| viXra.org > Quantum Physics > 2512 |
 |
 |
| viXra.org > Quantum Physics > 2512 |
|
|
[16] viXra:2512.0144 [pdf] submitted on 2025-12-30 03:15:10
Authors: Branko Zivlak
Comments: 4 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: An abstract in the article is required!)
In this paper, we calculate the masses of the proton and the neutron from the masses of the bare up and down quarks.
Category: Quantum Physics
[15] viXra:2512.0131 [pdf] submitted on 2025-12-27 23:21:18
Authors: Hai-Jun Wang
Comments: 6 Pages.
By analyzing the historical treatments of quantity momentum in different models, we revisit certain fundamental problems in quantum mechanics, e.g. how to understand quantum interference and quantum scattering. Logically, by taking over the physical picture of dressing cloud surrounding hadrons and applying it to the electromagnetic field dressed by charged particles, we find a deeper understanding of the microscopic property of electromagnetic field. It implies that the amplitude of momentum could be closely related to the oscillation of electromagnetic field dressed by charged particle. Consequently the definition of canonical momentum turns out to be interaction dependent.
Category: Quantum Physics
[14] viXra:2512.0120 [pdf] submitted on 2025-12-26 00:12:29
Authors: Gerard van der Ham
Comments: 5 Pages. 1 figure
Bell’s theorem states that no classical theory, based on local hidden variables, can fully describe the predictions of quantum mechanics. In other words: quantum mechanics is not compatible with local hidden variable theories. This theorem is wrong. That has been demonstrated by the results of previous papers, showing the exact mechanism in Bell experiments and how that mechanism comes about. In those papers correlations in experiments are exactly explained classically. They also describe what is needed for that explanation. In this paper the results are proven by simple goniometry.
Category: Quantum Physics
[13] viXra:2512.0113 [pdf] submitted on 2025-12-24 21:22:47
Authors: Koji Nagata, Tadao Nakamura
Comments: 21 Pages.
We investigate the significant striking aspect of the most basic two quantum observables: (1) an observable that is obtained though a single projection operator and (2) an observable that is obtained though a single identity operator. Kochen and Specker show that some value assignment to elements of a set of projection operators and the identity operator should fail. Now, we greatly simplify the Kochen--Specker theorem. Our simplified version says that we cannot assign a preexistence value as $+1$ to both quantum operators (the projection operator and the identity operator)even though the assignment is independent from each other. And finally, we are able to use the weak assumption (the identity operator possesses a preexistence value as $+1$) instead of the strong assumption (the existence of the weak hidden variable theory) in order to verify the Kochen--Specker theorem.
Category: Quantum Physics
[12] viXra:2512.0112 [pdf] replaced on 2025-12-27 01:29:47
Authors: Bhaumik Tyagi, Nazam Arora
Comments: 6 Pages.
A pivotal method in the field of quantum information processing (QIP) is quantum state tomography (QST), which is mostly used to reconstruct previously unidentified quantum states. However, traditional QST approaches have serious drawbacks due to the enormous number of measurements they require, making them impractical for studying large-scale quantum systems. To address this issue, a new approach is presented by combining Quantum Machine Learning (QML) methods to improve the effectiveness of QST. This work conducts a thorough investigation of various QST techniques, including both classical and quantum approaches. Various QML techniques for QST are used, demonstrating their effectiveness in a variety of simulated and experimental quantum systems, including complex multi-qubit networks. The results of this research support the outstanding prospect of QML-based QST method in achieving very high fidelity levels while drastically reducing the number of measurements needed in comparison to conventional methods. This innovative method has great potential for real-world applications in the field of quantum information processing.
Category: Quantum Physics
[11] viXra:2512.0106 [pdf] replaced on 2026-04-14 17:52:02
Authors: Jouni Puuronen
Comments: 10 Pages.
I present an argument that shows that in general Feynman's path integrals are not equivalent with Schrodinger equations, and conclude that Feynman's path integrals are not a serious formulation of Quantum Mechanics. The path integral formulation appears to be equivalent with Schrodinger equation only in the special case where the Lagrangian depends on the velocity via a quadratic term.
Category: Quantum Physics
[10] viXra:2512.0105 [pdf] submitted on 2025-12-23 23:14:40
Authors: Jorma Jormakka
Comments: 19 Pages.
Quantization of a scalar field is a standard text book example of Feynman's path integral quantization. As my findings on the Relativity Theory show that gravitation must be a scalar field, not a tensor field, it is natural to try this quantization method on Nordstrom's and Newton's scalar gravity. It turns out that Feynman's method has many serious errors. The reader doubting it may check the first error very easily. A literature result in equation (11) claimsto give a Green function G(x,x') to the Klein-Gordon operator Box+m^2. If so, (Box+m^2)G=delta(x-x') and if (Box+m^2)y(x)=h(x), then y=int dx' h(x)G(x,x')dx.We see that when integrating over x' the delta peak picks up the value of h(x) becausedelta(x-x') id not 0 in a single point x'=0. But in (11) there is a delta peak delta(x^2)where x^2=|t-t'|^2-|x-x'|^2 is not zero in a single point, it is zero ina subspace. Other errors in Feynman's method are equally clear and real errors. As expected, quantizing gravitation by this method in Section 6 of this article produces a result thatdoes not look correct.
Category: Quantum Physics
[9] viXra:2512.0048 [pdf] replaced on 2025-12-20 02:03:19
Authors: R. K. Salimov
Comments: 4 Pages.
The article proposes a modification of the Aspect’s experiment to test the hypothesis ofnonlocality, which can be described by Lorentz-invariant equations with infinite-order derivatives. For such a modified experimental scheme, if the hypothesis is correct, the CHSH inequality is expected to hold for critical Cirel’son angles, for example, S=1.414 for a = 0◦,au2032 =45◦, b = 22.5◦,bu2032 = 67.5◦. In the case of the standard, unmodified experimental scheme, theCHSH inequality is known to be violated for these angles, S=2.7. The proposed modificationconsists not only of closing the locality loophole by switching the paths of the entangled photons to polarizers at different angles but also of physically interrupting (blocking) the photonpaths after their separation. Moreover, this interruption must be performed before switchingthe paths to other polarizers
Category: Quantum Physics
[8] viXra:2512.0036 [pdf] submitted on 2025-12-09 00:35:09
Authors: Jorma Jormakka
Comments: 14 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please use scholarly/modest title and language - Future non-compliant submissions and/or replacements will be rejected)
The article shows that the basic concepts of quantum physics have three major errors that are fatal to the whole theory. The first error is that in Planck's relation $E_n=nhu$ oscillators have only one energy level $E=hu$, the article explains how it arises, while the higher energy levels $nhu$ must be understood as runs of $n$ wavelengths of an oscillator. The second error is in Einstein's relation$E=pc$, in de Broglie's wavelength $lambda=h/p$ and in the concept of particle-wavedualism. The error is that $p$ in $E=pc$ is not the momentum of a photon and $p=Ev$ from de Broglie's wavelength $p=h/lambda$ and Planck's relation $E=hu$ is not the momentum of an oscillator. In both cases the correct formula is $p=mv_p$ where $v_p$ is the propagation speed of a matter wave. This error implies that particle-wave dualism is false. The third error is in the substitutions in the Schr"odinger equation. The substitution of momentum is in error because it confuses the momentum of an oscillator with the momentum in de Broglie's wavelength formula. The substitution of energy is incorrect becauseoscillators do not have several energy levels. As a result of the third error it is incorrect to make a Fourier transform from the momentum coordinates to spatial coordinates, which means that a basic method in the quantum field theory fails.
Category: Quantum Physics
[7] viXra:2512.0035 [pdf] submitted on 2025-12-08 15:12:16
Authors: Jorma Jormakka
Comments: 11 Pages.
Compton scattering seemingly verifies the relativistic kinetic energy formula, but the article shows that this is not the case. The relativistic kinetic energy formula can be refuted in several ways, several of these ways are described in the text. The articleexplains how Compton scattering can be understood in the context of apparent mass.
Category: Quantum Physics
[6] viXra:2512.0027 [pdf] submitted on 2025-12-07 02:35:03
Authors: Edward C. Larson
Comments: 82 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)
This volume presents a comprehensive realist framework encompassing quantum foundations, quantum gravity, and the origin of inertia (Mach's Principle). It develops and builds upon a quantum ontology consisting of two fundamental ontic entities, called W-state and P-state, that respectively account for the wave- and particle-like aspects of quantum systems.W-state is a generalization of the wavefunction, but has ontic stature and is defined on the joint time-frequency domain. It constitutes a non-classical local reality, consisting of superpositions of quantum waves writ small. P-state enforces entanglement obligations and mediates the global coordination within quantum systems required to bring about wavefunction collapse in causal fashion consistent with special relativity.Quantum theory is rebuilt from the ground up, and the development then proceeds to quantum gravity, which is solved surprisingly easily once a good quantum foundations solution is in hand. It is solved not in the Planck regime, but in the testable regime of classical general relativity. The two great theories are intermeshed, and proposed testable solutions for the dark matter conundrum and origin of inertia are set forth. Both depend on non-local gravitational sourcing via P-state. The overall result is a robust architectural foundation for a (still elusive) Theory of Everything.
Category: Quantum Physics
[5] viXra:2512.0020 [pdf] submitted on 2025-12-05 13:18:23
Authors: Martin Kraus
Comments: 9 Pages.
While electronic orbitals with zero orbital angular momentum are a standard feature of modern quantum mechanics, the corresponding linear electron paths with zero orbital angular momentum ("pendulum-paths") were explicitly excluded in the "old quantum theory" because of concerns that an electron on such paths would collide with the atom's nucleus. More recently, some researchers hypothesized that models of spinning electrons allow for electrons on pendulum-paths without collisions with the nucleus. In the present work, the scenario of a spinning electron in a hydrogen atom on a pendulum-path was numerically simulated using the bi-level electron model. The resulting trajectories were evaluated by comparing time-averaged powers of the distance between electron and proton with corresponding time-averaged values in an improved variant of the Bohr-Sommerfeld model as well as with quantum mechanical expectation values. The numerical results for a spinning electron were in better agreement with quantum mechanical expectation values than the results for the improved Bohr-Sommerfeld model.
Category: Quantum Physics
[4] viXra:2512.0018 [pdf] submitted on 2025-12-04 03:10:02
Authors: Chol Jong
Comments: 12 Pages.
We derive an alternative time-evolution operator for the Heisenberg picture in five rigorous ways with different starting points to confirm its validity and generality.This time-evolution operator called the generalized time-evolution operator is an analytical scattering operator that is obtained in a nonperturbative way unlike the Dyson series based on a perturbative approximation.We verify that the obtained scattering operator thoroughly preserves the Hermiticity, unitarity, causality of the scattering operator which are the basic requirements for the consistent scattering operator.It is analyzed that the Dyson series does not guarantee the Hermiticity, unitarity, causality of the scattering operator, and thus is not consistent.It is demonstrated that our formulation based on the generalized time-evolution operator does not need the Feynman diagram and renormalization and therefore there does not exist the infinity problem within the framework of the theory that we constructed.Ultimately, it is shown that the new formulation enables us to construct a consistent scattering theory which, beyond the infinity problem, satisfies all necessary requirements for the scattering operator.
Category: Quantum Physics
[3] viXra:2512.0006 [pdf] replaced on 2026-01-25 21:44:03
Authors: V. A. Kuzmenko
Comments: 5 Pages.
The physical nature of the phenomenon of diffusion laser cooling is discussed. Sub-Doppler cooling in this case is achieved due to the phenomenon of anisotropic light scattering. Once again, it is proposed to carry out simple experiments to test the proposed physical explanation.
Category: Quantum Physics
[2] viXra:2512.0004 [pdf] submitted on 2025-12-02 02:31:36
Authors: Gerard van der Ham
Comments: 8 Pages. 3 figures, 2 diagrams (Note by viXra Admin: Please cite and list scientific references)
Basically detection of direction is a comparison of a direction with a known or a defined direction. A known direction is a direction in a reference frame and a defined direction is a direction in a coordinate system. In this paper the difference between a coordinate system and a reference frame is explained. Directions are defined by coordinate systems, but they are detected by reference frames. This has important implications for the detection of the spin direction of entangled particles, for the interpretation of entanglement and finally for the realisation of quantum computers.
Category: Quantum Physics
[1] viXra:2512.0001 [pdf] submitted on 2025-12-01 02:11:46
Authors: Chol Jong, Un Chol Han
Comments: 15 Pages.
We present an alternative explanation of the mechanism of tunneling from both quantum and statistical perspective that tunneling is related to the existence of ensemble of entangled and correlated electrons.The purpose of our work is to elucidate the true mechanism of tunneling consistent with quantum theory and energy conservation.We explain the quantum nature of tunneling on the basis of the exchange-correlation interaction of entangled electrons around the barrier and the quantum current resonance in the barrier.Our approach enables a satisfactory explanation of the quantum aspects of tunneling relative to the barrier height and width, keeping the energy conservation.It is explained that tunneling has the statistical aspect, since there exist electrons able to overcome the barrier thanks to the elementary energy excitation of the Fermi liquid that is formed as a result of the exchange-correlation interaction between correlated electrons.Our approach satisfies both the principle of energy conservation and fundamentals of quantum mechanics.Eventually, we provide a consistent and general explanation of the mechanism and characteristics of tunneling that is essentially a quantum and statistical hybrid phenomenon.
Category: Quantum Physics
| Third-Party Links: |
|