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[15] viXra:2206.0166 [pdf] submitted on 2022-06-30 17:21:31
Authors: Alireza Jamali
Comments: 17 Pages. (Correction made by viXra Admin - Fictitious or vanity affiliation is not permitted) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Comments and objections are welcome.
According to our current understanding of quantum mechanics, a ‘measurement’ violates unitarity. In other words as the act of measurement ‘resets’ the probabilities described by the Schrödinger equation, in the very ‘moment’ of the collapse of the wavefunction, conservation of probability does not hold. To make progress in our understanding of the measurement problem it is thus expected that one must encompass in a single equation both otherwise mutually-exclusive processes of measurement and unitary evolution. In this light, turning to the continuity equation, we realize the possibility that if we allow for existence of sources and sinks in the ‘fluid of probability’ we get closer to such a theory by arriving at nonlinear generalizations of Schrödinger and Klein-Gordon equations. The generalized equations derived are then shown to satisfy all conditions that are expected from a proper generalization: simplification to their linear counterparts by a well-defined dynamical condition, and Galilean and Lorentz invariance.
Category: Quantum Physics
[14] viXra:2206.0165 [pdf] submitted on 2022-06-30 17:38:31
Authors: Naohiro Ozawa
Comments: (Note by viXra dmin: Please submit article in pdf only by combining text and figure; please also fill in correct page number on the Submission Form - Future non-compliant submission will be rejected without notice)
The view of the Standard Model on the β decay of neutrons through “weak interaction” is that neutrons break down to form protons ( ) and weak bosons ( ) and finally into protons, electron and anti-electron neutrinos. The three quarks ( , , ) that compose neutrons are joined by “strong interaction,” so bonds formed by “strong interaction” supposedly cannot be broken by “weak interaction,” which is far weaker than “strong interaction.” Nevertheless, neutrons do decay. Further, the three quarks ( , , ) that form neutrons are fundamental particles, and it should not be possible for other fundamental particles to emerge from these three fundamental particles. Nevertheless, not only does ( , , ) change into ( , , ), but electrons and anti-electron-neutrinos, which are fundamental particles, also emerge. This must not have a double meaning. As shown here, there are multiple contradictions in “weak interaction” of the Standard Model.
In this paper, “weak interaction” is mediated by the -ons group that results from the working of “strong interaction” STEP 1 that was described in a previous paper and acts on the nucleons group ( , , , ) that resulted from STEP 2. In other words, at the point immediately prior to the emergence of “weak interaction,” all the particles that existed in the universe were used in order to make “weak interaction” emerge. The “weak interaction” in this paper refers to the “strong interaction” bonds composed of neutrons and -ons first being dissolved by “strong interaction.” As such, the reason why neutrons change to protons is just because the -quark of the neutron is replaced with the -quark of the -on.
Category: Quantum Physics
[13] viXra:2206.0159 [pdf] submitted on 2022-06-29 20:02:08
Authors: Naohiro Ozawa
Comments: 20 Pages.
The conclusion of this paper is that the “strong interaction” that emerged as the universe developed through the mediation of two pairs of four types of neutrinos ( , , , ) acted on two pairs of four types of quarks/anti-quarks ( , , , ) to form two particle groups each having an electrical charge composition of (+1, -1, 0, 0) [the -on group ( , , , ) and the nucleon group ( , , , )], which became the constituent materials for 120 types of atomic nuclei/anti-atomic nuclei. That is, the emergence of “strong interaction” is the physical force that shouldered the central role within the causal chain that was the development of the universe: from neutrino and quark/anti-quark → nucleon/anti-nucleon → electron/positron, atomic nuclei/anti-atomic nuclei → elements/anti-elements and so on.
The quark chromodynamics on “strong interaction” of the Standard Model however accounts for the emergence of “strong interaction” as basically the result of the union of three colors/anti-colors of quarks/anti-quarks and is, therefore, no more than the result of a random accident. Hence, the principle of “strong interaction” according to the Standard Model is not a causal property that emerged in line with the flow of the development of the universe. For that reason, it is not possible for this principle to organize and connect the past, the present, and the future in a sophisticated manner.
Category: Quantum Physics
[12] viXra:2206.0155 [pdf] submitted on 2022-06-29 11:54:43
Authors: Friedrich-Karl Boese
Comments: 18 Pages.
The motion of particles in the Newton/Mach universe is studied, especially their interaction with its collective properties, namely the universal existence and propagation of waves. It turns out that the motion of individual masses or local mass distributions is not only described correctly in relativistic terms on this basis, but that there is also a fundamental connection to quantum theory. A quantitative relationship between Planck's constant and fundamental parameters of the universe is derived. It does not appear to be a natural constant. The quantum property of nature seems to follow from Newton's laws, or at least correspond to them in a deeper way than previously known. Gravity and the quantum character of nature appear to be fundamentally linked within the Newton/Mach theory.
Category: Quantum Physics
[11] viXra:2206.0152 [pdf] replaced on 2023-07-26 19:05:28
Authors: Jonathan W. Tooker
Comments: 306 Pages. Minor updates, fixed an error in Section 60
The purpose is to review and lay out a plan for future inquiry pertaining to the modified cosmological model (MCM) and its overarching research program. The material is modularized as a catalog of open questions that seem likely to support productive research work. The main focus is quantum theory, but the material spans a breadth of physics and mathematics. Cosmology is heavily weighted, and some Millennium Prize problems are included. A comprehensive introduction contains a survey of falsifiable MCM predictions and associated experimental results. Listed problems include original ideas deserving further study as well as investigations of others' work when it may be germane. A longstanding and important conceptual hurdle in the approach to MCM quantum gravity is resolved with a framework for quantum cosmology time arrow eigenstates. A new elliptic curve application is presented. With several exceptions, the presentation is high-level and qualitative. Formal analyses are mostly relegated to the future work which is the topic of this book. Sufficient technical context is given that third parties might independently undertake the suggested work units.
Category: Quantum Physics
[10] viXra:2206.0124 [pdf] submitted on 2022-06-23 21:06:56
Authors: Ankur S. Bhatt, F. M. Becker
Comments: 17 Pages.
Here a correlation to the exact fine-structure constant is found. This derivation suggests that the fine structure constant can be theoretically determined as a Lambert function that utilizes the spectrum range of all the energy modes (radiation modes) that fit inside the observable universe between the particle horizon down to Planck Length. Alternatively, this also could be interpreted as the Lambert function of the particle horizon in natural units. Several methods use hyperbolic geometry to achieve full convergence. A compilation of various convergent equations are found to represent the fine structure constant.
Category: Quantum Physics
[9] viXra:2206.0123 [pdf] replaced on 2022-06-23 23:47:22
Authors: Rajeev Kumar
Comments: 3 Pages.
In this paper a quantum-wave theory of light has been presented in order to explain the dual nature of light.
Category: Quantum Physics
[8] viXra:2206.0118 [pdf] submitted on 2022-06-22 09:01:52
Authors: Karl De Paepe
Comments: 2 Pages.
Two paradoxes in quantum mechanics for two particles on a circle are presented.
Category: Quantum Physics
[7] viXra:2206.0111 [pdf] submitted on 2022-06-20 23:18:57
Authors: J. A. J. van Leunen
Comments: 6 Pages. Dit is onderdeel van het Hilbert Book Model project
Het genereren van getallenstelsels onthult het grootste deel van de structuur en het gedrag van ons universum. Een systeem van Hilbertruimten die allemaal dezelfde onderliggende vectorruimte delen, beschrijft alle aspecten van het dynamische veld dat ons universum vertegenwoordigt.
Category: Quantum Physics
[6] viXra:2206.0108 [pdf] submitted on 2022-06-20 14:04:46
Authors: Paul Mirsky
Comments: 38 Pages.
Notes to accompany Lecture 8 of Lectures on Symmetry Optics.
Category: Quantum Physics
[5] viXra:2206.0107 [pdf] submitted on 2022-06-20 14:05:43
Authors: Paul Mirsky
Comments: 6 Pages.
Appendix to accompany Lecture 8 of Lectures on Symmetry Optics.
Category: Quantum Physics
[4] viXra:2206.0070 [pdf] submitted on 2022-06-14 11:38:08
Authors: Sarma Gullapalli
Comments: 6 Pages.
On the question of wave-particle duality, from the historic Bohr-Einstein debates a century ago, to this day, the view expressed in Niels Bohr’s Complementarity Principle has become well established, confirmed by numerous experiments: If the observation is for wave nature, then the particle changes to wave, and if the observation is for particle nature, then the particle remains particle. However, recently this view has been challenged. With proof based on the definition of wave function, it has been shown that particle always remains particle and its wave function always remains wave, no mysterious change from particle to wave and vice versa.
Category: Quantum Physics
[3] viXra:2206.0057 [pdf] submitted on 2022-06-12 21:27:28
Authors: Lucian M. Ionescu
Comments: 4 Pages.
The quark model for baryons within the Standard Model yields gravity as a correction to the Electromagnetic interaction.
It leads to a tangent bundle Coulomb Law, orientation dependent, with direction dependent coupling term besides the usual electric force, which is responsible for gravitational attraction.
Hence Gravity is not a fundamental force, has a quantum origin and can be controlled by dynamically orienting the spin directions.
Category: Quantum Physics
[2] viXra:2206.0042 [pdf] submitted on 2022-06-09 21:27:43
Authors: Vitaliy Zamsha, Vladimir Shevtsov, Gennady Shipov
Comments: 6 Pages.
In this short paper Authors described prototype of the communication system based on the
quantum entanglement between two related objects. Presented a short introduction to the
phenomena of the quantum entanglement and how it manifests in the living organisms and
how it can be used with non-living objects. Represented construction of the communication
system and shown some test results.
Category: Quantum Physics
[1] viXra:2206.0031 [pdf] submitted on 2022-06-06 07:36:25
Authors: Gerard van der Ham
Comments: 2 Pages.
Perception of an object from two opposite directions give contradictive results. Acknowledgement of this fact is necessary to understand Bell experiments correctly and that is of great importance concerning the interpretation of the Quantum Theory.
Category: Quantum Physics
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