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| viXra.org > Quantum Physics > 2010 |
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[23] viXra:2010.0255 [pdf] replaced on 2021-01-17 13:03:37
Authors: Theodore J. St. John
Comments: 19 Pages.
The purpose of this paper is to present a hypothesis: that frequency is the key to understanding the fundamental nature of time. Time and space are mirror images of each other and they are two different ways of expressing inverse frequency. The reason this is important is because, by starting with frequency the relationships of physics can be expressed by linear equations. It is known that frequency is directly proportional to and thus equivalent to quantum energy. By expressing the relationship of spatial frequency vs. temporal frequency as a simple geometric model, several well-known relationships fall into place without having to stretch the model into warped expressions of spacetime that require complicated hyperbolic functions or field equations. The result is a sensible interpretation of the meaning of time, spacetime, quantum particles and quantum wave functions. The model also lends itself directly to an understanding of how space and time become dissociated and transform into quantum bits of information, which automatically models reality as a quantum computer. The implications of these interpretations provide a bridge between physics, as a physical science, and life sciences that take in information from their surroundings, convolve it with itself as particles and thereby shape and reshape matter, allowing living organisms to change with time and adapt to their environment.
Category: Quantum Physics
[22] viXra:2010.0249 [pdf] submitted on 2020-10-30 20:08:05
Authors: Clark M. Thomas
Comments: 11 Pages.
A recent experiment involving two quasars in a test of quantum entanglement failed to achieve its results as advertised. It failed to extend spooky communication out to near the edge of our visible
universe. It also failed to close loopholes that are still better answered by Bohmian mechanics.
Category: Quantum Physics
[21] viXra:2010.0239 [pdf] submitted on 2020-10-30 11:05:12
Authors: Dmitri Martila
Comments: 3 Pages.
The Many Worlds Interpretation (MWI) was proposed by H.Everett. It has
sounded like most senseless stuff to the scientists of his time, but today it
is one of the leading interpretations of Quantum Mechanics (QM). I argue that
this interpretation does not conflict with the conventional interpretation.
Namely, the observer whose mind does not depart from Our Universe must use the
Copenhagen Interpretation (CI).
Category: Quantum Physics
[20] viXra:2010.0229 [pdf] replaced on 2020-10-31 07:26:48
Authors: Sjaak Uitterdijk
Comments: 2 Pages. Only the title has been changed
Yotta Hertz means 10^24 Hertz. If a neutron would be an electron orbiting a proton at a distance in the range of 10^-15-10^-11 m, it would be able to emit electro-magnetic waves up to these frequencies. The duration of such nuclear photons can go down to tens of zepto (10^-24) seconds.
Category: Quantum Physics
[19] viXra:2010.0224 [pdf] submitted on 2020-10-28 07:53:30
Authors: Angel Garces Doz
Comments: 7 Pages.
As R. P. Feynman said: the fine structure constant is the probability that an electron emits or absorbs a photon. In this work several equations are shown; the majority of empirical heuristic character, by which the precise value of the fine-structure constant (its inverse) is obtained. Far from being pure numerology, we think that they are not accidental. We rely to affirm this in that in all there appear repetitively either mathematical constants such as Pi, e, etc, and / or quantum corrections due to the masses of the leptons with electric charge and the masses of the Wand Z bosons (and its entropies). This rules out its casual character. That there are so many possible equations and that they are related to very relevant aspects of mathematics, such as the monster group and others; allows us to demonstrate the extraordinary mathematical properties of this dimensionless constant
Category: Quantum Physics
[18] viXra:2010.0219 [pdf] replaced on 2020-10-29 05:31:49
Authors: Richard David Gill
Comments: 6 Pages.
I point out some obviously fatal mathematical errors in the recent paper published in Royal Society Open Science and entitled "Quantum correlations are weaved by the spinors of the Euclidean primitives" by Joy Christian, director of the "Einstein Center for Local Realistic Physics" in the city of Oxford, in the UK.
Submitted to RSOS on the invitation of the editors. This is my version 3; 29 October, 3020. Minor errors corrected and logos blanked.
Category: Quantum Physics
[17] viXra:2010.0209 [pdf] submitted on 2020-10-26 05:47:18
Authors: Gerard van der Ham
Comments: 2 Pages.
Bohr's ideas about quanta were not justified. This is being demonstrated by Bell-test experiments.
Category: Quantum Physics
[16] viXra:2010.0187 [pdf] replaced on 2020-12-02 10:57:24
Authors: F.M. Sanchez, M.H. Grossman, R. Veysseyre, H. Veysseyre, D. Weigel
Comments: 23 Pages. Accepted for publication in Advances in Pure Mathematics (1 Dec. 2020)
The Number Theory comes back as the heart of unified Science, in a Computing Cosmos using
the bases 2;3;5;7 whose two symmetric combinaisons explain the main lepton mass ratios. The
corresponding Holic Principle induces a symmetry between the Newton and Planck constants which
confirms the Permanent Sweeping Holography Bang Cosmology, with invariant baryon density 3/10,
the dark baryons being dephased matter-antimatter oscillation. This implies the DNA bi-codon
mean isotopic mass, confirming to 0.1 ppm the electron-based Topological Axis, whose terminal
boson is the base 2 c-observable Universe in the base 3 Cosmos. The physical parameters involve
the Euler ideonal numbers and the special Fermat primes of Wieferich (bases 2) and Mirimanoff
(base 3). The prime numbers and crystallographic symmetries are related to the 4-fold structure of
the DNA bi-codon. The forgotten Eddington’s proton-tau symmetry is rehabilitated, renewing the
supersymmetry quest. This excludes the concepts of Multiverse, Continuum, Infinity, Locality and
Zero-mass Particle, leading to stringent predictions in Cosmology, Particle Physics and Biology.
Category: Quantum Physics
[15] viXra:2010.0181 [pdf] replaced on 2020-11-06 13:10:35
Authors: Jean Louis Van Belle
Comments: 21 Pages.
Uncertainty may result from (1) an impossibility to measure what we want to measure, or an impossibility to observe the system, (2) the limited precision of our measurement, (3) the measurement fundamentally disturbing the system and, as such, causing the information to be unreliable, (4) an uncertainty that is inherent to Nature (Copenhagen interpretation). We agree with Lorentz’s and Einstein’s viewpoint: there is no need to elevate indeterminism to a philosophical principle. The more important question is: how does quantum physics model it? How does it deal with it?
This paper wants to offer some thoughts on that, supporting Lorentz’s (and Einstein’s) position: we only have statistical indeterminism. Quantum physics should, therefore, not be seen as a radical departure from classical physics. Quantum-mechanical uncertainty is nothing but statistical indeterminism. This is, effectively, the fifth interpretation of uncertainty which should be added to the list above, and may well be the final one. The position is illustrated with a detailed discussion of the wavefunction(s) in the context of Schrödinger’s wave equation for the hydrogen atom.
We also further explore the question in regard to the (possible) physical dimension of the real and imaginary part of the wavefunction. To paraphrase Feynman, we wonder what could be ‘sloshing back and forth’ between the real and imaginary part of the wavefunction? We think it is kinetic and potential energy. We, therefore, briefly present our two-dimensional oscillator model again, but using the metaphor of a multi-piston radial engine as a metaphor this time.
Category: Quantum Physics
[14] viXra:2010.0170 [pdf] submitted on 2020-10-21 20:12:50
Authors: Edward R. Floyd
Comments: 13 Pages. Published in "Progress in Physics" Vol. 16(2), pp 143-153 (2020)
There are solutions of the Klein-Gordon equation for the massless neutrino that produce massless neutrino oscillation of flavor. These solutions serve as a counterexample to Pontecorvo, Maki, Nakagawa, and Sakata theory for neutrino
oscillation of flavor, which implies neutrinos must have mass contrary to the standard model. We show that the wave function for the massless antineutrino for an inverse beta decay (IBD) is a superposition of two independent solutions of
the Klein-Gordon equation. One solution represents the latent incident wave upon an IBD. The other solution represents the latent reflected wave from the IBD. This superposition renders a compound modulated wave function with regard to amplitude and phase modulations. This compound modulation is shown to facilitate neutrino oscillation that may be massless and, therefore, consistent with the standard model. Extra to a massless counterexample, the weak interaction is shown to transmute the wave function during an IBD by changing the amounts of the latent incident and latent reflected wave functions that are allocated to the superposition.
Category: Quantum Physics
[13] viXra:2010.0167 [pdf] submitted on 2020-10-21 20:16:34
Authors: Yi Cao
Comments: 17 Pages.
1) We hypothesized that the strong force, the electric force, and the gravity force (named as S-force, E-force, and G-force) are the three primary forces that only exert in r-1D dimension. We also hypothesized that the magnetic force is the rotation-diffusion (RotaFusion, or RF) force of the electric force (named RFe-force), the weak force is the RF-force of the strong force (named RFs-force), and the dark matter is the RF-force of the gravity force (named RFg-force). These RF-forces are the orthogonal forces of the primary forces, and they (initially) only exert in θφ-2D dimension. In this way, we re-classified the four fundamental interaction forces into three pairs of forces: S/RFs force, E/RFe force, and G/RFg force. We also believe that the Dark Matter is originated from RFg-force (at least partly). 2) From the knowledge of electric field (E-force) and magnetic field (RFe-force), we tried to build a brand new {N,n} QM field theory, based on Schrodinger (or a similar differential) equation/solution. This new field theory is expected to seamlessly unify all forces in our universe. Only the framework of this newly designed field theory has been discussed. 3) We hypothesized that our universe is formed under the residue force of G/RFg force, similar as that an atom’s nucleus is formed under the residue force of S/RFs force, and a molecule is formed under the residue force of E/RFe force. We imagined the large-scale structure of our universe based on the molecule of either a C60 Buckyball, or a rhodopsin, or a hemoglobin macro molecule.
Category: Quantum Physics
[12] viXra:2010.0163 [pdf] submitted on 2020-10-21 08:55:24
Authors: E. P. J. de Haas
Comments: 35 Pages.
The necessity of Lorentz transforming the Dirac matrices is an ongoing issue with contradicting opinions. The Lorentz transformation of Dirac spinors is clear but for the Dirac adjoint, the combination of a spinor and the `time-like' zeroth gamma-matrix, the situation is fussy again. In the Feynman slash objects, the gamma matrix four vector connects to the dynamic four vectors without really becoming one itself. The Feynman slash objects exist in 4-D Minkowsky space-time on the one hand, the gamma matrices are often taken as inert objects like the Minkowski metric itself on the other hand. To be short, a slumbering confusion exists in RQM's roots. In this paper, first a Pauli-level biquaternion environment equivalent to Minkowski space-time is presented. Then the Weyl-Dirac environment is produced as a PT doubling of the biquaternion Pauli-environment. It is the production process from basic elements that produces some clarification regarding the mentioned RQM foundational fussiness.
Category: Quantum Physics
[11] viXra:2010.0156 [pdf] replaced on 2020-10-21 09:51:18
Authors: Jean Louis Van Belle
Comments: No. of pages excludes title page.
As a pointer, and a service to other amateur physicists, I thought it would be useful to sum up the main pitfalls and discoveries I stumbled upon while working my way through Feynman’s Lectures. I call it a Survivor’s Guide to Quantum Physics because – at times – it did feel like going through a jungle, or wading through deep water, or climbing a mountain for which there is no map. Indeed, while there is a tendency to present quantum physics as a coherent set of principles and theory, it is not. At best, it is a toolbox with some novel mathematical techniques, approaches and models. At worst, it tries to present itself as an alternative to classical physics, which it is not. Quantum physics is, in essence, a combination of Maxwell’s equations and the Planck-Einstein relation. That is it. Nothing more. Nothing less. In the QED sector, at least. The one and only quantum is Planck’s quantum of (physical) action, and its physical dimension – a force times a distance times a period (cycle time) – is, unfortunately, not always well understood by those who are supposed to understand it – which is why there is a lot of nonsense around.
In short, we hope this short paper might help you to avoid the mistakes I made, and that is to waste time on things you should not waste time on: stuff that is not useful, or plain wrong even. And then I will also try to highlight the little shortcuts or visualizations that may help you to get a much more intuitive grasp of things.
Category: Quantum Physics
[10] viXra:2010.0134 [pdf] replaced on 2020-10-19 06:00:10
Authors: Jean Louis Van Belle
Comments: 10 Pages.
This paper explores the common concept of a field and the quantization of fields. We do so by discussing the quantization of traveling fields using our photon model, and we also look at the quantization of fields in the context of a perpetual ring current in a superconductor. We then relate the discussion to the use of the (scalar and vector) potential in quantum physics and, finally, a brief discussion of Schrödinger’s wave equation which, we argue, just models the equations of motion of charged particles in static and/or dynamic electromagnetic fields – just what Dirac was looking for. We argue that the idea that Schrödinger’s equation may not be relativistically correct is based on an erroneous interpretation of the concept of the effective mass of an electron.
Category: Quantum Physics
[9] viXra:2010.0115 [pdf] submitted on 2020-10-16 08:16:55
Authors: N. Gurappa
Comments: 9 Pages. 2 figures
According to non-dualistic interpretation of quantum mechanics, the initial/ global/overall phase associated with a quantum state vector is related to a particular eigenstate of an observable. This phase gives raise to a ``tube" like geometrical structure, associated with the state vector and the tube branches into several smaller tubes. The total number of smaller tubes is equal to the total number of eigenstates of the observable; each branch is associated with a particular eigenstate. The cross-sectional area of the initial tube is equal to the sum of cross-sectional areas of all tubes, resulting in the Born rule and also in the conservation of probability in quantum mechanics.
Category: Quantum Physics
[8] viXra:2010.0106 [pdf] replaced on 2020-10-27 10:39:17
Authors: J.A.J. van Leunen
Comments: 14 Pages. This is part of the Hilbert Book Model Project [Correction made by viXra Admin]
This examination of reality is running like an exciting detective novel. The research uses a hierarchy of spaces that show varying degrees of complexity. Finding more complicated spaces is not a big problem. This turns out to be quite simple. The move to a more complicated form is always accompanied by several significant limitations and understanding where these limitations come from is a much bigger problem. Today's mathematics is only just able to explain the limitations of the Hilbert space. This no longer applies to the system of Hilbert spaces, which in this document is called the Hilbert repository. Current math cannot explain the restrictions and the extra features of the Hilbert repository. This fact will particularly interest those who are curious about the structure and behavior of physical reality. The approach is quite different from the usual path and provides other insights. The usual way tries to deduce new insights from what we know about classical physics. The story makes it clear that only mathematics cannot provide a complete picture of reality, while experiments alone also cannot expose physical reality. The combination of mathematics and experimentation produces the best results.
Category: Quantum Physics
[7] viXra:2010.0098 [pdf] replaced on 2020-10-27 10:37:08
Authors: J.A.J. van Leunen
Comments: 14 Pages. Dit is onderdeel van het Hilbert Book Model Project [Correction made by viXra Admin]
Dit onderzoek van de werkelijkheid loopt als een spannende detectiveroman. Het onderzoek maakt gebruik van een hiërarchie van ruimtes die verschillende gradaties van gecompliceerdheid vertonen. Het vinden van meer gecompliceerde ruimtes vormt geen groot probleem. Dit blijkt namelijk vrij eenvoudig. De stap naar een meer gecompliceerde vorm gaat steeds gepaard met een aantal significante beperkingen en het begrijpen waar deze beperkingen vandaan komen vormt een veel groter probleem. De huidige wiskunde is maar net in staat om de beperkingen van de Hilbertruimte te verklaren. Dat geldt niet meer voor het systeem van Hilbertruimten dat in dit document de Hilbert opslagruimte genoemd wordt. De huidige wiskunde kan de beperkingen en de nieuwe verschijnselen van deze structuur niet verklaren. Dit feit zal vooral hen die nieuwsgierig zijn naar de structuur en het gedrag van de fysieke werkelijkheid interesseren. De aanpak wijkt sterk af van de gebruikelijke weg en levert andere inzichten. De gebruikelijke weg tracht nieuwe inzichten af te leiden uit wat we weten over de klassieke natuurkunde. Het verhaal maakt duidelijk dat alleen wiskunde geen volledig beeld van de werkelijkheid kan bieden terwijl ook alleen meten de werkelijkheid ook niet bloot kan leggen. De kombinatie van wiskunde en experimenteren levert nog het meeste resultaat op.
Category: Quantum Physics
[6] viXra:2010.0093 [pdf] replaced on 2020-10-19 08:37:07
Authors: François Barriquand
Comments: 17 Pages. The content of the present article is identical to the content of its first version, except for the correction of a typing error one the left side of equation 13.
A variant of the well-known Einstein-Podolski-Rosen experiment is proposed, in which two protagonists may communicate in a way that constitutes a strong challenge for the most commonly accepted interpretation of the EPR experiment.
Category: Quantum Physics
[5] viXra:2010.0082 [pdf] submitted on 2020-10-12 10:27:17
Authors: Gerard van der Ham
Comments: 1 Page.
Because of wrong interpretation of Quantum Mechanics, Bell applied in his theorem P = 1/2 for chances of opposite spincombination results whereas in reality these chances are cosine squared (phi/2). That is when definite spin of entangled electrons is assumed and when projection and perspective are applied correctly. For that reason Bell's inequalities are violated.
Category: Quantum Physics
[4] viXra:2010.0068 [pdf] replaced on 2020-10-27 06:43:57
Authors: Gordon Stewart Watson
Comments: 3 Pages.
Bell’s theorem has been described as the most profound discovery of science. Let’s see.
Category: Quantum Physics
[3] viXra:2010.0064 [pdf] submitted on 2020-10-10 12:46:00
Authors: José Salvador Ruiz Fargueta
Comments: 111 Pages. [Corrections are made by viXra Admin]
For Paul Dirac, physical laws had to be mathematically beautiful, he believed that the Universe is written in a mathematical language, necessarily, beautiful and elegant. The theory I describe in this book is still a simple set of unconfirmed formulas and hints. Beauty is noted in many of these indications, but this is not enough, of course, to take it as true. It has taken me from the fluctuations of quantum vacuum, through the fractals and the compacted dimensions, until the beginnings of our Universe.
Category: Quantum Physics
[2] viXra:2010.0055 [pdf] replaced on 2022-12-30 01:27:31
Authors: Masahito Morimoto
Comments: 80pages. This paper is basically the compilation of related author's papers and supplement with the calculation of a single particle interference by geometrical phase described in chapter II and section E of Chapter IV.
In this paper, we propose an alternate interpretation of the quantum theory using objective physical reality that does not depend on the conventional probability interpretation.As typical physical phenomena for the probability interpretation, we consider the single-photon interference, single-electron interference, and EPR correlation experimentsusing photon polarization. For the calculation using the alternate interpretation, the minus sign derived from the covariant quantization of Maxwell’s equations,which is associated with the scalar potential of time axis component of four-vector, is taken as it is as an inevitable request from the theory. In addition, geometrical phaseis incorporated, which can be recognized as a kind of scalar potential. We show that both conventional and alternate interpretation derive the identical calculation resultsfor these single photon, single electron interference, and EPR correlation.These alternate calculation processes describe that there is a kind of scalar potential in whole space-time and when there is some geometrical arrangement in thespace, the scalar potential forms the oscillatory field of the potential according to the arrangement. It reveals the objective physical reality that the single-photon,single-electron interference, and EPR correlation are generated by the movement of the photons and electrons in the oscillatory field with interference.In addition, we show that the oscillatory field formation of the scalar potential depending on the geometrical arrangement causes energy fluctuation in the space,which enables removal of infinite zero-point energy and causes spontaneous symmetry breaking and Casimir effect. By recognizing the electromagnetic field as anunitary U(1) gauge field and generalizing it to a special unitary SU(2), we also show the uncharged particle, e.g. neutron, interferences are generated by the geometricalarrangement of the SU(2) gauge field or geometrical phase. Furthermore, we discuss the origin of the scalar potential by distinguishing the space where the substanceexists and the vacuum.Finally, by introducing the extended Lorentz gauge, we propose the alternate solution without physical state and subsidiary condition for the contradiction between Lorentz gauge as an operator equation and the commutation relation in the covariant canonical quantization of Maxwell’s equations with the conventional Lorentz gauge.This paper contains the compilation of published author’s papers cite{Morimoto1,Morimoto2} in addition to featured discussions such as the physical reality, uncharged particle interference,geometrical phase and alternate proposal for the contradiction between Lorentz gauge as an operator equation and commutation relation.
Category: Quantum Physics
[1] viXra:2010.0041 [pdf] submitted on 2020-10-06 21:04:27
Authors: Simon WW Manley
Comments: 17 Pages.
Trimethyl phosphate provides a convenient heteronuclear system for experiments with low-cost Earth’s Field NMR equipment, illustrating J-coupling and its application in NMR quantum computing. While only the 1-H signal is readily acquired, both the 1-H and 31-P nuclear spins can be manipulated independently by B1 pulses
Category: Quantum Physics
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