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[12] viXra:2402.0148 [pdf] submitted on 2024-02-25 22:54:50
Authors: Angel Garcés Doz
Comments: 9 Pages.
Following the path of our previous articles on the masses of charged leptons and quarks, in this paper we derive in a theoretical way the Weinberg angle and in a heuristic-empirical way the angles of the mixing matrices of quarks and neutrinos.Except for the CP violation angle of the neutrino mixing matrix which has a large indeterminacy.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[11] viXra:2402.0147 [pdf] submitted on 2024-02-26 03:42:18
Authors: Manfred U. E. Pohl
Comments: 8 Pages. (Correction to title made by viXra Admin)
In 2019, the author postulated "12 π c3 =1" as a framework for a final ToE (Theory of Everything) and worked this out over the years until 2024 into the world formula "Space / Time = 12 π3". Here, the competing approaches of Stergios Pellis and Stephen Jarvis, both of whom present a dimensionless number theory as ToE, will be briefly compared and placed in an overall picture. Finally, it will be briefly discussed whether and in what form natural constants can exist and what distinguishes a dimensionless world formula from a dimensional world formula.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[10] viXra:2402.0138 [pdf] submitted on 2024-02-24 21:05:36
Authors: Antoine Khai Nguyen
Comments: 25 Pages. (Correction made by viXra Admin to conform with the requirement of viXra.org))
I have potentially discovered a loophole inside Einstein's two equations for perihelion precession, known as:ε = 24π3 a2 / T2 c2 (1-e2)ε = 6πGM / c2 (1-e2) aand two ultra-simple alternative equations thereto, defined as:ε = 6π x (v/c)2 / (1-e2) (d0.0)ε = (6π / Dc2) / (1-e2)All these discoveries appear to demonstrate that Einstein's spacetime curvature claim from Mercury's perihelion precession is contradictory in its own mathematical principle:Einstein's spacetime curvature claim was braced with the entire orbit of Mercury, as curvature (of spacetime) must logically imply the full orbital period, but his equations were braced with one second-based sampling without repetition thereof.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[9] viXra:2402.0136 [pdf] submitted on 2024-02-25 03:31:22
Authors: Xiao Lin Li
Comments: 15 Pages.
Particles do not have rest mass in 5-dimensional space-time. Different kinds of particles in 4-dimensional space-time can be unified into a single particle field in 5-dimensional space-time. Particles have the property of a quantized intrinsic length. This intrinsic length can be identified using the Planck length. This phenomenon can be called length quantization. This intrinsic length of a particle, which originates from quantization, is invariant in all frames of reference, much like physical quantities such as charge, spin, and zero-point energy. Based on the propagator and intrinsic length of particle fields, a pure quantum gravity theory can be derived using the methods of quantum field theory. Gravitational force is only an additional effect of the particle field, and there is no independent gravitational field. The commutators that transmit the gravitational force are the particles themselves, and there is no independent graviton. Gravitons do not exist. In other words, gravitons are the particles themselves. There is an unknown mapping between 5-dimensional space-time and 4-dimensional space-time. Through this mapping, the intrinsic length of particles in 5-dimensional space-time is divided into two physical quantities in 4-dimensional space-time, one is the Compton wavelength of the particle and the other is the gravitational radius of the particle. The particle's Compton wavelength and gravitational radius form a dual relationship, and the product of the two is equal to Planck length squared. This unknown mapping brings two results in 4-dimensional space-time. The first result is the rest mass of the particle in 4-dimensional space-time, and the second is the gravitational effect in 4-dimensional space-time. The gravitational force in 4-dimensional space-time is the mapping result of the gravitational force in 5-dimensional space-time. The gravitational effect of the particle field limits the maximum energy of the virtual particle, preventing the divergence of the integrals of propagators. Gravitational properties are an indispensable part of quantum field theory, and only quantum field theory that includes gravitational effects can be formed into a complete theoretical framework. The gravitational potential and the Coulomb potential have similar inverse distance properties, and the phenomenon has a common origin, both of which are the result of quantum field theory propagators. In 4-dimensional space-time, gravity has a special property of spatial background field, which can be treated as a space-time structure. Gravity imposes a limitation on coordinate transformations, which do not eliminate the intrinsic length of particles.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[8] viXra:2402.0133 [pdf] submitted on 2024-02-23 16:57:15
Authors: Brian Beverly
Comments: 8 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please list scientific references in future submission!)
This started as a [trial] derivation for force coupling constants but it is the simplest derivation of alpha, the fine structure constant, using Coulomb's law and the Planck-Einstein relations. The derivation shows that coupling constants are wavenumbers. Another derivation using Newton's law of gravity also provides the coupling constant for the gravitational force. I argue that alpha and the coupling constants represents the minimum uncertainty between wavenumber and radial distance. This is like the uncertainty between momentum (wavelength) and position. Wavenumber is defined as the inverse of the wavelength per unit distance. This is equivalent to saying that alpha is about 137 wavelengths per unit distance of radius. I go on to show this provides the correct ionization wavelengths of light for the hydrogen atom. Using whole integers, n number of energy levels, allowed me to derive the Rydberg formula. Alpha is nearly an integer number because we are using a wavenumber. This derivation is equivalent to that of the Bohr model but without needing to use classical ideas of electrons in orbit around the nucleus like planets in orbit around the sun.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[7] viXra:2402.0117 [pdf] replaced on 2024-02-28 00:32:06
Authors: Kevin Loch
Comments: 5 Pages.
The time-neutral metric is introduced and the time-neutral exterior Schwarzschild metric is con- verted to polynomial form in r and total mass M. The polynomials are found to be cubic with no constant term, which allows the two non-zero roots of each to be extracted from the reduced quadratic form.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[6] viXra:2402.0112 [pdf] replaced on 2024-02-25 23:20:07
Authors: Ingo D. Mane
Comments: 59 Pages. The author welcomes feedback and discussion.
Physical action is a spacetime bivector. Based on this single assumption, this paper argues that spacetime itself is responsible for much of physics. The properties of its elements and their derivatives, especially the transformations of special relativity, allow us to successively derive and confirm major empirically found laws and equations. We exemplary derive equations for electromagnetism including: Biot-Savart Law, Electrostatic Force, Lorentz Force, Maxwell's Equations including charges, and also constants like the fine-structure constant, electric permittivity, and even additional terms that are related to spin. In strict analogy, we gain very similar equations for gravitation which, e.g., include Poisson's equation for gravity. A further derivation of these equations of gravitation leads to field equations which are comparable to the field equations of general relativity. Electromagnetism and gravitation unite into one set of equations. The fact that bivectors can be written as wave equations also unify classical physics with wave mechanics.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[5] viXra:2402.0108 [pdf] submitted on 2024-02-20 21:27:04
Authors: Angel Garcés Doz
Comments: 5 Pages.
This empirical heuristic work on the masses of quarks is a continuation of our previous work on the masses of electrically charged leptons.Onceagain the first four non-trivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function appear very clearly. Parameters from the standard model are also used.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[4] viXra:2402.0107 [pdf] replaced on 2024-02-24 04:22:04
Authors: John Yuk Ching Ting
Comments: 86 Pages.
We validly ignore even prime number 2. Based on all arbitrarily large number of even prime gaps 2, 4, 6, 8, 10...; the complete set and its derived subsets of Odd Primes fully comply with Prime number theorem for Arithmetic Progressions. With this condition being satisfied by all Odd Primes, we argue that Modified Polignac's and Twin prime conjectures are proven to be true when these conjectures are treated as Incompletely Predictable Problems. In so doing [and with Riemann hypothesis being a special case], this action also support the generalized Riemann hypothesis formulated for Dirichlet L-function. By broadly applying Hodge conjecture, Grothendieck period conjecture and Pi-Circle conjecture to Dirichlet eta function (which acts as proxy function for Riemann zeta function), Riemann hypothesis is separately proven to be true when this hypothesis is treated as Incompletely Predictable Problem. We highlight crucial connections between these Incompletely Predictable Problems in Number theory and Quantum field theory.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[3] viXra:2402.0080 [pdf] submitted on 2024-02-17 22:15:00
Authors: Angel Garcés Doz
Comments: 5 Pages.
In this work the connection of the non-trivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function and a unification theory appears again. From this hypothetical theory yet to be developed, we obtain equations that connect these nontrivaial zeros with the masses of the electron, tau and muon leptons. In this case the imaginary parts of the second, third and fourth non-trivial zeros are used.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2] viXra:2402.0069 [pdf] submitted on 2024-02-14 21:45:24
Authors: A. V. Kaminsky
Comments: 13 Pages.
We discuss the hypothesis that the special theory of relativity (STR) and quantum mechanics (QM) are descriptions of physical reality from the perspective of an observer who is part of a finite deterministic system.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[1] viXra:2402.0009 [pdf] submitted on 2024-02-03 22:22:23
Authors: Eran Sinbar
Comments: 3 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please list scientific references in future submissions)
In string theory energy comes in the form of Planck length sized strings vibrating at different frequencies. The questions that arise from this model are: why is the Planck length so unique? How can this model explain the non-locality of quantum mechanics? This paper will show another approach to string theory where the strings are made from quantized local spacetime units and an extra non-local grid like dimension (the grid dimension). This approach can enable a visualization of the non-locality behavior of quantum mechanics.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
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