Quantum Physics

Light Propagation

Authors: Didier Viel
Comments: 11 Pages. Licence CC BY-NC-ND

Light propagation is a stone in the construction of A. Einstein SR theory and the comment he made in 1921 is still relevant. The existence of or non existence of a medium for the light propagation has not yet been given a clear answer. It is admited nowadays that light propagates in vaccum", without knowing its nature. Even if we call "vaccum" the medium for the propagation of light, to not say "ether", it is still a mystery how this medium behaves inside transparent matter in motion relative to space. The negation of the term "ether" comes from debates about experiments made in 19th century when stellar aberration was discovered and which gave rise to the Augustin Fresnel proposition of the "entrainment of ether by matter". Hyppolite Fizeau validated this concept with an experiment in which light is propagating through moving water and which was confirmed by Michelson, a few years later, in water and air. To have a clearer idea of the cohabitation of the two entities, matter and ether, Michelson initiated the issue of the behaviour of light in moving matter through ether ("ether wind") which was not treated by Fizeau experiment. The Michelson and Morley experiment was devoted to demonstrate the effect of the earth's motion through space on light propagation. The results obtained are still in controversial. In this paper we shows that the results obtained by Michelson, which were not null, can be explained by a new model of light propagation in transparent matter in motion through space.
Category: Quantum Physics

New Law or Boundary Condition of Electromagnetic Wave Theory

Authors: Shuang-Ren Zhao
Comments: Pages.

According to Maxwell's electromagnetic theory or classical electromagnetic theory, if there is a changing current on the antenna, an electromagnetic wave will be induced around the antenna, which can propagate in space. When the electromagnetic wave propagates to the receiving antenna, the electromagnetic wave transfers the electromagnetic energy and momentum to the receiving antenna. The receiving antenna receives the electromagnetic signal. The above discussion is the standard description of electromagnetic wave in almost all electromagnetic field textbooks. The author found this description wrong. According to Wheeler Feynman's absorber theory, the radiation generated by the transmitting antenna is not only determined by the changing current of the transmitting antenna, but also affected by the current changes of the environmental materials. The material absorbing electromagnetic wave affects the transmitting antenna by radiating the advanced wave. The author supports Wheeler Feynman's view. Maxwell's electromagnetic theory needs to satisfy the Sliver-Muller radiation condition. This condition actually describes that a good absorber material has been arranged at the far field of the transmitting antenna, which can absorb all the radiated electromagnetic waves. Considering these, the author establishes a new electromagnetic theory, in which all transmitting antennas, absorber materials are near the origin. It is assumed that no matter on the sphere with infinite radius can absorb electromagnetic waves, so electromagnetic waves cannot transmit electromagnetic energy to infinity. The author adds this idea to Maxwell's electromagnetic theory. That is to add a boundary condition for Maxwell's electromagnetic theory that radiation does not overflow the universe. This boundary condition must be in conflict with Maxwell's electromagnetic theory. Because the far field of Maxwell's electromagnetic theory can only take the Sliver-Muller radiation condition. However, the author finds that we can relax Maxwell's equation appropriately. In fact, the author relaxes the mutual energy principle equivalent to Maxwell's equation. The relaxed mutual energy principle can add new boundary condition that radiation does not overflow the universe. This constitutes a new electromagnetic theory.
Category: Quantum Physics

Axioms for a Differential Geometric Approach to the Von Neumann’s Theory of Quantum Measurement

Authors: Moninder Singh Modgil
Comments: 17 Pages.

This papers introduces axioms for von Neumann’s theory of quantum measurement in a differential geometric framework. Our visual perception places us (observers) at the origin of a 3-dimensional cartesian coordinate system. So the first axiom is that Observers can be regarded as point objects/particles. Our second axiom is that perceptual experiences can be regarded as occurring on a tangent space at the point where the Observer is located. Due to our psychological experience of time asymmetry, we have the third axiom that, the observer is traversing irreversibly along the future time-like direction, on the (3+1) dimensional space-time manifold. Interaction between Observers is discussed at classical and quantum mechanical levels. Quantum mechanical experiments such as those of Schrodinger’s Cat, and the Quantum Zeno Effect, are examined; keeping in view, the information processing and flicker rate, with in the brain. It is anticipated that as the spatial and temporal resolution, of real time brain investigation techniques, such as the functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID), Magneto-Encephalo-Gram (MEG), Electro-Encephalo-Gram (EEG), reach a critical level — the Quantum Measurement Processes within the brain, would be open to study experimentally.
Category: Quantum Physics

Relation of Anomalous Magnetic Dipole Moments of Leptons

Authors: Branko Zivlak
Comments: 2 Pages.

The relation of anomalous magnetic dipole moments of three charged leptons is assumed.
Category: Quantum Physics

Schr"odinger-Robertson Uncertainty Relation Which Depends on the Quantum Phase Transition

Authors: Koji Nagata, Do Ngoc Diep, Tadao Nakamura
Comments: 7 pages

We derive the Schr"odinger--Robertson uncertainty relation which depends on the quantum phase transition.Our general uncertainty relationasserts, in different times $t$ and $t'$,a fundamental limit to the precision with which certain pairs of physical properties of a particle known as complementary variables, such as its position at time $t$ ($hat{x}(t)$) and momentum at time $t'$ ($hat{p}(t')$), can be known. It turns out that the uncertainty relation is valid for different times $t$ and $t'$.Additionally, it turns out that the formula is natural from the understandable upper limit inthe Bloch sphere, in qubits handling,and the meaningful lower limit (exactly zero).We hope the new formula is useful for analyzing for several systems in condensed matter and certain atomic nuclei in which such phase transitions can be observed.
Category: Quantum Physics

Experimental Versus Theoretical Mass of U and D-Quarks

Authors: Sjaak Uitterdijk
Comments: 3 Pages.

A theoretical study on the subject led to the discovery of even more discrepancies and strange results in modern physics.
Category: Quantum Physics

Mathematical Digital Quantum Computation by Means of Much More Logical Skills

Authors: Koji Nagata, Tadao Nakamura
Comments: 14 Pages. Quantum Studies: Mathematics and Foundations, (Accepted 2024.02.09).

We expand Deutsch's algorithm for determining the mappings of a logical function by using four orthogonal states. Using this, we propose a parallel computation for all of the combinations of values in variables of a logical function by using sixteen orthogonal states.As an application of our algorithm, we demonstrate two typical arithmetic calculations in the binary system. We study an efficiency for operating a full adder/half adder by quantum-gated computing. The two typical arithmetic calculations are $(1+1)$ and $(2+3)$.The typical arithmetic calculation $(2+3)$is faster than that of its classical apparatus which would require $4^3=64$ steps when we introduce the full adder operation. Another typical arithmetic calculation $(1+1)$is faster than that of its classical apparatus which would require $4^2=16$ steps when we introduce only the half adder operation.
Category: Quantum Physics

Unification of Classical and Quantum Theory Based on a Combination of Special Relativity and Sampling Theory

Authors: Norman Graves
Comments: 62 Pages.

The assumption that angular momentum is quantized underpins all of quantum theory. Theassumption is at best, questionable and most likely false because it violates the tenets of the scientific method. A new model is proposed for the hydrogen atom which does not rely on this assumption and is instead based on a combination of a sampling process and special relativity. It is postulated that certain orbital velocity terms are themselves affected by relativity. This leads to a planetary model for the atom in which the electron orbits at near light speed and at a constant radius independent of the energy level, thus obviating the need for changes in radius with energy level and the attendant changes in potential energy. The atom is no longer seen as a nebulous cloud, but as a particle in the conventional sense.The model provides explanations for many incomprehensible phenomena associated with current theories. The dynamics involved are recognizably those of Newton and Einstein. It provides a simple mechanical explanation for the discrete energy levels of the atom, why synchrotron radiation does not occur, the nature of the fine structure constant and zero-point energy and the reason why Planck’s constant is a constant. It does so under a single set of physical laws and so it effectively unites classical and quantum mechanics.
Category: Quantum Physics

光结电子结构模型简介
Brief Introduction of Electronic Structure Model of Light-Knot

Authors: Runsheng Tu
Comments: 4 Pages. In Chinese

高能光子衰变成电子-反电子偶过程的量子场论解释并不是很具体。假设最简圆偏振光子存在，且左旋和右旋最简圆偏振光子可以合成一个平面偏振光子。左旋（或右旋）最简圆偏振光子的能量达到一定程度且变直线传播为沿一个小圆周传播，形成具有稳恒场和定域特征的电子或正电子。这样的电子结构模型就是光结电子结构模型。这样，高能光子衰变成电子-反电子偶的过程就是,平面偏振光子分解为左旋和右旋最简圆偏振光子，接着沿闭合路径传播而构成电子和反电子。

The explanation of quantum field theory for the decay of high-energy photons into electron antielectron pairs is not very specific. It is assumed that the simplest circularly polarized photon exists, and the sinistral and dextral simplest circularly polarized photons can be combined into a plane polarized photon. The energy of the sinistral (or dextral) simplest circularly polarized photon reaches a certain degree and propagates in a straight line along a small circle, forming an electron or positron with stable field and local characteristics. Such an electronic structure model is the light-knot electronic structure model. In this way, the decay process of high-energy photons into electron antielectron pairs is that plane polarized photons are decomposed into sinistral and dextral simplest circular polarized photons, and then propagate along a closed path to form electrons and antielectrons.
Category: Quantum Physics

Explanatory Principle no 1 in Quantum Physics: the Entropy-Lessness of Physical Subsystems with Apparent Retrocausality

Authors: Pavel Voráček
Comments: 2 Pages.

The EPR-phenomenon, usually described with the use of the rather mystical process of quantum entanglement, is consistenly explained here as a consequence of the ambivalence of the time direction in entropy-less physical subsystems of our world.
Category: Quantum Physics

Bell’s Theorem and Einstein’s Worry About Quantum Mechanics

Authors: Han Geurdes
Comments: 7 Pages. Only mathematical / physics discussion will be considered serious.

With the use of local dependency of probability density of local hidden variables on the instrument settings, it is demonstrated that Bell’s correlation formulation is incomplete. This result concurs with a previous computational violation close to quantum correlation with a computer model based on Einstein locality principles.
Category: Quantum Physics

Proposal for a Computation Procedure Based on Continuous-Variable Post-Selected Teleportation.

Authors: Roberto Bovolenta
Comments: 5 Pages.

In this paper, we analyze a potential procedure based on the combination of an alternativeinformation encoding system inside the state of an electromagnetic mode and on continuous-variable postselected teleportation, for speed up computational power of a classic architecture up to resolution ofproblems in PSPACE.
Category: Quantum Physics