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[9] viXra:2209.0165 [pdf] submitted on 2022-09-29 01:56:07
Authors: Andrew W. Beckwith
Comments: 7 Pages. submitted to JHEPGC for evaluation
We will first of all reference a value of momentum, in the early universe. This is for 3+1 dimensions and is important since Wesson has an integration of this momentum with regards to a 5 dimensional parameter included in an integration of momentum over space which equals a ration of L divided by small l (length) and all this times a constant. The ratio of L over small l is a way of making deterministic inputs from 5 dimensions into the 3+1 dimensional HUP. In doing so, we come up with a very small radial component for reasons which due to an argument from Wesson is a way to deterministically fix one of the variables placed into the 3+1 HUP. This is a deterministic input into a derivation which is then First of all, we restate a proof of a highly localized special case of a metric tensor uncertainty principle first written up by Unruh. Unruh did not use the Roberson-Walker geometry which we do, and it so happens that the dominant metric tensor we will be examining, is variation in g(tt) with the other metric tensors vanishing
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[8] viXra:2209.0155 [pdf] submitted on 2022-09-28 02:06:40
Authors: Andrew W. Beckwith
Comments: 8 Pages. submitted to JHEPGC for evaluation
On page 17 of a book on Modified Gravity by Baojiu Li and Kazuya Koyama there is a discussion of how to obtain a Fifth force by an allegedly non relativistic approximation with a force proportional to minus the spatial derivative of a scalar field. If the scalar field say for an inflaton , as presented by Padmanabhan only depends upon time, of course this means no scalar field contributing to a fifth force Our modest proposal in the neighborhood of Planck time is to turn the time into being equal to r/[ constant times c]. This in the neighborhood of Planck time so as to have in this small time interval, a symmetry breaking regime where we could perhaps specify a fifth force as to breaking down a causal barrier as to initiating a start to inflationary expansion. For the scalar field itself, we initially have this r dependence in place of time, whereas our scalar field, and resultant treatment of an effective potential may allow for a transition from a presumed stationary state to inflation This of course is presuming that there is, in all of our work a huge initial degree of freedom which would break down.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[7] viXra:2209.0149 [pdf] submitted on 2022-09-27 14:48:00
Authors: Huaiyang Cui
Comments: 28 Pages.
In analogy with the ultimate speed c, there is an ultimate acceleration β, nobody's acceleration can exceed this limit β, in the solar system, β=2.961520e+10(m/s2). Because this ultimate acceleration is large, any effect related to β will become easy to test, including quantum gravity tests. In this paper, an approach is put forward to connect the ultimate acceleration with quantum theory, as an application, this relativistic model gives out the sunspot cycle to be 10.38 years due to the ultimate acceleration. The same approach is applied to earthquake problems in Japanese islands. About 10% of the world's active volcanoes are found in Japan, which lies in a zone of extreme crustal instability. As many as 1500 earthquakes are recorded yearly, major earthquakes occur infrequently. The calculation indicates that the beat period of the earth's shell corresponding to the wind 50m/s over Japanese islands to be 1 year. Coupling with the strongest mean wind of 50m/s at the altitude of 10km (200hPa) over Japan islands, the local Earth shell sensitive to the wind is at the depth about 10km. The height of Mount Fuji of 3776(m) make an increase in the local coupling constant C as viewing the Japanese islands as a wall on the sea to resist the winds.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[6] viXra:2209.0144 [pdf] submitted on 2022-09-27 01:38:26
Authors: Andrew W. Beckwith
Comments: 6 Pages. submitted to JHEPGC for evaluation
Using a relationship between Hubbles ‘parameter’, Temperature, Energy and effective mass , in one iteration of an initial application of the Heisenberg Uncertainty principle. From there obtain in 3+1 dimensions a relationship between effective mass, and the initial degrees of freedom, to the 1/4th power. We will discuss candidates for entry into this , assuming for a start that initial universe conditions are similar to a black hole, i.e. a nearly singular start to inflationary expansion
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[5] viXra:2209.0140 [pdf] replaced on 2022-10-07 19:51:57
Authors: Hans van Leunen
Comments: 114 Pages.
The search for a reliable foundation of physical reality has had many setbacks and is slow. Side roads were taken that did not lead to the desired goal. This document shows that there is an alternative path that leads to a better result. This result can be reproduced in a single sentence. This very short summary does need the necessary explanation. The paper provides this explanation. The paper also shows the relation between the foundation and several aspects of physics, such as quantum physics, classical physics, optics, and cosmology.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[4] viXra:2209.0137 [pdf] submitted on 2022-09-27 01:53:53
Authors: Andrew W. Beckwith
Comments: 7 Pages. submitted to JHEPGC for evaluation
Using the Klauder enhanced quantization as a way to specify the cosmological constant as a baseline for the mass of a graviton, we eventually come up and then we will go to the . Starobinsky potential as a replacement for the term N used in Eq. (3) and Eq,. (4). From there we will read in a way to describe conditions allowing for where the cosmological constant may be set. The ideaalso is to describe a regime of space-time where the initial perturbation/ start to inflation actually occurred, as is alluded to in thefinal part of the document.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[3] viXra:2209.0135 [pdf] submitted on 2022-09-25 15:14:41
Authors: Udo E. Steinemann
Comments: 16 Pages.
According to G. t’ HOOFT’s holographic principle the combination of quantum mechanics and gravity requires that a 3-dimensional space-region to be projected on the 2-dimensional bounding surface of the region. In the limit of very large regions the bounding surfaces can be taken as flat planes at infinity, thus phenomena taking place in 3-dimensional space can be projected onto distant "viewing screens" with no loss of information. The discrete lattice-sites of a screen are "pixels", each one can only store ⟨1⟩ bit of information. An analogy with a hologram can be made which stores a 3-dimensional image on a 2-dimensional film. As in the case of the hologram the flat 2-diemsional image must be rich enough to code full rotationally invariant description of a 3-dimensional object. All matter is composed of elementary structure-less constituents called partons. The presence of a parton isrepresented by projecting its location by a light-ray on screen. A space-time-event which combines all partons at a specific instant of time forms a 3-dimensional light-front. Light-front-quantization of quantum-gravitycan be formulated by taking the transverse space as a discrete lattice where the lattice is composed of binary pixels of a spacing in the order of PLANCK-length. No distribution of matter will ever require more than ⟨1⟩ bit of information per PLANCK-area on a screen. The quantization in longitudinal direction considered under the parton-concept is familiar from Quantum-Chromo-Dynamics ⟨QCD⟩ originated in works on deep inelastic scattering. The Hamiltonians are the classical ones and the eigenvectors are well-defined super-positions ofFOCK-space-states. Each parton-momentum simply acts as scale-transformations in longitudinal direction, but classical scale-invariance will usually be destroyed by divergent high frequency effects. Cutoffs in frequency-spectra, models in connection with so-called Fixed-Point-Hamiltonians and derived from string-theory will finally help to find-out that a growing amount-of-information inside a space-region may cause its extension.Given that the maximal allowable information for each part of space is finite, then it is impossible to localize a particle with infinite precision at a point of the continuum. Therefore one could assume that information is stored in points of a discretized space. In order to get information described holographically, it must exist in some duplicated form, thus it is assumed to be stored on surfaces, or screens. Screens separate points and in this way they are natural places for information about particles that move from one side to the other. Within in this environment gravity will take the form of an entropic-force. An entropic force is an effective macroscopic-force that originates in a system with many degrees-of-freedom by the statistical tendency to increase its entropy. The force-equation is expressed in terms of entropy-differences. A small piece of a holographic-screen is considered and a particle of a certain mass approaching it from the side at which space-time has already emerged. When the particle merges with the microscopic degrees- of-freedom on screen, it influences the amount of information that is already stored there. Assuming that the change-in-entropy near the screen is linear to displacement-from-screen then it is proportional to particle-mass. Force comes into play from an analogy with osmosis across a semi-permeable membrane and the membrane carries a temperature, the particle will experience an entropic-force. Based on relations from W. G. UNRUH and J. D. BEKENSTEIN temperature and acceleration can finally be brought into close connection which will let the just mentioned force to appear in the form of NEWTON’s second law.Thinking about a piece of a holographic-screen as a storage-device for information, the maximal storage-space or the total number of bits is proportional to this screen-area. Because each fundamental-bit occupies ⟨1⟩ unit-cell, the number of used bits can easily be calculated. Additionally the total energy is considered which had already been contained on screen-side when the particle was approaching (evenly distributed over the occupied bits) together with its mass-equivalence due A. EINSTEIN and temperature determined as average-energy per bit. All this combined together will let the above entropic force become NEWTON’s gravity —force. The real consequence of this finally is: A growing amount on surface of a space.region may change the surface-curvature.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2] viXra:2209.0076 [pdf] submitted on 2022-09-13 01:02:53
Authors: Melissa Blau
Comments: 6 Pages.
The Big Bang radiation, like the cosmic radiation, is a high-energy particle radiation and presumably the result of thermal radiation at extremely high temperatures in the Big Bang and therefore electromagnetic radiation. This is shown by new calculations of the down quark mass, which can be derived exactly from the radiation formulas (m=h/cλ). Possibilities of generating quarks up to protons or heavier elements can be derived from this knowledge, which are presented below.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[1] viXra:2209.0040 [pdf] submitted on 2022-09-06 22:21:09
Authors: Carlos Castro
Comments: 23 Pages.
We begin with a review of the basics of the Yang algebra of noncommutative phase spaces and Born Reciprocal Relativity. A solution is provided for the exact analytical mapping of the non-commuting $ x^mu, p^mu$ operator variables (associated to an $8D$ curved phase space) to the canonical $ Y^A, Pi^A$ operator variables of a flat $12D$ phase space. We explore the geometrical implications of this mapping which provides, in the $classical$ limit, with the embedding functions $ Y^A (x,p), Pi^A (x,p) $ of an $8D$ curved phase space into a flat $12D$ phase space background. The latter embedding functions determine the functional forms of the base spacetime metric $ g_{mu u} (x,p) $, the fiber metric of the vertical space $h^{ab}(x,p)$, and the nonlinear connection $N_{a mu} (x,p) $ associated with the $8D$ cotangent space of the $4D$ spacetime. A review of the mathematical tools behind curved phase spaces, Lagrange-Finsler, and Hamilton-Cartan geometries follows. This is necessary in order to answer the key question of whether or not the solutions found for $ g_{mu u} , h^{ab}, N_{a mu}$ as a result of the embedding, also solve the generalized gravitational vacuum field equations in the $8D$ cotangent space. We finalize with an Appendix with the key calculations involved in solving the exact analytical mapping of the $ x^mu, p^mu$ operator variables to the canonical $ Y^A, Pi^A$ operator ones.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
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