Classical Physics

A List of Unresolved Problems in Physics [Which Might Be] Solved by the New Paradigm

Authors: Yefim Bakman
Comments: 3 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Further repetition will not be accepted)

The goal of this publication is to organize problems from various fields of physics [Which Might Be] resolved by the new paradigm.
Category: Classical Physics

Maxwell's Equations and Three Fundamental Axioms of Electromagnetism

Authors: Hongyuan Ye
Comments: 8 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please cite and list scientific references)

Based on the axiomatization thought of science proposed by Euclid, this study summarizes hundreds of electromagnetic theorems and formulas in the field of technical application into three fundamental axioms of electromagnetism: Coulomb's law, Lorentz’s law of magnetic field generation and Lorentz’s law of magnetic field force. Through the comparative analysis of the above three axioms of electromagnetism and Maxwell's equations, and it is revealed that the four equations contained in the Maxwell's equations are all wrong.
Category: Classical Physics

A Unified Theory of Gravity and Inertia

Authors: Dennis Braun
Comments: 28 Pages.

In this paper, we show how the phenomenon of inertia can be explained in non-relativistic classical mechanics using a unified theory of gravity and inertia. As a basis, we used the inertia-free mechanics of H.J. Treder. It can implement both Mach’s principle and the idea of inertia having a gravitational origin without the shortcomings of an anisotropic inertial mass. Inertia arises from a velocity-dependent part of the gravitational potential. Thus, it will be possible to formulate classical mechanics with postulating neither the weak equivalence principle, nor a gravitational constant, nor any concept of inertial mass or inertial forces a priori. We will show that all four can be derived from the theory. The theory is valid in arbitrary accelerated frames of reference and the inertial frames are determined by all other particles in the universe, as demanded by Mach’s principle. The exact Newtonian inertial forces will appear in any non-inertial frame, for translational and rotational acceleration, showing that they are not fictitious, but real parts of the gravitational force. In the lowest order v/c of the theory, Newtonian mechanics is obtained. The corrections that appear are shown to be just the terms present in Gravitoelectromagnetism. Ultimately, explaining inertia as a gravitational effect will allow us to derive an expression for the gravitational constant, enabling us to explain the apparent weakness of gravity. Such a unified theory of gravity and inertia has profound implications for the nature of mass and structure of elementary particles, as well as the origin of relativistic and quantum effects. This suggests a very different path towards a combined theory of relativity, gravity, and quantum mechanics, as well as elementary particles. This will be discussed in a subsequent paper.
Category: Classical Physics

The Universal Formula for Energy: he Fundamental Constant of Energy

Authors: Mykola Kosinov
Comments: 15 Pages.

A universal energy law is proposed in the form of a formula that includes the energy constant and dimensionless parameters. This way of representing the energy formula is a generalized equation for mechanical, electric, magnetic, gravitational and thermal energy. From one generalized energy equation directly follows: kinetic energy formula E=mV^2/2, quantum energy formula E=hν, Einstein formula E=mc^2, thermal energy formula E=3kBT/2, Joule-Lenz law, gravitational energy formula, electrical energy, magnetic energy, charged capacitor energy, inductance coil energy, rotational kinetic energy. The universal energy formula includes a single energy constant (Eo = 8.18710577... x 10^-14 J). The energy constant is numerically equal to the resting energy of the electron. Despite the electromagnetic status of this constant, it is a constant not only in the laws of electromagnetic energy, but also in the laws of mechanical energy, gravitational energy, and thermal energy. The dimensionless quantities are represented by the ratio of the used characteristics to the constants of these characteristics. The Universal formula of energy will facilitate the study and understanding of the laws of mechanics, gravitation and electromagnetism in the educational process.
Category: Classical Physics

The Reason for the Striking Similarity Between the Formulas of Coulomb's Law and Newton's Law of Gravitation: The Universal Formula of Force

Authors: Mykola Kosinov
Comments: 17 Pages.

It is shown that the similarity of the formulas of Newton's law of gravitation and Coulomb's law is not a coincidence. The reason for the similarity is that these laws are derived from a single law of force. The forces of inertia, gravitation, electric force, and magnetic force are represented by a single generalized law. A universal formula of force is derived for the generalized law of force interaction. Newton's law of gravity, Newton's second law, Coulomb's law of electrostatics, Ampere's law, Lorentz's law of force, and the centripetal force all follow from the universal formula of force as particular results. The interaction constant in the universal formula of force is the fundamental constant of force Fo = 29.0535101 N. This is the electromagnetic interaction force between two electrons. Despite the electromagnetic status of this constant, it enters both the laws of electromagnetism and the formulas of Newton's laws of mechanics. From the universal formula of force, the equation for calculating the Newtonian constant of gravitation G is derived. The formulas for calculating the Newtonian constant of gravitation G include Planck's constant, Sommerfeld's constant, and the fundamental constants of the electron. This is an unexpected result from the universal formula of force that affects the independent status of the constant G. The dependence of the Newtonian constant of gravitation G on the fundamental physical constants opens the way to obtain a more accurate value of the constant G by calculation. In solving the problem of increasing the accuracy of the Newtonian constant of gravitation G, an important role is assigned to large Dirac numbers. The universal formula of force allows one to elegantly and simply obtain the equation of any force interaction law in mechanics and in electromagnetism using the fundamental constant of force. The Universal formula of force will facilitate the study and understanding of the laws of mechanics and the laws of electromagnetism in the educational process
Category: Classical Physics

A New Law of Gravitational Force Beyond the Limits of Applicability of Newton's Law of Gravity

Authors: Mykola Kosinov
Comments: 6 Pages.

The law of cosmological gravitational force is proposed in addition to Newton's law of gravitation. The law operates beyond the limit of applicability of Newton's law of gravitation and is applicable to the gravitational interaction of the universe. The new law of gravitational force shows that any body of mass m is subject to the cosmological force proportional to the mass of the body and the cosmological constant Ʌ. The formula for the law of cosmological force is:F = (mc^2)√Ʌ.Instead of the gravitational constant G, the cosmological constant Ʌ is included in the cosmological force law. The new law gives the value of the force very close to the value of the Pioneer anomaly.
Category: Classical Physics

Baofeng UV-5R Improvements

Authors: Carlos Alejandro Chiappini
Comments: 5 Pages. In Spanish (email: carloschiappini@gmail.com)

This document exposes two problems. One is low voice volume in transmission, another is poor reception when there is electromagnetic noise in the operating band. The ways to alleviate these problems have been used in my equipment.

Este documento expone dos problemas. Uno es el volumen bajo de la voz en transmisión. Otro es la recepción deficiente cuando hay ruido electromagnético en la banda de operación. Las formas de aliviar estos problemas han sido utilizadasen mi equipo.
Category: Classical Physics

Newton's Law of Gravity + Law of Cosmological Force = Law of Universal Gravitation

Authors: Mykola Kosinov
Comments: 14 Pages.

The reason for the limitations of Newton's classical theory of gravitation is that classical gravitation remained an unfinished theory. Newton's formula FN = GMm/r^2 gives the force of gravitational interaction between two bodies. Accordingly, Newton's law formula gives only part of the force of universal gravitation and does not apply to the universe. In classical gravitation the additional cosmological force of gravitational interaction of bodies with the mass of the Universe remained undiscovered. The additional cosmological force is represented by a new law of gravitation, different from Newton's law. The law of cosmological force is presented using the cosmological constant Ʌ: FCos = mu2022c^2u2022√Ʌ. The cosmological force has a linear dependence on the mass of the body and does not obey the law of inverse squares. On small scales, the additional cosmological force is much smaller than the Newtonian force. On the scale of the Universe, the cosmological force exceeds the Newtonian force and has a theoretical limit equal to the Planck force FP = c^4/G = 1.21027u202210^44 N. This large force was not represented in the law of universal gravitation. A new mathematical formula for the law of universal gravitation is given. The law of universal gravitation is represented by two equations, Newton's law FN = GMm/r^2 and the law of cosmological force FCos = mu2022c^2u2022√Ʌ. The law of universal gravitation admits a quantum description of the gravitational interaction. It is shown that extended classical gravity has a high heuristic potential. The law of universal gravitation in extended form explains the mystery of galaxy rotation curves and the Pioneer Anomaly without involving the dark matter hypothesis.
Category: Classical Physics

Gravitational and Inertial Mass

Authors: Vincenzo Nardozza
Comments: 13 Pages.

Newtonian Gravitational fields have no kinetic energy. If they had, a moving mass would make fields variate around it and would give kinetic energy to space. In this paper we investigate the hypothesis that the energy of those varying fields could be responsible for the kinetic energy of a mass. To do that we have slightly modified Newtonian gravity to give kinetic energy to the fields and we have found that the integral of the kinetic energy of the varying fields around a moving mass is exactly (1/2)mv^2.This leads somehow to the equivalence of gravitational and inertial mass because the very same fields responsible for masses to attract each other, are the same fields that give inertia to a mass.
Category: Classical Physics

Impact of Propagation of Light on the General Theory of Relativity Influencing Einstein’s Researches on Gravitation

Authors: Bijon Kumar Sen
Comments: 10 Pages. 2 Figures; 1 Table

A closer analysis of the mathematical expressions for the description of linear and revolutionary motions reveals that the characteristics of these two motions are interconvertible under appropriate condition. Here, it is proposed that revolutionary motion is the only type of motion that exists in the universe and rectilinear motion is a special case of it. In case of propagation of light, this proposal fails in the terrestrial experiments but at astronomical distances the revolutionary motion of light was reported as experimental observations. Einstein considered the propagation of light rays in straight lines and in his general theory of relativity he proposed the bending of light rays as the effect of gravitational field of the Sun. According to him, force of gravity arises from the curvature of space-time. He tried to place gravitational force in line with electrical and magnetic interactions obeying Newton’s description of universal gravitation. This might be the leading cause that Einstein was not successful in interpreting the gravitation as well as the unified field theory.
Category: Classical Physics

The MM Theory: A Fundamental Revision of the Laws of Motion and Introducing Centrial Motion and Centrial Momentum

Authors: Morteza Mahvelati
Comments: 36 Pages.

In classical physics, linear and angular motion as well as linear and angular momentum have long been defined. In this paper it becomes apparent through analysis that there is much need for the presence and denotation for a new type of motion. As such, centrial motion is introduced and described as another form of motion not previously presented. Furthermore, a new form of momentum called centrial momentum is defined and elaborated. As a result, the motion of complex bodies can be analyzed and studied with much more simplicity and ease than previously done via classical physics. Along with the discussion of centrial motion and momentum, the concepts of linear motion based on the motion of momentum is also studied and analyzed and the law of motion of momentum is defined. Additionally, complex scenarios are introduced where the discussions assist in the much simpler understanding of the classical scenarios of the motions presented. It becomes readily apparent that the use of centrial motion equations and relationships derived are the best suited for the purposes of the study of these types of motions.In addition, in this paper, motion scenarios that cannot be explained by classical physics are discussed and adequately explained by presenting new concepts. Through deeper analyses, it is found that momentum is not conserved. However, the kinetic energy of an isolated system, if not transformed to other forms of energy, remains conserved.
Category: Classical Physics

Basic Electricity And Photon Energy Current

Authors: Chan Rasjid Kah Chew
Comments: 13 Pages. (Correction made by viXra Admin to conform with the requirements of viXra.org)

There is great misconceptions and confusion about how energy is transmitted by electric currents.The electric current carries no energy. It is the photon energy current within current-carrying conductors that transmits electrical energy. The magnetic fields surrounding current-carrying conductors play no part in electrical energy transmission. A simple classical derivation of Ohm's law is given. The working of the Zn/Cu Galvanic cell is examined; it is shown to be a photon generator.
Category: Classical Physics