Quantum Physics

The Fine Structure Constant and Its Links to Gauge Invariance in Lattice Spacetime, Pythagorean Prime 137 and the Golden Ratio

Authors: Jau Tang, Brian E. Tang
Comments: 12 Pages.

We present a model that links the fine structure constant α to 1/137, based on the quantization of Minkowski spacetime, gauge invariance and special relativity. We derive a set of integer equations that demand 137 be a Pythagorean prime in triple and quintuple. We derive a Dirac-type equation but in lattice spacetime with quantized internal energy, momentum, and the overall relativistic mass energy. We estimate an electron’s radius to be R_e=1.43957×10^(-15) m. We also found the simple empirical formula for the ratio between two electrons’ Coulomb and gravitational forces at the same distance as F_C/F_G=2√2×(432)^16×1.0008, the Planck length to R_e ratio as L_Planck/R_e= (432)^(-8)×(10^2/3√6)×1.0008, also the ratiom_proton/m_e=3√2×432×1.0018 between a proton and an electron, where 432 (~137π) is the volume of the 4D unit hyper-cell. . Our conjecture could provide a guideline for the theoretical development of quantum gravity. This work not only elucidates the mysterious relation of prime 137 and the fine structure constant in electromagnetism, but it also sheds some light on intricate but presently unknown links to gravity and other types of forces in nature.
Category: Quantum Physics

Generalized Proof of Uncertainty Relations in Terms of Commutation Relation and Interpretation Based on Action Function

Authors: Chol Jong, Shin-Hyok Jon, Son-Il Jo
Comments: 17 Pages. We wish viXra will offer such an imprint on preprinted papers as arXive does. To do so will encourage authors who submit to viXra furthermore.

The uncertainty principle is the most important for the foundations of quantum mechanics but it still remains failed to reach a consensus of its interpretation, which gives rise to debates upon its physical nature. In this work, we address the problem of its foundation from a different aspect to present an alternative formulation for proving the uncertainty relations in a general way in terms of commutation relations and action function. The relationship between the de Broglie relation and the uncertainty principle is studied from a new angle. As a result, it is demonstrated that the de Broglie relation is the foundation of the uncertainty principle. Starting with the de Broglie relation as the origin of the problem, we show the logic context that the de Broglie relation provides the form of the wave function and the determined form of the wave function in turn leads to the conception of operators for quantum mechanics, and thus it is possible to provide with the help of the operators and wave function a generalized proof of the uncertainty principle as the law governing ensemble of states. As a decisive solution to the problem, the interpretation of the uncertainty principle in terms of the action function is offered that gives a consistent explanation in agreement with the known physical phenomena. Eventually, we show the necessity and possibility of reassessing and improving the foundation and interpretation of the uncertainty principle as a leading principle of quantum mechanics.
Category: Quantum Physics

Uncertainty in the Provolving Beam

Authors: Paul Mirsky
Comments: 20 Pages.

The previous lecture showed how information and uncertainty can be described by groups. Now, we’ll show how these groups change as a beam of light propagates. The lecture starts by reviewing some topics within quantum mechanics, and it assumes that the audience already has a lot of background knowledge. Unfortunately, without that knowledge you may find this lecture pretty difficult to follow.

To accompany https://youtu.be/3BIVmSGA3EE
Category: Quantum Physics

Experiments: Classical Fields Masquerade as Quanta

Authors: Wolfgang Sturm
Comments: 6 Pages.

Entangled electric fields are used to perform three elementary experiments in quantum mechanics: Entanglement, "spooky action at a distance" and violation of Bell's or CHSH inequality. The complete success raises questions.
Category: Quantum Physics

Why Bell’s Experiment is Meaningless

Authors: Han Geurdes
Comments: 5 Pages.

We demonstrate that a Bell experiment asks the impossible of a Kolmogorovian correlation. An Einstein locality explanation in Bell’s format is therefore excluded beforehand by way of the experimental and statistical method followed.
Category: Quantum Physics

Interpretation of Correspondence Principle Based on Examination of Existence of Isomorphic Mapping Between Observables and Operators

Authors: Chol Jong, Son-Il Jo, Shin-Hyok Jon
Comments: 19 Pages.

It still remains an important open question of the interpretation of the foundations of quantum mechanics to thoroughly elucidate the essence and significance of the correspondence principle. We focus from a new mathematical aspecton the review of the correspondence principle to gain the correct understanding of the principle. As a result, we show that there does not exist the algebraic isomorphism between the algebra of the observables and that of the quantum operators, and therefore the previous interpretation of the correspondence principle aiming to provide allthe operators corresponding to physical quantities is inconsistent from the mathematical view point. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the correspondence between physical quantities and quantum operators is possible within canonically conjugate observables constituting the action, while classical and quantum quantities satisfy one and the same dynamical relation. Moreover, it is shown that the classical limit of quantum mechanics can be explained not by the correspondence principle but by the de Broglie relation and the operator equations.
Category: Quantum Physics

The Impossibility of Quantum Computing

Authors: Oscar Gras Garzon
Comments: 9 Pages.

This article analyzes the feasibility of implementing the mathematical model used in quantum computing systems. The article questions whether certain mathematical properties of the qubit can be physically implemented, highlighting that quantum theory may have been built by misinterpreting experimental evidence.At the end of the article, it is justified mathematically that a feasible quantum-computing mathematical model is equivalent to a classical-computing mathematical model without states, so it can be concluded that quantum supremacy is unattainable.
Category: Quantum Physics

Interpretation of Superposition of Eigen States and Measurement Problem Concerning Statistical Ensemble

Authors: Chol Jong, Shin-Hyok Jon, Son-Il Jo, Nam-Chol Choe
Comments: 11 Pages.

The measurement problem is an important open question for the interpretation of the foundations of quantum mechanics. For the purpose of solving this problem, we focus from a new angle on the interpretation of the superpositionprinciple that is the origin of the measurement problem. As a result, we show that the measurement problem at issuecannot arise, provided the mathematical and physical aspects of the superposition principle are considered correctly.Our work demonstrates that since any mathematical superposition of eigenstates is never a new eigenstate, the superposed state at issue, if any, should be interpreted simply as a statistical ensemble of possible states that occursequentially, instead of a mixed state indicative of simultaneous occurrence. Actually, this view leads to the conclusion that the concept of the currently accepted state vector and the motivation of the measurement problem have noperfect ground from both mathematical and physical aspects. Furthermore, using mainly mathematical method ratherthan thought experiments, we offer a realistic interpretation of the superposition of eigenstates based on ensemble ofquantum states, thereby helping to capture the essence of the measurement problem which actually is not implicatedin Apparatus and Observer.
Category: Quantum Physics

Calculation of the Wavelengths of the Lyman Series in the Hydrogen Atom Based on the Quantized Space and Time Theory of Elementary Particles

Authors: Hamid Reza Karimi
Comments: 12 Pages.

In the current article, utilizing the theory of quantization of time and space and the internal structure of elementary particles, the radiation spectrum of the excited hydrogen atom is calculated theoretically. By doing this, the electron movement parameters in the hydrogen atom have been stated in a novel way, and via generalizing these calculations, the excited states of other atoms can be calculated. It can be shown that during the transfer of the electron from a higher level to a lower one, what is the state of the electron in terms of momentum, energy, time, and place.
Category: Quantum Physics

Mathematical Derivation of a Quantized Space-Time

Authors: Eran Sinbar
Comments: 3 Pages.

Based on Prof. Bekenstein and Prof. Hawking, the black hole maximal entropy, the maximum amount of information that a black hole can conceal, beyond its event horizon, is proportional to the area of its event horizon surface divided by quantized area units, in the scale of Planck area (the square of Planck length). This is a surprising result since it limits the amount of information bits in a volume of space to the amount of Planck area units that can fit into its surrounding surface area. Taking this information limit to the event horizon of a sphere in the size of Planck length in each of its three dimensions, will open up a new approach to our space - time structure.Prof Bekenstein published 50 years ago his paper about " Black holes and entropy" .This paper proves mathematically , based on Prof. Bekenstein's formula that space-time must be quantized and this leads to the the discovery of an extra grid shaped dimension between the quantized units of space-time.This is a break through towards the ultimate connection between gravity and quantum mechanics in these days when physics is so blurry and confusing.
Category: Quantum Physics

The Importance of Bell's Theorem

Authors: Gerard van der Ham
Comments: 5 Pages.

Bell's theorem reveals a logical problem that forces us to find a realistic physical explanation for a quantum-mechanical phenomenon. That explanation should reunite physicists and make physics comprehensible again.
Category: Quantum Physics

Quantum Computer on the Moon

Authors: Harsimran Dhaliwal
Comments: 2 Pages.

Quantum computers are affected by noise. The Earth is not an optimal location for a Quantum Computer due to all the dynamic events that occur on the planet. Mother Nature, human activity, Weather Patterns, animals, machinery, waves, and any noun that you can think of somehow is constantly evolving or moving in space and time resulting in a noisy arena for a Quantum Computer. The opposite is true for the Moon. It is a very still place. There are no waterfalls, planes, vehicles, storms, winds, consciousness, or any other noise inducing activity that occurs on the Earth and not on the Moon. Therefor, we can test if superpositions and quantum entanglement lasts longer on the Moon using entangled photons. If photons remain entangled longer or can be entangled at a higher rate than on the Earth, the Moon is a good candidate for a quantum computer. We can test for this using the Double Slit Quantum Eracer experiment. If more photons are entangled and remain entangled on the Moon than with using the same experiment on the Earth, a quantum computer should be built in the Moon. The Far side of the Moon may be an optimal location. We can also test higher rates or longer durations of quantum entanglement using a simpler experiment using a laser emitting photons to a BBO crystal resulting in two entangled photons and two image sensor which may determine if the entangled photons reached the sensors without decohering.
Category: Quantum Physics

The Rigged Hilbert Space Hoax

Authors: Jouni Puuronen
Comments: 2 Pages.

We investigate the claim that the rigged Hilbert spaces could be used to make the bra and ket vectors rigorous. Our result is that the claim is not true, and that the rigged Hilbert spaces are a sleight of hand trick and a hoax.
Category: Quantum Physics

Human Mean Age 84 Years Determined by Relativistic Matter Wave and Anti-ageing Guidance

Authors: Huaiyang Cui
Comments: 13 Pages.

It is found that relativistic matter wave provides a biological clock for human beings. At the first, two examples are given to show the validity of the relativistic matter wave. Next, the sunspot period, earth’s atmosphere circulation and human biological clock are investigated, the clock formula is derived. As the results, the period of sunspot cycle is calculated to be 10.93 years, the human mean age is calculated to be 84 years.
Category: Quantum Physics