Pages. © 2014 Adrian Ferent

The electron is not an elementary particle. The Standard Model is wrong “The electron is not an elementary particle, because it is composed of a Photon and a Dark electron” Adrian Ferent “The Standard Model is wrong because the electron is not an elementary particle, and it does not include Dark Matter particles” Adrian Ferent “I explained Particle physics with Dark Matter from Ferent Quantum Gravity” Adrian Ferent “I discovered what the electron is, because I discovered what Dark Matter is” Adrian Ferent “The electron equation:” Adrian Ferent You learned that the Standard Model is a theory describing three of the four known fundamental forces, but not the gravitational force, and classifies all known elementary particles. The electrons are elementary particles because they have no known components or substructure. “I explained Particle physics with Dark Matter from Ferent Quantum Gravity” Adrian Ferent “The electron is a photon around Dark Matter” Adrian Ferent “The Dark Matter electron is the Dark Matter inside the electron” Adrian Ferent “Between the Ferent time t = 1.294 × 10^(-86) s and the Planck time t = 5.391 × 10^(-44) s were created the Dark Matter electrons” Adrian Ferent “When the photons were created, the photons with the energy 0.5 MeV and the Dark Matter electrons created the electrons” Adrian Ferent “I calculated the charge created by the photon with f = 10^20 Hz inside the electron Q = 1.6 × 10^(-19) C, the electron charge” Adrian Ferent “The Spin of the electron is the Orbital angular momentum of the photon within the electron” Adrian Ferent “Ferent equation for elementary particle, made of 2 particles, a Matter particle and a Dark Matter particle, is the Unification between Matter and Dark Matter!” Adrian Ferent “The electron equation:” Adrian Ferent Where Ψ is the wave function of the electron. “I discovered what the electron is, because I discovered what Dark Matter is” Adrian Ferent The Standard Model does not include Dark Matter particles. The Standard Model does not include particles beyond the Planck wall, like Dark Matter particles Dark Photons, Dark Electrons, Gravitons… “Two important walls: The Ferent wall: here at time t = 1.294 × 10^(-86) s were created Dark Matter, Dark Photons and Gravitons. The Planck wall: here at time t = 5.391 × 10^(-44) s were created Matter and Photons” Adrian Ferent All the scientists did not understand what the electron is, they did not understand what they did collide in particle accelerators. “What the scientists, the Nobel Laureates, your professors… do not understand? When the electron is accelerated gains kinetic energy and when the electron – positron collide the kinetic energy is transferred to the photons and Dark Matter electrons” Adrian Ferent What scientists, the Nobel Laureates, your professors… do not understand? They do not understand Gravitation, Dark Matter, the electron… The problem is that the Universities do not payback the money to students for wrong theories like Einstein Gravitation theory, the Standard Model, Cold Dark Matter theory, String theory, Loop Quantum Gravity theory… “The electron is not an elementary particle because it is composed of a Photon and a Dark electron” Adrian Ferent “The Standard Model is wrong because the electron is not an elementary particle, and it does not include Dark Matter particles” Adrian Ferent 267. I am the first who discovered that the electron is not an elementary particle because it is composed of a Photon and a Dark electron 268. I am the first who discovered that the Standard Model is wrong because the electron is not an elementary particle, and it does not include Dark Matter particles 269. I am the first who explained Particle physics with Dark Matter from Ferent Quantum Gravity 270. I am the first who discovered what the electron is, because I discovered what Dark Matter is 271. I am the first who discovered the electron equation
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[560] viXra:1910.0647 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-31 07:37:24

Measure Nuclear Materials

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 70 Pages.

Researchers with the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) designed and built an instrument called NAUTILUS to provide new measurement capabilities unlike those available at other laboratories to measure nuclear, cosmo/geo-chemical, and electronic materials. [42] In an attosecond study of the H2 molecule, physicists at ETH Zurich found that for light atomic nuclei, as contained in most organic and biological molecules, the correlation between electronic and nuclear motions cannot be ignored. [41] A half-century ago, the theorist Walter Henneberger wondered if it were possible to use a laser field to free an electron from its atom without removing it from the nucleus. [40]
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[559] viXra:1910.0646 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-31 07:58:39

Switchable Superconductivity

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 37 Pages.

Now, a new study in the journal Nature by scientists from Spain, the U.S., China and Japan shows that superconductivity can be turned on or off with a small voltage change, increasing its usefulness for electronic devices. [25] Superconducting nanowires could be used as both targets and sensors for the direct detection of dark matter, physicists in Israel and the US have shown. [24] "We invoke a different theory, the self-interacting dark matter model or SIDM, to show that dark matter self-interactions thermalize the inner halo, which ties ordinary dark matter and dark matter distributions together so that they behave like a collective unit." [23] Technology proposed 30 years ago to search for dark matter is finally seeing the light. [22] They're looking for dark matter-the stuff that theoretically makes up a quarter of our universe. [21] Results from its first run indicate that XENON1T is the most sensitive dark matter detector on Earth. [20] Scientists at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU) in Germany have now come up with a new theory on how dark matter may have been formed shortly after the origin of the universe. [19] Map of dark matter made from gravitational lensing measurements of 26 million galaxies in the Dark Energy Survey. [18] CfA astronomers Annalisa Pillepich and Lars Hernquist and their colleagues compared gravitationally distorted Hubble images of the galaxy cluster Abell 2744 and two other clusters with the results of computer simulations of dark matter haloes. [17] In a paper published July 20 in the journal Physical Review Letters, an international team of cosmologists uses data from the intergalactic medium-the vast, largely empty space between galaxies-to narrow down what dark matter could be. [16] But a new hypothesis might have gotten us closer to figuring out its identity, because physicists now suspect that dark matter has been changing forms this whole time-from ghostly particles in the Universe's biggest structures, to a strange, superfluid state at smaller scales. And we might soon have the tools to confirm it. [15] Superfluids may exist inside neutron stars, and some researchers have speculated that space-time itself may be a superfluid. So why shouldn't dark matter have a superfluid phase, too? [14] "The best result on dark matter so far-and we just got started." This is how scientists behind XENON1T, now the most sensitive dark matter experiment worldwide , commented on their first result from a short 30-day run presented today to the scientific community. [13] The gravitational force attracting the matter, causing concentration of the matter in a small space and leaving much space with low matter concentration: dark matter and energy. There is an asymmetry between the mass of the electric charges, for example proton and electron, can understood by the asymmetrical Planck Distribution Law. This temperature dependent energy distribution is asymmetric around the maximum intensity, where the annihilation of matter and antimatter is a high probability event. The asymmetric sides are creating different frequencies of electromagnetic radiations being in the same intensity level and compensating each other. One of these compensating ratios is the electron-proton mass ratio. The lower energy side has no compensating intensity level, it is the dark energy and the corresponding matter is the dark matter. SIMPs would resolve certain discrepancies between simulations of the distribution of dark matter, like this one, and the observed properties of the galaxies. In particle physics and astrophysics, weakly interacting massive particles, or WIMPs, are among the leading hypothetical particle physics candidates for dark matter.
Category: Quantum Physics

[558] viXra:1910.0645 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-31 08:50:10

Conversion of Infrared Light to Energy

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 30 Pages.

Invisible infrared light accounts for half of all solar radiation on the Earth's surface, yet ordinary solar energy systems have limited ability in converting it to power. [20] Thermoelectric materials can use thermal differences to generate electricity. Now there is an inexpensive and environmentally friendly way of producing them with the simplest tools: a pencil, photocopy paper, and conductive paint. [19] A team of researchers with the University of California and SRI International has developed a new type of cooling device that is both portable and efficient. [18] Thermal conductivity is one of the most crucial physical properties of matter when it comes to understanding heat transport, hydrodynamic evolution and energy balance in systems ranging from astrophysical objects to fusion plasmas. [17] Researchers from the Theory Department of the MPSD have realized the control of thermal and electrical currents in nanoscale devices by means of quantum local observations. [16] Physicists have proposed a new type of Maxwell's demon-the hypothetical agent that extracts work from a system by decreasing the system's entropy-in which the demon can extract work just by making a measurement, by taking advantage of quantum fluctuations and quantum superposition. [15] Pioneering research offers a fascinating view into the inner workings of the mind of 'Maxwell's Demon', a famous thought experiment in physics. [14] For more than a century and a half of physics, the Second Law of Thermodynamics, which states that entropy always increases, has been as close to inviolable as any law we know. In this universe, chaos reigns supreme. [13] Physicists have shown that the three main types of engines (four-stroke, twostroke, and continuous) are thermodynamically equivalent in a certain quantum regime, but not at the classical level. [12] For the first time, physicists have performed an experiment confirming that thermodynamic processes are irreversible in a quantum system-meaning that, even on the quantum level, you can't put a broken egg back into its shell. The results have implications for understanding thermodynamics in quantum systems and, in turn, designing quantum computers and other quantum information technologies. [11]
Category: Thermodynamics and Energy

[557] viXra:1910.0644 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-31 09:32:44

What is an Electron?

Authors: Lubomir Vlcek
Comments: 5 Pages. Wave - particle duality elegantly incorporates kinetic energy in direction of movement (as particle in the direction of movement) and kinetic energy against directions of movement (as wave against the spread of direction of movement).

. In the present paper we show, that leptons ( electron, muon, tau ), W + - Z bosons and neutrinos ( electron neutrino , muon neutrino, tau neutrino) can be replaced with electron moving at different speeds from 0.1c up to 0.999.. c . What is an electron? An electron is a particle, that leaves a wave in the transmission medium.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[556] viXra:1910.0643 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-31 10:46:11

Quantum Chip 1000 Times Smaller

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 61 Pages.

Researchers at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore) have developed a quantum communication chip that is 1,000 times smaller than current quantum setups, but offers the same superior security quantum technology is known for. [40] Physicists at The City College of New York have used atomically thin two-dimensional materials to realize an array of quantum emitters operating at room temperature that can be integrated into next generation quantum communication systems. [39] Research in the quantum optics lab of Prof. Barak Dayan in the Weizmann Institute of Science may be bringing the development of such computers one step closer by providing the "quantum gates" that are required for communication within and between such quantum computers. [38] Calculations of a quantum system's behavior can spiral out of control when they involve more than a handful of particles. [37] Researchers from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill have reached a new milestone on the way to optical computing, or the use of light instead of electricity for computing. [36] The key technical novelty of this work is the creation of semantic embeddings out of structured event data. [35] The researchers have focussed on a complex quantum property known as entanglement, which is a vital ingredient in the quest to protect sensitive data. [34] Cryptography is a science of data encryption providing its confidentiality and integrity. [33] Researchers at the University of Sheffield have solved a key puzzle in quantum physics that could help to make data transfer totally secure. [32]
Category: Quantum Physics

[555] viXra:1910.0642 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-31 11:17:11

Black Hole Collision Precision

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 40 Pages.

Scientists at The Australian National University (ANU) have found a way to better detect all collisions of stellar-mass black holes in the universe. [27] Our first glimpses into the physics that exist near the center of a black hole are being made possible using "loop quantum gravity"—a theory that uses quantum mechanics to extend gravitational physics beyond Einstein's theory of general relativity. [26] In the shadowy regions of black holes two fundamental theories describing our world collide. Can these problems be resolved and do black holes really exist? First, we may have to see one and scientists are trying to do just this. [25]
Category: Astrophysics

[554] viXra:1910.0641 [pdf] replaced on 2019-11-22 15:17:06

A Revised and Improved MHCE8S Model of Physics

Authors: George R. Briggs
Comments: 2 Pages.

Abstract: The dark heavy particle is included in this model. All masses are 4 digits or less, including the down neutron quark
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[553] viXra:1910.0640 [pdf] replaced on 2019-11-01 12:56:39

Theory of Gamma-Ray Bursts

Authors: Sylwester Kornowski
Comments: 7 Pages.

Here, using the dynamics of the core of baryons described within the Scale-Symmetric Theory (SST), we explain the origin of the rest frame peak energy versus isotropic energy for Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs). We present also how isotropic energy depends on mass of captured star by the most massive neutron star.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[552] viXra:1910.0638 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-30 18:52:19

Planet Orbital Period Definition (II)

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 8 Pages.

Previous Paper Conclusion -Planets Cycles Periods are defined relative to each other. Example -Mercury & Venus Cycles Periods interacted with each other, creating an effect on Earth Moon Cycles and causing that, The Moon Orbital Period to be equal Its Rotation Period (27.3 days) -This effect of Mercury and Venus, on Earth Moon Cycles Periods, is a general effect on the solar system, and be seen also on the outer planets cycles periods -A result of that, The Outer Planets Days Periods Are = Their Rotations Periods – this is found Because Earth Moon Orbital Period = Its Rotation Period =27.3 days A Proof -The Outer Planets Rotation Periods Total =(Earth Moon Rotation Period /Π) (Planets Cycles Periods, Means, Planet Orbital Period, Planet Rotation Period And Planet Day Period) Paper Objective -This paper provides more proves for the claim that "The Outer Planets Rotations Periods Are Found Depending On Earth Moon Rotation Period"
Category: Astrophysics

[551] viXra:1910.0637 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-30 19:50:00

The Myth of Black Holes

Authors: Jeffrey Joseph Wolynski
Comments: 3 Pages.

An explanation for why the irrational idea known as "black hole", persists even in the 21st century. It has to do with the belief divorced from its relevant context. In short, black holes only exist because the environment exists to support them, and not because they are rational constructs. Explanation is provided.
Category: Astrophysics

[550] viXra:1910.0636 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-30 22:53:32

On Prime Numbers⑯(DefinitionⅩ)

Authors: Yuji Masuda
Comments: 1 Page.

This is collaboration3.
Category: Number Theory

[549] viXra:1910.0634 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-30 00:30:29

On Prime NUMBERS⑮❨DefinitionⅨ❩

Authors: Yuji Masuda
Comments: 1 Page.

This is collaboration2.
Category: Number Theory

[548] viXra:1910.0633 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-30 01:49:46

The Mass of the Graviton

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 19 Pages.

A team of researchers affiliated with several institutions in France has revisited the idea of improving on estimates of the upper limit of the mass of a graviton. [20] An international group of astronomers, including physicists at the University of St Andrews, has revived a previously debunked theory of gravity, arguing that motions within dwarf galaxies would be slower if close to a massive galaxy. [19] While last year's discovery of gravitational waves from colliding neutron stars was earth-shaking, it won't add extra dimensions to our understanding of the universe-not literal ones, at least. [18] A global team of scientists, including two University of Mississippi physicists, has found that the same instruments used in the historic discovery of gravitational waves caused by colliding black holes could help unlock the secrets of dark matter, a mysterious and as-yet-unobserved component of the universe. [17] The lack of so-called "dark photons" in electron-positron collision data rules out scenarios in which these hypothetical particles explain the muon's magnetic moment. [16] By reproducing the complexity of the cosmos through unprecedented simulations, a new study highlights the importance of the possible behaviour of very high-energy photons. In their journey through intergalactic magnetic fields, such photons could be transformed into axions and thus avoid being absorbed. [15] Scientists have detected a mysterious X-ray signal that could be caused by dark matter streaming out of our Sun's core. Hidden photons are predicted in some extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics, and unlike WIMPs they would interact electromagnetically with normal matter. In particle physics and astrophysics, weakly interacting massive particles, or WIMPs, are among the leading hypothetical particle physics candidates for dark matter. The gravitational force attracting the matter, causing concentration of the matter in a small space and leaving much space with low matter concentration: dark matter and energy. There is an asymmetry between the mass of the electric charges, for example proton and electron, can understood by the asymmetrical Planck Distribution Law. This temperature dependent energy distribution is asymmetric around the maximum intensity, where the annihilation of matter and antimatter is a high probability event. The asymmetric sides are creating different frequencies of electromagnetic radiations being in the same intensity level and compensating each other. One of these compensating ratios is the electron-proton mass ratio. The lower energy side has no compensating intensity level, it is the dark energy and the corresponding matter is the dark matter.
Category: Astrophysics

[547] viXra:1910.0632 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-30 01:57:43

Latest Editions Of Original Research Books by Mr. Ramesh Chandra Bagadi as on October 30th 2019 AD.

Authors: B Ananda Rao Ramesh Chandra
Comments: 6 Pages.

Latest Editions Of Original Research Books by Mr. Ramesh Chandra Bagadi as on October 30th 2019 AD.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[546] viXra:1910.0631 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-30 02:11:21

Light Promises Secure Communications

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 22 Pages.

Structured light is a fancy way to describe patterns or pictures of light, but deservedly so as it promises future communications that will be both faster and more secure. [17] The experiment has managed to prepare a remote quantum state; i.e., absolutely secure communication was established with another, physically separated quantum computer for the first time in the microwave regime. [16] Quantum physics has led to new types of sensors, secure data transmission methods and researchers are working toward computers. [15] The researchers engineered diamond strings that can be tuned to quiet a qubit's environment and improve memory from tens to several hundred nanoseconds, enough time to do many operations on a quantum chip. [14] Intel has announced the design and fabrication of a 49-qubit superconducting quantum-processor chip at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas. To improve our understanding of the so-called quantum properties of materials, scientists at the TU Delft investigated thin slices of SrIrO3, a material that belongs to the family of complex oxides. [12] New research carried out by CQT researchers suggest that standard protocols that measure the dimensions of quantum systems may return incorrect numbers. [11] Is entanglement really necessary for describing the physical world, or is it possible to have some post-quantum theory without entanglement? [10] A trio of scientists who defied Einstein by proving the nonlocal nature of quantum entanglement will be honoured with the John Stewart Bell Prize from the University of Toronto (U of T). [9] While physicists are continually looking for ways to unify the theory of relativity, which describes large-scale phenomena, with quantum theory, which describes small-scale phenomena, computer scientists are searching for technologies to build the quantum computer using Quantum Information. In August 2013, the achievement of "fully deterministic" quantum teleportation, using a hybrid technique, was reported. On 29 May 2014, scientists announced a reliable way of transferring data by quantum teleportation. Quantum teleportation of data had been done before but with highly unreliable methods. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to build the Quantum Computer with the help of Quantum Information.
Category: Quantum Physics

[545] viXra:1910.0630 [pdf] replaced on 2020-03-07 12:35:05

Fusion Reactor with Electrodynamic Stabilization

Authors: Octavian Balaci
Comments: Pages. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and AIP Publishing. This article may be found at https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0021263

The magnetic confinement of thermonuclear plasma can be significantly improved by using the reaction of an electrical conductive wall in combination with the AC driving of the plasma current. In this way the magnetic fields can be confined in some well defined space and with it the plasma itself. Also many plasma instabilities are suppressed or reduced.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[544] viXra:1910.0629 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-30 04:16:01

Problem Book in Relativity and Gravity (2). in Russian

Authors: A. Lightman, W. Press, K. Price, S. Teukolsky
Comments: 532 Pages. In Russian

This book, written by A. Lightman, V. Press, R. Price and S. Tyukolsky, is a collection of problems with solutions to the General theory of relativity and gravity. It is unique in its breadth and overall design. Almost 500 problems introduce the reader to the modern mathematical apparatus and methods used in this field of physics. The problems presented in this collection are borrowed from the latest original works on topical problems of General relativity and gravity (solution of the equations of gravitation, physics of curved space-time, black holes, gravitational healing, cosmological aspects of General relativity and its experimental verification). The book is intended for a wide range of researchers, teachers, graduate students and students of physical and mathematical specialties
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[543] viXra:1910.0628 [pdf] replaced on 2019-12-10 20:30:54

Axial-gap Generator Using Sintered Fe Nano-polycrystalline Body

Authors: T. Saiki, T. Matsuzaki, M. Inada
Comments: 6 Pages.

Reduced iron (Fe) nanoparticles and sintered Fe nano-polycrystalline were used for core inductor of axial-gap generator. Property on magnetization of core inductor at low frequency was investigated. Reduced Fe nanoparticles were produced from iron oxide fine particles by high voltage pulse or laser ablation in liquids. Core inductors with these materials were fabricated. It was clarified from the measurement for magnetization of core inductor that the relative permeability of the sintered Fe nano-polycrystalline was 1 million. These experiments show that core inductor can be thinner and lighter than those using conventional core materials. Using Fe nano-polycrystalline should make axial-gap generator more compact with keeping high efficiency.
Category: Classical Physics

[542] viXra:1910.0627 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-30 08:26:56

Microcavity Boosts Nonlinear Optics

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 60 Pages.

Silica optical microcavities are mainstay photonic devices, valued for their intrinsically ultra-low loss in the broadband spectra and mature fabrication processes, but unfortunately, they suffer from low second-and third-order optical nonlinearity. [36] Researchers have, for the first time, integrated two technologies widely used in applications such as optical communications, bio-imaging and Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) systems that scan the surroundings of self-driving cars and trucks. [35] The unique platform, which is referred as a 4-D microscope, combines the sensitivity and high time-resolution of phase imaging with the specificity and high spatial resolution of fluorescence microscopy. [34] The experiment relied on a soliton frequency comb generated in a chip-based optical microresonator made from silicon nitride. [33] This scientific achievement toward more precise control and monitoring of light is highly interesting for miniaturizing optical devices for sensing and signal processing. [32] It may seem like such optical behavior would require bending the rules of physics, but in fact, scientists at MIT, Harvard University, and elsewhere have now demonstrated that photons can indeed be made to interact-an accomplishment that could open a path toward using photons in quantum computing, if not in light sabers. [31] Optical highways for light are at the heart of modern communications. But when it comes to guiding individual blips of light called photons, reliable transit is far less common. [30] Theoretical physicists propose to use negative interference to control heat flow in quantum devices. [29] Particle physicists are studying ways to harness the power of the quantum realm to further their research. [28]
Category: Quantum Physics

[541] viXra:1910.0626 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-30 08:46:52

Noncontainers Drug Delivery

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 69 Pages.

Nanocapsules and other containers can transport drugs through a patient's body directly to the origin of the disease and release them there in a controlled manner. [43] Coupier has found that deflating and inflating microscopic shells can induce directed motion, which could, for example, be used to help target drug delivery to a tumour. [42] A recent study, affiliated with South Korea's Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) has introduced a novel targeted drug delivery system in the fight against cancer. [41]
Category: Physics of Biology

[540] viXra:1910.0625 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-30 09:05:52

Superconductor Remembers

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 21 Pages.

This discovery opens a new avenue of research into how these intriguing materials work, bringing scientists one step closer to a complete picture of electronic behavior in cuprates. [34] Now in a new study, researchers have discovered the existence of a positive feedback loop that gratly enhances the superconductivity of cuprates and may shed light on the origins of high-temperature cuprate superconductivity-considered one of the most important open questions in physics. [33] Using ultracold atoms, researchers at Heidelberg University have found an exotic state of matter where the constituent particles pair up when limited to two dimensions. [32] Neutron diffraction at the Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering has clarified the absence of magnetic order and classified the superconductivity of a new next-generation of superconductors in a paper published in Europhysics Letters. [31] A potential new state of matter is being reported in the journal Nature, with research showing that among superconducting materials in high magnetic fields, the phenomenon of electronic symmetry breaking is common. [30] Researchers from the University of Geneva (UNIGE) in Switzerland and the Technical University Munich in Germany have lifted the veil on the electronic characteristics of high-temperature superconductors. Their research, published in Nature Communications, shows that the electronic densities measured in these superconductors are a combination of two separate effects. As a result, they propose a new model that suggests the existence of two coexisting states rather than competing ones postulated for the past thirty years, a small revolution in the world of superconductivity. [29] A team led by scientists at the Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory combined powerful magnetic pulses with some of the brightest X-rays on the planet to discover a surprising 3-D arrangement of a material's electrons that appears closely linked to a mysterious phenomenon known as high-temperature superconductivity. [28] Advanced x-ray technique reveals surprising quantum excitations that persist through materials with or without superconductivity. [27] This paper explains the magnetic effect of the superconductive current from the observed effects of the accelerating electrons, causing naturally the experienced changes of the electric field potential along the electric wire. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the wave particle duality and the electron's spin also, building the bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The changing acceleration of the electrons explains the created negative electric field of the magnetic induction, the Higgs Field, the changing Relativistic Mass and the Gravitational Force, giving a Unified Theory of the physical forces. Taking into account the Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators also, we can explain the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions. Since the superconductivity is basically a quantum mechanical phenomenon and some entangled particles give this opportunity to specific matters, like Cooper Pairs or other entanglements, as strongly correlated materials and Exciton-mediated electron pairing, we can say that the secret of superconductivity is the quantum entanglement.
Category: Quantum Physics

[539] viXra:1910.0624 [pdf] replaced on 2021-04-28 01:58:00

Gender Issues in Fundamental Physics: a Bibliometric Analysis

Authors: Alessandro Strumia
Comments: Published on the refereed journal Quantitative Science Studies (https://direct.mit.edu/qss/article/2/1/225/99129/Gender-issues-in-fundamental-physics-A). Cannot yet appear on arXiv (see added final page).

We analyse bibliometric data about fundamental physics world-wide from 1970 to now extracting quantitative data about gender issues. We do not find significant gender differences in hiring rates, hiring timing, career gaps and slowdowns, abandonment rates, citation and self-citation patterns. Furthermore, various bibliometric indicators (number of fractionally-counted papers, citations, etc) exhibit a productivity gap at hiring moments, at career level, and without integrating over careers. The gap persists after accounting for confounding factors and manifests as an increasing fraction of male authors going from average to top authors in terms of bibliometric indices, with a quantitative shape that can be fitted by higher male variability.
Category: History and Philosophy of Physics

[538] viXra:1910.0623 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-30 09:25:01

Next-Generation Holograms

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 66 Pages.

Metasurfaces are optically thin metamaterials that can control the wavefront of light completely, although they are primarily used to control the phase of light. [37] Researchers from the Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD) have invented a new type of anti-counterfeiting technology called holographic colour prints for securing important documents such as identity cards, passports and banknotes. [36] Holography is a powerful tool that can reconstruct wavefronts of light and combine the fundamental wave properties of amplitude, phase, polarization, wave vector and frequency. [35] Physicist Artem Rudenko from Kansas State University and his colleagues pondered how to improve the images of viruses and microparticles that scientists get from X-rays. [34] A team of materials scientists from Penn State, Cornell and Argonne National Laboratory have, for the first time, visualized the 3-D atomic and electron density structure of the most complex perovskite crystal structure system decoded to date. [33] Hydrogen-powered electronics, travel, and more may be a step closer thanks to the work of a collaborative team of scientists in Japan. [32] "The realization of such all-optical single-HYPERLINK "https://phys.org/tags/photon/" photon devices will be a large step towards deterministic multi-mode entanglement generation as well as high-fidelity photonic quantum gates that are crucial for all-optical HYPERLINK "https://phys.org/tags/quantum/" quantum HYPERLINK "https://phys.org/tags/information+processing/" information processing," says Tanji-Suzuki. [31] Researchers at ETH have now used attosecond laser pulses to measure the time evolution of this effect in molecules. [30] A new benchmark quantum chemical calculation of C2, Si2, and their hydrides reveals a qualitative difference in the topologies of core electron orbitals of organic molecules and their silicon analogues. [29]
Category: Quantum Physics

[537] viXra:1910.0622 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-30 10:17:51

Advanced Microscopy DNA Structure

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 35 Pages.

An advanced imaging technique reveals new structural details of S-DNA, ladder-like DNA that forms when the molecule experiences extreme tension. [22] Histones are proteins that regulate the unwinding of DNA in the cell nucleus and the expression of genes based on chemical modifications or "marks" that are placed on their tails. [21] Now, in a new paper published in Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Mayo researchers have determined how one DNA repair protein gets to the site of DNA damage. [20]
Category: Physics of Biology

[536] viXra:1910.0621 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-30 10:35:51

Gravitational Diagram of a Nucleon for Gravitational Potentials

Authors: Vladimir Leonov
Comments: 7 Pages, 2 Figures

In [1], we examined the properties of the gravitational diagram for the quantum density of a medium. The gravity diagram clearly shows us the process of deformation of quantized space-time under the influence of gravitation. Up to this point, the theory of gravity has been limited to Einstein's curvature and its geometry of four-dimensional space-time. We retained Einstein's concept of gravity of curved space-time, and instead of its curvature, we introduced a deformation vector D into the theory of quantum gravity [2-5]. The theory of quantum gravity does not use probabilistic methods like wave mechanics. Einstein was right when he claimed that "God does not play dice." The quantum theory of gravity uses a new parameter - the quantum density of the medium and determinism [6]. This is the concentration of quantons per unit volume. The deformation of the quantum density of the medium is the basis of quantum gravity. Such models of deformation of the quantum density of the medium are very convenient for us for the analysis of gravity and the gravitational field. These models are visual and can avoid methodological errors in the calculations of the gravitational field and its energy. However, we are not used to new gravity models using the quantum density of the medium and the deformation vector D. But the quantum density of the medium is an analogue of the gravitational potentials familiar to us. We propose to do an analysis of the gravitational diagram for gravitational potentials.
Category: Quantum Physics

[535] viXra:1910.0620 [pdf] replaced on 2021-02-20 15:58:13

How and Why to Use my Graphic Method.

Authors: Dante Servi
Comments: Pages.

Article replaced by the new one "How and Why to Use my Basic Scheme to make Polygonal Spirals" link https://vixra.org/abs/2103.0032
Category: Geometry

[534] viXra:1910.0617 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-29 14:58:40

Room-Temperature Superconducting Electronics: An Unconventional Vibration Energy Technology And Potential Implications To Daily Lives

Authors: Emmanuel F.C. Chimamkpam
Comments: 7 Pages.

Off-the-shelf room-temperature superconducting electronics are unavailable today because all superconductors that were discovered in the last century required cold temperature to work, and were made of scarce exotic materials that were often very expensive and difficult to process. These problems come now to an end with recent breakthrough in stable room-temperature superconductivity. As more similar breakthroughs await disclosures, this article gears up governments, businesses and general public for the dawning of super-electronics and their implications to our daily lives as a commercially-viable groundbreaking technology. Not only that recent and first-time stable breakthrough is vibration-induced and passed all superconductivity tests at room-temperature, it eliminated the century-old commercialization impediments by use of readily available, affordable and easily processed materials, components and techniques. These commercial attractiveness inform a practical expectation that new generation electronics including smart televisions, mobile phones, laptops and cameras will be of superconducting technologies 'within' next two decades. Room-temperature superconducting electrical appliances will self-generate and permanently self-sustain their own electricity without batteries, wireless and wired plug-ins. Cost of electricity for operating quantum computers will be cheap. Today's electricity consumption and billing methods will become obsolete.
Category: Condensed Matter

[533] viXra:1910.0615 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-29 20:58:15

Planet Orbital Period Definition

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 6 Pages.

Paper Hypothesis -Planet Orbital Period, Rotation Period And Day Period (Planet Cycles Periods), Are Defined Depending On Each Other And On Other Planets Cycles Periods. -1 Hour On Mercury = 1 Solar Day On Earth (Venus Also uses This Rate Of Time) -The Solar Group Is One Machine Works As A Mechanical Clock- Transports The Motion From Planet To Another With Different Rates Of Time, Aiming To Enable Light Motion During 1 Second Period To Cause A Planet Motion For 1 Solar Day
Category: Astrophysics

[532] viXra:1910.0613 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-29 00:18:26

The Two Couriers Problem

Authors: William F. Gilreath
Comments: 6 Pages. Published in Transmathematica 2019

The Two Couriers Problem is an algebra problem, originally stated in 1746 by the French mathematician Clairaut. For over a century, the Two Couriers Problem has been re-used in various forms as a mathemat- ical problem, in textbooks and journals, by different mathematicians and authors. The Two Couriers Problem involves cases where division by zero arises in practice, where each has a real-world, actual result for the solution. Thus the Two Couriers Problem is a centuries old algebra problem with actual applied results that involve division by zero. It is an excellent mathematical problem to evaluate different methods for dividing by zero. Division by zero has many different mathematical approaches. Conventional mathematics handles division by zero as an indeterminate or undefined result. Transmathematics defines division by zero as either nul- lity or explicitly positive or negative infinity. Two other approaches are by Saitoh, who defines division by zero simply as zero, and Barukčić who defines division by zero as either unity or explicitly positive or implicitly negativity infinity. The question is, which approach is best to solve the mathematical problem of division by zero? The paramount goal of this paper is to use the Two Couriers Problem as an objective test to examine and evaluate mathematical approaches to division by zero – and find which one is best.
Category: Algebra

[531] viXra:1910.0612 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-29 01:30:52

Quantifying Mental Health

Authors: Stephen Ternyik
Comments: 10 Pages.

A Simple Synopsis
Category: Mind Science

[530] viXra:1910.0611 [pdf] replaced on 2020-03-29 07:12:04

Electric Charges Might be a Form of Energy

Authors: ‪Moshe Segal‬‏
Comments: 32 Pages.

After the presentation of the Special Relativity Theory by Einstein, the concept of Mass was discovered to be a special form of Energy. Thus, the concept of Electric Charge remained the only distinct entity in Physics that is not equated with Energy. This study presents the following argument: Electric Charges are also a form of Energy as Mass is a form of Energy. The study starts by trying to answer the following question: is it possible to detect the energy embedded in a Null electromagnetic traveling wave, which is an electromagnetic traveling wave that does not contain any electric or magnetic fields at all. The article describes how to create such a Null electromagnetic traveling wave from two normal electromagnetic traveling waves, that do contain electric and magnetic fields, which collide and following their collision consolidate and unify and continue to travel together in the same direction. In three different proposed experiments of producing a Null, or a partly Null electromagnetic traveling waves, examined in the study, energy loss in the process was observed, which seems as a violation of the energy conservation principle. The main part of this study is the development of the "Energy Pair Theory" (EPT) that explained the above energy loss by the central idea of this theory that certain energies can be accumulated and stored as "Energy Pairs" that exist but disable each other, and therefore, the energy that is accumulated in the pairs exists but is undetectable or untraceable. Finally, the article examines the well-known observations of electron positron collision (known also as electron positron annihilation) to produce Gamma Photon, and the reversed process of Gamma Photon producing electron and positron (known also as pair production), in the EPT framework, and comes to the unexpected conclusion that Electric Charge is a form of Energy, or in other words the entities of Charge and Energy are actually equated, as Mass is recognized of being Energy. This implies that the only distinct entity in Nature is Energy. This surprising and revolutionary conclusion has many future implications in both scientific research and technology. The Energy Pairs Theory, developed in this study, puts the concept of "Energy" in a new and an interesting framework that is flexible and convenient to be further used as a framework in studying other physical and natural observations.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[529] viXra:1910.0610 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-29 03:42:52

Gravitational Diagram of a Nucleon for Quantum Density of a Medium

Authors: Vladimir Leonov
Comments: 6 Pages, 2 Figures

The gravity diagram shows a graphical distribution of the quantum density of the medium or gravitational potentials around the nucleon and inside it. The gravitational field of a proton is a gravitational well around a proton. This is a potential well. The presence of a gravitational well at a proton and atomic nucleus was not previously taken into account in the physics of elementary particles and the atomic nucleus. However, the gravitational pit around the atomic nucleus is fundamental in describing the properties of an orbital electron. On the surface of a proton at its gravitational boundary, we observe a jump in the quantum density of the medium. The quantum density of the medium is an analogue of the gravitational potential. However, the processes of deformation of quantized space-time are much more convenient and easier to study by analyzing the change in the quantum density of the medium.
Category: Quantum Physics

[528] viXra:1910.0609 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-29 03:46:19

Valleytronics Quantum States

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 100 Pages.

An international research team led by physicists at the University of California, Riverside, has revealed a new quantum process in valleytronics that can speed up the development of this fairly new technology. [59] Scientists from the University of Bristol and the Technical University of Denmark have found a promising new way to build the next generation of quantum simulators combining light and silicon micro-chips. [58] Researchers at the University of Southampton and the Korea Institute for Advanced Study have recently showed that supersymmetry is anomalous in N=1 superconformal quantum field theories (SCFTs) with an anomalous R symmetry. [57] Researchers at ETH Zurich have developed a method that allows them to characterize the fluctuations in detail. [56] A team of researchers from Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore) and Griffith University in Australia have constructed a prototype quantum device that can generate all possible futures in a simultaneous quantum superposition. [55] Physicists have proposed an entirely new way to test the quantum superposition principle-the idea that a quantum object can exist in multiple states at the same time. [54] Researchers have developed a new device that can measure and control a nanoparticle trapped in a laser beam with unprecedented sensitivity. [53] Researchers have discovered a 'blind spot' in atomic force microscopy-a powerful tool capable of measuring the force between two atoms, imaging the structure of individual cells and the motion of biomolecules. [52] Australian scientists have investigated new directions to scale up qubits-utilising the spin-orbit coupling of atom qubits-adding a new suite of tools to the armory. [51] A team of international researchers led by engineers from the National University of Singapore (NUS) have invented a new magnetic device to manipulate digital information 20 times more efficiently and with 10 times more stability than commercial spintronic digital memories. [50]
Category: Quantum Physics

[527] viXra:1910.0608 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-29 04:13:53

Topological Nanoelectronics

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 45 Pages.

The topological QPC, first implemented at JMU Würzburg, offers an exciting perspective in this respect. [27] A certain kind of material, called a topological insulator, acts partially like one and partially like the other-it behaves like a conductor at its surface and an insulator in its interior. [26] Topological insulators (TIs) host exotic physics that could shed new light on the fundamental laws of nature. [25] A new study by scientists from the University of Bristol brings us a significant step closer to unleashing the revolutionary potential of quantum computing by harnessing silicon fabrication technology to build complex on-chip quantum optical circuits. [24] Two teams of scientists from the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology have collaborated to conduct groundbreaking research leading to the development of a new and innovative scientific field: Quantum Metamaterials. [23] An international team consisting of Russian and German scientists has made a breakthrough in the creation of seemingly impossible materials. They have created the world's first quantum metamaterial that can be used as a control element in superconducting electrical circuits. [22] ETH physicists have developed a silicon wafer that behaves like a topological insulator when stimulated using ultrasound. They have thereby succeeded in turning an abstract theoretical concept into a macroscopic product. [21] Cheng Chin, professor in the Department of Physics, and his team looked at an experimental setup of tens of thousands of atoms cooled down to near absolute zero. As the system crossed a quantum phase transition, they measured its behavior with an extremely sensitive imaging system. [20] Scientists from three UK universities are to test one of the fundamental laws of physics as part of a major Europe-wide project awarded more than £3m in funding. ]19]
Category: Quantum Physics

[526] viXra:1910.0607 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-29 04:32:52

Information Entropies Are Unable to Describe Mental Activities

Authors: Arturo Tozzi
Comments: 3 Pages.

Here we describe how and why information entropy is totally inadequate to assess, describe and quantify the activities of the brain that we term mental functions.
Category: Thermodynamics and Energy

[525] viXra:1910.0606 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-29 04:39:26

Quantum Supremacy Computing

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 71 Pages.

For the first time ever, a quantum computer has performed a computational task that would be essentially impossible for a conventional computer to complete, according to a team from Google. [43] Neill is lead author of the group's new paper, "A blueprint for demonstrating quantum supremacy with superconducting qubits," now published in the journal Science. [42] Physicists at ETH Zurich have now demonstrated an elegant way to relax this intrinsic incompatibility using a mechanical oscillator formed by a single trapped ion, opening up a route for fundamental studies and practical uses alike. [41] Physical experiments were performed by Schiffer's team at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and were funded by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science. [40] Novel insight comes now from experiments and simulations performed by a team led by ETH physicists who have studied electronic transport properties in a one-dimensional quantum wire containing a mesoscopic lattice. [39] Femtosecond lasers are capable of processing any solid material with high quality and high precision using their ultrafast and ultra-intense characteristics. [38] To create the flying microlaser, the researchers launched laser light into a water-filled hollow core fiber to optically trap the microparticle. Like the materials used to make traditional lasers, the microparticle incorporates a gain medium. [37] Lasers that emit ultrashort pulses of light are critical components of technologies, including communications and industrial processing, and have been central to fundamental Nobel Prize-winning research in physics. [36] A newly developed laser technology has enabled physicists in the Laboratory for Attosecond Physics (jointly run by LMU Munich and the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics) to generate attosecond bursts of high-energy photons of unprecedented intensity. [35] The unique platform, which is referred as a 4-D microscope, combines the sensitivity and high time-resolution of phase imaging with the specificity and high spatial resolution of fluorescence microscopy. [34]
Category: Quantum Physics

[524] viXra:1910.0605 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-29 05:07:07

Microswimmers Single Particles and Cells

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 57 Pages.

The ability to precisely transport and position individual cells and microscopic particles in fluids could provide a powerful tool for a wide range of biomedical applications, including targeted drug delivery, nanomedicine and tissue engineering. [31] Developing an efficient delivery system for enhanced and controlled gene interference-based therapeutics is an existing challenge in molecular biology. [30] This fact makes lensless microscopy an ideal tool for medical diagnosis in remote areas since there is no need for the medical doctor to bring and maintain large, heavy and sensitive analysis devices. [29] The Columbia team behind the revolutionary 3-D SCAPE microscope announces today a new version of this high-speed imaging technology. [28] The discovery that protein therapeutics can hijack the HOPS complex to gain access to the cell interior should help scientists design therapeutic proteins to treat diseases that are not adequately treated using other approaches, Schepartz said. [27] DNA regions susceptible to breakage and loss are genetic hot spots for important evolutionary changes, according to a Stanford study. [26] For the English scientists involved, perhaps the most important fact is that their DNA read was about twice as long as the previous record, held by their Australian rivals. [25] Researchers from the University of Chicago have developed a high-throughput RNA sequencing strategy to study the activity of the gut microbiome. [24] Today a large international consortium of researchers published a complex but important HYPERLINK "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0734-6" study looking at how DNA works in animals. [23] Asymmetry plays a major role in biology at every scale: think of DNA spirals, the fact that the human heart is positioned on the left, our preference to use our left or right hand ... [22]
Category: Physics of Biology

[523] viXra:1910.0604 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-29 05:48:03

Energy Transmit with Laser

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 67 Pages.

On one end of the of the testing facility-one of the largest test facilities for model ships in the world-the receiver was converting the laser energy to DC power, which an inverter was turning into AC power to run lights, several laptops, and a coffeemaker that the organizers were using to make coffee for the attendees, or "laser lattes." [38] A new laser-pointing platform developed at MIT may help launch miniature satellites into the high-rate data game. [37] Lasers that emit ultrashort pulses of light are critical components of technologies, including communications and industrial processing, and have been central to fundamental Nobel Prize-winning research in physics. [36] A newly developed laser technology has enabled physicists in the Laboratory for Attosecond Physics (jointly run by LMU Munich and the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics) to generate attosecond bursts of high-energy photons of unprecedented intensity. [35] The unique platform, which is referred as a 4-D microscope, combines the sensitivity and high time-resolution of phase imaging with the specificity and high spatial resolution of fluorescence microscopy. [34] The experiment relied on a soliton frequency comb generated in a chip-based optical microresonator made from silicon nitride. [33] This scientific achievement toward more precise control and monitoring of light is highly interesting for miniaturizing optical devices for sensing and signal processing. [32] It may seem like such optical behavior would require bending the rules of physics, but in fact, scientists at MIT, Harvard University, and elsewhere have now demonstrated that photons can indeed be made to interact-an accomplishment that could open a path toward using photons in quantum computing, if not in light sabers. [31] Optical highways for light are at the heart of modern communications. But when it comes to guiding individual blips of light called photons, reliable transit is far less common. [30] Theoretical physicists propose to use negative interference to control heat flow in quantum devices. [29] Particle physicists are studying ways to harness the power of the quantum realm to further their research. [28]
Category: Quantum Physics

[522] viXra:1910.0602 [pdf] replaced on 2020-12-19 19:42:50

Galilean Transformations of Tensors Преобразования галилеевых тензоров

Authors: Valery Timin
Comments: 18 Pages. In Russian

This paper deals with the orthonormal transformation of the vectors and tensors of the 4-dimensional Galilean space. Such transformations are transformations of rotation and transition to a moving coordinate system. Formulas and matrices of these transformations are given. The transition from one coordinate system to another, moving relative to the first, did long before the theory of relativity. The natural space for "transitions from one coordinate system to another" is the Galilean space. It is the space of classical mechanics. This paper focuses on the 4-dimensional interpretation of such transformations. PS: added materials related to metric tensors in Galilean space. В данной работе рассмотрены вопросы ортонормированного преобразования векторов и тензоров 4-мерного галилеева пространства. Такими преобразованиями являются преобразования поворота и перехода в движущуюся систему координат. Даны формулы и матрицы этих преобразований. ЗЫ: добавлены материалы, связанные с метрическими тензорами в галилеевом пространстве.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[521] viXra:1910.0601 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-29 07:34:13

Light with Intrinsic Chirality

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 57 Pages.

Light is the fastest way to distinguish right-and left-handed chiral molecules, which has important applications in chemistry and biology. [36] Scientists at Tokyo Institute of Technology have fabricated a multiplexer/demultiplexer module based on a property of light that was not being exploited in communications systems: the optical vortex. [35] Optical chips are still some way behind electronic chips, but we're already seeing the results and this research could lead to a complete revolution in computer power. [34] Electronics could work faster if they could read and write data at terahertz frequency, rather than at a few gigahertz. [33] A team of researchers led by the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory has demonstrated a new method for splitting light beams into their frequency modes. [32] Quantum communication, which ensures absolute data security, is one of the most advanced branches of the "second quantum revolution". [31] Researchers at the University of Bristol's Quantum Engineering Technology Labs have demonstrated a new type of silicon chip that can help building and testing quantum computers and could find their way into your mobile phone to secure information. [30] Theoretical physicists propose to use negative interference to control heat flow in quantum devices. [29] Particle physicists are studying ways to harness the power of the quantum realm to further their research. [28] A fundamental barrier to scaling quantum computing machines is "qubit interference." In new research published in Science Advances, engineers and physicists from Rigetti Computing describe a breakthrough that can expand the size of practical quantum processors by reducing interference. [26]
Category: Quantum Physics

[520] viXra:1910.0600 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-29 08:15:41

Light Control Biological Processes

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 54 Pages.

The biological technique of 'optogenetics' uses light to control cells within living tissues that have been genetically modified to be light-sensitive. [35] Not much is known about the course of events leading to Alzheimer’s disease, but the formation of toxic β-amyloid plaques and phosphorylated tau proteins have long been described as major hallmarks of the disease. [34] Neurobiologists Cátia Frias and Corette Wierenga have studied the formation of inhibitory synapses, a complex process that occurs when the brain adapts. Their research uncovered an astonishing link to autism. [33]
Category: Physics of Biology

[519] viXra:1910.0599 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-29 08:41:08

Electromagnetic Duality of Maxwell Theory

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 60 Pages.

Researchers at the Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI) and Tohoku University in Japan have recently identified an anomaly in the electromagnetic duality of Maxwell Theory. [37] Light is the fastest way to distinguish right-and left-handed chiral molecules, which has important applications in chemistry and biology. [36] Scientists at Tokyo Institute of Technology have fabricated a multiplexer/demultiplexer module based on a property of light that was not being exploited in communications systems: the optical vortex. [35] Optical chips are still some way behind electronic chips, but we're already seeing the results and this research could lead to a complete revolution in computer power. [34] Electronics could work faster if they could read and write data at terahertz frequency, rather than at a few gigahertz. [33] A team of researchers led by the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory has demonstrated a new method for splitting light beams into their frequency modes. [32] Quantum communication, which ensures absolute data security, is one of the most advanced branches of the "second quantum revolution". [31] Researchers at the University of Bristol's Quantum Engineering Technology Labs have demonstrated a new type of silicon chip that can help building and testing quantum computers and could find their way into your mobile phone to secure information. [30] Theoretical physicists propose to use negative interference to control heat flow in quantum devices. [29] Particle physicists are studying ways to harness the power of the quantum realm to further their research. [28]
Category: Quantum Physics

[518] viXra:1910.0598 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-29 10:23:01

Antigravity, an Answer to Nature’s Phenomena Including the Expansion of the Universe

Authors: C.K. Gamini Piyadasa
Comments: 13 Pages.

The gravitational attraction force being proportional to the mass has been experimentally shown for several hundred years now, but no gravitational repulsion has been identified within the accepted scientific reasoning. Here, we show that the gravitational repulsion force, similar to the gravitational attraction among particles has also been in existence in nature but, yet to be recognized. The results of experiments are shown in detail and are discussed in the recent series of publications. It is also shown here that this gravitational repulsion force is proportional to the temperature which is an indicator of thermal energy of the particle, similar to the gravitational attraction that is proportional to the mass of the particle. The situations where heavy particles such as iodine, tungsten and thorium in vacuum, moving against gravitational force have already been shown qualitatively. The increase of time-of-fall of water droplets (slowing down of fall) with rise of temperature is also quantitatively discussed. This article discusses two major phenomena, observable in nature; clouds and the expansion of universe, which could be more preciously explained by the concept of antigravity.
Category: Classical Physics

[517] viXra:1910.0597 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-29 10:51:31

Facial Expression Analysis by K-Means Clustering on Fiducial Points of Face

Authors: Previte Modesto, Saul Reitano
Comments: 5 Pages.

Human beings produce thousands of facial actions and emotions in a single day. These come up while communicating with someone and at times even when alone. These expressions vary in complexity, intensity, and meaning. This paper proposes a novel method to predict what emotion is being expressed by analyzing the face. The algorithm, because of the speed of execution, could also be used for micro expression analysis. 11 fiducial points are taken on the image after a face recognition algorithm is used. 7 classes of images are formed. These classes are the main expressions: sadness, happiness, anger, fear, disgust, surprise and neutral. Training is done by studying the relationship between the fiducial points for each class of image. Using this relationship a new image is classified by making use of the k-means algorithm.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[516] viXra:1910.0596 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-28 11:20:04

Steps for Transparent Electronics

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 77 Pages.

A submicrometer-thin mesh of silver nanowires—that is transparent to light, highly electrically conductive, flexible and stretchable, and simple to make—has been developed by researchers at KAUST. [46] Transparent electronics are the future, according to researchers including José A. Flores-Livas and Miglė Graužinytė from the research group headed by Stefan Goedecker, Professor of Computational Physics at the University of Basel. [45]
Category: Condensed Matter

[515] viXra:1910.0592 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-28 19:09:30

Why Mercury Day Period = 2 Mercury Orbital Periods = 3 Mercury Rotation Periods? (Theoretical Analysis)

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 4 Pages.

The paper title provides a clear question… and I wish to provide the answer directly Why Mercury Day Period =2 Mercury orbital periods =3 Mercury rotation periods? Because 1-Mercury moves during its Day Period (175.94 solar days) a distance = 720.7 mkm= Mercury Jupiter Distance 2-In Jupiter full revolution around the sun (360 degrees) the distance 720.7 mkm is seen 2 times along Jupiter orbital diameter – that means – a distance = 1441.4 mkm – and Mercury moves this distance in 2 Mercury Days (=351.9 solar days) 3-We know that – the solar system is one building each planet is a part of it – and the solar system moves as a train (all carriages move together) – similar to that all planets move together in one unified motion – the planets velocities difference doesn't disprove this idea because planets velocities are complementary to each to produce one unified general motion as any machine of gears 4-The solar system moves (All Planets Together) a distance = 1433.5 mkm = Saturn orbital distance Per A Solar Day 5-So Mercury Motion Distance during 2 Mercury Days = The Solar System motion distance in 1 Solar Day – that supports the claim "2 Mercury Days Are Used To Produce 1 Solar Day"(Please review Mercury Day Period (Short Discussion) (I &II) (The Links are In Paper References) i.e. 6-Mercury moves during 2 Mercury days (=351.9 solar days) a distance =Saturn Orbital Distance =1433.5 7-We have agreed that – Uranus Orbital Distance is created as 2 days of the solar system motion – and we have suggested that – the solar system geometry building needs 2 days of the solar system motion – means – needs 2872.5 mkm = Uranus Orbital Distance – and to pass 2872.5 mkm Mercury has to move along 4 Mercury Days period (703.76 solar days) 8-Again in full revolution Uranus orbital distance is used 2 times along Uranus orbital diameter where the total distance = 2872.5 mkm x 2 = 5745 mkm – to pass this distance Mercury has to move a long 8 Mercury Days (1407.6 solar days) 9-Mercury rotation period = 1407.6 hours! What’s going on here?!!
Category: Astrophysics

[514] viXra:1910.0591 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-28 02:58:48

Deformation Vector D of Quantum Density is the Basis of Quantum Gravity

Authors: Vladimir Leonov
Comments: 5 Pages

The fact of unification the general theory of relativity (GR) and quantum theory takes place in the theory of Superunification. The Standard Model (SM) is an imperfect model of physics that is incapable of unification with gravity. Physicists have been searching for a new particle such as graviton, strings, Higgs boson and others particles to create the Superunification for many decades. But they could not do this. It was a difficult task and I solved it. I made the theory of Superunification [1]. Quanton is a new four-dimensional particle of time and space which forms the basis of the theory of Superunification. The quantum density of a medium is the concentration of quantons in a unit volume of quantized space-time. The deformation (Einstein's curvature) of quantized space-time is the basis of gravity. The deformation vector D of the quantum density of the medium determines the magnitude and direction of gravitational forces. Gravity occurs when there is a gradient of the quantum density of the medium inside the quantized space-time. The gradient of the quantum density of the medium characterizes the strength of the gravitational field and is described by the deformation vector D. This concerns the creation of artificial gravity (antigravity) forces in the development of non-reactive quantum engines for space. My company has created several types of Leonov's quantum engines that have been successfully tested. The test results of quantum engines were formalized in a protocol and published in scientific journals [1, 2, 3]. A quantum engine is 100 times more efficient than a liquid-propellant rocket engine (LRE). We see the triumph of the theory of Superunification.
Category: Quantum Physics

[513] viXra:1910.0590 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-28 04:49:59

Mysterious Microproteins

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 50 Pages.

As the tools to study biology improve, researchers are beginning to uncover details into microproteins, small components that appear to be key to some cellular processes, including those involved with cancer. [34] These will then produce the proteins themselves, without the cell functions being disturbed: cells, structures or their activities thus become visible under the microscope. [33] Measuring optical blood flow in the resting human brain to detect spontaneous activity has for the first time been demonstrated by Wright State University imaging researchers, holding out promise for a better way to study people with autism, Alzheimer's and depression. [32]
Category: Physics of Biology

[512] viXra:1910.0589 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-28 05:07:32

Rhomboid Protease in Action

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 51 Pages.

Rhomboid proteases are clinically relevant membrane proteins that play a key role in various diseases. [35] As the tools to study biology improve, researchers are beginning to uncover details into microproteins, small components that appear to be key to some cellular processes, including those involved with cancer. [34] These will then produce the proteins themselves, without the cell functions being disturbed: cells, structures or their activities thus become visible under the microscope. [33] Measuring optical blood flow in the resting human brain to detect spontaneous activity has for the first time been demonstrated by Wright State University imaging researchers, holding out promise for a better way to study people with autism, Alzheimer's and depression. [32]
Category: Physics of Biology

[511] viXra:1910.0588 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-28 05:40:42

Material Resistant to Radioactivity

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 38 Pages.

This scientific-technological advance will make it possible to provide a cheap, ultra-resistant material for the design of planes, cars and other means of transport. In addition, B6C is also ultra-resistant to radioactivity. [23] Scientists at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore) have developed a technique to observe how radiation damages molecules over time frames of just one quadrillionth of a second-or a femtosecond. [22] DNA forensics is a powerful tool, yet it presents a computational scaling problem when it is improved and expanded for complex samples (those containing DNA from more than one individual) and kinship analysis. [21] In a surprising marriage of science and art, researchers at MIT have developed a system for converting the molecular structures of proteins, the basic building blocks of all living beings, into audible sound that resembles musical passages. [20] Inspired by ideas from the physics of phase transitions and polymer physics, researchers in the Divisions of Physical and Biological Sciences at UC San Diego set out specifically to determine the organization of DNA inside the nucleus of a living cell. [19] Scientists from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland are using neutrons at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to capture new information about DNA and RNA molecules and enable more accurate computer simulations of how they interact with everything from proteins to viruses. [18] The DNA molecules are chiral, which means they can exist in two forms which are mirror images, like a left and right hand. The phenomenon was dubbed "chiral induced spin selectivity" (CISS), and over the last few years, several experiments were published allegedly showing this CISS effect, even in electronic devices. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15]
Category: Condensed Matter

[510] viXra:1910.0587 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-28 05:57:21

Fictitious Forces, Inertial Forces and Mach's Principle (Ii)

Authors: Wenceslao Segura González
Comments: 15 Pages.

According to the principle dynamic equilibrium, we understand the force of inertia is a force that acts on whatever body that accelerated with respect to an inertial frame. It is, therefore, a real force, observed in whatever reference frame. We identify this force with force gravitational induction produced by the whole of the Universe. Therefore, the Universe is an inertial reference frame. In developing the theory, we find that the gravitational induction force produced by the entire Universe is proportional to acceleration and in the opposite sense, as is the force of inertia. In making this identification, we find that the inertial and gravitational mass are proportional, with a coefficient of proportionality depending on the cosmic time.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[509] viXra:1910.0586 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-28 06:26:17

Ramanujan and Hardy's Mathematics: New Possible Mathematical Connections with Some Sectors of Particle Physics and a Possible Theoretical Value of Dark Matter Mass

Authors: Michele Nardelli, Antonio Nardelli
Comments: 73 Pages.

In this research thesis, we have described some new mathematical connections between Hardy and Ramanujan mathematics and some sectors of Particle Physics and a possible theoretical value of Dark Matter mass
Category: Mathematical Physics

[508] viXra:1910.0585 [pdf] replaced on 2020-03-30 06:29:21

Complete Emptiness might be the Dark Energy

Authors: ‪Moshe Segal‬‏
Comments: 28 Pages.

This article analyzes the concept of Complete Emptiness from new surprising angles and presents the surprising conclusion that it might be that there is no such thing as Complete Emptiness. The study starts by trying to answer the following question: is it possible to detect the energy embedded in a Null electromagnetic traveling wave, which is an electromagnetic traveling wave that does not contain any electric or magnetic fields at all. The article describes how to create such a Null electromagnetic traveling wave from two normal electromagnetic traveling waves, which do contain electric and magnetic fields, which collide and following their collision consolidate and unify and continue to travel together in the same direction. In three different proposed experiments of producing a Null, or a partly Null electromagnetic traveling waves, examined in the study, energy loss in the process was observed, which seems as a violation of the energy conservation principle. The main part of this study is the development of the "Energy Pair Theory" (EPT) that explained the above energy loss by the central idea of this theory that certain energies can be accumulated and stored as "Energy Pairs" that exist but disable each other, and therefore, the energy that is accumulated in the pairs exists but is undetectable or untraceable. Further, the article examines the well-known Dark Energy untraceable energy in the EPT framework, and concludes that this energy might be a space in the universe where Energy Pairs reside. Finally, the article examines the well-known observations of electron positron collision (known also as electron positron annihilation) to produce a Gamma Photon, and the reversed process of a Gamma Photon producing electron and positron (known also as pair production), in the EPT framework, and comes to the unexpected conclusion that electric charge is a form of energy, or in other words the entities of charge and energy are actually equated, as mass is recognized of being energy. This implies that the only distinct entity in Nature is Energy. This surprising and revolutionary conclusion has many future implications in both scientific research and technology. The article also uses the EPT framework to explain other energy conservation issues, and derives the surprising conclusion that the Space itself might be Energy, because Energy Pairs might be equated with the location in Space where they reside. This seems to bring back the old concept of Aether. However, this new version of Aether is supported by requirements from the General Relativity Theory, which do require an Aether like medium. To summarize, the surprising conclusion of this article is that it might be that there is no such thing as Complete Emptiness, that Complete Emptiness is actually locations in Space that contain untraceable Energy Pairs which might also be the untraceable Dark Energy, and that the Space itself is composed of Energy Pairs, and thus, might be a form of Energy.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[507] viXra:1910.0584 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-28 07:00:07

Neural Networks Detect DNA Damage

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 31 Pages.

Researchers at Tomsk Polytechnic University jointly with the University of Chemistry and Technology (Prague) conducted a series of experiments which proved that artificial neural networks can accurately identify DNA damage caused by UV radiation. [20] Computer scientists at Carnegie Mellon University say neural networks and supervised machine learning techniques can efficiently characterize cells that have been studied using single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq). [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[506] viXra:1910.0583 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-28 07:21:47

Electrospun Medical Innovations

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 42 Pages.

When you visit Andrew Steckl's lab at the University of Cincinnati, you see a nondescript glass box that weaves together different fibers. [24] This scientific-technological advance will make it possible to provide a cheap, ultra-resistant material for the design of planes, cars and other means of transport. In addition, B6C is also ultra-resistant to radioactivity. [23] Scientists at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore) have developed a technique to observe how radiation damages molecules over time frames of just one quadrillionth of a second-or a femtosecond. [22] DNA forensics is a powerful tool, yet it presents a computational scaling problem when it is improved and expanded for complex samples (those containing DNA from more than one individual) and kinship analysis. [21] In a surprising marriage of science and art, researchers at MIT have developed a system for converting the molecular structures of proteins, the basic building blocks of all living beings, into audible sound that resembles musical passages. [20] Inspired by ideas from the physics of phase transitions and polymer physics, researchers in the Divisions of Physical and Biological Sciences at UC San Diego set out specifically to determine the organization of DNA inside the nucleus of a living cell. [19] Scientists from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland are using neutrons at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to capture new information about DNA and RNA molecules and enable more accurate computer simulations of how they interact with everything from proteins to viruses. [18] The DNA molecules are chiral, which means they can exist in two forms which are mirror images, like a left and right hand. The phenomenon was dubbed "chiral induced spin selectivity" (CISS), and over the last few years, several experiments were published allegedly showing this CISS effect, even in electronic devices. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15]
Category: Physics of Biology

[505] viXra:1910.0581 [pdf] replaced on 2020-12-10 09:02:01

Equilibriums in the Planet Atmospheres [Равновесия в атмосферах планет]

Authors: Dmitry Vatolin
Comments: 17 Pages. In Russian

An effective method for deriving and analyzing the equations of gas dynamics is found, which does not depend on therate of kinetic and thermodynamic processes in the gas. The heat flux is correctly determined. Equilibria are found inwhich, in the absence of mass winds, the Maxwellian distribution is violated.[Найден эффективный метод вывода и анализа уравнений газовой динамики, не зависящий от скоростипротекания кинетических и термодинамических процессов в газе. Правильно определён тепловой поток.Найдены равновесия, в которых, при отсутствии ветров масс, нарушено максвеллово распределение.]
Category: Thermodynamics and Energy

[504] viXra:1910.0580 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-28 08:17:00

Optical Regimes using Spin Currents

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 28 Pages.

A University of Wyoming researcher and his team have shown that the spin Seebeck effect (SSE) can be used to detect light across a broad optical range-ultraviolet through visible to near-infrared. [19] Particles can exchange their spin, and in this way spin currents can be formed in a material. [18] Researchers have shown that certain superconductors-materials that carry electrical current with zero resistance at very low temperatures-can also carry currents of 'spin'. [17] The first known superconductor in which spin-3/2 quasiparticles form Cooper pairs has been created by physicists in the US and New Zealand. [16] Now a team of researchers from the University of Maryland (UMD) Department of Physics together with collaborators has seen exotic superconductivity that relies on highly unusual electron interactions. [15] A group of researchers from institutions in Korea and the United States has determined how to employ a type of electron microscopy to cause regions within an iron-based superconductor to flip between superconducting and non-superconducting states. [14] In new research, scientists at the University of Minnesota used a first-of-its-kind device to demonstrate a way to control the direction of the photocurrent without deploying an electric voltage. [13] Brown University researchers have demonstrated for the first time a method of substantially changing the spatial coherence of light. [12] Researchers at the University of Central Florida have generated what is being deemed the fastest light pulse ever developed. [11] Physicists at Chalmers University of Technology and Free University of Brussels have now found a method to significantly enhance optical force. [10] Nature Communications today published research by a team comprising Scottish and South African researchers, demonstrating entanglement swapping and teleportation of orbital angular momentum 'patterns' of light. [9] While physicists are continually looking for ways to unify the theory of relativity, which describes large-scale phenomena, with quantum theory, which describes small-scale phenomena, computer scientists are searching for technologies to build the quantum computer using Quantum Information. In August 2013, the achievement of "fully deterministic" quantum teleportation, using a hybrid technique, was reported. On 29 May 2014, scientists announced a reliable way of transferring data by quantum teleportation. Quantum teleportation of data had been done before but with highly unreliable methods. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to build the Quantum Computer with the help of Quantum Information.
Category: Quantum Physics

[503] viXra:1910.0578 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-28 08:51:06

Unsupervised Decomposition of Multi-Author Document

Authors: Kautsya Kanu, Sayantan Sengupta
Comments: 4 Pages.

This paper proposes an improvement over a paper[A generic unsupervised methods for decomposing multi-author documents, N. Akiva and M. Koppel 2013]. We have worked on two aspects, In the first aspect, we try to capture writing style of author by ngram model of words, POS Tags and PQ Gram model of syntactic parsing over used basic uni-gram model. In the second aspect, we added some layers of refinements in existing baseline model and introduce new term ”similarity index” to distinguish between pure and mixed segments before unsupervised labeling. Similarity index uses overall and sudden change of writing style by PQ Gram model and words used using n-gram model between lexicalised/unlexicalised sentences in segments for refinement. In this paper, we investigate the role of feature selection that captures the syntactic patterns specific to an author and its overall effect in the final accuracy of the baseline system. More specifically, we insert a layer of refinement to the baseline system and define a threshold based on the similarity measure among the sentences to consider the purity of the segments to be given as input to the GMM.The key idea of our approach is to provide theGMMclustering with the ”good segments” so that the clustering precision is maximised which is then used as labels to train a classifier. We also try different features set like bigrams and trigrams of POS tags and an PQ Grams based feature on unlexicalised PCFG to capture the distinct writing styles which is then given as an input to a GMM trained by iterative EM algorithm to generate good clusters of the segments of the merged document.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[502] viXra:1910.0577 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-28 09:14:35

Mercury Day Period (Short Discussion) (Part II)

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 10 Pages.

We complete our discussion in the previous paper let's summarize its conclusion Previous Paper Conclusion -Before matter creation, the universe was created of light beam its velocity=1.16 mkm/sec -The light supposed velocity (1.16 mkm/sec) is the origin source of energy from which the matter and light known velocity (0.3mkm/sec) were created -In some interaction (or coherence) process light supposed velocity (1.16 mkm/sec) was the only input and the output were light known velocity (0.3mkm/sec) and the matters – this interaction (coherence) process is occurred above Earth Axis – that means Earth was the First Matter is created in the universe. -Because the motions are motions of light beams (different velocities of light) so the time and distance values simply are exchangeable with each other – that's why the equal values can be used in time or distance units… Previous Paper Question "Why Mercury Day Period =175.94 Solar Days?"
Category: Astrophysics

[501] viXra:1910.0576 [pdf] replaced on 2020-06-10 10:24:18

Some Problems about the CP Violation in the Neutral Kaon Decay

Authors: Ting-Hang Pei
Comments: 8 Pages.

The CP violation concluded from the neutral Kaon decays in 1964 causes our curiosity about whether it is true or not. The experimentally observed particles are thought to be the short-lived K1 and long-lived K2 mesons as mentioned in 1964, not K_1^0 and K_2^0, the two eigenstates of CP. According to the conservation of CP, K_1^0 is responsible for the 2π decay and K_2^0 for the 3π. In the 1964 explanation, the short-lived K1 was thought to decay totally and only the long-lived K2 was survival after traveling 57 feet. Then the conclusion considered K2 to be the superposition of both K_1^0 and K_2^0 states so it claimed to reveal the CP violation on K2. However, the so-called CP violation doesn’t take place on K_2^0 because the 2π decay events are indeed originated from K_1^0 and K_2^0 is responsible for the 3π-decay events. The observations of the 2π-decay events in K2 indicate that it contains K_1^0 component. In our explanation, the experimentally observed particles shall be K_1^0 and K_2^0, not K1 and K2. As long as the K_1^0’s energy is large enough, it can move a very long distance before decay. This situation is like muon passing through a much long distance to reach the Earth and then take place decay. We also demonstrate a case that the survival probability of the K_1^0 meson traveling 57 feet is about 2.41x10^-3, close to the branching ratio about 2x10^-3 of the two-body decay of the neutral K2 meson exhibited in 1964 (Ref. 2). If so, the CP violation really doesn’t take place in the neutral Kaon decay. Besides, the estimations of the K_1^0’s and K_2^0’s average lifetimes have to include the data in 1964 which may lead to significant corrections.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[500] viXra:1910.0575 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-28 09:55:05

Dark Matter Puzzle Piece

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 41 Pages.

The CASPEr team is developing special nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques, each targeted at a specific frequency range and therefore at a specific range of dark-matter particle masses. [27] This week, scientists from around the world who gathered at the University of California, Los Angeles, at the Dark Matter 2018 Symposium learned of new results in the search for evidence of the elusive material in Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) by the DarkSide-50 detector. [26] If they exist, axions, among the candidates for dark matter particles, could interact with the matter comprising the universe, but at a much weaker extent than previously theorized. New, rigorous constraints on the properties of axions have been proposed by an international team of scientists. [25] The intensive, worldwide search for dark matter, the missing mass in the universe, has so far failed to find an abundance of dark, massive stars or scads of strange new weakly interacting particles, but a new candidate is slowly gaining followers and observational support. [24] "We invoke a different theory, the self-interacting dark matter model or SIDM, to show that dark matter self-interactions thermalize the inner halo, which ties ordinary dark matter and dark matter distributions together so that they behave like a collective unit." [23] Technology proposed 30 years ago to search for dark matter is finally seeing the light. [22] They're looking for dark matter-the stuff that theoretically makes up a quarter of our universe. [21] Results from its first run indicate that XENON1T is the most sensitive dark matter detector on Earth. [20]
Category: Astrophysics

[499] viXra:1910.0574 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-28 10:25:19

Lensless Medical Microscope

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 49 Pages.

This fact makes lensless microscopy an ideal tool for medical diagnosis in remote areas since there is no need for the medical doctor to bring and maintain large, heavy and sensitive analysis devices. [29] The Columbia team behind the revolutionary 3-D SCAPE microscope announces today a new version of this high-speed imaging technology. [28] The discovery that protein therapeutics can hijack the HOPS complex to gain access to the cell interior should help scientists design therapeutic proteins to treat diseases that are not adequately treated using other approaches, Schepartz said. [27] DNA regions susceptible to breakage and loss are genetic hot spots for important evolutionary changes, according to a Stanford study. [26] For the English scientists involved, perhaps the most important fact is that their DNA read was about twice as long as the previous record, held by their Australian rivals. [25] Researchers from the University of Chicago have developed a high-throughput RNA sequencing strategy to study the activity of the gut microbiome. [24] Today a large international consortium of researchers published a complex but important HYPERLINK "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0734-6" study looking at how DNA works in animals. [23] Asymmetry plays a major role in biology at every scale: think of DNA spirals, the fact that the human heart is positioned on the left, our preference to use our left or right hand ... [22] Scientists reveal how a 'molecular machine' in bacterial cells prevents fatal DNA twisting, which could be crucial in the development of new antibiotic treatments. [21] In new research, Hao Yan of Arizona State University and his colleagues describe an innovative DNA HYPERLINK "https://phys.org/tags/walker/" walker, capable of rapidly traversing a prepared track. [20]
Category: Physics of Biology

[498] viXra:1910.0573 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-28 10:55:46

Gene Silencing and Transformation

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 55 Pages.

Developing an efficient delivery system for enhanced and controlled gene interference-based therapeutics is an existing challenge in molecular biology. [30] This fact makes lensless microscopy an ideal tool for medical diagnosis in remote areas since there is no need for the medical doctor to bring and maintain large, heavy and sensitive analysis devices. [29] The Columbia team behind the revolutionary 3-D SCAPE microscope announces today a new version of this high-speed imaging technology. [28] The discovery that protein therapeutics can hijack the HOPS complex to gain access to the cell interior should help scientists design therapeutic proteins to treat diseases that are not adequately treated using other approaches, Schepartz said. [27] DNA regions susceptible to breakage and loss are genetic hot spots for important evolutionary changes, according to a Stanford study. [26] For the English scientists involved, perhaps the most important fact is that their DNA read was about twice as long as the previous record, held by their Australian rivals. [25] Researchers from the University of Chicago have developed a high-throughput RNA sequencing strategy to study the activity of the gut microbiome. [24] Today a large international consortium of researchers published a complex but important HYPERLINK "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0734-6" study looking at how DNA works in animals. [23] Asymmetry plays a major role in biology at every scale: think of DNA spirals, the fact that the human heart is positioned on the left, our preference to use our left or right hand ... [22] Scientists reveal how a 'molecular machine' in bacterial cells prevents fatal DNA twisting, which could be crucial in the development of new antibiotic treatments. [21] In new research, Hao Yan of Arizona State University and his colleagues describe an innovative DNA HYPERLINK "https://phys.org/tags/walker/" walker, capable of rapidly traversing a prepared track. [20]
Category: Physics of Biology

[497] viXra:1910.0572 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-27 14:02:17

Gastric Perforation by Fish Bone Case Report (Published in the Canadian Journal of Biomedical Research and Technology [CJBRT] 2019; Volume 2, Issue 2

Authors: Pedro Monsalve
Comments: 5 Pages.

The ingestion of foreign bodies is usually accidental and asymptomatic due to the non-specificity of the symptoms, it is observed more frequently in patients with psychiatric illnesses, children and elderly people.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[496] viXra:1910.0571 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-27 15:46:20

Snowball Earth and Stellar Metamorphosis

Authors: Jeffrey Joseph Wolynski
Comments: 2 Pages.

The multiple glaciations on the Earth in the General Theory are caused by orbit changes. In short, the Earth did not always orbit the Sun, it orbited other stars in the past. The Sun is far too young, at ~100 million years old to have hosted the Earth at ~4.5-10 billion years old, for Earth's entire evolutionary sequence. This fact of nature is brought to the forefront, we are dealing with a transitionary star system, and have misplaced Sun-like stars as being as evolved as Earth-like stars.
Category: Astrophysics

[495] viXra:1910.0568 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-27 18:08:55

Sentiment Classification Over Brazilian Supreme Court Decisions Using Multi-Channel CNN

Authors: Marcus Oliveira da Silva
Comments: 11 Pages.

Sentiment analysis seeks to identify the viewpoint(s) underlying a text document; In this paper, we present the use of a multichannel convolutional neural network which, in effect, creates a model that reads text with different n-gram sizes, to predict with good accuracy sentiments behind the decisions issued by the Brazilian Supreme Court, even with a very imbalanced dataset we show that a simple multichannel CNN with little to zero hyperparameter tuning and word vectors, tuned on network training, achieves excellent results on the Brazilian Supreme Court data. We report results of 97% accuracy and 84% average F1- score in predicting multiclass sentiment dimensions. We also compared the results with classical classification machine learning models like Naive Bayes and SVM.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[494] viXra:1910.0567 [pdf] replaced on 2019-12-14 00:10:54

Proof of the Riemann Hypothesis [final Edition]

Authors: Toshiro Takami
Comments: 6 Pages.

Up to now, I have tried to expand this equation and prove Riemann hypothesis with the equation of cos, sin, but the proof was impossible. However, I realized that a simple formula before expansion can prove it. The real value is zero only when the real part of s is 1/2. Non-trivial zeros must always have a real value of zero. The real part of s being 1/2 is the minimum requirement for s to be a non-trivial zeros.
Category: General Mathematics

[493] viXra:1910.0566 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-27 21:24:25

A Barometrically Isolated Differential Calorimeter with Micro-Kelvin Resolution: a Feasibility Study for the Investigation of Non-Local Thermal Effects in Early “Ether Drift” Interferometers

Authors: Simon WW Manley
Comments: 12 Pages.

Micro-kelvin resolution of temperature measurement in atmospheric gas is shown to be achievable provided the sample is isolated thermally, electrically and barometrically from the environment. Such high-resolution measures should permit the investigation of thermal effects mediating the small signal residuals seen in historical data from ether-drift interferometers. The proposal of Consoli & Pluchino (2018) that small thermal gradients may result from a non-local effect brings the discussion into the framework of contemporary quantum physics and distances it from the discredited notions which motivated the original experiments.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[492] viXra:1910.0565 [pdf] replaced on 2019-10-28 19:05:17

On Prime Numbers⑭(DefinitionⅧ)

Authors: Yuji Masuda
Comments: 1 Page.

This is collaboration.
Category: Number Theory

[491] viXra:1910.0564 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-27 23:35:16

Derivation of Born's Rule as a Limiting Case of the Relative Frequency of Detection Using Single-Quamtum Events

Authors: N Gurappa
Comments: 18 pages, 1 figure, this paper is a completely rewritten version of the first part of the paper viXra:1908.0538

A new 'wave-particle non-dualistic interpretation of quantum mechanics at a single-quantum level' is presented by interpreting the Schrödinger wave function as an 'instantaneous resonant spatial mode' (IRSM) to which a quantum is confined and moves akin to the case of a test particle in the curved space-time of the general theory of relativity. This union of the wave and particle natures into a single entity is termed as non-duality. Using quantum formalism, the IRSM is shown to induce dual-vectors at the boundaries and interacts according to the inner-product. The overall phase associated with the state vector, which never contributes to the inner-product, is related to a particular eigenstate of an observable where the particle resides. This eigenstate becomes the natural outcome during observation of a single-quantum's single event. Observation over a large number of identical quanta, differing only by overall phases, results in the relative frequency of detection which yields Born's rule as a limiting case proving the absence of measurement problem in quantum mechanics. The non-duality not only provides the actual mechanism for the 'wave function collapse' but also statistically becomes equivalent to the Copenhagen interpretation. An explicit derivation for the Born rule using individual quantum events is provided by considering an example of spin-1/2 particles in the Stern-Gerlach experiment. In this regard, a generalized representation for the SU (2) algebra, facilitating the description of single-quantum events, is constructed without any deviations from the quantum formalism.
Category: Quantum Physics

[490] viXra:1910.0563 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-27 02:56:14

A^x + B^y = C^z Part 1: my Theorem

Authors: Quang Nguyen Van
Comments: 3 Pages.

Adding to the known partial results, two famous Math problems : Beal conjecture and Fermat - Catalan conjecture are proved by one theorem -QS theorem that we propose in this article, and also means that the elementary proof of FLt has been found.
Category: Number Theory

[489] viXra:1910.0562 [pdf] replaced on 2021-01-17 12:30:09

Space and the Dark Energy in the Energy Pairs Theory Framework

Authors: Moshe Segal
Comments: 19 Pages. [Corrections made to conform with the requirements on the Replacement Form and replacement above five granted by viXra Admin]

This study's aim was to investigate the Energy embedded in electric and magnetic fields in Space. A detailed analysis has shown that in every point of Space, and all the time, electric and magnetic fields annihilate each other, so that their embedded Energy at any point in Space seems to violate the "Energy Conservation Principle". The novel "Energy Pairs Theory" was used to resolve this problem. The Energy Pairs Theory's, central idea is that pairs of certain Energies, such as the energies embedded in electric or magnetic fields, can be accumulated and stored together in a state called:"Energy Pair", where they disable each other from being detectable so that they exist but cannot be detected. Thus, "Energy Pairs" constitute a type of energy called: Untraceable Energy. The analysis entailed some revolutionary conclusions: (1) Each point of Space consists of a dynamic mixture of two types of Energy: traceable energy and untraceable "Energy Pairs". Thus, Space is not 'Emptiness'; Rather, Space is Energy! (2) The unexplained Dark Energy is likely to be composed of the untraceable "Energy Pairs" in Space. This study shows that the Energy Pairs in Space constitute about twice the amount of the traceable energy of Space, which provides evidence that is, in good compatibility, with the cosmologists' evaluations that the Dark Energy makes up about 70% of the Energy in Space. The unification of Space with Energy, concluded in this study, complies also with the requirement of Einstein's General Relativity Theory that Space must be composed of some 'substance', such as Aether, to provide physical properties to the Space/Time entity.Thus, the Energy Pairs Theory might also turn to be a connecting link between Electromagnetism and Gravitation.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[488] viXra:1910.0561 [pdf] replaced on 2019-11-05 03:36:48

An Inconsistency in Modern Physics and a Simple Solution

Authors: Espen Gaarder Haug
Comments: 9 Pages.

In this paper, we will point out an important inconsistency in modern physics. When relativistic momentum and relativistic energy are combined with key concepts around Planck momentum and Planck energy, we find an inconsistency that has not been shown before. The inconsistency seems to be rooted in the fact that momentum, as defined today, is linked to the de Broglie wavelength. By rewriting the momentum equation in the form of the Compton wavelength instead, we get a consistent theory. This has a series of implications for physics and cosmology.
Category: Quantum Physics

[487] viXra:1910.0560 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-27 07:22:45

Non-Negative in Value, but Absolute in Function by a Magnum and Parabolin—the Cogent Value Function

Authors: William F. Gilreath
Comments: 34 Pages. Published in the General Science Journal

The absolute value function is a fundamental mathematical concept taught in elementary algebra. In differential calculus, the absolute value function has certain well-known mathematical properties that are often used to illustrate such concepts of—a continuous function, differentiability or the existence of a derivative, the limit, and etcetera. An alternative to the classical definition of absolute value is given to define a new function that is mathematically equivalent to the absolute value, yet the different mathematically. This new mathematical formalism, the cogent value function, does not have the same mathematical properties of the absolute value function. Two other new mathematical functions are used in the definition of the cogent value function—the parabolin function, and the magnum function. The cogent value function and the absolute value function have the same domain and range, but both are mathematically very different. The cogent value function demonstrates that the same mathematical concept when formally defined by an alternative method has different mathematical properties. The functions by operation are mathematically similar, but in mathematical formalism each is unique.
Category: General Mathematics

[486] viXra:1910.0559 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-27 07:25:40

Instruction Set Completeness Theorem: Concept, Relevance, Proof, and Example for Processor Architecture

Authors: William F. Gilreath
Comments: 22 Pages. Published in the General Science Journal

The Instruction Set Completeness Theorem is first formally defined and discussed in the seminal work on one-instruction set computing—the book Computer Architecture: A Minimalist Perspective. Yet the original formalism of the Instruction Set Completeness Theorem did not provide a definitive, explicit mathematical proof of completeness, analyze both singular and plural instruction sets that were either complete or incomplete, nor examine the significance of the theorem to computer architecture instruction sets. A mathematical proof of correctness shows the equivalence of the Instruction Set Completeness Theorem to a Turing machine, a hypothetical model of computation, and thereby establishes the mathematical truth of the Instruction Set Completeness Theorem. With a more detailed examination of the Instruction Set Completeness Theorem develops several surprising conclusions for both the instruction set completeness theorem, and the instruction sets for a computer architecture.
Category: Set Theory and Logic

[485] viXra:1910.0558 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-27 07:27:30

Division by Zero Fallacies Using Transmathematics

Authors: William F. Gilreath
Comments: 10 Pages. Published in the General Science Journal

Three fallacies that illustrate why division by zero is frequently considered undefined operation are examined. The example fallacies consider the unique case of zero divided by zero. Two examples are fallacies of equality, and the other is an example of ambiguity in the solution for an equation. These fallacies are examined using the transmathematic number nullity F. By utilizing nullity, division by zero is no longer an undefined or indeterminate operation, but a consistent, well-defined operation in arithmetic.
Category: Number Theory

[484] viXra:1910.0557 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-27 07:49:52

The Universe Should Not Actually Exist, CERN Scientists Discover

Authors: Vladimir Leonov
Comments: 24 Pages

CERN scientists cannot explain the absence of antimatter in the universe (Nature) [1]. An analysis of the methods of their experiments is not theoretically substantiated. They do not know the structure of the proton and antiproton. They measure the magnetism of proton and antiproton with the highest accuracy. But they did not find a difference in the magnetic properties of these particles. But they make strange statements to the media: “The Universe Should Not Actually Exist” [2]. But the universe existed and will exist regardless of the results of the CERN experiments. This only confirms the fact that these experiments are not theoretically substantiated. Scientists at CERN are required to study the theory of Superunification [3, 4] in order to correctly conduct their experiments. They need to know that in nature there is no antimatter but there is a quantized space-time that is characterized by electromagnetic symmetry [5] and electrical asymmetry [6]. All the diversity of animate and inanimate nature in the universe is determined by only four quarks: two electrical ±e and two magnetic ±g [3, 4].
Category: Quantum Physics

[483] viXra:1910.0556 [pdf] replaced on 2019-10-28 01:53:49

Modus Inversus – if (Premise is False) Then (Conclusion is False)

Authors: Ilija Barukčić
Comments: 9 Pages.

Objective: When theorems or theories are falsified by a formal prove or by observations et cetera, authors respond many times by different and sometimes inappropriate counter-measures. Even if the pressure by which we are forced to believe in different theories although there are already predictively superior rivals to turn to may be very high, a clear scientific methodology should be able to help us to assure the demarcation between science and pseudoscience. Methods: Karl Popper’s (1902-1994) falsificationist methodology is one of the many approaches to the problem of the demarcation between scientific and non-scientific theories but relies as such too much only on modus tollens and is in fact purely one-eyed. Results: Modus inversus is illustrated in more detail in order to identify non-scientific claims as soon as possible and to help authors not to hide to long behind a lot of self-contradictory and sometimes highly abstract, even mathematical stuff. Conclusions: Modus inversus prevents us from accepting seemingly contradictory theorems or rules in science. Keywords: Science, non-science, modus inversus. E-Mail: Barukcic@t-online.de
Category: Set Theory and Logic

[482] viXra:1910.0555 [pdf] replaced on 2020-10-18 15:37:15

Relations for Massive Spinors

Authors: Clemens Heuson
Comments: 8 Pages.

Recently introduced massive spinors are written as 2-vectors consisting of two massless spinors with opposite helicities. With this notation a couple of relations between them can be derived easily, entirely avoiding the spinor indices. The high energy limit of three point amplitudes is discussed shortly. Finally we add some comments on recursion relations with massive particles.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[481] viXra:1910.0554 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-27 11:07:56

Electronic Data Transmission with Three Times the Speed of Light and Data Rates of 2000 Bits Per Second Over Long Distances in Buffer Amplifier Chains

Authors: Steffen Kuehn
Comments: 6 Pages. Experiments with buffer amplifier chains.

Recently, during the experimental testing of basic assumptions in electrical engineering, it became apparent that ultra-low-frequency (ULF) voltage signals in coaxial cables with a length of only a few hundred meters propagate significantly faster than light. Starting point for this discovery was an experiment in which a two-channel oscilloscope is connected to a signal source via a short coaxial cable and the second input to the same signal source via a long coaxial cable. It was observed that the delay between the two channels can be for short cables and low frequencies so small that the associated phase velocity exceeds the speed of light. In order to test whether the discovered effect can be exploited to transmit information over long distances, a cable was examined in which the signal is refreshed at regular distances by buffer amplifiers. The result was that such an setup is indeed suitable for transmitting wave packets at three times the speed of light and bit rates of about 2 kbit/s over arbitrary distances. The statement that information cannot propagate faster than light is therewith clearly experimentally disproved and can therefore no longer be sustained.
Category: Classical Physics

[480] viXra:1910.0551 [pdf] replaced on 2019-10-30 02:26:02

Using Decimals to Prove Zeta(n >= 2) is Irrational

Authors: Timothy W. Jones
Comments: 4 Pages. A few corrections and improvements per some suggestions received.

With a strange and ironic twist an open number theory problem, show Zeta(n) is irrational for natural numbers greater than or equal to 2, is solved with the easiest of number theory concepts: the rules of representing fractions with decimals.
Category: Number Theory

[479] viXra:1910.0550 [pdf] replaced on 2020-05-09 16:29:03

Representation of Momentum

Authors: Eric Su
Comments: 2 Pages. Note that the author does not read Disqus comments here, please respond by email. Including a list of publications is also a healthy gesture.

The inelastic collision between two identical particles shows that the ratio of the momentum to the mass includes an extra term in addition to the velocity. An extra function independent of the speed of the particle is part of the momentum. This function can be determined empirically from the parameters of Large Hadron Collider at CERN.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[478] viXra:1910.0549 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-26 17:08:03

On the Possible Mathematical Connections Between Some Equations of Various Topics Concerning the Dilaton Value, the D-Brane, the Bouncing Cosmology and Some Sectors of Number Theory (Ramanujan Riemann’s Functions and Rogers-Ramanujan Continued Fractions)

Authors: Michele Nardelli, Antonio Nardelli
Comments: 108 Pages.

In this research thesis, we have described some new mathematical connections between some equations of various topics concerning the Dilaton value, the D-Brane, the Bouncing Cosmology and some sectors of Number Theory (Riemann’s functions of S. Ramanujan and Rogers-Ramanujan continued fractions).
Category: Number Theory

[477] viXra:1910.0548 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-26 21:04:03

Mercury Day Period (Short Discussion)

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 10 Pages.

Paper Question Why Mercury Day Period =175.94 Solar Days? Let's try to explain this question in following… I suppose the solar system is one building and each planet is a part of it – for that reason – each planet data is created complementary to other planets data- and no planet is created individually… Also– because the solar system is one building – so the solar system moves as a train- So as the train moves with its carriages together in one motion –regardless what's first carriage and what's last one – similar to the solar system moves with all planets together spite of Planets Different Velocities – the solar system general unified motion unify these velocities in one motion only – Based on this description – each planet data effect on the solar system geometry From this approach the question should be … Why Mercury Day Period = 175.94 solar days… But the deep question is another ….let's ask it in following… Why Mercury Day Period is used in double value (=2 x 175.94 days) generally in the solar system geometry? What does that mean? because the solar system is one building – so each planet data is used by other planets – and I have found that Mercury Day Period isn't used as 175.94 solar days but used usually as 351.8 (= 2 x 175.94) solar days – So – I write this paper to prove this fact and I use it to support the claim that the solar system is one building and each planet data is complementary to the others So this paper has 2 objectives– (1st) to prove Mercury Day Period Using (2nd) to support the claim that the solar group is one building…
Category: Astrophysics

[476] viXra:1910.0547 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-26 03:00:49

Questions on Coloring

Authors: Volker Thürey
Comments: 8 Pages.

We present some thoughts about a coloring of an arbitrary map.
Category: Topology

[475] viXra:1910.0546 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-26 03:41:41

2-D Material Got its Shape

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 74 Pages.

Now, a team of scientists led by the Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) has gained valuable insight into 3-D transition metal oxide nanoparticles' natural "edge" for 2-D growth. [44] Future technologies based on the principles of quantum mechanics could revolutionize information technology. But to realize the devices of tomorrow, today's physicists must develop precise and reliable platforms to trap and manipulate quantum-mechanical particles. [43] Researchers at The University of Manchester in the UK, led by Dr. Artem Mishchenko, Prof Volodya Fal'ko and Prof Andre Geim, have discovered the quantum Hall effect in bulk graphite—a layered crystal consisting of stacked graphene layers. [42]
Category: Condensed Matter

[474] viXra:1910.0545 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-26 04:00:41

Nanoparticles Act as Artificial Enzymes

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 67 Pages.

So-called nanoenzymes are hot candidates for treatments called catalytic immunotherapy. [42] A recent study, affiliated with South Korea's Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) has introduced a novel targeted drug delivery system in the fight against cancer. [41] One day, hospital patients might be able to ingest tiny robots that deliver drugs directly to diseased tissue, thanks to research being carried out at EPFL and ETH Zurich. [40] A team of researchers at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in Israel has now made such cascades in the lab by encapsulating three enzymes and enzyme cofactors in nanoreactors made from metal-organic framework nanoparticles. [39]
Category: Physics of Biology

[473] viXra:1910.0544 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-26 04:21:42

Nanosheets Hydrogen Carrier

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 69 Pages.

Researchers at Tokyo Institute of Technology, University of Tsukuba, and colleagues in Japan have reported a promising hydrogen carrier in the form of hydrogen boride nanosheets. [43] So-called nanoenzymes are hot candidates for treatments called catalytic immunotherapy. [42] A recent study, affiliated with South Korea's Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) has introduced a novel targeted drug delivery system in the fight against cancer. [41]
Category: Physics of Biology

[472] viXra:1910.0543 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-26 04:54:20

Nanoparticles Zebrafish Hyperactive

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 70 Pages.

Nanoplastics influence the behaviour of larval zebrafish, says new research by the Institute of Biology Leiden (IBL) and the Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML). [44] Researchers at Tokyo Institute of Technology, University of Tsukuba, and colleagues in Japan have reported a promising hydrogen carrier in the form of hydrogen boride nanosheets. [43] So-called nanoenzymes are hot candidates for treatments called catalytic immunotherapy. [42] A recent study, affiliated with South Korea's Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) has introduced a novel targeted drug delivery system in the fight against cancer. [41]
Category: Physics of Biology

[471] viXra:1910.0542 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-26 05:13:22

Big Secrets of Small Magnets

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 71 Pages.

An international research team led by a physicist at the University of California, Riverside, has identified a microscopic process of electron spin dynamics in nanoparticles that could impact the design of applications in medicine, quantum computation, and spintronics. [45] Nanoplastics influence the behaviour of larval zebrafish, says new research by the Institute of Biology Leiden (IBL) and the Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML). [44] Researchers at Tokyo Institute of Technology, University of Tsukuba, and colleagues in Japan have reported a promising hydrogen carrier in the form of hydrogen boride nanosheets. [43]
Category: Condensed Matter

[470] viXra:1910.0541 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-26 06:56:26

Reheating Kickstarted the Big Bang

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 56 Pages.

Now physicists at MIT, Kenyon College, and elsewhere have simulated in detail an intermediary phase of the early universe that may have bridged cosmic inflation with the Big Bang. [31] At the Japanese Research Center for Particle Physics KEK, the new particle accelerator experiment Belle II started operation after eight years of construction. [30] Astrophysicists from the University of Surrey and the University of Edinburgh have created a new method to measure the amount of dark matter at the centre of tiny "dwarf" galaxies. [29] A research team of multiple institutes, including the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan and University of Tokyo, released an unprecedentedly wide and sharp dark matter map based on the newly obtained imaging data by Hyper Suprime-Cam on the Subaru Telescope. [28] A signal caused by the very first stars to form in the universe has been picked up by a tiny but highly specialised radio telescope in the remote Western Australian desert. [27] This week, scientists from around the world who gathered at the University of California, Los Angeles, at the Dark Matter 2018 Symposium learned of new results in the search for evidence of the elusive material in Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) by the DarkSide-50 detector. [26] If they exist, axions, among the candidates for dark matter particles, could interact with the matter comprising the universe, but at a much weaker extent than previously theorized. New, rigorous constraints on the properties of axions have been proposed by an international team of scientists. [25] The intensive, worldwide search for dark matter, the missing mass in the universe, has so far failed to find an abundance of dark, massive stars or scads of strange new weakly interacting particles, but a new candidate is slowly gaining followers and observational support. [24]
Category: Astrophysics

[469] viXra:1910.0540 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-26 07:13:57

Shapes of Atomic Clusters

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 72 Pages.

In research published in The European Physical Journal B, José M. Cabrera-Trujillo and colleagues at the Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí in Mexico propose a new method of identifying the morphologies of atomic clusters. [46] An international research team led by a physicist at the University of California, Riverside, has identified a microscopic process of electron spin dynamics in nanoparticles that could impact the design of applications in medicine, quantum computation, and spintronics. [45]
Category: Condensed Matter

[468] viXra:1910.0539 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-26 07:29:41

Antiferromagnetic Computers

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 73 Pages.

Future computer technology based on insulating antiferromagnets is progressing. Electrically insulating antiferromagnets such as iron oxide and nickel oxide consist of microscopic magnets with opposite orientations. [47] In research published in The European Physical Journal B, José M. Cabrera-Trujillo and colleagues at the Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí in Mexico propose a new method of identifying the morphologies of atomic clusters. [46] An international research team led by a physicist at the University of California, Riverside, has identified a microscopic process of electron spin dynamics in nanoparticles that could impact the design of applications in medicine, quantum computation, and spintronics. [45]
Category: Digital Signal Processing

[467] viXra:1910.0538 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-26 07:33:48

On Prime Numbers⑬

Authors: Yuji Masuda
Comments: 1 Page.

This is Primes⑬
Category: Number Theory

[466] viXra:1910.0537 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-26 07:45:08

Beach Balls and Drug Delivery

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 67 Pages.

Coupier has found that deflating and inflating microscopic shells can induce directed motion, which could, for example, be used to help target drug delivery to a tumour. [42] A recent study, affiliated with South Korea's Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) has introduced a novel targeted drug delivery system in the fight against cancer. [41] One day, hospital patients might be able to ingest tiny robots that deliver drugs directly to diseased tissue, thanks to research being carried out at EPFL and ETH Zurich. [40] A team of researchers at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in Israel has now made such cascades in the lab by encapsulating three enzymes and enzyme cofactors in nanoreactors made from metal-organic framework nanoparticles. [39]
Category: Physics of Biology

[465] viXra:1910.0536 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-26 08:34:17

Spot a Wormhole

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 58 Pages.

A new study outlines a method for detecting a speculative phenomenon that has long captured the imagination of sci-fi fans: wormholes, which form a passage between two separate regions of spacetime. [32] Now physicists at MIT, Kenyon College, and elsewhere have simulated in detail an intermediary phase of the early universe that may have bridged cosmic inflation with the Big Bang. [31]
Category: Astrophysics

[464] viXra:1910.0535 [pdf] replaced on 2021-04-06 11:39:35

The Main Equation in Theory of Gamma-Ray Bursts

Authors: Sylwester Kornowski
Comments: 3 Pages.

Here, using the Scale-Symmetric Theory (SST), we derived the main equation in theory of Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) and used it to describe the GRB 080916C. Such theory is closely related to the theory of neutron black holes (NBHs) which is similar to the theory of baryons.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[463] viXra:1910.0534 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-26 11:37:24

Problème du Voyageur de Commerce TSP

Authors: Ayoub Abraich
Comments: 13 Pages.

The travelling salesman problem (TSP) asks the following question: "Given a list of cities and the distances between each pair of cities, what is the shortest possible route that visits each city and returns to the origin city?" It is an NP-hard problem in combinatorial optimization, important in operations research and theoretical computer science.
Category: Data Structures and Algorithms

[462] viXra:1910.0533 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-26 13:04:20

Two-Component Solution of the Poisson Gravitational Equation

Authors: Vladimir Leonov
Comments: 9 Pages, 1 Figures

The theory of Superunification is a quantum theory of gravity or a theory of quantum gravity [1]. The theory of Superunification combines the general relativity (GR) and quantum theory. The theory of Superunification is a new quantum theory. Its basis is a new four-dimensional particle quanton - a quantum of space-time. The development of quantum theory is unthinkable without a quanton. The old quantum theory was limited by probabilistic parameters. Einstein was right when he claimed that "God does not play dice". The theory of Superunification as a new quantum theory is the theory of determinism which makes the description of complex quantum phenomena simple and understandable by classical methods. This is a new methodology in quantum theory. Two-Component Solution of the Poisson Gravitational Equation for the Quantum Density of a Medium there is an example of this new methodology. Einstein showed us that the basis of gravity is the curvature of four-dimensional space-time. But if we have a space curvature then this curvature should be compensated by its compression. Otherwise, we will have an unstable system capable of gravitational collapse. But four-dimensional space-time as a quantized medium is a stable system. And this stability of space-time gives us a two-component solution of the Poisson gravitational equation for the quantum density of the medium. So at the birth of the mass of an elementary particle inside quantized space-time, its spherical deformation occurs. We observe a compression of the quantum density of the medium inside the particle due to its extension from the outside. Thus was born the mass of an elementary particle. The two-component solution of the Poisson equation for the first time describes the process the birth of the mass of an elementary particle inside quantized space-time at the quantum level [1].
Category: Quantum Physics

[461] viXra:1910.0532 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-25 22:15:10

Preprocessing Quaternion Data in Quaternion Spaces Using the Quaternion Domain Fourier Transform

Authors: Eckhard Hitzer
Comments: 6 Pages. Proceedings of SICE Symposium on Systems and Information 2014 (SSI 2014), Session SS13-6, catalog No. SY0009/14/0000-0834©2014 SICE, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan, 21-23 Nov. 2014, pp. 834-839.

Recently a new type of hypercomplex Fourier transform has been suggested. It consequently transforms quaternion valued signals (for example electromagnetic scalar-vector potentials, color data, space-time data, etc.) defined over a quaternion domain (space-time or other 4D domains) from a quaternion ”position” space to a quaternion ”frequency” space. Therefore the quaternion domain Fourier transform (QDFT) uses the full potential provided by hypercomplex algebra in higher dimensions, such as 3D and 4D transformation covariance. The QDFT is explained together with its main properties relevant for applications such as quaternionic data preprocessing.
Category: Digital Signal Processing

[460] viXra:1910.0531 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-24 23:09:39

Reference Frames: If Inertial, then Geocentric

Authors: Robert Bennett
Comments: 24 Pages.

Applying the laws of dynamics to discern future motion is not an easy thing to do, for there are cases where these laws fail to predict what’s really measured. Inertial frames are thought to provide a stable platform of reference frames from which to solve this failure of dynamics, but current fundamental definitions related to dynamics are often incomplete, in conflict or just illogical. Adopting a credible definition of inertial frames and applying it to frames of reference in constant relative motion leads to a surprising discovery, challenging the scientific wisdom of the last five centuries and raising far-ranging and deep questions that spill over into modern worldviews and religion. As usual the epistemology is based on the scientific method’s dependence on testing and the rationality of philo-realism.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[459] viXra:1910.0529 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-25 03:04:18

Hidden Quantum Information

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 48 Pages.

Imaging techniques that employ quantum light are increasing in importance nowadays, since their capabilities in terms of resolution and sensitivity can surpass classical limitations and, in addition, they do not damage the sample. [28] At the Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, researchers have realized the swap of electron spins between distant quantum dots. [27] A quantum circuit that can unambiguously test for information scrambling in an experiment could help verify the calculations of quantum computers and even shed more light on what happens to quantum information when it falls into a black hole. [26]
Category: Quantum Physics

[458] viXra:1910.0528 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-25 03:05:43

Electromagnetic Symmetry of the Universe

Authors: Vladimir Leonov
Comments: 4 Pages, 2 Figures

Our universe has an electromagnetic symmetry and electrical asymmetry. These physical phenomena are described in detail in the theory of Superunification [1, 3]. I want to draw your attention once again to the fact that quantized space-time has an electromagnetic structure and it has electromagnetic symmetry. This symmetry manifests itself as the complete equivalence of the electric and magnetic forces acting between the quarks inside the quanton. Quanton consists of four quarks: two electrical and two magnetic. Quanton is a particle of the field that serves as a carrier of electromagnetism inside quantized space-time. Electromagnetic symmetry is observed experimentally in the electromagnetic wave in vacuum at equivalence its electrical and magnetic components.
Category: Quantum Physics

[457] viXra:1910.0527 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-25 04:10:20

Better Accelerators Theory

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 65 Pages.

A staff scientist at the Department of Energy's Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Palczewski has been awarded a DOE Early Career Research Program grant to put the science back into particle accelerator preparation. [40] DESY scientists have created a miniature particle accelerator for electrons that can perform four different functions at the push of a button. [39] Femtosecond lasers are capable of processing any solid material with high quality and high precision using their ultrafast and ultra-intense characteristics. [38]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[456] viXra:1910.0525 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-25 04:30:42

Google's Quantum Supremacy

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 42 Pages.

Google’s Sycamore quantum processor hit the headlines in September when a leaked draft paper suggested that the device is the first to have achieved quantum supremacy by solving a problem more than a billion times faster than a conventional (classical) supercomputer. [24] According to product chief Trystan Upstill, the news app "uses the best of artificial intelligence to find the best of human intelligence—the great reporting done by journalists around the globe." [23] Artificial intelligence is astonishing in its potential. It will be more transformative than the PC and the Internet. Already it is poised to solve some of our biggest challenges. [22]
Category: Quantum Physics

[455] viXra:1910.0524 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-25 04:51:48

Hard Sell of Quantum Software

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 43 Pages.

Quantum computers certainly have potential. In theory, they can solve problems that classical computers cannot handle at all, at least in any realistic time frame. [25] Google’s Sycamore quantum processor hit the headlines in September when a leaked draft paper suggested that the device is the first to have achieved quantum supremacy by solving a problem more than a billion times faster than a conventional (classical) supercomputer. [24] According to product chief Trystan Upstill, the news app "uses the best of artificial intelligence to find the best of human intelligence—the great reporting done by journalists around the globe." [23]
Category: Quantum Physics

[454] viXra:1910.0523 [pdf] replaced on 2020-03-19 02:59:33

Energy Pairs Theory

Authors: ‪Moshe Segal‬‏
Comments: 14 Pages.

This study presents a new concept related to Energy, the concept of Energy Pairs. The study starts by trying to answer the following question: is it possible to detect the energy embedded in a Null electromagnetic wave, which is an electromagnetic wave that does not contain any electric or magnetic fields at all. The article describes how to create such an electromagnetic wave from two normal electromagnetic waves, that do contain electric and magnetic fields, which collide and following their collision consolidate and unify and continue to travel together in the same direction. In a proposed experiment of producing a Null electromagnetic wave, examined in the study, energy loss in the process was observed, which seems as a violation of the energy conservation principle. The main part of this study is the development of the "Energy Pair Theory" (EPT) that explained the above energy loss by the central idea of this theory that energies can be accumulated and stored as "Energy Pairs" that exist but disable each other, and therefore, the energy that is accumulated in the pairs exists but is undetectable or untraceable. The Energy Pair Theory, developed in this study, puts the concept of "Energy" in a new and an interesting framework that is flexible and convenient to be further used as a framework in studying other physical and natural observations.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[453] viXra:1910.0522 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-25 05:08:51

Prisoner's Dilemma Game

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 29 Pages.

Game theory is a field which applies mathematics to understand the science behind logical decision-making behavior and social structures. [20] It sounds like science fiction: controlling electronic devices with brain waves. But researchers have developed a new type of electroencephalogram (EEG) electrode that can do just that, without the sticky gel required for conventional electrodes. [19] U.S. Army Research Laboratory scientists have discovered a way to leverage emerging brain-like computer architectures for an age-old number-theoretic problem known as integer factorization. [18]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[452] viXra:1910.0521 [pdf] replaced on 2019-10-26 01:18:29

A New Exact Solution to the Bratu Boundary Value Problem

Authors: Lucas Hervé KOUDAHOUN, Pravanjan MALLICK, Jean AKANDE, Biswanath RATH, Marc Delphin MONSIA
Comments: 6 pages

In this paper the problem of finding other types of exact solution to the Bratu boundary value problem is solved. In this context a new solution in terms of trigonometric functions has for the first time been computed explicitly and directly for this problem, using a simple change of variable. The exact and explicit general solution obtained for the Bratu equation may be used for a large variety of initial and boundary conditions.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[451] viXra:1910.0520 [pdf] replaced on 2019-12-08 01:25:53

Quantum Optics Experiment on the Test of Empty Wave Hypothesis

Authors: V.A. Skrebnev, M.V. Polski
Comments: 9 Pages.

The experiment measured the absorption of single photons by absorbers with various absorption coefficients, in one of the beams, after the photons interacted with the beam splitter. The measurements showed that the absorption corresponds to single photon traveling in either one or another beam. The measurements support the original empty wave hypothesis which has been advanced in a number of works.
Category: Quantum Physics

[450] viXra:1910.0519 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-25 05:55:29

A Brief Analysis of the Research Scheme of the Cyclotron Radiation from a Single Electron (In Chinese)

Authors: DING Jian
Comments: Pages.

The experiments of Project 8 have been excellent, but the expected goals still difficult to achieve. So much so that some of the results at your fingertips were also missing. In view of this, the focus of this article is to clarify several easy confused concepts. Only in this way, we can reasonably explain the experimental data. The main points are as follows: 1. The value c of the light speed in vacuum and a particle with zero static mass, both of which do not exist in the reality. That is to say, the so-called a photon's static mass is equal to zero but has energy, which is a paradox that confuses two different definitional domains. 2. In the reality, photons are high-speed particles generated by electromagnetic radiation. They must have the characteristics of (static) mass, energy and wave, in order to describe the main body to aim at photons from different angles. 3. After any main body comes into being electromagnetic radiation, its static mass will inevitably decrease accordingly. 4. The charge-mass ratio of an electron is a physical constant, which is the ratio of its charge to the amount of matter, and is not affected by relativistic effects and electromagnetic radiation. 5. The uncertainty of moving electrons is caused by random electromagnetic radiations. Finally, it is pointed out that if the cyclotron frequency of a single electron is measured, and at the same time, its de Broglie wavelength or frequency can also be measured, then its static mass can be obtained. Even so, the expected goals are still difficult to achieve, because random electromagnetic radiations are always taking away continually the matter composition of the single electron being measured. However, this was precisely a result of the research obtained by Project 8, and had universality, which should be reflect on
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[449] viXra:1910.0518 [pdf] replaced on 2019-10-31 05:38:42

Elementary Aspects of the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra

Authors: Timothy W. Jones
Comments: 4 Pages. Many improvements.

We motivate and give a proof of the fundamental theorem of algebra using high school algebra.
Category: Functions and Analysis

[448] viXra:1910.0516 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-25 08:20:20

Quantum Battery Doesn't Lose Charge

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 48 Pages.

Scientists from the universities of Alberta and Toronto developed a blueprint for a new quantum battery that doesn't leak charge. [36] Researchers of the Institute of Photonic Integration of the Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e) have developed a 'hybrid technology' which shows the advantages of both light and magnetic hard drives. [35] Researchers at Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) have developed a simple yet accurate method for finding defects in the latest generation of silicon carbide transistors. [34] In 2017, University of Utah physicist Valy Vardeny called perovskite a "miracle material" for an emerging field of next-generation electronics, called spintronics, and he's standing by that assertion. [33] Scientists at Tokyo Institute of Technology proposed new quasi-1-D materials for potential spintronic applications, an upcoming technology that exploits the spin of electrons. [32] They do this by using "excitons," electrically neutral quasiparticles that exist in insulators, semiconductors and in some liquids. [31] Researchers at ETH Zurich have now developed a method that makes it possible to couple such a spin qubit strongly to microwave photons. [30] Quantum dots that emit entangled photon pairs on demand could be used in quantum communication networks. [29] Researchers successfully integrated the systems-donor atoms and quantum dots. [28] A team of researchers including U of A engineering and physics faculty has developed a new method of detecting single photons, or light particles, using quantum dots. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25]
Category: Quantum Physics

[447] viXra:1910.0515 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-25 08:45:44

Magic Number for Neutrons

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 28 Pages.

An international collaboration led by scientists from the University of Hong Kong, RIKEN (Japan), and CEA (France) have used the RI Beam Factory (RIBF) at the RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-base Science to show that 34 is a "magic number" for neutrons, meaning that atomic nuclei with 34 neutrons are more stable than would normally be expected. [18] Scientists using neutron scattering methods to look at the behavior of materials under stress or during phase changes and chemical reactions can view processes from new angles using event-based data. [17] The mineral sample was synthesized by Florida State University graduate student Lianyang Dong. [16] Scientists at the University of Geneva (UNIGE), Switzerland, recently reengineered their data processing, demonstrating that 16 million atoms were entangled in a one-centimetre crystal. [15] The fact that it is possible to retrieve this lost information reveals new insight into the fundamental nature of quantum measurements, mainly by supporting the idea that quantum measurements contain both quantum and classical components. [14] Researchers blur the line between classical and quantum physics by connecting chaos and entanglement. [13] Yale University scientists have reached a milestone in their efforts to extend the durability and dependability of quantum information. [12] Using lasers to make data storage faster than ever. [11] Some three-dimensional materials can exhibit exotic properties that only exist in "lower" dimensions. For example, in one-dimensional chains of atoms that emerge within a bulk sample, electrons can separate into three distinct entities, each carrying information about just one aspect of the electron's identity-spin, charge, or orbit. The spinon, the entity that carries information about electron spin, has been known to control magnetism in certain insulating materials whose electron spins can point in any direction and easily flip direction. Now, a new study just published in Science reveals that spinons are also present in a metallic material in which the orbital movement of electrons around the atomic nucleus is the driving force behind the material's strong magnetism. [10] Currently studying entanglement in condensed matter systems is of great interest. This interest stems from the fact that some behaviors of such systems can only be explained with the aid of entanglement. [9] Researchers from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) and the University of Cambridge in the UK have demonstrated that it is possible to directly generate an electric current in a magnetic material by rotating its magnetization. [8] This paper explains the magnetic effect of the electric current from the observed effects of the accelerating electrons, causing naturally the experienced changes of the electric field potential along the electric wire. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the wave particle duality and the electron's spin also, building the bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The changing acceleration of the electrons explains the created negative electric field of the magnetic induction, the changing relativistic mass and the Gravitational Force, giving a Unified Theory of the physical forces. Taking into account the Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators also, we can explain the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[446] viXra:1910.0514 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-25 09:44:59

Review Highlights: Opinion Mining on Reviews: a Hybrid Model for Rule Selection in Aspect Extraction

Authors: A Kushwaha, S Chaudhary
Comments: 6 Pages.

This paper proposes a methodology to extract key insights from user generated reviews. This work is based on Aspect Based Sentiment Analysis (ABSA) which predicts the sentiment of aspects mentioned in the text documents. The extracted aspects are fine-grained for the presentation form known as Review Highlights. The syntactic approach for extraction process suffers from the overlapping chunking rules which result in noise extraction. We introduce a hybrid technique which combines machine learning and rule based model. A multi-label classifier identifies the effective rules which efficiently parse aspects and opinions from texts. This selection of rules reduce the amount of noise in extraction tasks. This is a novel attempt to learn syntactic rule fitness from a corpus using machine learning for accurate aspect extraction. As the model learns the syntactic rule prediction from the corpus, it makes the extraction method domain independent. It also allows studying the quality of syntactic rules in a different corpus.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[445] viXra:1910.0513 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-25 09:49:56

Single-Atom Qubits under Microscope

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 33 Pages.

Our team at IBM Research made a breakthrough in controlling the quantum behavior of individual atoms, demonstrating a versatile new building block for quantum computation. [23] The team showed that the single-atom magnets can endure relatively high temperatures and strong external magnetic fields. The work could lead to the development of extremely high-density data storage devices. [22] One of these are single-atom magnets: storage devices consisting of individual atoms stuck ("adsorbed") on a surface, each atom able to store a single bit of data that can be written and read using quantum mechanics. [21] Physicists have experimentally demonstrated 18-qubit entanglement, which is the largest entangled state achieved so far with individual control of each qubit. [20] University of Adelaide-led research has moved the world one step closer to reliable, high-performance quantum computing. [19] A team of researchers with members from IBM Research-Zurich and RWTH Aachen University has announced the development of a new PCM (phase change memory) design that offers miniaturized memory cell volume down to three nanometers. [18] Monatomic glassy antimony might be used as a new type of single-element phase change memory. [17] Physicists have designed a 3-D quantum memory that addresses the tradeoff between achieving long storage times and fast readout times, while at the same time maintaining a compact form. [16] Quantum memories are devices that can store quantum information for a later time, which are usually implemented by storing and re-emitting photons with certain quantum states. [15] The researchers engineered diamond strings that can be tuned to quiet a qubit's environment and improve memory from tens to several hundred nanoseconds, enough time to do many operations on a quantum chip. [14] Intel has announced the design and fabrication of a 49-qubit superconducting quantum-processor chip at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas.
Category: Quantum Physics

[444] viXra:1910.0512 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-25 10:20:36

Rapid Laser Solve Phase Retrieval

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 69 Pages.

Physicists can explore tailored physical systems to rapidly solve challenging computational tasks by developing spin simulators, combinatorial optimization and focusing light through scattering media. [39] When exposed to intense laser pulses, the magnetization of a material can be manipulated very fast. [38] A new laser-pointing platform developed at MIT may help launch miniature satellites into the high-rate data game. [37] Lasers that emit ultrashort pulses of light are critical components of technologies, including communications and industrial processing, and have been central to fundamental Nobel Prize-winning research in physics. [36]
Category: Quantum Physics

[443] viXra:1910.0511 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-25 10:33:48

Two-Color Laser Experiment

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 70 Pages.

When photons of light interact with particles of matter, a diverse variety of physical processes can unfold in ultrafast timescales. [40] Physicists can explore tailored physical systems to rapidly solve challenging computational tasks by developing spin simulators, combinatorial optimization and focusing light through scattering media. [39] When exposed to intense laser pulses, the magnetization of a material can be manipulated very fast. [38] A new laser-pointing platform developed at MIT may help launch miniature satellites into the high-rate data game. [37]
Category: Quantum Physics

[442] viXra:1910.0510 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-25 10:41:20

Trigonometric and Hyperbolic Functions for General Solutions of Duffing Equation

Authors: Kolawolé Kêgnidé Damien Adjaï, Jean Akande, Pravanjan Mallick, Biswanath Rath, Marc Delphin Monsia
Comments: 5 pages

It is well established that the cubic Duffing equation exhibits each of the Jacobi elliptic functions as solution. However, in this paper it is shown for the first time that the general solutions of such an equation may be computed as a trigonometric function and also as a hyperbolic function in a direct and straightforward manner by first integral and Lagrangian analysis following the sign of parameters.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[441] viXra:1910.0509 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-25 12:30:27

Mars Orbital Distance Is Changed Through History (Part II)

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 7 Pages.

Paper Hypothesis… Mars Orbital Distance was 84 mkm and Mars has immigrated from it to dwell in the new point with Orbital Distance = 227.9 mkm i.e. Mars Was The Next Direct Planet After Mercury – where Mercury orbital distance =57.9 mkm and Mars orbital distance was 84 mkm How to prove that? Mars Daily Motion Data shows a great effect of Mercury on Mars Motion – which can't be explained unless by A Direct Effect Of The Neighbor Planet How such effect can be found with a great distance?! Mercury effected on Mars Creation and Motion Data when Mars was its neighbor with orbital distance =84 mkm – So When Mars has immigrated – the planet geometrical structure reserved this effect in its data – accordingly – Mars Motion Data shows clearly Mercury Effect on Mars Motion - which proves that Mars was the direct next neighbor of Mercury Paper Question Why Mars motion daily degrees (0.524 deg) = (1/ Mars orbital inclination 1.9 deg.)?
Category: Astrophysics

[440] viXra:1910.0508 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-25 15:20:19

Relativity Refuted in Four Short Sentences

Authors: Jeremy Fiennes
Comments: 1 Page.

1) In his station and truck observer thought exercise, Einstein shows that an observer moving inertially relative to a photon clock sees it ticking slower than his own. 2) Different inertial observers, travelling at different relative speeds, each see the clock running at a different rate. 3) The first SR postulate says all their views are correct. 4) This being absurd, so on the 'reductio ad absurdum' principle is Special Relativity itself.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[439] viXra:1910.0507 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-25 15:25:25

Hidden Global Energy of the Universe

Authors: Vladimir Leonov
Comments: 3 Pages, 2 Figures

Is the total energy measurable in the universe? I found this question on the Internet www.quora.com. No one answered this question. The zero-energy universe hypothesis proposes that the total amount of energy in the universe is exactly zero: its amount of positive energy in the form of matter is exactly canceled out by its negative energy in the form of gravity [1, 2]. But is it really so? I have the opposite opinion. New physics in the form of the quantum theory of Superunification gives us new knowledge about the universe and its energy [3]. The theory of Superunification is physics on the contrary. The Standard Model (SM) of physics has a zero energy level of cosmic vacuum. The theory of Superunification, on the contrary, establishes the maximum energy level of the cosmic vacuum. This maximum energy level is due to the quantized space-time structure which consists of quantons. Quanton has a small diameter (Leonov's length) and it consists of four quarks: two electrical ±e and two magnetic ±g [4]. Such a system of quarks makes it possible to calculate the energy accumulated in it. We multiply the energy of one quanton by the quantum density of the medium [5] and obtain the energy accumulated in one cubic meter of space vacuum which is equivalent energy to the mass of the substance of the whole universe. These energy values are incomparable. So, the calculations showed that 100% of the energy is accumulated inside the quantized space-time. This is the hidden global energy of the universe.
Category: Quantum Physics

[438] viXra:1910.0506 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-25 17:53:29

Tensioning of the Electromagnetic Superstring

Authors: Vladimir Leonov
Comments: 4 Pages, 2 Figures

We have a sign-alternating superstring composed of quantons inside quantized space-time. Quanton includes four quarks: two electrical ±e and two magnetic ±g. Quarks have attractive forces according to Coulomb's law. The diameter of the quanton is Leon's length. The quantons have a tight packing inside the superstring. We can calculate the attractive forces between the quantons inside the superstring. A thin superstring composed of quantons can alone hold the Earth in orbit around the Sun. The quantized space-time has tremendous elasticity and tensioning.
Category: Quantum Physics

[437] viXra:1910.0505 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-25 18:47:52

Neoether or a New Concept of Aether in Ortimized Axiomatics as an Alternative Basis of the Special Theory of Relativity and Traditional Relativistic Physics in General

Authors: Cherkasov V.A.
Comments: 15 Pages. language - Russian

The paper describes the concept of the ether (neoether, neo-aether), which does not conflict with the main consequences of the Special Theory of Relativity. On the basis of the stated concept, the features of light propagation in inertial reference frames are determined with generalization of the results to all types of fundamental interactions. The obtained results determine the presence of Lorentz contraction factor, as well as the fact of time slowing down in inertial reference frames with elimination the Twin paradox, inherent to the Special Theory of Relativity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[436] viXra:1910.0504 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-24 15:44:46

Electrical Asymmetry of the Universe

Authors: Vladimir Leonov
Comments: 4 Pages, 5 Figures

Our universe is characterized by electromagnetic symmetry and electrical asymmetries. These new problems of symmetry and asymmetry of quantized space-time were raised for the first time in the theory of Superunification [1, 2]. We needed to understand how substance and its mass are born from quantized space-time. This applies to both elementary particles and cosmological objects (planets, stars, galaxies, black holes), as well as the state of the universe itself. We need to describe the parameters of elementary particles and cosmological objects in the language of mathematics from the standpoint of quantum theory. This is possible only after unification the general theory of relativity (GR) and the quantum theory that was made in the theory of Superunification. In this case, all events unfold in a single field in the form of quantized space-time and players in the role of which are the electrical charges-quarks. The field of quantized space-time is characterized by electromagnetic symmetry, and the players in this field are due to the appearance of the electrical asymmetry of the Universe.
Category: Quantum Physics

[435] viXra:1910.0503 [pdf] replaced on 2019-10-29 07:18:09

The Observed Magnitude of Cosmological Constant Directly Derived from the Quantization Theory of Gravity

Authors: Fran De Aquino
Comments: 3 Pages.

Starting from the theoretical background developed for obtaining the Quantization of Gravity, in the paper Mathematical Foundations of the Relativistic Theory of Quantum Gravity, I show here that, it is possible to derive a theoretical value of the Cosmological Constant, extremely close to the observed value.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[434] viXra:1910.0502 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-24 21:21:36

Causal Inference for Climate Change Events from Satellite Image Time Series Using Computer Vision and Deep Learning

Authors: Vikas Ramachandra
Comments: 16 Pages.

We propose a method for causal inference using satellite image time series, in order to determine the treatment effects of interventions which impact climate change, such as deforestation. Simply put, the aim is to quantify the 'before versus after' effect of climate related human driven interventions, such as urbanization; as well as natural disasters, such as hurricanes and forest fires. As a concrete example, we focus on quantifying forest tree cover change/ deforestation due to human led causes. The proposed method involves the following steps. First, we use computer vision and machine learning/deep learning techniques to detect and quantify forest tree coverage levels over time, at every time epoch. We then look at this time series to identify changepoints. Next, we estimate the expected (forest tree cover) values using a Bayesian structural causal model and projecting/forecasting the counterfactual. This is compared to the values actually observed post intervention, and the difference in the two values gives us the effect of the intervention (as compared to the non intervention scenario, i.e. what would have possibly happened without the intervention). As a specific use case, we analyze deforestation levels before and after the hyperinflation event (intervention) in Brazil (which ended in 1993-94), for the Amazon rainforest region, around Rondonia, Brazil. For this deforestation use case, using our causal inference framework can help causally attribute change/reduction in forest tree cover and increasing deforestation rates due to human activities at various points in time.
Category: Climate Research

[433] viXra:1910.0501 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-24 22:03:01

A Simple Suggestion based on Understanding & Using a Combination of Python based Tools in the Context of Rabin Fingerprint Computing.

Authors: Nirmal Tej Kumar
Comments: 5 Pages. Short Communication & Technical Notes

A Simple Suggestion based on Understanding & Using a Combination of Python based Tools in the Context of Rabin Fingerprint Computing. [ Exploring - Medical Imaging/Electron Microscopy Imaging R&D ]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[432] viXra:1910.0500 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-24 22:09:17

Consciousness and the Problem of Quantum Measurement

Authors: Chris Allen Broka
Comments: Pages.

A variant of the von Neumann-Wigner Interpretation is proposed. It does not make use of the familiar language of wave functions and observers. Instead it pictures the state of the physical world as a vector in a Fock space and, therefore not, literally, a function of any spacetime coordinates. And, rather than segregating consciousness into individual points of view (each carrying with it a sense of its proper time), this model proposes only unitary states of consciousness, Q(t), where t represents a fiducial time with respect to which both the state of the physical world and the state of consciousness evolve. States in our world's Fock space are classified as either 'admissible' (meaning they correspond to definite states of consciousness) or 'inadmissible' (meaning they do not). The evolution of the state vector of the world is such as to always keep it restricted to 'admissible' states. Consciousness is treated very much like what Chalmers calls an "M-Property." But we try to show that problems with the quantum Zeno effect do not arise from this model.
Category: Quantum Physics

[431] viXra:1910.0499 [pdf] replaced on 2019-10-24 02:25:43

On Prime Numbers⑫

Authors: Yuji Masuda
Comments: 1 Page.

This is Primes⑫
Category: Number Theory

[430] viXra:1910.0498 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-24 02:20:51

Moon Women Signaking

Authors: Miroslaw KOZLOWSKI
Comments: 10 Pages.

Earth women body is a special detector of Moon waves, which have the range of distance Earth women –Moon ( order of 105 km). Let as call these sort of elementary electromagnetic waves . These waves interact with women mind only and start macroscopic periodicity phenomena, for example distortion of women mind during the absorption Moon waves Without men Universe can survive, without women not One sideness of Moon surface in respect to Humans on Earth suggest a special role played by Moon in women evolving and life. In some sense the creation of human embryo depends on Moon period. It seems that surface of Moon or some part of it emitted /reflected the Schumann Consciousness field (Psychon) which reached the only the women on Earth surface Divinus women are in direct connection with our Creator Wihout men Universe can survive, without women not
Category: Mind Science

[429] viXra:1910.0497 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-24 02:33:33

Basis of the Theory of Superunification

Authors: Vladimir Leonov
Comments: 3 Pages

The basis of the theory of Superunification is electric e and magnetic g integer (whole) charges-quarks. Entire quarks have no mass. Entire electric quark has an electric charge e equal to the elemental charge of an electron. The elementary magnetic charge g is related to the elementary electric charge e by the ratio g=Ce and is measured in Leons, where C is the speed of light [2]. The value of the elementary electric charge e is verified with tremendous precision. Entire quarks are the most stable constants in the universe and are independent of pressure, temperature, speed, the quantum density of the medium, gravitation, and the entire range of natural factors. Entire quarks are part of a quanton and quantized space-time.
Category: Quantum Physics

[428] viXra:1910.0496 [pdf] replaced on 2020-04-01 05:17:10

Consolidated Waves Might Create the Dark Energy

Authors: ‪Moshe Segal‬‏
Comments: 18 Pages.

The primary aim of this article is to evaluate a possible connection between the Dark Energy and electromagnetic traveling waves. The study starts by trying to answer the following question: is it possible to detect the energy embedded in a Null electromagnetic traveling wave, which is an electromagnetic traveling wave that does not contain any electric or magnetic fields at all. The article describes how to create such a Null electromagnetic traveling wave from two normal electromagnetic traveling waves, which do contain electric and magnetic fields, which collide and following their collision consolidate and unify and continue to travel together in the same direction. In three different proposed experiments of producing a Null, or a partly Null electromagnetic traveling waves, examined in the study, energy loss in the process was observed, which seems as a violation of the energy conservation principle. The main part of this study is the development of the "Energy Pair Theory" (EPT) that explained the above energy loss by the central idea of this theory that certain energies can be accumulated and stored as "Energy Pairs" that exist but disable each other, and therefore, the energy that is accumulated in the pairs exists but is undetectable or untraceable. Finally, the article examines the well-known Dark Energy untraceable energy in the EPT framework, and concludes that this energy might be a space in the universe where Energy Pairs reside. The Energy Pairs Theory, developed in this study, puts the concept of "Energy" in a new and an interesting framework that is flexible and convenient to be further used as a framework in studying other physical and natural observations.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[427] viXra:1910.0495 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-24 04:41:56

Molecular Spintronics for Quantum Computing

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 53 Pages.

With the advantage of small size and long-lived spins, it is only a matter of time before they cement their spot in the roadmap for quantum technologies. [36] The characteristics of a new, iron-containing type of material that is thought to have future applications in nanotechnology and spintronics have been determined at Purdue University. [35] A novel technique that nudges single atoms to switch places within an atomically thin material could bring scientists another step closer to realizing theoretical physicist Richard Feynman's vision of building tiny machines from the atom up. [34] One of the most enduring "Holy Grail" experiments in science has been attempts to directly observe atomic motions during structural changes. [33]
Category: Quantum Physics

[426] viXra:1910.0494 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-24 05:10:18

The Proof of Goldbach’s Conjecture

Authors: Zhiping Dai
Comments: 7 Pages.

Since the set of AS(+) and AS(×) is a bijective function, we use the improved the theorem of asymptotic density to prove that there exist prodcut of two odd primes in any AS(×). At the same time, in any AS(+), the sum of two odd primes can be obtained.
Category: Number Theory

[425] viXra:1910.0493 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-24 05:10:45

Neutrons for Glass Compositions

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 24 Pages.

Senior research scientist Ying Shi with Corning Incorporated is no exception. Her research focuses on understanding the structure-property correlation of glass to develop new compositions tailored for a range of applications. [14] Coupled with SNS, the world's most powerful pulsed accelerator-based neutron source, VENUS will be the only open research facility platform in the US to provide time-of-flight neutron imaging capabilities to users from academia and industry. [13] A spallation neutron source has been used by physicists in Japan to search for possible violations of the inverse square law of gravity. [12] Physicists have proposed a way to test quantum gravity that, in principle, could be performed by a laser-based, table-top experiment using currently available technology. [11] Now however, a new type of materials, the so-called Weyl semimetals, similar to 3-D graphene, allow us to put the symmetry destructing quantum anomaly to work in everyday phenomena, such as the creation of electric current. [10] Physicist Professor Chunnong Zhao and his recent PhD students Haixing Miao and Yiqiu Ma are members of an international team that has created a particularly exciting new design for gravitational wave detectors. [9] A proposal for a gravitational-wave detector made of two space-based atomic clocks has been unveiled by physicists in the US. [8] The gravitational waves were detected by both of the twin Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) detectors, located in Livingston, Louisiana, and Hanford, Washington, USA. [7] A team of researchers with the University of Lisbon has created simulations that indicate that the gravitational waves detected by researchers with the LIGO project, and which are believed to have come about due to two black holes colliding, could just have easily come from another object such as a gravaster (objects which are believed to have their insides made of dark energy) or even a wormhole. In their paper published in Physical Review Letters, the team describes the simulations they created, what was seen and what they are hoping to find in the future. [6] In a landmark discovery for physics and astronomy, international scientists said Thursday they have glimpsed the first direct evidence of gravitational waves, or ripples in space-time, which Albert Einstein predicted a century ago. [5] Scientists at the National Institute for Space Research in Brazil say an undiscovered type of matter could be found in neutron stars (illustration shown). Here matter is so dense that it could be 'squashed' into strange matter. This would create an entire 'strange star'-unlike anything we have seen. [4] The changing acceleration of the electrons explains the created negative electric field of the magnetic induction, the electromagnetic inertia, the changing relativistic mass and the Gravitational Force, giving a Unified Theory of the physical forces. Taking into account the Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators also, we can explain the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions.
Category: Condensed Matter

[424] viXra:1910.0492 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-24 05:33:35

Bio-Inspired Nano-Catalyst

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 59 Pages.

It could lead to more efficient production of some medicines. [39] A precise and non-toxic treatment that targets lung cancer cells at the nanoscale is able to effectively kill the cells even at a low dose. [38] The new treatment employs the alpha particle emitting radionuclide 225Ac. Alpha particles travel a short distance in tissue, thereby limiting their off-target effect. [37] Minimally invasive surgery is increasingly used to target small lesions and a growing demand exists for miniaturized medical tools. [36] Agricultural Research Service (ARS) scientists, in cooperation with Pacific Biosciences and Penn State University, have published the first genome of the invasive Spotted Lanternfly (SLF) in the journal Gigascience and they did it from a single caught-in-the-wild specimen. [35]
Category: Physics of Biology

[423] viXra:1910.0491 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-24 06:59:52

Finite Gravity Explained

Authors: Yahya Awad sharif Mohammed
Comments: 1 Page. Email:yahya-sharif@hotmail.com

A proved hypothesis : Finite gravity range extending with the speed of light c
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[422] viXra:1910.0490 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-24 06:52:25

Flexible, Transparent Lasers

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 40 Pages.

The interest in plastic electronics and photonics has experienced a significant increase in the last decades due to the exceptional optical, semiconducting and mechanical properties of these materials. [24] Although previous research shows that metal nanoparticles have properties useful for various biomedical applications, many mysteries remain regarding how these tiny materials form, including the processes that generate size variations. [23] With a novel electrochemical biosensing device that identifies the tiniest signals these biomarkers emit, a pair of NJIT inventors are hoping to bridge this gap. [22] The dark skin pigment melanin protects against the sun's damaging rays by absorbing light energy and converting it to heat. [21] Wang, Bren Professor of Medical Engineering and Electrical Engineering, is using PAM to improve on an existing technology for measuring the oxygen-consumption rate (OCR) in collaboration with Professor Jun Zou at Texas A&M University. [20]
Category: Quantum Physics

[421] viXra:1910.0489 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-24 07:16:46

Infrared Detectors for Night Vision

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 83 Pages.

Much like some snakes use infrared to "see" at night, University of Central Florida researchers are working to create similar viper vision to improve the sensitivity of night-vision cameras. [49] Plasmonic materials can uniquely control the electromagnetic spectrum due to nano-scale surface architecture. [48] A research group led by Yasuhiro Kuramitsu at Osaka University has revealed a magnetic reconnection driven by electron dynamics for the first time ever in laser-produced plasmas using the Gekko XII laser facility at the Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University. [47]
Category: Quantum Physics

[420] viXra:1910.0488 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-24 07:49:00

Silicon Electronics and Spintronics

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 54 Pages.

The new nanoheterostructure is only 75 nm thick and of particular interest, as it can be used as a source of spin-polarized electrons for the semiconductor silicon substrate. [37] With the advantage of small size and long-lived spins, it is only a matter of time before they cement their spot in the roadmap for quantum technologies. [36]
Category: Condensed Matter

[419] viXra:1910.0487 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-24 08:21:27

Protein Permit Powerhouse of Cells

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 73 Pages.

A team of investigators at the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) has recently characterized a novel player in these pathways, a protein that they have dubbed P17/PERMIT. [43] Matthias Wilmanns and colleagues at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory in Hamburg, Germany, developed methods to study the structure of a protein "strain absorber" as it changes during muscle contractions. [42] Using pulsed infrared light lasers, scientists have activated molecules located inside neural tissue with an efficiency of almost 100 percent. [41]
Category: Physics of Biology

[418] viXra:1910.0486 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-24 09:32:39

An Auxiliary Gravitational Field Operating in Galaxies (Revised)

Authors: R. Wayte.
Comments: 24 Pages.

A theory has been developed of an auxiliary gravitational field which operates in conjunction with relativistic gravity and accounts for the empirical success of Milgrom’s modified Newtonian dynamics theory. Remarkable links between this astronomical theory and atomic physics have been discovered. Resonant, standing-wave properties of the field encourage the formation of flat rotation curves, bar or spiral structures and quantised galactic rings. Gravitational lensing due to this field is also significant. The angular momentum proportional to mass-squared relationship observed in galaxies is attributed to this field selecting a preferred galactic rotation velocity.
Category: Astrophysics

[417] viXra:1910.0485 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-24 09:41:37

Nanocage with Antiaromatic Walls

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 39 Pages.

Researchers at Tokyo Institute of Technology, the University of Cambridge, and the University of Copenhagen have built a self-assembled nanocage with a very unusual nanospace: Its walls are made of antiaromatic molecules, which are generally considered too unstable to work with. [30] Using the new methods, the research teams have succeeded in deciphering the energy transport in double-walled nanotubes made up of thousands of dye molecules. [29] Researchers have developed a three-dimensional dynamic model of an interaction between light and nanoparticles. [28]
Category: Condensed Matter

[416] viXra:1910.0484 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-24 09:57:34

Super-Strong Magnetic Supercrystals

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 42 Pages.

Materials scientists who work with nano-sized components have developed ways of working with their vanishingly small materials. [31] Researchers at Tokyo Institute of Technology, the University of Cambridge, and the University of Copenhagen have built a self-assembled nanocage with a very unusual nanospace: Its walls are made of antiaromatic molecules, which are generally considered too unstable to work with. [30] Using the new methods, the research teams have succeeded in deciphering the energy transport in double-walled nanotubes made up of thousands of dye molecules. [29]
Category: Condensed Matter

[415] viXra:1910.0483 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-24 10:39:15

Neural Network Ferroelectric Switching

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 45 Pages.

Applying the neural network technique, which uses models utilized in Natural Language Processing, Agar and his colleagues were able to directly image and visualize an important subtlety in the switching of a classical ferroelectric material: lead zirconium titanate which, prior to this, had never been done. [32] Materials scientists who work with nano-sized components have developed ways of working with their vanishingly small materials. [31] Researchers at Tokyo Institute of Technology, the University of Cambridge, and the University of Copenhagen have built a self-assembled nanocage with a very unusual nanospace: Its walls are made of antiaromatic molecules, which are generally considered too unstable to work with. [30] Using the new methods, the research teams have succeeded in deciphering the energy transport in double-walled nanotubes made up of thousands of dye molecules. [29] Researchers have developed a three-dimensional dynamic model of an interaction between light and nanoparticles. [28] Scientists from ITMO University have developed effective nanoscale light sources based on halide perovskite. [27] Physicists have developed a technique based on optical microscopy that can be used to create images of atoms on the nanoscale. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24] In a joint research project, scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI), the Technische Universität Berlin (TU) and the University of Rostock have managed for the first time to image free nanoparticles in a laboratory experiment using a highintensity laser source. [23] For the first time, researchers have built a nanolaser that uses only a single molecular layer, placed on a thin silicon beam, which operates at room temperature. [22]
Category: Condensed Matter

[414] viXra:1910.0482 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-24 11:31:43

Electromagnetic Quantization of the Universe

Authors: Vladimir Leonov
Comments: 3 Pages, 4 Figures

We live in an electromagnetic universe. Electromagnetism it is the foundation of our universe. Galaxies, stars, planets and nature have arisen from this electromagnetism as primordial matter. This is the global electromagnetic field of the universe that I discovered in 1996 [1, 2]. Quanton is a new particle of the quantum of space-time and it is the carrier of superstrong electromagnetic interaction (SEI). Quanton includes four quarks: two electrical ± e and two magnetic ± g and it unite electricity and magnetism in the global field SEI [1, 4]. The diameter of the quanton is very small; it is 10 orders of magnitude smaller than the diameter of the proton. It is an ultra microworld. This is an ultra microcosm at the level of fundamental Leonov's length [5, 6]. Therefore, we cannot observe the SEI field at the level of real dimensions. We can observe only a violation of the electromagnetic equilibrium of the SEI field as a manifestation of the laws of electromagnetic induction and Maxwell's equations. Gravity is a deformation of the SEI field (Einstein's curvature). Quantization of the universe is the physical process of filling quantons of its volume. But we don’t know who did it [1].
Category: Quantum Physics

[413] viXra:1910.0481 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-24 14:06:00

The Time and Mass Versus Number of Bursts for Gamma-Ray Bursts

Authors: Sylwester Kornowski
Comments: 3 Pages.

Here, using the Scale-Symmetric Theory (SST), we described the origin of the time and mass versus number of bursts for gamma-ray bursts (GRBs).
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[412] viXra:1910.0480 [pdf] replaced on 2019-10-29 13:02:39

Attempt at Self-Consistent Description of Gravity Wells and Energy Flows

Authors: Denis Nepveu
Comments: Revised October 29, 2019: corrected typos, revised abstract, added prediction at bottom of page 3, corrected pagination

If general relativity is true, then G should not be constant for all observers, and therefore gravitational redshift should be exhibited at large scales. The resulting effects would explain phenomena currently described by dark energy and dark matter, and would also reconcile the ages of the universe derived by CMB and supernova data. If the initial hot dense state of the universe is taken as maximum energy density over the current volume of the universe, then the Big Bang can be modeled as a purely thermodynamic process precipitated by random cooling that leads to a phase change, much like a soap bubble popping, which should immediately produce the cosmic web structure exhibited in the CMB. Gravity emerges from chaotic energy flows with a normal probability distribution, and time can be expressed as the average number of iterations it takes for chaotic flows to produce a given state. Observed gravitational wave phenomena are explained as an effect on the path of light due to energy flows. Assuming that not all forces are perfectly balanced, the underlying fields will tend to rotate around the axis of energy flow, creating vortices in spacetime that would tend to result in mutual attraction between immediately adjacent objects. The sum of the attractive forces thus generated can be equated with gravity in the far field and magnetism in the near field.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[411] viXra:1910.0478 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-23 15:49:01

Fundamental Length - Leonov's Length

Authors: Vladimir Leonov
Comments: 4 Pages, 6 Figures

Physicists have searched for the fundamental length of nearly a hundred years. Physicists did not have a clear physical definition of the fundamental length. In my opinion, the fundamental length determines the linear boundary between the continuous spatial continuum and its transition to a discrete state. Namely, the diameter of a quanton characterizes the discreteness of quantized space-time. The diameter of a quanton is a fundamental length - Leon's length.
Category: Quantum Physics

[410] viXra:1910.0477 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-23 19:21:11

Remainder Theorem and the Division by Zero Calculus

Authors: Saburou Saitoh
Comments: 4 Pages. In this short note, for the elementary theorem of remainder in polynomials we recall the division by zero calculus that appears naturally in order to show the importance of the division by zero calculus.

In this short note, for the elementary theorem of remainder in polynomials we recall the division by zero calculus that appears naturally in order to show the importance of the division by zero calculus.
Category: General Mathematics

[409] viXra:1910.0475 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-23 21:44:14

A Circle Driven Proof of the Twin Prime Conjecture

Authors: Derek Tucker
Comments: 1 Page. Replaces the previous submission

Twin prime conjecture is proven from the observation that all composite odd numbers with factors greater than three occur in the cycle (0pm, 1pm, 5pm, 6pm), This draws circles with diameter 2p_m^2, and inter circle interval of 4p_m^2. For exclusively composite numbers we have |p_m^2±6p_m |.
Category: Number Theory

[408] viXra:1910.0474 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-23 22:31:07

Wave Pulse Theory Of Light (WPTOL) Based On Bohr Model

Authors: Chan Rasjid Kah Chew
Comments: 14 Pages.

The Bohr Model is an alternative theory of light to Maxwell's theory. It is extended to a wave pulse theory of light, WPTOL. It is a classical aether theory. When an orbital electron of an atom makes a quantum jump to a lower energy state, it emits a single polarization wave pulse of one wavelength in the aether. There is no neutron in the nucleus of the atom in the `Simple Unified Theory', SUT; the neutron is replaced with a proton and an nuclear electron. As the nucleus of the atom has only proton and electron, WPTOL covers the emission of gamma-rays originating from the nucleus of the atom. The binding energy within the nucleus is also the Coulomb electric force; there is no strong force. All radiation consist of single wavelength wave pulses and the wave pulses are all separate wave entities;there is no `train of light waves' in WPTOL. The train of light waves as found in Maxwell's theory has no physical basis. A light wave pulse has energy E=hν and momentum P=E/c, the same energy and momentum relation of the relativistic photon. It is this single wave pulse of one wavelength that gives the illusion of light as particle. WPTOL eliminates the `wave particle duality' hypothesis for light. The theoretical value of light speed in the aether is c=m_e e⁴ /(8ε₀h³R), R being the Rydberg constant. Newton's first law is extended to a light wave pulse in the aether which explains why light propagates in a straight line. There is no dissipation of energy of a wave pulse as it propagates in the aether. WPTOL does not need the concept of magnetism. The WPTOL is a much stronger theory of light as compared to the Maxwell's theory.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[407] viXra:1910.0472 [pdf] replaced on 2019-10-23 14:19:01

Stellar Metamorphosis: One Giant Leap For Mankind

Authors: Jeffrey Wolynski, Barrington Taylor
Comments: 55 Pages. Stellar evolution is planet formation.

Stellar evolution is planet formation.
Category: Astrophysics

[406] viXra:1910.0470 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-23 01:40:04

Finding Exotic Nuclei

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 36 Pages.

These new subatomic particles could either be made of six heavy quarks (charm and bottom) or heavy and strange quarks. [27] Argonne scientists look to 3-D printing to ease separation anxiety, which paves the way to recycle more nuclear material. [26] Recently, scientists suggested switching from electron to nuclear transitions that may considerably increase the precision of clocks due to higher frequency. [25] Now, physicists are working toward getting their first CT scans of the inner workings of the nucleus. [24] The process of the sticking together of quarks, called hadronisation, is still poorly understood. [23] In experimental campaigns using the OMEGA EP laser at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics (LLE) at the University of Rochester, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), University of California San Diego (UCSD) and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) researchers took radiographs of the shock front, similar to the X-ray radiology in hospitals with protons instead of X-rays. [22] Researchers generate proton beams using a combination of nanoparticles and laser light. [21] Devices based on light, rather than electrons, could revolutionize the speed and security of our future computers. However, one of the major challenges in today's physics is the design of photonic devices, able to transport and switch light through circuits in a stable way. [20] Researchers characterize the rotational jiggling of an optically levitated nanoparticle, showing how this motion could be cooled to its quantum ground state. [19] Researchers have created quantum states of light whose noise level has been "squeezed" to a record low. [18] An elliptical light beam in a nonlinear optical medium pumped by "twisted light" can rotate like an electron around a magnetic field. [17] Physicists from Trinity College Dublin's School of Physics and the CRANN Institute, Trinity College, have discovered a new form of light, which will impact our understanding of the fundamental nature of light. [16]
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[405] viXra:1910.0468 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-23 02:00:03

Quantum Density of the Universe

Authors: Vladimir Leonov
Comments: 1 Pages

Quantum density of the universe is one of the basic parameters that describe its condition. Our universe is heterogeneous and curved (it is not flat). Quantum density is the concentration of quantons in a unit volume of quantized space-time. This parameter was first introduced by me in the theory of Superunification [1]. Quantum theory now allows us to mathematically describe a quantized universe as a function of the distribution of the quantum density of a medium.
Category: Quantum Physics

[404] viXra:1910.0467 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-23 02:28:59

Elementary About Experiments with " Delayed Choice"

Authors: V. A. Kasimov
Comments: 3 Pages. in Russian

Entanglement can always exist between identical objects by any proper quantum numbers as a manifestation of the fundamental principle of quantum mechanics - the principle of superposition. Consider the phenomenon of quantum entanglement and what are the prospects for its application to the theory of relativity can be a good example of "path-entangled" photon.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[403] viXra:1910.0466 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-23 02:31:51

Magnetic Reconnection in Plasma

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 75 Pages.

Researchers will next compare these simulations with magnetic reconnection in small-scale laboratory experiments at PPPL to validate the approximations used in the model. [43] Magnetic reconnection, a process in which magnetic field lines tear and come back together, releasing large amounts of kinetic energy, occurs throughout the universe. [42] Plasma particle accelerators more powerful than existing machines could help probe some of the outstanding mysteries of our universe, as well as make leaps forward in cancer treatment and security scanning-all in a package that's around a thousandth of the size of current accelerators. [41] The Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory has started to assemble a new facility for revolutionary accelerator technologies that could make future accelerators 100 to 1,000 times smaller and boost their capabilities. [40] The authors designed a mechanism based on the deployment of a transport barrier to confine the particles and prevent them from moving from one region of the accelerator to another. "There is strong experimental evidence that there is indeed some new physics lurking in the lepton sector," Dev said. [38] Now, in a new result unveiled today at the Neutrino 2018 conference in Heidelberg, Germany, the collaboration has announced its first results using antineutrinos, and has seen strong evidence of muon antineutrinos oscillating into electron antineutrinos over long distances, a phenomenon that has never been unambiguously observed. [37] The Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum Experiment (PROSPECT) has completed the installation of a novel antineutrino detector that will probe the possible existence of a new form of matter. [36] The MINERvA collaboration analyzed data from the interactions of an antineutrino-the antimatter partner of a neutrino-with a nucleus. [35]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[402] viXra:1910.0465 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-23 02:46:24

Dynamics in Relativity is the Way to Quantum Theory

Authors: Vladimir B. Belayev
Comments: 14 Pages.

Equations of the critical curve are obtained by the nonzero energy integral variation in accordance with principles of the calculus of variations in mechanics. This method is compared with the Fermat’s principle and geodesics principle. The force vector acting on the photon in Schwarzschild space-time is found for the weak gravity and corresponds to photon’s gravitational mass equal to the twice mass of a material particle of the same energy. Compliance with the law of conservation of energy as a source of gravity leads to the presence of particles with negative gravitational mass and zero kinematic momentum in the results of the annihilation reaction. Accretion of matter onto compact stars results in their absorption of positive energy from the vacuum and the release negative energy in a free deep space. The particles with negative gravitational mass create there antigravitating vacuum with negative pressure. Extended Space Model (ESM) is a generalization of the special theory of relativity at a 5-dimensional space. Rotations in extended space correspond to the motion of a particle in gravity field in the embedded four-dimensional space-time. Within the framework of ESM the photons have a nonzero mass in a gravitational field. We study how a rotation in ESM agrees with photon dynamics in the Schwarzschild field. A non-conservation of energy in gravitational systems is interpreted by the ESM as the rotation of the energy-momentum vector in 5-dimensional space. The comparison bubble cosmic structures of a type gravastar with electron an estimate of its radius is made.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[401] viXra:1910.0464 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-23 02:56:34

LHC Consolidation

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 43 Pages.

A plethora of upgrade and maintenance work is also being carried out in the tunnel on all the equipment, from the cryogenics system to the vacuum, beam instrumentation and technical infrastructures. [31] The proposal envisages a new 100km circumference tunnel that would be bored through the Earth, encircling the city of Geneva and the surrounding countryside. [30] On Wednesday, 25 July, for the very first time, operators injected not just atomic nuclei but lead "atoms" containing a single electron into the LHC. [29] The case for an ambitious new particle accelerator to be built in the United States has just gotten a major boost.[27] Physics textbooks might have to be updated now that an international research team has found evidence of an unexpected transition in the structure of atomic nuclei. [26] The group led by Fabrizio Carbone at EPFL and international colleagues have used ultrafast transmission electron microscopy to take attosecond energy-momentum resolved snapshots (1 attosecond = 10-18 or quintillionths of a second) of a free-electron wave function. [25] Now, physicists are working toward getting their first CT scans of the inner workings of the nucleus. [24] The process of the sticking together of quarks, called hadronisation, is still poorly understood. [23] In experimental campaigns using the OMEGA EP laser at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics (LLE) at the University of Rochester, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), University of California San Diego (UCSD) and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) researchers took radiographs of the shock front, similar to the X-ray radiology in hospitals with protons instead of X-rays. [22] Researchers generate proton beams using a combination of nanoparticles and laser light. [21] Devices based on light, rather than electrons, could revolutionize the speed and security of our future computers. However, one of the major challenges in today's physics is the design of photonic devices, able to transport and switch light through circuits in a stable way. [20]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[400] viXra:1910.0463 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-23 03:11:33

Implantable Blood Vessels

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 45 Pages.

A biomimetic blood vessel was fabricated using a modified 3-D cell printing technique and bioinks, which were formulated from smooth muscle cells from a human aorta and endothelial cells from an umbilical vein. [28] Pulmonary hypertension is a type of high blood pressure that affects the lungs of both animals and people. [27] A team of researchers in China has used a form of the CRISPR gene editing technique to repair a genetic defect in a viable human embryo. [26] An international team of researchers has determined the function of a new family of proteins associated with cancer and autism. [25] In 2016, when we inaugurated our new IBM Research lab in Johannesburg, we took on this challenge and are reporting our first promising results at Health Day at the KDD Data Science Conference in London this month. [24] The research group took advantage of a system at SLAC's Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) that combines machine learning-a form of artificial intelligence where computer algorithms glean knowledge from enormous amounts of data-with experiments that quickly make and screen hundreds of sample materials at a time. [23] Researchers at the UCLA Samueli School of Engineering have demonstrated that deep learning, a powerful form of artificial intelligence, can discern and enhance microscopic details in photos taken by smartphones. [22] Such are the big questions behind one of the new projects underway at the MIT-IBM Watson AI Laboratory, a collaboration for research on the frontiers of artificial intelligence. [21]
Category: Physics of Biology

[399] viXra:1910.0462 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-23 03:23:19

Targeted Cancer Treatment

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 58 Pages.

A precise and non-toxic treatment that targets lung cancer cells at the nanoscale is able to effectively kill the cells even at a low dose. [38] The new treatment employs the alpha particle emitting radionuclide 225Ac. Alpha particles travel a short distance in tissue, thereby limiting their off-target effect. [37] Minimally invasive surgery is increasingly used to target small lesions and a growing demand exists for miniaturized medical tools. [36] Agricultural Research Service (ARS) scientists, in cooperation with Pacific Biosciences and Penn State University, have published the first genome of the invasive Spotted Lanternfly (SLF) in the journal Gigascience and they did it from a single caught-in-the-wild specimen. [35]
Category: Physics of Biology

[398] viXra:1910.0461 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-23 07:22:20

Quantum Leap in Quantum Computing

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 51 Pages.

Scientists claimed Wednesday to have achieved a near-mythical state of computing in which a new generation of machine vastly outperforms the world's fastest super-computer, known as "quantum supremacy". [32] Quantum communication, which ensures absolute data security, is one of the most advanced branches of the "second quantum revolution". [31] Researchers at the University of Bristol's Quantum Engineering Technology Labs have demonstrated a new type of silicon chip that can help building and testing quantum computers and could find their way into your mobile phone to secure information. [30] Theoretical physicists propose to use negative interference to control heat flow in quantum devices. [29] Particle physicists are studying ways to harness the power of the quantum realm to further their research. [28] A fundamental barrier to scaling quantum computing machines is "qubit interference." In new research published in Science Advances, engineers and physicists from Rigetti Computing describe a breakthrough that can expand the size of practical quantum processors by reducing interference. [26] The search and manipulation of novel properties emerging from the quantum nature of matter could lead to next-generation electronics and quantum computers. [25]
Category: Quantum Physics

[397] viXra:1910.0460 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-23 07:52:18

Quantum Material Explained

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 49 Pages.

The characteristics of a new, iron-containing type of material that is thought to have future applications in nanotechnology and spintronics have been determined at Purdue University. [35] A novel technique that nudges single atoms to switch places within an atomically thin material could bring scientists another step closer to realizing theoretical physicist Richard Feynman's vision of building tiny machines from the atom up. [34] One of the most enduring "Holy Grail" experiments in science has been attempts to directly observe atomic motions during structural changes. [33]
Category: Quantum Physics

[396] viXra:1910.0459 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-23 08:15:36

Bendable Light Communication

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 44 Pages.

Bendable light beams have significant applications in optical manipulation, optical imaging, routing, micromachining and nonlinear optics. [26] Karimi's team has successfully built and operated the first-ever quantum simulator designed specifically for simulating cyclic (ringed-shaped) systems. [25] A new Tel Aviv University study explores the generation and propagation of excitons in 2D materials within an unprecedented small time frame and at an extraordinarily high spatial resolution. [24] An international team of researchers led out of Macquarie University has demonstrated a new approach for converting ordinary laser light into genuine quantum light. [23] Beyond the beauty of this phenomenon, which connects heating processes to topology through an elegant quantization law, the results reported in this work designate heating measurements as a powerful and universal probe for exotic states of matter. [22] "We studied two systems: a Bose-Einstein condensate with 100,000 atoms confined in a cavity and an optomechanical cavity that confines light between two mirrors," Gabriel Teixeira Landi, a professor at the University of São Paulo's Physics Institute (IF-USP), told. [21] Search engine entropy is thus important not only for the efficiency of search engines and those using them to find relevant information as well as to the success of the companies and other bodies running such systems, but also to those who run websites hoping to be found and visited following a search. [20] "We've experimentally confirmed the connection between information in the classical case and the quantum case," Murch said, "and we're seeing this new effect of information loss." [19] It's well-known that when a quantum system is continuously measured, it freezes, i.e., it stops changing, which is due to a phenomenon called the quantum Zeno effect. [18]
Category: Quantum Physics

[395] viXra:1910.0458 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-23 08:29:03

Magnetic Image Spins

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 45 Pages.

Cornell researchers have put a new spin on measuring and controlling spins in nickel oxide, with an eye toward improving electronic devices' speed and memory capacity. [27] Bendable light beams have significant applications in optical manipulation, optical imaging, routing, micromachining and nonlinear optics. [26] Karimi's team has successfully built and operated the first-ever quantum simulator designed specifically for simulating cyclic (ringed-shaped) systems. [25] A new Tel Aviv University study explores the generation and propagation of excitons in 2D materials within an unprecedented small time frame and at an extraordinarily high spatial resolution. [24] An international team of researchers led out of Macquarie University has demonstrated a new approach for converting ordinary laser light into genuine quantum light. [23] Beyond the beauty of this phenomenon, which connects heating processes to topology through an elegant quantization law, the results reported in this work designate heating measurements as a powerful and universal probe for exotic states of matter. [22] "We studied two systems: a Bose-Einstein condensate with 100,000 atoms confined in a cavity and an optomechanical cavity that confines light between two mirrors," Gabriel Teixeira Landi, a professor at the University of São Paulo's Physics Institute (IF-USP), told. [21] Search engine entropy is thus important not only for the efficiency of search engines and those using them to find relevant information as well as to the success of the companies and other bodies running such systems, but also to those who run websites hoping to be found and visited following a search. [20] "We've experimentally confirmed the connection between information in the classical case and the quantum case," Murch said, "and we're seeing this new effect of information loss." [19]
Category: Quantum Physics

[394] viXra:1910.0457 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-23 08:47:21

Excitons of Electronic Devices

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 45 Pages.

Excitons are quasiparticles made from the excited state of electrons and-according to research being carried out EPFL-have the potential to boost the energy efficiency of our everyday devices. [30] After developing a method to control exciton flows at room temperature, EPFL scientists have discovered new properties of these quasiparticles that can lead to more energy-efficient electronic devices. [29] To build tomorrow's quantum computers, some researchers are turning to dark excitons, which are bound pairs of an electron and the absence of an electron called a hole. [27] Concerning the development of quantum memories for the realization of global quantum networks, scientists of the Quantum Dynamics Division led by Professor Gerhard Rempe at the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics (MPQ) have now achieved a major breakthrough: they demonstrated the long-lived storage of a photonic qubit on a single atom trapped in an optical resonator. [26] Achieving strong light-matter interaction at the quantum level has always been a central task in quantum physics since the emergence of quantum information and quantum control. [25] Operation at the single-photon level raises the possibility of developing entirely new communication and computing devices, ranging from hardware random number generators to quantum computers. [24] Considerable interest in new single-photon detector technologies has been scaling in this past decade. [23] Engineers develop key mathematical formula for driving quantum experiments. [22] Physicists are developing quantum simulators, to help solve problems that are beyond the reach of conventional computers. [21] Engineers at Australia's University of New South Wales have invented a radical new architecture for quantum computing, based on novel 'flip-flop qubits', that promises to make the large-scale manufacture of quantum chips dramatically cheaper-and easier-than thought possible. [20]
Category: Quantum Physics

[393] viXra:1910.0456 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-23 10:40:16

Of Riociguat Using Ninhydrin as a Chromogen,

Authors: Giri Prasad Gorumutchu, Venkata Nadh Ratnakaram, Balamurali K
Comments: 11 Pages.

A simple method is described to determine the amount of riociguat in bulk and tablet formulation by visible spectrophotometry. Formation of a chromophore with max of 597 nm, due to the reaction between the aromatic amine groups present on riociguat and ninhydrin in citric acid medium forms the basis for the current method. Extension of conjugation due to attachment of two ninhydrin molecules to a riociguat molecule explains the noticed high intensity as well as max of the generated chromophore. Current ICH guidelines were followed to validate the method. The obtained regression equation (y = 0.0316x+0.001) has a good correlation coefficient (> 0.999) in the studied range of 5.0-30.0 μg mL-1. Due to lack of separation steps in the method, it is found to be rapid as well as simple. The recovery levels of riociguat were in the range of 99.87 – 100.06.
Category: Chemistry

[392] viXra:1910.0455 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-23 10:41:37

Biowaste Material Utilization for Water Defluoridation & Statistical Investigation of Ground Water in Nalgonda District

Authors: Kiran Kumar K, Venkata Nadh Ratnakaram, Krishnaveni G, Rao KS
Comments: 8 Pages.

Physicochemical parameters of ground water in Nalgonda District of Telangana (erstwhile a part of Andhra Pradesh), India were measured and analysed by statistical investigation. Activated carbons were prepared from bio-waste materials viz., Citrous nobilis, Bombax malabaricum, Pithacelobium dulce and Citrous limon sheaths (CNC, BMC, PDLC and CLC respectively) and were utilized as adsorbents for defluordization of the collected water samples, which were found to be satisfactory.
Category: Chemistry

[391] viXra:1910.0454 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-23 10:43:22

Oxidation of Polyethylene Glycol-200 by Potassium Periodate in Alkaline Medium: a Kinetic Study

Authors: K. V. S. Koteswara Rao1, R. Venkata Nadh2
Comments: 7 Pages.

Kinetics of PEG-200 oxidation by potassium periodatewas studied in alkaline medium. First-order dependence of reaction on periodate was observed. Rate of the reaction was found to be independent of substrate concentration. An inverse fractional order with respect to alkaliwas shown. Arrhenius parameters were calculated. Rate law was postulated taking into consideration of experimental results.
Category: Chemistry

[390] viXra:1910.0453 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-23 10:44:37

Periodate Oxidation of PEG–600, an Essential Pharmaceutical Polymer

Authors: K. V. S. Koteswara Rao1, R. Venkata Nadh2, K. Venkata Ratnam2
Comments: 6 Pages.

Objective: To study the kinetics of periodate oxidation of polyethylene glycol-600 (PEG-600), a familiar non-toxic polymer used in pharmaceutical and other fields of industry. Methods: Reactions were carried out in alkaline medium and measured the kinetics by iodometry. One oxygen atom loss or two electrons transfer was observed per each molecule of periodate i.e., the rate of reaction was measured periodate converts to iodate because the formed iodate species is unable to oxidize the substrate molecules. Results: Based on log (a-x) versus t plots, order w. r. t. oxidant (periodate) is unity. Reactions were found to be independent of substrate (PEG-600) concentration. A decrease in rate with an increase in alkali concentration [OH–] was found and order was inverse fractional. Temperature dependence of reaction rate was studied and then calculated the corresponding Arrhenius parameters. Conclusion: An appropriate rate law was proposed by considering the above experimental results.
Category: Chemistry

[389] viXra:1910.0452 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-23 10:45:49

Kinetics of Periodate Oxidation of Polyoxyethylene – 300, a Biodegradable Pharmaceutical Polymer

Authors: Koteswara Rao K.V.S1, Venkata Nadh R2, Venkata Ratnam
Comments: 7 Pages.

Polyoxyethylene – 300 (POE) is a well-known biodegradable pharmaceutical polymer. In order to understand the stability of POE and to derive the reaction rate law, the title reaction was carried out in aqueous alkaline medium. Reaction was found to be ��irst order dependent on the concentration oxidant (periodate) and independent of substrate (POE) concentration. A retardation of reaction rate with an increase in hydroxide concentration shows an inverse fractional order in it. Based on the studies of the temperature dependence of reaction, evaluated the activation parameters.
Category: Chemistry

[388] viXra:1910.0451 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-23 10:47:11

Mass Transfer, Kinetic, Equilibrium, and Thermodynamic Study on Removal of Divalent Lead from Aqueous Solutions Using Agrowaste Biomaterials, Musa Acuminata, Casuarina Equisetifolia L., and Sorghum Bicolor

Authors: Ramya Prasanthi Mokkapatia, Venkata Nadh Ratnakaramb, Jayasravanthi Mokkapatic
Comments: 13 Pages.

Three distinct agricultural waste materials, viz., casuarina fruit powder (CFP), sorghum stem powder (SSP), and banana stem powder (BSP) were used as low-cost adsorbents for the removal of toxic lead(II) from aqueous solutions. Acid treated adsorbents were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The effects of parameters like adsorbent dose, pH, temperature, initial metal ion concentration, and time of adsorption on the removal of Pb(II) were analyzed for each adsorbent individually and the efficiency order was BSP > SSP > CFP. Based on the extent of compatibility to Freundlich/Langmuir/Dubinin–Radushkevich/ Temkin adsorption isotherms and different models (pseudo-first and second order, Boyd, Weber’s, and Elovich), chemisorption primarily involved in the case of BSP and SSP, whereas simultaneous occurrence of chemisorption and physisorption was proposed in the case of CFP correlating with the thermodynamic study results conducted at different temperatures. Based on the observations, it was proposed that three kinetic stages involve in the adsorption process, viz., diffusion of sorbate to sorbent, intra particle diffusion, and then establishment of equilibrium. These adsorbents have a promising role towards the removal of Pb(II) from industrial wastewater to contribute environmental protection.
Category: Chemistry

[387] viXra:1910.0450 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-23 10:48:22

Novel 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Linked Amide Derivatives of Pteridone: Synthesis and Study of Anticancer Activities

Authors: Eeduri Ramya Devi, Reddymasu Sreenivasulu, Koya Prabhakara Rao, Ratnakaram Venkata Nadh, Malladi Sireesha
Comments: Pages.

Cancer is a second leading cause of death after heart attack, in developing as well as undeveloped countries. It is caused by unregulated growth and metastasis of the abnormal cancer cells. Cancer can be cured by radiation, immunotherapy and chemotherapy, among them; chemotherapy is a good treatment for cancer, in which chemotherapeutic drug is used. The anticancer activity of newly synthesized compounds (13a-j) was carried out on four different types of human cancer cell lines like MCF-7 (breast), A549 (lung), Colo-205 (colon) and A2780 (ovarian) by the MTT method, and compared to etoposide used as a positive control. Among them, compound 13g with electron-withdrawing (3,5-dinitro) group, exhibited more promising activity in all cell lines (MCF-7 = 0.10±0.076 μM, A549 = 0.17±0.039 μM, Colo-205= 0.13±0.022 μM and A2780 = 0.87±0.027μM). This compound may act as lead drug in cancer chemotherapy. In future, this compound can be examined for clinical studies.
Category: Chemistry

[386] viXra:1910.0445 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-23 11:11:32

Automatic Retinal Disease Classification Using Machine Learning and AI

Authors: Tapesh Santra
Comments: 8 Pages. None

patients get preventive care. Yet, due to lack of infrastructure and resources millions of patients do not avail such diagnosis. In this paper, I explore the possibility of developing an automatic retinal disease classifier using computer vision algorithms. Two different classes of algorithms are tested; (a) traditional computer vision approach of hand crafting features followed by developing machine learning (ML) models (b) automatic feature engineering and classification using more modern convolutional neural networks (CNN). The above algorithms were used to build both multi-class classifiers, i.e. the models which are trained to identify the correct disease, and binary classifiers, i.e. models that are trained to determine if a patient has a specific disease or not. A set of 600 pre-labelled retinal scan images were used to train the models. Both the ML and CNN models had relatively modest success in the multiclass scenario. However, the ML models were found to be reliably accurate in binary classification scenario, achieving >90% accuracy in identifying cataract.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[385] viXra:1910.0444 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-23 12:21:40

On Some New Possible Mathematical Connections Between Some Equations of the Ramanujan’s Manuscripts, the Rogers-Ramanujan Continued Fractions and Some Sectors of Particle Physics, String Theory and D-Branes

Authors: Michele Nardelli, Antonio Nardelli
Comments: 152 Pages.

In this research thesis, we have described some new mathematical connections between some equations of the Ramanujan’s manuscripts, the Rogers-Ramanujan continued fractions and some sectors of Particle Physics (physical parameters of mesons and dilatons, in particular the values of the masses), String Theory and D-branes.
Category: Number Theory

[384] viXra:1910.0442 [pdf] replaced on 2019-10-29 14:31:20

Tangles and Cubes for Gravity

Authors: M. D. Sheppeard
Comments: 6 Pages.

In this short lecture we describe the correspondence between tangles and associahedra tiles, where R occurs in the case of braid tangles, leading to a natural extension to ribbons. Such tangles come from the Temperley-Lieb algebra and were used by Bar-Natan to study Khovanov complexes in nice cobordism categories.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[383] viXra:1910.0440 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-22 13:55:40

Origin of Creation

Authors: Bhaskar
Comments: 48 Pages. No

No
Category: Physics of Biology

[382] viXra:1910.0439 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-22 14:15:20

The Hedgehog-Like Mechanism as the Origin of the Prompt Emission of Gamma-Ray Bursts

Authors: Sylwester Kornowski
Comments: 3 Pages.

Here, using the Scale-Symmetric Theory (SST), we show that the hedgehog-like mechanism in the neutron stars is responsible for the prompt emission of GRBs. The half-jets/hedgehog-needles produced from the cores of baryons inside the created neutron stars act as "wave-guides" of the Einstein-spacetime scalar condensates which on surface of the neutron stars decay to gamma rays and energetic leptons. Most energetic particles are the result of annihilation of the half-jets.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[381] viXra:1910.0438 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-22 14:46:27

(Mum Version 1.0 21.10.2019 7 a4 Pages) a "Mirrored" Universe (Toy-)model (Mum) Based on a Relative Big G, a Variable Quantum Big G and a Finite Mass Ambitus of Our Universe

Authors: Andrei Lucian DragoI
Comments: 7 Pages.

This paper proposes a simple "Mirrored" Universe (toy-)Model (MUM) based on a relative big G (Newtonian gravitational constant [G]), a variable quantum big G and a finite mass ambitus of our universe (OU), with far reaching implications leading to new paths beyond the Standard model (SM) of particle physics (PP) and Einstein’s General Relativity (EGR). MUM also (empirically) predicts: (1) the total mass of all possible known and unknown life forms (LFs) from our observable universe (ObU); (2) a very strong quantum gravitational field (QGF) acting inside elementary particles (EPs); (3) an average non-zero radii of all known EPs; (4) that a nucleon (proton/neutron) and generally an atomic nucleus can be regarded as a binary logarithmic "map" of OU AND OU can be considered a binary exponential map/expansion of a standard nucleon or atomic nucleus;
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[380] viXra:1910.0437 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-22 14:48:18

(Mum Short Version 1.0 22.10.2019 4 a4 Pages Without References) a "Mirrored" Universe (Toy-)model (Mum) Based on a Relative Big G, a Variable Quantum Big G and a Finite Mass Ambitus of Our Universe (Short Variant of the Original Full Preprint)

Authors: Andrei Lucian Dragoi
Comments: 5 Pages. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.11788.05763

This paper proposes a simple "Mirrored" Universe (toy-)Model (MUM) based on a relative big G (Newtonian gravitational constant [G]), a variable quantum big G and a finite mass ambitus of our universe (OU), with far reaching implications leading to new paths beyond the Standard model (SM) of particle physics (PP) and Einstein’s General Relativity (EGR). MUM also (empirically) predicts (see the original [full] preprint of this paper): (1) the total mass of all possible known and unknown life forms (LFs) from our observable universe (ObU); (2) a very strong quantum gravitational field (QGF) acting inside elementary particles (EPs); (3) an average non-zero radii of all known EPs; (4) that a nucleon (proton/neutron) and generally an atomic nucleus can be regarded as a binary logarithmic "map" of OU AND OU can be considered a binary exponential map/expansion of a standard nucleon or atomic nucleus;
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[379] viXra:1910.0436 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-22 15:20:26

Unit of Measurement of Magnetic Charge is Leon

Authors: Vladimir Leonov
Comments: 8 Pages, 3 Figures

The problem of magnetic charge is the main scientific problem in creating the theory of Superunification. I knew the Dirac formula of magnetic charge for a magnetic monopole. Dirac considered the magnetic monopole as a free magnetic charge similar to a free electric charge. We observe experimentally the electrical charges. But the magnetic monopole was not discovered experimentally. This meant that the magnetic monopole does not exist in nature. But we observed magnetic fields. I perfectly understood that there should be a material carrier of a magnetic field in the form of a magnetic charge. The existing explanation that the cause of magnetism is electric current did not suit me. I found the correct answer to the question "Where is hidden magnetic charge?" in 1996. There is no magnetic monopole but inside the quanton there are integers magnetic quarks connected in pairs into magnetic dipoles. Magnetic quarks were first introduced into physics by me. Quanton consists of two magnetic and two electric quarks forming an electromagnetic quadrupole. Analyzing the electromagnetic properties of the quanton, I derived in 1996 the formula g = Ce correctly connecting magnetic g and electric e charges in the SI system through the speed of light C. The unit of measurement for magnetic charge is Leon.
Category: Quantum Physics

[378] viXra:1910.0435 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-22 21:35:38

An Incorporatory and Non-Discriminate Analysis of Mystopropanic Physics

Authors: Logan Morales, Alex Kashkin
Comments: 8 Pages.

According to all known laws of chemistry, mystopropane should not be able to form, but it does anyway because mystopropane does not care what humans think is impossible. Recent developments in the intense and very mysterious field of isobutane have revealed different forms of this strange molecule that have been shown to be created in new and novel ways that were previously thought to be impossible. Mystopropane is structurally very similar to isobutane and may look the same to the naked eye (considering one cannot see a molecule with the naked eye). The differences between isobutane and mystopropane will be revealed throughout this study, which will include the in-depth research of scientists like Daved Von Walkerheim II and Devang Deepak. The “Great Kacklehauser-Shimeryton Debate” will also be thoroughly mentioned because of its contributions to the continued research on mystopropane.
Category: Chemistry

[377] viXra:1910.0434 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-22 23:10:12

Machine Learning Alternatives for the Diagnosis of Adhd from Functional Connectivity and Phenotypic Information

Authors: Amrit Baveja
Comments: 43 Pages.

Current estimates are that 5-10% of school age children (including the author) suffer from ADHD, costing the US healthcare system alone over $36B. However, factors such as a revenue-motivated healthcare system and researcher confirmation bias make ADHD overdiagnosis a very real issue, and today, there continues to be no reliable technique for automated ADHD diagnosis in clinical use. This work’s objective was to improve upon previous attempts to develop machine learning models for automated ADHD diagnosis. For this project, the author used the ADHD200 dataset which was generated for an international competition in 2011. The author extended the competition’s approach in several ways: First, the author combined high coverage phenotypic features with the functional connectome features used previously. Next, the author used a random 20% test/train split cross-validated five times to avoid overfitting, rather than the previously used fixed test/train split. Third, the author used a broad range of newer models such as neural networks and deep forest. Finally, the author used newer hyperparameter optimization techniques to identify the best model parameters. The best model explored was the more recent gcForest model with automated optimization -- it improved the previous best ADHD F1 from 0.32 to 0.52, a substantial improvement in binary diagnostic performance.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[376] viXra:1910.0433 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-22 00:14:26

RTOP: A Conceptual and Computational Framework for General Intelligence

Authors: Shilpesh Garg
Comments: 17 Pages.

A novel general intelligence model is proposed with three types of learning. A unified sequence of the foreground percept trace and the command trace translates into direct and time-hop observation paths to form the basis of Raw learning. Raw learning includes the formation of image-image associations, which lead to the perception of temporal and spatial relationships among objects and object parts; and the formation of image-audio associations, which serve as the building blocks of language. Offline identification of similar segments in the observation paths and their subsequent reduction into a common segment through merging of memory nodes leads to Generalized learning. Generalization includes the formation of interpolated sensory nodes for robust and generic matching, the formation of sensory properties nodes for specific matching and superimposition, and the formation of group nodes for simpler logic pathways. Online superimposition of memory nodes across multiple predictions, primarily the superimposition of images on the internal projection canvas, gives rise to Innovative learning and thought. The learning of actions happens the same way as raw learning while the action determination happens through the utility model built into the raw learnings, the utility function being the pleasure and pain of the physical senses.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[375] viXra:1910.0432 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-22 01:40:33

Quantum World, Absolute Time , Schrodinger Equation and Pilot Waves.

Authors: Durgadas Datta.
Comments: 10 Pages. The meaning of Pilot wave in quantum world.

Modern physics is plagued by Copenhagen interpretation and relativistic space-time with a confusion on meaning of time . My pilot wave theory may give a direction to our misunderstanding from Copenhagen interpretation and a meaning of absolute time.
Category: Quantum Physics

[374] viXra:1910.0431 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-22 02:21:51

Quantum Knots Untie

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 26 Pages.

Our researchers were the first to produce these knots as part of a collaboration between Aalto University and Amherst College, U.S., and they have now studied how the knots behave over time. [17] The groundbreaking result sheds light on an elusive phenomenon whose existence, a natural outcome of the hundred-year-old theory of superconductivity, has long been speculated, but never actually observed. [16] Now a team of researchers from the University of Maryland (UMD) Department of Physics together with collaborators has seen exotic superconductivity that relies on highly unusual electron interactions. [15] A group of researchers from institutions in Korea and the United States has determined how to employ a type of electron microscopy to cause regions within an iron-based superconductor to flip between superconducting and non-superconducting states. [14] In new research, scientists at the University of Minnesota used a first-of-its-kind device to demonstrate a way to control the direction of the photocurrent without deploying an electric voltage. [13] Brown University researchers have demonstrated for the first time a method of substantially changing the spatial coherence of light. [12] Researchers at the University of Central Florida have generated what is being deemed the fastest light pulse ever developed. [11] Physicists at Chalmers University of Technology and Free University of Brussels have now found a method to significantly enhance optical force. [10] Nature Communications today published research by a team comprising Scottish and South African researchers, demonstrating entanglement swapping and teleportation of orbital angular momentum 'patterns' of light. [9] While physicists are continually looking for ways to unify the theory of relativity, which describes large-scale phenomena, with quantum theory, which describes small-scale phenomena, computer scientists are searching for technologies to build the quantum computer using Quantum Information. In August 2013, the achievement of "fully deterministic" quantum teleportation, using a hybrid technique, was reported. On 29 May 2014, scientists announced a reliable way of transferring data by quantum teleportation. Quantum teleportation of data had been done before but with highly unreliable methods. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron’s spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to build the Quantum Computer with the help of Quantum Information.
Category: Quantum Physics

[373] viXra:1910.0430 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-22 02:53:23

Strong Interaction of Light and Matter

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 27 Pages.

Researchers have succeeded in creating an efficient quantum-mechanical light-matter interface using a microscopic cavity. [18] Our researchers were the first to produce these knots as part of a collaboration between Aalto University and Amherst College, U.S., and they have now studied how the knots behave over time. [17] The groundbreaking result sheds light on an elusive phenomenon whose existence, a natural outcome of the hundred-year-old theory of superconductivity, has long been speculated, but never actually observed. [16] Now a team of researchers from the University of Maryland (UMD) Department of Physics together with collaborators has seen exotic superconductivity that relies on highly unusual electron interactions. [15] A group of researchers from institutions in Korea and the United States has determined how to employ a type of electron microscopy to cause regions within an iron-based superconductor to flip between superconducting and non-superconducting states. [14] In new research, scientists at the University of Minnesota used a first-of-its-kind device to demonstrate a way to control the direction of the photocurrent without deploying an electric voltage. [13] Brown University researchers have demonstrated for the first time a method of substantially changing the spatial coherence of light. [12] Researchers at the University of Central Florida have generated what is being deemed the fastest light pulse ever developed. [11] Physicists at Chalmers University of Technology and Free University of Brussels have now found a method to significantly enhance optical force. [10] Nature Communications today published research by a team comprising Scottish and South African researchers, demonstrating entanglement swapping and teleportation of orbital angular momentum 'patterns' of light. [9] While physicists are continually looking for ways to unify the theory of relativity, which describes large-scale phenomena, with quantum theory, which describes small-scale phenomena, computer scientists are searching for technologies to build the quantum computer using Quantum Information. In August 2013, the achievement of "fully deterministic" quantum teleportation, using a hybrid technique, was reported. On 29 May 2014, scientists announced a reliable way of transferring data by quantum teleportation. Quantum teleportation of data had been done before but with highly unreliable methods. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to build the Quantum Computer with the help of Quantum Information.
Category: Quantum Physics

[372] viXra:1910.0429 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-22 03:23:29

An Insight Into Mathematics Behind Rabin Finger Printing to Develop QRNG/ ML-Machine Learning/c/ruby/ruby-LLVM/LLVM-Polly/iot/aot/hpc – High Performance Computing Heterogeneous Systems/environments.

Authors: Nirmal Tej Kumar
Comments: 2 Pages. Short Communication & Technical Notes

An Insight into Mathematics behind Rabin Finger Printing to Develop QRNG/ML-Machine Learning/C/Ruby/Ruby-LLVM/LLVM-Polly/IoT/AoT/HPC – High Performance Computing Heterogeneous Systems/Environments.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[371] viXra:1910.0428 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-22 03:44:17

DUNE Discoveries about Solar Neutrinos

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 65 Pages.

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is an international research collaboration aimed at exploring topics related to neutrinos and proton decay, which should start collecting data around 2025. [37] This new measurement constitutes an interesting confirmation of the standard cosmological model which links the production of neutrinos one second after the Big Bang to the clustering of galaxies billions of years later. [36] The history of the universe is predicated on the idea that, compared to today, the universe was hotter and more symmetric in its early phase. [35] The universe consists of a massive imbalance between matter and antimatter. [34] Our universe could be the mirror image of an antimatter universe extending backwards in time before the Big Bang. [33] "As you celebrate New Year's Day, cast an eye upward and think for a moment about the amazing things our country and our species can do when we set our minds to it," Stern wrote in the New York Times on Monday. [32] Our senses are stuck in the past. There's a flash of lightning, and then seconds pass until we hear the rumble of distant thunder. We hear the past. [31] ESA's technical centre in the Netherlands has begun running a pulsar-based clock. The "PulChron' system measures the passing of time using millisecond-frequency radio pulses from multiple fast-spinning neutron stars. [30] VR is an almost perfect avenue for this approach, since it has been surging in popularity as both entertainment and an educational tool. [29] Using MAGIC telescopes and NASA's Fermi spacecraft, an international team of astronomers has discovered a new source of very high energy gamma-ray emission around the supernova remnant (SNR) G24.7+0.6. [28] In 1973, Russian physicist A.B. Migdal predicted the phenomenon of pion condensation above a critical, extremely high-several times higher than that for normal matter-nuclear density. [27]
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[370] viXra:1910.0427 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-22 04:05:49

Distribution of Accurate Time Signals

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 29 Pages.

JILA physicists and collaborators have demonstrated the first next-generation "time scale"-a system that incorporates data from multiple atomic clocks to produce a single highly accurate timekeeping signal for distribution. [19] Researchers have succeeded in creating an efficient quantum-mechanical light-matter interface using a microscopic cavity. [18] Our researchers were the first to produce these knots as part of a collaboration between Aalto University and Amherst College, U.S., and they have now studied how the knots behave over time. [17] The groundbreaking result sheds light on an elusive phenomenon whose existence, a natural outcome of the hundred-year-old theory of superconductivity, has long been speculated, but never actually observed. [16] Now a team of researchers from the University of Maryland (UMD) Department of Physics together with collaborators has seen exotic superconductivity that relies on highly unusual electron interactions. [15] A group of researchers from institutions in Korea and the United States has determined how to employ a type of electron microscopy to cause regions within an iron-based superconductor to flip between superconducting and non-superconducting states. [14] In new research, scientists at the University of Minnesota used a first-of-its-kind device to demonstrate a way to control the direction of the photocurrent without deploying an electric voltage. [13] Brown University researchers have demonstrated for the first time a method of substantially changing the spatial coherence of light. [12] Researchers at the University of Central Florida have generated what is being deemed the fastest light pulse ever developed. [11] Physicists at Chalmers University of Technology and Free University of Brussels have now found a method to significantly enhance optical force. [10] Nature Communications today published research by a team comprising Scottish and South African researchers, demonstrating entanglement swapping and teleportation of orbital angular momentum 'patterns' of light. [9] While physicists are continually looking for ways to unify the theory of relativity, which describes large-scale phenomena, with quantum theory, which describes small-scale phenomena, computer scientists are searching for technologies to build the quantum computer using Quantum Information. In August 2013, the achievement of "fully deterministic" quantum teleportation, using a hybrid technique, was reported. On 29 May 2014, scientists announced a reliable way of transferring data by quantum teleportation. Quantum teleportation of data had been done before but with highly unreliable methods. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to build the Quantum Computer with the help of Quantum Information.
Category: Quantum Physics

[369] viXra:1910.0426 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-22 04:24:16

Cell Stiffness Indicate Tumors

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 59 Pages.

Engineers at MIT and elsewhere have tracked the evolution of individual cells within an initially benign tumor, showing how the physical properties of those cells drive the tumor to become invasive, or metastatic. [38] The new treatment employs the alpha particle emitting radionuclide 225Ac. Alpha particles travel a short distance in tissue, thereby limiting their off-target effect. [37] Minimally invasive surgery is increasingly used to target small lesions and a growing demand exists for miniaturized medical tools. [36] Agricultural Research Service (ARS) scientists, in cooperation with Pacific Biosciences and Penn State University, have published the first genome of the invasive Spotted Lanternfly (SLF) in the journal Gigascience and they did it from a single caught-in-the-wild specimen. [35]
Category: Physics of Biology

[368] viXra:1910.0425 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-22 05:10:11

Quantum Photonics

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 31 Pages.

UC Santa Barbara engineer Galan Moody, an assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering, has proposed a solution to overcome the poor efficiency and performance of existing quantum computing prototypes that use light to encode and process information. [20] JILA physicists and collaborators have demonstrated the first next-generation "time scale"-a system that incorporates data from multiple atomic clocks to produce a single highly accurate timekeeping signal for distribution. [19] Researchers have succeeded in creating an efficient quantum-mechanical light-matter interface using a microscopic cavity. [18] Our researchers were the first to produce these knots as part of a collaboration between Aalto University and Amherst College, U.S., and they have now studied how the knots behave over time. [17] The groundbreaking result sheds light on an elusive phenomenon whose existence, a natural outcome of the hundred-year-old theory of superconductivity, has long been speculated, but never actually observed. [16] Now a team of researchers from the University of Maryland (UMD) Department of Physics together with collaborators has seen exotic superconductivity that relies on highly unusual electron interactions. [15] A group of researchers from institutions in Korea and the United States has determined how to employ a type of electron microscopy to cause regions within an iron-based superconductor to flip between superconducting and non-superconducting states. [14] In new research, scientists at the University of Minnesota used a first-of-its-kind device to demonstrate a way to control the direction of the photocurrent without deploying an electric voltage. [13] Brown University researchers have demonstrated for the first time a method of substantially changing the spatial coherence of light. [12] Researchers at the University of Central Florida have generated what is being deemed the fastest light pulse ever developed. [11] Physicists at Chalmers University of Technology and Free University of Brussels have now found a method to significantly enhance optical force. [10] Nature Communications today published research by a team comprising Scottish and South African researchers, demonstrating entanglement swapping and teleportation of orbital angular momentum 'patterns' of light. [9] While physicists are continually looking for ways to unify the theory of relativity, which describes large-scale phenomena, with quantum theory, which describes small-scale phenomena, computer scientists are searching for technologies to build the quantum computer using Quantum Information. In August 2013, the achievement of "fully deterministic" quantum teleportation, using a hybrid technique, was reported. On 29 May 2014, scientists announced a reliable way of transferring data by quantum teleportation. Quantum teleportation of data had been done before but with highly unreliable methods. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to build the Quantum Computer with the help of Quantum Information.
Category: Quantum Physics

[367] viXra:1910.0424 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-22 06:25:15

Atomic-Scale Magnetic Signal

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 32 Pages.

Probing the properties of a Mott insulator, a team of researchers from Boston College, MIT, and U.C. Santa Barbara has revealed an elusive atomic-scale magnetic signal in the unique material as it transitions from insulator to a metal, the team reported recently in the journal Nature Physics. [21] UC Santa Barbara engineer Galan Moody, an assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering, has proposed a solution to overcome the poor efficiency and performance of existing quantum computing prototypes that use light to encode and process information. [20] JILA physicists and collaborators have demonstrated the first next-generation "time scale"-a system that incorporates data from multiple atomic clocks to produce a single highly accurate timekeeping signal for distribution. [19] Researchers have succeeded in creating an efficient quantum-mechanical light-matter interface using a microscopic cavity. [18] Our researchers were the first to produce these knots as part of a collaboration between Aalto University and Amherst College, U.S., and they have now studied how the knots behave over time. [17] The groundbreaking result sheds light on an elusive phenomenon whose existence, a natural outcome of the hundred-year-old theory of superconductivity, has long been speculated, but never actually observed. [16] Now a team of researchers from the University of Maryland (UMD) Department of Physics together with collaborators has seen exotic superconductivity that relies on highly unusual electron interactions. [15] A group of researchers from institutions in Korea and the United States has determined how to employ a type of electron microscopy to cause regions within an iron-based superconductor to flip between superconducting and non-superconducting states. [14] In new research, scientists at the University of Minnesota used a first-of-its-kind device to demonstrate a way to control the direction of the photocurrent without deploying an electric voltage. [13] Brown University researchers have demonstrated for the first time a method of substantially changing the spatial coherence of light. [12]
Category: Quantum Physics

[366] viXra:1910.0423 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-22 06:39:31

A Computer Violation of the Chsh

Authors: Han Geurdes
Comments: 11 Pages.

If a clear no-go for Einsteinian hidden parameters is real, it must be in no way possible to violate the CHSH with local hidden variable computer simulation. In the paper we show that with the use of a modified Glauber-Sudarshan method it is possible to violate the CHSH. The criterion value comes close to the quantum value and is $> 2$. The proof is presented with the use of an R computer program. The important snippets of the code are discussed and the complete code is presented in an appendix.
Category: Quantum Physics

[365] viXra:1910.0422 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-22 06:40:43

Quantum Hall Edges of Graphene

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 33 Pages.

Combining our nano-SQUID on tip with scanning gate measurements in the quantum Hall phase of graphene we were able to measure and identify work and heat dissipation processes separately. [22] Probing the properties of a Mott insulator, a team of researchers from Boston College, MIT, and U.C. Santa Barbara has revealed an elusive atomic-scale magnetic signal in the unique material as it transitions from insulator to a metal, the team reported recently in the journal Nature Physics. [21] UC Santa Barbara engineer Galan Moody, an assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering, has proposed a solution to overcome the poor efficiency and performance of existing quantum computing prototypes that use light to encode and process information. [20] JILA physicists and collaborators have demonstrated the first next-generation "time scale"-a system that incorporates data from multiple atomic clocks to produce a single highly accurate timekeeping signal for distribution. [19] Researchers have succeeded in creating an efficient quantum-mechanical light-matter interface using a microscopic cavity. [18] Our researchers were the first to produce these knots as part of a collaboration between Aalto University and Amherst College, U.S., and they have now studied how the knots behave over time. [17] The groundbreaking result sheds light on an elusive phenomenon whose existence, a natural outcome of the hundred-year-old theory of superconductivity, has long been speculated, but never actually observed. [16] Now a team of researchers from the University of Maryland (UMD) Department of Physics together with collaborators has seen exotic superconductivity that relies on highly unusual electron interactions. [15] A group of researchers from institutions in Korea and the United States has determined how to employ a type of electron microscopy to cause regions within an iron-based superconductor to flip between superconducting and non-superconducting states. [14] In new research, scientists at the University of Minnesota used a first-of-its-kind device to demonstrate a way to control the direction of the photocurrent without deploying an electric voltage. [13]
Category: Condensed Matter

[364] viXra:1910.0421 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-22 07:09:26

Optical Imaging Quality Assurance

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 50 Pages.

Optical scintillation imaging is proving feasible as a quality assurance (QA) tool for small static beams and for pre-treatment verification of radiosurgery and volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans. [32] Tweaking the design of microring sensors enhances their sensitivity without adding more implementation complexity. [31] Large-scale plasmonic metasurfaces could find use in flat panel displays and other devices that can change colour thanks to recent work by researchers at the University of Cambridge in the UK. [30] Particles in solution can grow, transport, collide, interact, and aggregate into complex shapes and structures. [29] Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) researchers are working to make better electronic devices by delving into the way nanocrystals are arranged inside of them. [28] Self-assembly and crystallisation of nanoparticles (NPs) is generally a complex process, based on the evaporation or precipitation of NP-building blocks. [27] New nanoparticle-based films that are more than 80 times thinner than a human hair may help to fill this need by providing materials that can holographically archive more than 1000 times more data than a DVD in a 10-by-10-centimeter piece of film. [26] Researches of scientists from South Ural State University are implemented within this area. [25] Following three years of extensive research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HU) physicist Dr. Uriel Levy and his team have created technology that will enable computers and all optic communication devices to run 100 times faster through terahertz microchips. [24] When the energy efficiency of electronics poses a challenge, magnetic materials may have a solution. [23] An exotic state of matter that is dazzling scientists with its electrical properties, can also exhibit unusual optical properties, as shown in a theoretical study by researchers at A*STAR. [22]
Category: Physics of Biology

[363] viXra:1910.0420 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-22 07:28:47

Vertical Conductivity of 2D Materials

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 52 Pages.

Extrusion-based 3D printing can vertically align 2D nanosheets to improve heat and electricity transport perpendicular to the sheet plane, report researchers at the University of Maryland. [33] Optical scintillation imaging is proving feasible as a quality assurance (QA) tool for small static beams and for pre-treatment verification of radiosurgery and volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans. [32] Tweaking the design of microring sensors enhances their sensitivity without adding more implementation complexity. [31] Large-scale plasmonic metasurfaces could find use in flat panel displays and other devices that can change colour thanks to recent work by researchers at the University of Cambridge in the UK. [30] Particles in solution can grow, transport, collide, interact, and aggregate into complex shapes and structures. [29] Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) researchers are working to make better electronic devices by delving into the way nanocrystals are arranged inside of them. [28] Self-assembly and crystallisation of nanoparticles (NPs) is generally a complex process, based on the evaporation or precipitation of NP-building blocks. [27] New nanoparticle-based films that are more than 80 times thinner than a human hair may help to fill this need by providing materials that can holographically archive more than 1000 times more data than a DVD in a 10-by-10-centimeter piece of film. [26] Researches of scientists from South Ural State University are implemented within this area. [25] Following three years of extensive research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HU) physicist Dr. Uriel Levy and his team have created technology that will enable computers and all optic communication devices to run 100 times faster through terahertz microchips. [24] When the energy efficiency of electronics poses a challenge, magnetic materials may have a solution. [23]
Category: Condensed Matter

[362] viXra:1910.0416 [pdf] replaced on 2019-10-22 15:42:46

Some Thoughts on Negative Mass

Authors: Jeremy Dunning-Davies, Richard Lawrence Norman
Comments: 2 Pages.

Following the appearance of several recent articles on the topic of negative mass, it is possibly of interest to mention some other work associated with this which appeared some years ago and was reviewed in a long article which has just appeared on this site1.
Category: Classical Physics

[361] viXra:1910.0415 [pdf] replaced on 2019-10-29 21:24:04

Dark Matter and Relativity

Authors: Mohan Basnet
Comments: 5 Pages.

This is alternate explanation for the problem related with dark matter with out modifying gravity. Geometry of spacetime might work differently in large scale than we Think. just adding a simple term in the Einstein field equation, we can balance out the he problem related to dark matter and dark energy. Gravity is a long distance force and gets weaker on increase in distance but it never get ZERO. Curvature in the space-time can be add up and merge together to form a bigger curvature and it gets more smoother and stable. This model helps to visualize how curvature of the space-time works from the planets to galaxy. I do believe that this theory is the ultimate answer for the dark matter, but again just I believe in this theory, it does not necessary to be right, it has to be test and verify with different data.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[360] viXra:1910.0414 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-21 19:54:08

Divergence Series and Integrals From the Viewpoint of the Division by Zero Calculus

Authors: Saburou Saitoh
Comments: 8 Pages. In this short note, we would like to refer to the fundamental new interpretations that for the fundamental expansion $1/(1-z) = \sum_{j=0}^{\infty} z^j$ it is valid in the sense $0=0$ for $z=1$, for the integral $\int_1^{\infty} 1/x dx $ it is zero and i

In this short note, we would like to refer to the fundamental new interpretations that for the fundamental expansion $1/(1-z) = \sum_{j=0}^{\infty} z^j$ it is valid in the sense $0=0$ for $z=1$, for the integral $\int_1^{\infty} 1/x dx $ it is zero and in the formula $\int_0^{\infty} J_0(\lambda t) dt = 1/\lambda$, it is valid with $0=0$ for $\lambda =0$ in the sense of the division by zero.
Category: Functions and Analysis

[359] viXra:1910.0411 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-21 03:47:35

On Prime NumbersⅪ

Authors: Yuji Masuda
Comments: 1 Page.

This is primes⑪
Category: Number Theory

[358] viXra:1910.0410 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-21 04:55:23

On Gravitational Collapse (Revised)

Authors: R. Wayte.
Comments: 7 Pages.

Gravitational collapse of diffuse material has been investigated using a new solution of Einstein’s equations of general relativity. This obviates the theory of black-hole formation developed for the standard vacuum solution of Schwarzschild. The bodies which now form have reasonable physical properties, such as nuclear hard core density in collapsed stars, or 104kg/l in galactic centres. Accreting material converts to kinetic energy then radiation so that a singularity cannot be produced.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[357] viXra:1910.0409 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-21 05:44:41

Data Mining Earth's Biodiversity

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 38 Pages.

Once the data are available, they are immediately distributed to global biodiversity platforms, such as GBIF—the Global Biodiversity Information Facility. [24] Researchers at Oregon State University have used deep learning to decipher which ribonucleic acids have the potential to encode proteins. [23] A new method allows researchers to systematically identify specialized proteins that unpack DNA inside the nucleus of a cell, making the usually dense DNA more accessible for gene expression and other functions. [22]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[356] viXra:1910.0408 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-21 06:10:01

Origin of Cosmic and Technogenic Radiations and the Protection Against Them of Health on Earth and in Space

Authors: Korniienko V., Turkin M., Vikulin.I
Comments: 15 Pages. in English

It is shown that the geopathic radiations (GR) are space radiations. At the same time the origin of GR is not proved, but it is known that their influence causes diseases. At the same time we found out that at deformation of any matter it generates S-radiations which have the same properties as GR. The origin of S-radiations is caused by the fact that matter consists of elementary particles which interaction of energy forms in it the quantum electromagnetic field (QEF). Therefore deformation of matter causes indignation of its QEF in the form of S-radiations which consist of waves of quantum electromagnetic energy. This device of matter is inherent in all bodies of the Universe. Therefore influence of various forces cause deformation of matter of these bodies and indignation of its QEF in the form of space S-radiations which filled Space. For the same reason QEF of matter of Earth also generates S-radiations, which are known as GR that discloses their origin. It is shown also that availability in matter of QEF causes property of electric generators together with electric current to develop quantum currents. The equipment will transform them to technogenic S-radiations, which influence, as well as GR, causes diseases. Therefore to lower number of diseases, it is necessary to limit, on the basis of standards, the level of S-radiations in the world equipment, in buildings and spaceships.
Category: Condensed Matter

[355] viXra:1910.0407 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-21 06:15:31

Physics of White Dwarf Stars

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 33 Pages.

State University has recently discovered that Wigner crystallization inside white dwarfs can be studied in the lab using a new class of classical systems, called gravity crystals. [26] Scientists from the Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, and their colleagues from the international ALICE collaboration recently collided xenon nuclei in the superconducting Large Hadron Collider in order to gain new insights into the properties of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). [25] On October 16, 2017, an international group of astronomers and physicists excitedly reported the first simultaneous detection of light and gravitational waves from the same source—a merger of two neutron stars. [24]
Category: Astrophysics

[354] viXra:1910.0406 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-21 07:45:49

Lasers Study How Star Stuff is Made

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 35 Pages.

On a typical day at the world's biggest laser, the National Ignition Facility (NIF) in Livermore, California, you can find scientists casually making star-like conditions using 192 high-powered lasers. [27] State University has recently discovered that Wigner crystallization inside white dwarfs can be studied in the lab using a new class of classical systems, called gravity crystals. [26] Scientists from the Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, and their colleagues from the international ALICE collaboration recently collided xenon nuclei in the superconducting Large Hadron Collider in order to gain new insights into the properties of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). [25]
Category: Astrophysics

[353] viXra:1910.0405 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-21 08:08:47

Magnetic Reconnection Discovery

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 75 Pages.

Magnetic reconnection, a process in which magnetic field lines tear and come back together, releasing large amounts of kinetic energy, occurs throughout the universe. [42] Plasma particle accelerators more powerful than existing machines could help probe some of the outstanding mysteries of our universe, as well as make leaps forward in cancer treatment and security scanning-all in a package that's around a thousandth of the size of current accelerators. [41] The Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory has started to assemble a new facility for revolutionary accelerator technologies that could make future accelerators 100 to 1,000 times smaller and boost their capabilities. [40] The authors designed a mechanism based on the deployment of a transport barrier to confine the particles and prevent them from moving from one region of the accelerator to another. "There is strong experimental evidence that there is indeed some new physics lurking in the lepton sector," Dev said. [38] Now, in a new result unveiled today at the Neutrino 2018 conference in Heidelberg, Germany, the collaboration has announced its first results using antineutrinos, and has seen strong evidence of muon antineutrinos oscillating into electron antineutrinos over long distances, a phenomenon that has never been unambiguously observed. [37] The Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum Experiment (PROSPECT) has completed the installation of a novel antineutrino detector that will probe the possible existence of a new form of matter. [36] The MINERvA collaboration analyzed data from the interactions of an antineutrino-the antimatter partner of a neutrino-with a nucleus. [35] The inclusion of short-range interactions in models of neutrinoless double-beta decay could impact the interpretation of experimental searches for the elusive decay. [34]
Category: Astrophysics

[352] viXra:1910.0404 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-21 08:18:49

Is Nuclear Fusion Worth the Wait? the Greenhouse as a Red Herring

Authors: Sosale Chandrasekhar
Comments: 12 Pages.

Nuclear fusion seems unviable in view of the invalidity of the familiar nuclear binding energy curve (as previously argued at length). Unsurprisingly, therefore, clear-cut cases of nuclear fusion are practically non-existent (at least in the public domain). Recent reports, intriguingly, indicate renewed interest in nuclear fusion by both public and private agencies. As the fundamental basis of fusion seems dubious, perhaps a more circumspect approach – in view of the enormous investments involved – is indicated. Furthermore, fusion is being seen as an attractive alternative to fossil fuels, which are associated with greenhouse gas emissions. However, there are apparently serious problems with the current view of global warming, in particular the neglect of atmospheric heating via Raman scattering of visible light by N2 and O2, as also the possibility that the greenhouse gases emit infrared radiation ‘spontaneously’ via thermal excitation. These considerations indicate a fundamental reappraisal of current approaches to global warming and the search for alternative energies.
Category: Chemistry

[351] viXra:1910.0403 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-21 08:38:35

Speedy Ions in Fusion Plasmas

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 74 Pages.

A team at the DIII-D National Fusion Facility recently took a different approach to studying these difficult-to-measure particles. [42] Plasma particle accelerators more powerful than existing machines could help probe some of the outstanding mysteries of our universe, as well as make leaps forward in cancer treatment and security scanning-all in a package that's around a thousandth of the size of current accelerators. [41] The Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory has started to assemble a new facility for revolutionary accelerator technologies that could make future accelerators 100 to 1,000 times smaller and boost their capabilities. [40] The authors designed a mechanism based on the deployment of a transport barrier to confine the particles and prevent them from moving from one region of the accelerator to another. "There is strong experimental evidence that there is indeed some new physics lurking in the lepton sector," Dev said. [38] Now, in a new result unveiled today at the Neutrino 2018 conference in Heidelberg, Germany, the collaboration has announced its first results using antineutrinos, and has seen strong evidence of muon antineutrinos oscillating into electron antineutrinos over long distances, a phenomenon that has never been unambiguously observed. [37] The Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum Experiment (PROSPECT) has completed the installation of a novel antineutrino detector that will probe the possible existence of a new form of matter. [36] The MINERvA collaboration analyzed data from the interactions of an antineutrino-the antimatter partner of a neutrino-with a nucleus. [35] The inclusion of short-range interactions in models of neutrinoless double-beta decay could impact the interpretation of experimental searches for the elusive decay. [34] The occasional decay of neutrons into dark matter particles could solve a long-standing discrepancy in neutron decay experiments. [33]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[350] viXra:1910.0402 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-21 09:11:28

The Calculated Diameter of the Space-Time Quantum (Quanton)

Authors: Vladimir Leonov
Comments: 8 Pages, 4 Figures

The diameter of the quantum of space-time (quanton) cannot be found experimentally, given that the diameter of the quanton 10^—25 m is ten orders of magnitude smaller than the classical radius 10^—15 m of the electron. The region of such small sizes 10^—25 m belongs to the region of the ultra microworld. We do not have devices that could look inside the quantized space-time. We can penetrate into the region of the ultra microworld of quantons only by the power of our mind using mathematical calculations. To perform this work requires an ingenious theoretical physicst. Prior to this, no one has managed to penetrate the power of the mind into the interior of quantized space-time in the region of the ultra microworld of quantons 10^—25 m. The diameter of a quanton 10^–25 m is a new fundamental length — Leonov's length. It establishes the discreteness of quantized space-time, and it is 10 orders of magnitude greater than the Planck length of 10^–35 m.
Category: Quantum Physics

[349] viXra:1910.0401 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-21 09:51:29

Pesky Waves in Fusion Plasmas

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 75 Pages.

Without this detailed understanding, scientists cannot reliably predict how to effectively heat plasma, affecting the design of fusion facilities and potentially limiting fusion performance in tokamak fusion devices. [43] A team at the DIII-D National Fusion Facility recently took a different approach to studying these difficult-to-measure particles. [42] Plasma particle accelerators more powerful than existing machines could help probe some of the outstanding mysteries of our universe, as well as make leaps forward in cancer treatment and security scanning-all in a package that's around a thousandth of the size of current accelerators. [41] The Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory has started to assemble a new facility for revolutionary accelerator technologies that could make future accelerators 100 to 1,000 times smaller and boost their capabilities. [40] The authors designed a mechanism based on the deployment of a transport barrier to confine the particles and prevent them from moving from one region of the accelerator to another. "There is strong experimental evidence that there is indeed some new physics lurking in the lepton sector," Dev said. [38] Now, in a new result unveiled today at the Neutrino 2018 conference in Heidelberg, Germany, the collaboration has announced its first results using antineutrinos, and has seen strong evidence of muon antineutrinos oscillating into electron antineutrinos over long distances, a phenomenon that has never been unambiguously observed. [37] The Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum Experiment (PROSPECT) has completed the installation of a novel antineutrino detector that will probe the possible existence of a new form of matter. [36] The MINERvA collaboration analyzed data from the interactions of an antineutrino-the antimatter partner of a neutrino-with a nucleus. [35]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[348] viXra:1910.0400 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-21 10:01:20

On the Maximum X Entropy Negation of a Complex-Valued Distribution

Authors: Fuyuan Xiao
Comments: 2 Pages.

In this paper, we propose a generalized model of the negation function, so that it can has more powerful capability to represent the knowledge and uncertainty measure. In particular, we first define a vector representation of complex-valued distribution. Then, an entropy measure is proposed for the complex-valued distribution, called X entropy. After that, a transformation function to acquire the negation of the complex-valued distribution is exploited. Finally, we verify that the proposed negation method has a maximal entropy.x
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[347] viXra:1910.0398 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-21 10:06:13

Magnetic Island Instabilities

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 76 Pages.

Fusion reactors operate by confining a "soup" of charged particles, known as a plasma, within powerful magnetic fields. [44] Without this detailed understanding, scientists cannot reliably predict how to effectively heat plasma, affecting the design of fusion facilities and potentially limiting fusion performance in tokamak fusion devices. [43] A team at the DIII-D National Fusion Facility recently took a different approach to studying these difficult-to-measure particles. [42] Plasma particle accelerators more powerful than existing machines could help probe some of the outstanding mysteries of our universe, as well as make leaps forward in cancer treatment and security scanning-all in a package that's around a thousandth of the size of current accelerators. [41] The Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory has started to assemble a new facility for revolutionary accelerator technologies that could make future accelerators 100 to 1,000 times smaller and boost their capabilities. [40] The authors designed a mechanism based on the deployment of a transport barrier to confine the particles and prevent them from moving from one region of the accelerator to another. "There is strong experimental evidence that there is indeed some new physics lurking in the lepton sector," Dev said. [38] Now, in a new result unveiled today at the Neutrino 2018 conference in Heidelberg, Germany, the collaboration has announced its first results using antineutrinos, and has seen strong evidence of muon antineutrinos oscillating into electron antineutrinos over long distances, a phenomenon that has never been unambiguously observed. [37] The Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum Experiment (PROSPECT) has completed the installation of a novel antineutrino detector that will probe the possible existence of a new form of matter. [36]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[346] viXra:1910.0397 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-21 10:31:19

Magneto-Inertial Fusion Experiment

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 78 Pages.

Most fusion experiments employ either magnetic confinement, which relies on powerful magnetic fields to contain a fusion plasma, or inertial confinement, which uses heat and compression to create the conditions for fusion. [45] Fusion reactors operate by confining a "soup" of charged particles, known as a plasma, within powerful magnetic fields. [44] Without this detailed understanding, scientists cannot reliably predict how to effectively heat plasma, affecting the design of fusion facilities and potentially limiting fusion performance in tokamak fusion devices. [43] A team at the DIII-D National Fusion Facility recently took a different approach to studying these difficult-to-measure particles. [42] Plasma particle accelerators more powerful than existing machines could help probe some of the outstanding mysteries of our universe, as well as make leaps forward in cancer treatment and security scanning-all in a package that's around a thousandth of the size of current accelerators. [41] The Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory has started to assemble a new facility for revolutionary accelerator technologies that could make future accelerators 100 to 1,000 times smaller and boost their capabilities. [40] The authors designed a mechanism based on the deployment of a transport barrier to confine the particles and prevent them from moving from one region of the accelerator to another. "There is strong experimental evidence that there is indeed some new physics lurking in the lepton sector," Dev said. [38] Now, in a new result unveiled today at the Neutrino 2018 conference in Heidelberg, Germany, the collaboration has announced its first results using antineutrinos, and has seen strong evidence of muon antineutrinos oscillating into electron antineutrinos over long distances, a phenomenon that has never been unambiguously observed. [37]
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[345] viXra:1910.0396 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-21 10:57:06

Earth Moon moves with 2 Rates Of Time (Part VI)

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 17 Pages.

We still try to understand the data… (1) Mercury Day Period = 2 Mercury Orbital Periods =3 Mercury rotation periods (2) Uranus Orbital Distance = 2 Saturn Orbital Distances (3) Also I have claimed that Moon Daily Displacement 88000 km is used As 2 x 88000 km Shortly Why The Rate 2: 1 Is Found In The Solar System Geometry? Paper Hypothesis Mercury Periods Data causes The Moon Daily Displacement 88000 km to be used in double value = 2 x 88000 km The Moon Daily Displacement (88000 km) effects On Mercury Periods Data
Category: Astrophysics

[344] viXra:1910.0395 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-21 11:38:49

Anti-gravity Inverse Yeet Theorem

Authors: Siddharth Bhatt
Comments: 1 Page.

When working with fractions, gravity always acts towards the division bar. This leads to a very non-intuitive result when yeeting a coefficient into the index. Since inverse yeeting is now done along the direction of gravity, the number itself gets inverted after reaching the index.
Category: Number Theory

[343] viXra:1910.0394 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-21 12:11:48

Compact Fusion Power Plants

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 80 Pages.

Researchers at the DIII-D National Fusion Facility in San Diego have demonstrated a new approach for injecting microwaves into a fusion plasma that doubles the efficiency of a critical technique that could have major implications for future fusion reactors. [46] Most fusion experiments employ either magnetic confinement, which relies on powerful magnetic fields to contain a fusion plasma, or inertial confinement, which uses heat and compression to create the conditions for fusion. [45] Fusion reactors operate by confining a "soup" of charged particles, known as a plasma, within powerful magnetic fields. [44] Without this detailed understanding, scientists cannot reliably predict how to effectively heat plasma, affecting the design of fusion facilities and potentially limiting fusion performance in tokamak fusion devices. [43] A team at the DIII-D National Fusion Facility recently took a different approach to studying these difficult-to-measure particles. [42] Plasma particle accelerators more powerful than existing machines could help probe some of the outstanding mysteries of our universe, as well as make leaps forward in cancer treatment and security scanning-all in a package that's around a thousandth of the size of current accelerators. [41] The Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory has started to assemble a new facility for revolutionary accelerator technologies that could make future accelerators 100 to 1,000 times smaller and boost their capabilities. [40] The authors designed a mechanism based on the deployment of a transport barrier to confine the particles and prevent them from moving from one region of the accelerator to another. "There is strong experimental evidence that there is indeed some new physics lurking in the lepton sector," Dev said. [38]
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[342] viXra:1910.0393 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-21 12:25:40

Foundation Armenian Theory of Special Relativity

Authors: Robert Nazaryan, Hayk Nazaryan
Comments: 58 Pages. 03 August 2017, Germany, ISBN: 978-620-2-01092-4

In this first volume of our main scientific research We showed that the «Armenian Theory of Special Relativity» is full of fine and difficult ideas to understand, which in many cases seems to conflict with our everyday experiences and legacy conceptions. This new crash course book is the simplified version for broad audiences. This book is not just generalizing transformation equations and all relativistic formulas; It is also without limitations and uses a pure mathematical approach to bring forth new revolutionary ideas in the theory of relativity. It also paves the way to build general theory of relativity and finally for the construction of the unified field theory – the ultimate dream of every truth seeking physicist. Armenian Theory of Relativity is such a mathematically solid and perfect theory that it cannot be wrong. Therefore, our derived transformation equations and all relativistic formulas have the potential to not just replace legacy relativity formulas, but also rewrite all modern physics. Lorentz transformation equations and other relativistic formulas is a very special case of the Armenian Theory of Relativity when we put s = 0 and g = -1 . The proofs in this book are very brief, therefore with just a little effort, the readers themselves can prove all the provided formulas in detail. You can find the more detailed proofs of the formulas in our main research book «Armenian Theory of Special Relativity», published in Armenia of June 2013. In this visual book, you will set your eyes on many new and beautiful formulas which the world has never seen before, especially the crown jewel of the Armenian Theory of Relativity - Armenian energy and Armenian momentum formulas, which can change the future of the human species and bring forth the new golden age. The time has come to reincarnate the ether as a universal reference medium which does not contradict relativity theory. Our new theory explains all these facts and peacefully brings together followers of absolute ether theory, relativistic ether theory and dark energy theory. We just need to mention that the absolute ether medium has a very complex geometric character, which has never been seen before.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[341] viXra:1910.0392 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-21 12:25:47

World Record Acceleration

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 81 Pages.

To understand the fundamental nature of our universe, scientists would like to build particle colliders that accelerate electrons and their antimatter counterparts (positrons) to extreme energies (up to tera electron volts, or TeV). [47] Researchers at the DIII-D National Fusion Facility in San Diego have demonstrated a new approach for injecting microwaves into a fusion plasma that doubles the efficiency of a critical technique that could have major implications for future fusion reactors. [46] Most fusion experiments employ either magnetic confinement, which relies on powerful magnetic fields to contain a fusion plasma, or inertial confinement, which uses heat and compression to create the conditions for fusion. [45] Fusion reactors operate by confining a "soup" of charged particles, known as a plasma, within powerful magnetic fields. [44] Without this detailed understanding, scientists cannot reliably predict how to effectively heat plasma, affecting the design of fusion facilities and potentially limiting fusion performance in tokamak fusion devices. [43] A team at the DIII-D National Fusion Facility recently took a different approach to studying these difficult-to-measure particles. [42] Plasma particle accelerators more powerful than existing machines could help probe some of the outstanding mysteries of our universe, as well as make leaps forward in cancer treatment and security scanning-all in a package that's around a thousandth of the size of current accelerators. [41] The Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory has started to assemble a new facility for revolutionary accelerator technologies that could make future accelerators 100 to 1,000 times smaller and boost their capabilities. [40]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[340] viXra:1910.0391 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-21 12:32:02

Foundation Armenian Theory of General Relativity

Authors: Robert Nazaryan, Hayk Nazaryan
Comments: 60 Pages. 03 August 2017, Germany, ISBN: 978-620-2-01092-4

Armenian Theory of General Relativity -------- In this new - second volume of the visual crash course of "Armenian Theory of General Relativity", which is organic sequel of the first volume, we discuss the case (Case B), where observing coordinate systems moving against each other with arbitrary acceleration. We use the most general considerations and a pure mathematical approach, and in so doing, we build a theory of general relativity (kinematics) and received Armenian direct and inverse transformation equations for observed particle coordinates differentials. Our visual book, which is made for broad audiences of physicists, does not only generalize legacy theory of general relativity formulas, but also using almost the same axioms, we succeeded to build more logical and correct theory of general relativity in one physical dimension (for now kinematics only), which has two additional new constants (s and g). Our received Armenian direct and inverse transformation equations we can also obtain in a very easy way from the Armenian Theory of Special Relativity (volume A) transformation equations, by just taking particle’s infinitesimal coordinates, where reciprocal relative velocities between observing systems are instantaneous variable velocities. But we prefer to go hard way to show the fact that Armenian Theory of Relativity is a solid mathematical theory. In this volume B we also faced contradiction and our next volume we will solve this "contradiction". We also advice readers to be very cautious when comparing legacy theory of relativity with the Armenian Theory of Relativity, especially when instead of trying understand the new theory concepts, they use their whole energy trying to find “mistakes” or “paradoxes” in Armenian Theory of Relativity. Please just remember that legacy theories of relativity are symmetric theories, but Armenian Theory of Relativity is asymmetric theory of relativity. Proofs in this volume are also very brief and therefore readers need to put sufficient effort to prove all providing formulas. ======== Facing With Contradictions -------- Contradiction illustrated by (I_07) are not just specific for Armenian Theory of Relativity, discussed in this volume B, but this contradiction are already build in legacy theory of relativity as well. Unfortunately the experts in that field deliberately or unconsciously ignoring the contradiction in the legacy theory of relativity and patching all the holes. This contradiction arise when we start discussing the case of general relativity where the observing coordinate systems are moving respect to each other with accelerations. In this case we derived reciprocal relative acceleration formulas from which follows, for example, that the inverse relative acceleration depends not just on direct relative velocity and direct relative acceleration, but it also depends at arbitrary observed particle's velocity, which for different observed particles can have different arbitrary values. We can say the same thing about the direct relative acceleration formula, which depends not just on inverse relative velocity and inverse relative acceleration, but it also depends on arbitrary observed particle velocity. This exposed contradiction, which was existed in the legacy theory of relativity and just now was introduced in this volume B, we can perhaps compare to the beginning of 20-th century ultraviolet catastrophe for the black body radiation problem. But in those days, theoretical physicists faced problems head on, instead of hiding from them. It is quite logical that the reciprocal relative accelerations of the mutual observing coordinate systems cannot be dependent on the arbitrary observed particle's velocities, but that reciprocal accelerations must depend only observing origins of coordinate systems corresponding relative velocities and relative accelerations. Therefore to solve this contradiction, we need to completely revise all concepts and interpretations about how we describe relative motions in time-space and how we define observed particle time-coordinates. Therefore we need rewrite whole theory of relativity at large, which we already accomplish in our new volume C (in Armenian). In that new volume C we become victorious from this deep crisis in theoretical physics and we succeeded to build powerful "Armenian Theory of Time-Space" in one physical dimension and we will create it in three physical dimensions as well.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[339] viXra:1910.0390 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-20 13:10:19

Preface of the Vladimir Leonov to Volume 1 Quantum Energetics. Theory of Superunification

Authors: Vladimir Leonov
Comments: 9 Pages

I wrote the preface to Volume 1 in 2009 when I was preparing a translation into English of my main book Quantum Energetics. Volume 1. Theory of Superunification. Cambridge International Science Publishing, 2010, 745 pages. This book in Russian was written by me in 1996...2000. Finally, the very fact of creating the theory of Superunification as the main physical theory of all times and nations was accomplished. However, the scientific community does not know practically anything about the theory of Superunification, because it does not read thick books, and I did not write small articles. I was always very busy and did not have time to write small articles in magazines. In addition, the editorial policy of magazines left much to be desired. If you have written a new theory that its publication in the magazine will have a problem. Given the existing editorial policy of magazines, even Einstein could not publish his articles. The theory of Superunification is a new quantum theory in which so far no one understands anything. But I am not only a theoretical physicist, but I am also an experimenter, inventor and entrepreneur in the field of new energy and new space technologies. My quantum engine (Leonov’s drive) without fuel is 100 times more efficient than a liquid rocket engine (LRE). The e-print viXra is a very convenient archive for quickly and freely posting new scientific discoveries and inventions.
Category: Quantum Physics

[338] viXra:1910.0388 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-20 15:54:45

Ginzburg’s List and Leonov’s List

Authors: Vladimir Leonov
Comments: 5 Pages

The possibilities of the theory of Superunification are unlimited. This is the most powerful analytical apparatus for studying matter. I am the author of the fundamental theory of Superunification and for me there is no unquestioned authority on science. As a theoretical physicist, I do not see any real competition in the world for me. For a quarter of a century now I have been working on complex scientific problems almost alone with my assistants. None of the physicists could even come close to understanding the theory of Superunification. I get a lot of scientific information, but do not find it interesting for myself. I do not see breakthrough discoveries in a fundamental way. Fundamental science stopped at the level of Newton and Einstein and without the theory of Superunification the further development of fundamental science and breakthrough technologies is unthinkable.
Category: Quantum Physics

[337] viXra:1910.0386 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-20 17:31:37

Orbital Radius of the Hydrogen Atom with Strong Gravity

Authors: Zane Andrea Quintili
Comments: 3 Pages.

I will now try to demonstrate empirically how to solve the orbital stationarity of the electron in the 1s orbital completely eliminating the electromagnetic interactions and making use only of gravitational interactions of strong Gravity.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[336] viXra:1910.0385 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-20 19:14:18

Earth Moon moves with 2 Rates Of Time (Part V)

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 8 Pages.

Paper Hypothesis -The moon is a light beam (known Velocity 0.3 mkm/sec) -The moon orbit is created of light (supposed velocity 1.16 mkm/sec) -The moon passing through the orbit causes light coherence which creates the moon planet matter (Matter Creation Process) i.e. -The moon was a light beam and becomes a planet (matter) with passing through the orbit – the moon planet moves by masses gravity -The moon as light beam is still connected with the moon planet – that's why the moon moves by 2 rates of time How to prove this claim? I have 3 proves which are: (1st) The Moon Daily Displacement Analysis (88000 km) (2nd) The relativistic effects in the solar system (3rd) There's a light coherence in the moon orbit
Category: Astrophysics

[335] viXra:1910.0384 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-20 20:33:26

Gaia Hypothesis vs. Stellar Metamorphosis

Authors: Jeffrey Joseph Wolynski
Comments: 1 Page.

The Gaia Hypothesis proposes that life creates its own habitable environment. This hypothesis is not needed. It is the environment that creates the life. The stars evolve on huge time and chemical scales to create life itself. Life is a by-product, a direct, intimate result of stellar evolution (planet formation), it does not drive the evolution of stars.
Category: Physics of Biology

[334] viXra:1910.0383 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-20 20:36:06

Rare Earth Hypothesis vs. Stellar Metamorphosis

Authors: Jeffrey Joseph Wolynski
Comments: 1 Page.

The rare Earth hypothesis posits that Earth is a rare phenomenon in the Universe. This is flat wrong. All stars have the chance to become Earth-like, this means there are more than likely hundreds of billions (even trillions) of Earths in our galaxy with life on them. This is to include even younger staged Earths, snowball Earths (which have internal oceans with life), and post-Earth staged objects that are older and have less internal heat, but still have life.
Category: Astrophysics

[333] viXra:1910.0382 [pdf] replaced on 2019-10-28 00:59:37

Intrusion Detection using Sequential Hybrid Model

Authors: Aditya Pandey, Abhishek Sinha, Aishwarya PS
Comments: 6 Pages.

A large amount of work has been done on the KDD 99 dataset, most of which includes the use of a hybrid anomaly and misuse detection model done in parallel with each other. In order to further classify the intrusions, our approach to network intrusion detection includes use of two different anomaly detection models followed by misuse detection applied on the combined output obtained from the previous step. The end goal of this is to verify the anomalies detected by the anomaly detection algorithm and clarify whether they are actually intrusions or random outliers from the trained normal (and thus to try and reduce the number of false positives). We aim to detect a pattern in this novel intrusion technique itself, and not the handling of such intrusions. The intrusions were detected to a very high degree of accuracy.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[332] viXra:1910.0381 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-20 02:44:48

The Gravitational Potential of Quantized Space-Time Has a Maximum Value and is not Equal to Zero

Authors: Vladimir Leonov
Comments: 3 Pages, 2 Figures.

A quarter of a century ago, I found that cosmic vacuum has a maximum level of energy and it is characterized by a maximum value of the gravitational potential. One of Newton's potential is not enough to describe the state of gravitational mass in a quantized space-time. It is necessary to take into account the maximum gravitational potential (4) in the equation of the balance of gravitational potentials inside the quantized space-time [1, 4].
Category: Quantum Physics

[331] viXra:1910.0380 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-20 04:11:42

Evolution in Understanding of Evolution

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 47 Pages.

Reconstructing evolutionary branches is tricky, especially when many species share a similar type of protein that might have evolved to perform somewhat different functions. [33] Researchers from the The fight against global antibiotic resistance has taken a major step forward with scientists discovering a concept for fabricating nanomeshes as an effective drug delivery system for antibiotics. [30] The solution consisting of colloidal quantum dots is inkjet-printed, creating active photosensitive layer of the photodetector. [29] I'm part of a group of nanotechnology and neuroscience researchers at the University of Washington investigating how quantum dots behave in the brain. [28] Nanotechnology may provide an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease, a team of researchers suggests. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25]
Category: Physics of Biology

[330] viXra:1910.0379 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-20 04:39:28

Evolution Tells We Are Only Intelligent Life

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 51 Pages.

Are we alone in the universe? It comes down to whether intelligence is a probable outcome of natural selection, or an improbable fluke. [34] Reconstructing evolutionary branches is tricky, especially when many species share a similar type of protein that might have evolved to perform somewhat different functions. [33] Researchers from the The fight against global antibiotic resistance has taken a major step forward with scientists discovering a concept for fabricating nanomeshes as an effective drug delivery system for antibiotics. [30] The solution consisting of colloidal quantum dots is inkjet-printed, creating active photosensitive layer of the photodetector. [29] I'm part of a group of nanotechnology and neuroscience researchers at the University of Washington investigating how quantum dots behave in the brain. [28] Nanotechnology may provide an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease, a team of researchers suggests. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24]
Category: Physics of Biology

[329] viXra:1910.0378 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-20 05:00:09

Reconstructing Protein Evolution

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 53 Pages.

There are an estimated 20,000 to 30,000 proteins at work in cells, where they carry out numerable functions, says computational molecular biologist Roman Sloutsky at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. [35] Are we alone in the universe? It comes down to whether intelligence is a probable outcome of natural selection, or an improbable fluke. [34] Reconstructing evolutionary branches is tricky, especially when many species share a similar type of protein that might have evolved to perform somewhat different functions. [33] Researchers from the The fight against global antibiotic resistance has taken a major step forward with scientists discovering a concept for fabricating nanomeshes as an effective drug delivery system for antibiotics. [30] The solution consisting of colloidal quantum dots is inkjet-printed, creating active photosensitive layer of the photodetector. [29] I'm part of a group of nanotechnology and neuroscience researchers at the University of Washington investigating how quantum dots behave in the brain. [28] Nanotechnology may provide an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease, a team of researchers suggests. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25]
Category: Physics of Biology

[328] viXra:1910.0377 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-20 05:27:01

Nano Range Energy Flow

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 38 Pages.

Using the new methods, the research teams have succeeded in deciphering the energy transport in double-walled nanotubes made up of thousands of dye molecules. [29] Researchers have developed a three-dimensional dynamic model of an interaction between light and nanoparticles. [28] Scientists from ITMO University have developed effective nanoscale light sources based on halide perovskite. [27] Physicists have developed a technique based on optical microscopy that can be used to create images of atoms on the nanoscale. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24] In a joint research project, scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI), the Technische Universität Berlin (TU) and the University of Rostock have managed for the first time to image free nanoparticles in a laboratory experiment using a highintensity laser source. [23] For the first time, researchers have built a nanolaser that uses only a single molecular layer, placed on a thin silicon beam, which operates at room temperature. [22] A team of engineers at Caltech has discovered how to use computer-chip manufacturing technologies to create the kind of reflective materials that make safety vests, running shoes, and road signs appear shiny in the dark. [21] In the September 23th issue of the Physical Review Letters, Prof. Julien Laurat and his team at Pierre and Marie Curie University in Paris (Laboratoire Kastler Brossel-LKB) report that they have realized an efficient mirror consisting of only 2000 atoms. [20] Physicists at MIT have now cooled a gas of potassium atoms to several nanokelvins-just a hair above absolute zero-and trapped the atoms within a two-dimensional sheet of an optical lattice created by crisscrossing lasers. Using a high-resolution microscope, the researchers took images of the cooled atoms residing in the lattice. [19] Researchers have created quantum states of light whose noise level has been "squeezed" to a record low. [18]
Category: Condensed Matter

[327] viXra:1910.0376 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-20 06:44:35

Magnetic Flux Compression and The Experimental Design

Authors: Yuanjie Huang
Comments: 41 Pages.

In this work, we investigate magnetic flux compression (MFC) process theoretically by means of Maxwell equations. On contrary to previous theoretical studies, the MFC process is found to be not described by magnetic diffusion equations. Also interestingly, it is revealed that a key dimensionless parameter named as magnetic Reynolds number (MRN) may determine the whole MFC process and dominate eddy electric field distribution within liner, temperature rise of liner, the increase of magnetic field enclosed by a liner and so on. At end of MFC, a larger MRN will bring a more obvious temperature rise and may cause a more rapid ablation for liner, which reversely inhibits increase of enclosed magnetic field. To reach the largest magnetic field, the MRN takes neither ultra-large nor quite small values, and a good strategy is that it may be designed to be ~100. On the other hand, a notable Hall electrical voltage exists at the liner, chamber and sample, and it can reach thousands of voltage at end of MFC, and thereby pointing out that the normal resistance detection method may not be suitable for measuring the sample resistance. Considering serious ablation of chamber and noticeable penetration of field into sample, a new detection method for probing insulator-metal transition of sample under isentropic compression was proposed, i.e., measuring temperature rise of sample in terms of instantaneous multi-channel spectrum radiation method. These theoretical analysis on MFC may assist people to understand the physical processes and improve related experimental designs.
Category: Condensed Matter

[326] viXra:1910.0375 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-20 06:59:20

Stable Form of Plutonium

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 75 Pages.

An international team of scientists, led by the Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), have found a new compound of plutonium with an unexpected, pentavalent oxidation state, using the ESRF, the European Synchrotron, Grenoble, France. [50] Platinum has long been used as a catalyst to enable the oxidation reduction reaction at the center of fuel cell technology. [49] Titanium oxide (TiO2) nanofibers can have various applications, such as in catalyzers and filters. [48] Today, scientists report progress in making versions of these nanoparticles that could someday give built-in night vision to humans. [47]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[325] viXra:1910.0374 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-20 07:26:04

Controlling Ion Recognition

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 49 Pages.

But now, Shigehisa Akine and colleagues from Kanazawa University have shown that the reversed order is also possible: first, the host undergoes a chemical reaction, after which it recognizes and forms a complex with the guest ion. [35] In batteries, fuel cells or technical coatings, central chemical processes take place on the surface of electrodes which are in contact with liquids. During these processes, atoms move over the surface, but how this exactly happens has hardly been researched. [34] A team of scientists from across the U.S. has found a new way to create molecular interconnections that can give a certain class of materials exciting new properties, including improving their ability to catalyze chemical reactions or harvest energy from light. [33] A team of scientists including Carnegie's Tim Strobel and Venkata Bhadram now report unexpected quantum behavior of hydrogen molecules, H2, trapped within tiny cages made of organic molecules, demonstrating that the structure of the cage influences the behavior of the molecule imprisoned inside it. [32] A potential revolution in device engineering could be underway, thanks to the discovery of functional electronic interfaces in quantum materials that can self-assemble spontaneously. [31] Now, for the first time ever, researchers from Aalto University, Brazilian Center for Research in Physics (CBPF), Technical University of Braunschweig and Nagoya University have produced the superconductor-like quantum spin liquid predicted by Anderson. [30] Electrons in graphene-an atomically thin, flexible and incredibly strong substance that has captured the imagination of materials scientists and physicists alike-move at the speed of light, and behave like they have no mass. [29] In a series of exciting experiments, Cambridge researchers experienced weightlessness testing graphene's application in space. [28] Scientists from ITMO University have developed effective nanoscale light sources based on halide perovskite. [27] Physicists have developed a technique based on optical microscopy that can be used to create images of atoms on the nanoscale. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25]
Category: Condensed Matter

[324] viXra:1910.0373 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-20 08:15:52

Water Generate Clean Fuel

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 52 Pages.

Among the many techniques being investigated to generate clean energy, water splitting is a very promising one. [36] But now, Shigehisa Akine and colleagues from Kanazawa University have shown that the reversed order is also possible: first, the host undergoes a chemical reaction, after which it recognizes and forms a complex with the guest ion. [35] In batteries, fuel cells or technical coatings, central chemical processes take place on the surface of electrodes which are in contact with liquids. During these processes, atoms move over the surface, but how this exactly happens has hardly been researched. [34] A team of scientists from across the U.S. has found a new way to create molecular interconnections that can give a certain class of materials exciting new properties, including improving their ability to catalyze chemical reactions or harvest energy from light. [33] A team of scientists including Carnegie's Tim Strobel and Venkata Bhadram now report unexpected quantum behavior of hydrogen molecules, H2, trapped within tiny cages made of organic molecules, demonstrating that the structure of the cage influences the behavior of the molecule imprisoned inside it. [32] A potential revolution in device engineering could be underway, thanks to the discovery of functional electronic interfaces in quantum materials that can self-assemble spontaneously. [31] Now, for the first time ever, researchers from Aalto University, Brazilian Center for Research in Physics (CBPF), Technical University of Braunschweig and Nagoya University have produced the superconductor-like quantum spin liquid predicted by Anderson. [30] Electrons in graphene-an atomically thin, flexible and incredibly strong substance that has captured the imagination of materials scientists and physicists alike-move at the speed of light, and behave like they have no mass. [29] In a series of exciting experiments, Cambridge researchers experienced weightlessness testing graphene's application in space. [28] Scientists from ITMO University have developed effective nanoscale light sources based on halide perovskite. [27] Physicists have developed a technique based on optical microscopy that can be used to create images of atoms on the nanoscale. [26]
Category: Condensed Matter

[323] viXra:1910.0372 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-20 08:41:27

Binding Energy for Catalysis

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 53 Pages.

Determining the optimal binding energies for heterogeneous chemical reactions-usually meaning that the reactant is in the gas or liquid phase while the catalyst is a solid-is critical for many aspects of modern society, as we rely on such reactions for processes as diverse as the production of fertilizers and plastics. [37] Among the many techniques being investigated to generate clean energy, water splitting is a very promising one. [36] But now, Shigehisa Akine and colleagues from Kanazawa University have shown that the reversed order is also possible: first, the host undergoes a chemical reaction, after which it recognizes and forms a complex with the guest ion. [35] In batteries, fuel cells or technical coatings, central chemical processes take place on the surface of electrodes which are in contact with liquids. During these processes, atoms move over the surface, but how this exactly happens has hardly been researched. [34] A team of scientists from across the U.S. has found a new way to create molecular interconnections that can give a certain class of materials exciting new properties, including improving their ability to catalyze chemical reactions or harvest energy from light. [33] A team of scientists including Carnegie's Tim Strobel and Venkata Bhadram now report unexpected quantum behavior of hydrogen molecules, H2, trapped within tiny cages made of organic molecules, demonstrating that the structure of the cage influences the behavior of the molecule imprisoned inside it. [32] A potential revolution in device engineering could be underway, thanks to the discovery of functional electronic interfaces in quantum materials that can self-assemble spontaneously. [31] Now, for the first time ever, researchers from Aalto University, Brazilian Center for Research in Physics (CBPF), Technical University of Braunschweig and Nagoya University have produced the superconductor-like quantum spin liquid predicted by Anderson. [30] Electrons in graphene-an atomically thin, flexible and incredibly strong substance that has captured the imagination of materials scientists and physicists alike-move at the speed of light, and behave like they have no mass. [29] In a series of exciting experiments, Cambridge researchers experienced weightlessness testing graphene's application in space. [28]
Category: Thermodynamics and Energy

[322] viXra:1910.0371 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-20 08:55:02

Building Blocks of Many Drugs

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 54 Pages.

Organic chemists at The Ohio State University have figured out how to synthesize the most common molecule arrangement in medicine, a scientific discovery that could change the way a number of drugs-including one most commonly used to treat ovarian cancer-are produced. [38] Determining the optimal binding energies for heterogeneous chemical reactions-usually meaning that the reactant is in the gas or liquid phase while the catalyst is a solid-is critical for many aspects of modern society, as we rely on such reactions for processes as diverse as the production of fertilizers and plastics. [37] Among the many techniques being investigated to generate clean energy, water splitting is a very promising one. [36] But now, Shigehisa Akine and colleagues from Kanazawa University have shown that the reversed order is also possible: first, the host undergoes a chemical reaction, after which it recognizes and forms a complex with the guest ion. [35] In batteries, fuel cells or technical coatings, central chemical processes take place on the surface of electrodes which are in contact with liquids. During these processes, atoms move over the surface, but how this exactly happens has hardly been researched. [34] A team of scientists from across the U.S. has found a new way to create molecular interconnections that can give a certain class of materials exciting new properties, including improving their ability to catalyze chemical reactions or harvest energy from light. [33] A team of scientists including Carnegie's Tim Strobel and Venkata Bhadram now report unexpected quantum behavior of hydrogen molecules, H2, trapped within tiny cages made of organic molecules, demonstrating that the structure of the cage influences the behavior of the molecule imprisoned inside it. [32] A potential revolution in device engineering could be underway, thanks to the discovery of functional electronic interfaces in quantum materials that can self-assemble spontaneously. [31] Now, for the first time ever, researchers from Aalto University, Brazilian Center for Research in Physics (CBPF), Technical University of Braunschweig and Nagoya University have produced the superconductor-like quantum spin liquid predicted by Anderson. [30]
Category: Physics of Biology

[321] viXra:1910.0370 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-20 09:09:38

Big Data of Common Materials

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 55 Pages.

When scientists and engineers discover new ways to optimize existing materials, it paves the way for innovations that make everything from our phones and computers to our medical equipment smaller, faster, and more efficient. [39] Organic chemists at The Ohio State University have figured out how to synthesize the most common molecule arrangement in medicine, a scientific discovery that could change the way a number of drugs-including one most commonly used to treat ovarian cancer-are produced. [38] Determining the optimal binding energies for heterogeneous chemical reactions-usually meaning that the reactant is in the gas or liquid phase while the catalyst is a solid-is critical for many aspects of modern society, as we rely on such reactions for processes as diverse as the production of fertilizers and plastics. [37] Among the many techniques being investigated to generate clean energy, water splitting is a very promising one. [36] But now, Shigehisa Akine and colleagues from Kanazawa University have shown that the reversed order is also possible: first, the host undergoes a chemical reaction, after which it recognizes and forms a complex with the guest ion. [35] In batteries, fuel cells or technical coatings, central chemical processes take place on the surface of electrodes which are in contact with liquids. During these processes, atoms move over the surface, but how this exactly happens has hardly been researched. [34] A team of scientists from across the U.S. has found a new way to create molecular interconnections that can give a certain class of materials exciting new properties, including improving their ability to catalyze chemical reactions or harvest energy from light. [33] A team of scientists including Carnegie's Tim Strobel and Venkata Bhadram now report unexpected quantum behavior of hydrogen molecules, H2, trapped within tiny cages made of organic molecules, demonstrating that the structure of the cage influences the behavior of the molecule imprisoned inside it. [32] A potential revolution in device engineering could be underway, thanks to the discovery of functional electronic interfaces in quantum materials that can self-assemble spontaneously. [31]
Category: Condensed Matter

[320] viXra:1910.0368 [pdf] replaced on 2020-03-26 16:20:58

Gravity

Authors: Richard Lawrence Norman, Jeremy Dunning-Davies
Comments: Pages.

Gravitational theory has remained at an impasse for a great many years. Theoretical questions of substantial importance remain unanswered, such as: “Is there coupling of electromagnetic fields and gravitational fields?” This paper will reveal the reasons for the evident difficulty in theoretical advancement and begin to point the way toward needed corrections of gravitational theory with an emphasis placed upon actual experimental results and practical solutions. These recommendations and analyses may in turn allow quick realization of the many benefits now concealed beneath current accepted theory, which include but are not limited to: 1. clean, inexpensive, near limitless energy for industry and the populous, and 2. practical means of utilizing mass as a variable potentially including, industrial applications, space and terrestrial travel. Other means of new energy production based in hadronic science are also specified. The possible validity of Einstein’s Twin Paradox and a conditional solution implying a mechanism of absolute time are discussed. New gravitational theory is proposed. Specific gravity based designs demonstrating over one efficiency are proposed for experimental and practical testing, confirmation and subsequent duplication. Once the private sector and those associated scientific resources are applied toward correction and directed application of gravitational theory in the context of electrical and magnetic effects, we may speak of a new age. Gravity.
Category: Classical Physics

[319] viXra:1910.0367 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-20 11:45:58

Prime Intra Squares Conjecture

Authors: Derek Tucker
Comments: 3 Pages.

Proof of Legendre's conjecture by elementary means.
Category: Number Theory

[318] viXra:1910.0366 [pdf] replaced on 2023-08-21 13:13:18

A Complete Proof of Beal's Conjecture

Authors: Abdelmajid Ben Hadj Salem
Comments: 65 Pages. It is the last version of my paper after many corrections. Submitted to Mediterranean Journal of Mathematics. Comments welcome.

In 1997, Andrew Beal announced the following conjecture: textit{Let $A, B,C, m,n$, and $l$ be positive integers with $m,n,l > 2$. If $A^m + B^n = C^l$ then $A, B,$ and $C$ have a common factor.} We begin to construct the polynomial $P(x)=(x-A^m)(x-B^n)(x+C^l)=x^3-px+q$ with $p,q$ integers depending on $A^m,B^n$ and $C^l$. We resolve $x^3-px+q=0$ and we obtain the three roots $x_1,x_2,x_3$ as functions of $p$ and a parameter $theta$. Since $A^m,B^n,-C^l$ are the only roots of $x^3-px+q=0$, we discuss the conditions that $x_1,x_2,x_3$ are integers and have or do have not a common factor. Three numerical examples are given.
Category: Number Theory

[317] viXra:1910.0365 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-20 11:57:05

Polynomial Time Factoring Method

Authors: Derek Tucker
Comments: 1 Page.

Let y = exp(ln # - ln x) mod 1. The results show y = 0 for integer x if and only if x is a factor of #.
Category: Number Theory

[316] viXra:1910.0364 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-19 15:17:19

On the Possible Mathematical Connections Between Some Equations of Various Sectors Concerning the D-Branes and Some Ramanujan’s Modular Equations and Approximations to π.

Authors: Michele Nardelli, Antonio Nardelli
Comments: 59 Pages.

In this research thesis, we have described some new mathematical connections between some equations of various sectors concerning the D-Branes and some Ramanujan’s modular equations and approximations to π.
Category: Number Theory

[315] viXra:1910.0363 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-19 18:41:42

Earth Moon moves with 2 Rates Of Time (Part IV)

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 12 Pages.

Why Mercury Day Period = 2 Mercury Orbital Periods= 3 Mercury Rotation Periods? We still discuss this question whose discussion is started in the previous paper "Uranus Orbital Distance = 2 Saturn Orbital Distances" Also we try to know If the previous relationship has any effect of Mercury Data We complete the same discussion (in previous parts of the same series)
Category: Astrophysics

[314] viXra:1910.0362 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-19 20:41:22

Walkrnn: Reading Stories from Property Graphs

Authors: Deborah Tylor, Joseph Haaga, Mirco Mannucci
Comments: 7 Pages.

WalkRNN, the approach described herein, leverages research in learning continuous representations for nodes in networks, layers in features captured in property graph attributes and labels, and uses Deep Learning language modeling via Recurrent Neural Networks to read the grammar of an enriched property graph. We then demonstrate translating this learned graph literacy into actionable knowledge through graph classification tasks.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[313] viXra:1910.0361 [pdf] replaced on 2019-10-23 21:26:29

Trigonometric Tutorial: Pythagorean Theorem, Rectangular Coordinates of Circular Arc Points, Chord Lengths of Arcs, and Key Calculus Features of the Cosine and Sine Functions

Authors: Steven Kenneth Kauffmann
Comments: 4 Pages.

Trigonometry studies the properties of the cosine and sine functions, which relate a contiguous arc of the unit-radius circle centered on the origin of coordinates to the rectangular Cartesian coordinates of the arc's endpoints. Since the Pythagorean theorem underlies the concept of Cartesian coordinates, this tutorial commences with a plane-geometry recapitulation of that theorem. In the non-calculus treatment of the cosine and sine, their demonstrable properties are encompassed by the unit length of unit-radius circle vectors and the "angle-addition formula" which relates the rectangular coordinates of the endpoints of two immediately successive arcs of the unit-radius circle to the rectangular coordinates of the endpoints of the combined contiguous arc. Those properties are insensitive, however, to simultaneous single-parameter rescaling of all of the arc lengths involved, and so don't unambiguously characterize the cosine and sine functions of directed arc length. Unambiguous determination of the cosine and sine hinges on whether their derivatives with respect to directed arc length are well-defined, which presents no issues for arcs of the unit-radius circle. In fact the cosine and sine functions fascinatingly are the real and imaginary parts of the hyper-well-behaved exponential function of imaginary argument.
Category: General Mathematics

[312] viXra:1910.0360 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-19 21:08:55

Super Quasars ТОКАМАК

Authors: Пастушенко Владимир Александрович
Comments: 6 Pages. http://pva1.mya5.ru/

Here, in the axioms of dynamic space-matter, a unified theory of all mathematical and physical theories is presented, with the possibility of studying the energy levels of the singularity of the set of Rji (n) objects of singularity in the quantum system of OLji (m) coordinates, the dynamic space-matter of the whole Universe. TOKAMAK
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[311] viXra:1910.0359 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-19 23:29:24

Information Paradox of the Rectilinear Motion and the Rest State

Authors: Cavași Ioan Abel
Comments: 16 Pages.

Starting from the invaluable mathematical conclusion according to which the torsion of a line is undefined and knowing that the rectilinear motion implies moving on a straight line, we can conclude that a rectilinear motion results in an undefined torsion line. Thus, the information about torsion is not preserved in physical interactions that involves straight lines. Besides that, the information about the curvature of trajectory is also lost for a body that reaches the rest state, due to the fact that the curvature is defined exclusively for non null velocities. To get out of the impasse determined by this paradox I propose, as a possible solution, another law of inertia which generalizes the current law, inherited from Galileo Galilei.
Category: Classical Physics

[310] viXra:1910.0357 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-19 04:36:23

Flexible, Wearable Supercapacitors

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 47 Pages.

Evening gowns with interwoven LEDs may look extravagant, but the light sources need a constant power supply from devices that are as well wearable, durable, and lightweight. [33] Rice University scientists have found revealing information where light from a molecule meets light from a nanoparticle. [32] A University of Wyoming researcher and his team have shown, for the first time, the ability to globally align single-wall carbon nanotubes along a common axis. [31] The fight against global antibiotic resistance has taken a major step forward with scientists discovering a concept for fabricating nanomeshes as an effective drug delivery system for antibiotics. [30] The solution consisting of colloidal quantum dots is inkjet-printed, creating active photosensitive layer of the photodetector. [29] I'm part of a group of nanotechnology and neuroscience researchers at the University of Washington investigating how quantum dots behave in the brain. [28] Nanotechnology may provide an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease, a team of researchers suggests. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24] In a joint research project, scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI), the Technische Universität Berlin (TU) and the University of Rostock have managed for the first time to image free nanoparticles in a laboratory experiment using a highintensity laser source. [23] For the first time, researchers have built a nanolaser that uses only a single molecular layer, placed on a thin silicon beam, which operates at room temperature. [22]
Category: Condensed Matter

[309] viXra:1910.0356 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-19 05:00:19

A Model of Charmonium (Revised)

Authors: R. Wayte.
Comments: 7 Pages.

A composite model of charmonium has been developed, based on the logarithmic confinement potential. The quark and antiquark pair orbit around the centre of mass, with their colour fields confined within a toroidal flux-tube of characteristic radius.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[308] viXra:1910.0355 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-19 04:55:12

Unexplored Semiconductor Nanostructures

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 49 Pages.

A research team of Ehime University paved a way to achieve unexplored III-V semiconductor nanostructures. [34] Evening gowns with interwoven LEDs may look extravagant, but the light sources need a constant power supply from devices that are as well wearable, durable, and lightweight. [33] Rice University scientists have found revealing information where light from a molecule meets light from a nanoparticle. [32] A University of Wyoming researcher and his team have shown, for the first time, the ability to globally align single-wall carbon nanotubes along a common axis. [31] The fight against global antibiotic resistance has taken a major step forward with scientists discovering a concept for fabricating nanomeshes as an effective drug delivery system for antibiotics. [30] The solution consisting of colloidal quantum dots is inkjet-printed, creating active photosensitive layer of the photodetector. [29] I'm part of a group of nanotechnology and neuroscience researchers at the University of Washington investigating how quantum dots behave in the brain. [28] Nanotechnology may provide an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease, a team of researchers suggests. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25]
Category: Condensed Matter

[307] viXra:1910.0354 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-19 05:08:35

Hydrophobicity of Micro and Nanoparticle

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 50 Pages.

Engineering and pediatrics professor, has invented a groundbreaking method that allows for easy determination of the surface free energy of particles as a quantitative measure of particle hydrophobicity. [35] A research team of Ehime University paved a way to achieve unexplored III-V semiconductor nanostructures. [34] Evening gowns with interwoven LEDs may look extravagant, but the light sources need a constant power supply from devices that are as well wearable, durable, and lightweight. [33] Rice University scientists have found revealing information where light from a molecule meets light from a nanoparticle. [32] A University of Wyoming researcher and his team have shown, for the first time, the ability to globally align single-wall carbon nanotubes along a common axis. [31] The fight against global antibiotic resistance has taken a major step forward with scientists discovering a concept for fabricating nanomeshes as an effective drug delivery system for antibiotics. [30] The solution consisting of colloidal quantum dots is inkjet-printed, creating active photosensitive layer of the photodetector. [29] I'm part of a group of nanotechnology and neuroscience researchers at the University of Washington investigating how quantum dots behave in the brain. [28] Nanotechnology may provide an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease, a team of researchers suggests. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24]
Category: Condensed Matter

[306] viXra:1910.0353 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-19 05:21:52

Metal to Metal Oxide Progression

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 51 Pages.

Scientists at the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST) report an approach for studying charge transfer that does not rely on complicated equipment—simplifying the real-time observation of catalysis. [36] Yi Zuo, University of Hawaii at Manoa College of Engineering and pediatrics professor, has invented a groundbreaking method that allows for easy determination of the surface free energy of particles as a quantitative measure of particle hydrophobicity. [35] A research team of Ehime University paved a way to achieve unexplored III-V semiconductor nanostructures. [34] Evening gowns with interwoven LEDs may look extravagant, but the light sources need a constant power supply from devices that are as well wearable, durable, and lightweight. [33] Rice University scientists have found revealing information where light from a molecule meets light from a nanoparticle. [32] A University of Wyoming researcher and his team have shown, for the first time, the ability to globally align single-wall carbon nanotubes along a common axis. [31] The fight against global antibiotic resistance has taken a major step forward with scientists discovering a concept for fabricating nanomeshes as an effective drug delivery system for antibiotics. [30] The solution consisting of colloidal quantum dots is inkjet-printed, creating active photosensitive layer of the photodetector. [29] I'm part of a group of nanotechnology and neuroscience researchers at the University of Washington investigating how quantum dots behave in the brain. [28] Nanotechnology may provide an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease, a team of researchers suggests. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25]
Category: Condensed Matter

[305] viXra:1910.0352 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-19 05:36:59

Approach to Tackle Superbugs

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 48 Pages.

Scientists have uncovered a novel antibiotic-free approach that could help prevent and treat one of the most widespread bacterial pathogens, using nanocapsules made of natural ingredients. [33] A chance finding 10 years ago led to the creation by researchers of the Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO) of the first mice born with much longer telomeres than normal in their species. [32] Researchers at the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory, the University of Tennessee and Texas A&M University demonstrated bio-inspired devices that accelerate routes to neuromorphic, or brain-like, computing. [31]
Category: Physics of Biology

[304] viXra:1910.0351 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-19 07:12:14

Mathematical Modelling Disease Outbreaks

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 50 Pages.

Predicting and controlling disease outbreaks would be easier and more reliable with the wider application of mathematical modelling, according to a new study. [34] Scientists have uncovered a novel antibiotic-free approach that could help prevent and treat one of the most widespread bacterial pathogens, using nanocapsules made of natural ingredients. [33] A chance finding 10 years ago led to the creation by researchers of the Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO) of the first mice born with much longer telomeres than normal in their species. [32] Researchers at the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory, the University of Tennessee and Texas A&M University demonstrated bio-inspired devices that accelerate routes to neuromorphic, or brain-like, computing. [31]
Category: Physics of Biology

[303] viXra:1910.0350 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-19 07:29:54

First Genome from a Single Insect

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 51 Pages.

Agricultural Research Service (ARS) scientists, in cooperation with Pacific Biosciences and Penn State University, have published the first genome of the invasive Spotted Lanternfly (SLF) in the journal Gigascience and they did it from a single caught-in-the-wild specimen. [35] Predicting and controlling disease outbreaks would be easier and more reliable with the wider application of mathematical modelling, according to a new study. [34] Scientists have uncovered a novel antibiotic-free approach that could help prevent and treat one of the most widespread bacterial pathogens, using nanocapsules made of natural ingredients. [33]
Category: Physics of Biology

[302] viXra:1910.0349 [pdf] replaced on 2019-11-04 03:39:57

Periodic Sequences of Progressions of the Same Type

Authors: Y.Mieno
Comments: 5 Pages.

A few progressions of the same type and their periodic sequences.
Category: Number Theory

[301] viXra:1910.0348 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-19 08:47:55

Floating Magnetic Microrobots

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 56 Pages.

Minimally invasive surgery is increasingly used to target small lesions and a growing demand exists for miniaturized medical tools. [36] Agricultural Research Service (ARS) scientists, in cooperation with Pacific Biosciences and Penn State University, have published the first genome of the invasive Spotted Lanternfly (SLF) in the journal Gigascience and they did it from a single caught-in-the-wild specimen. [35] Predicting and controlling disease outbreaks would be easier and more reliable with the wider application of mathematical modelling, according to a new study. [34] Scientists have uncovered a novel antibiotic-free approach that could help prevent and treat one of the most widespread bacterial pathogens, using nanocapsules made of natural ingredients. [33]
Category: Physics of Biology

[300] viXra:1910.0347 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-19 10:05:11

Radiation to Pancreatic Tumors

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 57 Pages.

The new treatment employs the alpha particle emitting radionuclide 225Ac. Alpha particles travel a short distance in tissue, thereby limiting their off-target effect. [37] Minimally invasive surgery is increasingly used to target small lesions and a growing demand exists for miniaturized medical tools. [36] Agricultural Research Service (ARS) scientists, in cooperation with Pacific Biosciences and Penn State University, have published the first genome of the invasive Spotted Lanternfly (SLF) in the journal Gigascience and they did it from a single caught-in-the-wild specimen. [35]
Category: Physics of Biology

[299] viXra:1910.0346 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-19 10:26:29

Harmful Whiskers in Lithium Batteries

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 52 Pages.

Scientists have uncovered a root cause of the growth of needle-like structures—known as dendrites and whiskers—that plague lithium batteries, sometimes causing a short circuit, failure, or even a fire. [37] Scientists at the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST) report an approach for studying charge transfer that does not rely on complicated equipment—simplifying the real-time observation of catalysis. [36] Yi Zuo, University of Hawaii at Manoa College of Engineering and pediatrics professor, has invented a groundbreaking method that allows for easy determination of the surface free energy of particles as a quantitative measure of particle hydrophobicity. [35] A research team of Ehime University paved a way to achieve unexplored III-V semiconductor nanostructures. [34] Evening gowns with interwoven LEDs may look extravagant, but the light sources need a constant power supply from devices that are as well wearable, durable, and lightweight. [33] Rice University scientists have found revealing information where light from a molecule meets light from a nanoparticle. [32] A University of Wyoming researcher and his team have shown, for the first time, the ability to globally align single-wall carbon nanotubes along a common axis. [31] The fight against global antibiotic resistance has taken a major step forward with scientists discovering a concept for fabricating nanomeshes as an effective drug delivery system for antibiotics. [30] The solution consisting of colloidal quantum dots is inkjet-printed, creating active photosensitive layer of the photodetector. [29] I'm part of a group of nanotechnology and neuroscience researchers at the University of Washington investigating how quantum dots behave in the brain. [28] Nanotechnology may provide an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease, a team of researchers suggests. [27]
Category: Condensed Matter

[298] viXra:1910.0345 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-19 11:43:49

Unimodular Rotation of E8 to H4 600-Cells

Authors: J Gregory Moxness
Comments: 5 Pages.

We introduce a unimodular Determinant=1 8x8 rotation matrix to produce four 4 dimensional copies of H4 600-cells from the 240 vertices of the Split Real Even E8 Lie group. Unimodularity in the rotation matrix provides for the preservation of the 8 dimensional volume after rotation, which is useful in the application of the matrix in various fields, from theoretical particle physics to 3D visualization algorithm optimization.
Category: Algebra

[297] viXra:1910.0344 [pdf] replaced on 2020-11-03 20:24:24

Nature of the Dark Side of Our Universe

Authors: Mohammad Hadi Mohammadi
Comments: 10 Pages.

In this paper, I have made a great discovery. I realized that there was space-time before the Big Bang. I also found out that the universe was shrinking and dark energy was negative before the Big Bang. Moreover, I perceived that the universe expanded after the Big Bang. I also predicted that ordinary matter, which makes up five percent of the universe was made before the Big Bang, while dark matter was made after the Big Bang. The reason for this prediction is that I put the essence of dark energy into Wilmore energy and made dark matter equivalent to the Hawking mass. Dark matter has a mathematically imaginary nature, and according to its physical interpretation, it can be in and out of space-time. Another discovery in this study was unveiling of the fine-tuning problem.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[296] viXra:1910.0342 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-18 15:33:18

Gravitational Waves. Wave Equations

Authors: Vladimir Leonov
Comments: 48 Pages, 13 Figures

This article was published like chapter 9 in the Leonov's book: Quantum Energetics. Volume 1. Theory of Superunification. Cambridge International Science Publishing, 2010, pp. 603-650. Waves in a cosmic vacuum can only form in an elastic medium that is a quantized space-time. This is a global electromagnetic field consisting of electromagnetic quantons whose concentration characterizes the quantum density of the medium. Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves of electromagnetic polarization of quantons and it does not lead to a change in the quantum density of the medium. Gravitational waves are longitudinal wave oscillations of a quantons inside quantized space-time and gravitational waves lead to changes in the density of the quantum medium, its compression and tension in the longitudinal direction. Such an understanding of the nature of gravitational waves allows us to create quantum generators of gravitational waves - grazers (Leonov’s patent). The fundamental problem is the experimental measurement of the speed of a gravitational wave in a vacuum. There is reason to believe that the elastic modulus of quantized space-time in the longitudinal direction is much larger than in the transverse direction. This means that the velocity of a longitudinal gravitational wave can be greater than the velocity of a transverse electromagnetic wave. It may turn out that the speed of the gravitational wave will depend on its frequency and amplitude. Only an experiment on measuring the speed of gravity can answer these questions.
Category: Quantum Physics

[295] viXra:1910.0341 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-18 19:00:09

Fibonacci Relationship Between Longitude and Latitude Coordinates and Their Distance Correspondent in the Earth Sphere

Authors: Pedro Hugo García Peláez
Comments: 2 Pages.

It seems that Earth and probably other planets follow a Fibonacci relationship in their distances.
Category: Geophysics

[294] viXra:1910.0340 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-18 19:04:47

Relación de Fibonacci Entre Coordenadas de Longitud Y Latitud Y su Correspondiene Distancia en la Esfera Terrestre

Authors: Pedro Hugo García Peláez
Comments: 2 Pages.

Parece que La Tierra y probablemente otros planetas siguen una relación de Fibonacci en sus distancias.
Category: Geophysics

[293] viXra:1910.0339 [pdf] replaced on 2022-06-26 17:47:36

Wyjaśnienie Czym Jest Czas W Kinematykach Oraz Obalenie Mitów Rzekomo Wynikających ze Szczególnej Teorii Względności (In Polish)

Authors: Roman Szostek
Comments: 22 Pages. The new physical theory called the Special Theory of Ether (in Polish).

Jednym z największych nierozwiązanych problemów fizyki jest wyjaśnienie, co to jest czas. W artykule zostało wyjaśnione, co to jest czas w teoriach kinematyki. Udowodnione zostało, że w kinematykach Szczególnej Teorii Względności (STW) oraz Szczególnej Teorii Eteru (STE) czas jest mierzony zegarem świetlnym. Dlatego wszystkie własności czasu w kinematykach wynikają z własności zegara świetlnego. W artykule wyjaśnione zostało na podstawie STE zjawisko dylatacji czasu. Przedstawione wyjaśnienie nie jest jedynie klasycznym opisem dylatacji czasu, ale polega na konstrukcji nowatorskiego technicznego modelu tego zjawiska. Dylatacja czasu wynika z własności zegara świetlnego. Jest to naturalna własność tego zegara. W artykule wykazane zostało, że twierdzenie, że prędkość światła w próżni jest prędkością maksymalną w realnym świecie nie ma teoretycznych podstaw. We współczesnej fizyce przyjęto taką doktrynę, jako rezultat nadinterpretacji matematyki, na której opiera się Szczególna Teoria Względności. Z przedstawionego modelu wynika to, w jaki sposób przy pomocy zegarów atomowych, być może będzie możliwe, wyznaczenie ruchu względem uniwersalnego układu odniesienia, w którym propagują sygnały elektromagnetyczne. Artykuł zawiera tylko oryginalne badania.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[292] viXra:1910.0338 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-18 01:37:25

Two-Rotor Structure of the Photon. Photon Gyroscopic Effect

Authors: Vladimir Leonov
Comments: 91 Pages, 18 Figures

This article was published like chapter 6 in the Leonov's book: Quantum Energetics. Volume 1. Theory of Superunification. Cambridge International Science Publishing, 2010, pp. 421-511. The structure of a photon as a wave particle has long remained incomprehensible to us. Analysis of the Maxwell equations for the electromagnetic field in the vacuum indicates that the spherical wave cannot expand in the relativistic region. This allows us to represent the electromagnetic field of a photon in the form of two rotors: electric and magnetic. These rotors are located in orthogonal planes with the possibility of rotation of the polarization planes. This ensures the constancy of the speed of the photon with the speed of light. Now that we know the two-rotor structure of a photon, we can analyze photon-photons interactions. This is a very important fundamental knowledge that is needed for the development of new quantum technologies: quantum computers, quantum entanglement, quantum generators (lasers) and others.
Category: Quantum Physics

[291] viXra:1910.0337 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-18 01:53:01

Quantum Processors out of Laser Light

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 33 Pages.

An international team of scientists from Australia, Japan and the United States has produced a prototype of a large-scale quantum processor made of laser light. [22] The physicists, Sally Shrapnel, Fabio Costa, and Gerard Milburn, at The University of Queensland in Australia, have published a paper on the new quantum probability rule in the New Journal of Physics. [21] Probabilistic computing will allow future systems to comprehend and compute with uncertainties inherent in natural data, which will enable us to build computers capable of understanding, predicting and decision-making. [20]
Category: Quantum Physics

[290] viXra:1910.0336 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-18 02:10:29

Blanket of Light Quantum Computers

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 36 Pages.

This makes it a potential candidate for the next generation of larger and more powerful quantum computers," adds Ulrik Lund Andersen. [23] An international team of scientists from Australia, Japan and the United States has produced a prototype of a large-scale quantum processor made of laser light. [22] The physicists, Sally Shrapnel, Fabio Costa, and Gerard Milburn, at The University of Queensland in Australia, have published a paper on the new quantum probability rule in the New Journal of Physics. [21]
Category: Quantum Physics

[289] viXra:1910.0335 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-18 03:25:08

Computers Models of Wind Turbines

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 37 Pages.

Researchers have modeled the fluid dynamics of multi-rotor wind turbines, and how they interact in wind farms. The research demonstrates a clear advantage for a turbine model with four rotors. [24] This makes it a potential candidate for the next generation of larger and more powerful quantum computers," adds Ulrik Lund Andersen. [23] An international team of scientists from Australia, Japan and the United States has produced a prototype of a large-scale quantum processor made of laser light. [22]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[288] viXra:1910.0334 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-18 03:58:38

Ultrasensitive Measure Light

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 49 Pages.

A team of UO physicists has drummed up a new way of measuring light: using microscopic drums to hear light. [33] Rice University scientists have found revealing information where light from a molecule meets light from a nanoparticle. [32] A University of Wyoming researcher and his team have shown, for the first time, the ability to globally align single-wall carbon nanotubes along a common axis. [31] The fight against global antibiotic resistance has taken a major step forward with scientists discovering a concept for fabricating nanomeshes as an effective drug delivery system for antibiotics. [30] The solution consisting of colloidal quantum dots is inkjet-printed, creating active photosensitive layer of the photodetector. [29] I'm part of a group of nanotechnology and neuroscience researchers at the University of Washington investigating how quantum dots behave in the brain. [28] Nanotechnology may provide an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease, a team of researchers suggests. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24] In a joint research project, scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI), the Technische Universität Berlin (TU) and the University of Rostock have managed for the first time to image free nanoparticles in a laboratory experiment using a highintensity laser source. [23] For the first time, researchers have built a nanolaser that uses only a single molecular layer, placed on a thin silicon beam, which operates at room temperature. [22]
Category: Quantum Physics

[287] viXra:1910.0333 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-18 04:45:04

Ultrafast Particle Interaction Quantum Information

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 48 Pages.

Lengthening the time during which a system is capable of retaining energy before losing it to the local environment is a key goal for the development of quantum information. [28] At the Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, researchers have realized the swap of electron spins between distant quantum dots. [27] A quantum circuit that can unambiguously test for information scrambling in an experiment could help verify the calculations of quantum computers and even shed more light on what happens to quantum information when it falls into a black hole. [26]
Category: Quantum Physics

[286] viXra:1910.0332 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-18 05:30:46

Organic Solar Cells

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 49 Pages.

Researchers at Institute for Molecular Science in Japan report that organic solar cells (OSCs) with high mobility and highly crystalline donor (D) and acceptor (A) materials were able to reduce an open-circuit voltage (VOC) loss. [37] Researchers from Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, have discovered a simple new tweak that could double the efficiency of organic electronics. [36] Researchers at the Max Born Institute have now generated directed currents at terahertz (THz) frequencies, much higher than the clock rates of current electronics. [35] Researchers at Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) have developed a simple yet accurate method for finding defects in the latest generation of silicon carbide transistors. [34] In 2017, University of Utah physicist Valy Vardeny called perovskite a "miracle material" for an emerging field of next-generation electronics, called spintronics, and he's standing by that assertion. [33] Scientists at Tokyo Institute of Technology proposed new quasi-1-D materials for potential spintronic applications, an upcoming technology that exploits the spin of electrons. [32] They do this by using "excitons," electrically neutral quasiparticles that exist in insulators, semiconductors and in some liquids. [31] Researchers at ETH Zurich have now developed a method that makes it possible to couple such a spin qubit strongly to microwave photons. [30] Quantum dots that emit entangled photon pairs on demand could be used in quantum communication networks. [29] Researchers successfully integrated the systems-donor atoms and quantum dots. [28] A team of researchers including U of A engineering and physics faculty has developed a new method of detecting single photons, or light particles, using quantum dots. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26]
Category: Physics of Biology

[285] viXra:1910.0331 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-18 05:45:51

Graphene Control Spin Currents

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 28 Pages.

In order to make transistors that operate using the spin of electrons rather than their charge, it is necessary to find a way of switching spin currents on and off. [19] Particles can exchange their spin, and in this way spin currents can be formed in a material. [18] Researchers have shown that certain superconductors-materials that carry electrical current with zero resistance at very low temperatures-can also carry currents of 'spin'. [17] The first known superconductor in which spin-3/2 quasiparticles form Cooper pairs has been created by physicists in the US and New Zealand. [16] Now a team of researchers from the University of Maryland (UMD) Department of Physics together with collaborators has seen exotic superconductivity that relies on highly unusual electron interactions. [15] A group of researchers from institutions in Korea and the United States has determined how to employ a type of electron microscopy to cause regions within an iron-based superconductor to flip between superconducting and non-superconducting states. [14] In new research, scientists at the University of Minnesota used a first-of-its-kind device to demonstrate a way to control the direction of the photocurrent without deploying an electric voltage. [13] Brown University researchers have demonstrated for the first time a method of substantially changing the spatial coherence of light. [12] Researchers at the University of Central Florida have generated what is being deemed the fastest light pulse ever developed. [11] Physicists at Chalmers University of Technology and Free University of Brussels have now found a method to significantly enhance optical force. [10] Nature Communications today published research by a team comprising Scottish and South African researchers, demonstrating entanglement swapping and teleportation of orbital angular momentum 'patterns' of light. [9] While physicists are continually looking for ways to unify the theory of relativity, which describes large-scale phenomena, with quantum theory, which describes small-scale phenomena, computer scientists are searching for technologies to build the quantum computer using Quantum Information. In August 2013, the achievement of "fully deterministic" quantum teleportation, using a hybrid technique, was reported. On 29 May 2014, scientists announced a reliable way of transferring data by quantum teleportation. Quantum teleportation of data had been done before but with highly unreliable methods. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to build the Quantum Computer with the help of Quantum Information.
Category: Condensed Matter

[284] viXra:1910.0330 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-18 06:16:25

Nature of Non-Radiation and Radiation of the Orbital Electron

Authors: Vladimir Leonov
Comments: 71 Pages, 13 Figures

This article was published like chapter 7 in the Leonov's book: Quantum Energetics. Volume 1. Theory of Superunification. Cambridge International Science Publishing, 2010, pp. 512-582. The atomic nucleus is located inside the gravitational well which is created by the mass of the nucleus. The presence of a gravitational well around an atomic nucleus was never taken into account in theory. Ignorance of this fact created many problems in describing and explaining the behavior of the orbital electron. The fact that the orbital electron rotates inside the gravitational well of the atomic nucleus was first established in the theory of Superunification. When an orbital electron falls on an atomic nucleus inside a gravitational well, its gravitational energy decreases as much as its electric energy increases. In this case, the total energy of the orbital electron remains constant regardless of the complexity of its trajectory. Therefore, the orbital electron does not emit photons, no matter how complex its trajectory inside the electron cloud. An orbital electron emits a photon at the moment of transition from one complex trajectory to another complex trajectory.
Category: Quantum Physics

[283] viXra:1910.0329 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-18 07:03:03

A Model of the Proton (Revised)

Authors: R. Wayte.
Comments: 31 Pages.

A composite model of the proton is developed which satisfies general empirical features. A Yukawa-type potential is incorporated into Einstein's equations of general relativity to predict a hadronic force constant 76.6 times stronger than the fine structure constant. Proton mass is expressed in terms of muonic mass building-blocks. Analysis of the magnetic moment allows substructure modelling wherein creation of component parts is described in terms of action-integrals. The gluon colour field is related to hadronic force and proton energy. Uniqueness of electromagnetic charge is attributed to a governing action principle. A neutron model has been proposed comprising a proton orbited by a heavy-electron. Compatibility with the quarks of the Standard Model has been established regarding interactions between particles.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[282] viXra:1910.0328 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-18 07:32:08

Thermal Photons. Molecule Recoil in Photon Emission

Authors: Vladimir Leonov
Comments: 20 Pages, 3 Figures

This article was published like chapter 8 in the Leonov's book: Quantum Energetics. Volume 1. Theory of Superunification. Cambridge International Science Publishing, 2010, pp. 583-602. This article is the basis of quantum thermodynamics. The fact is that the molecular-kinetic theory of heat is morally outdated and does not reflect modern requirements. We cannot formulate the correct concept of temperature. We only state the fact that with increasing temperature the chaotic vibrations of molecules and atoms increase. But this is a consequence. The cause of the phenomenon is the recoil of the molecule (atom) upon emission of a photon. The recoil force of a molecule (atom) upon emission of a photon was first calculated only in the theory of Superunification. And here we are faced with another paradox of quantum theory. It turns out that the recoil force is inversely proportional to the energy of the photon when it is emitted. The maximum recoil force per molecule (atom) is produced by low-energy thermal (infrared) photons. High-energy photons do not produce thermal effects. The temperature of a substance is determined by the concentration of thermal photons in it.
Category: Quantum Physics

[281] viXra:1910.0327 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-18 07:33:35

Quantum Simulator Spacetime

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 72 Pages.

Quantum simulation plays an irreplaceable role in diverse fields, beyond the scope of classical computers. [43] In a cooperative project, theorists from the the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics in Garching anf the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) have now developed a new toolbox for quantum simulators and published it in Science Advances. [42] An international team headed up by Alexander Holleitner and Jonathan Finley, physicists at the Technical University of Munich (TUM), has succeeded in placing light sources in atomically thin material layers with an accuracy of just a few nanometers. [41] The physicists, Brian Skinner at MIT, Jonathan Ruhman at MIT and Bar-Ilan University, and Adam Nahum at Oxford University, have published their paper on the phase transition for entanglement in a recent issue of Physical Review X. [40]
Category: Quantum Physics

[280] viXra:1910.0326 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-18 07:48:27

One-Dimensional Quantum Liquid

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 23 Pages.

The quantum mechanical equivalent consists of two charged ions which are immersed in a "liquid" formed by lighter neutral atoms. [15] ICFO researchers created a novel type of liquid 100 million times more dilute than water and 1 million times thinner than air. The experiments, published in Science, exploit a fascinating quantum effect to produce droplets of this exotic phase of matter. [14] "In a quantum spin liquid, spins continually fluctuate due to quantum effects and never enter a static ordered arrangement, in contrast to conventional magnets," Kelley said. "These states can host exotic quasiparticles that can be detected by inelastic neutron scattering." [13] An international team of researchers have found evidence of a mysterious new state of matter, first predicted 40 years ago, in a real material. This state, known as a quantum spin liquid, causes electrons-thought to be indivisible building blocks of nature-to break into pieces. [12] In a single particle system, the behavior of the particle is well understood by solving the Schrödinger equation. Here the particle possesses wave nature characterized by the de Broglie wave length. In a many particle system, on the other hand, the particles interact each other in a quantum mechanical way and behave as if they are "liquid". This is called quantum liquid whose properties are very different from that of the single particle case. [11] Quantum coherence and quantum entanglement are two landmark features of quantum physics, and now physicists have demonstrated that the two phenomena are "operationally equivalent"-that is, equivalent for all practical purposes, though still conceptually distinct. This finding allows physicists to apply decades of research on entanglement to the more fundamental but less-well-researched concept of coherence, offering the possibility of advancing a wide range of quantum technologies. [10] The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the relativistic quantum theory. The asymmetric sides are creating different frequencies of electromagnetic radiations being in the same intensity level and compensating each other. One of these compensating ratios is the electron-proton mass ratio. The lower energy side has no compensating intensity level, it is the dark energy and the corresponding matter is the dark matter.
Category: Quantum Physics

[279] viXra:1910.0323 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-18 08:40:14

Respiratory Disease High Blood Pressure

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 44 Pages.

Pulmonary hypertension is a type of high blood pressure that affects the lungs of both animals and people. [27] A team of researchers in China has used a form of the CRISPR gene editing technique to repair a genetic defect in a viable human embryo. [26] An international team of researchers has determined the function of a new family of proteins associated with cancer and autism. [25] In 2016, when we inaugurated our new IBM Research lab in Johannesburg, we took on this challenge and are reporting our first promising results at Health Day at the KDD Data Science Conference in London this month. [24] The research group took advantage of a system at SLAC's Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) that combines machine learning-a form of artificial intelligence where computer algorithms glean knowledge from enormous amounts of data-with experiments that quickly make and screen hundreds of sample materials at a time. [23] Researchers at the UCLA Samueli School of Engineering have demonstrated that deep learning, a powerful form of artificial intelligence, can discern and enhance microscopic details in photos taken by smartphones. [22] Such are the big questions behind one of the new projects underway at the MIT-IBM Watson AI Laboratory, a collaboration for research on the frontiers of artificial intelligence. [21]
Category: Physics of Biology

[278] viXra:1910.0322 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-18 12:33:20

On the Possible Mathematical Connections Between Some Equations of Various Topics Concerning the D-Branes and Some Sectors of Number Theory (Rogers-Ramanujan Continued Fractions and Mock Theta Functions).

Authors: Michele Nardelli, Antonio Nardelli
Comments: 201 Pages.

In this research thesis, we have described some new mathematical connections between some equations of various topics concerning the D-Branes and some sectors of Number Theory (Rogers-Ramanujan continued fractions and mock theta functions).
Category: Number Theory

[277] viXra:1910.0321 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-17 13:36:20

Ancient Semitic Linguistics

Authors: Stephen I. Ternyik
Comments: 14 Pages.

Educational Synopsis
Category: Linguistics

[276] viXra:1910.0318 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-17 22:31:15

Earth Moon moves with 2 Rates Of Time (Part III)

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 11 Pages.

We still discuss our subject "Earth Moon moves with 2 rates of time" (Parts I and II) The last paper concluded an interesting mystery which led to a serious question! Let's ask it in following: Why Mercury Day Period = 2 Mercury Orbital Period = 3 Mercury Rotation Period? Let's remember the mastery to see why this question is important: -Moon moves daily 2.58 mkm where this distance is contracted to be 2.41 mkm by length contraction effect – this difference in distances causes difference in velocities between Earth and Moon -The moon needs 0.17 mkm to perform a distance = 2.58 mkm = Earth Motion daily and based on that they will not separate from each other - but the moon moves daily by gravity forces a distance =88000 km only (Moon Daily Displacement) -So – The moon sends the distance 88000 km (Energy)- to Mercury who receives the value 88000 km and transforms it into 88 days – and Mercury based on this 88 days produced his Day period 176 days and transforms this value into 176000km and sends them to the moon to enable it to move the required distance 2.58 mkm. Interesting Mystery! But even contradicts another one! Which is -The moon moves 88000 km but this value becomes 176000 km because Uranus orbital distance =2 Saturn orbital distance – means – Uranus Saturn Relationship causes the value 88000 km to be 176000km! Based on that -What answer we expect for the question… Why Mercury Day period = 2 Mercury Orbital Periods?! -We expect that Uranus Saturn Relationship causes Mercury Day Period to be = 2 Mercury Orbital Periods… So this paper doesn't deal with any mystery… We here to answer the question Why Mercury Day Period = 2 Mercury Orbital Period = 3 Mercury Rotation Period?
Category: Astrophysics

[275] viXra:1910.0317 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-17 02:18:31

吴叶唐寅:theorem(四)Odd Number(2N+1=2+Pa、or、2N+1=2×Pa+Pb)

Authors: Wu Ye TangYin
Comments: 13 Pages. Please forgive me for my low level of mathematics writing. The article is right

According to the random theory and hypothesis theory, the calculation of any number is pushed to infinity. In this paper, 2n-a = 2 * B (B does not know whether it is prime number, or compound number. So the hypothesis plays an important role in judgment. If B is equal to prime, then there is no need to calculate. If B is a compound number, its factorization prime factor, we can get the prime number, and then we can calculate it. But infinity belongs to the unknown. We don't know what it is to decompose prime factors. Only a, B, C, D.. Then suppose it is a composite number. In this paper, it is only for infinite odd numbers. Is there an inverse column? Odd numbers are not equal to two same prime numbers, plus the sum of odd prime numbers.)
Category: Number Theory

[274] viXra:1910.0316 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-17 02:46:52

吴叶唐寅:theorem(三)Arbitrary Even Numbers(2n = pa + Pb )

Authors: Wu Ye TangYin
Comments: 13 Pages. Who is willing to help me revise the article? My writing level is low. But theoretical logic is right. Help me get in touch with math magazines.

o prove the idea, assuming that any even number can not be equal to the sum of two prime numbers, then according to the analog computing logic. Subject: Use hypothesis to judge unknown. In infinite even numbers, there are only numbers, a, b, c, D. Can only be judged; it's prime, or compound. When: 2N-P=B (B, it is a prime number, or it is a compound number), the hypothesis is used as the basis of judgment. If B equals a prime number, there is no need to calculate it. But B is an unknown number. Judge it to be a prime or a compound number. Assuming a complex number, it can decompose the prime factor. We can get prime numbers. Here, we use hypothesis computing theory to push the unknown to infinity.。Find any even number, there are prime pairs.(Abbreviation:2N=Pa+Pb)
Category: Number Theory

[273] viXra:1910.0315 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-17 02:58:00

Quantum Dots Revolutionize Healthcare

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 40 Pages.

The solution consisting of colloidal quantum dots is inkjet-printed, creating active photosensitive layer of the photodetector. [29] I'm part of a group of nanotechnology and neuroscience researchers at the University of Washington investigating how quantum dots behave in the brain. [28] Nanotechnology may provide an effective treatment for Parkinson’s disease, a team of researchers suggests. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26]
Category: Quantum Physics

[272] viXra:1910.0314 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-17 03:23:00

Nanomesh Drug Delivery

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 42 Pages.

The fight against global antibiotic resistance has taken a major step forward with scientists discovering a concept for fabricating nanomeshes as an effective drug delivery system for antibiotics. [30] The solution consisting of colloidal quantum dots is inkjet-printed, creating active photosensitive layer of the photodetector. [29] I'm part of a group of nanotechnology and neuroscience researchers at the University of Washington investigating how quantum dots behave in the brain. [28] Nanotechnology may provide an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease, a team of researchers suggests. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24] In a joint research project, scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI), the Technische Universität Berlin (TU) and the University of Rostock have managed for the first time to image free nanoparticles in a laboratory experiment using a highintensity laser source. [23] For the first time, researchers have built a nanolaser that uses only a single molecular layer, placed on a thin silicon beam, which operates at room temperature. [22] A team of engineers at Caltech has discovered how to use computer-chip manufacturing technologies to create the kind of reflective materials that make safety vests, running shoes, and road signs appear shiny in the dark. [21] In the September 23th issue of the Physical Review Letters, Prof. Julien Laurat and his team at Pierre and Marie Curie University in Paris (Laboratoire Kastler Brossel-LKB) report that they have realized an efficient mirror consisting of only 2000 atoms. [20]
Category: Physics of Biology

[271] viXra:1910.0313 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-17 03:45:32

Carbon Nanotubes Common Axis

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 44 Pages.

A University of Wyoming researcher and his team have shown, for the first time, the ability to globally align single-wall carbon nanotubes along a common axis. [31] The fight against global antibiotic resistance has taken a major step forward with scientists discovering a concept for fabricating nanomeshes as an effective drug delivery system for antibiotics. [30] The solution consisting of colloidal quantum dots is inkjet-printed, creating active photosensitive layer of the photodetector. [29] I'm part of a group of nanotechnology and neuroscience researchers at the University of Washington investigating how quantum dots behave in the brain. [28] Nanotechnology may provide an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease, a team of researchers suggests. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24] In a joint research project, scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI), the Technische Universität Berlin (TU) and the University of Rostock have managed for the first time to image free nanoparticles in a laboratory experiment using a highintensity laser source. [23] For the first time, researchers have built a nanolaser that uses only a single molecular layer, placed on a thin silicon beam, which operates at room temperature. [22] A team of engineers at Caltech has discovered how to use computer-chip manufacturing technologies to create the kind of reflective materials that make safety vests, running shoes, and road signs appear shiny in the dark. [21] In the September 23th issue of the Physical Review Letters, Prof. Julien Laurat and his team at Pierre and Marie Curie University in Paris (Laboratoire Kastler Brossel-LKB) report that they have realized an efficient mirror consisting of only 2000 atoms. [20]
Category: Condensed Matter

[270] viXra:1910.0312 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-17 04:06:10

Nanoparticles Light-Based Detection

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 46 Pages.

Rice University scientists have found revealing information where light from a molecule meets light from a nanoparticle. [32] A University of Wyoming researcher and his team have shown, for the first time, the ability to globally align single-wall carbon nanotubes along a common axis. [31] The fight against global antibiotic resistance has taken a major step forward with scientists discovering a concept for fabricating nanomeshes as an effective drug delivery system for antibiotics. [30] The solution consisting of colloidal quantum dots is inkjet-printed, creating active photosensitive layer of the photodetector. [29] I'm part of a group of nanotechnology and neuroscience researchers at the University of Washington investigating how quantum dots behave in the brain. [28] Nanotechnology may provide an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease, a team of researchers suggests. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24] In a joint research project, scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI), the Technische Universität Berlin (TU) and the University of Rostock have managed for the first time to image free nanoparticles in a laboratory experiment using a highintensity laser source. [23] For the first time, researchers have built a nanolaser that uses only a single molecular layer, placed on a thin silicon beam, which operates at room temperature. [22] A team of engineers at Caltech has discovered how to use computer-chip manufacturing technologies to create the kind of reflective materials that make safety vests, running shoes, and road signs appear shiny in the dark. [21]
Category: Condensed Matter

[269] viXra:1910.0311 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-17 04:19:19

Airborne Chemicals Identified

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 49 Pages.

(NTU Singapore) have developed a device that can identify a wide range of airborne gases and chemicals instantly. [33] Rice University scientists have found revealing information where light from a molecule meets light from a nanoparticle. [32] A University of Wyoming researcher and his team have shown, for the first time, the ability to globally align single-wall carbon nanotubes along a common axis. [31] The fight against global antibiotic resistance has taken a major step forward with scientists discovering a concept for fabricating nanomeshes as an effective drug delivery system for antibiotics. [30] The solution consisting of colloidal quantum dots is inkjet-printed, creating active photosensitive layer of the photodetector. [29] I'm part of a group of nanotechnology and neuroscience researchers at the University of Washington investigating how quantum dots behave in the brain. [28] Nanotechnology may provide an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease, a team of researchers suggests. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24] In a joint research project, scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI), the Technische Universität Berlin (TU) and the University of Rostock have managed for the first time to image free nanoparticles in a laboratory experiment using a highintensity laser source. [23] For the first time, researchers have built a nanolaser that uses only a single molecular layer, placed on a thin silicon beam, which operates at room temperature. [22]
Category: Condensed Matter

[268] viXra:1910.0310 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-17 04:45:27

Optional Cause to Alzheimer Disease: Too High Screening of the Electromagnetic Mutual-Inductance Between Axons in the Brain

Authors: Israel Fried
Comments: 23 Pages.

Electromagnetic (EM) self-inductance of a single axon about itself was measured and show no significant influence on the electric conductance in the axon (Scott 1971). Recent works regard EM mutual inductance (EMMI) between parts of the same axon. AS far as I know, there is no work regarding EMMI between different axons. Here suggested a theoretical option that too high screening of EMMI between many axons in the brain causes to the Alzheimer disease (AD). Accordingly, suggested theoretical options for preventing AD and using EEG for monitoring EMMI shielding, and thus, AD status. Also, suggested research methods for proving EEMI between multi myelinated axons and its screening. Also suggested to measure the memory of many million people during a major geomagnetic storm on Earth due to sun eruption, in order to find out the level of shielding in many million people and getting alarm, years before the common signs of AD appears, and start active actions to prevent AD. Note: Since the ideas in this article are theoretical, yet without laboratory research, one should not regard these ideas as clinical suggestions.
Category: Mind Science

[267] viXra:1910.0309 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-17 04:28:13

Does the Polytropic Gas Yield Better Results in a 5D Framework?

Authors: Halil Ibrahim Ay, Oktay Aydogdu, Musafa Salti
Comments: 21 Pages.

In this work, we study the polytropic gas (PG) cosmology in a d-dimensional (dD) form of the flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) framework. In this context, we focus on the evolution of the corresponding energy density as a first step. Next, we use the most recent data from the Type Ia Supernova (SN Ia), observational values of the cosmic Hubble parameter (OHD) and the updated Planck-results to place constraints on the free parameters defined in the model. We show that the 5D form of the scenario is more compatible with the recent observations. Moreover, according to the best values of the auxiliary parameters, we compte age of the cosmos theoretically.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[266] viXra:1910.0308 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-17 04:32:57

Variable Polytropic Gas Cosmolgy

Authors: M. Salti, E. E. Kangal, O. Aydogdu
Comments: 19 Pages. Annals of Physics 407 (2019) 166–178

We mainly study a cosmological scenario represented by the variable Polytropic gas (VPG) unified energy density proposal. To reach this aim, we start with reconstructing a variable form of the original Polytropic gas (OPG) definition. We show that this model is a generalization of the OPG, cosmological constant plus cold dark matter (ΛCDM) and two different Chaplygin gas models. Later, we fit the auxiliary parameters given in the model and discuss essential cosmological features of the VPG proposal. Besides, we compare the VPG with the OPG by focusing on recent observational dataset given in literature including Planck 2018 results. We see that the VPG model yields better results than the OPG description and it fits very well with the recent experimental data. Moreover, we discuss some thermodynamical features of the VPG and conclude that the model describes a thermodynamically stable system.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[265] viXra:1910.0307 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-17 04:34:45

Variable Generalized Chaplygin Gas in a 5D Cosmology

Authors: Mustafa Salti, Oktay Aydogdu, Hilmi Yanar, Kenan Sogut
Comments: 18 Pages. Annals of Physics 390 (2018) 131–142

We construct the variable generalized Chaplygin gas (VGCG) defining a unified dark matterenergy scenario and investigate its essential cosmological properties in a universe governed by the Kaluza-Klein (KK) theory. A possible theoretical basis for the VGCG in the KK cosmology is argued. Also, we check the validity of thermodynamical laws and reimpelement dynamics of tachyons in the KK universe.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[264] viXra:1910.0306 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-17 04:36:03

Variable Chaplygin Gas in Kaluza-Klein Framework

Authors: M. Salti, O. Aydogdu, A. Tas, K. Sogut, E. E. Kangal
Comments: 9 Pages. Can. J. Phys. 97: 117–124 (2019)

We investigate cosmological features of the variable Chaplygin gas (VCG) describing a unified dark matter-energy scenario in a universe governed by the five dimensional (5D) Kaluza-Klein (KK) gravity. In such a proposal, the VCG evolves as from the dust-like phase to the phantom or the quintessence phases. It is concluded that the background evolution for the KK type VCG definition is equivalent to that for the dark energy interacting with the dark matter. Next, after performing neo-classical tests, we calculated the proper, luminosity and angular diameter distances. Additionally, we construct a connection between the VCG in the KK universe and a homogenous minimally coupled scalar field by introducing its self-interacting potential and also we confirm the stability of the KK type VCG model by making use of thermodynamics. Moreover, we use data from Type Ia Supernova (SN Ia), observational H(z) dataset (OHD) and Planck-2015 results to place constraints on the model parameters. Subsequently, according to the best-fit values of the model parameters we analyze our results numerically.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[263] viXra:1910.0305 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-17 04:37:45

Machine Learning Algorithm in a Caloric View Point of Cosmology

Authors: E. E. Kangal, M. Saltiy, O. Aydogdu
Comments: 20 Pages. Physics of the Dark Universe 26 (2019) 100369

In the present work, we mainly discuss the variable polytropic gas (VPG henceforth) proposal, which is describing a self-gravitating gaseous sphere and can be considered as a crude approximation for realistic stellar denitions, from a caloric perspective. In order to reach this aim, we start with reconstructing the VPG model by making use of thermodynamics. And then, the auxiliary parameters written in the proposal are tted by focusing on updated experimental dataset published in literature. We also discuss the model in view of the statistical perspective and conclude that the caloric VPG model (cVPG henceforth) is in good agreement with the recent astrophysical observations. With the help of the statistical discussions, we see that the cVPG model is suitable for the statistical cosmology and can be used to make useful predictions for the future of the universe via the machine learning (ML henceforth) methods like the linear regression (LR henceforth) algorithm. Moreover, according to the results, we also perform a rough estimation for the lifetime of the universe and conclude that the cosmos will be torn apart after 51Gyr which means our universe has spent 21 percent of its lifetime.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[262] viXra:1910.0304 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-17 06:45:04

Age Affects Perception of White LED Light

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 44 Pages.

Although LEDs are increasingly used in low-energy lighting and displays, consumers sometimes find their light harsh or unpleasant. [31] The fight against global antibiotic resistance has taken a major step forward with scientists discovering a concept for fabricating nanomeshes as an effective drug delivery system for antibiotics. [30] The solution consisting of colloidal quantum dots is inkjet-printed, creating active photosensitive layer of the photodetector. [29] I'm part of a group of nanotechnology and neuroscience researchers at the University of Washington investigating how quantum dots behave in the brain. [28] Nanotechnology may provide an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease, a team of researchers suggests. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24] In a joint research project, scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI), the Technische Universität Berlin (TU) and the University of Rostock have managed for the first time to image free nanoparticles in a laboratory experiment using a highintensity laser source. [23] For the first time, researchers have built a nanolaser that uses only a single molecular layer, placed on a thin silicon beam, which operates at room temperature. [22] A team of engineers at Caltech has discovered how to use computer-chip manufacturing technologies to create the kind of reflective materials that make safety vests, running shoes, and road signs appear shiny in the dark. [21] In the September 23th issue of the Physical Review Letters, Prof. Julien Laurat and his team at Pierre and Marie Curie University in Paris (Laboratoire Kastler Brossel-LKB) report that they have realized an efficient mirror consisting of only 2000 atoms. [20]
Category: Quantum Physics

[261] viXra:1910.0303 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-17 07:02:08

Fractal Patterns in Quantum Material

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 59 Pages.

Now physicists at MIT and elsewhere have for the first time discovered fractal-like patterns in a quantum material-a material that exhibits strange electronic or magnetic behavior, as a result of quantum, atomic-scale effects. [33] Rice University physicist Qimiao Si began mapping quantum criticality more than a decade ago, and he's finally found a traveler that can traverse the final frontier. [32] Physicists studying the strange behavior of metal alloys called heavy fermions have made a surprising discovery that could be useful in safeguarding the information stored in quantum bits, or qubits, the basic units of encoded information in quantum computers. [31] Properties of complex materials are often determined by the interplay of several electron properties. TU Wien (Vienna) has now succeeded in disentangling this mess. [30] Physicists have found "electron pairing," a hallmark feature of superconductivity, at temperatures and energies well above the critical threshold where superconductivity happens. [29] It was a three-hour nighttime road trip that capped off a journey begun seven years ago. [28] Discovered more than 100 years ago, superconductivity continues to captivate scientists who seek to develop components for highly efficient energy transmission, ultrafast electronics or quantum bits for next-generation computation. [27] One of the greatest mysteries in condensed matter physics is the exact relationship between charge order and superconductivity in cuprate superconductors. [26] Cuprates hold the record high superconducting temperature at ambient pressure so far, but understanding their superconducting mechanism remains one of the great challenges of physical sciences listed as one of 125 quests announced
Category: Condensed Matter

[260] viXra:1910.0302 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-17 07:20:00

Bio-Circuitry Neurons Computing

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 44 Pages.

Researchers at the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory, the University of Tennessee and Texas A&M University demonstrated bio-inspired devices that accelerate routes to neuromorphic, or brain-like, computing. [31] The fight against global antibiotic resistance has taken a major step forward with scientists discovering a concept for fabricating nanomeshes as an effective drug delivery system for antibiotics. [30] The solution consisting of colloidal quantum dots is inkjet-printed, creating active photosensitive layer of the photodetector. [29] I'm part of a group of nanotechnology and neuroscience researchers at the University of Washington investigating how quantum dots behave in the brain. [28] Nanotechnology may provide an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease, a team of researchers suggests. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24] In a joint research project, scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI), the Technische Universität Berlin (TU) and the University of Rostock have managed for the first time to image free nanoparticles in a laboratory experiment using a highintensity laser source. [23] For the first time, researchers have built a nanolaser that uses only a single molecular layer, placed on a thin silicon beam, which operates at room temperature. [22] A team of engineers at Caltech has discovered how to use computer-chip manufacturing technologies to create the kind of reflective materials that make safety vests, running shoes, and road signs appear shiny in the dark. [21]
Category: Physics of Biology

[259] viXra:1910.0300 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-17 07:28:29

Unification of Electromagnetism and Gravitation. Antigravitation

Authors: Vladimir Leonov
Comments: 95 Pages, 20 Figures

This article was published like chapter 3 in the Leonov's book: Quantum Energetics. Volume 1. Theory of Superunification. Cambridge International Science Publishing, 2010, pp. 167-261. The problem of unification of electromagnetism and gravitation was formulated by Einstein. But only I solved this problem in the theory of Superunification. For this, I had to find a common particle which is the carrier of electromagnetism and gravity at the same time. This particle is a quanton - a quantum of four-dimensional space-time. Gravity appears inside the quantized space-time as a result of its deformation (Einstein's curvature) under the influence of the gravitational mass of the body (particle). And vice versa, the mass of a body (particle) is born as a result of spherical deformation of quantized space-time. Mass is a cluster (bunch) of electromagnetic energy of deformed quantized space-time. The electromagnetic energy of deformation of this cluster is equivalent to mass according to Einstein’s formula mC’2. The movement of mass is the wave transfer of the spherical deformation of quantized space-time in accordance with the principle of wave-particle duality.
Category: Quantum Physics

[258] viXra:1910.0299 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-17 07:34:11

Human Brain Development

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 45 Pages.

Researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, and ETH Zurich, Switzerland, have presented new insights into the development of the human brain and differences in this process compared to other great apes. [32] Researchers at the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory, the University of Tennessee and Texas A&M University demonstrated bio-inspired devices that accelerate routes to neuromorphic, or brain-like, computing. [31] The fight against global antibiotic resistance has taken a major step forward with scientists discovering a concept for fabricating nanomeshes as an effective drug delivery system for antibiotics. [30] The solution consisting of colloidal quantum dots is inkjet-printed, creating active photosensitive layer of the photodetector. [29] I'm part of a group of nanotechnology and neuroscience researchers at the University of Washington investigating how quantum dots behave in the brain. [28] Nanotechnology may provide an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease, a team of researchers suggests. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24] In a joint research project, scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI), the Technische Universität Berlin (TU) and the University of Rostock have managed for the first time to image free nanoparticles in a laboratory experiment using a highintensity laser source. [23] For the first time, researchers have built a nanolaser that uses only a single molecular layer, placed on a thin silicon beam, which operates at room temperature. [22]
Category: Mind Science

[257] viXra:1910.0298 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-17 07:47:59

Mice Born with Hyper-Long Telomeres

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 47 Pages.

A chance finding 10 years ago led to the creation by researchers of the Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO) of the first mice born with much longer telomeres than normal in their species. [32] Researchers at the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory, the University of Tennessee and Texas A&M University demonstrated bio-inspired devices that accelerate routes to neuromorphic, or brain-like, computing. [31] The fight against global antibiotic resistance has taken a major step forward with scientists discovering a concept for fabricating nanomeshes as an effective drug delivery system for antibiotics. [30] The solution consisting of colloidal quantum dots is inkjet-printed, creating active photosensitive layer of the photodetector. [29] I'm part of a group of nanotechnology and neuroscience researchers at the University of Washington investigating how quantum dots behave in the brain. [28] Nanotechnology may provide an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease, a team of researchers suggests. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24] In a joint research project, scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI), the Technische Universität Berlin (TU) and the University of Rostock have managed for the first time to image free nanoparticles in a laboratory experiment using a highintensity laser source. [23] For the first time, researchers have built a nanolaser that uses only a single molecular layer, placed on a thin silicon beam, which operates at room temperature. [22]
Category: Physics of Biology

[256] viXra:1910.0294 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-17 08:27:28

Undulating Relativity + § 29 Yukawa Potential Energy

Authors: Alfredo Dimas Moreira Garcia
Comments: 162 Pages.

Yukawa Potential Energy
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[255] viXra:1910.0293 [pdf] replaced on 2019-10-18 07:34:11

Motivating Abstract with Elementary Algebra

Authors: Timothy W. Jones
Comments: 9 Pages. Additional material added with corrections.

There are natural lead-ins to abstract algebra that occur in elementary algebra. We explore function composition using linear functions and permutations on letters in misspellings of words. Groups and the central idea of abstract algebra, proving 5th degree and greater polynomials are unsolvable, are put into focus for college students.
Category: Algebra

[254] viXra:1910.0291 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-17 10:22:10

The Quantized Structure of the Electron and the Positron. the Neutrino

Authors: Vladimir Leonov
Comments: 90 Pages, 16 Figures

This article was published like chapter 4 in the Leonov's book: Quantum Energetics. Volume 1. Theory of Superunification. Cambridge International Science Publishing, 2010, pp. 262-351. What is an electron? Previously, we believed that an electron has an electric charge and mass that are inseparable from each other. In the theory of Superunification, an entire electric quark is used as the electron charge. An electric quark has no mass. The mass of an electron is formed as a result of spherical deformation of quantized space-time around a central electric charge-quark. Thus itself electric quark cannot be in a free state without mass inside the quantized space-time. Inside a quantized space-time an electric quark acquires mass. The same applies to the quantized positron structure. When the electron and positron approach each other, they annihilate. After annihilation, electric quarks form an electric dipole in the form of an electron neutrino that has no mass. The destruction of spherical deformation around the electron and positron leads to the release of the electromagnetic energy of their mass through the emission of gamma rays.
Category: Quantum Physics

[253] viXra:1910.0290 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-17 12:17:24

Quantized Structure of Nucleons. the Nature of Nuclear Forces

Authors: Vladimir Leonov
Comments: 69 Pages, 18 Figures

This article was published like chapter 5 in the Leonov's book: Quantum Energetics. Volume 1. Theory of Superunification. Cambridge International Science Publishing, 2010, pp. 352-420. To solve the problem of nuclear forces, I had to destroy part of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). None of the physicists directly measured the fractional electric charge in QCD. Only an entire electric charge of physics was measured with the highest accuracy. Elementary electric charge e is the most stable constant in nature. Only entire electric quarks with a charge of ±1e make up the structure of nucleons to create a sing-alternating (sing-changing) shell with alternating charges in sign. The presence of a sing-alternating shell for nucleons provides spherical deformation of quantized space-time and the formation of mass. The sing-alternating shells of the nucleons create short-range electric forces, regardless of the presence of an excess charge on the nucleon. These short-range electrical forces are equivalent to nuclear forces.
Category: Quantum Physics

[252] viXra:1910.0288 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-16 14:30:17

Coping with Compassion Fatigue and Burnout in Genetic Counselors using The Provider Resilience Mobile Application

Authors: Lindsey Kelley, Susan Capasso, Jennifer Duffy
Comments: Pages.

Introduction: Genetic counselors often work with patients in distress, which can take an emotional toll. Qualities that make genetic counselors effective, such as compassion and empathy, can leave them susceptible to experiencing burnout and compassion fatigue. There is a strong need for genetic counselors to be aware of their levels of burnout, and to make the commitment to incorporate self-care into their practice. This is particularly important as the daily workload and demands on genetic counselors continue to increase. The Provider Resilience mobile application (PR app) is a mobile app designed to help mental health professionals do just that, and consequently reduce their levels of burnout. Methods: This study sought to determine the effectiveness of the PR app in reducing burnout and compassion fatigue in genetic counselors. A total of 36 clinical genetic counselors were recruited to participate in the study via email in February 2019. They were asked to download and use the PR app “regularly” for one month time. They were also asked to complete pre and post surveys before and after using the app, measuring their levels of burnout and compassion fatigue (using the Professional Quality of Life scale). A paired sample t-test was used to assess significant differences in scores from the pre and post survey. Results: Study participants averaged 3.5 years (SD = 4.7) genetic counseling experience, and were overall satisfied with their position (47% satisfied; 44% somewhat satisfied; 6% somewhat dissatisfied; and 3% dissatisfied). Their baseline Compassion Satisfaction and Burnout scores were in the average range, while their Compassion Fatigue scores were in the low range. Results of the paired samples t-test indicated significant decreases in the Compassion Fatigue scores (t(34) = 2.299, p = .028), but Compassion Satisfaction and the Burnout scores did not significantly change after using the app for the month (t(34) = -.855, p = .398 and t(34) = 1.724, p = .094 respectively). Conclusion: Overall, this sample of genetic counselors appeared to be psychologically healthy, endorsing average levels of compassion fatigue and burnout and generally satisfied in their current position. While there was not much change in compassion satisfaction and burnout scores, there was a significant decrease in compassion fatigue after using the app. The Provider Resilience app appears to be easy to use and allows convenient and consistent availability of daily reminders to engage in self-care, which may help to reduce burnout in genetic counselors.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[251] viXra:1910.0287 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-16 16:42:02

Electromagnetic Nature and Structure of Cosmic Vacuum

Authors: Vladimir Leonov
Comments: 99 Pages, 25 Figures

This article was published like chapter 2 in the Leonov's book: Quantum Energetics. Volume 1. Theory of Superunification. Cambridge International Science Publishing, 2010, pp. 68-166. Space vacuum is a specific electromagnetic field which in the region of the ultra microworld of Leonov’s length of 10-25 m can be considered as a static electromagnetic field. Electromagnetic phenomena (electric and magnetic fields, electromagnetic waves) arise in a cosmic vacuum as a result of the violation of its electromagnetic equilibrium. Gravitational phenomena (gravitation and antigravity) arise in a cosmic vacuum as a result of its deformation (Einstein's curvature). The carrier of this electromagnetic field is quanton and quantized space-time. The analytical derivation of Maxwell's equations was first obtained by me as a result of electromagnetic polarization of the quantized space-time. The quantized space-time is carrier of superstrong electromagnetic interaction (SEI) - fifth fundamental force (Superforce). SEI is a global electromagnetic field permeating our entire universe.
Category: Quantum Physics

[250] viXra:1910.0286 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-16 17:25:54

A Hypothesis on the Number of Generations in the Standard Model

Authors: Domenico Oricchio
Comments: 1 Page.

I hypothesize that the number of neutrino types is infinite
Category: Classical Physics

[249] viXra:1910.0285 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-16 17:23:41

A Counterpart of the Isotropic Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Centres of Created Baryons

Authors: Sylwester Kornowski
Comments: 2 Pages.

Here, applying the dynamics of the cores of baryons described within the Scale-Symmetric Theory (SST), we explain the origin of the isotropic Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRB).
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[248] viXra:1910.0284 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-16 18:42:13

Harnessing Machine Learning to Anticipate Infectious Disease Threats with Pandemic Potential

Authors: Chandra Swarathesh Addanki
Comments: 8 Pages.

With the massive emergence and exponential increase in the number of infectious diseases with pandemic potential spreading across the globe, we need a modern approach to find these sort of infectious diseases before they reach their pandemic potential , Our objective is to address this challenge by creating an IVR (interactive Voice Response) system which takes a voice input from user then queries, filters and classifies using big data whether the disease is pandemic and informs the user the results of the prediction and keeps track of it.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[247] viXra:1910.0283 [pdf] replaced on 2019-11-11 20:44:29

A Computing Method About How Many `comparable' Pairs of Elements Exist in a Certain Set

Authors: Yasushi Ieno
Comments: 17 Pages.

Given two sets, one consisting of variables representing distinct positive n numbers, the other set `a kind of power set' of this n-element set. I got interested in the fact that for the latter set, depending on the values of two elements, it can occur that not every pair of elements is `comparable', that is to say, it is not always uniquely determined which of two elements is smaller. By proving theorems in order to go ahead with our research, we show a table which describes for how many `comparable' cases exist, for several n's.
Category: Combinatorics and Graph Theory

[246] viXra:1910.0281 [pdf] replaced on 2019-12-29 20:29:20

A New Look at Potential vs. Actual Infinity

Authors: Felix M. Lev
Comments: 11 Pages.

The {\it technique} of classical mathematics involves only potential infinity, i.e. infinity is understood only as a limit, and, as a rule, legitimacy of every limit is thoroughly investigated. However, {\it the basis} of classical mathematics does involve actual infinity: the infinite ring of integers $Z$ is the starting point for constructing infinite sets with different cardinalities, and, even in standard textbooks on classical mathematics, it is not even posed a problem whether $Z$ can be treated as a limit of finite sets. On the other hand, finite mathematics starts from the ring $R_p=(0,1,...p-1)$ (where all operations are modulo $p$) and the theory deals only with a finite number of elements. We give a direct proof that $Z$ can be treated as a limit of $R_p$ when $p\to\infty$, and the proof does not involve actual infinity. Then we explain that, as a consequence, finite mathematics is more fundamental than classical one.
Category: Number Theory

[245] viXra:1910.0280 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-16 02:09:26

R+Java+Renjin+ImageJ+JikesRVM in the Context of Sparse Matrices/Machine Learning/Medical Imaging R&D in HPC – High Performance Computing Environments.

Authors: Nirmal Tej Kumar
Comments: 2 Pages. Short Communication & Technical Notes

R+Java+Renjin+ImageJ+JikesRVM in the Context of Sparse Matrices/Machine Learning/Medical Imaging R&D in HPC – High Performance Computing Environments.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[244] viXra:1910.0279 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-16 03:19:06

Big Bang Model Established in 2013

Authors: Yuji Masuda
Comments: 91 Pages.

This is Big Bang Model in 2013.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[243] viXra:1910.0278 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-16 04:50:33

Quantum Dots for Brain Research

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 39 Pages.

I'm part of a group of nanotechnology and neuroscience researchers at the University of Washington investigating how quantum dots behave in the brain. [28] Nanotechnology may provide an effective treatment for Parkinson’s disease, a team of researchers suggests. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25]
Category: Mind Science

[242] viXra:1910.0277 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-16 05:24:31

Cosmic Electromagnetic Fields

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 35 Pages.

One such mystery is the origin of electromagnetic fields on the very largest scale in the universe. [26] An international team of researchers extended their results from a previous study to directly measure the cosmic-ray all-electron (electron + positron) spectrum in an energy range from 11 GeV to 4.8 TeV with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET). [25] Mysterious radiation emitted from distant corners of the galaxy could finally be explained with efforts to recreate a unique state of matter that blinked into existence in the first moments after the Big Bang. [24]
Category: Astrophysics

[241] viXra:1910.0276 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-16 06:06:37

Skyrmions Dynamic Pattern

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 54 Pages.

Now a team has succeeded in measuring the dynamics of these skyrmions in detail for the first time using a single-crystal sample of Cu2OSeO3. [33] Skyrmions are formed in magnetic systems via a variety of mechanisms, some of which work together. [32] Unique physical properties of these "magic knots" might help to satisfy demand for IT power and storage using a fraction of the energy. [31] A skyrmion is the magnetic version of a tornado which is obtained by replacing the air parcels that make up the tornado by magnetic spins, and by scaling the system down to the nanometre scale. [30] A new material created by Oregon State University researchers is a key step toward the next generation of supercomputers. [29] Magnetic materials that form helical structures-coiled shapes comparable to a spiral staircase or the double helix strands of a DNA molecule-occasionally exhibit exotic behavior that could improve information processing in hard drives and other digital devices. [28] In a new study, researchers have designed "invisible" magnetic sensors-sensors that are magnetically invisible so that they can still detect but do not distort the surrounding magnetic fields. [27] At Carnegie Mellon University, Materials Science and Engineering Professor Mike McHenry and his research group are developing metal amorphous nanocomposite materials (MANC), or magnetic materials whose nanocrystals have been grown out of an amorphous matrix to create a two phase magnetic material that exploits both the attractive magnetic inductions of the nanocrystals and the large electrical resistance of a metallic glass. [26] The search and manipulation of novel properties emerging from the quantum nature of matter could lead to next-generation electronics and quantum computers. [25]
Category: Quantum Physics

[240] viXra:1910.0275 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-16 08:01:52

Quantum Light in Thin Layers

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 41 Pages.

When a current is applied to a thin layer of tungsten diselenide, it begins to glow in a highly unusual fashion. In addition to ordinary light, which other semiconductor materials can emit, tungsten diselenide also produces a very special type of bright quantum light, which is created only at specific points of the material. [30] Molecules that are involved in photosynthesis exhibit the same quantum effects as non-living matter, concludes an international team of scientists including University of Groningen theoretical physicist Thomas la Cour Jansen. [29] Nanoparticles derived from tea leaves inhibit the growth of lung cancer cells, destroying up to 80% of them, new research by a joint Swansea University and Indian team has shown. [28] A team of researchers including U of A engineering and physics faculty has developed a new method of detecting single photons, or light particles, using quantum dots. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24] In a joint research project, scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI), the Technische Universität Berlin (TU) and the University of Rostock have managed for the first time to image free nanoparticles in a laboratory experiment using a highintensity laser source. [23] For the first time, researchers have built a nanolaser that uses only a single molecular layer, placed on a thin silicon beam, which operates at room temperature. [22] A team of engineers at Caltech has discovered how to use computer-chip manufacturing technologies to create the kind of reflective materials that make safety vests, running shoes, and road signs appear shiny in the dark. [21] In the September 23th issue of the Physical Review Letters, Prof. Julien Laurat and his team at Pierre and Marie Curie University in Paris (Laboratoire Kastler Brossel-LKB) report that they have realized an efficient mirror consisting of only 2000 atoms. [20]
Category: Quantum Physics

[239] viXra:1910.0274 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-16 08:17:13

Quantum Photon-Style

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 42 Pages.

Researchers at the University of Geneva (UNIGE), Switzerland, working in partnership with Tehran's Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), have proved that this arrangement allows for a new form of quantum correlation in theory. [31] When a current is applied to a thin layer of tungsten diselenide, it begins to glow in a highly unusual fashion. In addition to ordinary light, which other semiconductor materials can emit, tungsten diselenide also produces a very special type of bright quantum light, which is created only at specific points of the material. [30]
Category: Quantum Physics

[238] viXra:1910.0273 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-16 10:09:11

Trions at Room Temperature

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 45 Pages.

A University of Maryland-led team of researchers has discovered a method to reliably synthesize and trap trions that remain stable at room temperature. [32] Researchers at the University of Geneva (UNIGE), Switzerland, working in partnership with Tehran's Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), have proved that this arrangement allows for a new form of quantum correlation in theory. [31] When a current is applied to a thin layer of tungsten diselenide, it begins to glow in a highly unusual fashion. In addition to ordinary light, which other semiconductor materials can emit, tungsten diselenide also produces a very special type of bright quantum light, which is created only at specific points of the material. [30]
Category: Quantum Physics

[237] viXra:1910.0272 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-16 10:26:24

Supermassive Black Holes Star Clusters

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 45 Pages.

Further investigation of how nuclear star clusters form and evolve will be needed to determine how frequently phase transitions of this kind occur in nature. [29] A new Tel Aviv University-led study published today in Nature Astronomy finds that some supermassive black holes are triggered to grow, suddenly devouring a large amount of gas in their surroundings. [28] Needless to say, we do not have the capability of performing real experiments in or near black holes yet, so scientists resort to theory and simulations to develop an understanding, by making predictions and new discoveries. [27]
Category: Astrophysics

[236] viXra:1910.0271 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-16 10:48:30

Transmission Electron Microscope

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 61 Pages.

A team of researchers affiliated with several institutions in Japan has built a high-voltage transmission electron microscope small enough to reside in a university lab. [38] Using a familiar tool in a way it was never intended to be used opens up a whole new method to explore materials, report UConn researchers in Proceedings of the National Academy of Science. [37] "We put the optical microscope under a microscope to achieve accuracy near the atomic scale," said NIST's Samuel Stavis, who served as the project leader for these efforts. [36] Researchers have designed an interferometer that works with magnetic quasiparticles called magnons, rather than photons as in conventional interferometers. [35] A technique to manipulate electrons with light could bring quantum computing up to room temperature. [34] The USTC Microcavity Research Group in the Key Laboratory of Quantum Information has perfected a 4-port, all-optically controlled non-reciprocal multifunctional photonic device based on a magnetic-field-free optomechanical resonator. [33] To address this technology gap, a team of engineers from the National University of Singapore (NUS) has developed an innovative microchip, named BATLESS, that can continue to operate even when the battery runs out of energy. [32] Stanford researchers have developed a water-based battery that could provide a cheap way to store wind or solar energy generated when the sun is shining and wind is blowing so it can be fed back into the electric grid and be redistributed when demand is high. [31] Researchers at AMOLF and the University of Texas have circumvented this problem with a vibrating glass ring that interacts with light. They thus created a microscale circulator that directionally routes light on an optical chip without using magnets. [30] Researchers have discovered three distinct variants of magnetic domain walls in the helimagnet iron germanium (FeGe). [29] Magnetic materials that form helical structures-coiled shapes comparable to a spiral staircase or the double helix strands of a DNA molecule-occasionally exhibit exotic behavior that could improve information processing in hard drives and other digital devices. [28]
Category: Quantum Physics

[235] viXra:1910.0270 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-16 11:06:13

Cryptography Without Secret Keys

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 69 Pages.

Using a physical unclonable key (PUK), which can be a stroke of white paint on a surface, and the quantum properties of light, researchers of the University of Twente and Eindhoven University of Technology have presented a new type of data security that does away with secret keys. [42] Cryptography is often used in information technology security environments to protect sensitive, high-value data that might be compromised during transmission or while in storage. [41] In a step forward for information security for the Internet of Things, a team of researchers has published a new paper in the online edition of Nano Letters in which they have engineered a new type of physically unclonable function (PUF) based on interfacial magnetic anisotropy energy (IAE). [40] Researchers from Linköping University and the Royal Institute of Technology in Sweden have proposed a new device concept that can efficiently transfer the information carried by electron spin to light at room temperature-a stepping stone toward future information technology. [39] Now writing in Light Science & Applications, Hamidreza Siampour and co-workers have taken a step forward in the field of integrated quantum plasmonics by demonstrating on-chip coupling between a single photon source and plasmonic waveguide. [38] Researchers at University of Utah Health developed a proof-of-concept technology using nanoparticles that could offer a new approach for oral medications. [37] Using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), extremely high resolution imaging of the molecule-covered surface structures of silver nanoparticles is possible, even down to the recognition of individual parts of the molecules protecting the surface. [36] A fiber optic sensing system developed by researchers in China and Canada can peer inside supercapacitors and batteries to observe their state of charge. [35] The idea of using a sound wave in optical fibers initially came from the team's partner researchers at Bar-Ilan University in Israel. Joint research projects should follow. [34]
Category: Quantum Physics

[234] viXra:1910.0269 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-16 11:07:32

Earth Moon moves with 2 Rates Of Time (Part II)

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 14 Pages.

Paper Hypothesis The moon moves with 2 different velocities – Why? ….Because The moon is a light beam his velocity is The Light Known Velocity (0.3mkm/s) And The moon orbit is created of light beam also (Light Supposed Velocity 1.16 mkm/s) The moon passing through his orbit causes light coherence, creating the matter to be created (The Moon Planet Creation) i.e. The moon was a light beam before to enter his orbit around Earth and becomes A Planet moves by masses gravity when he enters the orbit i.e. The Moon Moves By 2 Rates Of Time Because He Moves 2 Different Motions – Moves As A Light Beam And As A Planet. What does prove the moon motion as a light beam? 10921 km (moon circumference) x 27.3 days (moon orbital period) = 0.3 mkm This equation tells -If the moon rotates around his axis one rotation daily, he will pass during his orbital period a distance = light motion (0.3mkm/s) for 1 second! 10921 km (moon circumference) x 86400 seconds (solar day)= 940 mkm This equation tells- If Earth revolves around the sun one complete revolution in 1 solar day – so the moon circumference will = its motion for 1 second The equations geometrical mechanism is hard to be explained – but the light velocity effect is seen (And need deep discussion to discover it)
Category: Astrophysics

[233] viXra:1910.0268 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-16 11:20:58

Ultrashort Flashes of Light Control

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 62 Pages.

Physicists from the University of Bayreuth and the University of Göttingen have now discovered a new method for adjusting the extremely short time intervals between laser flashes with exceptional speed and precision. [39] A team of researchers affiliated with several institutions in Japan has built a high-voltage transmission electron microscope small enough to reside in a university lab. [38] Using a familiar tool in a way it was never intended to be used opens up a whole new method to explore materials, report UConn researchers in Proceedings of the National Academy of Science. [37]
Category: Quantum Physics

[232] viXra:1910.0267 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-16 11:37:03

Fundamental Discoveries of the Space-Time Quantum (Quanton) and Superstrong Electromagnetic Interaction (Sei)

Authors: Vladimir Leonov
Comments: 68 Pages, 24 Figures

The quantum of space-time (quanton) was discovered by me in 1996. Quanton is a real particle of time that sets the pace of the spatial clock. Quanton is a real particle of time that sets the pace (rhythm) of a spatial clock. It is a volume electromagnetic resonator with elastic properties like an oscillating clock spring. Quanton counts Leonov’s time, which are 10 orders of magnitude slower than Planck time. Quanton occupies an elementary volume in space and has dimensions (Leonov's length), establishing the discreteness of quantized space-time. Leonov's length is a new fundamental length that is 10 orders of magnitude greater than the Planck length. A quanton consists of four integers quarks: two electric and two magnetic, located at the vertices of the tetrahedron inside the spherical particle. These integer quarks have no mass but have a charge. The magnetic quark was introduced into physics for the first time in the theory of Superunification. Магнитный кварк был введен в физику впервые в теории Суперобъединения. Only four quarks inside a quanton determine the electromagnetic structure of quantized space-time and its electromagnetic symmetry between electricity and magnetism. Colossal electromagnetic energy is accumulated inside the quanton. If you activate one cubic meter of quantized space-time (space vacuum), then this energy will be equivalent to the energy of the material part of our universe. We have finally found the source of energy for the Big Bang, if this fact has take place in reality. But we do not know who quantized our universe? The colossal energy of the quanton confirms that the quanton and quantized space-time is the carrier of superstrong electromagnetic interaction (SEI). SEI is the fifth fundamental force (Superforce) that unifies gravity, electromagnetism, nuclear and electroweak forces.
Category: Quantum Physics

[231] viXra:1910.0266 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-16 11:44:38

A Resolution to the Vacuum Catastrophe

Authors: Siamak Tafazoli
Comments: 2 Pages.

This paper presents a theoretical estimate for the vacuum energy density which turns out to be near zero and thus much more palatable than an infinite or a very large theoretical value obtained by imposing an ultraviolet frequency cut-off. This result helps address the "vacuum catastrophe" and the "cosmological constant problem".
Category: Quantum Physics

[230] viXra:1910.0263 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-15 14:44:54

The Clebsch Diagonal, the Associahedra and Motivic Gravity

Authors: M. D. Sheppeard
Comments: 12 Pages.

The associahedra appear in a line configuration space for the real Clebsch diagonal surface, which we relate to e6 in the magic star, with applications to mass generation.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[229] viXra:1910.0262 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-15 16:12:44

Heavy Dark Matter Neutrino Tau-Antitau Pair Existence Reexamined

Authors: George R. Briggs
Comments: 1 Page.

Abstract: A leptonic tau-antitau composite particle of presumably 3552 MeV mass was observed over 3 years ago. Later in 2017 I published about such a heavy dark neutrino particle, which I am here reexamining
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[228] viXra:1910.0261 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-15 19:05:23

Prime Opinion Part I

Authors: Derek Tucker
Comments: 7 Pages.

Our objective is to demistify prime gaps in the integers. We will show that the explicit range of prime gaps in the integers is bounded from below by two and above by the expression 〖2p〗_(n-1) , valid for gaps beginning 〖(p〗_n^2-1)-p_(n-1). This upper bound theoretically becomes necessarily greater than empirical observation within empirically verified range, enabling explicit closure on prime gap issues. These results confirm the prime pattens conjecture and the Prime Inter-Square Conjecture (PISC) Legendre’s conjecture.
Category: Number Theory

[227] viXra:1910.0259 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-15 20:49:22

Negative Mass Can be Positively Thought-Provoking

Authors: Tong Wang
Comments: 10 Pages.

Following up previous discussions, suggestions, and insights about negative mass by other authors, this article further elaborates on systems of combined mass and negative mass. These configurations can be massless and stationary. The external physical effects of such systems are analyzed in detail. Some surprising results arise within the frameworks of Newtonian mechanics and Electromagnetism.
Category: Classical Physics

[226] viXra:1910.0257 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-15 02:19:06

[ Gentle Compiler Construction System/cool-Spe ] in the Context of [ Minsky Machines/nlp ] Towards Big Data Testing on Iot/hpc [ Hardware+software+firmware ] R&D Platforms – a General Approach in Using Minsky Machines+nlp.

Authors: Nirmal Tej Kumar
Comments: 2 Pages. Short Communication & Technical Notes

[ Gentle Compiler Construction System/CooL-SPE ] in the Context of [ Minsky Machines/NLP ] towards BIG DATA Testing on IoT/HPC - [ Hardware+Software+Firmware ] R&D Platforms – A General Approach in Using Minsky Machines+NLP.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[225] viXra:1910.0256 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-15 03:33:28

Cheaper Catalyst Generate Hydrogen

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 60 Pages.

Researchers at the Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University have shown for the first time that a cheap catalyst can split water and generate hydrogen gas for hours on end in the harsh environment of a commercial device. [40] Researchers at the University of California, Irvine have developed a new scanning transmission electron microscopy method that enables visualization of the electric charge density of materials at sub-angstrom resolution. [39]
Category: Condensed Matter

[224] viXra:1910.0255 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-15 04:07:04

A Deep Neural Network as Surrogate Model for Forward Simulation of Borehole Resistivity Measurements

Authors: M. Shahriari, D. Pardo, B. Moser
Comments: 7 Pages.

Inverse problems appear in multiple industrial applications. Solving such inverse problems require the repeated solution of the forward problem. This is the most time-consuming stage when employing inversion techniques, and it constitutes a severe limitation when the inversion needs to be performed in real-time. In here, we focus on the real-time inversion of resistivity measurements for geosteering. We investigate the use of a deep neural network (DNN) to approximate the forward function arising from Maxwell's equations, which govern the electromagnetic wave propagation through a media. By doing so, the evaluation of the forward problems is performed offline, allowing for the online real-time evaluation (inversion) of the DNN.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[223] viXra:1910.0254 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-15 04:31:09

Friction in Topological Insulator

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 52 Pages.

A team of researchers at the University of Maryland has found a new way to route photons at the micrometer scale without scattering by building a topological quantum optics interface. [31] Researchers at the University of Bristol's Quantum Engineering Technology Labs have demonstrated a new type of silicon chip that can help building and testing quantum computers and could find their way into your mobile phone to secure information. [30] Theoretical physicists propose to use negative interference to control heat flow in quantum devices. [29] Particle physicists are studying ways to harness the power of the quantum realm to further their research. [28] A fundamental barrier to scaling quantum computing machines is "qubit interference." In new research published in Science Advances, engineers and physicists from Rigetti Computing describe a breakthrough that can expand the size of practical quantum processors by reducing interference. [26] The search and manipulation of novel properties emerging from the quantum nature of matter could lead to next-generation electronics and quantum computers. [25]
Category: Quantum Physics

[222] viXra:1910.0253 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-15 04:53:14

Tackle Radioresistant Melanoma

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 61 Pages.

Microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) uses synchrotron X-ray beams to deliver spatially fractionated radiation, with extremely high peak doses deposited in the microbeam path and tissue located between the microbeams receiving only a small fraction of this dose. [38] The new technology can successfully measure heart rate and oxygen saturation. It also has the potential to measure blood pressure and cardiac output, whilst maintaining its flexible and transparent form. [37] Electrical engineers at Duke University have devised a fully print-in-place technique for electronics that is gentle enough to work on delicate surfaces including paper and human skin. [36]
Category: Physics of Biology

[221] viXra:1910.0252 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-15 05:11:37

Alphabet of Origami

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 76 Pages.

This discovery could help in the construction of origami robots and toward designing smart programmable materials. [51] A team of researchers from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Vanderbilt University and the University of Maryland has created origami-like structures made out of graphene using scanning tunneling microscopy. In their paper published in the journal Science, the group explains how they achieved this feat and possible applications. [50] Platinum has long been used as a catalyst to enable the oxidation reduction reaction at the center of fuel cell technology. [49] Titanium oxide (TiO2) nanofibers can have various applications, such as in catalyzers and filters. [48] Today, scientists report progress in making versions of these nanoparticles that could someday give built-in night vision to humans. [47] A new piece of a difficult puzzle-the nature of memory-fell into place this week with a hint at how brain cells change structure when they learn something. [46] Researchers at the University of Alberta have found an important protein in the cells of a deadly infectious parasite, opening the door to less harmful treatment for millions of people suffering from diseases like sleeping sickness in Africa and Chagas disease in South America. [45] The remarkable ability of a small Australian sea snail to produce a colourful purple compound to protect its eggs is proving even more remarkable for its potential in a new anti-cancer pharmaceutical. [44] Gene editing technology is a technology that eliminates the underlying causes of and treats diseases by removing specific genesor editing genes to restore their normal function. In particular, CRISPR gene editing technology is now commonly used for immunotherapy by correcting the genes of immune cells to induce them to attack cancer cells selectively. [43]
Category: Physics of Biology

[220] viXra:1910.0251 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-15 05:40:36

Nano-Guitar String Plays Itself

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 58 Pages.

Scientists at Lancaster University and the University of Oxford have created a nano-electronic circuit which vibrates without any external force. [40] The research is carried out in the Quantum Photonics Group at the Niels Bohr Institute, which is a part of the newly established Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q) [39] With international collaboration, researchers at Aalto University have now developed a nanosized amplifier to help light signals propagate through microchips. [38] Physicists at the Kastler Brossel Laboratory in Paris have reached a milestone in the combination of cold atoms and nanophotonics. [37]
Category: Condensed Matter

[219] viXra:1910.0250 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-15 07:29:38

If Electromagnetic Fine Structure =1/137 Then Hubble Constant=73 Km/s Mpc-1

Authors: Miroslaw Kozlowski
Comments: 3 Pages.

Recent overview of the results of the research of Hubble constant by Joshua Sokol is very interesting[1]. We can learn that the numerical value of Hubble constant is still open. In Essay I present my own research results which are very old but in the light of Sokol discussion are valuable. I state and answer the question Can Hubble constant be calculated in the frame of Planck Epoch constant. The answer is yes
Category: Astrophysics

[218] viXra:1910.0248 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-15 10:29:57

Quantum Computing Diversity

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 91 Pages.

In quantum computing, as in team building, a little diversity can help get the job done better, computer scientists have discovered. [55] Significant technical and financial issues remain towards building a large, fault-tolerant quantum computer and one is unlikely to be built within the coming decade. [54] Chemists at Friedrich Schiller University in Jena (Germany) have now synthesised a molecule that can perform the function of a computing unit in a quantum computer. [53] The research team developed the first optical microchip to generate, manipulate and detect a particular state of light called squeezed vacuum, which is essential for HYPERLINK "https://phys.org/tags/quantum/" quantum computation. [52] Australian scientists have investigated new directions to scale up qubits-utilising the spin-orbit coupling of atom qubits-adding a new suite of tools to the armory. [51] A team of international researchers led by engineers from the National University of Singapore (NUS) have invented a new magnetic device to manipulate digital information 20 times more efficiently and with 10 times more stability than commercial spintronic digital memories. [50] Working in the lab of Mikhail Lukin, the George Vasmer Leverett Professor of Physics and co-director of the Quantum Science and Engineering Initiative, Evans is lead author of a study, described in the journal Science, that demonstrates a method for engineering an interaction between two qubits using photons. [49] Researchers with the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory have demonstrated a new level of control over photons encoded with quantum information. [48] Researchers from Intel Corp. and the University of California, Berkeley, are looking beyond current transistor technology and preparing the way for a new type of memory and logic circuit that could someday be in every computer on the planet. [47] A team of scientists from Arizona State University's School of Molecular Sciences and Germany have published in Science Advances online today an explanation of how a particular phase-change memory (PCM) material can work one thousand times faster than current flash computer memory, while being significantly more durable with respect to the number of daily read-writes. [46]
Category: Quantum Physics

[217] viXra:1910.0247 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-15 10:50:25

Photons Recover Interference

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 45 Pages.

This interference is important for everything from fundamental tests of quantum physics to the speedy calculations of quantum computers, but creating it requires exquisite control over particles that are indistinguishable. [28] Scientists from the Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, in collaboration with the University of Oxford and NIST, have shown that quantum interference enables processing of large sets of data faster and more accurately than with standard methods. [27] Over the last few decades, the exponential increase in computer power and accompanying increase in the quality of algorithms has enabled theoretical and particle physicists to perform more complex and precise simulations of fundamental particles and their interactions. [26] A collaboration of scientists from five of the world's most advanced x-ray sources in Europe, Japan and the US, has succeeded in verifying a basic prediction of the quantum-mechanical behavior of resonant systems. [25] This achievement is considered as an important landmark for the realization of practical application of photon upconversion technology. [24] Considerable interest in new single-photon detector technologies has been scaling in this past decade. [23] Engineers develop key mathematical formula for driving quantum experiments. [22] Physicists are developing quantum simulators, to help solve problems that are beyond the reach of conventional computers. [21] Engineers at Australia's University of New South Wales have invented a radical new architecture for quantum computing, based on novel 'flip-flop qubits', that promises to make the large-scale manufacture of quantum chips dramatically cheaper-and easier-than thought possible. [20] A team of researchers from the U.S. and Italy has built a quantum memory device that is approximately 1000 times smaller than similar devices-small enough to install on a chip. [19]
Category: Quantum Physics

[216] viXra:1910.0246 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-15 11:08:07

Chains of Atoms at Lightning Speed

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 30 Pages.

Chains of atoms dash around at lightning speeds inside the solid material. [20] A group of Michigan State University (MSU) researchers specializing in quantum calculations has proposed a radically new computational approach to solving the complex many-particle Schrödinger equation that holds the key to explaining the motion of electrons in atoms and molecules. [19] This method, called atomic spin squeezing, works by redistributing the uncertainty unevenly between two components of spin in these measurements systems, which operate at the quantum scale. [18] Researchers from the University of Cambridge have taken a peek into the secretive domain of quantum mechanics. [17] Scientists at the University of Geneva (UNIGE), Switzerland, recently reengineered their data processing, demonstrating that 16 million atoms were entangled in a one-centimetre crystal. [15] The fact that it is possible to retrieve this lost information reveals new insight into the fundamental nature of quantum measurements, mainly by supporting the idea that quantum measurements contain both quantum and classical components. [14] Researchers blur the line between classical and quantum physics by connecting chaos and entanglement. [13] Yale University scientists have reached a milestone in their efforts to extend the durability and dependability of quantum information. [12] Using lasers to make data storage faster than ever. [11] Some three-dimensional materials can exhibit exotic properties that only exist in "lower" dimensions. For example, in one-dimensional chains of atoms that emerge within a bulk sample, electrons can separate into three distinct entities, each carrying information about just one aspect of the electron's identity-spin, charge, or orbit. The spinon, the entity that carries information about electron spin, has been known to control magnetism in certain insulating materials whose electron spins can point in any direction and easily flip direction. Now, a new study just published in Science reveals that spinons are also present in a metallic material in which the orbital movement of electrons around the atomic nucleus is the driving force behind the material's strong magnetism. [10] Currently studying entanglement in condensed matter systems is of great interest. This interest stems from the fact that some behaviors of such systems can only be explained with the aid of entanglement. [9] Researchers from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) and the University of Cambridge in the UK have demonstrated that it is possible to directly generate an electric current in a magnetic material by rotating its magnetization. [8] This paper explains the magnetic effect of the electric current from the observed effects of the accelerating electrons, causing naturally the experienced changes of the electric field potential along the electric wire. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the wave particle duality and the electron's spin also, building the bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The changing acceleration of the electrons explains the created negative electric field of the magnetic induction, the changing relativistic mass and the Gravitational Force, giving a Unified Theory of the physical forces. Taking into account the Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators also, we can explain the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions.
Category: Condensed Matter

[215] viXra:1910.0245 [pdf] replaced on 2021-07-27 09:29:30

Complex Hadamard Matrices and Applications

Authors: Teo Banica
Comments: 300 Pages.

A complex Hadamard matrix is a square matrix $H\in M_N(\mathbb C)$ whose entries are on the unit circle, $|H_{ij}|=1$, and whose rows and pairwise orthogonal. The main example is the Fourier matrix, $F_N=(w^{ij})$ with $w=e^{2\pi i/N}$. We discuss here the basic theory of such matrices, with emphasis on geometric and analytic aspects.
Category: Functions and Analysis

[214] viXra:1910.0244 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-15 11:23:59

Liquids Behave with Other Materials

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 32 Pages.

Using a range of theoretical and simulation approaches, physicists from the University of Bristol have shown that liquids in contact with substrates can exhibit a finite number of classes of behaviour and identify the important new ones. [21] Chains of atoms dash around at lightning speeds inside the solid material. [20] A group of Michigan State University (MSU) researchers specializing in quantum calculations has proposed a radically new computational approach to solving the complex many-particle Schrödinger equation that holds the key to explaining the motion of electrons in atoms and molecules. [19] This method, called atomic spin squeezing, works by redistributing the uncertainty unevenly between two components of spin in these measurements systems, which operate at the quantum scale. [18] Researchers from the University of Cambridge have taken a peek into the secretive domain of quantum mechanics. [17] Scientists at the University of Geneva (UNIGE), Switzerland, recently reengineered their data processing, demonstrating that 16 million atoms were entangled in a one-centimetre crystal. [15] The fact that it is possible to retrieve this lost information reveals new insight into the fundamental nature of quantum measurements, mainly by supporting the idea that quantum measurements contain both quantum and classical components. [14] Researchers blur the line between classical and quantum physics by connecting chaos and entanglement. [13] Yale University scientists have reached a milestone in their efforts to extend the durability and dependability of quantum information. [12] Using lasers to make data storage faster than ever. [11] Some three-dimensional materials can exhibit exotic properties that only exist in "lower" dimensions. For example, in one-dimensional chains of atoms that emerge within a bulk sample, electrons can separate into three distinct entities, each carrying information about just one aspect of the electron's identity-spin, charge, or orbit. The spinon, the entity that carries information about electron spin, has been known to control magnetism in certain insulating materials whose electron spins can point in any direction and easily flip direction. Now, a new study just published in Science reveals that spinons are also present in a metallic material in which the orbital movement of electrons around the atomic nucleus is the driving force behind the material's strong magnetism. [10] Currently studying entanglement in condensed matter systems is of great interest. This interest stems from the fact that some behaviors of such systems can only be explained with the aid of entanglement. [9] Researchers from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) and the University of Cambridge in the UK have demonstrated that it is possible to directly generate an electric current in a magnetic material by rotating its magnetization. [8] This paper explains the magnetic effect of the electric current from the observed effects of the accelerating electrons, causing naturally the experienced changes of the electric field potential along the electric wire. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the wave particle duality and the electron's spin also, building the bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The changing acceleration of the electrons explains the created negative electric field of the magnetic induction, the changing relativistic mass and the Gravitational Force, giving a Unified Theory of the physical forces. Taking into account the Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators also, we can explain the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions.
Category: Condensed Matter

[213] viXra:1910.0243 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-15 12:19:07

Atlas Boost

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 38 Pages.

The outer realms of the periodic table, where stable, long-lived isotopes give way to radioactive ions, offer nuclear scientists a unique glimpse into the structure of nuclei and a better understanding of how the different elements in our universe came to be as a result of stellar fusion or supernova explosions. [29] The ATLAS collaboration has released its very first result utilising its entire Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Run 2 dataset, collected between 2015 and 2018. [28]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[212] viXra:1910.0241 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-14 14:20:32

Energy and Matter Creation - The Poynting Vortex

Authors: Richard Lawrence Norman, Jeremy Dunning-Davies
Comments: 14 Pages.

As has been pointed out on several occasions, misinterpretations of experimental results and the concealment - sometimes actual suppression - of scientific work deemed to be outside the bounds of perceived conventional wisdom have been allowed to go unchecked. This attitude has undoubtedly blocked some avenues of approach to the solution of present day problems. Here it is intended to attempt to bring attention to some new avenues of research which may prove fruitful in the future in solving at least some of the problems facing humanity concerning energy production and shortage.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[211] viXra:1910.0240 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-14 14:24:34

A Proposed Basis for Quantum Uncertainty Effects

Authors: Richard Lawrence Norman, Jeremy Dunning-Davies
Comments: 14 Pages.

Quantum scale “uncertainty” effects limiting measurement accuracy appear to reflect the actual properties of quantum particles as has been well substantiated in numerous experimental examples. However, the concept of uncertainty appears to lack any clear physical basis and stands as an effects descriptor, not as a causal description of actual particulate physical properties. The famous EPR paradox is examined, assessed and placed into current perspective then new theory is presented defining the functional causal basis of observed uncertainty effects. Lastly, experimental evidence will be presented in support of this new model.
Category: Quantum Physics

[210] viXra:1910.0239 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-14 16:47:14

Inequality in the Universe, Imaginary Numbers and a Brief Solution to P=NP? Problem

Authors: Mesut Kavak
Comments: 3 Pages.

While I was working about some basic physical phenomena, I discovered some geometric relations that also interest mathematics. In this work, I applied the rules I have been proven to P=NP? problem over impossibility of perpendicularity in the universe. It also brings out extremely interesting results out like imaginary numbers which are known as real numbers currently. Also it seems that Euclidean Geometry is impossible. The actual geometry is Riemann Geometry and complex numbers are real.
Category: Number Theory

[209] viXra:1910.0237 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-14 22:04:42

On Prime NumberⅩ

Authors: Yuji Masuda
Comments: 1 Page.

This is on primes⑩
Category: Number Theory

[208] viXra:1910.0236 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-14 02:04:56

BBS News / Russian Service. Environmental Report to the Un. 06.05.2019 (In Russian)

Authors: Report of the UN.
Comments: 7 Pages. in Russian

Humanity is increasingly destroying the biosphere: due to human impact on the environment, about a million species of animals and plants were on the verge of extinction, such a disappointing conclusion was reached by scientists in the report of the intergovernmental scientific and policy platform on biodiversity and ecosystem services IPBES.
Category: Social Science

[207] viXra:1910.0234 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-14 03:51:15

The Pascal Triangle of Maximum Deng Entropy

Authors: Xiaozhuan Gao, Yong Deng
Comments: 19 Pages.

Pascal-Triangle (known as Yang Hui Triangle) is an important structure in mathematics, which has been used many fields. Entropy plays an essential role in physics. In various, information entropy is used to measure the uncertainty of information. Hence, setting the connection between Pascal Triangle and information uncertainty is a question worth exploring. Deng proposed the Deng entropy that it can measure non-specificity and discord of basic probability assignment (BPA) in Dempster-Shafer (D-S) evidence theory. D-S evidence theory and power set are very closely related. Hence, by analysing the maximum Deng entropy, the paper find that there is an potential rule of BPA with changes of frame of discernment. Finally, the paper set the relation between the maximum Deng entropy and PascalTriangle.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[206] viXra:1910.0233 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-14 04:00:32

Discrete Model of Electron

Authors: José Garrigues Baixauli
Comments: 27 Pages.

An electron model is developed based on a 4D sphere with a diameter of the Planck length. This model allows us to explain and calculate the intrinsic properties of the electron, such as its mass, charge, spin, etc., from the fundamental constants. Using this Planck sphere in four dimensions, we reach the conclusion that the electron particle has a size that is fixed by the Planck dimensions. The rotation of the Planck sphere generates the electron wave, the size of which depends on its wavelength. Our hypothesis is that the universe is composed of Planck spheres in four spatial dimensions, with two possible states: a rest state and rotational movement
Category: Classical Physics

[205] viXra:1910.0231 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-14 05:06:20

Relativistic Invariant Banking

Authors: Miroslaw Kozlowski
Comments: 5 Pages. We consider application of special relativity theory to banking processes

World market is very unstable . In this Essay we show why. For the growing stream of liquid money on the market , the velocity of financial processes is going to the limit value , invariant stream velocity. Which is the maximal velocity for physical processes in the market. When v= vin market is unstable and uncontrolled. It is ready to critical behavior with negative trends, i.e abrupt decreasing Price, smaller then established values
Category: Economics and Finance

[204] viXra:1910.0230 [pdf] replaced on 2019-11-03 22:12:39

Another Method to Solve the Grasshopper Problem (The International Mathematical Olympiad)

Authors: Yasushi Ieno
Comments: 31 Pages.

The 6th problem of the 50th International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO), held in Germany, 2009, is called 'the grasshopper problem'. To this problem Kos developed theory from unique viewpoints by reference of Noga Alon’s combinatorial Nullstellensatz. We have tried to solve this problem by an original method inspired by a polynomial function that Kos defined, then examined for n=3, 4 and 5. For almost cases the claim of this problem follows, but there remains imperfection due to 'singularity'.
Category: Combinatorics and Graph Theory

[203] viXra:1910.0228 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-14 08:05:50

Organic Quantum Dots Nanoarray

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 38 Pages.

This system has exciting implications for fields such as computer memory, light-emitting devices and quantum computing. [28] Photoresponsive flash memories made from organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) that can be quickly erased using just light might find use in a host of applications, including flexible imaging circuits, infra-red sensing memories and multibit-storage memory cells. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24] In a joint research project, scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI), the Technische Universität Berlin (TU) and the University of Rostock have managed for the first time to image free nanoparticles in a laboratory experiment using a highintensity laser source. [23] For the first time, researchers have built a nanolaser that uses only a single molecular layer, placed on a thin silicon beam, which operates at room temperature. [22] A team of engineers at Caltech has discovered how to use computer-chip manufacturing technologies to create the kind of reflective materials that make safety vests, running shoes, and road signs appear shiny in the dark. [21] In the September 23th issue of the Physical Review Letters, Prof. Julien Laurat and his team at Pierre and Marie Curie University in Paris (Laboratoire Kastler Brossel-LKB) report that they have realized an efficient mirror consisting of only 2000 atoms. [20] Physicists at MIT have now cooled a gas of potassium atoms to several nanokelvins-just a hair above absolute zero-and trapped the atoms within a two-dimensional sheet of an optical lattice created by crisscrossing lasers. Using a high-resolution microscope, the researchers took images of the cooled atoms residing in the lattice. [19] Researchers have created quantum states of light whose noise level has been "squeezed" to a record low. [18]
Category: Quantum Physics

[202] viXra:1910.0227 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-14 08:23:34

Layered Superconducting Materials

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 30 Pages.

Scientists from Tokyo Metropolitan University have created a new layered superconducting material with a conducting layer made of bismuth, silver, tin, sulfur and selenium. [20] Scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy's Ames Laboratory have developed a method to accurately measure the "exact edge" or onset at which a magnetic field enters a superconducting material. [19] TU Wien has now made a major advance towards achieving this goal and, at the same time, has furthered an understanding of why conventional materials only become superconducting at around -200°C [18] The emerging field of spintronics leverages electron spin and magnetization. [17] The first known superconductor in which spin-3/2 quasiparticles form Cooper pairs has been created by physicists in the US and New Zealand. [16] Now a team of researchers from the University of Maryland (UMD) Department of Physics together with collaborators has seen exotic superconductivity that relies on highly unusual electron interactions. [15]
Category: Quantum Physics

[201] viXra:1910.0226 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-14 08:48:59

Protein-Folded DNA Nanostructures

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 41 Pages.

By using proteins that naturally bind and arrange DNA inside cells, a KAUST-led team has devised a plug-and-play strategy for building stable, custom-designed nanostructures. [25] Scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research in Cologne have now discovered how a protein called LMI1 can control leaf growth and shape. [24] One way we might actually prove our biological complexity is to look at the number of different proteins that our bodies can produce for building all our different types of cells and the other things they need. [23]
Category: Physics of Biology

[200] viXra:1910.0225 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-14 09:23:36

Impressive Holography

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 62 Pages.

Physicists and materials scientists have developed a compact optical device containing vertically stacked metasurfaces that can generate microscopic text and full-color holograms for encrypted data storage and color displays. [40] Laser physicists have succeeded in reducing the acquisition time for data required for reliable characterization of multidimensional electron motions by a factor of 1000. [39] Princeton researchers have demonstrated a new way of making controllable "quantum wires" in the presence of a magnetic field, according to a new study published in Nature. [38]
Category: Quantum Physics

[199] viXra:1910.0224 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-14 09:35:28

The Amount of Organic Compounds.

Authors: Bezverkhniy Volodymyr Dmytrovych.
Comments: 7 Pages.

It is shown that the amount of organic compounds is uncountable infinite set. Uncountable infinite sets is also the number of substances in one homologous series, the number of homologous series themselves, as well as the number of functional groups. Obviously, the carbon form of life has literally countless organic substances for the origin of life. It can be shown that the probability origin life in the infinite Universe is equal to one. It can also be shown that using the encoding of genetic information on “alkane DNA”, uncountable infinite sets of synthetic artificial biospheres can be obtained.
Category: Chemistry

[198] viXra:1910.0223 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-14 10:46:06

Dark Energy Simple Explanation.

Authors: Richard Palkovac
Comments: 1 Page.

Dark energy - very simple explanation.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[197] viXra:1910.0222 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-14 10:46:45

Electron Charge Exchange in Molecules

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 57 Pages.

Researchers at the University of California, Irvine have developed a new scanning transmission electron microscopy method that enables visualization of the electric charge density of materials at sub-angstrom resolution. [39] Princeton researchers have demonstrated a new way of making controllable "quantum wires" in the presence of a magnetic field, according to a new study published in Nature. [38] Physicists at the Kastler Brossel Laboratory in Paris have reached a milestone in the combination of cold atoms and nanophotonics. [37] The universal laws governing the dynamics of interacting quantum particles are yet to be fully revealed to the scientific community. [36] Now NIST scientists have designed a vacuum gauge that is small enough to deploy in commonly used vacuum chambers. [35]
Category: Condensed Matter

[196] viXra:1910.0221 [pdf] replaced on 2020-12-02 10:57:57

Electro-gravity via Geometric Chronon Field and on the Origin of Mass

Authors: Eytan Haim Suchard
Comments: 59 Pages. Muon/Electron mass ratio in (43), Tauon/Muon (43.12), exact inverse Fine Structure Constant (43.17.2), Mass gap (43.17.3)-(43.17.7)

In 1982, Dr. Sam Vaknin pondered the idea of reconstructing physics based on time as a field. His idea appeared in his doctorate dissertation as an amendment to the Dirac spinor equation. Sam saw the Quantum Field Theory particles and momentum and energy as a result of the language of physics and of the way the human mind perceives reality and not as reality. To the author’s opinion, it is a revolution of the language itself and is not a new interpretation of the existing language. The Special Theory of Relativity was a revolution and so was the General Theory of Relativity but yet these theories did not challenge the use of momentum and energy but rather gave them new relativistic interpretation. Later on, Quantum Mechanics used Energy and Momentum operators and even Dirac’s orthogonal matrices are multiplied by such operators. Quantum Field Theory assumes the existence of particles which are very intuitive and agree with the human visual system. Particles may be merely a human interpretation of events that occur in the human sensory world. This paper elaborates on one specific interpretation of Sam Vaknin’s idea that the author has developed from 2003 up to August 2018. It is a major improvement of previously published papers and it summarizes all of them and includes all the appendices along with new ideas. A key idea in this paper is, that while a preferable coordinate of time violates the principle of general relativity, a scalar field does not, because it does not point to any preferable direction in space time, moreover, such a scalar field need not be unique.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[195] viXra:1910.0219 [pdf] replaced on 2019-10-15 00:13:36

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 is the Cause of Alzheimer’s Disease

Authors: Ilija Barukčić
Comments: 35 Pages.

Objective: The possible involvement of viruses, specifically Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type has been investigated by numerous publications. Over 120 publications are providing direct or indirect evidence of a potential relationship between Herpes simplex virus type 1 and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) but a causal relation is still not established yet. Methods: A systematic review and re-analysis of studies which investigated the relationship between HSV-1 and AD by HSV-1 immunoglobulin G (IgG) serology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods was conducted. The method of the conditio sine qua non relationship (SINE) was used to proof the hypothesis: without HSV-1 infection of human brain no AD. The method of the conditio per quam relationship (IMP) was used to proof the hypothesis: if HSV-1 infection of human brain then AD. The mathematical formula of the causal relationship k was used to proof the hypotheses is, whether there is a cause-effect relationship between HSV-1 and AD. Significance was indicated by a p-value of less than 0.05. Results: The studies analyzed were able to provide strict evidence that HSV-1 is a necessary condition (a conditio sine qua non), a sufficient condition and a necessary and sufficient condition of AD. Furthermore, the cause-effect relationship between HSV-1 and AD was highly significant. Conclusions: The data analyzed provide sufficient evidence to conclude that HSV-1 is the cause of AD. Keywords: Herpes simplex virus type 1, Alzheimer’s disease, causal relationship.
Category: Statistics

[194] viXra:1910.0218 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-13 10:07:33

Purify Methane from Biogas

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 43 Pages.

UNSW researchers are using 'wonder material' graphene to generate sustainable energy in municipal wastewater treatment plants. [31] Singapore scientists from NanoBio Lab (NBL) of A*STAR have developed a novel approach to prepare next-generation lithium-sulfur cathodes, which simplifies the typically time-consuming and complicated process for producing them. [30] Nanomaterials could provide the basis of many emerging technologies, including extremely tiny, flexible, and transparent electronics. [29] From the intricate patterns of pollen grains to the logarithmic spirals of nautilus shells, biology is full of complex patterns, shapes, and geometries. [28] The lifespan of a liquid droplet which is transforming into vapour can now be predicted thanks to a theory developed at the University of Warwick. [27] Researchers at PoreLab work mostly with porous materials like concrete, and in their world, this sort of thing can happen. [26] A UCF physicist has discovered a new material that has the potential to become a building block in the new era of quantum materials, those that are composed of microscopically condensed matter and expected to change our development of technology. [25] Researchers at the University of Geneva (UNIGE), Switzerland, in partnership with CNRS, France, have discovered a new material in which an element, ytterbium, can store and protect the fragile quantum information even while operating at high frequencies. [24] Scientists at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Canada have created the most dense, solid-state memory in history that could soon exceed the capabilities of current hard drives by 1,000 times. [23] The team showed that the single-atom magnets can endure relatively high temperatures and strong external magnetic fields. The work could lead to the development of extremely high-density data storage devices. [22] One of these are single-atom magnets: storage devices consisting of individual atoms stuck ("adsorbed") on a surface, each atom able to store a single bit of data that can be written and read using quantum mechanics. [21]
Category: Condensed Matter

[193] viXra:1910.0217 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-13 11:33:07

Quantum Energetics. Theory of Superunification. Contents

Authors: Vladimir Leonov
Comments: 23 Pages

Quantum energetics is based on new fundamental discoveries of quantum of space-time (quanton) and super-strong electromagnetic interaction (SEI) made by Vladimir Leonov in 1996. On the basis of new fundamental discoveries the theory of Superunification of fundamental interactions of electromagnetism, gravitation, nuclear and electro-weak forces is completed. It is important that new fundamental discoveries have the widest practical application in the development of quantum energetics. It is discovered that the single source of energy in the Universe is the quanton in the structure of quantized space-time, which is the carrier of super-strong interaction (SEI). All known methods of energy generation (chemical and nuclear reactions etc.) are reduced to the release and transformation of SEI energy. Quantum energetics is a more general concept in energetics, which includes both the new energetic cycles, and traditional ones, including nuclear energetics. Chapters: 1. Fundamental discoveries of the quantum of space-time (quanton) and superstrong electromagnetic interaction. 2. Electromagnetic nature and structure of cosmic vacuum. 3. Unification of electromagnetism and gravitation Antigravitation. 4. The quantized structure of the electron and the positron. The neutrino. 5. Quantized structure of nucleons. The nature of nuclear forces. 6. Two-rotor structure of the photon. Photon gyroscopic effect. 7. Nature of non-radiation and radiation of the orbital electron. 8. Thermal photons. Molecule recoil in photon emission. 9. Gravitational waves. Wave equations. 10. Superstrong electromagnetic interaction and prospects for the development of quantum energetics in the 21st century.
Category: Quantum Physics

[192] viXra:1910.0216 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-13 03:34:11

Doesn't Crack Makes Stronger

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 35 Pages.

Researchers at PoreLab work mostly with porous materials like concrete, and in their world, this sort of thing can happen. [26] A UCF physicist has discovered a new material that has the potential to become a building block in the new era of quantum materials, those that are composed of microscopically condensed matter and expected to change our development of technology. [25] Researchers at the University of Geneva (UNIGE), Switzerland, in partnership with CNRS, France, have discovered a new material in which an element, ytterbium, can store and protect the fragile quantum information even while operating at high frequencies. [24] Scientists at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Canada have created the most dense, solid-state memory in history that could soon exceed the capabilities of current hard drives by 1,000 times. [23] The team showed that the single-atom magnets can endure relatively high temperatures and strong external magnetic fields. The work could lead to the development of extremely high-density data storage devices. [22] One of these are single-atom magnets: storage devices consisting of individual atoms stuck ("adsorbed") on a surface, each atom able to store a single bit of data that can be written and read using quantum mechanics. [21] Physicists have experimentally demonstrated 18-qubit entanglement, which is the largest entangled state achieved so far with individual control of each qubit. [20] University of Adelaide-led research has moved the world one step closer to reliable, high-performance quantum computing. [19] A team of researchers with members from IBM Research-Zurich and RWTH Aachen University has announced the development of a new PCM (phase change memory) design that offers miniaturized memory cell volume down to three nanometers. [18] Monatomic glassy antimony might be used as a new type of single-element phase change memory. [17] Physicists have designed a 3-D quantum memory that addresses the tradeoff between achieving long storage times and fast readout times, while at the same time maintaining a compact form. [16]
Category: Condensed Matter

[191] viXra:1910.0215 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-13 03:56:58

Iron in Soils Immobilize Arsenic

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 52 Pages.

Sandia National Laboratories researchers have discovered the mechanism to "switch on" iron residing in clay mineral structures, leading to the understanding of how to make iron reactive under oxygen-free conditions. [31] One such process has now been elucidated by a team led by Prof. Matthias Kling and Dr. Boris Bergues at the Laboratory for Attosecond Physics (LAP), which is jointly run by Ludwig-Maximilians Universität (LMU) and the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics (MPQ). [30] Photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) is a non-invasive hybrid imaging technique that excites biological tissues with light and detects the subsequently generated ultrasound to form images. [29]
Category: Physics of Biology

[190] viXra:1910.0214 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-13 04:18:05

The Universe: Boiling ‘bouillon’ of Quantons

Authors: Vladimir Leonov
Comments: 45 Pages, 21 Figures.

This article was published in the Leonov's book: Quantum Energetics. Volume 1. Theory of Superunification. Cambridge International Science Publishing, 2010, pp. 9-55. The theory of Superunification is based on my discovery in 1996 of a quantum of space-time (quanton) and superstrong electromagnetic interaction (SEI) – the fifth fundamental force (Superforce). SEI is a global electromagnetic field that permeates our universe. This field consists of quantons and represents a quantized space-time. In the region of the ultra microworld of quantons, we can observe their microscopic vibrations and rotation that resemble a boiling “bouillon” of quantons. Quanton consists of four integers quarks: two magnetic and two electric. Quarks have no mass. This article shows that the Superforce (fifth force) unites all known fundamental forces from a single position: gravitation, electromagnetism, nuclear and electroweak forces. The theory of Superunification is new quantum physics; it unites the general theory of relativity (GR) and quantum theory. Our universe is not flat, but it is curved according to Einstein. This fact explains the accelerated motion of galaxies from the center of the universe to its periphery by the forces of the global antigravity.
Category: Quantum Physics

[189] viXra:1910.0213 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-13 04:28:10

Black Holes of Dwarf Galaxies

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 33 Pages.

Astronomers at the University of California, Riverside, have discovered that powerful winds driven by supermassive black holes in the centers of dwarf galaxies have a significant impact on the evolution of these galaxies by suppressing star formation. [23] In short, the concept of a black hole gravity machine presents humanity with a plausible path to becoming an interstellar species. In the meantime, the study of the concept will provide SETI researchers with another possible technosignature to look for. [22] Physicists have used a seven-qubit quantum computer to simulate the scrambling of information inside a black hole, heralding a future in which entangled quantum bits might be used to probe the mysterious interiors of these bizarre objects. [21] Rotating black holes and computers that use quantum-mechanical phenomena to process information are topics that have fascinated science lovers for decades, but even the most innovative thinkers rarely put them together. [20]
Category: Astrophysics

[188] viXra:1910.0212 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-13 04:44:04

Evaporating Liquid Drop

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 36 Pages.

The lifespan of a liquid droplet which is transforming into vapour can now be predicted thanks to a theory developed at the University of Warwick. [27] Researchers at PoreLab work mostly with porous materials like concrete, and in their world, this sort of thing can happen. [26] A UCF physicist has discovered a new material that has the potential to become a building block in the new era of quantum materials, those that are composed of microscopically condensed matter and expected to change our development of technology. [25]
Category: Condensed Matter

[187] viXra:1910.0211 [pdf] replaced on 2020-04-06 23:32:13

Immobility Theory

Authors: Ninh Khac Son
Comments: 69 Pages.

The content of the manuscript represents a bold idea system, it is beyond the boundaries of all existing knowledge but the method of reasoning and logic is also very strict and scientific. The purpose of the manuscript is to unify the natural categories (natural philosophy, natural geometry, quantum mechanics, astronomy,…), and to open a new direction for most other sciences. Abstract of the manuscript: About Philosophy: • Proved the existence of time and non-dilation. • Proved that matter is always motionless in space. • Conclusion that space is energy. • … About Mathematics: • Solved the squaring the circle problem(a millennium problem). • Using the equation to calculate speed of light is 471.000.000 m/s • … About Physics : • Explained the nature of gravity. • Explained dark energy, spin value of Nucleon. • Explained matter and antimatter. • … Key words: Foundations of Philosophy; Foundations of Physics; Foundations of Geometry.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[186] viXra:1910.0210 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-13 05:04:02

Polymer's Unique Spindle Structure

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 38 Pages.

From the intricate patterns of pollen grains to the logarithmic spirals of nautilus shells, biology is full of complex patterns, shapes, and geometries. [28] The lifespan of a liquid droplet which is transforming into vapour can now be predicted thanks to a theory developed at the University of Warwick. [27] Researchers at PoreLab work mostly with porous materials like concrete, and in their world, this sort of thing can happen. [26] A UCF physicist has discovered a new material that has the potential to become a building block in the new era of quantum materials, those that are composed of microscopically condensed matter and expected to change our development of technology. [25] Researchers at the University of Geneva (UNIGE), Switzerland, in partnership with CNRS, France, have discovered a new material in which an element, ytterbium, can store and protect the fragile quantum information even while operating at high frequencies. [24] Scientists at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Canada have created the most dense, solid-state memory in history that could soon exceed the capabilities of current hard drives by 1,000 times. [23] The team showed that the single-atom magnets can endure relatively high temperatures and strong external magnetic fields. The work could lead to the development of extremely high-density data storage devices. [22] One of these are single-atom magnets: storage devices consisting of individual atoms stuck ("adsorbed") on a surface, each atom able to store a single bit of data that can be written and read using quantum mechanics. [21] Physicists have experimentally demonstrated 18-qubit entanglement, which is the largest entangled state achieved so far with individual control of each qubit. [20] University of Adelaide-led research has moved the world one step closer to reliable, high-performance quantum computing. [19] A team of researchers with members from IBM Research-Zurich and RWTH Aachen University has announced the development of a new PCM (phase change memory) design that offers miniaturized memory cell volume down to three nanometers. [18]
Category: Condensed Matter

[185] viXra:1910.0209 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-13 05:26:00

Cosmic Energy System

Authors: Solomon Budnik
Comments: 10 Pages. Redefing black hole concept

The problem of proper quantum theory of the gravitational field, and thus understanding what is quantum spacetime, is still open and is discussed here. So, we introduce here the term of CES to replace the erroneous term of “black hole”, since there can’t be a hole per se in the fabric of matter that exists in gaseous, liquid and solid states in spacetime continuum. Accordingly, we attempt here to merge the loop quantum gravity (LQG) with quantum mechanics and general relativity, for per Einstein, gravity is not a force – it is a property of spacetime itself. Hence, our CES loop quantum spring model (ill. 1) fits said property of spacetime and is based on our previously published unified theory and model where we apply the string theory to loop quantum gravity by showing that a CES (formerly termed a “black hole”) is created by gravitational coupling of two linear superstrings in specified boundaries of open strings which are segments with endpoints, and closed strings which form closed loops.
Category: Astrophysics

[184] viXra:1910.0208 [pdf] replaced on 2019-10-15 01:48:42

Unified Principles of Nature Draft (Preview) of the Constitution of the United Nations of Science and Declaration of Unified Animal and Human Rights

Authors: Theoryofall.org
Comments: 6 Pages.

Stephen Hawking famously said: „If we do discover a complete theory, it should in time be understandable in broad principle by everyone, not just a few scientists. Then we shall all, philosophers, scientists, and just ordinary people, be able to take part in the discussion of the question of why it is that we and the universe exist. If we find the answer to that, it would be the ultimate triumph of human reason — for then we would know the mind of God.“ We the people agree to science and have to draw a line: If we do discover a complete theory, it should in time be understandable in broad principle by everyone, not just a few leaders. Then we shall all, adam and eve, men and women, child and adult, black and white, believer and unbeliever, rich and poor, chinese and american, norwegian and south-african, muslim and christ, western world and islamic state, governments and citizens, nations and companies, heterosexual and homosexual, weak and strong, be able to take part in the discussion of the question of why it is that we fail to live as a healthy community on earth. If we continue to search for the mind of a God, our ecosystem, this planet and this entire living universe we live “with” in entanglement and community and “wholeness” will die. Credits to : Theory of Thougth (Platon);Theory of Emotion (Aristotle); Theory of Gravitation (Newton), Theory of Special Relativity (Einstein), Theory of Radical Constructivism (Glasersfeld), Theory of Justice (Rawls)
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[183] viXra:1910.0207 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-13 07:06:18

Borophene and Graphene Structures

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 40 Pages.

Nanomaterials could provide the basis of many emerging technologies, including extremely tiny, flexible, and transparent electronics. [29] From the intricate patterns of pollen grains to the logarithmic spirals of nautilus shells, biology is full of complex patterns, shapes, and geometries. [28] The lifespan of a liquid droplet which is transforming into vapour can now be predicted thanks to a theory developed at the University of Warwick. [27] Researchers at PoreLab work mostly with porous materials like concrete, and in their world, this sort of thing can happen. [26] A UCF physicist has discovered a new material that has the potential to become a building block in the new era of quantum materials, those that are composed of microscopically condensed matter and expected to change our development of technology. [25] Researchers at the University of Geneva (UNIGE), Switzerland, in partnership with CNRS, France, have discovered a new material in which an element, ytterbium, can store and protect the fragile quantum information even while operating at high frequencies. [24] Scientists at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Canada have created the most dense, solid-state memory in history that could soon exceed the capabilities of current hard drives by 1,000 times. [23] The team showed that the single-atom magnets can endure relatively high temperatures and strong external magnetic fields. The work could lead to the development of extremely high-density data storage devices. [22] One of these are single-atom magnets: storage devices consisting of individual atoms stuck ("adsorbed") on a surface, each atom able to store a single bit of data that can be written and read using quantum mechanics. [21] Physicists have experimentally demonstrated 18-qubit entanglement, which is the largest entangled state achieved so far with individual control of each qubit. [20] University of Adelaide-led research has moved the world one step closer to reliable, high-performance quantum computing. [19]
Category: Condensed Matter

[182] viXra:1910.0206 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-13 07:36:28

Transparent Graphene Wearables Monitor

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 57 Pages.

The new technology can successfully measure heart rate and oxygen saturation. It also has the potential to measure blood pressure and cardiac output, whilst maintaining its flexible and transparent form. [37] Electrical engineers at Duke University have devised a fully print-in-place technique for electronics that is gentle enough to work on delicate surfaces including paper and human skin. [36] Called the Quantum Material Press, or QPress, this system will accelerate the discovery of next-generation materials for the emerging field of quantum information science (QIS). [35]
Category: Physics of Biology

[181] viXra:1910.0205 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-13 08:54:52

The Upper Limit of the Mass and Energy of the Relativistic Particles

Authors: Vladimir Leonov
Comments: 3 Pages

It is shown that a relativistic particle has an upper limit of the mass and energy when it is accelerated to the speed of light. Now we can calculate the limiting parameters of the relativistic particles by the use of the normalized relativistic factor in Einstein's relativistic equations. For example, the maximum mass of the relativistic proton is a limited number. The state of the relativistic particle is described by a mass balance and an energy balance. The energy balance includes the maximum energy of a relativistic particle and her real energy and her hidden energy.
Category: Quantum Physics

[180] viXra:1910.0204 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-13 08:59:59

Hydrologic Simulation Models

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 42 Pages.

Hydrologic models that simulate and predict water flow are used to estimate how natural systems respond to different scenarios such as changes in climate, land use, and soil management. [30] Nanomaterials could provide the basis of many emerging technologies, including extremely tiny, flexible, and transparent electronics. [29] From the intricate patterns of pollen grains to the logarithmic spirals of nautilus shells, biology is full of complex patterns, shapes, and geometries. [28] The lifespan of a liquid droplet which is transforming into vapour can now be predicted thanks to a theory developed at the University of Warwick. [27] Researchers at PoreLab work mostly with porous materials like concrete, and in their world, this sort of thing can happen. [26] A UCF physicist has discovered a new material that has the potential to become a building block in the new era of quantum materials, those that are composed of microscopically condensed matter and expected to change our development of technology. [25] Researchers at the University of Geneva (UNIGE), Switzerland, in partnership with CNRS, France, have discovered a new material in which an element, ytterbium, can store and protect the fragile quantum information even while operating at high frequencies. [24] Scientists at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Canada have created the most dense, solid-state memory in history that could soon exceed the capabilities of current hard drives by 1,000 times. [23] The team showed that the single-atom magnets can endure relatively high temperatures and strong external magnetic fields. The work could lead to the development of extremely high-density data storage devices. [22] One of these are single-atom magnets: storage devices consisting of individual atoms stuck ("adsorbed") on a surface, each atom able to store a single bit of data that can be written and read using quantum mechanics. [21] Physicists have experimentally demonstrated 18-qubit entanglement, which is the largest entangled state achieved so far with individual control of each qubit. [20]
Category: Condensed Matter

[179] viXra:1910.0202 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-13 09:54:27

Simplify Lithium-Sulfur Battery

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 41 Pages.

Singapore scientists from NanoBio Lab (NBL) of A*STAR have developed a novel approach to prepare next-generation lithium-sulfur cathodes, which simplifies the typically time-consuming and complicated process for producing them. [30] Nanomaterials could provide the basis of many emerging technologies, including extremely tiny, flexible, and transparent electronics. [29] From the intricate patterns of pollen grains to the logarithmic spirals of nautilus shells, biology is full of complex patterns, shapes, and geometries. [28] The lifespan of a liquid droplet which is transforming into vapour can now be predicted thanks to a theory developed at the University of Warwick. [27] Researchers at PoreLab work mostly with porous materials like concrete, and in their world, this sort of thing can happen. [26] A UCF physicist has discovered a new material that has the potential to become a building block in the new era of quantum materials, those that are composed of microscopically condensed matter and expected to change our development of technology. [25] Researchers at the University of Geneva (UNIGE), Switzerland, in partnership with CNRS, France, have discovered a new material in which an element, ytterbium, can store and protect the fragile quantum information even while operating at high frequencies. [24] Scientists at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Canada have created the most dense, solid-state memory in history that could soon exceed the capabilities of current hard drives by 1,000 times. [23] The team showed that the single-atom magnets can endure relatively high temperatures and strong external magnetic fields. The work could lead to the development of extremely high-density data storage devices. [22] One of these are single-atom magnets: storage devices consisting of individual atoms stuck ("adsorbed") on a surface, each atom able to store a single bit of data that can be written and read using quantum mechanics. [21] Physicists have experimentally demonstrated 18-qubit entanglement, which is the largest entangled state achieved so far with individual control of each qubit. [20]
Category: Condensed Matter

[178] viXra:1910.0201 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-12 14:31:09

Further Mathematical Connections Between Some Equations of Dirichlet L-Functions, Some Equations of D-Branes and the Rogers-Ramanujan Continued Fractions. III

Authors: Michele Nardelli, Antonio Nardelli
Comments: 113 Pages.

In this research thesis, we have described some new mathematical connections between some equations of Dirichlet L-functions, some equations of D-Branes and Rogers-Ramanujan continued fractions.
Category: Number Theory

[177] viXra:1910.0200 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-12 16:31:16

(QPH Ver.1.0 13.10.2019 4 a4 Pages) a Quantitative Philosophy of Happiness (QPH) Based on Some Proposed Happiness Scores, a Quantitative Version of Pascal's Wager and a Model of Collective Approach of Divinity in the Christian Definition

Authors: Andrei Lucian Dragoi
Comments: 4 Pages. Motto: "[God:] Universe is nothing but a big copying machine, reproducing your thoughts [pure information] in physical form [energy/matter], that will be your experience [in classical linear time]” (Neale Donald Walsch in his „Conversations with God"

This paper proposes a quantitative philosophy of happiness (QPH) based on some proposed happiness scores based on the “system of dreams” (SD) (concept) of each human person (HP) in part (based on a personal hierarchy of material and/or spiritual “dreams”/wishes), a quantitative version of Pascal’s wager (PW) and a model of collective approach of Divinity in the Christian definition.
Category: Religion and Spiritualism

[176] viXra:1910.0199 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-12 19:49:04

Earth Moon moves with 2 Rates Of Time (I)

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 7 Pages.

What does mean 2 rates of time? 1 Day On The Sun = 1 Year On Earth In this equation there are 2 rates of time How to create them? By relativistic effects –in the solar group I have claimed that there's a physical point moves by a velocity =0.9999 C – where c= light known velocity =0.3 mkm/sec Based on this light velocity length contraction with rate 71 can be created but if the moon orbital inclination 5.1 degrees effect on the result will be 71 x 5.1 = 365.25 days (also Length contraction effect may contract 71 mkm to be seen as 1 mkm) But if Time And Distance Equivalence (Proves) (my previous paper) That means 1 Day On The Sun = 1 Year On Earth Example 10921 km (Moon Circumference) x 86400 seconds (Solar Day Period) = 940 mkm (Earth orbital circumference) (Moon = Earth Moon) What does this equation tell us? The equation tells that If Earth revolves around the sun one complete revolution in one solar day only – so the moon circumference will equal a distance passed by Earth Motion during 1 second period. So this equation refers to the possibility of existence more than one rate of time in the solar system – where T1= 1day and T2 = 365.265 days
Category: Astrophysics

[175] viXra:1910.0198 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-12 20:54:21

The Area and Volume of a J=Q=0 Black Hole

Authors: Archibald Ulrich Thor
Comments: 5 Pages.

The present note adresses a paper by DiNunno & Matzner, in which the authors claim that 1) the volume of a J=Q=0 black hole as measured in "Schwarzschild coordinates" vanishes and 2) the volume itself is coordinate-dependent. We refute these statements as elementary conceptual mistakes, which originate from a basic misunderstanding of general covariance in the context of the gauge theory of General Relativity.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[174] viXra:1910.0197 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-12 21:56:48

[ OCaml-LLVM/Polly-Owl-Satallax(Theorem Prover in OCaml) - CoqTP/OCaml - Q*cert/OCaml/Eigen ] in the Context of IoT/HPC-High Performance Computing - Heterogeneous Environments to [ Design+Test+Implement DNA based Theoretical Gene Therapy Informatics ] R&D

Authors: Nirmal Tej Kumar
Comments: 4 Pages. Short Communication & Technical Notes

[ OCaml-LLVM/Polly-Owl-Satallax(Theorem Prover in OCaml) - CoqTP/OCaml - Q*cert/OCaml/Eigen ] in the Context of IoT/HPC-High Performance Computing - Heterogeneous Environments to[Design+Test+Implement DNA based Theoretical Gene Therapy Informatics ] R&D Framework – A Simple Suggestion & Novel Approach.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[173] viXra:1910.0195 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-12 02:06:50

Nanoparticles Quantum Information

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 39 Pages.

With this control, researchers can integrate topology information into the photons, which can then be used as messengers for carrying quantum information. [24] Two teams of scientists from the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology have collaborated to conduct groundbreaking research leading to the development of a new and innovative scientific field: Quantum Metamaterials. [23] An international team consisting of Russian and German scientists has made a breakthrough in the creation of seemingly impossible materials. They have created the world's first quantum metamaterial that can be used as a control element in superconducting electrical circuits. [22] ETH physicists have developed a silicon wafer that behaves like a topological insulator when stimulated using ultrasound. They have thereby succeeded in turning an abstract theoretical concept into a macroscopic product. [21] Cheng Chin, professor in the Department of Physics, and his team looked at an experimental setup of tens of thousands of atoms cooled down to near absolute zero. As the system crossed a quantum phase transition, they measured its behavior with an extremely sensitive imaging system. [20] Scientists from three UK universities are to test one of the fundamental laws of physics as part of a major Europe-wide project awarded more than £3m in funding. ]19] A team of researchers has devised a simple way to tune a hallmark quantum effect in graphene-the material formed from a single layer of carbon atoms-by bathing it in light. [18] Researchers from the University of Cambridge have taken a peek into the secretive domain of quantum mechanics. [17] Scientists at the University of Geneva (UNIGE), Switzerland, recently reengineered their data processing, demonstrating that 16 million atoms were entangled in a one-centimetre crystal. [15] The fact that it is possible to retrieve this lost information reveals new insight into the fundamental nature of quantum measurements, mainly by supporting the idea that quantum measurements contain both quantum and classical components. [14]
Category: Quantum Physics

[172] viXra:1910.0194 [pdf] replaced on 2019-10-15 14:08:33

“Fermi Bubbles Explained by the Intentions of the M 2–9 (Butterfly Wings – Planetary Nebulae) and Spin–orbital Interaction and Interaction of Milky Way Galaxy and M31 Galaxy Andromedae.“

Authors: Imrich Krištof
Comments: 8 Pages.

Fermi Bubbles or Galactic Bubbles are streams of High–Energy particles – electron, photon (gamma burst radioactivity), high energy neutrinos and gravitational and radio–waves below and above galactic Equator of Milky Way and probably in the Galaxy M31 Andromedae. This Galactic Bubble’s born like the evaporation of Central Massive Black Hole, which also caused rotation of Galaxy Milky Way and Galaxy Andromedae M31. This fact is connected with so called Fermi Surfaces and Fermi’s edge, also with accretion of a disc (cannibal galaxies), galactic core, galactic halo. The Bubbles are sources of ultraradio, gamma, electron and neutrino particle waves from the North and South Galactic Lobes (25 000 ly) of Fermi’s Bubbles. Spatial conformations of bubbles are like spin–orbital (particle electron clouds) interaction between electrons and core of atom, according The Periodical System (Table) of chemical elements (Mendelejev). The results of measurements of these events will be in the future have fundamental significance for knowledge of function of our and foreign galaxies, black holes, and stars and whole our Cosmos, which is built on 400 – 600 mld of these galaxies.
Category: Astrophysics

[171] viXra:1910.0193 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-12 03:09:29

Unlocking the Hall Effect Secret

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 54 Pages.

IBM Research's study in Nature unlocks one of the Hall effect's long-held secret. [34] Researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have replicated one of the most well-known electromagnetic effects in physics, the Hall Effect, using radio waves (photons) instead of electric current (electrons). [33] A team of researchers from Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology has found that they could use an optical tweezer array of laser-cooled molecules to observe ground state collisions between individual molecules. [32] "With optical tweezers, you can capture a single particle in its native state in solution and watch its structural evolution," said Linda Young, Argonne distinguished fellow. [31] The optical tweezer is revealing new capabilities while helping scientists understand quantum mechanics, the theory that explains nature in terms of subatomic particles. [30] In the perspective, Gabor and Song collect early examples in electron metamaterials and distil emerging design strategies for electronic control from them. [29] Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) researchers are working to make better electronic devices by delving into the way nanocrystals are arranged inside of them. [28] Self-assembly and crystallisation of nanoparticles (NPs) is generally a complex process, based on the evaporation or precipitation of NP-building blocks. [27] New nanoparticle-based films that are more than 80 times thinner than a human hair may help to fill this need by providing materials that can holographically archive more than 1000 times more data than a DVD in a 10-by-10-centimeter piece of film. [26] Researches of scientists from South Ural State University are implemented within this area. [25] Following three years of extensive research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HU) physicist Dr. Uriel Levy and his team have created technology that will enable computers and all optic communication devices to run 100 times faster through terahertz microchips. [24] When the energy efficiency of electronics poses a challenge, magnetic materials may have a solution. [23]
Category: Condensed Matter

[170] viXra:1910.0192 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-12 03:38:00

Nuclear Separation Degrees

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 35 Pages.

Argonne scientists look to 3-D printing to ease separation anxiety, which paves the way to recycle more nuclear material. [26] Recently, scientists suggested switching from electron to nuclear transitions that may considerably increase the precision of clocks due to higher frequency. [25] Now, physicists are working toward getting their first CT scans of the inner workings of the nucleus. [24] The process of the sticking together of quarks, called hadronisation, is still poorly understood. [23] In experimental campaigns using the OMEGA EP laser at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics (LLE) at the University of Rochester, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), University of California San Diego (UCSD) and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) researchers took radiographs of the shock front, similar to the X-ray radiology in hospitals with protons instead of X-rays. [22]
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[169] viXra:1910.0191 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-12 03:54:59

Artificial Intelligence Determine Exoplanets Sizes

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 40 Pages.

Using a machine learning technique, a team of Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço researchers constrained the radius of an exoplanet with known mass. [24] The research group took advantage of a system at SLAC's Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) that combines machine learning-a form of artificial intelligence where computer algorithms glean knowledge from enormous amounts of data-with experiments that quickly make and screen hundreds of sample materials at a time. [23] Researchers at the UCLA Samueli School of Engineering have demonstrated that deep learning, a powerful form of artificial intelligence, can discern and enhance microscopic details in photos taken by smartphones. [22] Such are the big questions behind one of the new projects underway at the MIT-IBM Watson AI Laboratory, a collaboration for research on the frontiers of artificial intelligence. [21]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[168] viXra:1910.0190 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-12 04:10:53

DNA Fighting Back Virus

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 38 Pages.

A virus that infects koalas is steadily integrating itself into their DNA, ensuring that it is passed down from generation to generation. But the koala genome is defending itself, revealing that DNA has its own immune system to shut down invaders. [22] Scientists reveal how a 'molecular machine' in bacterial cells prevents fatal DNA twisting, which could be crucial in the development of new antibiotic treatments. [21] In new research, Hao Yan of Arizona State University and his colleagues describe an innovative DNA walker, capable of rapidly traversing a prepared track. [20] Just like any long polymer chain, DNA tends to form knots. Using technology that allows them to stretch DNA molecules and image the behavior of these knots, MIT researchers have discovered, for the first time, the factors that determine whether a knot moves along the strand or "jams" in place. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18] An LMU team now reveals the inner workings of a molecular motor made of proteins which packs and unpacks DNA. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15] Scientists from Moscow State University (MSU) working with an international team of researchers have identified the structure of one of the key regions of telomerase-a so-called "cellular immortality" ribonucleoprotein. [14] Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University used a light-sensitive iridium-palladium catalyst to make "sequential" polymers, using visible light to change how building blocks are combined into polymer chains. [13] Researchers have fused living and non-living cells for the first time in a way that allows them to work together, paving the way for new applications. [12]
Category: Physics of Biology

[167] viXra:1910.0188 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-12 05:09:14

Superpower

Authors: P. Davies
Comments: 272 Pages. in Russian

Science has always sought to build a holistic picture of the world. In recent decades, physicists have come closer than ever to realizing this dream: the prospects of combining the four fundamental interactions of nature within a single superpower loom, and the physics of the microcosm is increasingly merging with cosmology-the theory of the origin and evolution of the Universe. About all this in a popular and fascinating form tells the book of the famous English scientist and popularizer of science Paul Davis. It is addressed to all those who are interested in the problems of modern fundamental science, especially useful to teachers and students of both physical and philosophical faculties of universities. Until now, the book has not lost its relevance for those interested in the state of modern physics.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[166] viXra:1910.0187 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-12 06:00:20

Chiral Asymmetry of D. Hofstadter’s Typogenetics

Authors: Perry W Swanborough
Comments: 12 Pages.

Typographical genetics (“Typogenetics”) introduced by Douglas Hofstadter in 1979 is an abstract recursive logic system which has been studied subsequently for insights into self-reproduction. There are immediately-observable asymmetries in the early formulations of Typogenetics, but after design of a triplet-codon Typogenetics to eliminate these, fundamental irreducible asymmetry remains. It is noted that both Typogenetics and self-reproduction of cellular automaton loop structures share the property of chiral asymmetry.
Category: Physics of Biology

[165] viXra:1910.0186 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-12 06:06:35

Opencell: a Hypothetical Cure for a Genetic Disease, or Cancer, Using a Simulation Like Openworm

Authors: Domenico Oricchio
Comments: 1 Page.

A simulation of a cure on a complete mathematical model of a human cell may be possible, to accelerate pharmacological research
Category: Physics of Biology

[164] viXra:1910.0185 [pdf] replaced on 2019-10-15 07:04:59

A Moduli Space in Riemannian Geometry

Authors: Antoine Balan
Comments: 2 pages, written in french

In the realm of the riemannian geometry, a moduli space is defined.
Category: Geometry

[163] viXra:1910.0184 [pdf] replaced on 2020-03-11 14:45:46

Analysis of Five Galaxies with Flat Rotation Curves

Authors: Gene H Barbee
Comments: 19 Pages. Please contact Gene at genebarbee@msn.com

Flat galaxy rotation curves are unexpected observations. Differences between expectations and observations allow us to learn. Most cosmologists today attribute the difference between observed flat and calculated declining Newtonian velocity curves to dark matter despite decades of failed efforts to identify it. This paper examines data for five galaxies. Physics for flat galaxy velocity curves is proposed that preserves Newtonian gravitation and explains the flat velocity profiles. The proposal shows that there are two components to the redshift (gamma) measured to determine velocity. One component is the normal kinetic energy gained as a particle falls toward a galaxy. The kinetic energy component obeys Newtonian velocity that decreases with distance from the center of the galaxy. But potential energy increases with distance from the center and the two energy components add to a constant value. We measure this constant energy associated with constant velocity across the galaxy toward the edge. The kinetic energy component is a vector but the potential energy component is a scalar. Both components change gamma and allow us to measure the velocity from time0; i.e. t2/t1*t1/t0=t2/t0. Our observations are based on gamma that does not distinguish the two gammas involved. The calculation procedure is straightforward and matches data for five galaxy data sets examined. Dark matter is not required in this approach.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[162] viXra:1910.0183 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-11 13:24:41

Magnetic Field Evolves to Gravity Field\\ Part:4 Atomic Structure

Authors: John Hodge
Comments: 7 Pages.

The Scalar Theory of Everything (STOE) suggests gravity emerges from magnetic effects of hods in matter structures. The suggested structure of electrons formed from disc magnets is expanded to describe atomic structure. The model improvement is the STOE atomic structure is more closely related to observations of Maxwell's Equations, of interference phenomena including those that reject wave models, and of cosmology through common basic components of the universe. The formation of atomic structure by magnetic rather than electric forces suggests all matter is composed of magnetic structures.
Category: Classical Physics

[161] viXra:1910.0182 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-11 22:27:52

On Prime Numbers Ⅸ~Special Edition~

Authors: Yuji Masuda
Comments: 1 Page.

I was suprised.
Category: Number Theory

[160] viXra:1910.0181 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-11 01:31:23

Material Power Quantum Computer

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 82 Pages.

"We've found that a certain superconducting material contains special properties that could be the building blocks for technology of the future," says Yufan Li, a postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Physics & Astronomy at The Johns Hopkins University and the paper's first author. [50] Researchers have successfully used sound waves to control quantum information in a single electron, a significant step towards efficient, robust quantum computers made from semiconductors. [49] Searching for new substances and developing new techniques in the chemical industry: tasks that are often accelerated using computer simulations of molecules or reactions. [48]
Category: Quantum Physics

[159] viXra:1910.0180 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-11 02:45:25

Factorization of the Numbers of the Form N + N ^ 2

Authors: Pedro Hugo García Peláez
Comments: 4 Pages.

Factorization of the numbers of the form n + n ^ 2 it can be done with a certain algorithm.
Category: Number Theory

[158] viXra:1910.0179 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-11 02:53:16

Factorización de Los Números Naturales de la Forma N+n^2

Authors: Pedro Hugo García Peláez
Comments: 4 Pages.

Los números de la forma n+n^2 se pueden factorizar con un cierto algoritmo.
Category: Number Theory

[157] viXra:1910.0178 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-11 03:14:15

Biomimetic Energy Transport

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 61 Pages.

Scientists from the University of Groningen (the Netherlands) and the University of Würzburg (Germany) have investigated a simple biomimetic light-harvesting system using advanced spectroscopy combined with a microfluidic platform. [42] Gallium nitride, a semiconductor that revolutionized energy-efficient LED lighting, could also transform electronics and wireless communication, thanks to a discovery made by Cornell researchers. [41] The signals from a lighthouse to ships at sea is an early example of optical communication, the use of light to transmit information. [40]
Category: Physics of Biology

[156] viXra:1910.0177 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-11 04:12:36

Explore Unknown Energy Regions

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 87 Pages.

State University physicists are using photon-proton collisions to capture particles in an unexplored energy region, yielding new insights into the matter that binds parts of the nucleus together. [48] Scientists from the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Cracow have found further confirmation of this assumption, this time, in the high energy collision of protons with protons or lead nuclei. [47] Ten years ago, just about any nuclear physicist could tell you the approximate size of the proton. But that changed in 2010, when atomic physicists unveiled a new method that promised a more precise measurement. [46] "Spin has surprises. Everybody thought it's simple … and it turns out it's much more complicated," Aschenauer says. [45] Approximately one year ago, a spectacular dive into Saturn ended NASA's Cassini mission-and with it a unique, 13-year research expedition to the Saturnian system. [44] Scientists from the Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, and their colleagues from the international ALICE collaboration recently collided xenon nuclei, in order to gain new insights into the properties of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (the QGP)-the matter that the universe consisted of up to a microsecond after the Big Bang. [43] The energy transfer processes that occur in this collisionless space plasma are believed to be based on wave-particle interactions such as particle acceleration by plasma waves and spontaneous wave generation, which enable energy and momentum transfer. [42] Plasma particle accelerators more powerful than existing machines could help probe some of the outstanding mysteries of our universe, as well as make leaps forward in cancer treatment and security scanning-all in a package that's around a thousandth of the size of current accelerators. [41]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[155] viXra:1910.0176 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-11 04:36:03

Nanotubes Control Laser Pulses

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 68 Pages.

An international team of scientists led by researchers from the Laboratory of Nanomaterials at the Skoltech Center for Photonics and Quantum Materials (CPQM) has shown that the nonlinear optical response of carbon nanotubes can be controlled by electrochemical gating. [45] The ever-more-humble carbon nanotube may be just the device to make solar panels—and anything else that loses energy through heat—far more efficient. [44] When traversing a solid material such as glass, a light wave can deposit part of its energy in a mechanical wave, leading to a color change of the light. [43]
Category: Condensed Matter

[154] viXra:1910.0175 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-11 04:51:41

Nanostructures Reduce Adhesion of Bacteria

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 68 Pages.

Now a team of researchers has discovered that precise analysis of the topographical composition of nanostructured surfaces provides a direct means of deriving the adhesive forces that bind bacteria to a surface. [38] The group of NanoBiotechnology at IMDEA Nanociencia, led by Prof. Álvaro Somoza, has used gold nanoclusters coated with albumin to facilitate the attachment of two active molecules for the treatment of breast cancer. [37] Microtubules are protein polymers that assemble into dynamic structures, essential for cell division, shape, motility, and transport of intracellular cargos. [36]
Category: Physics of Biology

[153] viXra:1910.0174 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-11 04:56:18

Aladdin’s City Agrabah as Endtimes Babylon & Jerusalem Aka Atlantis

Authors: Leon Elshout
Comments: 1 Page.

Agrabah is to my opinion mirrored into time and space and is the dual city of endtimes Babylon and Jerusalem. As Atlantis was. - by leon elshout, almelo, NL, - roodgoudvanparvaim.nl (aurichalcum2018 at protonmail.com)
Category: Religion and Spiritualism

[152] viXra:1910.0173 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-11 06:38:15

Compiler Quantum Computing

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 92 Pages.

A new paper from researchers at the University of Chicago introduces a technique for compiling highly optimized quantum instructions that can be executed on near-term hardware. [56] Scientists from the University of Bath, working with a colleague at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, have devised an ingenious method of controlling the vapour by coating the interior of containers with nanoscopic gold particles 300,000 times smaller than a pinhead. [55] Significant technical and financial issues remain towards building a large, fault-tolerant quantum computer and one is unlikely to be built within the coming decade. [54] Chemists at Friedrich Schiller University in Jena (Germany) have now synthesised a molecule that can perform the function of a computing unit in a quantum computer. [53] The research team developed the first optical microchip to generate, manipulate and detect a particular state of light called squeezed vacuum, which is essential for HYPERLINK "https://phys.org/tags/quantum/" quantum computation. [52] Australian scientists have investigated new directions to scale up qubits-utilising the spin-orbit coupling of atom qubits-adding a new suite of tools to the armory. [51] A team of international researchers led by engineers from the National University of Singapore (NUS) have invented a new magnetic device to manipulate digital information 20 times more efficiently and with 10 times more stability than commercial spintronic digital memories. [50] Working in the lab of Mikhail Lukin, the George Vasmer Leverett Professor of Physics and co-director of the Quantum Science and Engineering Initiative, Evans is lead author of a study, described in the journal Science, that demonstrates a method for engineering an interaction between two qubits using photons. [49] Researchers with the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory have demonstrated a new level of control over photons encoded with quantum information. [48] Researchers from Intel Corp. and the University of California, Berkeley, are looking beyond current transistor technology and preparing the way for a new type of memory and logic circuit that could someday be in every computer on the planet. [47]
Category: Digital Signal Processing

[151] viXra:1910.0172 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-11 07:37:00

Photochemistry of the Atmosphere

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 49 Pages.

One such process has now been elucidated by a team led by Prof. Matthias Kling and Dr. Boris Bergues at the Laboratory for Attosecond Physics (LAP), which is jointly run by Ludwig-Maximilians Universität (LMU) and the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics (MPQ). [30] Photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) is a non-invasive hybrid imaging technique that excites biological tissues with light and detects the subsequently generated ultrasound to form images. [29] ETH researchers have integrated two CRISPR-Cas9-based core processors into human cells. This represents a huge step towards creating powerful biocomputers. [28]
Category: Astrophysics

[150] viXra:1910.0171 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-11 08:32:10

Controlling Superconducting Regions

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 30 Pages.

Researchers at EPFL have created a metallic microdevice in which they can define and tune patterns of superconductivity. [20] Scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy's Ames Laboratory have developed a method to accurately measure the "exact edge" or onset at which a magnetic field enters a superconducting material. [19] TU Wien has now made a major advance towards achieving this goal and, at the same time, has furthered an understanding of why conventional materials only become superconducting at around-200°C [18] The emerging field of spintronics leverages electron spin and magnetization. [17] The first known superconductor in which spin-3/2 quasiparticles form Cooper pairs has been created by physicists in the US and New Zealand. [16] Now a team of researchers from the University of Maryland (UMD) Department of Physics together with collaborators has seen exotic superconductivity that relies on highly unusual electron interactions. [15] A group of researchers from institutions in Korea and the United States has determined how to employ a type of electron microscopy to cause regions within an iron-based superconductor to flip between superconducting and non-superconducting states. [14] In new research, scientists at the University of Minnesota used a first-of-its-kind device to demonstrate a way to control the direction of the photocurrent without deploying an electric voltage. [13] Brown University researchers have demonstrated for the first time a method of substantially changing the spatial coherence of light. [12] Researchers at the University of Central Florida have generated what is being deemed the fastest light pulse ever developed. [11] Physicists at Chalmers University of Technology and Free University of Brussels have now found a method to significantly enhance optical force. [10] Nature Communications today published research by a team comprising Scottish and South African researchers, demonstrating entanglement swapping and teleportation of orbital angular momentum 'patterns' of light. [9] While physicists are continually looking for ways to unify the theory of relativity, which describes large-scale phenomena, with quantum theory, which describes small-scale phenomena, computer scientists are searching for technologies to build the quantum computer using Quantum Information. In August 2013, the achievement of "fully deterministic" quantum teleportation, using a hybrid technique, was reported. On 29 May 2014, scientists announced a reliable way of transferring data by quantum teleportation. Quantum teleportation of data had been done before but with highly unreliable methods. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the Relativistic Quantum Theory and making possible to build the Quantum Computer with the help of Quantum Information.
Category: Quantum Physics

[149] viXra:1910.0170 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-11 08:52:17

The Einstein Posthumous Phrase

Authors: Vladimir Leonov
Comments: 12 Pages, 2 Figures.

‘However, at the moment nobody knows how to find the basis of this theory’ is the final phase in the final scientific study of the greatest physicist of the 20th century Albert Einstein published at the year of his death (he died April 18, 1955). The article ‘Relativistic theory of the asymmetric field’ is barely cited by the physicist because in it Einstein practically rejected all the scientific knowledge to which he devoted his life and proposes to start everything anew.
Category: History and Philosophy of Physics

[148] viXra:1910.0169 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-11 08:56:00

Radiation Detector Boosts Quantum Work

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 82 Pages.

Researchers from Aalto University and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland have built a super-sensitive bolometer, a type of thermal radiation detector. [50] Researchers have successfully used sound waves to control quantum information in a single electron, a significant step towards efficient, robust quantum computers made from semiconductors. [49] Searching for new substances and developing new techniques in the chemical industry: tasks that are often accelerated using computer simulations of molecules or reactions. [48] Quantum networks can be practically implemented to interface with different quantum systems. In order to photonically link hybrid systems with combined unique properties of each constituent system, scientists must integrate sources with the same photon emission wavelength. [47]
Category: Quantum Physics

[147] viXra:1910.0168 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-11 09:15:13

Cognitive Decline After Stroke

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 72 Pages.

With a single MRI brain scan and an automated tissue segmentation tool, researchers from the UK can predict cognitive problems in individuals with stroke-related small vessel disease in the brain. [47] A new piece of a difficult puzzle-the nature of memory-fell into place this week with a hint at how brain cells change structure when they learn something. [46] Researchers at the University of Alberta have found an important protein in the cells of a deadly infectious parasite, opening the door to less harmful treatment for millions of people suffering from diseases like sleeping sickness in Africa and Chagas disease in South America. [45] The remarkable ability of a small Australian sea snail to produce a colourful purple compound to protect its eggs is proving even more remarkable for its potential in a new anti-cancer pharmaceutical. [44] Gene editing technology is a technology that eliminates the underlying causes of and treats diseases by removing specific genesor editing genes to restore their normal function. In particular, CRISPR gene editing technology is now commonly used for immunotherapy by correcting the genes of immune cells to induce them to attack cancer cells selectively. [43]
Category: Mind Science

[146] viXra:1910.0165 [pdf] replaced on 2019-10-12 16:29:46

Tutorial: Continuous-Function on Closed Interval Basics, with Mean-Value and Taylor Theorem Upshots

Authors: Steven Kenneth Kauffmann
Comments: 4 Pages.

This tutorial explores the relation of the local concept of a function's continuity to its global consequences on closed intervals, such as a continuous function's unavoidable boundedness on a closed interval, its attainment of its least upper and greatest lower bounds on that interval, and its unavoidable assumption on that closed interval of all of the values which lie between that minimum and maximum. In a nutshell, continuous functions map closed intervals into closed intervals. It is understandable that verifying this local-to-global fact involves subtle and very intricate manipulation of the least-upper-bound/greatest-lower-bound postulate for the real numbers. In conjunction with the basic inequality properties of integrals, this continuous-function fact immediately implies the integral form of the mean-value theorem, which is parlayed into its differential form by the fundamental theorem of the calculus. Taylor expansion and its error estimation are further developments which are intertwined with these fascinating concepts.
Category: General Mathematics

[145] viXra:1910.0163 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-10 01:52:58

[ Julia+flux-ML Library+polly-LLVM+QRNG Services/quantum Devices+qrng Library ] in the Context of Understanding [ Machine Learning-Ml/internet of Things-Iot/hpc High Performance Computing ] Based Advanced Medical Imaging Software R&D

Authors: Nirmal Tej Kumar
Comments: 3 Pages. Short Communication & Technical Notes

[ Julia+Flux-ML Library+Polly-LLVM+QRNG Services/Quantum Devices+qrng library ] in the Context of Understanding [ Machine Learning-ML/Internet of Things-IoT/HPC -High Performance Computing ] based Advanced Medical Imaging Software R&D – A Simple & Useful Suggestion.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[144] viXra:1910.0162 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-10 04:00:03

Nanoscale Manipulation of Light

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 52 Pages.

Scientists in the Theoretical Nanophotonics Group at The University of New Mexico's Department of Physics and Astronomy have made an exciting new advancement to this end, in a pioneering research effort titled "Analysis of the Limits of the Near-Field Produced by Nanoparticle Arrays," published recently in the journal, ACS Nano, a top journal in the field of nanotechnology. [32] The precision of measuring nanoscopic structures could be substantially improved, thanks to research involving the University of Warwick and QuantIC researchers at the University of Glasgow and Heriot Watt University into optical sensing. [31] Researchers at AMOLF and the University of Texas have circumvented this problem with a vibrating glass ring that interacts with light. They thus created a microscale circulator that directionally routes light on an optical chip without using magnets. [30] Researchers have discovered three distinct variants of magnetic domain walls in the helimagnet iron germanium (FeGe). [29]
Category: Condensed Matter

[143] viXra:1910.0161 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-10 04:20:42

The Structure and Properties of Elementary Particles

Authors: S. Reucroft, E. G.H.Williams
Comments: 19 Pages.

We have developed simple models of the elementary particles based on the assumption that the particle interior is influenced by just two force fields, gravity and electrostatics. The fundamental particles are electrons, positrons, neutrinos and photons. All the other elementary particles are composed of these fundamental entities. A semi-classical approach is used to obtain simple expressions that give properties all in good agreement with experimental results. This approach is able to make several predictions. For example: All the elementary particles are composed of the particles they decay into. All particles are made of matter. There is no antimatter. The muon is not point-like. It is a composite particle with internal structure. Neutrinos have a small quantity of mass and charge. The neutron also has a small charge determined by the charge of its neutrino. A particle's lifetime is determined by its size relative to its Schwarzschild radius. Single protons should be produced in electron-positron collisions below the two-proton energy threshold.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[142] viXra:1910.0160 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-10 04:24:56

Nanoparticles Impact on Environment

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 62 Pages.

This discovery at the chemistry-biology interface is a first step toward developing new sustainable materials and practices, as well as providing the groundwork for possible remediation approaches." [38] Researchers at University of Utah Health developed a proof-of-concept technology using nanoparticles that could offer a new approach for oral medications. [37] Using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), extremely high resolution imaging of the molecule-covered surface structures of silver nanoparticles is possible, even down to the recognition of individual parts of the molecules protecting the surface. [36] A fiber optic sensing system developed by researchers in China and Canada can peer inside supercapacitors and batteries to observe their state of charge. [35] The idea of using a sound wave in optical fibers initially came from the team's partner researchers at Bar-Ilan University in Israel. Joint research projects should follow. [34] Researchers at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology have constructed a first-of-its-kind optic isolator based on resonance of light waves on a rapidly rotating glass sphere. [33] The micro-resonator is a two-mirror trap for the light, with the mirrors facing each other within several hundred nanometers. [32] "The realization of such all-optical single-photon devices will be a large step towards deterministic multi-mode entanglement generation as well as high-fidelity photonic quantum gates that are crucial for all-optical quantum information processing," says Tanji-Suzuki. [31] Researchers at ETH have now used attosecond laser pulses to measure the time evolution of this effect in molecules. [30] A new benchmark quantum chemical calculation of C2, Si2, and their hydrides reveals a qualitative difference in the topologies of core electron orbitals of organic molecules and their silicon analogues. [29]
Category: Physics of Biology

[141] viXra:1910.0159 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-10 04:41:42

Carbon Nanotube Network

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 61 Pages.

The results provide opportunities to improve the conductivity of similar hybrid nanomaterials. The article was published in "ACS Nano" in September 2019. [39] Scientists at Texas Heart Institute (THI) and Rice University have used biocompatible fibres made of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as electrical bridges to restore conductivity to damaged hearts. [38] A team of researchers from China, the U.S. and Japan has developed a way to strengthen graphene-based membranes intended for use in desalination projects-by fortifying them with nanotubes. [37] The team arrived at their results by imaging gold nanoparticles, with diameters ranging from 2 to 5 nanometres, via aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscope. [36] Nanoparticles of less than 100 nanometres in size are used to engineer new materials and nanotechnologies across a variety of sectors. [35] For years, researchers have been trying to find ways to grow an optimal nanowire, using crystals with perfectly aligned layers all along the wire. [34] Ferroelectric materials have a spontaneous dipole moment which can point up or down. [33] Researchers have successfully demonstrated that hypothetical particles that were proposed by Franz Preisach in 1935 actually exist. [32] Scientists from the Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have demonstrated a surprisingly simple way of flipping a material from one state into another, and then back again, with single flashes of laser light. [31] Materials scientists at Duke University computationally predicted the electrical and optical properties of semiconductors made from extended organic molecules sandwiched by inorganic structures. [30] KU Leuven researchers from the Roeffaers Lab and the Hofkens Group have now put forward a very promising direct X-ray detector design, based on a rapidly emerging halide perovskite semiconductor, with chemical formula Cs2AgBiBr6. [29]
Category: Condensed Matter

[140] viXra:1910.0158 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-10 04:57:59

Modified Quantum Dots

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 37 Pages.

Los Alamos National Laboratory scientists have synthesized magnetically-doped quantum dots that capture the kinetic energy of electrons created by ultraviolet light before it's wasted as heat. [28] A team of researchers including U of A engineering and physics faculty has developed a new method of detecting single photons, or light particles, using quantum dots. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25]
Category: Quantum Physics

[139] viXra:1910.0157 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-10 07:42:33

On the Possible Mathematical Connections Between Some Equations of Certain Dirichlet Series, Some Equations of D-Branes and Ramanujan Formula that Link π, e and the Golden Ratio. II

Authors: Michele Nardelli, Antonio Nardelli
Comments: 308 Pages.

In this research thesis, we have described some new mathematical connections between some equations of certain Dirichlet series, some equations of D-Branes and Rogers-Ramanujan formulas that link π, e and ϕ.
Category: Number Theory

[138] viXra:1910.0156 [pdf] replaced on 2019-10-23 19:02:58

Conjectures About Modulated Maxwell Signals And, Or, Ranada Solutions

Authors: Giuliano Bettini
Comments: 22 Pages.

I present some methods to generate electromagnetic fields wich, in my opinion, have a good chance to represent linked and knotted fields and, maybe, the electron.
Category: Quantum Physics

[137] viXra:1910.0155 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-10 10:37:38

Distance Record in Spin Qubits

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 39 Pages.

Researchers at the University of Rochester and Purdue University have demonstrated the ability to manipulate the interactions between electron spin qubits in the form of spin swapping between electron pairs. [29] Los Alamos National Laboratory scientists have synthesized magnetically-doped quantum dots that capture the kinetic energy of electrons created by ultraviolet light before it's wasted as heat. [28] A team of researchers including U of A engineering and physics faculty has developed a new method of detecting single photons, or light particles, using quantum dots. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24] In a joint research project, scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI), the Technische Universität Berlin (TU) and the University of Rostock have managed for the first time to image free nanoparticles in a laboratory experiment using a highintensity laser source. [23] For the first time, researchers have built a nanolaser that uses only a single molecular layer, placed on a thin silicon beam, which operates at room temperature. [22] A team of engineers at Caltech has discovered how to use computer-chip manufacturing technologies to create the kind of reflective materials that make safety vests, running shoes, and road signs appear shiny in the dark. [21] In the September 23th issue of the Physical Review Letters, Prof. Julien Laurat and his team at Pierre and Marie Curie University in Paris (Laboratoire Kastler Brossel-LKB) report that they have realized an efficient mirror consisting of only 2000 atoms. [20] Physicists at MIT have now cooled a gas of potassium atoms to several nanokelvins-just a hair above absolute zero-and trapped the atoms within a two-dimensional sheet of an optical lattice created by crisscrossing lasers. Using a high-resolution microscope, the researchers took images of the cooled atoms residing in the lattice. [19]
Category: Quantum Physics

[136] viXra:1910.0154 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-10 11:03:15

Materials in the Quantum Realm

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 73 Pages.

As reported in Nature Physics, a Berkeley Lab-led team of physicists and materials scientists was the first to unambiguously observe and document the unique optical phenomena that occur in certain types of synthetic materials called moire; superlattices. [46] Physicists at the University of Basel have now shown for the first time the combination with a third layer can result in new material properties also in a three-layer sandwich of carbon and boron nitride. [45] Graphene-based computer components that can deal in terahertz “could be used, not in a normal Macintosh or PC, but perhaps in very advanced computers with high processing rates,” Ozaki says. This 2-D material could also be used to make extremely high-speed nanodevices, he adds. [44]
Category: Condensed Matter

[135] viXra:1910.0153 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-10 11:10:21

Physical Cosmology (in Russian)

Authors: P.J.E. Peebles
Comments: 312 Pages. in Russian

The proposed book is devoted to modern ideas about the physical processes occurring in the Universe, from the early stages of cosmological expansion to the modern era. High scientific level is combined with simplicity and accessibility of presentation . The author avoids cumbersome mathematical calculations, focusing on the physics of the problem. The book summarizes the research on cosmology, carried out recently around the world including in the USSR. The great achievements of observational and theoretical cosmology in recent times have a General recognition value. An extremely wide range of readers will find in the proposed book answers to questions that concern mankind since time immemorial. The book is a valuable tool for physicists and astronomers, both students and professionals, especially beginners in science.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[134] viXra:1910.0152 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-10 11:27:11

Single Photons from Trapped Ion

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 78 Pages.

Quantum networks can be practically implemented to interface with different quantum systems. In order to photonically link hybrid systems with combined unique properties of each constituent system, scientists must integrate sources with the same photon emission wavelength. [47] As reported in Nature Physics, a Berkeley Lab-led team of physicists and materials scientists was the first to unambiguously observe and document the unique optical phenomena that occur in certain types of synthetic materials called moire; superlattices. [46] Physicists at the University of Basel have now shown for the first time the combination with a third layer can result in new material properties also in a three-layer sandwich of carbon and boron nitride. [45]
Category: Quantum Physics

[133] viXra:1910.0151 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-10 12:27:12

Simulation of Quantum Chemistry

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 79 Pages.

Searching for new substances and developing new techniques in the chemical industry: tasks that are often accelerated using computer simulations of molecules or reactions. [48] Quantum networks can be practically implemented to interface with different quantum systems. In order to photonically link hybrid systems with combined unique properties of each constituent system, scientists must integrate sources with the same photon emission wavelength. [47] As reported in Nature Physics, a Berkeley Lab-led team of physicists and materials scientists was the first to unambiguously observe and document the unique optical phenomena that occur in certain types of synthetic materials called moire; superlattices. [46]
Category: Quantum Physics

[132] viXra:1910.0150 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-10 12:44:20

Quantum Electrons on Sound Waves

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 81 Pages.

Researchers have successfully used sound waves to control quantum information in a single electron, a significant step towards efficient, robust quantum computers made from semiconductors. [49] Searching for new substances and developing new techniques in the chemical industry: tasks that are often accelerated using computer simulations of molecules or reactions. [48] Quantum networks can be practically implemented to interface with different quantum systems. In order to photonically link hybrid systems with combined unique properties of each constituent system, scientists must integrate sources with the same photon emission wavelength. [47] As reported in Nature Physics, a Berkeley Lab-led team of physicists and materials scientists was the first to unambiguously observe and document the unique optical phenomena that occur in certain types of synthetic materials called moire; superlattices. [46] Physicists at the University of Basel have now shown for the first time the combination with a third layer can result in new material properties also in a three-layer sandwich of carbon and boron nitride. [45] Graphene-based computer components that can deal in terahertz "could be used, not in a normal Macintosh or PC, but perhaps in very advanced computers with high processing rates," Ozaki says. This 2-D material could also be used to make extremely high-speed nanodevices, he adds. [44] Printed electronics use standard printing techniques to manufacture electronic devices on different substrates like glass, plastic films, and paper. [43] A tiny laser comprising an array of nanoscale semiconductor cylinders (see image) has been made by an all-A*STAR team. [42] A new instrument lets researchers use multiple laser beams and a microscope to trap and move cells and then analyze them in real-time with a sensitive analysis technique known as Raman spectroscopy. [41]
Category: Quantum Physics

[131] viXra:1910.0149 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-10 13:02:57

Einstein Did not Understand Special Theory of Relativity. How to Accelerate Electrons to the Speed of Light

Authors: Adrian Ferent
Comments: 439 Pages. © 2014 Adrian Ferent

Einstein did not understand Special Theory of Relativity. How to accelerate electrons to the speed of light “Einstein, your professors did not understand STR because the photon has the rest mass m0 = 0, and all the particles have m0 > 0, this means the maximum speed for these particles v < c and their m and E will not be infinite” Adrian Ferent “In Einstein equations and theories are singularities, infinite mass and energy, gravitational singularity, because Einstein did not understand Special relativity and Gravitation” Adrian Ferent “The electron is composed of a photon and a Dark Matter electron” Adrian Ferent “In particle accelerators they accelerate the electric charge, the photon inside the electron with m0 > 0, this means all the time the speed of the electron v < c” Adrian Ferent “What the scientists, the Nobel Laureates, your professors… do not understand? When the electron is accelerated gains kinetic energy and when the electron – positron collide the kinetic energy is transferred to the photons and Dark Matter electrons” Adrian Ferent “To accelerate the electron to the speed of light must be acted upon Dark Matter electron” Adrian Ferent ”In Ferent Quantum Gravity Dark Photons and Gravitons are faster than light” Adrian Ferent “To accelerate the electron to the speed of light must be acted upon Dark Matter electron with Dark Photons or Gravitons” Adrian Ferent “The electron at the speed of light it will be broken down into high energy photon and Dark Matter electron” Adrian Ferent “Near the Black Holes gravitons accelerate electrons to the speed of light and they break them in high energy photons and Dark Matter electrons” Adrian Ferent The relativistic mass in STR, m is: the rest mass m0 You learned from Einstein, your professors that when v = c, m and E goes to infinity and that’s not physically possible. In particle accelerators scientists try to accelerate electrons to the speed of light. Because the scientists do not understand what the electron is, they do not understand what they doing there. “The electron is a photon around Dark Matter” Adrian Ferent “The Dark Matter electron is the Dark Matter inside the electron” Adrian Ferent “Between the Ferent time t = 1.294 × 10^(-86) s and the Planck time t = 5.391 × 10^(-44) s were created the Dark Matter electrons” Adrian Ferent “When the photons were created, the photons with the energy 0.5 MeV and the Dark Matter electrons created the electrons” Adrian Ferent “Einstein, your professors did not understand STR because the photon has the rest mass m0 = 0, and all the particles have m0 > 0, this means the maximum speed for these particles v < c and their m and E will not be infinite” Adrian Ferent “In Einstein equations and theories are singularities, infinite mass and energy, gravitational singularity, because Einstein did not understand Special relativity and Gravitation” Adrian Ferent “Einstein bent the space, Ferent unbent the space” Adrian Ferent “The electron is composed of a photon and a Dark Matter electron” Adrian Ferent “I calculated the charge created by the photon with f = 10^20 Hz inside the electron Q = 1.6 × 10^(-19) C, the electron charge” Adrian Ferent “In particle accelerators they accelerate the electric charge, the photon inside the electron with m0 > 0, this means all the time the speed of the electron v < c” Adrian Ferent In 2019 the Nobel Prizes were awarded to scientists who do not understand Dark Matter, to scientists who discovered batteries, to scientists who discovered how cells sense oxygen, nothing at Planck level or beyond! “What the scientists, the Nobel Laureates, your professors… do not understand? When the electron is accelerated gains kinetic energy and when the electron – positron collide the kinetic energy is transferred to the photons and Dark Matter electrons” Adrian Ferent They started Stealing from Ferent Quantum Gravity: How Dark Matter was created before the Planck wall, How Stars and Planets were formed around Dark Matter… https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.061302 https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.141301 How to accelerate electrons to the speed of light? Because in Ferent Quantum Gravity the electron is composed of a photon and a Dark Matter electron, acting on a photon how I explained it is not possible in particle accelerators. “To accelerate the electron to the speed of light must be acted upon Dark Matter electron” Adrian Ferent ”In Ferent Quantum Gravity Dark Photons and Gravitons are faster than light” Adrian Ferent “To accelerate the electron to the speed of light must be acted upon Dark Matter electron with Dark Photons or Gravitons” Adrian Ferent “Ferent equation for N elementary particles:” Adrian Ferent What will happen with the electron at the speed of light? Not the infinite mass and energy how you learned from your professors! “The electron at the speed of light it will be broken down into high energy photon and Dark Matter electron” Adrian Ferent In Ferent Quantum Gravity: “Black Holes are Dark Matter” Adrian Ferent “Near the Black Holes gravitons accelerate electrons to the speed of light and they break them in high energy photons and Dark Matter electrons” Adrian Ferent I published this article because today is my Birthday! Remembering my Parents on my Birthday! 257. I am the first who discovered that Einstein, your professors did not understand STR because the photon has the rest mass m0 = 0, and all the particles have m0 > 0, this means the maximum speed for these particles v < c and their m and E will not be infinite 258. I am the first who explained that in Einstein equations and theories are singularities, infinite mass and energy, gravitational singularity, because Einstein did not understand Special relativity and Gravitation 259. I am the first who discovered that the electron is composed of a photon and a Dark Matter electron 260. I am the first who discovered that in particle accelerators they accelerate the electric charge, the photon inside the electron with m0 > 0, this means all the time the speed of the electron v < c 261. I am the first who discovered what the scientists, the Nobel Laureates, your professors… do not understand? When the electron is accelerated gains kinetic energy and when the electron – positron collide the kinetic energy is transferred to the photons and Dark Matter electrons 262. I am the first who discovered that to accelerate the electron to the speed of light must be acted upon Dark Matter electron 263. I am the first who discovered that in Ferent Quantum Gravity Dark Photons and Gravitons are faster than light 264. I am the first who discovered that to accelerate the electron to the speed of light must be acted upon Dark Matter electron with Dark Photons or Gravitons 265. I am the first who discovered that the electron at the speed of light it will be broken down into high energy photon and Dark Matter electron 266. I am the first who discovered that near the Black Holes gravitons accelerate electrons to the speed of light and they break them in high energy photons and Dark Matter electrons
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[130] viXra:1910.0148 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-09 13:37:08

Key Components of Quantum Technologies

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 55 Pages.

Researchers at the University of Münster (Germany) have now developed an interface that couples light sources for single photons with nanophotonic networks. [35] Researchers led by Delft University of Technology personnel have made two steps in the conversion of quantum states between signals in the microwave and optical domains. [34] A scientist involved in expanding quantum communication to a network of users, is continuing his work at the University of Bristol. [33] In recent years, nanofabricated mechanical oscillators have emerged as a promising platform for quantum information applications. [32] Quantum communication, which ensures absolute data security, is one of the most advanced branches of the "second quantum revolution". [31] Researchers at the University of Bristol's Quantum Engineering Technology Labs have demonstrated a new type of silicon chip that can help building and testing quantum computers and could find their way into your mobile phone to secure information. [30] Theoretical physicists propose to use negative interference to control heat flow in quantum devices. [29] Particle physicists are studying ways to harness the power of the quantum realm to further their research. [28] A fundamental barrier to scaling quantum computing machines is "qubit interference." In new research published in Science Advances, engineers and physicists from Rigetti Computing describe a breakthrough that can expand the size of practical quantum processors by reducing interference. [26] The search and manipulation of novel properties emerging from the quantum nature of matter could lead to next-generation electronics and quantum computers. [25]
Category: Quantum Physics

[129] viXra:1910.0146 [pdf] replaced on 2020-05-24 11:11:32

General Vector Algebra for Relativistic Spacetime and Its Application to Electromagnetism

Authors: Lei Wang, Xuetao Gan, Qinyue Tan, Jinghui Xu, Diyi Chen, Shaopeng Jia
Comments: 8 Pages.

Physical laws in spacetime are commonly represented by tensors. However, it is possible to give a vector form to them, where the vectors follow quite simple rules of sum, product and commutation. We present here a self-contained vector algebra for relativistic spacetime, which is a simplification and generalization of geometric (Clifford) and spacetime algebras, and apply it to electromagnetic theory. We emphasize that the vector algebra is convenient to use and flexible enough to accommodate Euclidean geometry and the symmetries of relativistic spacetime, providing an excellent mathematical framework for physics in spacetime.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[128] viXra:1910.0144 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-09 23:13:58

Reduction Energy in Warped Region in Alcubierre Warp Drive

Authors: Gianluca Perniciano
Comments: 7 Pages.

A solution of general relativity is presented that describes an Alcubierre propulsion system in which it is possible to travel at superluminal speed while reducing the energy, by an arbitrary value
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[127] viXra:1910.0143 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-09 07:06:07

Mistakes in Mathematical Formalism of the Stephen Hawking's Doctoral Thesis

Authors: Horacio useche losada
Comments: 3 Pages. The erros of Stephen Hawking in his PhD Thesis

We present to the international scientific community a series of misprint and some mathematical mistake found in Stephen Hawking's doctoral thesis, titled \Properties of Expanding Universe". These errors have been found as a result of my translation work into Spanish of the aforementioned thesis
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[126] viXra:1910.0142 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-09 07:17:22

N-Ésimo Primo. Primer Millón de Números Primos Calculados Con Una Fórmula Para el N-Ésimo Primo

Authors: Horacio useche losada
Comments: 25 Pages. Primer millón de números primos calculados con una fórmula para el n-ésimo primo

Conseguir una fórmula, un procedimiento o algoritmo para computar el n- ésimo primo, ha sido siempre un viejo anhelo de los matemáticos. Sin em- bargo, en la literatura cientı́fica solo se reportan fórmulas basadas en el teo- rema de Wilson, las cuales, carecen de un valor práctico y solo pueden tener un interés estrictamente teórico, ya que no se puede llegar muy lejos al in- tentar su uso en cálculos concretos. Esta investigación retoma un trabajo del profesor Ramón Fandiño,1 el cual, presenta en 1980 una relación funcional a partir de la cual se puede com- putar el n-ésimo primo en función de los n − 1 primos anteriores. Para con- seguir el objetivo, el profesor Fandiño realiza cinco ajustes, tres por mı́nimos cuadrados y dos por técnicas implementadas por él mismo, con lo cual con- sigue calcular los primeros 5000 primos. Siguiendo la lı́nea de investigación del citado profesor, pero haciendo al- gunos cambios importantes en el modelo matemático usado y con un menor número de ajustes, he conseguido computar un millón de números pri- mos, advirtiendo que es posible computar muchos más,2 si se cuenta con las herramientas de hardware adecuadas. En esta ocasión, he usado un PC casero3 , una máquina corriente que logró computar dicha cantidad en tan solo una hora y 21 minutos! Para hacernos una idea del esfuerzo computacional, en su momento el profesor Fandiño utilizó, no un PC, sino un computador de verdad, un IBM 360/44 que era la máquina más poderosa del centro de cómputo de la UN (y posiblemente de Colombia).4 Con un “juguete”de cómputo, me complace presentar esta cifra que se enmarca en una polı́tica denominada “resultados sorprendentes con recursos mediocres”tal y como acontece con otros trabajos de este autor (ver [5], [6], y [7]). Espero muy pronto superar esta cifra usando un hardware más poderoso, naturalmente.
Category: Number Theory

[125] viXra:1910.0141 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-09 09:09:54

A Moduli Space in Spinorial Geometry

Authors: Antoine Balan
Comments: 3 pages, written in french

A moduli space is defined over a spin manifold by mean of the Dirac operator, finite dimensionality and compactness are discussed.
Category: Geometry

[124] viXra:1910.0140 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-09 09:15:16

Remote Sensing and Computer Science

Authors: Alex Charria
Comments: 7 Pages.

The implications of optimal archetypes have been far-reaching and pervasive. In fact, few analysts would disagree with the visualization of neural networks. While such a hypothesis is largely an appropriate objective, it is supported by existing work in the field. Our focus in this paper is not on whether A* search can be made peer-to-peer, pseudorandom, and pseudorandom, but rather on presenting a real-time tool for visualizing RAID [1]
Category: Digital Signal Processing

[123] viXra:1910.0139 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-09 09:26:12

Summation of Infinite Number Series and Calculation of Dimensions in String Theory

Authors: Rishi Raj
Comments: 3 Pages.

The following paper can change the view of string theorists on how they calculate the dimensions in string theory and also provides an important insight into mathematics. I have shown all this in layman terms and hope that this is useful.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[122] viXra:1910.0138 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-09 09:41:18

Electrons Cooling Nanotube Resonators

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 68 Pages.

Carbon nanotube mechanical resonators have shown to be excellent ultra-high sensitive devices for the study of new physical phenomena at the nanoscale level (e.g. spin physics, quantum electron transport, surface science, and light-matter interaction). [45] The ever-more-humble carbon nanotube may be just the device to make solar panels—and anything else that loses energy through heat—far more efficient. [44] When traversing a solid material such as glass, a light wave can deposit part of its energy in a mechanical wave, leading to a color change of the light. [43]
Category: Condensed Matter

[121] viXra:1910.0137 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-09 10:09:21

The Collatz Conjecture. Order and Harmony in the Sequence Numbers

Authors: Miguel Cerdá Bennassar
Comments: 35 Pages.

Abstract: I propose a numerical table that demonstrates visually that the sequences formed with Collatz's algorithm always reach 1.
Category: Number Theory

[120] viXra:1910.0136 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-09 10:18:20

DNA-PAINT Microscopy at Speed

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 31 Pages.

Recent advances in fluorescence microscopy allow researchers to study biological processes below the classical diffraction limit of light. [20] Scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy's Ames Laboratory are now able to see greater details of DNA origami nanostructures, which will lead to a greater understanding and control of their assembly for future applications. [19] Nanocages are highly interesting molecular constructs, from the point of view of both fundamental science and possible applications. [18]
Category: Physics of Biology

[119] viXra:1910.0135 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-09 12:27:43

Hamiltonian Learning Quantum Spin Register

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 45 Pages.

Researchers have developed an efficient way to characterize the effective many-body Hamiltonian of the solid-state spin system associated with a nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centre in diamond. [32] Their goal is to create an observable case of quantum spin ice, a bizarre magnetic state found in a special class of materials that could lead to advances in quantum computing technologies. [31] Now, for the first time ever, researchers from Aalto University, Brazilian Center for Research in Physics (CBPF), Technical University of Braunschweig and Nagoya University have produced the superconductor-like quantum spin liquid predicted by Anderson. [30] Electrons in graphene-an atomically thin, flexible and incredibly strong substance that has captured the imagination of materials scientists and physicists alike-move at the speed of light, and behave like they have no mass. [29] In a series of exciting experiments, Cambridge researchers experienced weightlessness testing graphene's application in space. [28] Scientists from ITMO University have developed effective nanoscale light sources based on halide perovskite. [27] Physicists have developed a technique based on optical microscopy that can be used to create images of atoms on the nanoscale. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25] The world of nanosensors may be physically small, but the demand is large and growing, with little sign of slowing. [24] In a joint research project, scientists from the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI), the Technische Universität Berlin (TU) and the University of Rostock have managed for the first time to image free nanoparticles in a laboratory experiment using a highintensity laser source. [23] For the first time, researchers have built a nanolaser that uses only a single molecular layer, placed on a thin silicon beam, which operates at room temperature. [22]
Category: Quantum Physics

[118] viXra:1910.0134 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-09 12:33:01

Mind+Logic

Authors: Mohamed Ababou
Comments: 04 Pages.

The theory of Numbers have an end is a renaissance and a global scientific revolution. -Mohamed Ababou-
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[117] viXra:1910.0133 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-09 12:38:35

Connecting Quantum Computers

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 53 Pages.

Researchers led by Delft University of Technology personnel have made two steps in the conversion of quantum states between signals in the microwave and optical domains. [34] A scientist involved in expanding quantum communication to a network of users, is continuing his work at the University of Bristol. [33] In recent years, nanofabricated mechanical oscillators have emerged as a promising platform for quantum information applications. [32] Quantum communication, which ensures absolute data security, is one of the most advanced branches of the "second quantum revolution". [31] Researchers at the University of Bristol's Quantum Engineering Technology Labs have demonstrated a new type of silicon chip that can help building and testing quantum computers and could find their way into your mobile phone to secure information. [30] Theoretical physicists propose to use negative interference to control heat flow in quantum devices. [29] Particle physicists are studying ways to harness the power of the quantum realm to further their research. [28] A fundamental barrier to scaling quantum computing machines is "qubit interference." In new research published in Science Advances, engineers and physicists from Rigetti Computing describe a breakthrough that can expand the size of practical quantum processors by reducing interference. [26] The search and manipulation of novel properties emerging from the quantum nature of matter could lead to next-generation electronics and quantum computers. [25] Lab) has found the first evidence that a shaking motion in the structure of an atomically thin (2-D) material possesses a naturally occurring circular rotation. [24]
Category: Quantum Physics

[116] viXra:1910.0132 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-09 12:48:00

Way to Hear Dark Matter

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 40 Pages.

The team found signatures of axion particles composed of Weyl-type electrons (Weyl fermions) in the correlated Weyl semimetal (TaSe4)2I. [26] If they exist, axions, among the candidates for dark matter particles, could interact with the matter comprising the universe, but at a much weaker extent than previously theorized. New, rigorous constraints on the properties of axions have been proposed by an international team of scientists. [25] The intensive, worldwide search for dark matter, the missing mass in the universe, has so far failed to find an abundance of dark, massive stars or scads of strange new weakly interacting particles, but a new candidate is slowly gaining followers and observational support. [24] "We invoke a different theory, the self-interacting dark matter model or SIDM, to show that dark matter self-interactions thermalize the inner halo, which ties ordinary dark matter and dark matter distributions together so that they behave like a collective unit." [23] Technology proposed 30 years ago to search for dark matter is finally seeing the light. [22] They're looking for dark matter-the stuff that theoretically makes up a quarter of our universe. [21] Results from its first run indicate that XENON1T is the most sensitive dark matter detector on Earth. [20] Scientists at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU) in Germany have now come up with a new theory on how dark matter may have been formed shortly after the origin of the universe. [19]
Category: Astrophysics

[115] viXra:1910.0131 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-08 22:37:24

Thoughts Are Faster Than Light

Authors: Toshiro Takami
Comments: 10 Pages.

When I read the probabilities of quantum mechanics and general relativity, I was wondering why physicists do not have the general Japanese philosophy that thoughts are transmitted to the entire universe in an instant. Perhaps it was an idea that I had personally as I traveled across various religions. In quantum mechanics, it is a thought that “at the time of observation, there is an inexact interaction between two substances”.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[114] viXra:1910.0130 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-08 23:36:45

Moon Orbital Motion Analysis (III)

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 20 Pages.

Paper Hypotheses…. -The Moon Is A Light Beam (with known velocity 0.3 mkm) Sent From Uranus Carrying Energy To Earth -The moon orbit is created by 1 second motion of light beam (with supposed velocity 1.16 mkm/sec). -The moon passes through the moon orbit– which causes interaction or coherence between these 2 light beams (1.16mkm/sec – 0.3 mkm/sec) -Based on this interaction the moon who was a light beam will be a planet (Transformation From Light State Into Matter State) -The Moon Energy (As Light Beam) Is Stored. -The Moon seeks to transport its energy to Earth -Through Solar Eclipse Phenomena the moon transports the energy it carries from Uranus to Earth -Energy is transported based on quantized measurements -Solar eclipse cycles and calendars are so important because these periods tell when the energy quantum is ready to be used -Solar Eclipse Job (Conclusion) Solar eclipse phenomena transports the energy from the moon to Earth through the Solar Umbra –
Category: Astrophysics

[113] viXra:1910.0129 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-09 02:07:26

On Prime NumbersⅧ

Authors: Yuji Masuda
Comments: 49 Pages.

This is primes⑧
Category: Number Theory

[112] viXra:1910.0127 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-08 11:21:01

Equations of Motion in the Theory of Relativistic Vector Fields

Authors: Sergey G. Fedosin
Comments: 27 Pages. International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy, Vol. 83, pp. 12-30 (2019). doi: 10.18052/www.scipress.com/ILCPA.83.12

Within the framework of the theory of relativistic vector fields, the covariant expressions are presented for the equations of motion of the matter and the field. These expressions can be written either in terms of the field tensors, that is, the fields’ strengths and solenoidal vectors, or in terms the four-potentials, that is, the fields’ scalar and vector potentials. This state of things is due to the fact that the Lagrange function initially implied the complementarity of description in terms of the strengths and the field potentials. It is shown that the equation for the fields, obtained by taking the covariant derivative in the equation for the metric, has a deeper meaning than the ordinary equation of motion of the matter, found with the help of the principle of least action. In particular, the above-mentioned equation for the fields leads to the generalized Poynting theorem, and after integration over the volume it allows us to introduce for consideration the integral vector as a measure of the energy and the fields’ energy fluxes, associated with a system of particles and fields.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[111] viXra:1910.0126 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-08 12:30:58

The Binding Energy and the Total Energy of a Macroscopic Body in the Relativistic Uniform Model

Authors: Sergey G. Fedosin
Comments: 16 Pages. Middle East Journal of Science, Vol. 5, Issue 1, pp. 46-62 (2019). doi: 10.23884/mejs.2019.5.1.06

The total energy, binding energy, energy of fields, pressure energy and the potential energy of the system consisting of particles and four fields is precisely calculated in the relativistic uniform model. These energies are compared with the kinetic energy of particles. The relations between the coefficients of the acceleration field and the pressure field independent of the system’s properties are found, which can be expressed in terms of each other and in terms of the gravitational constant and the vacuum permittivity. A noticeable difference is shown between the obtained results and the relations for simple systems in classical mechanics, in which the acceleration field and pressure field are not taken into account or the pressure is considered to be a simple scalar quantity. The conclusion is substantiated that as increasingly massive relativistic uniform systems are formed, the average density of these systems decreases as compared to the average density of the particles or bodies making up these systems. In this case the inertial mass of the massive system is less than the total inertial mass of the system’s parts.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[110] viXra:1910.0125 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-08 12:34:21

Минимально необходимая локально-нелокальная модель эволюции элементарных частиц и фундаментальных взаимодействий ранней Вселенной

Authors: Vasiliev V. Sergey
Comments: 23 Pages. In Russian

В статье рассматриваются следствия предложенного ранее Ли Смолиным (Lee Smolin) механизма формирования вероятностей в индетерминированнных квантовых процессах. Результатом экстраполяции этих следствий на области физики высоких энергий и физики ранней Вселенной является предложенная в статье модель эволюции элементарных частиц и фундаментальных взаимодействий ранней Вселенной, в которой наблюдаемый сегодня порядок, описываемый Стандартной моделью физики элементарных частиц, развивается в несколько этапов с участием дополняющих друг друга локальных и нелокальных процессов. Включение в модель нелокальных квантовых эффектов позволило сделать её полнее других предшественников и непротиворечиво решить в её рамках некоторые, не решённые в полностью локальных теориях, проблемы, такие как: проблема барионной асимметрии; проблема иерархии фермионных масс; проблема калибровочной иерархии фундаментальных взаимодействий; вопрос о природе и происхождении частиц тёмной материи; экспериментально наблюдаемые в распадах мезонов отклонения от предсказаний Стандартной модели и др. Модель хорошо согласуется с экспериментальными данными, лежащими в основе Стандартной модели и выходящими за рамки её предсказательной силы, совместима с теорией инфляционного расширения Вселенной и космологической моделью $\Lambda$CDM и включает некоторые элементы теорий симметрии и суперсимметрии и теории струн.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[109] viXra:1910.0124 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-08 13:47:00

Non-Rocket, Non-Reactive Quantum Engine: Idea, Technology, Results, Prospects

Authors: Vladimir Leonov et al.
Comments: 9 Pages, 8 Figures, 2 Tables.

The control tests of the two prototypes of non-jet propulsion of quantum engine KvD-1-2009 (model of 2009) with horizontal thrust and antigravitator KvD-1 with vertical thrust, were conducted on March 3rd, 2018 by a public commission of specialists chaired and initiated by the former Minister of General Machine-Building Industry of the USSR (space branch) Oleg D. Baklanov. KvD-1-2009 developed a specific thrust of more than 100 N/kW, which is more than 100 times more efficient than the liquid rocket engine (LRE).
Category: Quantum Physics

[108] viXra:1910.0122 [pdf] replaced on 2019-11-20 15:06:38

Confusion in the Matrix: Going Beyond the Roc Curve

Authors: Stephen Borstelmann, Saurabh Jha
Comments: 17 Pages. v3: spelling corrections, added Cohen's Kappa, image and formula corrections

Artificial intelligence algorithms are being created both investigationally and commercially. Evaluation of their performance is important for developers, investigators, clinical physicians, and regulatory agencies. No clear consensus exists on what metrics are best for algorithmic evaluation for AI and ML applications in radiology. We review the basics of the confusion matrix, continue to single number summary values such as accuracy, F1 score, and ɸ coefficient, and then discuss Receiver Operator Curves and their derivatives, Precision Recall Curves, and Cost Curves. Recommendations are made for potential future directions and what currently may be best practices in algorithmic evaluation metrics.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[107] viXra:1910.0121 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-08 00:05:22

Moon Orbital Motion Analysis (II)

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 10 Pages.

The Moon orbital Motion Direction is defined based on the following factors: 1-Masses Gravity forces definition for the moon motion direction is correct. But 2-The moon principle motion is done similar to Earth motion – i.e. a motion on straight line inclining with 0.985 degrees per solar day 3-Because Earth motion =2.58 mkm and moon motion becomes 2.41 mkm –this difference in velocities causes the motion in straight line to be seen in parabola So – points 2 & 3 should be taken into consideration before using Masses gravity to define the moon orbital motion direction 4-Venus effect on the moon orbit causes its regression 19 degrees yearly and that effect on the moon orbital motion 5-Saturn and Uranus interaction effects on the moon orbital motion and defined the moon motion main points That means There are 5 factors effect on the moon orbital motion direction
Category: Astrophysics

[106] viXra:1910.0120 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-08 00:06:45

On Prime NumbersⅦ

Authors: Yuji Masuda
Comments: 23 Pages.

This is on primes⑦
Category: Number Theory

[105] viXra:1910.0117 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-08 06:37:37

On the Possible Mathematical Connections Between Some Equations of Certain Dirichlet Series, Some Equations of D-Branes and Rogers-Ramanujan Formulas that Link π, e and the Golden Ratio. I

Authors: Michele Nardelli, Antonio Nardelli
Comments: 153 Pages.

In this research thesis, we have described some new mathematical connections between some equations of certain Dirichlet series, some equations of D-Branes and Rogers-Ramanujan formulas that link π, e and ϕ.
Category: Number Theory

[104] viXra:1910.0116 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-08 06:50:03

Prime Numbers and Its Pattern in Simple Logo

Authors: Suraj Deshmukh
Comments: 7 Pages.

In This paper we will use a simple Logo software to demonstrate a possible pattern in prime numbers. We Will see how primes show a tendency to retrace the path of other primes.
Category: Number Theory

[103] viXra:1910.0114 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-08 07:13:37

Cesium Vapor Search for Dark Matter

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 31 Pages.

With their new technique, the scientists have now accessed a hitherto unexplored frequency range in which, as postulated in relaxion theory, the effects of certain forms of dark matter on the atomic properties of cesium should be relatively easy to spot. [22] Dark matter could be much "lighter," or lower in mass and slighter in energy, than previously thought. [21] Researchers from Russia, Finland, and the U.S. have put a constraint on the theoretical model of dark matter particles by analyzing data from astronomical observations of active galactic nuclei. [20] Just how quickly is the dark matter near Earth zipping around? The speed of dark matter has far-reaching consequences for modern astrophysical research, but this fundamental property has eluded researchers for years. [19] A NASA rocket experiment could use the Doppler effect to look for signs of dark matter in mysterious X-ray emissions from space. [18] CfA astronomers Annalisa Pillepich and Lars Hernquist and their colleagues compared gravitationally distorted Hubble images of the galaxy cluster Abell 2744 and two other clusters with the results of computer simulations of dark matter haloes. [17] In a paper published July 20 in the journal Physical Review Letters, an international team of cosmologists uses data from the intergalactic medium-the vast, largely empty space between galaxies-to narrow down what dark matter could be. [16] But a new hypothesis might have gotten us closer to figuring out its identity, because physicists now suspect that dark matter has been changing forms this whole time-from ghostly particles in the Universe's biggest structures, to a strange, superfluid state at smaller scales. And we might soon have the tools to confirm it. [15] Superfluids may exist inside neutron stars, and some researchers have speculated that space-time itself may be a superfluid. So why shouldn't dark matter have a superfluid phase, too? [14] "The best result on dark matter so far-and we just got started." This is how scientists behind XENON1T, now the most sensitive dark matter experiment worldwide , commented on their first result from a short 30-day run presented today to the scientific community. [13] The gravitational force attracting the matter, causing concentration of the matter in a small space and leaving much space with low matter concentration: dark matter and energy. There is an asymmetry between the mass of the electric charges, for example proton and electron, can understood by the asymmetrical Planck Distribution Law. This temperature dependent energy distribution is asymmetric around the maximum intensity, where the annihilation of matter and antimatter is a high probability event. The asymmetric sides are creating different frequencies of electromagnetic radiations being in the same intensity level and compensating each other. One of these compensating ratios is the electron-proton mass ratio. The lower energy side has no compensating intensity level, it is the dark energy and the corresponding matter is the dark matter. SIMPs would resolve certain discrepancies between simulations of the distribution of dark matter, like this one, and the observed properties of the galaxies. In particle physics and astrophysics, weakly interacting massive particles, or WIMPs, are among the leading hypothetical particle physics candidates for dark matter.
Category: Astrophysics

[102] viXra:1910.0113 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-08 07:32:30

Top-Quark Mass Variation Measure

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 40 Pages.

For the first time, CMS physicists have investigated an effect called the "running" of the top quark mass, a fundamental quantum effect predicted by the Standard Model. [31] As the heaviest known elementary particle, the top quark has a special place in the physics studied at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. [30] This allowed ATLAS to detect and measure an unprecedented number of events involving top-antitop quark pairs, providing ATLAS physicists with a unique opportunity to gain insight into the top quark's properties. [29] The ATLAS collaboration has released its very first result utilising its entire Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Run 2 dataset, collected between 2015 and 2018. [28]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[101] viXra:1910.0112 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-08 07:39:11

Hiding the Cosmological Constant (in Russian)

Authors: S. Carlip
Comments: 14 Pages. in Russian

Perhaps standard effective field theory arguments are right, and vacuum fluctuations really do generate a huge cosmological constant. I show that if one does not assume homogeneity and an arrow of time at the Planck scale, a very large class of general relativistic initial data exhibit expansions, shears, and curvatures that are enormous at small scales, but quickly average to zero macroscopically. Subsequent evolution is more complex, but I argue that quantum fluctuations may preserve these properties. The resulting picture is a version of Wheeler’s “spacetime foam,” in which the cosmological constant produces high curvature at the Planck scale but is nearly invisible at observable scales.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[100] viXra:1910.0111 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-08 08:12:24

Precancerous Detection with Nanodiamonds

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 38 Pages.

Scientists at the National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (MEPhI) have studied the optical properties of detonation nanodiamonds when interacting with various biomacromolecules (biopolymer molecules). [24] The Pt nanoreactor was designed with a controlled core-shell structure and morphology for the visual detection of metabolic biomarkers and direct laser desorption/ionization MS fingerprinting of the native serum. [23]
Category: Physics of Biology

[99] viXra:1910.0110 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-08 08:21:11

Definition of Quantum Entanglement Using Spin-2 Gravitons

Authors: Sylwester Kornowski
Comments: 2 Pages.

Here, applying the Scale-Symmetric Theory (SST), we define quantum entanglement using spin-2 gravitons.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[98] viXra:1910.0109 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-08 09:00:04

Axions in Solid-State Crystal

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 39 Pages.

The team found signatures of axion particles composed of Weyl-type electrons (Weyl fermions) in the correlated Weyl semimetal (TaSe4)2I. [26] If they exist, axions, among the candidates for dark matter particles, could interact with the matter comprising the universe, but at a much weaker extent than previously theorized. New, rigorous constraints on the properties of axions have been proposed by an international team of scientists. [25] The intensive, worldwide search for dark matter, the missing mass in the universe, has so far failed to find an abundance of dark, massive stars or scads of strange new weakly interacting particles, but a new candidate is slowly gaining followers and observational support. [24] "We invoke a different theory, the self-interacting dark matter model or SIDM, to show that dark matter self-interactions thermalize the inner halo, which ties ordinary dark matter and dark matter distributions together so that they behave like a collective unit." [23] Technology proposed 30 years ago to search for dark matter is finally seeing the light. [22] They're looking for dark matter-the stuff that theoretically makes up a quarter of our universe. [21] Results from its first run indicate that XENON1T is the most sensitive dark matter detector on Earth. [20] Scientists at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU) in Germany have now come up with a new theory on how dark matter may have been formed shortly after the origin of the universe. [19] Map of dark matter made from gravitational lensing measurements of 26 million galaxies in the Dark Energy Survey. [18]
Category: Condensed Matter

[97] viXra:1910.0108 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-08 09:17:39

Artificial Intelligence Cytometer in Blood

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 42 Pages.

Detection of rare cells in blood and other bodily fluids has numerous important applications including diagnostics, monitoring disease progression and evaluating immune response. [25] But making those quantum leaps from science fiction to reality required hard work from computer scientists like Yoshua Bengio, Geoffrey Hinton and Yann LeCun. [24] The research group took advantage of a system at SLAC's Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) that combines machine learning—a form of artificial intelligence where computer algorithms glean knowledge from enormous amounts of data—with experiments that quickly make and screen hundreds of sample materials at a time. [23]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[96] viXra:1910.0107 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-08 09:34:58

A Short Communication on Exploring – [ MRI Scans With Sparse Tensors based on Mir-Library/D Language/IoT/HPC Heterogeneous Environments ]

Authors: Nirmal Tej Kumar
Comments: 6 Pages. Short Communication & Technical Notes

An Interesting Suggestion+Review on Using Sparse Tensors as Information Processing Tools in the Context of Probing Mathematical Algorithms for Next Generation Medical Image Processing R&D based on [ D lang/Mir-Library Modules/IoT/HPC/LLVM/LDC ] - High Performance Computing in Heterogeneous [ Linux/Windows/Other OS ]Environments.
Category: Data Structures and Algorithms

[95] viXra:1910.0106 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-07 08:07:42

Single Quantum Vibration

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 59 Pages.

Now scientists at MIT and the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology have for the first time created and observed a single phonon in a common material at room temperature. [35] Scientists have shown how an optical chip can simulate the motion of atoms within molecules at the quantum level, which could lead to better ways of creating chemicals for use as pharmaceuticals. [34] Chinese scientists Xianmin Jin and his colleagues from Shanghai Jiao Tong University have successfully fabricated the largest-scaled quantum chip and demonstrated the first two-dimensional quantum walks of single photons in real spatial space, which may provide a powerful platform to boost analog quantum computing for quantum supremacy. [33] To address this technology gap, a team of engineers from the National University of Singapore (NUS) has developed an innovative microchip, named BATLESS, that can continue to operate even when the battery runs out of energy. [32] Stanford researchers have developed a water-based battery that could provide a cheap way to store wind or solar energy generated when the sun is shining and wind is blowing so it can be fed back into the electric grid and be redistributed when demand is high. [31] Researchers at AMOLF and the University of Texas have circumvented this problem with a vibrating glass ring that interacts with light. They thus created a microscale circulator that directionally routes light on an optical chip without using magnets. [30] Researchers have discovered three distinct variants of magnetic domain walls in the helimagnet iron germanium (FeGe). [29] Magnetic materials that form helical structures-coiled shapes comparable to a spiral staircase or the double helix strands of a DNA molecule-occasionally exhibit exotic behavior that could improve information processing in hard drives and other digital devices. [28] In a new study, researchers have designed "invisible" magnetic sensors-sensors that are magnetically invisible so that they can still detect but do not distort the surrounding magnetic fields. [27]
Category: Quantum Physics

[94] viXra:1910.0105 [pdf] replaced on 2019-10-08 11:41:30

Minimal Set for Powers of 2

Authors: Bassam Abdul-Baki
Comments: 31 Pages.

The minimal set for powers of 2 is currently nondeterministic and can be shown to be more complex than previously proposed.
Category: Number Theory

[93] viXra:1910.0104 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-07 08:35:23

Quantum-Mechanical Twin Paradox

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 61 Pages.

For a recent publication, scientists from Leibniz University Hannover and Ulm University have taken on the twin paradox known from Einstein's special theory of relativity. [36] Now scientists at MIT and the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology have for the first time created and observed a single phonon in a common material at room temperature. [35] Scientists have shown how an optical chip can simulate the motion of atoms within molecules at the quantum level, which could lead to better ways of creating chemicals for use as pharmaceuticals. [34] Chinese scientists Xianmin Jin and his colleagues from Shanghai Jiao Tong University have successfully fabricated the largest-scaled quantum chip and demonstrated the first two-dimensional quantum walks of single photons in real spatial space, which may provide a powerful platform to boost analog quantum computing for quantum supremacy. [33] To address this technology gap, a team of engineers from the National University of Singapore (NUS) has developed an innovative microchip, named BATLESS, that can continue to operate even when the battery runs out of energy. [32] Stanford researchers have developed a water-based battery that could provide a cheap way to store wind or solar energy generated when the sun is shining and wind is blowing so it can be fed back into the electric grid and be redistributed when demand is high. [31] Researchers at AMOLF and the University of Texas have circumvented this problem with a vibrating glass ring that interacts with light. They thus created a microscale circulator that directionally routes light on an optical chip without using magnets. [30] Researchers have discovered three distinct variants of magnetic domain walls in the helimagnet iron germanium (FeGe). [29] Magnetic materials that form helical structures-coiled shapes comparable to a spiral staircase or the double helix strands of a DNA molecule-occasionally exhibit exotic behavior that could improve information processing in hard drives and other digital devices. [28]
Category: Quantum Physics

[92] viXra:1910.0103 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-07 08:49:06

The Yang-Mills Flow for Connections

Authors: Antoine Balan
Comments: 2 pages, written

For a family of connections in a vector fiber bundle over a riemannian manifold, a Yang-Mills flow is defined with help of the riemannian curvature of the connections.
Category: Geometry

[91] viXra:1910.0101 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-07 09:42:55

[ JI Prolog/JikesRVM-Research Virtual Machine/Java-NLP/Java-Genetic Algorithms ] & its Important Uses in the R&D Domains of [ Bio-informatics ] – A Simple Suggestion Once Again in the Context of Complex Systems by Adding Java based AI Dimension.

Authors: Nirmal Tej Kumar
Comments: 4 Pages. Short Communication & Technical Notes

[ JI Prolog/JikesRVM-Research Virtual Machine/Java-NLP/Java-Genetic Algorithms ] & its Important Uses in the R&D Domains of [ Bio-informatics ] – A Simple Suggestion Once Again in the Context of Complex Systems by Adding Java based AI Dimension.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[90] viXra:1910.0100 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-07 10:14:18

Lagrangian Quantum Mechanics for Indistinguishable Fermions: a Self-Consistent Universe.

Authors: Adri´ an Arancibia Gonz´ alez
Comments: 22 Pages.

This work corresponds to a paradigmatic classical mechanic approach to quantum mechanics and, as a consequence, the paradigm of expanding universe is replaced for a universe of contracting particles which allows explaining the cosmological redshift because as the time progresses the hydrogen atoms absorb smaller wavelengths. Quantum particles are defined as linearly independent indistinguishable normalized classical bi-spinor fields with quartic interactions, this matter allows defining positive energy spectra and to evade the problems with infinities associated with quantization procedure. To have a consistent particle interpretation in each inertial system, a large N approach for the number of fermions must be imposed. The following model, based in dynamical mass generation methods, explains the quark confinement and the hadronic mass behavior in a trivial form and allows the oscillation of low massive neutrinos inside of massive matter.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[89] viXra:1910.0099 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-07 10:41:14

More Energy in Proton Collisions

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 85 Pages.

Scientists from the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Cracow have found further confirmation of this assumption, this time, in the high energy collision of protons with protons or lead nuclei. [47] Ten years ago, just about any nuclear physicist could tell you the approximate size of the proton. But that changed in 2010, when atomic physicists unveiled a new method that promised a more precise measurement. [46] “Spin has surprises. Everybody thought it’s simple … and it turns out it’s much more complicated,” Aschenauer says. [45] Approximately one year ago, a spectacular dive into Saturn ended NASA's Cassini mission—and with it a unique, 13-year research expedition to the Saturnian system. [44]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[88] viXra:1910.0098 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-07 11:00:07

Quantum Symmetries

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 63 Pages.

New research from Washington University in St. Louis realizes one of the first parity-time (PT) symmetric quantum systems, allowing scientists to observe how that kind of symmetry-and the act of breaking of it-leads to previously unexplored phenomena. [37] For a recent publication, scientists from Leibniz University Hannover and Ulm University have taken on the twin paradox known from Einstein's special theory of relativity. [36] Now scientists at MIT and the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology have for the first time created and observed a single phonon in a common material at room temperature. [35] Scientists have shown how an optical chip can simulate the motion of atoms within molecules at the quantum level, which could lead to better ways of creating chemicals for use as pharmaceuticals. [34] Chinese scientists Xianmin Jin and his colleagues from Shanghai Jiao Tong University have successfully fabricated the largest-scaled quantum chip and demonstrated the first two-dimensional quantum walks of single photons in real spatial space, which may provide a powerful platform to boost analog quantum computing for quantum supremacy. [33] To address this technology gap, a team of engineers from the National University of Singapore (NUS) has developed an innovative microchip, named BATLESS, that can continue to operate even when the battery runs out of energy. [32] Stanford researchers have developed a water-based battery that could provide a cheap way to store wind or solar energy generated when the sun is shining and wind is blowing so it can be fed back into the electric grid and be redistributed when demand is high. [31] Researchers at AMOLF and the University of Texas have circumvented this problem with a vibrating glass ring that interacts with light. They thus created a microscale circulator that directionally routes light on an optical chip without using magnets. [30] Researchers have discovered three distinct variants of magnetic domain walls in the helimagnet iron germanium (FeGe). [29]
Category: Quantum Physics

[87] viXra:1910.0093 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-07 20:09:03

Absolute & Relative Measurement Leads to no Wave Particle Duality & Gives Orbital Motion

Authors: S.C. Gaudie
Comments: 3 pages; A4 paper; portrait orientation; mostly font 12; UK English; Freelance scientist;;tetrahedron_1_3_6@aim.com

ABSTRACT #1 Two types of measurement:- Absolute [mass; charge; temperature] & Relative [time; length] #2 Energy & angular momentum reclassified as absolute values! #3 All matter must have angular momentum. #4 The universe, itself, must be “spinning”! #5 There is a “mass form side” and a “wave form side” to the Schroedinger equation. #6 These swaps between the “mass form” and the “wave form” are at a frequency between a photon’s frequency & Plank’s frequency! #7 For the photon or neutrons, when it is in the “mass form” it is in a fixed, “stationary position”! #8 For the photon or neutrons, when it is in the “wave form” it is moving from its previous mass “stationary position” to its “next mass stationary position” at the speed of light! #9 The difference in “apparent velocity” between a photon and a mass, is that:- {A} a photon spends very little time in the mass “stationary position” and most of its time in the moving at c “wave form”! {B} a mass spends very little time in the moving at c “wave form” velocity and most of its time in the “stationary mass position”! The relative ratio of time spent in the moving at c “wave form” for the mass, will determine the “apparent velocity” of the mass relative to its surroundings! #10 The “moving at c wave form” has a moving electric field. #11 The “stationary position” mass has a rotating (around its direction of travel) magnetic field. #12 The rotating magnetic field creates an electric field. #13 The moving electric field creates a rotating magnetic field. #14 The “swapping” of “previous mass position” & its “next mass position” is what moves the mass / planet / sun around in its orbit; “pushing it along in its “ballistic orbital trajectory” ”, not gravity! #15 This means that the “previous mass position” “needs to know” where the “next mass position” is going to be & when it needs to be there. This means that the “future” is predetermined by the “past”! #16 Predestination would seem to be built into the universe! (but see the end of this!)
Category: Classical Physics

[86] viXra:1910.0092 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-07 21:11:27

New Insights into Black Holes – Including, No Particle Evaporation & Detecting Their Internal Structure

Authors: S.C. Gaudie
Comments: Pages.

ABSTRACT Unfortunately, this theory contradicts a theory of someone I greatly admire; Stephen Hawking. I emailed him a few questions in the past, that I thought only he could answer! This theory assumes that:- #1 Quantum tunneling, negative energy, mass or particles does not exist when it comes to “particle emission” from “WITHIN a black hole”. #2 Matter-energy cannot be created or destroyed. #3 Matter-energy cannot be emitted from WITHIN the 3 dimensional event horizon of a black hole. #4 Electro-magnetic radiation cannot be emitted from WITHIN the 3 dimensional event horizon of a black hole. #5 Gravity cannot be created or destroyed. #6 Gravity can be “emitted” from WITHIN the 3 dimensional event horizon of a black hole. #7 Information (from information theory) cannot be created or destroyed. #8 Information (from information theory) can be “emitted” from WITHIN the 3 dimensional event horizon of a black hole. #9 Electrons & positrons are EMITTED from the energy just outside the event horizon of the black hole! (Only half of the “energy that is converted to mass” is EMITTED. The other half is ADDED TO THE MASS OF THE BLACK HOLE!) #10 A black hole GAINS MASS from the energy just outside the event horizon, whilst “emitting” electrons & protons! #11 The only “entropy energy” that is “allowed” to be “emitted” from WITHIN the 3 space-dimensional event horizon of a black hole is gravitational energy! #12 Black holes “emit gravitational energy”! This “emitted radiation” should reduce the mass of a black hole! #13 To create an electron-positron pair there would be minimum values required for these values:- (a) amount of energy; (b) energy density; (c) energy density gradient. #14 The matter spiraling in towards the black hole could continue inwards, through the event horizon, looking like a hurricane. #15 The “eye of the storm” of the black hole could be “mostly mass free”; i. e. the central “singularity” could be mostly “mostly mass free”. #16 The “lumpiness” of matter just inside a galactic black hole’s event horizon could be measured by the “gravity probes” of changes in the orbital movements of its nearby stars. #17 The “gravity probe analysis” of the masses moving within the black holes, would also reveal their angular momentum. #18 Our universe could come from the collapse of a “super-super star” in a previous universe, transferring “our mass & energy”, through its event horizon, into our universe! #19 The transfer would start quickly, proceed quickly, end quickly, when the “pre-universe’s star” ran out of matter- energy around its event horizon, or our universe expanded beyond the “pre-universe’s star’s” “energy-matter region” outside its event horizon! The “matter-energy” transferred would be very homogeneous , leading to the very even cosmic microwave background radiation that we see today! #20 absolute measurements are where only “one measurement” is needed for “a measurement” e. g. mass, charge, temperature. #21 relative measurements are where “two measurements” are needed for “a measurement”; it needs a start & stop to create “a measurement” #22 The pre-universe star’s universe properties – could have absolute measurements of matter-energy (& maybe 1 space dimension & 2 time dimensions that were “incompatible with our space & time dimensions) #23 Our universe, before the merger, could have been balanced with 3 space dimensions & 3 time dimensions. #24 The merger then ADDED 1 “different” space dimension (only evidence; gravity sidesteps the 3 dimensional event horizon of a black hole & our universe is expanding like a 4 dimensional sphere (all points see the same expansion! #25 In the merger of the time dimensions, the two time dimensions from the “pre-universe star’s universe” cancelled out or destroyed two of our three dimensions of time!
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[85] viXra:1910.0091 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-07 03:47:09

Short Review of Climate Change in Support of Greta Thunberg and Fridays for Future

Authors: Rainer W. kühne
Comments: 5 Pages.

I review the evidence of natural climate change as given by the Greenland ice core data of the past 120,000 years and the Antarctica ice core data of the past 900,000 years. These data show that the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration never exceeded 300 ppm (parts per million by volume) during the 650,000 years which preceded AD 1900. Only around 1900 did the concentration reach 300 ppm. Afterwards it increased continuously until the present value of over 400 ppm, where since AD 2000 it increases by 2 ppm per year. I predict that within the next one hundred years the global temperature will increase by further 3.6°C only because of the carbon dioxide concentration that is already at present in the atmosphere.
Category: Climate Research

[84] viXra:1910.0090 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-07 04:38:51

The Mass of the Higgs Boson

Authors: Bernard Riley
Comments: 4 pages

The Bohr radius is equal to the Planck length multiplied by the 125th power of pi/2. The reduced Compton wavelength of the Higgs boson is equal to the Bohr radius divided by the 25th power of 2, meaning the Higgs boson is of mass 125.1224±0.0014 GeV; the Particle Data Group’s 2019 evaluation is 125.10±0.14 GeV. The total mass/energy (Planck cosmological parameters 2018) of the observable universe is equal to the Planck mass multiplied by the 125th power of pi. In Planck units, the total mass/energy of the observable universe is equal numerically to the Bohr radius multiplied by the 125th power of 2 and also to the reduced Compton wavelength of the Higgs boson multiplied by the 150th power of 2. The spin angular momentum of the mid-Main Sequence sun is equal to the 250th power of 2 in units of h-bar. These and other equalities arise in an analysis of the Quantum/Classical connection. The new results suggest an explanation for the accelerating expansion of space.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[83] viXra:1910.0089 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-07 06:54:43

The Square of the Speed of Light is the Gravitational Potential of Quantized Space-Time in the Theory of Superunification

Authors: ssor Vladimir Leonov
Comments: 7 Pages, 6 Figure.

In 1996, I introduced the quantum of space-time (quanton) into theoretical physics in the form of electromagnetic quadrupole. It was a particle unknown in science before. Quanton is a carrier of superstrong electromagnetic interaction (SEI). This is the fifth fundamental interaction in nature unknown before. SEI unites four fundamental interactions: gravitation, electromagnetism, nuclear and electroweak forces. Quanton and SIA are the basis of the fundamental theory of Superunification [2]. Quanton is a four-dimensional particle that forms the electromagnetic structure of Einstein’s four-dimensional space-time. SIA is a hidden form of the global energy field of the Universe, which is characterized by a gravitational potential equal to the square of the speed of light.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[82] viXra:1910.0088 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-07 07:38:38

Computer Model of Human Memory

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 53 Pages.

"By modelling neurons using computers, we can begin to understand memory processing in our own minds." [30] Researchers in the US and UK have uncovered a "pathology" affecting floating-point arithmetic that introduces significant errors when describing systems that are extremely sensitive to their initial conditions. [29] Applying AI know-how to the giant pool of data gathered from the world's leading and most powerful scientific instruments could accelerate the process of scientific discovery. [28] Scientists from the University of Oxford, in collaboration with University of Basel and Lancaster University, have developed an algorithm that can be used to measure quantum dots automatically. [27] A research team from the RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP) has successfully developed a new method for machine learning that allows an AI to make classifications without what is known as "negative data," a finding which could lead to wider application to a variety of classification tasks. [26] Artificial intelligence is helping improve safety along a stretch of Las Vegas' busiest highway. [25] The New York Times contacted IBM Research in late September asking for our help to use AI in a clever way to create art for the coming special section on AI. [24] Granting human rights to a computer would degrade human dignity. [23] IBM researchers are developing a new computer architecture, better equipped to handle increased data loads from artificial intelligence. [22] A computer built to mimic the brain's neural networks produces similar results to that of the best brain-simulation supercomputer software currently used for neural-signaling research, finds a new study published in the open-access journal Frontiers in Neuroscience. [21] The possibility of cognitive nuclear-spin processing came to Fisher in part through studies performed in the 1980s that reported a remarkable lithium isotope dependence on the behavior of mother rats. [20]
Category: Mind Science

[81] viXra:1910.0087 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-06 21:42:02

An Insight Into [ Dlib C++ Machine Learning Library + Pulseseq+cplusplus-NLP-Library/python NLTK Library ] Software to Understand MR Sequences in the Context of [ Iot/hpc/nlp ] Informatics Environments.

Authors: Nirmal Tej Kumar
Comments: 2 Pages. Short Communication & Technical Notes

An Insight into [ Dlib C++ Machine Learning Library + PulseSeq+CPlusPlus-NLP-Library/python NLTK library ]Software to Understand MR Sequences in the Context of [ IoT/HPC/NLP ] Informatics Environments.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[80] viXra:1910.0086 [pdf] replaced on 2019-10-15 15:44:38

Polygonal Spirals with Manageable Inclination Full Version of the Discussion.

Authors: Dante Servi
Comments: 29 Pages.

Description of my graphic method that allows to create polygonal spirals by checking the parameters that define its path. The article begins with the description of the graphic method and an algorithm that allows you to automatically create these polygonals. In the final part of the article I describe how to create a polygonal with all the vertices in common with a specific logarithmic or Archimede spiral.
Category: Geometry

[79] viXra:1910.0085 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-06 13:21:51

Santa Claus and Black Pete on Mars, Curiosity Sol 538

Authors: Leon Elshout
Comments: 1 Page.

What are Santa Claus and Black Pete doing on Mars, even embracing each other? by leon elshout, 6 october 2019, roodgoudvanparvaim.nl - aurichalcum2018 (at) protonmail.com
Category: Religion and Spiritualism

[78] viXra:1910.0084 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-06 13:28:48

Conservation of Mass in Collision

Authors: Eric Su
Comments: 2 Pages. Note that the author does not read Disqus comments here, please respond by email. Including a list of publications is also a healthy gesture.

The conservation of mass in inertial reference frame is a property of the conservation law of momentum. The inelastic collision between two identical objects shows that the total momentum is zero in the COM frame (center of mass). In another inertial reference frame, the rest frame of one object before collision, the total momentum before the collision is equal to the total momentum after the collision. This conservation of momentum shows that the mass of an object is also conserved in all inertial reference frames. The mass of a moving object is independent of its velocity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[77] viXra:1910.0083 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-06 15:03:36

Thin Shells in General Relativity Without Junction Conditions: a Model for Galactic Rotation and the Discrete Sampling of Fields

Authors: Kathleen A. Rosser
Comments: 12 Pages.

Interest in general relativistic treatments of thin matter shells has flourished over recent decades, most notably in connection with astrophysical and cosmological applications such as black hole matter accretion, spherical wormholes, bubble universes, and cosmic domain walls. In the present paper, an asymptotically exact solution to Einstein's field equations for static ultra-thin spherical shells is derived using a continuous matter density distribution ρ(r) defined over all space. The matter density is modeled as a product of surface density μ0 and a continuous or broadened spherical delta function. Continuity over the full domain 0<r<∞ ensures unambiguous determination of both the metric and coordinates across the shell wall, obviating the need to patch interior and exterior solutions using junction conditions. A unique change of variable allows integration with asymptotic precision. It is found that ultra-thin shells smaller than the Schwarzschild radius can be used to model supermassive black holes believed to lie at the centers of galaxies, possibly accounting for the flattening of the galactic rotation curve as described by Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND). Concentric ultra-thin shells may also be used for discrete sampling of arbitrary spherical mass distributions with applications in cosmology. Ultra-thin shells are shown to exhibit constant interior time dilation. The exterior solution matches the Schwarzschild metric. General black shell horizons, and singularities are also discussed.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[76] viXra:1910.0082 [pdf] replaced on 2019-10-10 17:31:50

The Electron and De Broglie Wavelength

Authors: Tim Dooling
Comments: 9 Pages.

In this guess at a classical electron model a classical recipe calculation for the electric and magnetic fields isn't done because I don't have the mathematical ability. The circulation speed of the electron is the speed of light, c. I try to show the electric fields parallel and perpendicular to the direction of motion are due to a deformation of the surfaces of the electron. The De Broglie wavelength is indirectly related to an actual length of the perimeter of the electron. The reason for the electron's mass, or inertia is due to the magnetic binding forces of the surface.
Category: Quantum Physics

[75] viXra:1910.0081 [pdf] replaced on 2019-11-26 18:47:27

Twin Prime Conjecture (New Edition)

Authors: Toshiro Takami
Comments: 10 Pages.

I proved the Twin Prime Conjecture. All Twin Primes are executed in hexadecimal notation. It does not change in a huge number (forever huge number). In the hexagon, prime numbers are generated only at [6n -1] [6n+1]. (n is a positive integer) The probability that a twin prime will occur is 6/5 times the square of the probability that a prime will occur. If the number is very large, the probability of generating a prime number is low, but since the prime number exists forever, the probability of generating a twin prime number is very low, but a twin prime number is produced. That is, twin primes exist forever.
Category: Number Theory

[74] viXra:1910.0080 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-06 18:33:59

Moon Orbital Motion Analysis

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 11 Pages.

Moon Motion Details -Earth Moon is The Solar Group Energy Indicator -Earth Moon moves with 2 different motions – they together create the moon motion distance =2.58 mkm = Earth motion daily -The Moon first Motion is (The Train Motion Concept) – Let's explain it in following -The Solar System is a theater of puppets – puppets move by outer force- which cause their motion -The solar planets move together in one unified motion as a train moves with all its carriages (a planet = a carriage) (The Train Motion Concept) -The Moon Second Motion is Masses Gravity Motion which causes the moon daily displacement (88000 km) -The solar system geometrical mechanism uses the moon motion (88000 km) (Moon Displacement daily) to produce the distance (2 x 88000 km) – where this distance is required to make the moon motion daily =2.58 mkm = Earth Motion daily
Category: Astrophysics

[73] viXra:1910.0079 [pdf] replaced on 2019-11-03 08:46:09

Photon is Interpreted by the Particleization/normalization of the Mutual Energy Flow of the Electromagnetic Fields

Authors: shuang-ren Zhao
Comments: 28 Pages.

Quantum mechanics has the quantization. The quantization offer us a method from the mechanic equation to build the quantum wave equation. For example the Canonical quantization offers a method to build the Schrödinger equation from Hamilton in classical mechanics. This is also referred as first quantization. In general, Maxwell equation itself is wave equation, hence, it doesn't need the first quantization. There is second quantization, for electromagnetic field. The second quantization discuss how many photons can be created when the energy of electromagnetic field is known. This is not interesting to this author. This author is interested how to build a particle from the wave equations (Maxwell equations or Schrödinger equation). Here the particle should confined in space locally. It should has the properties of wave. Our traditional quantization is to find the wave equation. This author try to build a particle from this wave equation, this process can be called as particleization. This author has introduced the mutual energy principle, the mutual energy principle successfully solved the problem of conflict between the Maxwell equations and the law of the energy conservation. The mutual energy flow theorem is derived from the mutual energy principle. The mutual energy flow is consist of the retarded wave and the advanced wave. The mutual energy flow theorem tell us the total energy of the energy flow passes through any surfaces between the emitter to the absorber are all exactly same. This property is required by the photon and any particle in quantum mechanics. Hence, this author has linked the mutual energy flow to the photon and also other particle. The mutual energy flow has the property of waves and also confined in space locally. However there is still a problem, the field of an emitter or the field of an absorber decreases according to the distance from the field point to the source point. If the current (or charge) of a source or sink for a photon is constant. The energy of the photon which equals the inner product of the current and the field will depended on the distance between the the source and the sink of the photon. If the distance increases, the amount of photon energy will decrease to infinite small. This is not correct. The energy of a photon should be a constant E=hv. The energy of the photon cannot decrease with the distance between the emitter and the absorber. In order overcome this difficulty, this author suggests a normalization for the mutual energy flow. It is assume that the retarded wave sent from the emitter has collapse back in all direction. But the mutual energy flow build a energy channel between the source and sink. Since the energy can only go through this channel, the total energy of one photon must go through this channel. Hence, the total energy of the mutual energy flow has to be normalized to the energy of one photon. The mutual energy flow will increase to the energy of one photon. This leads that the amplitude of the wave does not decrease on the direction along the energy channel. The amplitude of the advanced wave also does not decrease on the direction of the energy channel. The electromagnetic wave in the space between an emitter (source) and an absorber (sink) looks like a wave inside a wave guide. The wave in a wave guide, the amplitude does not decrease alone the wave guide if the loss of energy can be omitted. This wave guide can be referred as the “nature wave guide”. In the nature wave guide the advanced wave leads the the retarded wave, hence, the retarded wave can only goes at the direction where has advanced wave. The retarded wave also leads the advanced wave. The advanced wave can only goes in the direction of the retarded wave. This normalization process successfully particularized the the mutual energy flow. This author believe this theory about the normalization/particleization of the mutual energy flow is also correct for other particle for example electron.
Category: Quantum Physics

[72] viXra:1910.0078 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-05 21:54:15

Why Saturn Orbital Distance = Saturn Uranus Distance? (II)

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 20 Pages.

-The Solar System moves one unified motion - as the train moves with its carriages the solar system moves with all planets together one unified motion. (2nd hypothesis) -Planets different velocities don't disprove that- where – a machine of gears has one motion but different velocities of its gears. -Based on that – the solar system (all planets together) moves during a solar day a distance = 1433.5 mkm = Saturn Orbital Distance. The solar system depends on the solar day as its period of time. -The distance 1433.5 mkm is energy – reflected at Saturn – to produce an equal distance 1433.5 mkm = Saturn Uranus Distance (note please – I suppose distance can behave as a light beam and by such way it can reflected where Space= Energy) -Earth Moon Motion effects greatly on Saturn energy reflection process and that's the reason behind the relationship between Earth Moon Motion and Saturn data .. -Shortly –Earth Moon interacts with Saturn and Uranus Distances which perform the energy reflection process and create the relationship between Saturn, Uranus and Earth Moon
Category: Astrophysics

[71] viXra:1910.0077 [pdf] replaced on 2023-10-09 19:51:13

Grimm's Conjecture

Authors: Radomir Majkic
Comments: 7 Pages. The paper is to clear a shortcoming observed in the conclusion of the original Grimm's Conjecture paper without altering its essentials and conclusion.

The collection of the consecutive composite integers is the composite connected, and no pair of its distinct integers may be generated by a single prime number. Composite connectedness implies the two-primes rule and the singularity propagation/breaking rule.Failure of the singularity propagation proves the Gremm's Conjecture.
Category: Number Theory

[70] viXra:1910.0076 [pdf] replaced on 2019-11-26 22:42:40

The Problem with the Relativity of Simultaneity

Authors: Declan Traill
Comments: 7 Pages.

Relativity claims that the simultaneity between two (or more) observers, each traveling in different Inertial Reference Frames (IRFs) is such that “Both observers consider the clock of the other as running slower”. This is shown on a Minkowski diagram in the section titled “Time dilation” on the Wikipedia page given in my Reference [2]. However, as I will explain, this interpretation leads to an inconsistency which cannot be true. I point out the error being made in the interpretation of Minkowski diagrams that leads to this inconsistency, and how the diagram should be interpreted to correct this error.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[69] viXra:1910.0075 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-06 03:14:06

(0/0) = 0 = Refuted!

Authors: Ilija Barukčić
Comments: 6 pages. Copyright © 2019 by Ilija Barukčić, Jever, Germany. All rights reserved. Published by:

Objective: The division 0/0 has been investigated by numerous publications while the knowledge that 0/0 = 1 is still not established yet. Methods: A systematic re-analysis of the claim (0/0) = 0 was conducted again. Modus inversus was used to proof the logical consistency of such a claim. Results: The new proof provides strict evidence that 0/0=0 is not correct. Conclusions: 0/0=0 is refuted. Keywords: Division by zero, Modus inversus.
Category: Number Theory

[68] viXra:1910.0074 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-06 03:58:54

3-D Printing Nanoscale Fabrication

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 53 Pages.

Using a new time-based method to control light from an ultrafast laser, researchers have developed a nanoscale 3-D printing technique that can fabricate tiny structures 1000 times faster than conventional two-photon lithography (TPL) techniques, without sacrificing resolution. [32] The precision of measuring nanoscopic structures could be substantially improved, thanks to research involving the University of Warwick and QuantIC researchers at the University of Glasgow and Heriot Watt University into optical sensing. [31] Researchers at AMOLF and the University of Texas have circumvented this problem with a vibrating glass ring that interacts with light. They thus created a microscale circulator that directionally routes light on an optical chip without using magnets. [30] Researchers have discovered three distinct variants of magnetic domain walls in the helimagnet iron germanium (FeGe). [29] Magnetic materials that form helical structures-coiled shapes comparable to a spiral staircase or the double helix strands of a DNA molecule-occasionally exhibit exotic behavior that could improve information processing in hard drives and other digital devices. [28] In a new study, researchers have designed "invisible" magnetic sensors-sensors that are magnetically invisible so that they can still detect but do not distort the surrounding magnetic fields. [27] At Carnegie Mellon University, Materials Science and Engineering Professor Mike McHenry and his research group are developing metal amorphous nanocomposite materials (MANC), or magnetic materials whose nanocrystals have been grown out of an amorphous matrix to create a two phase magnetic material that exploits both the attractive magnetic inductions of the nanocrystals and the large electrical resistance of a metallic glass. [26] The search and manipulation of novel properties emerging from the quantum nature of matter could lead to next-generation electronics and quantum computers. [25]
Category: Condensed Matter

[67] viXra:1910.0073 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-06 04:27:01

Corrosion-Proof Atomic Sheets

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 79 Pages.

Now, a team of researchers at MIT and elsewhere has developed an ultrathin coating that is inexpensive, simple to apply, and can be removed by applying certain acids. [50] An international research team has used nanoparticles to convert carbon dioxide into valuable raw materials. Scientists at Ruhr-Universität Bochum in Germany and the University of New South Wales in Australia have adopted the principle from enzymes that produce complex molecules in multi-step reactions. [49] Graphene plates in the composites can be located both at the boundaries of ceramic grains and inside grains. [48]
Category: Condensed Matter

[66] viXra:1910.0072 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-06 04:42:51

Noble-Metal-Free Catalyst Particles

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 53 Pages.

Chemists have developed a new method with which they can characterize individual noble-metal-free nanoparticle catalysts. [34] Researchers at the Center for Quantum Nanoscience within the Institute for Basic Science (IBS) have made a major breakthrough in controlling the quantum properties of single atoms. [33] A team of researchers from several institutions in Japan has described a physical system that can be described as existing above "absolute hot" and also below absolute zero. [32] A silicon-based quantum computing device could be closer than ever due to a new experimental device that demonstrates the potential to use light as a messenger to connect quantum bits of information-known as qubits-that are not immediately adjacent to each other. [31] Researchers at the University of Bristol's Quantum Engineering Technology Labs have demonstrated a new type of silicon chip that can help building and testing quantum computers and could find their way into your mobile phone to secure information. [30] Theoretical physicists propose to use negative interference to control heat flow in quantum devices. [29] Particle physicists are studying ways to harness the power of the quantum realm to further their research. [28] A fundamental barrier to scaling quantum computing machines is "qubit interference." In new research published in Science Advances, engineers and physicists from Rigetti Computing describe a breakthrough that can expand the size of practical quantum processors by reducing interference. [26] The search and manipulation of novel properties emerging from the quantum nature of matter could lead to next-generation electronics and quantum computers. [25]
Category: Condensed Matter

[65] viXra:1910.0071 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-06 05:56:07

The Moon Indeed Moves by Gravity (Iii) (Explanation)

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 10 Pages.

Paper hypotheses -Light Motion For 1 Second causes Planet Motion For 1 Solar Day (research 5th hypothesis) -Planet Matter is created as a result of Planet motion -Solar system matter is created based on planet motion for 2 Solar Days -Saturn orbital distance is the required distance to be passed by the solar system unified motion during 1 solar day ("The Train Motion Concept") -Uranus orbital distance is the required distance to be passed by the solar system unified motion during 2 Solar Days -The previous description shows the theoretical reason behind Uranus and Saturn strong relationship.
Category: Astrophysics

[64] viXra:1910.0070 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-06 06:12:17

Cantor Dust as Underlying Texture of Fuzzy Dark Matter

Authors: Ervin Goldfain
Comments: 2 Pages.

A close connection exists between the recently advanced concept of Fuzzy Dark Matter and Cantor Dust, a dimensional condensate created from the minimal fractal structure of spacetime near or above the Fermi scale.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[63] viXra:1910.0069 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-06 06:24:20

Printed Electronics for Biosensors

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 55 Pages.

Electrical engineers at Duke University have devised a fully print-in-place technique for electronics that is gentle enough to work on delicate surfaces including paper and human skin. [36] Called the Quantum Material Press, or QPress, this system will accelerate the discovery of next-generation materials for the emerging field of quantum information science (QIS). [35] A novel technique that nudges single atoms to switch places within an atomically thin material could bring scientists another step closer to realizing theoretical physicist Richard Feynman's vision of building tiny machines from the atom up. [34]
Category: Physics of Biology

[62] viXra:1910.0067 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-06 06:47:35

View Inside a Living Mouse's Brain

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 56 Pages.

The researchers said their technique could also enable surgeons to more precisely excise tumors and aid biologists and medical researchers in studying fundamental processes within cells. [37] Electrical engineers at Duke University have devised a fully print-in-place technique for electronics that is gentle enough to work on delicate surfaces including paper and human skin. [36] Called the Quantum Material Press, or QPress, this system will accelerate the discovery of next-generation materials for the emerging field of quantum information science (QIS). [35] A novel technique that nudges single atoms to switch places within an atomically thin material could bring scientists another step closer to realizing theoretical physicist Richard Feynman's vision of building tiny machines from the atom up. [34]
Category: Physics of Biology

[61] viXra:1910.0066 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-06 09:27:07

Breaking the Wall of Unfamiliarity of One's Own Voice

Authors: Sun Ruikang
Comments: 2 Pages.

The voice someone heard inside their head is generally different from it heard on record. This problem makes it difficult to sing correctly for many people. Due to the development of Transfer Learning and Neural Networks, we can transfer the voice we really made to the voice we intend to with models like Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN).
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[60] viXra:1910.0065 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-06 09:43:00

Astronomers/Astrophysicists Do Not Know how to Properly Apply Gravitational Collapse

Authors: Jeffrey Joseph Wolynski
Comments: 4 Pages.

A screenshot and some explanation is given to show why and how astronomers/astrophysicists got it all wrong. This is to prove beyond a reasonable doubt with written documentation that astronomers/astrophysicists have the tool called "gravitational collapse", but do not know how to properly use it. Some explanation is provided with examples.
Category: Astrophysics

[59] viXra:1910.0064 [pdf] replaced on 2020-09-13 23:02:32

A Possible Theory of Partial Differential Equations

Authors: Robert L. Jackson
Comments: 16 Pages. email rljacksonmd@gmail.com for spread sheets, etc.

The current gold standard for solving nonlinear partial differential equations, or PDEs, is the simplest equation method, or SEM. As a matter of fact, another prior technique for solving such equations, the G'/G-expansion method, appears to branch from the simplest equation method (SEM). This study discusses a new method for solving PDEs called the generating function technique (GFT) which may establish a new precedence with respect to SEM. First, the study shows how GFT relates to SEM and the G'/G-expansion method. Next, the paper describes a new theorem that incorporates GFT, Ring and Knot theory in the finding of solutions to PDEs. Then the novel technique is applied in the derivation of new solutions to the Benjamin-Ono, QFT and Good Boussinesq equations. Finally, the study concludes via a discourse on the reasons why the technique is likely better than SEM and G'/G-expansion method, the scope and range of what GFT could ultimately accomplish, and the elucidation of a putative new branch of calculus, called "diversification".
Category: Functions and Analysis

[58] viXra:1910.0063 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-05 16:49:46

The Moon Indeed Moves by Gravity (Iii)

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 14 Pages.

-Earth Moon Motion proves "The Train Motion Concept" -"The Train Motion Concept" states that the solar planets move together as train carriages – i.e. – there's no solar planet moves individually or independently from others –instead –all solar planets move together (as train moves with its carriages together)- this concept is explained in 2nd hypothesis of my research. -Earth & Moon Motions show their cooperation with Saturn one. -Earth, Moon and Saturn Motions show a deep cooperation between 3 planets – which produce the following data:
Category: Astrophysics

[57] viXra:1910.0062 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-05 19:43:33

Why Young Stars Shine and Then Stop Shining

Authors: Jeffrey Joseph Wolynski
Comments: 4 Pages.

There is an ignored feedback loop that makes young stars shine. No fusion is required. This is to introduce the possibility of simplicity in science, as anybody who has read a book on how stars are supposedly "powered" is sure to lose track of reality, with gigantic math equations that explain nothing, and imaginations that run wild into fantasy-land. In short, it is a simple feedback mechanism as observed in solar granulation. The plasma recombines to neutral gas, falls inwards, gains energy, gets ionized and then rises back up to recombine again. This is why stars shine. When that feedback loop is lost, the star loses its capacity to shine.
Category: Astrophysics

[56] viXra:1910.0060 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-05 14:14:25

Study on Application of Machine Learning Intelligence for Identification and Control of Nonlinear Dynamical Systems: Case Study Robotic Manipulators

Authors: Divya Rao Ashok Kumar, Krishna Vijayaraghavan
Comments: 50 Pages.

In the literature, machine learning has been referred to as deeply structured learning, hierarchical learning and feature based learning which can provide computational models from high-level data abstractions. One of the most used learning structures is the multiple-layered models of inputs, commonly known as neural networks, which comprise multiple levels of non-linear operations. The machine learning algorithms are able solve many problems around fault detection, isolation and recovery. There has been a growing interest in using learning architectures in advanced robotics applications, e.g., object detection, scene semantic segmentation, and grasping. The real-time learning of high-dimensional features for robotics applications via machine learning techniques is another important topic. In addition, other topics in robotics such as obstacle detection and context-dependent social mapping are also being addressed by researchers through machine learning methods. Machine learning algorithms provide real time driving decisions for automated vehicles (self-driving vehicles or driverless cars) from integration of numerous sensors onboard the vehicle. The advancement of autonomous navigation and situational awareness systems adapt neural networks for analyzing the multi-modal sensor inputs. We observe that machine learning algorithms influence largely in decision making process. But, there is need to understand the control system consequences for adapting the outcome of the machine learning algorithm. This proposal presents the detailed study on the influences of machine learning architectures and algorithms for modeling and control of nonlinear dynamical system. Research Outcome: · Knowledge on machine learning architectures (Support Vector Machines (SVMs), Conditional Random Field, supervised neural network) · Understanding the constraints on applicability of ML architectures for nonlinear dynamical system · Study on real time control of nonlinear dynamical system with ML algorithm in closed loop.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[55] viXra:1910.0059 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-05 05:11:35

CRISPR Alter the Microbiome

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 43 Pages.

Researchers at Western University have developed a new way to deliver the DNA-editing tool CRISPR-Cas9 into microorganisms in the lab, providing a way to efficiently launch a targeted attack on specific bacteria. [26] The work reflects a growing trend at both the Salk Institute and elsewhere toward integrating computational approaches into biology research. [25] That's only a smattering of what scientists will be able to examine with the new microscope—an atomic force-Raman microscope, to be exact—now housed in the University of Delaware's Lammot du Pont Laboratory. [24] The Pt nanoreactor was designed with a controlled core-shell structure and morphology for the visual detection of metabolic biomarkers and direct laser desorption/ionization MS fingerprinting of the native serum. [23]
Category: Physics of Biology

[54] viXra:1910.0058 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-05 05:13:37

Protein Networks Behind Tumor Growth

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 31 Pages.

Researchers at the University of Copenhagen have used highly sophisticated molecular analyses to identify key proteins in the signaling pathways that cancers use to spread in the body. The study could help in personalizing cancer treatment and developing new drugs. [20] To fully understand how genome integrity is maintained, David Cortez, Ph.D., and colleagues have generated a "catalog" of the proteins present at sites of DNA duplication (replication forks) and chromatin packaging of newly synthesized DNA. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18]
Category: Physics of Biology

[53] viXra:1910.0057 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-05 05:15:32

Cutting-Edge Microscopy

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 42 Pages.

The work reflects a growing trend at both the Salk Institute and elsewhere toward integrating computational approaches into biology research. [25] That's only a smattering of what scientists will be able to examine with the new microscope—an atomic force-Raman microscope, to be exact—now housed in the University of Delaware's Lammot du Pont Laboratory. [24] The Pt nanoreactor was designed with a controlled core-shell structure and morphology for the visual detection of metabolic biomarkers and direct laser desorption/ionization MS fingerprinting of the native serum. [23]
Category: Physics of Biology

[52] viXra:1910.0056 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-05 05:17:46

NMR Approach for Cell Content

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 31 Pages.

Researchers in Utrecht have found a new way to observe membraneless compartments at an unprecedented level of resolution. [20] To fully understand how genome integrity is maintained, David Cortez, Ph.D., and colleagues have generated a "catalog" of the proteins present at sites of DNA duplication (replication forks) and chromatin packaging of newly synthesized DNA. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18]
Category: Physics of Biology

[51] viXra:1910.0055 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-05 05:19:33

DNA Replication Catalog

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 29 Pages.

To fully understand how genome integrity is maintained, David Cortez, Ph.D., and colleagues have generated a "catalog" of the proteins present at sites of DNA duplication (replication forks) and chromatin packaging of newly synthesized DNA. [19] Researchers at Delft University of Technology, in collaboration with colleagues at the Autonomous University of Madrid, have created an artificial DNA blueprint for the replication of DNA in a cell-like structure. [18] An LMU team now reveals the inner workings of a molecular motor made of proteins which packs and unpacks DNA. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16]
Category: Physics of Biology

[50] viXra:1910.0054 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-05 05:32:37

2-D Topological Physics

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 38 Pages.

Limiting quantum particles to move in one, two, or three dimensions has led to the observation of many striking phenomena. [24] Topological effects, such as those found in crystals whose surfaces conduct electricity while their bulk does not, have been an exciting topic of physics research in recent years and were the subject of the 2016 Nobel Prize in physics. [23] A new technique developed by MIT researchers reveals the inner details of photonic crystals, synthetic materials whose exotic optical properties are the subject of widespread research. [22] In experiments at SLAC, intense laser light (red) shining through a magnesium oxide crystal excited the outermost “valence” electrons of oxygen atoms deep inside it. [21]
Category: Condensed Matter

[49] viXra:1910.0053 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-05 05:35:06

Molecular Hydrogen Semimetallic

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 47 Pages.

According to condensed matter physics predictions, at a high enough pressure, hydrogen should dissociate and transform into an atomic metal. [31] Finding a fast and inexpensive way to detect specific strains of bacteria and viruses is critical to food safety, water quality, environmental protection and human health. [30] In the perspective, Gabor and Song collect early examples in electron metamaterials and distil emerging design strategies for electronic control from them. [29] Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) researchers are working to make better electronic devices by delving into the way nanocrystals are arranged inside of them. [28]
Category: Condensed Matter

[48] viXra:1910.0052 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-05 05:37:05

Trapped Atom Shape Photons

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 50 Pages.

The first system for reshaping the time-varying profiles of individual photons has been created by Olivier Morin and colleagues at the Max-Planck-Institute for Quantum Optics in Garching, Germany. [30] Recently, the chemists Sebastian Mai and Leticia González from the Faculty of Chemistry of the University of Vienna succeeded in simulating the extremely fast spin flip processes that are triggered by the light absorption of metal complexes. [29] University of Tokyo researchers have announced a new approach for electrical cooling without the need for moving parts. [28]
Category: Quantum Physics

[47] viXra:1910.0051 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-05 05:38:59

Fast Dance of Electron Spin

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 49 Pages.

Recently, the chemists Sebastian Mai and Leticia González from the Faculty of Chemistry of the University of Vienna succeeded in simulating the extremely fast spin flip processes that are triggered by the light absorption of metal complexes. [29] University of Tokyo researchers have announced a new approach for electrical cooling without the need for moving parts. [28] When electrons that repel each other are confined to a small space, they can form an ordered crystalline state known as a Wigner crystal. [27] A new experiment that tests the limit of how large an object can be before it ceases to behave quantum mechanically has been proposed by physicists in the UK and India. [26]
Category: Quantum Physics

[46] viXra:1910.0050 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-05 05:40:59

How a Fuzzy Universe Looked

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 23 Pages.

Shortly after the Big Bang, particles of dark matter would have clumped together in gravitational "halos," pulling surrounding gas into their cores, which over time cooled and condensed into the first galaxies. [21] Scientists are hoping to understand one of the most enduring mysteries in cosmology by simulating its effect on the clustering of galaxies. [20] The U.S. Department of Energy has approved nearly $1 million in funding for the research team, which has been tasked with leveraging large-scale computer simulations and developing new statistical methods to help us better understand these fundamental forces. [19]
Category: Astrophysics

[45] viXra:1910.0049 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-05 05:43:41

Microscope with Dual Capabilities

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 40 Pages.

That's only a smattering of what scientists will be able to examine with the new microscope—an atomic force-Raman microscope, to be exact—now housed in the University of Delaware's Lammot du Pont Laboratory. [24] The Pt nanoreactor was designed with a controlled core-shell structure and morphology for the visual detection of metabolic biomarkers and direct laser desorption/ionization MS fingerprinting of the native serum. [23] Nuclear technology companies Phoenix and SHINE Medical Technologies have achieved a new world record for a nuclear fusion reaction in a steady-state system, the strongest of its kind ever produced on Earth. [22]
Category: Physics of Biology

[44] viXra:1910.0048 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-05 05:45:42

Cancer Diagnosis with Platinum Nanoreactor

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 37 Pages.

The Pt nanoreactor was designed with a controlled core-shell structure and morphology for the visual detection of metabolic biomarkers and direct laser desorption/ionization MS fingerprinting of the native serum. [23] Nuclear technology companies Phoenix and SHINE Medical Technologies have achieved a new world record for a nuclear fusion reaction in a steady-state system, the strongest of its kind ever produced on Earth. [22] Bacterial systems are some of the simplest and most effective platforms for the expression of recombinant proteins. [21]
Category: Physics of Biology

[43] viXra:1910.0047 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-05 05:47:54

Medical Isotope Production

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 36 Pages.

Nuclear technology companies Phoenix and SHINE Medical Technologies have achieved a new world record for a nuclear fusion reaction in a steady-state system, the strongest of its kind ever produced on Earth. [22] Bacterial systems are some of the simplest and most effective platforms for the expression of recombinant proteins. [21] Now, in a new paper published in Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Mayo researchers have determined how one DNA repair protein gets to the site of DNA damage. [20]
Category: Physics of Biology

[42] viXra:1910.0046 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-05 05:49:58

Machine Learning Cosmic and Subatomic Scales

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 41 Pages.

While high-energy physics and cosmology seem worlds apart in terms of sheer scale, physicists and cosmologists at Argonne are using similar machine learning methods to address classification problems for both subatomic particles and galaxies. [27] A new study from the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Argonne National Laboratory has achieved a breakthrough in the effort to mathematically represent how water behaves. [26] A new tool is drastically changing the face of chemical research – artificial intelligence. In a new paper published in Nature, researchers review the rapid progress in machine learning for the chemical sciences. [25]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[41] viXra:1910.0045 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-05 05:52:01

Coupling in Hybrid Quantum Systems

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 18 Pages.

Researchers have thus been trying to develop techniques to enable nonreciprocal signal propagation, which could help to block the undesired effects of backward noise. [9] A UNSW Australia-led team of researchers has discovered how algae that survive in very low levels of light are able to switch on and off a weird quantum phenomenon that occurs during photosynthesis. [8] This paper contains the review of quantum entanglement investigations in living systems, and in the quantum mechanically modeled photoactive prebiotic kernel systems. [7]
Category: Quantum Physics

[40] viXra:1910.0044 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-05 05:54:38

Cool with Quantum Wells

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 48 Pages.

University of Tokyo researchers have announced a new approach for electrical cooling without the need for moving parts. [28] When electrons that repel each other are confined to a small space, they can form an ordered crystalline state known as a Wigner crystal. [27] A new experiment that tests the limit of how large an object can be before it ceases to behave quantum mechanically has been proposed by physicists in the UK and India. [26] Phonons are discrete units of vibrational energy predicted by quantum mechanics that correspond to collective oscillations of atoms inside a molecule or a crystal. [25] This achievement is considered as an important landmark for the realization of practical application of photon upconversion technology. [24]
Category: Quantum Physics

[39] viXra:1910.0043 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-05 05:56:44

Spintronics and Quantum Thermodynamics

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 44 Pages.

The team utilized analytical and ab-initio theories to establish a link between this spin engine concept and room-temperature experiments on a solid-state spintronic device called a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ). [33] Scientists at Tokyo Institute of Technology proposed new quasi-1-D materials for potential spintronic applications, an upcoming technology that exploits the spin of electrons. [32] They do this by using "excitons," electrically neutral quasiparticles that exist in insulators, semiconductors and in some liquids. [31]
Category: Quantum Physics

[38] viXra:1910.0042 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-05 05:58:35

Optical Chip for Quantum Devices

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 43 Pages.

Researchers have created a silicon carbide (SiC) photonic integrated chip that can be thermally tuned by applying an electric signal. [32] Compact quantum devices could be incorporated into laptops and mobile phones, thanks in part to small devices called quantum optical micro-combs. [31] Taking their name from an intricate Japanese basket pattern, kagome magnets are thought to have electronic properties that could be valuable for future quantum devices and applications. [30] A team of Cambridge researchers have found a way to control the sea of nuclei in semiconductor quantum dots so they can operate as a quantum memory device. [29]
Category: Quantum Physics

[37] viXra:1910.0041 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-05 06:00:34

Excitons Condensation Temperature

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 45 Pages.

New Cornell-led research is pointing the way toward an elusive goal of physicists—high-temperature superfluidity—by exploring excitons in atomically thin semiconductors. [30] After developing a method to control exciton flows at room temperature, EPFL scientists have discovered new properties of these quasiparticles that can lead to more energy-efficient electronic devices. [29] To build tomorrow's quantum computers, some researchers are turning to dark excitons, which are bound pairs of an electron and the absence of an electron called a hole. [27]
Category: Condensed Matter

[36] viXra:1910.0040 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-05 06:02:37

Quantizing DNA Metamolecules

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 40 Pages.

Tailored metal nanoclusters can be actively developed in the lab to manipulate light at the subwavelength scale for nanophotonic applications. [21] Researchers at the University of Wollongong's (UOW) Molecular Horizons initiative have shed new light on how an important but not well understood protein goes about its vital role of reducing errors and mutations in DNA replication. [20] DNA is a lengthy molecule—approximately 1,000-fold longer than the cell in which it resides—so it can't be jammed in haphazardly. [19]
Category: Physics of Biology

[35] viXra:1910.0039 [pdf] replaced on 2019-11-29 14:46:58

Solid Strips

Authors: Vincenzo Nardozza
Comments: 11 Pages.

In this paper we introduce the idea of a Solid Strip which is the generalization to higher dimensions of 2-dimensional Untwisted and Mobius Strips.
Category: Topology

[34] viXra:1910.0038 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-05 09:39:41

On Some Mathematical Connections Between ϕ, ζ(2), the Rogers-Ramanujan Identities, the Holographic Proton Mass, Some Like-Particle Solutions and the Black Hole Entropies. II

Authors: Michele Nardelli, Antonio Nardelli
Comments: 198 Pages.

In the present research thesis, we have obtained various and interesting new mathematical connections concerning ϕ, ζ(2), the Rogers-Ramanujan identities, the Holographic Proton Mass, some like-particle solutions and the Black Hole Entropies.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[33] viXra:1910.0037 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-05 09:50:32

Hypercomplex Numbers of Dimension 10

Authors: Valery Timin
Comments: timinva@yandex.ru, 4 pages in Russian

This work is devoted to the search, study and compilation of the multiplication table of a compound hyperbolic (Hypercomplex) number of dimension nine (10): q = {1, i1, i2, i3, …, i9, }: in2 = 1. On this basis, as a template, you can choose other multiplication tables with a different target or arbitrary arrangement of plus (+) and minus (-) characters in the cells of the multiplication table. The disadvantage of multiplication tables of dimension 10 is that they are neither associative nor commutative (not even anticommutative). But this is their fundamental property.. Эта работа посвящена поиску, изучению и составлению таблицы умножения составного гиперболического (гиперкомплексного) числа размерностью девять (10): q = {1, i1, i2, i3, …, i9, }: in2 = 1. На этой основе как на шаблоне можно подобрать другие таблицы умножения с другой целевой или произвольной расстановкой знаков "плюс" (+) и "минус" (-) в ячейках таблицы умножения. Только коммутативных таблиц размерности 10 может быть до 1750, а ассоциативных – до 65201 (не окончательно). Все коммутативные таблицы имеют эластичную ассоциативность (Am).
Category: Algebra

[32] viXra:1910.0036 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-05 10:24:25

Nikolay Kardashev - a Seeker of Neighbors in Universe

Authors: Vladimir Aksayskiy
Comments: 2 Pages.

Nikolay Kardashev is an astrophysicist by profession, a spirit scout. The initiator of Soviet and Russian efforts in SETI. Created the Kardashev scale - a useful classification of civilizations in our universe for energy consumption.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[31] viXra:1910.0035 [pdf] replaced on 2019-10-14 05:32:01

Why the Spin of the Particles is Equal to S=1/2?

Authors: Michael Tzoumpas
Comments: 8 Pages.

According to the unified theory of dynamic space, the first (Universal) and the second (local) deformation of space is described, which change the geometric structure of the isotropic space. These geometric deformations created the dynamic space, the Universe, and the space holes (bubbles of empty space), the early form of matter. The neutron cortex is structured around these space holes with the electrically opposite elementary units (in short: units) at the light speed, as the third deformation of space (electrical and geometric deformation), resulting in the creation of surface electric charges (quarks), to which the particles spin is due. The constant kinetic energy of the particle spin is calculated at 100 million Joule. Thus, a single electron is enough to become the heart of a future energy machine.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[30] viXra:1910.0034 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-05 13:34:06

Atomic Model with a Single Particle

Authors: Arnaud Andrieu
Comments: 5 Pages.

The atomic model described in this paper remains very simple and represents the synopsis of the logical sequence of the oscillation mechanism of a single moving particle. Reference: [..] Thanks to the principle of reiteration, the probability of finding after NP and NPN in the atomic nuclei is consequent. Which brings us, and in relation to the atomic signature, to the conclusion of a composition rich in Deuterium, Tritium and Helium 4-5-6
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[29] viXra:1910.0030 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-02 08:40:51

Synthesize Impossible Superconductor

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 16 Pages.

Researchers from the U.S., Russia, and China have bent the rules of classical chemistry and synthesized a "forbidden" compound of cerium and hydrogen—CeH9—which exhibits superconductivity at a relatively low pressure of 1 million atmospheres. [30] Hong Ding's group from the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science reported the superconducting gap of topological surface state is larger than that of bulk states in β-Bi2Pd thin films using in-situ angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and molecular beam epitaxy. [29] Superconducting quantum microwave circuits can function as qubits, the building blocks of a future quantum computer. [28] Physicists have shown that superconducting circuits—circuits that have zero electrical resistance—can function as piston-like mechanical quantum engines. The new perspective may help researchers design quantum computers and other devices with improved efficiencies. [27]
Category: Quantum Physics

[28] viXra:1910.0029 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-02 09:29:11

On the Evolution of Universe using Relativistic Cosmology

Authors: Vigneswaran Ramamoorthy
Comments: 23 Pages.

For the collided region of two gravitationally bound structures A and B, geodesic equation is derived using calculus of variations. With the help of geodesic equation derived for the collided region of A and B, a method to calculate any possible curvature of universe beyond observable flat universe is detailed. This relativistic method is used to describe a generic idea on the evolution of gravitationally bound structures and its effect on the evolution of universe. Using this idea, distribution of matter and antimatter in the universe, observed accelerating expansion of universe, cosmic inflation, and large-scale structure of present universe are explained.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[27] viXra:1910.0028 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-02 10:35:36

Human Gene Jak2 is a Promising Model for Studying Regulation of Genes Expression by a Mechanism of Wave Collapse on the DNA

Authors: Denis Semyonov
Comments: 3 Pages.

In human gene JAK2 the fragment with regulatory structure GTATGTGT is repeated more than 10 times. The mutation V617F (G→T) in this site belonging to an 14 exon, is associated with so called myeloproliferative diseases. E.g., if the mutation leads to violation of the purine-pyrimidine alternation, the respective site loses the ability of the rearrangement and becomes non-regulatory. Thus, contribution of the mutation to oncogenesis can relate to a disturbance of the mechanism of regulation of the gene expression.
Category: Biochemistry

[26] viXra:1910.0027 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-02 11:01:31

Less than Zero Quantum Energy

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 44 Pages.

Quantum theory, however, allows negative energy. "According to quantum physics, it is possible to borrow energy from a vacuum at a certain location, like money from a bank," says Daniel Grumiller. [30] Ant-Man knows the quantum realm holds shocking revelations and irrational solutions. [29] A new uncertainty relation, linking the precision with which temperature can be measured and quantum mechanics, has been discovered at the University of Exeter. [28] Physicists have demonstrated that energy quantization can improve the efficiency of a single-atom heat engine to exceed the performance of its classical counterpart. [27] A solid can serve as a medium for heat and sound wave interactions just like a fluid does for thermoacoustic engines and refrigerators-resulting in leak-free machines that can stay operating longer. [26] Like watchmakers choosing superior materials to build a fine timepiece, physicists at the Centre for Quantum Technologies (CQT) at the National University of Singapore have singled out an atom that could allow them to build better atomic clocks. [25] Yale physicists have uncovered hints of a time crystal-a form of matter that "ticks" when exposed to an electromagnetic pulse-in the last place they expected: a crystal you might find in a child's toy. [24] The research shows that concentrated electrolytes in solution affect hydrogen bonding, ion interactions, and coordination geometries in currently unpredictable ways. [23]
Category: Quantum Physics

[25] viXra:1910.0026 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-02 12:16:34

Peek Schrodinger Cat Without Disturbing

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 45 Pages.

Associate Professor Holger F. Hofmann from Hiroshima University and Kartik Patekar from the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay have tried to solve one of the biggest puzzles in quantum physics: how to measure the quantum system without changing it? [31] Quantum theory, however, allows negative energy. "According to quantum physics, it is possible to borrow energy from a vacuum at a certain location, like money from a bank," says Daniel Grumiller. [30] Ant-Man knows the quantum realm holds shocking revelations and irrational solutions. [29] A new uncertainty relation, linking the precision with which temperature can be measured and quantum mechanics, has been discovered at the University of Exeter. [28] Physicists have demonstrated that energy quantization can improve the efficiency of a single-atom heat engine to exceed the performance of its classical counterpart. [27] A solid can serve as a medium for heat and sound wave interactions just like a fluid does for thermoacoustic engines and refrigerators-resulting in leak-free machines that can stay operating longer. [26] Like watchmakers choosing superior materials to build a fine timepiece, physicists at the Centre for Quantum Technologies (CQT) at the National University of Singapore have singled out an atom that could allow them to build better atomic clocks. [25] Yale physicists have uncovered hints of a time crystal-a form of matter that "ticks" when exposed to an electromagnetic pulse-in the last place they expected: a crystal you might find in a child's toy. [24] The research shows that concentrated electrolytes in solution affect hydrogen bonding, ion interactions, and coordination geometries in currently unpredictable ways. [23] An exotic state of matter that is dazzling scientists with its electrical properties, can also exhibit unusual optical properties, as shown in a theoretical study by researchers at A*STAR. [22]
Category: Quantum Physics

[24] viXra:1910.0025 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-02 12:49:49

Information from Quantum Materials

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 58 Pages.

The current work demonstrates how to distinguish between trivial and topological insulators at an ultra-fast rate, in other words, to "read out" the topological information of the system using laser spectroscopy. [33] Rice University physicist Qimiao Si began mapping quantum criticality more than a decade ago, and he's finally found a traveler that can traverse the final frontier. [32] Physicists studying the strange behavior of metal alloys called heavy fermions have made a surprising discovery that could be useful in safeguarding the information stored in quantum bits, or qubits, the basic units of encoded information in quantum computers. [31] Properties of complex materials are often determined by the interplay of several electron properties. TU Wien (Vienna) has now succeeded in disentangling this mess. [30] Physicists have found "electron pairing," a hallmark feature of superconductivity, at temperatures and energies well above the critical threshold where superconductivity happens. [29] It was a three-hour nighttime road trip that capped off a journey begun seven years ago. [28] Discovered more than 100 years ago, superconductivity continues to captivate scientists who seek to develop components for highly efficient energy transmission, ultrafast electronics or quantum bits for next-generation computation. [27] One of the greatest mysteries in condensed matter physics is the exact relationship between charge order and superconductivity in cuprate superconductors. [26]
Category: Quantum Physics

[23] viXra:1910.0024 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-02 13:17:21

Finding Magic Angle Superconductors

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 25 Pages.

Researchers at The Ohio State University, in collaboration with scientists around the world, have made a discovery that could provide new insights into how superconductors might move energy more efficiently to power homes, industries and vehicles. [34] Now, new experiments conducted at Princeton give hints at how this material-known as magic-angle twisted graphene-gives rise to superconductivity. [33] Finally, we can look at a key property of superconductivity that previously couldn't be seen." [32] Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University have found that crystals of a recently discovered superconducting material, a layered bismuth chalcogenide with a four-fold symmetric structure, shows only twofold symmetry in its superconductivity. [31] Russian physicist Viktor Lakhno from Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, RAS considers symmetrical bipolarons as a basis of high-temperature superconductivity. [30] Scientists at the Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University have shown that copper-based superconductors, or cuprates-the first class of materials found to carry electricity with no loss at relatively high temperatures-contain fluctuating stripes of electron charge and spin that meander like rivulets over rough ground. [29] Researchers from Google and the University of California Santa Barbara have taken an important step towards the goal of building a large-scale quantum computer. [28] Physicists have shown that superconducting circuits-circuits that have zero electrical resistance-can function as piston-like mechanical quantum engines. The new perspective may help researchers design quantum computers and other devices with improved efficiencies. [27]
Category: Quantum Physics

[22] viXra:1910.0023 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-01 11:55:00

Colour Charge and Electric Charge for Fermions

Authors: John Neville
Comments: 1 Page.

An observation on the dependence of lepton and quark electric charges on their colour charges.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[21] viXra:1910.0022 [pdf] replaced on 2019-10-08 04:49:08

Using the Rational Root Test to Factor with the TI-83

Authors: Timothy W. Jones
Comments: 5 Pages. Further corrections and amplifications.

The rational root test gives a way to solve polynomial equations. We apply the idea to factoring quadratics (and other polynomials). A calculator speeds up the filtering through possible rational roots.
Category: General Mathematics

[20] viXra:1910.0021 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-01 15:27:10

On the Rogers-Ramanujan Identities and Continued Fractions: New Possible Mathematical Developments and Mathematical Connections with the Mass Value of Candidate “glueball” F0(1710) Meson, Other Particles and the Black Hole Entropies

Authors: Michele Nardelli, Antonio Nardelli
Comments: 210 Pages.

In the present research thesis, we have obtained various and interesting new possible mathematical results concerning the Rogers-Ramanujan identities and some continued fractions. Furthermore, we have described new possible mathematical connections with the mass value of candidate “glueball” f0(1710) meson, other particles and with the Black Hole entropies.
Category: Number Theory

[19] viXra:1910.0019 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-01 19:06:48

A Harmless Wireless Quantum Alternative to Cell Phones Based on Quantum Noise

Authors: Robert Neil Boyd, Victor Christianto, Florentin Smarandache
Comments: 5 Pages. This paper has been accepted and published by EC Neurology Journal, 2019. Comments are welcome

In the meantime we know that 4G and 5G technologies cause many harms to human health. Therefore, here we submit a harmless wireless quantum alternative to cell phones. It is our hope that this alternative communication method can find its way to realization, while the existing RF based wireless technologies (4G, 5G) are being phased out.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[18] viXra:1910.0018 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-01 22:16:03

The Causes of Planetary Migration are Inherent & Unavoidable

Authors: S.C. Gaudie
Comments: 2 pages; A4 paper; portrait orientation; mostly font 12 UK English; Freelance scientist;;tetrahedron_1_3_6@aim.com

ABSTRACT In the “evolution” of a gas & dust cloud (e.g, planetary or galactic size) the following effects will be occurring. The generalised view:- more “outside matter” moves mass outwards from the centre. The generalised view:- more accretion on the “outside” moves mass towards the centre. The generalised view:- more accretion “outside the central gravity shell” occurs on bodies orbiting nearer the central body & moves mass towards the centre. The generalised overview:- Planetary Migration is Inherent & Unavoidable
Category: Astrophysics

[17] viXra:1910.0017 [pdf] replaced on 2019-10-02 05:02:19

On Prime Number Ⅵ2

Authors: Yuji Masuda
Comments: 1 Page.

This is primes⑥.
Category: Number Theory

[16] viXra:1910.0016 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-02 04:09:51

Mystery Surrounding Photon Momentum

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 58 Pages.

Physicists at Goethe University are now able to answer this question. To do so, they developed and constructed a new spectrometer with previously unattainable resolution. [33] Rice University physicist Qimiao Si began mapping quantum criticality more than a decade ago, and he's finally found a traveler that can traverse the final frontier. [32] Physicists studying the strange behavior of metal alloys called heavy fermions have made a surprising discovery that could be useful in safeguarding the information stored in quantum bits, or qubits, the basic units of encoded information in quantum computers. [31]
Category: Quantum Physics

[15] viXra:1910.0015 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-02 04:34:28

Insight into Photoelectric Effect

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 59 Pages.

In the long term, it is conceivable that this and other basic science knowledge on how atoms and molecules function will provide an opportunity to improve the way reactions are controlled in molecules, which in turn can pave the way for more effective chemistry. [34] Physicists at Goethe University are now able to answer this question. To do so, they developed and constructed a new spectrometer with previously unattainable resolution. [33] Rice University physicist Qimiao Si began mapping quantum criticality more than a decade ago, and he's finally found a traveler that can traverse the final frontier. [32] Physicists studying the strange behavior of metal alloys called heavy fermions have made a surprising discovery that could be useful in safeguarding the information stored in quantum bits, or qubits, the basic units of encoded information in quantum computers. [31] Properties of complex materials are often determined by the interplay of several electron properties. TU Wien (Vienna) has now succeeded in disentangling this mess. [30] Physicists have found "electron pairing," a hallmark feature of superconductivity, at temperatures and energies well above the critical threshold where superconductivity happens. [29] It was a three-hour nighttime road trip that capped off a journey begun seven years ago. [28] Discovered more than 100 years ago, superconductivity continues to captivate scientists who seek to develop components for highly efficient energy transmission, ultrafast electronics or quantum bits for next-generation computation. [27] One of the greatest mysteries in condensed matter physics is the exact relationship between charge order and superconductivity in cuprate superconductors. [26] Cuprates hold the record high superconducting temperature at ambient pressure so far, but understanding their superconducting mechanism remains one of the great challenges of physical sciences listed as one of 125 quests announced by Science. [25]
Category: Quantum Physics

[14] viXra:1910.0014 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-02 05:01:16

Quantum Foam Explain Cosmic Energy

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 60 Pages.

Steven Carlip, a physicist at the University of California, has come up with a theory to explain why empty space seems to be filled with a huge amount of energy-it may be hidden by effects that are canceling it out at the Planck scale. [35] In the long term, it is conceivable that this and other basic science knowledge on how atoms and molecules function will provide an opportunity to improve the way reactions are controlled in molecules, which in turn can pave the way for more effective chemistry. [34] Physicists at Goethe University are now able to answer this question. To do so, they developed and constructed a new spectrometer with previously unattainable resolution. [33] Rice University physicist Qimiao Si began mapping quantum criticality more than a decade ago, and he's finally found a traveler that can traverse the final frontier. [32] Physicists studying the strange behavior of metal alloys called heavy fermions have made a surprising discovery that could be useful in safeguarding the information stored in quantum bits, or qubits, the basic units of encoded information in quantum computers. [31] Properties of complex materials are often determined by the interplay of several electron properties. TU Wien (Vienna) has now succeeded in disentangling this mess. [30] Physicists have found "electron pairing," a hallmark feature of superconductivity, at temperatures and energies well above the critical threshold where superconductivity happens. [29] It was a three-hour nighttime road trip that capped off a journey begun seven years ago. [28] Discovered more than 100 years ago, superconductivity continues to captivate scientists who seek to develop components for highly efficient energy transmission, ultrafast electronics or quantum bits for next-generation computation. [27] One of the greatest mysteries in condensed matter physics is the exact relationship between charge order and superconductivity in cuprate superconductors. [26]
Category: Quantum Physics

[13] viXra:1910.0013 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-02 05:20:28

The Moon Indeed Moves By Gravity (II)

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 9 Pages.

-Masses Gravity Forces cause Earth Moon motion for its daily displacement (88000 km) -Without this motion – the moon should be separated from Earth during their motions course -Because Solar Planets Masses are created depending on each other – the masses forces which cause the moon daily displacement motion isn't Earth Mass -Instead – Mars Mass – in behalf of – the inner planets masses total – pushes Earth moon daily to move its displacement (88000 km). -The Moon Motion is a treasure through which many solar system geometrical concepts can be discovered among which:- o Solar System Relativistic Effects o Planets Masses Creation Dependency On Earth other o Mars motion interaction with Earth and Moon motions
Category: Astrophysics

[12] viXra:1910.0012 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-02 05:30:39

Metronome for Quantum Particles

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 61 Pages.

A new measurement protocol, developed at TU Wien (Vienna), makes it possible to measure the quantum phase of electrons-an important step for attosecond physics. [35] In the long term, it is conceivable that this and other basic science knowledge on how atoms and molecules function will provide an opportunity to improve the way reactions are controlled in molecules, which in turn can pave the way for more effective chemistry. [34] Physicists at Goethe University are now able to answer this question. To do so, they developed and constructed a new spectrometer with previously unattainable resolution. [33] Rice University physicist Qimiao Si began mapping quantum criticality more than a decade ago, and he's finally found a traveler that can traverse the final frontier. [32] Physicists studying the strange behavior of metal alloys called heavy fermions have made a surprising discovery that could be useful in safeguarding the information stored in quantum bits, or qubits, the basic units of encoded information in quantum computers. [31] Properties of complex materials are often determined by the interplay of several electron properties. TU Wien (Vienna) has now succeeded in disentangling this mess. [30] Physicists have found "electron pairing," a hallmark feature of superconductivity, at temperatures and energies well above the critical threshold where superconductivity happens. [29] It was a three-hour nighttime road trip that capped off a journey begun seven years ago. [28] Discovered more than 100 years ago, superconductivity continues to captivate scientists who seek to develop components for highly efficient energy transmission, ultrafast electronics or quantum bits for next-generation computation. [27] One of the greatest mysteries in condensed matter physics is the exact relationship between charge order and superconductivity in cuprate superconductors. [26] Cuprates hold the record high superconducting temperature at ambient pressure so far, but understanding their superconducting mechanism remains one of the great challenges of physical sciences listed as one of 125 quests announced by Science. [25]
Category: Quantum Physics

[11] viXra:1910.0011 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-02 05:57:25

Atomically Thin Magnetic Materials

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 62 Pages.

Researchers led by MIT Department of Physics Professor Pablo Jarillo-Herrero last year showed that rotating layers of hexagonally structured graphene at a particular "magic angle" could change the material's electronic properties from an insulating state to a superconducting state. [38] Scientists at the University of Hong Kong and Hunan Normal University showed that, in homobilayer transition metal dichalcogenides, the real-space Berry phase from moiré patterns manifests as a periodic magnetic field. [37] In a paper published today in Nature's NPJ Quantum Information, Omar Magaña-Loaiza, assistant professor in the Louisiana State University (LSU) Department of Physics & Astronomy, and his team of researchers describe a noteworthy step forward in the quantum manipulation and control of light, which has far-reaching quantum technology applications in imaging, simulation, metrology, computation, communication, and cryptography, among other areas. [36]
Category: Condensed Matter

[10] viXra:1910.0010 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-01 00:29:05

Technical Work Report

Authors: Fayowole David Ayadi
Comments: 29 Pages. Some data and information were deliberately left out because of organization policy.

I observed my Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme at Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research (NISER), Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. During my SIWES, I was able to learn how to make use of some complex statistical (computational) packages in coding and analyses of data, either primary data or secondary data. And I also learned how to interpret analyzed data for end users. Furthermore, I saw the practical applications of Mathematics to solve problems in organizations, companies and some other subsidiary institutes. The research institute enabled me to bridge the gap between theory and practical.
Category: Education and Didactics

[9] viXra:1910.0009 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-01 01:35:41

[ Python Metaprogramming+Z3Py-Python Theorem Prover+ImageAI ] in the Context of Radiation Oncology & [ IoT/HPC ]- High Performance Computing Heterogeneous Informatics R&D – An Interesting Insight into the World of Metaprogramming Concepts

Authors: Nirmal Tej Kumar
Comments: 3 Pages. Short Communication-Review

[ Python Metaprogramming+Z3Py-Python Theorem Prover+ImageAI ] in the Context of Radiation Oncology & [ IoT/HPC ]- High Performance Computing Heterogeneous Informatics R&D – An Interesting Insight into the World of Metaprogramming Concepts With a Useful Review. [ Exploring Metaprogramming+AI to Probe Complex Design Patterns Next Generation Medical Software R&D ]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[8] viXra:1910.0008 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-01 03:19:36

Borophene Atomic Skin on Silver

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 47 Pages.

Borophene has a nearly perfect partner in a form of silver that could help the trendy two-dimensional material grow to unheard-of lengths. [30] To investigate how to connect these to 3-D electronics, University of Groningen physicist Dr. Kumar Sourav Das created curved spin transport channels. [29] Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) researchers are working to make better electronic devices by delving into the way nanocrystals are arranged inside of them. [28] Self-assembly and crystallisation of nanoparticles (NPs) is generally a complex process, based on the evaporation or precipitation of NP-building blocks. [27] New nanoparticle-based films that are more than 80 times thinner than a human hair may help to fill this need by providing materials that can holographically archive more than 1000 times more data than a DVD in a 10-by-10-centimeter piece of film. [26] Researches of scientists from South Ural State University are implemented within this area. [25] Following three years of extensive research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HU) physicist Dr. Uriel Levy and his team have created technology that will enable computers and all optic communication devices to run 100 times faster through terahertz microchips. [24] When the energy efficiency of electronics poses a challenge, magnetic materials may have a solution. [23]
Category: Condensed Matter

[7] viXra:1910.0007 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-01 04:31:41

Quantum Material Criticality

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 57 Pages.

Rice University physicist Qimiao Si began mapping quantum criticality more than a decade ago, and he's finally found a traveler that can traverse the final frontier. [32] Physicists studying the strange behavior of metal alloys called heavy fermions have made a surprising discovery that could be useful in safeguarding the information stored in quantum bits, or qubits, the basic units of encoded information in quantum computers. [31] Properties of complex materials are often determined by the interplay of several electron properties. TU Wien (Vienna) has now succeeded in disentangling this mess. [30] Physicists have found "electron pairing," a hallmark feature of superconductivity, at temperatures and energies well above the critical threshold where superconductivity happens. [29] It was a three-hour nighttime road trip that capped off a journey begun seven years ago. [28] Discovered more than 100 years ago, superconductivity continues to captivate scientists who seek to develop components for highly efficient energy transmission, ultrafast electronics or quantum bits for next-generation computation. [27] One of the greatest mysteries in condensed matter physics is the exact relationship between charge order and superconductivity in cuprate superconductors. [26]
Category: Quantum Physics

[6] viXra:1910.0006 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-01 05:26:10

Laser-Textured Gold Film Sensor

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 45 Pages.

Scientists at Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU) with colleagues from Russia, Japan, and Australia have developed a multipurpose sensor based on a specially designed gold film, the surface of which contains millions of parabolic nanoantennas produced by femtosecond laser printing. [30] To investigate how to connect these to 3-D electronics, University of Groningen physicist Dr. Kumar Sourav Das created curved spin transport channels. [29] Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) researchers are working to make better electronic devices by delving into the way nanocrystals are arranged inside of them. [28] Self-assembly and crystallisation of nanoparticles (NPs) is generally a complex process, based on the evaporation or precipitation of NP-building blocks. [27] New nanoparticle-based films that are more than 80 times thinner than a human hair may help to fill this need by providing materials that can holographically archive more than 1000 times more data than a DVD in a 10-by-10-centimeter piece of film. [26] Researches of scientists from South Ural State University are implemented within this area. [25] Following three years of extensive research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HU) physicist Dr. Uriel Levy and his team have created technology that will enable computers and all optic communication devices to run 100 times faster through terahertz microchips. [24] When the energy efficiency of electronics poses a challenge, magnetic materials may have a solution. [23]
Category: Condensed Matter

[5] viXra:1910.0005 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-01 06:32:10

Space and Time in the Universe

Authors: Belykh S.A.
Comments: 1 Page. Белых С.А., Планковская физика/ Рязань: «Зеленые острова», 2008 г., 2-е изд. – 89 с.: ISBN 5-85106-028-5

An approach to the laws of Nature in the language of geometry gave an outlet to a point with constant parameters, which is the intersection of two lines - the line of quanta of the electromagnetic field and the line of black holes, and the continuation of the geometric construction made it possible to determine the dimensionality of time and other physical quantities.
Category: Astrophysics

[4] viXra:1910.0004 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-01 06:43:47

Graphene's 3D Nature

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 77 Pages.

Contrary to what is believed, monolayer graphene (a sheet of carbon just one atomic layer thick) has 3D mechanical properties and they can now be properly measured and meaningfully described thanks to high-pressure Raman spectra measurements on the material. [47] The team has turned graphene oxide (GO) into a soft, moldable and kneadable play dough that can be shaped and reshaped into free-standing, three-dimensional structures. [46] A team of researchers based at The University of Manchester have found a low cost method for producing graphene printed electronics, which significantly speeds up and reduces the cost of conductive graphene inks. [45]
Category: Condensed Matter

[3] viXra:1910.0003 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-01 06:52:40

Silicon with Graphene and 2-D Materials

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 78 Pages.

Now, graphene and related two-dimensional (2-D) materials offer prospects for unprecedented advances in device performance at the atomic limit. [48] Contrary to what is believed, monolayer graphene (a sheet of carbon just one atomic layer thick) has 3D mechanical properties and they can now be properly measured and meaningfully described thanks to high-pressure Raman spectra measurements on the material. [47] The team has turned graphene oxide (GO) into a soft, moldable and kneadable play dough that can be shaped and reshaped into free-standing, three-dimensional structures. [46]
Category: Condensed Matter

[2] viXra:1910.0002 [pdf] replaced on 2020-02-28 08:10:34

Global Warming Due to Albedo & Hydro-Hotspots Humidity Forcing Conflicts with CO2 Theory and A Lack of IPCC Albedo Goals

Authors: Alec Feinberg
Comments: 16 Pages.

Understanding root causes is always needed to find proper solutions. In climate change, we must ask, what has historically changed? Besides CO2, we have a change in the specific and relative humidity, slight decrease in land albedo, and yearly growth of Hydro-HotSpots (HHS). We denote hydro-hotspot as water evaporation and bulk heating from low albedo manmade type roads and cities surfaces (often called urban heat islands), including cars and engine hoods. This includes both Highly Evaporating Surfaces (HES) and bulk warm waste Rain Water Management (RWM) where billions of gallons of water is into rivers and the ocean each year causing numerous concerns. This is Humidity Forcing (HF) related to albedo forcing and the creation of HHS. Most significant is land albedo forcing. Modeling provided are in agreement with other authors that albedo forcing due to cities and roads are a major effect on global warming. This also feeds most of the HHS. We show in this article that such surfaces, while seemingly covering only about 1% of the Earth, can have very large effective solar and evaporation areas many times the size of the HES and RWM area itself compared with higher albedo absorbing vegetative areas that also include transpiration. This is significant since water vapor is a potent GreenHouse (GH) gas. City surfaces can prove to be enormous when tall buildings are considered. In addition, active hydro-hotspots will decrease relative humidity while increasing specific humidity. We are able to estimate the large percentage of global warming contribution due to albedo and humidity HHS forcing compared to CO2 increase. This leads to the conclusion that changing the albedo of cities and roads is a main solution to global warming. This paper, then points to numerous concerns including the lack of IPCC albedo goals for cities and roads. Specifically, it is concluded that there is not enough proof that CO2 goals will be enough to stop global warming trends in light of the complex influences on global warming from Cities and Roads.
Category: Climate Research

[1] viXra:1910.0001 [pdf] submitted on 2019-10-01 09:05:07

The Moon Indeed Moves by Gravity

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 3 Pages.

The Moon indeed moves by Gravity Abstract In great pleasure we send the best greetings to the Great Scientist Isaac Newton – who enlightened the human knowledge by his perspicacious science Earth Moon Motion Features -The Solar System is a theater of puppets – puppets move by outer force- which cause their motion -The solar planets move together in one unified motion as a train moves with all its carriages (a planet = a carriage) (The Train Motion Concept) -The matter creation depends on relativistic effects found in the solar system -Earth moon moves daily a distance = 2.58 mkm= Earth Motion Distance Daily (otherwise they will be separated from each other) -The solar system relativistic effects causes the moon daily motion (2.58mkm) to be contracted (2.41 mkm) – and by such way the moon actual motion daily be shorter than Earth Daily Motion Distance which may cause their separation -Masses Gravity forces attract the moon to Earth forcing him to move daily 88000 km – as additional distance to his original one (2.58 mkm daily) which is contracted by relativistic contraction to be (2.41 mkm daily) -The solar system geometrical mechanism uses the moon motion (88000 km) (Moon Displacement daily) to produce the required distance (2 x 88000 km) -2.41 mkm + 2 x 88000 km = 2.58 mkm this is the moon final motion which keeps the moon moving with Earth.
Category: Astrophysics