Quantum Physics

The Quantum Eraser Experiment

Authors: Brian Chang
Comments: 32 Pages. In Chinese

This paper rejects the common notion that "erasing path information causes interference fringes to reappear". This paper argues that it is a misnomer to call this experiment a quantum "erasure". Instead of "erasing", the diagonal polarizers actually filter the photons, and it is this filtering that causes the interference fringes to reappear. Further, there is no need to introduce anticausality to explain the delayed selection experiment. The wavefunction of a photon does not collapse after it comes out of the double slit until it reaches the position of the screen. It is meaningless to ask which slit the photon came through. Therefore, instead of calling this experiment a "quantum erasure experiment", it would be more appropriate to call it a "quantum screening experiment", and it is this means of screening that restores coherence.
Category: Quantum Physics

Wave and Particle from Dualism to Unity (English Version)

Authors: Solomon Khmelnik
Comments: 20 Pages.

Examples are given when a macroscopic object manifests itself both as a wave and as a tangible object. It is proven that elementary particles are both waves and particles at the same time, and not alternately. This proof is obtained as new solutions to Maxwell's equations. The proof is not comprehensive - only cubic, spherical and disk particles are considered. This publication is a review and addition to already published articles and books.
Category: Quantum Physics

SunQM-7s1: Space Formation/Transformation, Relativity, and the Possible Origin of the Lightspeed and Its Constancy (Viewed From the {N,n} QM)

Authors: Yi Cao
Comments: 25 Pages.

The newly established {N,n} QM includes the Bohr-QM based part (see in SunQM-1 series, SunQM-2, SunQM-5 series, and SunQM-7), the Schrodinger-equation based part (see in SunQM-3 series and SunQM-4 series), and the {N,n} quantum field part (see in SunQM-6 series). In the SunQM-7 series, I am going to study the relativity under the {N,n} QM. In the current article, first, I used Schrodinger equation/solution (i.e., the wave function) as a tool to study how the space is formed from x-1D to the flat xy-2D, the point-centered rφ-2D, the flat xyz-3D, the point-centered rθφ-3D, and then the point-centered r’rθφ-4D. The orthogonality of the dimensions was discussed. Many examples of the dimension transformation (that were encountered during the {N,n} development, e.g., "opened-space" versus "closed-space", "straight-space" versus "curved-space", larger size 3D space may allow the higher dimension 4D to be effective, etc.) were discussed. Second, based on the Newtonian mechanics (that in the Earth’s orbit that around the Sun, all mass entities (e.g., a H-atom, a space dust, etc.) have the same constant orbital speed as that of the Earth), and also based on that our 3D universe may be a spherical 3D space on the surface of a 4D ball something, I explained the origin of the lightspeed as that "it is the orbital speed in a r’rθφ-4D space". It also automatically explained the origin of the constancy of the lightspeed. These origin explanations may in turn support the correctness of the two axioms in the modern physics: "the lightspeed is the maximum (effective) speed in our universe", and "the speed of light is constant in our universe". Third, I further hypothesized that a group of (large number) random direction/phase "4D thermal oscillators" forms a massed particle that localized in our 3D universe, and a group of (small number) unified direction/phase "4D thermal oscillators" forms a massless photon that un-localized in our 3D universe. This model made me able to further explain several other properties in the general relativity and the special relativity (see in SunQM-7s2). Fourth, because I believed that (in 3D space) a black hole not only stops the light but also stops the gravitational force to escape from its surface, I hypothesized that a black hole may indirectly exert its gravitational force in 3D space (by projecting of its 4D space G-force through the 4th dimension back into the 3D space).
Category: Quantum Physics

Spherical Electrons and the Wheeler-Feynman Time-Symmetric Theory

Authors: James Conor O'Brien
Comments: 9 Pages.

This paper is a follow up to previous work A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Potential [1][2][3][4] where I modelled fermions as longitudinal electromagnetic scalar potential waves travelling in accompanied by perfectly spherical charged and fermions in labelling this as the W.F.E.M.F.V.P.T.S.T. model. In this present paper I’m going to suggest these perfectly spherical fermions provide a definitive test for the W.F.E.M.F.V.P.T.S.T. model because aspherical electrons would violate a fundamental condition concerning the conservation of phase and energy for the W.F.E.M.F.V.P.T.S.T. model thus breaking that model.
Category: Quantum Physics

Wave and Particle — from Dualism to Unity

Authors: Solomon Khmilnik
Comments: 21 Pages. In Russian

Examples are given when a macroscopic object manifests itself both as a wave and as a tangible object. It is proved that elementary particles are both waves and particles at the same time, and not alternately. This proof is obtained as new solutions to Maxwell's equations. The proof is not comprehensive - only cubic, spherical and disk particles are considered. This publication is a review and addition to already published articles.

Приводятся примеры, когда макроскопический объект проявляет себя и как волна, и как осязаемый объект. Доказывается, что элементарные частицы являются и волнами, и частицами одновременно, а не попеременно. Это доказательство получено, как новые решения уравнений Максвелла. Доказательство не является всеобъемлющим - рассматривается только кубическая, сферическая и дисковая частицы. Данная публикация — это обзор и дополнение уже опубликованных статей.
Category: Quantum Physics

On-Shel Electromagnetism Asa Step Towards QM Classification

Authors: Gilad Laredo
Comments: 17 Pages.

This study extends the classical theory of electromagnetism to include quantum phenomena, thus creating a bridge between classical EM theory and quantum mechanics. This bridge is facilitated through a mathematical structure that covers both Maxwell equations, Dirac equation and the Proca equation. One outcome of this study is a new Lagrangian that maintains the same fermionic field dynamics generated by the QED Lagrangian while being more compact and symmetric. Additionally, this work introduces a ‘fermionic’ stress-energy tensor that can be integrated into Einstein’s field equations as source of spacetime curvature, demonstrating compatibility with general relativity.
Category: Quantum Physics

Another Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics

Authors: Robert T. Longo
Comments: 7 Pages.

In this paper, I postulate a different way to think of quantum interpretation. The concept was first conceived by Freeman Dyson, {https:www.dumtp.com ac.uk/user/long/em/dyson.pdf. } when he described the electric and magnetic fields defined by Maxwell's theory as abstract quantities that exist as a two-layer system. He then suggested that all fields behave the same. Since the quantum wave function is a probability amplitude field, it is also an abstract field that becomes real and measurable when combined with other fields, such as its complex conjugate. This paper follows Dyson's lead and finds a way to bring Einstein and Bohr debate closer together.
Category: Quantum Physics

Calculation of the Wavelengths of the Balmer Series in the Hydrogen Atom Based on the Quantized Space and Time Theory of Elementary Particles

Authors: Hamid Reza Karimi
Comments: 12 Pages.

In this paper, by using the quantized space and time and elementary particle theory the all wavelengths of the different spectrum of aroused hydrogen atom he's been calculated. the main reason of disability in comprehensive analysis of aroused atoms radiation is the low understanding of kinetic energy paradox. in such a way that the maximum level of the energy of charged particles by the speed of 299792407.5m/s is exist in the x and y axis, but in the z axis the energy level does not exist and only appears in the transition procedure to the other energy level by radiation of a photon.
Category: Quantum Physics

The Riemann Zeta Function and the Transcendent Lerch Function

Authors: Marcello Colozzo
Comments: 3 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please cite and list scientific references)

Elementary notions of quantum statistical mechanics provide a link between the Riemann Zeta function and the transcendent Lerch function.
Category: Quantum Physics

Why Bell’s Theorem Is Inapplicable to a Quantum System

Authors: Joseph Palazzo
Comments: 4 Pages.

A review of the famous Bell’s theorem leads us to conclude that it addresses one and only one specific issue: whether a body possesses a certain property or does not. The theorem certainly is not a statement about hidden parameters, non-locality or causality.
Category: Quantum Physics

From the Svedberg Ultracentrifuge to the Rotating Carbon Nanotube

Authors: Miroslav Pardy
Comments: 11 Pages.

The classical and the quantum motion of a massive body in the rotating carbon nanotubeis considered. Photon is included. The spin motion described by the Bargmann-Michel-Telegdi equation is considered in the rotation tube and rotating system. The crucial problemis the Lamm equation in the rotating Carbon nanotube.
Category: Quantum Physics

Problems in the Theoretical Structure of Quantum Electrodynamics

Authors: Eliahu Comay
Comments: 15 Pages.

A careful review of the literature reveals that electrodynamics is not free of theoretical problems. For instance, Peskin and Schroeder say in their book on Quantum Field Theory (QFT): "In fact, we will not discuss canonical quantization of the electromagnetic field at all in this book. It is an awkward subject, essentially because of gauge invariance". Additionally, although many texts treat the components of the electromagneticpotential as a 4-vector $A_mu$, Weinberg arguesin his QFT textbook: "...there is no ordinary four-vector field for massless particles of helicity $pm 1$"". The renormalization procedure is another problematic topic and Feynman called it in his QED book "a dippy process". These alarming quotationsencourage rigorous examination of themathematical framework of electrodynamics, thatthis work undertakes. It proves several quite unknown electromagnetic properties, and one of which explains why Weinberg's previous statement is right.
Category: Quantum Physics

On Causality in EPR Experiments — Taking Everett Interpretation as an Example

Authors: Brian Chang
Comments: 27 Pages.

This article points out that in the EPR experiment, there is no causal connection between the two sides. If a causal model wants to comply with the principle of common cause, it will lead to faster-than-light information propagation. Even if non-local latent variables are used as common factors, it does not mean that the measurement results on both sides can influence each other. They are only related to each other, but not corresponding causal relationships.
Category: Quantum Physics

Hyperbolic Quantum Time Evolution Kernel

Authors: Jouni Puuronen
Comments: 30 Pages.

We find calculational evidence supporting the hypothesis that the time evolution of a relativistic quantum wave function can be written using an integral kernel formulation that uses the wave function's past values on a relativistic hyperbola.
Category: Quantum Physics

The MM Theory: Explaining Quantum Mechanics Concepts Through MM Theory

Authors: Morteza Mahvelati
Comments: 13 Pages

This article examines and discusses concepts within the field of quantum mechanics. Specifically, this paper focuses on the idea of wave-particle duality within this field, by further examining the nature of light. The basic premise is rooted in MM theory, previously introduced and expanded upon in literature. Per MM theory, light is viewed as a wave of motion of momenta conveyed by an ensemble of M particles propagating harmonically in space. Through a deep analysis of the double-slit experiment, this paper aims to illustrate the manner by which MM theory provides a complete and thorough understanding of the nature of light and the basic fundamentals of quantum physics.The discussion centres on highlighting how the MM theory offers a comprehensive interpretation of various observations such as interreference patterns and illuminates the underlying mechanisms at play. By viewing light as a wave of momenta, seemingly contradictory observations are logically addressed and reconciled. The theory further demonstrates how the detection process can disrupt the wave pattern and leads to the collapse of the interference patterns observed. Furthermore, this article challenges the fundamental aspects of quantum mechanics, such as indeterminism and the role of measurement. Via MM theory’s examination of quantum measurements, the concepts of observer dependency and hidden variables are challenged. This ultimately suggests that quantum phenomena are inherently deterministic and can be predefined using known variables. In conclusion, this paper challenges the fundamental framework of quantum mechanics, offering deeper insights into the nature of light and the wave-particle duality via the deterministic approach derived from the MM theory and paves the way for further experimentation and study in this field.
Category: Quantum Physics

The Epistemology of Quantum Physics

Authors: Taha Sochi
Comments: 258 Pages.

This book is about the epistemology of quantum physics and its interpretation as a scientific theory in its technical form. The contents of the book are essentially of non-formal nature although the formalism of quantum mechanics is also investigated (rather briefly) inline with the needs and requirements of the epistemological investigation and considerations. The reader should note that a general scientific and mathematical background (at the undergraduate level) is required to understand the book properly and appreciate its contents.
Category: Quantum Physics

Zitterbewegung and the Wheeler-Feynman Time-Symmetric Theory

Authors: James Conor O'Brien
Comments: 7 Pages.

A discussion of Zitterbewegung for the [new] model, suggesting Zitterbewegung should not exist for real on-shell matter and might exist for the off-shell virtual particles—giving a test for the Wheeler-Feynman Electromagnetic Four-Vector Potential Time-Symmetric Theory (W.F.E.M.F.V.P.T.S.T.). This paper is an extention of a previous paper A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Potential [O’Brien 2018] in the context of Zitterbewegung.
Category: Quantum Physics