Quantum Gravity and String Theory

No Conventional Sterile Neutrinos in a Multi-Fold Universe: Just SMG Business as Usual

Authors: Stephane H Maes
Comments: 5 Pages. All related details of the projects(and updates) can be found and followed at https://shmaesphysics.wordpress.com/shmaes-physics-site-navigation/.

In a multi-fold universe, gravity emerges from Entanglement through the multi-fold mechanisms. As a result, gravity-like effects appear in between entangled particles, that they be real or virtual. Long range, massless gravity results from entanglement of massless virtual particles. Entanglement of massive virtual particles leads to massive gravity contributions at very smalls scales. Multi-fold mechanisms also result into a spacetime that is discrete, with a random walk fractal structure and non-commutative geometry that is Lorentz invariant and where spacetime nodes and particles can be modeled with microscopic black holes. All these recover General relativity at large scales and semi-classical model remain valid till smaller scale than usually expected. Gravity can therefore be added to the Standard Model. This can contribute to resolving several open issues with the Standard Model. Different recent experiments have argued against, or in favor of a sterile neutrinos. In a multi-fold universe, or whenever we can add a non-negligible gravity contribution at the scales of the Standard Model, we showed how to explain the mass of the neutrino without New Physics and predict the number of generations for each fermions family, including the number of neutrinos flavors, to be exactly 3. Therefore, in a multi-fold universe, there should not be conventional sterile neutrinos: right-handed flavored neutrinos no ability to interact with W± and Z0 (they only interact only with the Higgs and though gravity) suffice to explain the neutrino oscillation anomalies encountered so far. The results extend to SMG.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

Circular Arguments in String and Superstring Theory from a Multi-fold Universe Perspective

Authors: Stephane H Maes
Comments: 18 Pages. All related details of the projects (and updates) can be found and followed at https://shmaesphysics.wordpress.com/shmaes-physics-site-navigation/.

Following our derivation of multi-fold models, we revisited the main aspects and claims of self-consistencies of strings and superstrings. Rather than focusing on their relationship to multi-fold universes, we used our lessons learned to show how many claims or results rely on circular arguments coming from the resonance dual model: many consistent results are derived from this model rather than proofs of self-consistency. The previously shown incompatibility between the standard model and superstrings if quantum gravity is asymptotically stable remains standing post analysis of superstrings self-consistency claims. Its applicability to the real universe repositions the role of superstrings and its derived conjectures and models. No matter what, it demonstrates that claims of self-consistency are not validation of the theory as model of the real universe: experimental validations or invalidations are required, as many have argued before.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

First Principles of Consistent Physics

Authors: Wanpeng Tan
Comments: Pages. See https://www.wanpengtan.com/smm/ for other related papers

For a consistent picture of fundamental physics and cosmology, three first principles are proposed as the foundations. That is, quantum variational principle that provides the formalism, consistent observation principle that set physical constraints and symmetries, and spacetime inflation principle that determines physical contents (particle fields and interactions). Under these three principles, a series of supersymmetric mirror models are constructed to study various phases of the universe at different spacetime dimensions and the dynamics between the phases. In particular, mirror symmetry, as the orientation symmetry of the underlying geometry, plays a critical role in the new framework.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

“Quantum Gravity Emergence from Entanglement in a Multi-Fold Universe”: 2D or 2+1D Spacetime at Small Scales

Authors: Stephane H Maes
Comments: 2 Pages. All related details of the projects(and updates) can be found and followed at https://shmaesphysics.wordpress.com/shmaes-physics-site-navigation/.

This short note presents a clarification to statements provided in our paper “Quantum Gravity Emergence from Entanglement in a Multi-Fold Universe”, with respect to the dimensional reduction of quantum gravity proposed by ‘t Hooft.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

Defining Arrow of Time at the Start of Inflation by Expansion of Entropy in a Taylor Series and Examining Initial Conditions

Authors: Andrew W Beckwith
Comments: 10 Pages. cleaned of any markings connected with MDPI journals since this has been sent to JHEPGC

First we do a Taylor series expansion of Entropy. Afterwards we define the arrow of time. After that we define what terms we will analyze in the Taylor series expansion of entropy to help in finding initial conditions which may allow for the earliest possible identification of the Arrow of Time in cosmology. Definition of the arrow of time will allow choosing different initial starting points. That is, that in the actual equations of classical GR, there is no reason to have time asymmetry after given initial conditions.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

Latest Highlights and Results From Multi-Fold Models

Authors: Stephane H Maes
Comments: 3 Pages. All related details of the projects (and updates) can be found and followed at https://shmaesphysics.wordpress.com/shmaes-physics-site-navigation/.

In a multi-fold universe, gravity emerges from Entanglement through the multi-fold mechanisms. As a result, gravity-like effects appear in between entangled particles that they be real or virtual. Long range, massless gravity results from entanglement of massless virtual particles. Entanglement of massive virtual particles leads to massive gravity contributions at very smalls scales. Multi-folds mechanisms also result into a spacetime that is discrete, with a random walk fractal structure and non-commutative geometry that is Lorentz invariant and where spacetime nodes and particles can be modeled with microscopic black holes. All these recover General Relativity (GR) at large scales and semi-classical model remain valid till smaller scale than usually expected. Gravity can therefore be added to the Standard Model (SM). This can contribute to resolving several open issues with the Standard Model without new Physics other than gravity. These considerations hints at a even stronger relationship between gravity and the Standard Model. This short paper highlights some key conclusions of the Journey so far (September 2020), especially in terms of New Physics.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

Cosmic Inflation and Spinning Sphere Theory

Authors: Michael John Sarnowski
Comments: 14 Pages.

Cosmic inflation is part of the big bang theory that states that the universe expanded very rapidly at the beginning of the big bang. Spinning Sphere Theory is a steady state theory of the universe where matter is continually created at or near the center of the universe and destroyed at the edge of the universe. In Spinning Sphere Theory matter is created by absence defects caused by the packing mechanism of two different ways of packing spheres. This mechanism causes the density of the universe to be many magnitudes much denser at the center of the universe. The density of the universe falls off very quickly near the center of the universe. The math for this is very simple. Is this rapid falling off of density, causing the observations labeled as “Cosmic Inflation”?
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

Суперструны и параллельные миры (Superstrings and Parallel Worlds)

Authors: Alexander Vasilievich Isaev
Comments: 188 Pages. Книга (188 стр.), изданная автором в мае 2006 г.. [Corrections are made by viXra Admin to comply with the rules of viXra.org]

Главная цель этой книги – рассказать об удивительных аналогиях между реальным физическим миром и миром натуральных чисел 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,…. Как ни странно, но эти столь знакомые нам числа, обладают богатейшей «внутренней» структурой (целые делители этих чисел и прочие их характе-ристики). При этом натуральный ряд словно распадается на множество па-раллельных миров. Да и все математические идеи в целом (а только они един-ственно верно, адекватно описывают реальность!) – это виртуальный мир Платона, существующий «параллельно» нашему миру. Об этом сейчас заду-мываются самые серьезные ученые-естественники.

The main goal of this book is to tell about amazing analogies between the real physical world and the world of natural numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,…. Oddly enough, but these numbers so familiar to us, have the richest "internal" structure (integer divisors of these numbers and their other characteristics). At the same time, the natural row seems to split into many parallel worlds. And all mathematical ideas in general (and only they are the only true, adequately describe reality!) - This is the virtual world of Plato, existing "parallel" to our world. The most serious natural scientists are now thinking about this.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

Defining Arrow of Time at the Start of Inflation

Authors: Andrew W. Beckwith
Comments: 17 Pages. [Corrections made by viXra Admin to conform with scholarly norm]

We first of all define the arrow of time. Definition of the arrow of time will allow choosing different initial starting points. One of the issues we will also discuss is the interconnection be-tween the arrow of time, entropy and quantum information. Seth Lloyd in his 2001 work made a linkage between entropy, bits, and information via an axiomatic approach involving time intervals. Our take is a bit more general. We will discuss as well the t’Hooft’s statement as to initial conditions and times arrow, and how different cosmological models may influence initial conditions. Spoilers alert, if a non-singular start to expansion existed, this would provide the most straightforward way to avoid a datum from classical relativity. That is, that in the actual equations of classical GR, there is no reason to have time asymmetry. Time asymmetry is built into initial conditions and we will detail several candidates. The first half of the paper brings up cosmology models and forming the arrow of time. The second is related to entropy itself and the problem of information
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

Natural Units‘ Collision Space-Time; Maximum Simplified Theory that Fits Observations

Authors: Espen Gaarder Haug
Comments: 6 Pages.

We have recently [1, 2] shown a possible method to unify gravity and quantum mechanics in a simple way that we have called collision space-time. Here, we demonstrate a special version of our theory when we set lp = 1 and c = 1. Mass, energy, Compton momentum, and the Schwarzschild radius are then all identical, and simply a collision frequency. A frequency below one is not observable and can be interpreted as a frequency quantum probability. One could easily make the mistake that this is simply setting G =hbar = c = 1 (Planck natural unit system); however this would possibly be inaccurate as we do not need either G or �� in our system even when not setting them to one. Furthermore, we can find the Planck length totally independent of G and ��, for any standardised length unit chosen. Setting c = 1 simply means one links space and time through the speed of light, and setting lp = 1 means one selects the Planck length as the fundamental length unit, and the Planck length we have argued for is the diameter of an indivisible particle. One of the beauties of our theory is that, in the output of many formulas we obtain from our theory, the integer part represents real observations (collisions) and fractions represent quantum probabilities. Therefore, we could say there is also almost a unification between numbers and physics, not only a unification of gravity and quantum mechanics.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

A Step Towards Quantum Gravity

Authors: Jonathan Deutsch
Comments: 2 Pages.

We will learn to calculate Newton’s classical force of gravity in a new quantummechanical (h-based) way. (Einstein’s general relativity obtains the same classical result as Newton.) Just 8 steps are required: 1) Calculate Newtonian classical gravity for absolutely any situation. Fgravity=Gm1m2- /r2 , where G=6.6728674 X 10-8 cm3 /gmsec2 ; m1 and m2 are the 2 masses; r is the distance between them; cm=centimeter; gm=gram; and sec=second. 2) Separately, take ANY MASS AT ALL - - m - - and set it equal to 1. 3) Set m’s de Broglie wavelength - - λ - - equal to ─1. 4) Set the time, t, taken for light to travel λ (=λ/c) equal to √−1. 5) Calculate a numerical value for the three c-g-s units via steps 2), 3) and 4) respectively. 6) Calculate G using these new unit equivalencies, resulting in a positive number result. (t2 will cancel ─1 because t = √−1]. Call this result y. 7) Recalculate step 1), REPLACING G with y, and REPLACING the c-g-s units with the new unit equivalencies, resulting in another positive number. Call it n. 8) Calculate nh/λt. This quantum-mechanical term will ALWAYS be exactly equal to the classical gravity, Gm1m2/r2 , calculated in step 1) (minus late-decimal rounding.) This will ALWAYS be true FOR ANY AND ALL m1,m2, r, m, λ and t.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory