| viXra.org > Quantum Physics > 2111 |
 |
 |
| viXra.org > Quantum Physics > 2111 |
|
|
[18] viXra:2111.0155 [pdf] submitted on 2021-11-29 15:57:54
Authors: Blazej Kot
Comments: 12 Pages.
Motion has traditionally been defined extrinsically, as the change in the position of an object, such as a particle, over time. In previous work titled "Motion From a Particle's Point of View: An Interpretation of the Double Slit Experiment" we argued that this definition of motion is incomplete and that it is using it which leads to the "weirdness" of quantum mechanics, as exemplified by the double slit experiment. We proposed an alternative intrinsic definition of motion, using which we claimed quantum mechanics can be understood without weirdness. In this paper, we extend this previous work, which only considered constant-speed motion of a single particle, to the case of: first, multiple particles in constant-speed motion; and, second, the case of multiple accelerating, that is, interacting, particles. We show we can in this way recover the key equations and phenomena of both special and general relativity. By showing that the intrinsic definition of motion underlies the theories of special and general relativity, as well as quantum mechanics, we propose it may be of use in developing a theory of quantum gravity.
Category: Quantum Physics
[17] viXra:2111.0143 [pdf] submitted on 2021-11-26 21:49:08
Authors: X. D. Dongfang
Comments: 9 Pages.
Quantum mechanics based on Planck hypothesis and statistical interpretation of wave function has achieved great success in describing the discrete law of micro motion. However, the idea of quantum mechanics has not been successfully used to describe the discrete law of macro motion, and the causality implied in the Planck hypothesis and the application scope of the basic principles of quantum mechanics have not been clarified. In this paper, we first introduce the angular motion law and its application, which seems to be of no special significance as a supplement to the perfect classical mechanics, but plays an irreplaceable role in testing whether the core mathematical procedure of quantum mechanics of operator evolution wave equation satisfies the unitary principle. Then, the operator evolution wave equations corresponding to the angular motion law are discussed, and the necessity of generalized optimization of differential equations are illustrated by the form of ordinary differential equations. Finally, the real wave equation which is superior to the Schr\"{o}dinger equation in physical meaning but not necessarily the ultimate answer is briefly introduced. The implicit conclusion is that Hamiltonian can not be the only inevitable choice of constructing wave equation in quantum mechanics, and there is no causal relationship between operator evolution wave equation and quantized energy in bound state system, which indicates that whether the essence of quantum mechanics can be completely revealed is the key to unify macro and micro quantized theory.
Category: Quantum Physics
[16] viXra:2111.0142 [pdf] submitted on 2021-11-27 18:06:52
Authors: Vishal Pandey
Comments: 7 Pages.
In the General Theory of Relativity it is being introduced that the energy of motion is converted to the mass of that particle or matter or we can say that are interchangeable. It has a wide range use in the nuclear physics. The whole equation E = mc2 is a relativistic mass-energy equivalence and the term “mass” is also relativistic in nature. In special relativity, however, the energy of a body at rest is determined to be mc2 . Thus, each body of rest mass m possesses mc2 of “rest energy,” which potentially is available for conversion
to other forms of energy. Here we initiated a equation from this if the Energy of motion has a vector form and it is in 3D space model as we know the energy of motion converted it to mass here
we can do it by quantum mechanics. We think of that if the energy of motion is equal to the kinetic energy (time-independent equation
from the Schrödinger equations) then we can solve the vector form of the energy and can find how much mass is being converted from the energy of motion(vector form). Here we have taken the kinetic energy from the Schrödinger equations not that from kinematics if we do then the speed of light will be equal to the velocity of that particle, which is violating the law of relativity thus I used the Schrödinger equations for simplicity .We got the equation and we have to do some calculation of the partial differentials and if the value of M 0 is coming to be negative then the particle doesn’t exist and else we can find
the mass converted and also the existence of that particle or matter of the universe. By this process, we can get the mass, the existence
of matter/particle in this universe for that instance. We can use it if the energy is in the vector form and given some distance traveled
in vacuum/air for some definite time we will get the desired result of mass.
Category: Quantum Physics
[15] viXra:2111.0112 [pdf] submitted on 2021-11-24 13:39:14
Authors: Eyal Buks
Comments: 766 Pages.
quantum mechanics lecture notes
Category: Quantum Physics
[14] viXra:2111.0107 [pdf] replaced on 2021-11-23 18:51:27
Authors: X. D. Dongfang
Comments: 5 Pages.
The quantum model of valence electron generation orbital penetration of alkali metal elements with unique stable structure is investigated. The electric field outside the atomic kernel is usually expressed by the Coulomb field of the point charge mode, and the composite electric field in atomic kernel can be equivalent to the electric field inside the sphere with uniform charge distribution or other electric fields without divergence point. The exact solutions of two Schrodinger equations for the bound state of the Coulomb field outside the atom and the binding state of the equivalent field inside the atom determine two different quantization energy formulas respectively. Here we show that the atomic kernel surface is the only common zero potential surface that can be selected. When the orbital penetration occurs, the law of conservation of energy requires that the energy level formulas of the two bound states must have corresponding quantum numbers to make them equal. As a result, there is no solution to the quantum number equation, indicating that the two quantum states of the valence electron are incompatible. This irreconcilable contradiction shows that the quantized energy of quantum mechanics cannot absolutely satisfy the law of conservation of energy.
Category: Quantum Physics
[13] viXra:2111.0100 [pdf] replaced on 2021-11-24 21:17:11
Authors: Jean-Yves Boulay
Comments: 15 Pages.
The graphic charting of atomic orbitals into the form of chevrons suggests the existence of stealth orbitals occupying the quantum vacant space of the various electronic shells. It is proposed here, the hypothesis that these quantum gates allow transit of electrons from orbital to another, and that these gates can be accesses to quantum singularities without space-time. Singular arithmetic arrangements in the distribution of real and stealthy orbitals of certain genetic code components reinforces the hypothesis to existence of these quantum gates.
Category: Quantum Physics
[12] viXra:2111.0096 [pdf] submitted on 2021-11-21 17:32:24
Authors: Espen Gaarder Haug
Comments: 7 Pages.
The Planck constant is considered one of the most important universal constants of physics, but its physical nature still has not been fully understood. Further investigation and new perspectives on this quantity should therefore be of interest. We demonstrate that the Planck constant can be directly linked to the Compton frequency of one divided by the Compton frequency of one kg. This further implies that the Planck constant is related to the quantization of matter, not only energy. We will also show that the frequency of one, when expressed in relation to kg, depends on the observation time. This new interpretation of the Planck constant could be an important step towards more in-depth understanding its physical nature, and potentially explaining the origin of the mass-gap and the rest mass of a photon.
Category: Quantum Physics
[11] viXra:2111.0088 [pdf] submitted on 2021-11-18 19:59:26
Authors: Branko Zivlak
Comments: 3 Pages. 1 Table, 6 Formulas [Corrections made by viXra Admin to conform with the requirements on the Submission Form]
The masses of Bosons are expressed dimensionless in relation to the mass of the Hypothetical Fundamental Particle. Such a presentation enabled the gradation and rooting of dimensionless quantities and determination of the relationship between Boson masses.
Category: Quantum Physics
[10] viXra:2111.0086 [pdf] submitted on 2021-11-17 21:02:46
Authors: Yi Cao
Comments: 35 Pages.
{N,n} QM contains two major parts: the Bohr formula-based part and the Schrodinger equation-based part. 1) For the Bohr formula-based part, after combining all results from the previous SunQM series papers, a {N,n//6} QM Structure (Master) Periodic Table (with N = -23..15, n = 1..12) is established. A summarized result of the {N,n//6} QM structure has been given for each region of this (Master) Periodic Table, including the cosmic {N,n//6} QM (at N > 5), the Solar {N,n//6} QM (at N= 5..-5), the chemical bond dominated world (at N= -2..-11), the atomic and nuclear {N,n//6} QM (at N= -12..-15), and the elementary particles and sub-quark {N,n//6} QM (at N ≤ -16). The common properties (that across all regions of the Master Period Table) has been discussed. For example, by adding many short-life intermediate states (n’ = 1..6^6) in between the major quantum state n=1..5, we can transform a quantum description (with n=1..5} into a (continuous) classical physics description (with n’ = 1..6^6). 2) For the Schrodinger equation-based part, we summarized that how to use {N,n//6} QM plus non-Born probability (NBP) plus Simultaneous-Multi-Eigen-Description (SMED) to describe a planet (or an atom in this planet) that orbiting around Sun, and a photon that propagating away (or towards to) a (Bohr) atom (and it can also be used for a 180° scattering). We further discussed the possibility to extend this description for any kind of movement (elliptical/parabolic/hyperbolic orbiting, scattering, etc.), with any inclination/eccentricity/precession. We also discussed how to use Schrodinger equation/solution for the N-body movement description. We pointed out that there is a conceptual difference between the {N,n} QM and the traditional QM in describing the H-atom’s electron orbit: while the probability (i.e., the Born probability) is the foundation of the traditional QM, the single trajectory (i.e., NBP peak’s time-dependent trajectory) is the foundation of the {N,n} QM (although this single trajectory will pick one of the many possible tracks based on the probability). 3) In the cosmic {N,n//6} QM, we explored the possibility that those super large cosmic “great walls” with distances ~ 9E+9 light-years from Earth are the (~ 9E+9 years old) self-images of our own Milky Way galaxy and be viewed at different angles. If this is correct, then our universe may should be a positive curved 3D space, with the circumference of ~ 9E+9 light-years. This means, just like we are practically living in the 2D spherical space on the surface of a 3D ball something (i.e., a planet), we may practically live in the 3D spherical space on the surface of a 4D ball something. 4) We pointed out that the wave mechanics is equally powerful as that of particle mechanics in solving a QM problem, and a particle mechanics based holographic-description and SMED is waiting to be developed. 5) Because the Bohr formula rn = r1 * n^2 correlates to the (free-fall) accelerated distance formula d = (1/2) *g *t^2 and Newton formula F = m * a, we believed that Bohr formula is the Number-One important formula in physics. We believed that all these results make {N,n} QM theory becomes one of the most (roughly) completed and (roughly) self-consistent theories in physics.
Category: Quantum Physics
[9] viXra:2111.0061 [pdf] replaced on 2021-11-27 13:49:52
Authors: Robert L. Jackson
Comments: 11 Pages. contact at rljacksonmd@gmail.com
Quantum Field Theory, or QFT, is a well-accepted set of theories used in particle physics that involves Lagrangian mechanics. An individual can generate a rich variety of Hamiltonian equation systems from the Lagrangian associated QFT to describe simultaneous or cofounding processes which occur in particle physics. Unfortunately, the equation systems associated with QFT are relatively hard to solve. This paper will show that the generating function technique (GFT) can be used to directly solve these equation systems while also producing renormalization results. The usage of the latter is necessary to display the consistency of the solutions and equation systems. Ultimately, an astute scientist in QFT can claim GFT is a valuable tool to be utilized in the field of particle physics.
Category: Quantum Physics
[8] viXra:2111.0052 [pdf] submitted on 2021-11-11 08:40:21
Authors: Marcello Colozzo
Comments: 3 Pages.
We study the spin correlation (aQuantum Entanglement) in a low energy
proton-proton scattering. The nonrelativistic regime allows us to apply the
first quantization framework. Finally, we will show that the Quantum
Entanglement processes do not involve the transmission of information as the
results of the measurements are in general 100\% uncorrelated. In the
framework of the Theory of signals, this corresponds to a white noise.
Category: Quantum Physics
[7] viXra:2111.0042 [pdf] replaced on 2021-12-24 01:26:50
Authors: Kim Jeong Hee, Korea Busan
Comments: 18 Pages.
Every quantum entity has the complementarity of a wave and a particle. According to the theory of decoherence that presents the criterion for the particle state versus the wave state, the state is dependent on the interaction that causes decoherence. When a quantum entity is in a state of coherence, it indicates that the entity is in a state of superposition with the property of a wave, and when it interacts to cause decoherence, the entity has a property of a particle. This paper presents an investigation of the reason for the nature of the decoherence and complementarity. In this paper, it is proposed that decoherence creates time, which is explained in terms of a discontinuity in space–time. According to the theory of quantum gravity, in the microscopic world, it is argued that the time variable cannot be used and time does not exist. In contrast, the time variable is used as one of the physical quantities of the macroscopic world. In other words, time exists in the macroscopic world and is defined as a physical quantity. Then, the criterion for demarcating the microscopic world, with no existence of time, and the macroscopic world, with the existence of time, is a relevant question. In this paper, it is proposed that decoherence serves as the criterion––that is, in the state of coherence without interactions, there is no passage of time and time has no significance, and when decoherence is created by interactions, time is created in the macroscopic world. Based on this concept and the discontinuity of time argued in the theory of quantum gravity, the concept of complementarity is also explained herein.
Category: Quantum Physics
[6] viXra:2111.0041 [pdf] submitted on 2021-11-08 05:35:51
Authors: Henok Tadesse
Comments: 5 Pages.
Quantum mechanics (QM ) only gives a partial explanation of the stability of atomic orbitals. QM says that the electrons in an atom exist only in stable, discrete, allowable orbits. But it does not tell us how the electron enters such stable orbit in the first place and how it stays there indefinitely. The stability of the nucleus is also one of the unsolved mysteries in physics. What is the force holding protons together in the nucleus, overcoming the tremendous electrostatic repulsive force between them? The strong nuclear force and the weak nuclear force, two of the supposed four fundamental forces in the universe, have been invented to explain nuclear forces. This paper reveals a new theory on how protons can exist together in the nucleus without invoking any kind of new force. The weak force naturally arises from the new explanation for the strong force.
Category: Quantum Physics
[5] viXra:2111.0036 [pdf] submitted on 2021-11-06 21:39:52
Authors: Jean-Yves Boulay
Comments: 8 Pages.
It is proposed here to represent the quantum distribution of atomic orbitals in an unprecedented table where the quantum shells and subshells are drawn in the form of chevrons whose vertices are occupied by orbitals with the magnetic quantum number m = 0. This new representation visually shows, much better than a classic linear chart, the relationship between the number of quantum shells and the number of orbitals . Also, this new visual model can be easily used in the individual quantum depiction of the atoms represented alone or into molecules and can find its place in illustration of some two-dimensional space-time quantum theories.
Category: Quantum Physics
[4] viXra:2111.0029 [pdf] submitted on 2021-11-04 21:21:56
Authors: Braeden Welsch, Christopher Thron
Comments: 7 Pages. 4 figures
In this article give a very simple presentation of Bell's inequality by comparing it to a ``quantum game show'', followed by a simple description of Aspect's 1985 experiment involving entangled photons which confirms the inequality.
The entire article is non-technical and requires no mathematical background other than high school mathematics and an understanding of basic concepts in probability. The physics involved in Aspect's experiment is also explained.
Category: Quantum Physics
[3] viXra:2111.0019 [pdf] submitted on 2021-11-03 08:26:18
Authors: Han Geurdes
Comments: 8 Pages. No Dutch speaking intimidation please. Just factual comments.
Margenau wanted to see reduction of the wave packet in terms of the Schrödinger equation. Here we will look at it in terms of non-locality.
Category: Quantum Physics
[2] viXra:2111.0018 [pdf] submitted on 2021-11-03 10:05:04
Authors: Koji Nagata, Do Ngoc Diep, Tadao Nakamura
Comments: 7 pages
Our aim is of studying the efficiency of two typical arithmetic calculations
{[T. Nakamura and K. Nagata,
Int. J. Theor. Phys. {\bf 60}, 70 (2021)]}
using the principle of quantum mechanics.
We demonstrate some evaluations of
three two-variable functions
which are elements of a boolean algebra composed of the four-atom set
utilizing the Bernstein--Vazirani algorithm.
This is faster than a classical apparatus, which would require
$2^{12}=4096$ evaluations.
Finally, using the three two-variable functions evaluated here, we demonstrate two typical arithmetic calculations
in the binary system.
Hence, our calculations are
faster than a classical apparatus, which would require
$2^{12}=4096$ evaluations.
Category: Quantum Physics
[1] viXra:2111.0006 [pdf] submitted on 2021-11-01 20:22:19
Authors: Peter Cameron
Comments: Pages.
A QED model of minimally complete eight-component Dirac wavefunction interactions is introduced, followed by calculation details of quantized interaction impedance networks. This is important. Impedance matching governs amplitude and phase of energy/information transmission, opening a new window on the Standard Model. Application of the model to the Hydrogen atom, unstable particle lifetimes, matching to the Planck length and boundary of the observable universe, and branching ratio calculations are presented. Video to follow.
Category: Quantum Physics
| Third-Party Links: |
|