High Energy Particle Physics

   

First-Order Confinement Phase Transition in a Non-Abelian Dark Sector

Authors: Ahmed Ali

We consider an SU(3)dark gauge theory with three flavours of heavy dark quarks of mass M_Q ∼ 10^13—10^15 GeV, neutral under all Standard Model gauge groups. The theory is assumed to undergo a first-order confinement transition at T_c^dark ≈ 10^15 GeV—a phenomenological input, not a first-principles result, carrying a ±50% theoretical uncertainty from the bag-model approximation in analogy with the Columbia-plot first-order region of QCD at heavy quark masses. We compute the resulting stochastic gravitational-wave (GW) background, finding that acoustic sound waves dominate by two orders of magnitude over bubble collisions and magnetohydrodynamic turbulence after the finite sound-wave lifetime suppression Υ ≈ 0.05 is applied. At the benchmark parameters—latent heat fraction α_PT = 0.1, dimensionless inverse transition duration β/H* = 100, and bubble wall velocity v_w = 0.8—the composite peak falls at f_* ≈ 1.65 mHz with Ω_GW^peak h^2 ≈ 10^(-8), and the sub-peak slope Ω_GW ∝ f^3 follows from causality independently of the phase-transition parameters. Under the assumption that the signal is present and that LISA achieves its projected sensitivity, four years of observation would yield a signal-to-noise ratio SNR ≈ 8.5, with a ±18% systematic uncertainty from the sound-wave lifetime calibration already absorbed into the quoted value. A Fisher analysis suggests that the peak frequency and amplitude could be recovered to approximately 15% and 25% respectively, which would constrain the dark confinement scale Λ_dark to within a factor of two—assuming the one-loop dimensional-transmutation relation holds. We note that pulsar-timing arrays, CMB spectral distortions, and direct-detection searches test the same parameter space from different directions; whether they can be combined into a joint exclusion is a question we leave to future work.

Comments: 5 Pages.

Download: PDF

Submission history

[v1] 2026-11-06 21:13:51

Unique-IP document downloads: 0 times

Vixra.org is a pre-print repository rather than a journal. Articles hosted may not yet have been verified by peer-review and should be treated as preliminary. In particular, anything that appears to include financial or legal advice or proposed medical treatments should be treated with due caution. Vixra.org will not be responsible for any consequences of actions that result from any form of use of any documents on this website.

Add your own feedback and questions here:
You are equally welcome to be positive or negative about any paper but please be polite. If you are being critical you must mention at least one specific error, otherwise your comment will be deleted as unhelpful.

comments powered by Disqus