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[32] viXra:2611.0032 [pdf] submitted on 2026-11-11 10:23:30
Authors: Bernard Riley
Comments: 10 pages, 6 figures
The values of pairs of related physical quantities are shown to arise in the judgement of one person, the first cogniser, in the union of observation and concept. An expression of each value is observed and, using an original method, its numerical value is mapped, by a mathematical function deemed appropriate, to an explanatory rational number that both indicates the significance of the physical quantity and establishes its value. If the physical quantity is considered to be significant the explanatory number will take a rational value of low denomination. If the quantity is considered to be of great significance the explanatory number will take a special integer or half-integer value. Having been explained with sound judgement, the value of the physical quantity is what anyone will experience on observation. By the use of two mapping functions, the numerical values of significant quantities deemed to be paired are mapped to closely coincident special integers or half-integers. Mathematical relationships established between the values of quantities reflect the thinking of the observer. Fundamental particle and atomic quantities are judged in Planck units. Astronomical and cosmological quantities are judged in SI units.
Category: Classical Physics
[31] viXra:2611.0031 [pdf] submitted on 2026-11-11 21:18:15
Authors: Andrey V. Voron
Comments: 13 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Further repetition will not be accepted!)
This paper investigates the microarchitectural principles and technological prospects of designing a fundamentally new class of computing devices — a hybrid fault-tolerant neuromorphic processor. The feasibility of deep hardware integration of the New Fibonacci Numeral System (NFNS) and the Scaled Bergman Numeral System (SBNS) on a single semiconductor die is substantiated. It is demonstrated that due to the identical nature of their underlying mathematical principles (representation of weights via fractions, Fibonacci confluent/convoluted rules), both systems can share up to 85—90% of the physical area of the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and utilize a unified hardware parity filter. A mechanism for dynamic on-the-fly switching of the computational basis within a single clock cycle via a configuration register depending on the specific application task is described. A technological forecast is formulated, according to which the integer NFNS mode ensures noise immunity and error control (bit-flips) in critical discrete environments (aerospace, cryptography), while the SBNS mode, leveraging the Truncation Symmetry Theorem, eliminates the accumulation of rounding errors and optimizes the bit-width of the significant register mantissa, serving as an ideal foundation for neuromorphic AI accelerators.
Category: Data Structures and Algorithms
[30] viXra:2611.0030 [pdf] submitted on 2026-11-11 18:41:06
Authors: Carles UDINA i COBO
Comments: 12 Pages.
Science stems from human curiosity. ‘Why and how do objects (such as an apple) fall?’ is a question that has been answered for three and a half centuries, yet it continues to be quoted and repeated everywhere. In contrast, however, we shall look at other important questions that modern science does not know the answer to. Or worse still, that it ignores.The Nobel Prize in Medicine (2026) has just been awarded to three researchers who have developed a technique known as ‘optogenetics’. Yet nobody seems to care to find out why synapses, which have existed in chordates for hundreds of millions of years, also respond to external signals received via a modern LASER. Surprising, isn't it? Furthermore, when it comes to synapses, discovered over 100 years ago, neurologists are still unable to determine exactly how and why they function of their own. What is more, the responses lies in the common solution to two other questions of the utmost importance.0) The aforementioned functioning of synapses, I emphasise, a mechanism that has been sought but remained a mystery for more than 100 years, which is resolved in [1].1) The process of consciousness-raising, one of the 25 major questions science has yet to resolve, and more specifically its delay and the difficulty in its emergence, which is resolved in [2].2) To something even more profound and equally unknown: the ‘miraculous’ hatching of language in children, language being the indispensable foundation of human socialisation and culture, which is addressed in [1].Three phenomena that share an unexpected common explanation: associated virtual information. And which, also explains why optogenetics can exist. An explanation which, if known, would in turn facilitate the improvement of this technology, which currently advances through trial and error, precisely because the reason for its feasibility remains unknown.A fourfold explanation (3 +1 =4) that will require the reader to read only the four pages that follow. But, this is based on two articles [1] and [2], which provide a detailed explanation of three significant issues: synapses, the development of consciousness-raising, and the miraculous emergence of language in children. Furthermore, the fact that all of this can be addressed in just around 150 pages is as striking as the unexpected discovery of a single, unifying solution, for all these questions ("Ockham’s Razor" principle).All of this is possible if the importance and power of the underlying information are recognized and accepted, rather than continuing to be ignored. It requires looking beyond merely the material aspects or the perceptible effects governed by this information. In these four cases, what lies beneath are the symbolic systems of symbolic support, characteristic of psychic information.Today, the importance of information is beyond question; it already enables us to simulate absolutely anything. Yet science still overlooks it as an ultimate and omnipresent cause. There is no trick to it: information and its virtual nature are the ‘wild card’ for all sciences. Without it, nothing would be possible. Nor nothing would it be comprehensible to humankind. We must not delude ourselves into thinking that information is a human discovery; we have merely incorporated it, recycling, what has always existed.
Category: Mind Science
[29] viXra:2611.0029 [pdf] submitted on 2026-11-11 21:15:29
Authors: Clark M. Thomas
Comments: 5 Pages.
The zeptometer linear dimension is between our arbitrary zeropoint position on the linear metric size scale, and the Planck dimensions starting below negative 35 meters. At the negative 21 linear dimension the zeptometer region appears to be "halfway" to the quantum world entry level, only if you discountexponentiality. The zeptometer dimension at one sextillionth of one meter has just been reached with the Large Hadron Collider. Scientists hope this recent progress will help them understand elusive dark energy, dark matter, and black holes.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[28] viXra:2611.0028 [pdf] submitted on 2026-11-10 00:51:08
Authors: Tianjiao Wang
Comments: 12 Pages.
Prognostic transcriptomic signatures are commonly evaluated in bulk tumour tissue, where measured expression reflects malignant cells together with stromal and immune compartments. Tumour purity may therefore be associated with both a signature score and survival, complicating the interpretation of an unadjusted prognostic coefficient. We conducted a pan-cancer audit of published prognostic transcriptomic signatures across 12 The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohorts, examining how purity adjustment changes their associations with overall survival. The inventory comprised54 eligible published signatures, six reference gene sets, and two additional published signatures excluded for insufficient gene coverage. One included ovarian lncRNA signature could not be scored in its intended cohort because a component gene had zero variance,yielding 53 published signatures and six reference sets (59 distinct scored sets) across 129 signature—cohort pairs. The primary analysisincluded 5,417 patients and 1,939 deaths. After false-discovery-rate correction, 97 of 129 pairs showed an association between signature score and ABSOLUTE purity. The median absolute coefficient change after purity adjustment was 0.022; four pairs were classified as attenuated, 13 as amplified, and 112 as not distinguishablefrom zero. All four attenuated pairs were reference sets rather than published prognostic signatures. The magnitude and classificationof coefficient changes varied across purity estimators, highlighting the importance of estimator choice when evaluating prognostictranscriptomic signatures. These findings describe conditional associations and do not imply a causal effect of tumour purity.
Category: Quantitative Biology
[27] viXra:2611.0027 [pdf] submitted on 2026-11-08 22:32:23
Authors: Mykola Kosinov
Comments: 7 Pages.
As a mathematical justification of Mach's principle, we present a system of cosmological equations that combines the parameters of the Universe and fundamental physical constants. The equations included in the system of cosmological equations were derived independently and at different times by famous scientists: Schrödinger, Blackley, Milne, Hoyle and existed in a scattered form. The system of cosmological equations, formed on the basis of Mach's principle, allows us to derive mathematically the parameters of the observable Universe with an accuracy close to the accuracy of the gravitational constant G. This translates Mach's philosophical principle about the connection between the Universe and the microworld onto a rigorous mathematical basis. The system of cosmological equations gives the following roots (parameters of the observable Universe): mass: Mu = 1.15348u2026 u202210^53 kg; radius: Ru = 0.856594u2026u202210^26 m; time: Tu = 2.85729u2026 u202210^17 s; acceleration: Ao = 10.4922u202210^-10 m/s^2, Hubble parameter H0 = 1.74991х 10^-18 s-1 (53.9967 km/s/Mpc). The derived values of the parameters of the observable Universe confirm with high accuracy the connection between the Universe and the microworld formulated by Mach. The mathematical substantiation of Mach's principle showed that the parameters of the Universe are directly related to the parameters of the fundamental object of the microworld - the ELECTRON. Mach's principle turned out to be much deeper: not only are the inertial properties of any body determined by its interaction with the entire Universe, but the parameters of the Universe themselves are directly related to the fundamental constants of the microworld.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[26] viXra:2611.0026 [pdf] submitted on 2026-11-08 22:27:16
Authors: Quang Ha Ngo
Comments: 35 Pages. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.24056349
The classical Lorentz transformation provides the mathematical framework for Minkowski spacetime symmetries; however, its operational derivation implicitly assumes that space and time exhibit identical symmetric projections. This paper proposes a comprehensive, dual-pathway formulation to address the structural paradoxes within special relativity. First, by analyzing the impact of signal propagation latency on measurements across distinct inertial frames, time is decomposed into four separate operational parameters. Based on this temporal distinction, we reconstruct a new Lorentz transformation characterized by a spatial scaling factor of k=1, thereby fully preserving the principle of relativity and the invariant constancy of the speed of light c. This formulation is geometrized through a novel, localized time cone architecture that moves alongside the observers, demonstrating how equiangular coordinate axis rotation structurally ensures exact reciprocity. Second, to address the principle of relativity within a broader context, this framework is extended by relaxing its absolute validity at extreme scales. This alternative pathway introduces a static four-dimensional spacetime background field to account for the physical origins of length contraction and time dilation. Within this field-theoretic approach, the traditional Lorentz transformation is recovered not as an invariant kinematic symmetry, but as a dynamical consequence of vacuum field resistance acting upon moving excitations. Ultimately, evaluating the application of field theory to explain the operational principles of special relativity requires a rigorous, case-by-case analysis to achieve an objective theoretical conclusion.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[25] viXra:2611.0025 [pdf] submitted on 2026-11-08 22:23:33
Authors: Anam Sajjad, M. Yousaf
Comments: 13 Pages. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.24054373; CC-BY 4.0 (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)
Developing economies frequently attribute macroeconomic instability and infrastructure deficits to natural resource scarcity. This study evaluates that claim in Pakistan by comparing physical resource endowments with actual developmental outcomes across three core sectors: energy, water, and human capital. We combine political economy frameworks—specifically institutional quality, contractual lock-in, and common-pool resources—with practical software and data engineering perspectives, including automated metering, telemetry, and open digital infrastructure. In the energy sector, although the Thar coalfield holds 175.5 billion tonnes of in-situ lignite, commercially proven measured deposits stand at only 2.70 billion tonnes. Meanwhile, rigid take-or-pay sovereign contracts have pushed annual capacity payments past Rs 2.18 trillion, driving total energy circular debt to Rs 5.286 trillion. In the water sector, the 16.2 million hectare Indus Basin Irrigation System delivers over 90% of national food production but maintains live reservoir storage of merely 13.168 million acre-feet (MAF)—a 30-day carryover buffer compared to 120—220 days in India and 1,000 days in Egypt—worsened by 64% canal conveyance losses. Demographically, 67% of Pakistan's 241.49 million citizens are under age 30, but sovereign debt servicing absorbs 81% of net federal tax revenues, crowding out human capital investments. We formulate a practical, quad-pillar governance model: centralized public execution dashboards, independent forensic audits of sovereign power contracts, real-time smart-meter telemetry for feeders and canal headworks, and regulatory facilitation for digital service exporters. Institutional transparency and verifiable data accountability are the essential preconditions for sustainable economic stability.
Category: Economics and Finance
[24] viXra:2611.0024 [pdf] submitted on 2026-11-08 21:43:37
Authors: Roger L. Mc Murtrie
Comments: 6 Pages.
This article derives an expression for an inequality relating the expectation values of the products of expectation values for pairs of three expectation values that gives theoretically correct results.
Category: Quantum Physics
[23] viXra:2611.0023 [pdf] submitted on 2026-11-07 23:58:02
Authors: Osama Haggag
Comments: 6 Pages. 10.5281/zenodo.24022407 (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)
We present a field-theoretic framework establishing the Photo-Inertial Effect (PIE), wherein the effective inertial mass of a localized matter wave is dynamically tuned via resonant electromagnetic gauge-phase coupling. Building upon the self-contained framework of covariant quantum clock fields, we model massive particles as extended quantum clocks cycling at their characteristic Compton frequency. We provide physical justification for transforming the canonical Hamiltonian energy partition into an active conservation law. Crucially, we resolve the central theoretical question of why resonant matter waves preferentially undergo coherent mass translation over standard quantum electrodynamic (QED) scattering. We prove that local gauge invariance renders linear phase-gradient coupling mathematically mandatory. While standard quantum electrodynamics erases this interaction under point-particle scattering approximations, Compton resonance converts it into a global parametric drive. Because phase gradients and spatial position are canonically dual, preserving fiber bundle integrability compels the wavepacket core to translate coherently rather than undergo decohering scattering. This suppresses effective inertial resistance toward zero and establishes a testable, parameter-free framework.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[22] viXra:2611.0022 [pdf] submitted on 2026-11-07 23:49:41
Authors: Osvaldo F. Schilling
Comments: 16 Pages.
The analysis of tabulated data for all baryons of the octet and decuplet reveals that, due to quantum interference of closed current paths in the femtometer scale: The masses of spin ½ baryons, in proton mass-units, are simple periodic functions of their magnetic moments, in nuclear magneton-units. The analysis shows that currents have either a simple ring form ( the neutron case) or a closed winding shape( the proton case), depending on the amount of magnetic flux enclosed/linked by the current. We argue that the stability of the proton is promoted by this particle winding currents ability to enclose/link a total integer (three) number of magnetic flux quanta, something not achieved by the neutron in a planar ring current path, which only links but does not enclose enough flux.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[21] viXra:2611.0021 [pdf] submitted on 2026-11-07 16:40:00
Authors: Fishel Bloom
Comments: 5 Pages.
For integers n = 0 through 9, the mapping f(n) = √n/2 − n/2 + 2 yields algebraic values that invite comparisons across geometry, numerical analysis, quantum physics, structural mechanics, and crystallography, including quasi-crystalline tilings. Examples include the inverse golden ratio, the ideal tetrahedral interstitial radius ratio, and a coefficient in Gill’s fourth-order Runge—Kutta method. The proposed cantilever-deflection interpretation is a speculative physical hypothesis; throughout, exact identities are distinguished from geometric comparisons and physical hypotheses.
Category: Mathematical Physics
[20] viXra:2611.0020 [pdf] submitted on 2026-11-06 21:25:15
Authors: Igor Avrutskiy
Comments: 11 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)
This essay explores the fundamental contradiction between the biological evolutionary mechanisms that forged human intelligence and the ethical foundations of modern civilization. The author posits that human intellect has exceeded the immediate demands of biological survival, creating a rift between biological modification and civilizational progress. Under current Holocene conditions, natural selection no longer rewards high cognitive traits, threatening a gradual, unnoticed cognitive decline—a trajectory historically illustrated by Homo floresiensis. Furthermore, the engineering limitations of the biological body, particularly its vulnerability to cosmic radiation, impose a definitive ceiling on space expansion, offering a novel resolution to the Fermi Paradox. The essay argues that the long-term preservation of intelligence requires a deliberate transition to non-biological substrates capable of serving as carriers of the mind—substrates for which artificial intelligence and neural interfaces can be seen as the first precursors. This shift represents a new stage of existential responsibility and the sole pathway to liberate intellect from biological constraints, allowing the future evolution of the mind to transcend current human comprehension.
Category: Mind Science
[19] viXra:2611.0019 [pdf] submitted on 2026-11-06 21:24:53
Authors: Ali Rıza Şahin
Comments: 13 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)
This paper establishes a rigorous real-analytic and geometric framework governing the distribution of the non-trivial zeros of the Dirichlet eta function $eta(s)$ across the critical strip $mathcal{S} = {s in mathbb{C} : 0 < Re(s) < 1}$. Diverging from traditional statistical and global zero-density bounds, we introduce a localized, deterministic algebraic mechanism defined as textit{Trigonometric Annihilation}. By decomposing $eta(s)$ into its strictly positive, monotonic real-axis baseline profile $eta(sigma)$ and two conditionally convergent, alternating quadratic half-angle residual series, we demonstrate that the vanishing of the real part at any exact root mathematically forces the underlying sine and cosine summation values into absolute scalar parity. This dual equilibrium inherently triggers the universal Pythagorean identity ($sin^2 theta + cos^2 theta = 1$) across the conditionally convergent series, entirely neutralizing the highly oscillatory complex frequency variable $t_0$. The most profound consequence of this annihilation is the textit{monotonic transformation} of the dynamic differences. Deprived of all dynamic oscillatory elasticity, the residual series irreversibly freeze onto the static real baseline. Consequently, the highly malleable dynamic differences $Delta S_{mathrm{Re}}$ and $Delta S_{mathrm{Im}}$ are structurally forced to inherit the strict monotonicity of the static disparity function $A(sigma) = eta(sigma) - eta(1-sigma)$. Under functional reflection symmetry, any hypothetical off-line zero must simultaneously satisfy $A(sigma_0) = Delta S_{mathrm{Re}} = Delta S_{mathrm{Im}}$. However, because Trigonometric Annihilation forces the $Delta S$ parameters to become strictly monotonic, they absolutely lose the geometric elasticity required to bridge the expanding static gap $A(sigma) eq 0$. Furthermore, to definitively resolve the Davenport-Heilbronn obstruction, we directly link this geometric rigidity to the arithmetic distribution of primes via the Euler product and the von Mangoldt function. This absolute monotonic constraint dictates that the dynamically frozen series can only satisfy the functional reflection condition if they simultaneously vanish at the unique geometric origin ($A=0$). Thus, the existence of non-trivial zeros off the critical line is reduced from a probabilistic density inquiry to a deterministic structural contradiction, unconditionally confining all non-trivial zeros to the critical line $Re(s) = 1/2$.
Category: Number Theory
[18] viXra:2611.0018 [pdf] submitted on 2026-11-06 21:13:51
Authors: Ahmed Ali
Comments: 5 Pages.
We consider an SU(3)dark gauge theory with three flavours of heavy dark quarks of mass M_Q ∼ 10^13—10^15 GeV, neutral under all Standard Model gauge groups. The theory is assumed to undergo a first-order confinement transition at T_c^dark ≈ 10^15 GeV—a phenomenological input, not a first-principles result, carrying a ±50% theoretical uncertainty from the bag-model approximation in analogy with the Columbia-plot first-order region of QCD at heavy quark masses. We compute the resulting stochastic gravitational-wave (GW) background, finding that acoustic sound waves dominate by two orders of magnitude over bubble collisions and magnetohydrodynamic turbulence after the finite sound-wave lifetime suppression Υ ≈ 0.05 is applied. At the benchmark parameters—latent heat fraction α_PT = 0.1, dimensionless inverse transition duration β/H* = 100, and bubble wall velocity v_w = 0.8—the composite peak falls at f_* ≈ 1.65 mHz with Ω_GW^peak h^2 ≈ 10^(-8), and the sub-peak slope Ω_GW ∝ f^3 follows from causality independently of the phase-transition parameters. Under the assumption that the signal is present and that LISA achieves its projected sensitivity, four years of observation would yield a signal-to-noise ratio SNR ≈ 8.5, with a ±18% systematic uncertainty from the sound-wave lifetime calibration already absorbed into the quoted value. A Fisher analysis suggests that the peak frequency and amplitude could be recovered to approximately 15% and 25% respectively, which would constrain the dark confinement scale Λ_dark to within a factor of two—assuming the one-loop dimensional-transmutation relation holds. We note that pulsar-timing arrays, CMB spectral distortions, and direct-detection searches test the same parameter space from different directions; whether they can be combined into a joint exclusion is a question we leave to future work.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[17] viXra:2611.0017 [pdf] submitted on 2026-11-05 21:23:27
Authors: Andrey V. Voron
Comments: 5 Pages.
The paper examines the algorithmic specifics of performing basic arithmetic operations in the Scaled Bergman Number System (SBNS) with a fixed weight scale factor of k = 0.2. The mechanisms for implementing linear operations (addition and subtraction) are analyzed, and the specific hardware phases for executing non-linear operations — multiplication and division under conditions of a scaled basis shift — are decomposed and described in detail. Using a concrete example of bitwise numerical multiplication, the operation of a two-phase arithmetic logic unit (ALU) utilizing a cyclic multiplier by a constant of 5 for scale code correction is demonstrated. A three-stage division cycle is described that employs a hardware parity filter to eliminate redundancy and ensure a fast, unambiguous bitwise comparison operation.
Category: Data Structures and Algorithms
[16] viXra:2611.0016 [pdf] submitted on 2026-11-05 17:34:05
Authors: Ryan Hackbarth
Comments: 16 Pages.
We investigate the complex geometry and Eulerian Beta--Gamma arc-length parameterization of the normalized Dirichlet eta terms. Whereas individual terms on the critical line undergo a nearly sixfold modulus oscillation driven by the Euler prefactor, the two-term partial sum $S_2(s) = t_1(s) + t_2(s)$ traces an exact M"obius circle for every fixed $sigma = operatorname{Re}(s) eq 1$; this circle is centered at the origin if and only if $operatorname{Re}(s) = 1/2$, where it reduces to a scaled Blaschke factor of constant radius. Factoring across odd--even dyadic pairs $P_m(s) = t_m(s) + t_{2m}(s)$ eliminates prefactor amplitude oscillations entirely, collapsing precessing annular rosettes into concentric origin-centered circles on the critical line with strictly decreasing radii. Removing all odd--even pairs leaves the complementary multiples-of-$4$ terms. We prove that on the critical line, the anchor term $t_4(s)$ traces an exact Lemniscate of Bernoulli with foci at $0$ and $1$ (uniquely for $operatorname{Re}(s) = 1/2$), pure powers of $2$ trace closed periodic multi-loop rational curves, and non-powers of $2$ trace precessing lemniscate rosettes. Meanwhile, the dyadic differences $D_{4m}(s) = t_{4m}(s) - t_{8m}(s)$ collapse both families into exact origin-centered circles, partitioning the series termwise and decomposing $zeta(s)$ via analytic continuation. Finally, we establish a pointwise velocity--modulus duality linking the central polar angle $alpha(b)$ of $t_4(1/2 + ib)$ to its fundamental perimeter $L(t_4)$, thereby parameterizing every individual term $t_n(s)$ and every concentric dyadic circle on the critical line in terms of the regularized inverse incomplete Beta function. As a geometric consequence, critical-line zeros are reframed as ordinates $b$ where the resultant of the inner concentric circles lands on the antipode of the initial circle of constant radius.
Category: Number Theory
[15] viXra:2611.0015 [pdf] replaced on 2026-11-10 00:58:14
Authors: Enrique Domínguez Pinos
Comments: 25 Pages. In Spanish
Tests of the Riemann hypothesis from various perspectives.
Category: Functions and Analysis
[14] viXra:2611.0014 [pdf] submitted on 2026-11-03 21:49:29
Authors: Ulrich Brosinsky
Comments: 18 Pages. In English & German (Note by viXra Admin: Please cite and list scientific references)
In Newton’s world view, the passage of time is an unquestionable fact. Einstein abandoned Newton’s concept of absolute time in his Special Theory of Relativity, which requires a shift in perspective regarding the passage of time. A model is presented here that provides a complete description within the framework of the Special Theory of Relativity. A contribution to this is a mathematical justification of why time can only progress in one direction. It is based on a comparison of trigonometric functions with their hyperbolic counterparts. The assumption that the possibility of representing time in the form of a block universe proves a predetermined future is refuted, and the evolution of the block universe is described. With this description, the problem of the physical indescribability of the ‘now’ no longer arises.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[13] viXra:2611.0013 [pdf] submitted on 2026-11-03 08:06:45
Authors: Holger Döring
Comments: 4 Pages.
Investigated is a classical field-theoretic framework in which a real gauge-singlet scalar field modulates the kinetic terms of the three gauge sectors of the Standard Model. The proposed interaction is described by field-dependent functions multiplying the kinetic invariants of U(1)_gamma,SU(2)_L and SU(3)_C. Derived are the coupled scalar and gauge-field equations and identified are basic consistency requirements, including positive kinetic coefficients, a bounded scalar potential, gauge invariance, and a well- defined effective-field-theory regime.A double-well scalar potential provides a simple setting in which domain-wall configurations can arise. However, a closed spherical wall is not automatically stable. Therefore is distinguished the existence of domain-wall solutions from the more demanding requirements of finite-energy spherical configurations, energetic stability, and suppression of gauge-field penetration. The framework establishes a starting point for investigating whether a shared scalar configuration can dynamically modify gauge-field propagation across several interaction sectors. The existence and stability of such configurations, as well as their phenomenological viability, remain open questions.
Category: Quantum Physics
[12] viXra:2611.0012 [pdf] replaced on 2026-11-06 17:39:38
Authors: Volker W. Thürey
Comments: 9 Pages.
The foundation of this paper is the generation of all life by evolution. Based on this assumption, everything has to be compatible with Darwin's theory.I discuss some issues that concern living beings and ask some rhetorical questions. The answers are provided through speculations. I present arguments for evolution and some general thoughts. I show that certain properties of living beings are compatible with evolution. Except for those in the chapter 'Homosexuality' all arguments are my own ideas. All points are only personal views.
Category: General Science and Philosophy
[11] viXra:2611.0011 [pdf] submitted on 2026-11-03 11:10:18
Authors: Xincai Luo
Comments: 14 Pages. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.23898588
We present a first-principles derivation of the Higgs boson mass, electroweak coupling constants, strong coupling constant, and Newtonian gravitational constant, based on our fundamental particle spin model. We demonstrate that the spin angular momenta of fundamental particles arise from the circular motion of their fundamental charges (FCs). The reduced energy generated by the interactions of the FCs in a fundamental particle spread out as wave with wavelength equivalent to the speed of light divided by the frequency of the circular motion. While the motion of the FCs in a fundamental particle that generates the spin angular momentum is circular, the corresponding wave propagation is linear. For the linear distance of this wave to equal the diameter of the interaction sphere, the system's energy must be multiplied by π. In the case of the weak interaction, this energy corresponds to the sum of the rest energies of the W+, W-, and Z0 bosons that mediate the interaction, the vacuum expectation value, or twice the rest energy of a Higgs boson. This provides a theoretical foundation for the non-zero vacuum expectation value of the Higgs field and yields equations for the electroweak coupling constants and the Higgs boson mass, allowing their derivation without relying on experimental data. For the strong interaction, the system's energy is π times the energy of a quark within a charged pion. Based on this energy, we determine the strong coupling constant at zero momentum transfer, quantitatively explaining the large difference in strength between the electromagnetic and strong interactions. For gravity, we derive the gravitational constant from the relative magnitudes of fundamental particle masses. The resulting theoretical coupling constants exhibit strong agreement with experimental values, and our accurate prediction of a Higgs boson mass of 125.5 GeV/c² further validates the model.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[10] viXra:2611.0010 [pdf] submitted on 2026-11-03 20:11:43
Authors: Kouji Takaki
Comments: 4 Pages.
We derived an inequality based on the properties of the function log(x), and from that, we obtained a further inequality that serves as a sufficient condition for the conjecture to hold. By evaluating the function involved in this inequality, we demonstrated that it holds for n≧5. Consequently, we have proven that the conjecture is true.
Category: Number Theory
[9] viXra:2611.0009 [pdf] replaced on 2026-11-08 22:41:08
Authors: Mueiz Gafer KamalEldeen
Comments: 5 Pages.
A proposal has been put forward to define energy and momentum in such a way that their total is conserved in a gravitational field. This conservation can be verified directly in Schwarzschild spacetime. In Kerr spacetime, however, the proposed conservation law appears to fail. Yet, once the transfer of energy—momentum from the source of the gravitational field to the test body is taken into account, it becomes clear that the proposed conservation law remains valid in this case as well.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[8] viXra:2611.0008 [pdf] submitted on 2026-11-02 14:15:43
Authors: Ervin Goldfain
Comments: 25 Pages.
High energy theory has not produced a single experimentally confirmed prediction beyond the Standard Model in roughly fifty years. This essayargues that this stagnation is no longer only a scientific problem but an institutional one.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[7] viXra:2611.0007 [pdf] submitted on 2026-11-02 15:40:09
Authors: Shisheng Wang
Comments: 18 Pages.
A multicomponent, multiphase fluid can be modelled as either a homogeneous mixture flow field or separated flow fields. The key concept is that fluid flows will be considered as continuum fields through suitable volumetric "average" procedures, so that the differential calculus tools can be used. For a homogeneous mixture flow field, the mixture is treated as a single system (single-phase flow). Starting from the mixture momentum density 1-form per unit volume, taking the exterior derivative of this 1-form yields a field strength tensor in a differential 2-form. The interior product (contraction) of this 2-form with the tangent velocity yields the dynamic equation of the homogeneous mixture flow, E u20d7+Ω u20d7×V u20d7=0 (or expressed as a differential 1-form of eq. (20)). It is equivalent to the Euler-Lagrange equation, but the gradient of kinetic energy doesn’t equal zero for continuum fields, in contrast to the classical Euler-Lagrange equation for a discrete isolated particle. For separated flow fields, different components travel at their own velocities; there exists a velocity difference between components, and each component is treated as an individual system to consider the interactions between different components. The homogeneous mixture dynamic equation turns into two equations for separated flow fields. The two equations become tightly entangled. This shows there are very complicated interaction forces between the two flows.
Category: Classical Physics
[6] viXra:2611.0006 [pdf] submitted on 2026-11-02 21:52:28
Authors: Andrey Belov
Comments: 9 Pages.
The article deals with the question of the permissibility of using infinite numbers in the formation of counterexamples for Fermat's Great Theorem. Counter examples are given for Fermat's Great Theorem using infinite numbers obtained without performing arithmetic operations on these numbers.
Category: Number Theory
[5] viXra:2611.0005 [pdf] submitted on 2026-11-02 21:36:04
Authors: Mikel Aickin
Comments: 11 Pages.
A success probability provides a very simple summary of how well some group is doing, and so it is natural to use comparisons of success probabilities across groups as an attempt to quantify which groups are doing better. But all such conventional comparisons are made from the viewpoint of the observer, not from the outlook of someone trying to choose which group to join. Choice of a particular group typically imposes a cost of some kind, and so the decision must be based on the trade-off between the cost and the probabilistic benefit. The purpose here is to define the probability of benefit and to provide a method to analyze it, with particular attention to choosing medical treatments.
Category: Statistics
[4] viXra:2611.0004 [pdf] submitted on 2026-11-01 00:01:14
Authors: Agum Abdillah
Comments: 6 Pages.
We formulate an exact constraint on the interacting one-particle Green function of a compensated two-sublatticemodel whose symmetry combines a quarter-turn in momentum space with a spin and sublattice transformation. For anequilibrium density matrix invariant under this operation, the full Green matrix obeys a covariance relation that exchanges thespin-resolved sublattice blocks at rotated momenta. The traced spectral functions consequently satisfy ��↑ (k, ��) = ��↓ (��k, ��),while the Brillouin-zone-integrated uniform spin polarization vanishes. The identity is independent of perturbative order anddoes not assume quasiparticles; it constrains, but does not by itself require, a nonzero momentum-resolved splitting. We realizethe symmetry in a two-sublattice Hubbard model with a compensated staggered source, derive its analytic noninteractingspectrum and first-order Hartree renormalization, and test the interacting spectral structure by Lanczos exact diagonalizationon an eight-site cluster. We further calculate the full nonlocal second-order Hubbard self-energy in real space, express itsretarded continuation as a three-spectral-function convolution, and verify its symmetry covariance and causal sign numerically.The results establish a symmetry-controlled route to interaction-renormalized altermagnetic spectral splitting in a compensated,source-pinned state.
Category: Condensed Matter
[3] viXra:2611.0003 [pdf] submitted on 2026-11-01 23:10:51
Authors: Omar Perez
Comments: 4 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)
We extend the Lentz positive-energy soliton metric to a laboratory-realistic configuration: a cylindrical RF cavity in the TM010 mode with a cryogenic rutile dielectric core. We compute the electromagnetic stress-energy tensor, insert it into the weak-field Lentz relation, and derive the fractional optical path difference along the cavity axis. At 1 kW input power, the predicted signal is dL/L ~ 10^-42 (moving soliton) to 10^-84 (static soliton), approximately 19 to 61 orders of magnitude below achievable interferometric sensitivity. We conclude that the positive-energy soliton branch is empirically closed at laboratory energy scales on Earth. This is a quantitative boundary result, not an experimental failure.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[2] viXra:2611.0002 [pdf] submitted on 2026-11-01 23:08:31
Authors: Fernando Salmon Iza
Comments: 7 Pages.
The empirical Tully-Fisher relationship for spiral galaxies has been the subject of study for many years. The flat character of the rotation speed curves of galaxies and the need for the existence of dark matter to explain them made it even more difficult to find a theoretical foundation between the fourth power of the rotation speed of stars and their luminous mass or baryonic mass, that is, without dark mass, which would serve to demonstrate the relationship that R. Brent Tully and J. Richard Fisher found in 1977 for spiral galaxies and which is very useful for calculating various astronomical calculations. was until now physically unprovable.In this report we have demonstrated the Tolly-Fisher relationship using generalized relativity and applying it to a new energetic model of a galaxy. To achieve this, we use the Sérsic luminosity profiles as an estimate of baryonic mass and our new galaxy model to calculate the curvature of space-time within the galactic volume, subsequently deriving the acceleration experienced by the stars. The results show that this acceleration gives rise to a uniform velocity for each star, regardless of its position. as long as these are at a distance less than the effective radius. Furthermore, we have obtained a proportionality relationship between the luminosity of the galaxy and the fourth power of the rotation speed of the stars - the Tully-Fisher relationship - for spiral galaxies, which until now had been purely empirical.
Category: Astrophysics
[1] viXra:2611.0001 [pdf] submitted on 2026-11-01 14:05:32
Authors: Nigel B. Cook
Comments: 5 Pages.
Three apparently independent lines of investigation suggest that the four-component Dirac spinor contains a deeper two-state structure than is usually recognised. Peter Woit [1] observed that a Standard Model lepton generation can be identified with components of the spinor representation associated with a natural U(2) structure. Robert A. Wilson has argued [2] that the Dirac algebra possesses an intrinsic doubled geometry associated with so(4,2). Independently, a vacuum-polarisation model of particle structure suggests that the primitive physical states are not the conventional electron chiralities but instead the pair (ν_L, e_R) [3]. We compare these three approaches and show that, although they arise from very different motivations, they all focus attention on a common two-state structure underlying the Dirac equation. This suggests that the familiar decomposition of the Dirac spinor into left- and right-handed components may not be the unique physical interpretation of the underlying mathematics.
Category: Quantum Physics
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