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[21] viXra:2007.0230 [pdf] submitted on 2020-07-30 11:46:02
Authors: Eugenio Ullauri
Comments: 9 Pages.
The Universe is a finite system possessing a cyclic behavior and its density is subjected to continuous variations. The density increases from particles like photons and neutrinos to dense objects like black holes. This behavior is the reason that local groups are gradually becoming denser. But objects cannot have infinite density so they reach a state where they become unstable and explode. This means that black holes will explode into particles photons and neutrons, and the density increasing behavior starts again.
Analyzing requires an observer which is itself a part of this Universe and possesses capabilities to analyze information. But everything is a part of this Universe and to analyze an object (a part of this Universe), we must do it in the function of another object.
This means A is perceived differently by B and different by C. The a, b or c may or may not be observers. However, in practice we need at least one observer otherwise we would not able to calculate. This observer is of course an object that influences the objects that are being analyzed by it. The energy of an object in relation to another object is given as:
Energy of A in reation to B=change in acceleration*difficulty to move
There nothing exists in the Universe that is has a constant value and everything can be described by the interaction of one object in relation to another. The difficulty to move is equivalent to difficult to become denser. That is the black hole that has low difficulty to move also has low difficulty to become denser. If it is translated to the bendable space which is difficult to move, we can say that A bends space in a way to B and in another way to C also. The difficulty to move can be defined by the following equations as:
E=∆a*difficulty to move
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[20] viXra:2007.0216 [pdf] submitted on 2020-07-28 11:08:38
Authors: Marla Wagner
Comments: Thank you sincerely for your time and consideration (Note: 1st page format corrected/rearranged by viXra Admin).
Jim Sawyer (1948-2018) of Buffalo, New York, challenged the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle and the current Cloud Theory. He concurred with Einstein that there exists a uniform electromagnetic quantum gravity field (Einstein, 1927). Sawyer independently researched to prove order exists in the universe, and that the locations of atomic particles can be located with high probability. Polyhedral analysis of the Periodic Table of the Elements reveals a geometric pattern that can be used to map the locations of spinning electrons at rest mass. I, Marla Wagner, assisted Sawyer in the development of his theory and now I am continuing to present his theory in his honor.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[19] viXra:2007.0173 [pdf] submitted on 2020-07-21 18:04:56
Authors: Stephane H Maes
Comments: 5 Pages. This submission grants viXra.org a non-exclusive license to distribute the article. I certify that the submitter has the right to grant this license. Revocability would be only if preprint removal were a condition for final publication.
In a multi-fold universe, gravity emerges from Entanglement through the multi-fold mechanisms. As a result, gravity-like effects appear in between entangled particles that they be real or virtual. Long range, massless gravity results from entanglement of massless virtual particles. Entanglement of massive virtual particles leads to massive gravity contributions at very smalls scales. Multi-folds mechanisms also result into a spacetime that is discrete, with a random walk fractal structure and non-commutative geometry that is Lorentz invariant and where spacetime nodes and particles can be modeled with microscopic black holes. All these recover General relativity at large scales and semi-classical model remain valid till smaller scale than usually expected. Gravity can therefore be added to the Standard Model. This can contribute to resolving several open issues with the Standard Model.
Since the work of Coleman, it is known that vacuum may be false in the universe with truer vacuum reachable by quantum tunneling. With the discovery and analysis of the Higgs boson, it has been estimated that, with the mass of the Higgs boson, our universe is right on the stable side, but the edge of instability; playing the fire, or rather the risk of a bubble of nothing erasing everything in the universe. In this paper we show that by adding non-negligible gravity to the standard model, the universe can move further away from the brink of instability; a reassuring thought. This satisfying result help us further argue for systematically considering adding gravity to the Standard Model.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[18] viXra:2007.0158 [pdf] submitted on 2020-07-20 05:28:22
Authors: Leo Vuyk
Comments: 33 Pages.
In Quantum FFF Theory, the new Black Hole based Herbig Haro interpretation is assumed to change our physical life as a whole.
Free Energy from the vacuum between two new physics black holes is found in Herbig Haor systems and around all stars called Birkeland Currents.
Based on the new dual string knot black hole interpretation of Q-FFF Theory, It is a logic proposal that future Herbig Haro micro ball lightning black hole systems will produce most of our need for electric energy.
In contrat with the evaporating black hole suggested by S. Hawking, all Black Holes grow, only by eating other black holes, vacuum particles (dubbed Axion-Higgs), all radiation and Neutrinos. However, BHs, do NOT eat Fermions.
The smallest BHs ( Ball Lightning) are unstable, but need radiation support to stay stable.
Large ( M87) black holes are observed with rings of plasma which is not eaten by the black hole, but distributed as Fermi bubbles perpendicular to the plane of the Galaxy.
However equal sized black holes do repel each other, often leaving a plasma bar in between, as the start of a celestial object. Like a star later a Galaxy or failed star dependent of the scale of the Herbig haro system.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[17] viXra:2007.0154 [pdf] submitted on 2020-07-19 10:54:35
Authors: John Peel
Comments: 6 Pages. There may be logical errors as in all work presented.
Perhaps information depends upon patterns rather than binary values. The definition of information given here is that it is that of opposites. This is justified by the use of curves (functions) and basic calculus (continuity). An essential formulae denoting a structure is given. It is very similar to the fundamental equation of dualities in black holes expounded in previous papers. There may not be a more absolute opposite than that of zero and infinity. Taking the inverse of each gives the other so the polarity should be obvious. But what is in the middle? Patterns! There is not anything particularly new in this paper but the main point is to assert that information should be defined as the opposite implicit criteria.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[16] viXra:2007.0152 [pdf] submitted on 2020-07-19 10:45:27
Authors: Osvaldo Domann
Comments: 25 Pages. Copyright. All rights reserved. The content of the present work, its ideas, axioms, postulates, definitions, derivations, results, findings, etc., can be reproduced only by making clear reference to the author.
Our present standard model is based on basic laws for forces which were mathematically introduced by matching equations with experimentally obtained curves. The basic laws are Coulomb, Ampere, Lorentz, Maxwell, Gravitation, etc. The equations were not deduced mathematically from the interactions of one postulated field, resulting the need to introduce for each particular manifestation of the force a different field, namely electric, magnetic, strong, weak and gravitation. In the present paper a model is presented where each known force is the product of a particular interaction of one field which consists of longitudinal and transversal angular momenta of a Fundamental Particle (FP). It shows that electrons and positrons neither attract nor repel each other when the distance between them tends to zero. This allows to represent muons, tauons and hadrons as swarms of electrons and positrons called quarks. The paper then concentrates on relativity showing that it is a speed and not a time-space problem, and that time and space are absolute variables. It also shows that photons are emitted with light speed from their source and move with speeds different than light speed relative to a moving reference system.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[15] viXra:2007.0138 [pdf] submitted on 2020-07-16 23:53:06
Authors: Michael John Sarnowski
Comments: 4 Pages.
There is a mystery in particle physics. What is the reason for the generations? What is the reason for the masses of the particles in the Standard Model. This paper shows that spinning sphere theory may explain the reason for the generations. In spinning sphere theory our universe starts with one particle for zero-dimensional point. Two particles for a one-dimensional string that corresponds to the Muon, Six particles for a two-dimensional ring, corresponding to the electron. 42 particles for the 2nd layer of a cuboctahedron for a three-dimensional particle, corresponding to the tauon. This paper specifically focuses on the tauon. More papers will come for the electron. Previously the mass of the muon being about one ninth the mass of the proton or neutron was discussed. This paper explains why the mass of the Tauon is about 17/9 of the proton or neutron.
This paper finds that the masses of the 2nd and 3rd generation particles, for the leptons, are related to the ratio of energies jumping from one orbital to another orbital. These are not the orbitals of the proton electron orbitals, but rather within their own fields. They could be orbitals within the leptons themselves.
This theory also proposes that, like De Broglie waves, where matter has wave like properties, there are dark orbitals, where jumping between orbital becomes the matter that we observe when the wave function collapses. This theory of dark orbitals comes directly from the prediction for the masses of particles.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[14] viXra:2007.0109 [pdf] submitted on 2020-07-15 12:13:18
Authors: René Friedrich
Comments: 6 Pages.
La gravitation a été modélisée par Einstein et Grossmann en tant qu'espace-temps courbe, mais tous les essais de quantisation ont échoué. Il s'est avéré que l'espace-temps courbe n'est pas compatible avec la mécanique quantique.
Cependant, il existe bien un modèle alternatif pour la gravitation : La dilatation du temps gravitationnelle. Nous démontrerons ici à l'exemple de la métrique de Schwarzschild que la gravitation peut être décrite non seulement comme la courbure de l'espace-temps, mais aussi comme la dilatation du temps gravitationnelle dans l'espace R3 - plane et non courbé - les deux conceptions sont parfaitement équivalentes. Au lieu d'agir sur la variété de l'espace-temps, la dilatation du temps gravitationnelle agit sur les lignes d'univers, et les lignes d'univers deviennent ainsi un élément central de la gravité quantique.
Dans la gravité quantique, pour être invariantes de Lorentz, les lignes d'univers doivent se débarrasser de leurs coordonnées d'espace-temps. Pour cela, elles ne doivent pas être paramétrées par le temps selon les coordonnées d'un quelconque observateur, mais par leur temps propre respectif. La dilatation du temps gravitationnelle ralentit ce paramètre de temps propre des lignes d'univers des particules et des systèmes quantiques.
Le résultat : Grâce au paramétrage invariant de Lorentz des lignes d'univers, la relativité générale harmonise parfaitement avec la mécanique quantique, ou en bref : "GR likes QM."
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[13] viXra:2007.0108 [pdf] submitted on 2020-07-15 12:15:50
Authors: René Friedrich
Comments: 6 Pages.
Gravitation wurde von Einstein und Grossmann als gekrümmte Raumzeit modellisiert. Alle Versuche der Quantisierung schlugen jedoch fehl. Es zeigte sich, dass das Modell der gekrümmten Raumzeit mit der Quantenmechanik nicht vereinbar ist.
Doch gibt es ein alternatives Modell für Gravitation: Die gravitative Zeitdilatation. Es wird hier am Beispiel der Schwarzschild-Metrik gezeigt werden, dass sich Gravitation nicht nur in der Form gekrümmter Raumzeit darstellen lässt, sondern auch in der Form der gravitativen Zeitdilatation im flachen ungekrümmten R3 Raum - beide Konzepte sind vollständig äquivalent. Gravitative Zeitdilatation wirkt nicht auf die Raumzeit sondern auf die Weltlinien, und von daher werden Weltlinien zu einem zentralen Element der Quantengravitation.
Weltlinien müssen sich im Rahmen der Quantengravitation, um Lorentz-invariant zu sein, ihrer Raumzeitkoordinaten entledigen. Hierzu ist es erforderlich, sie nicht durch die Koordinatenzeit eines beliebigen Beobachters zu parametrisieren, sondern durch ihre jeweilige Eigenzeit. Die gravitative Zeitdilatation verlangsamt diesen Eigenzeitparameter der Weltlinien von Teilchen und Quantensystemen.
Das Ergebnis: Dank der Lorentz-invarianten Parametrisierung der Weltlinien harmoniert die allgemeine Relativitätstheorie nahtlos mit der Quantenmechanik, kurz gesagt: GR "likes" QM.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[12] viXra:2007.0107 [pdf] submitted on 2020-07-15 12:19:09
Authors: René Friedrich
Comments: 6 Pages.
Gravity was modeled by Einstein and Grossmann as the curvature of spacetime, but all attempts to quantize curved spacetime have failed. Curved spacetime revealed to be not compatible with quantum mechanics.
However, an alternative model for gravity does exist: Gravitational time dilation. It will be shown here at the example of the Schwarzschild metric that gravity may be expressed not only in the form of spacetime curvature, but also in the form of gravitational time dilation in flat, uncurved R3 space - both concepts are perfectly equivalent. Instead of acting on spacetime, gravitational time dilation is acting on worldlines, and worldlines are becoming the central element of quantum gravity.
In quantum gravity, in order to be Lorentz-invariant, worldlines must get rid of their spacetime coordinates. For this purpose, they must not be parameterized by the coordinate time of some arbitrary observer, but rather by their respective proper time. Gravitational time dilation is slowing down this proper time parameter of the worldlines of particles and of quantum systems.
The result: Thanks to the Lorentz-invariant parametrization of worldlines, general relativity harmonizes seamlessly with quantum mechanics, or in short: GR "likes" QM.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[11] viXra:2007.0100 [pdf] replaced on 2020-07-17 00:07:56
Authors: Michael John Sarnowski
Comments: 4 Pages.
There is a mystery in particle physics. What is the reason for the generations? What is the reason for the masses of the particles in the Standard Model. This paper shows that spinning sphere theory may explain the reason for the generations. In spinning sphere theory our universe starts with one particle for zero-dimensional point. Two particles for a one-dimensional string that corresponds to the Muon, Six particles for a two-dimensional ring, corresponding to the electron. 42 particles for the 2nd layer of a cuboctahedron for a three-dimensional particle, corresponding to the tauon. This paper specifically focuses on the muon. More papers will come for the electron and the tauon.
This paper finds that the masses of the 2nd and 3rd generation particles, for the leptons, are related to the ratio of energies jumping from one orbital to another orbital. These are not the orbitals of the proton electron orbitals, but rather within their own fields. They could be orbitals within the leptons themselves.
This theory also proposes that, like De Broglie waves, where matter has wave like properties, there are dark orbitals, where jumping between orbital becomes the matter that we observe when the wave function collapses. This theory of dark orbitals comes directly from the prediction for the masses of particles.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[10] viXra:2007.0098 [pdf] submitted on 2020-07-13 22:03:59
Authors: Robert Mereau
Comments: 13 Pages. This method can be applied to light, charge and mass.
It has been shown that linear combinations of Heisenburg uncertainty equations can derive probability field equations which have fundamental characteristics similar to gravitational (and electric) forces. This paper extends previous work into 2Dimensional fields and fields with mass separation.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[9] viXra:2007.0079 [pdf] submitted on 2020-07-12 15:58:08
Authors: Vladimir Leonov
Comments: 9 Pages, 6 Figures. International Conference «Process Management and Scientific Developments» Birmingham, United Kingdom, June 9, 2020, pp. 173-182, DOI:10.34660/INF.2020.54.74.001
The electric field of a plane lattice of sign-alternating axes can be represented by a complex potential. Separating the real and imaginary parts of the complex potential, we find the electric field strength function and its modulus. Analysis of the electric field of a plane lattice of sign-alternating axes shows us that this field is short-range. When moving away from the lattice, its electric field strength decreases very quickly. We see that at a distance equal to the lattice step 1.0a, the field strength decreases by an order of magnitude, and at a distance of two steps 2.0a from lattice its electric field can be neglected in practical calculations. Our analysis shows us that the electric field of the lattice of sign-alternating axes is a very inhomogeneous field and this is a short-range field at a distance of one step of the lattice. Sign-alternating fields are widely used in my fundamental theory of Superunification: sign-alternating superstrings, sign-alternating shells of nucleons and others [1-5].
Keywords: sign-alternating fields, short-range fields and forces, theory of Superunification, sign-alternating superstrings, bifilar winding, quantum engines, Universe.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[8] viXra:2007.0073 [pdf] submitted on 2020-07-12 11:53:06
Authors: Tony Bermanseder
Comments: 178 Pages. Youtube presentation available Video link: https://youtu.be/zOVag2pcApo https://www.bitchute.com/video/mMVoAb4t9xtg/
The Dirac quantization condition and its relationship to the electromagnetic finestructure constant alpha is derived from the initial boundary conditions of the Quantum Big Bang Singularity (QBBS). The QBBS is shown to form a 2/11-dimensional mirror membrane as a 1-dimensional Dirac string relating timespace of a string-membrane epoch preceding the QBBS to the spacetime following the creation event. The Dirac monopole then transforms as a point particle into a space extended elementary particle known as the classical electron and is electro charge coupled as an electropole to the magneto charge of a magnetopole. The electron as a point particle of QFT and QED so becomes the monopolar form of the Dirac monopole as the Dirac electron, but coupled to the elementary quantum geometric templates of the scalar Higgs boson with a dark matter particle defined as a RMP or Restmass Photon. The space occupying classical electron is shown to oscillate on the fermi scale of the nuclear interactions of colour charge asymptotic gluon-quark confinement, with the ground state for the electron defining the wormhole singularity of the QBBS in spacetime as the fifth transformation of superstring classes (heterotic class 64) from the timespace era. The Dirac string so manifests as a membrane-mirror for a 4-dimensional spacetime embedded within a 5-dimensional spacetime and descriptive for a 3-dimensional surface embedded as volumar within a higher dimensional cosmology, described in the properties of a Möbian-Klein Bottle geometric connectivity for a one-sided manifold becoming two-sided in the original form of the Dirac string as a one-dimensional mathematical singularity mirroring itself in the monopolar string self-duality of a multidimensional holographic cosmology...[truncated by Admin]
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[7] viXra:2007.0068 [pdf] submitted on 2020-07-12 11:10:17
Authors: Stephane H Maes
Comments: 5 Pages. This submission grants viXra.org a non-exclusive license to distribute the article. I certify that the submitter has the right to grant this license. Revocability would be only if preprint removal were a condition for final publication.
In a multi-fold universe, gravity emerges from Entanglement through the multi-fold mechanisms. As a result, gravity-like effects appear in between entangled particles that they be real or virtual. Long range, massless gravity results from entanglement of massless virtual particles. Entanglement of massive virtual particles leads to massive gravity contributions at very smalls scales. Multi-folds mechanisms also result into a spacetime that is discrete, with a random walk fractal structure and non-commutative geometry that is Lorentz invariant and where spacetime nodes and particles can be modeled with microscopic black holes. All these recover General relativity at large scales and semi-classical model remain valid till smaller scale than usually expected. Gravity can therefore be added to the Standard Model. This can contribute to resolving several open issues with the Standard Model.
It has always been intriguing to explain why there seems to be only 3 generations of Fermions, for each family, including neutrinos. In this paper, we show that there are only 3 regimes defined in the Standard Model Lagrangian complemented with gravity, when it comes to the contribution of fermion masses interacting with Higgs bosons. As a result, differentiations of mass implies only 3 generations. It is another surprising result, from adding non-negligible gravity to the Standard model. While shown in the context of a multi-fold universe, the result can be extended to any model where gravity is not negligible at small scales.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[6] viXra:2007.0055 [pdf] submitted on 2020-07-08 19:12:34
Authors: Robert Mereau
Comments: 5 Pages.
Using a linear combination of Heisenburg uncertainty equations, it is possible to derive a mathematical probability (field equation) in which has fundamental characteristics similar to gravity. This is accomplished by substituting universal minimum and maximum values to position and momentum uncertainties.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[5] viXra:2007.0044 [pdf] submitted on 2020-07-07 06:01:43
Authors: Leo Vuyk
Comments: 32 Pages.
In Quantum FFF Theory, Fermions are supposed to be small rigid transformer strings with a propeller shape, able to become compound particles to form Quarks.
Different elementary particles have different qualities by their different complex stringy shape. Leptons and Quarks have a propeller shape with left or right handed pitch creating charge difference. Gluons, Photons and Neutrino particles have no comparable pitch.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[4] viXra:2007.0025 [pdf] submitted on 2020-07-05 13:34:11
Authors: Stephane H Maes
Comments: 4 Pages. This submission grants viXra.org a non-exclusive license to distribute the article. I certify that the submitter has the right to grant this license. Revocability would be only if preprint removal were a condition for final publication.
In a multi-fold universe, gravity emerges from entanglement through the multi-fold mechanisms. As a result, gravity-like effects appear in between entangled particles that they be real or virtual. Long range, massless gravity results from entanglement of massless virtual particles. Entanglement of massive virtual particles leads to massive gravity contributions at very smalls scales. Multi-folds mechanisms also result into a spacetime that is discrete, with a random walk fractal structure and non-commutative geometry that is Lorentz invariant and where spacetime nodes and particles can be modeled with microscopic black holes. All these recover General relativity at large scales and semi-classical model remain valid till smaller scale than usually expected. Gravity can therefore be added to the Standard Model. This can contribute to resolving several open issues with the Standard Model.
The strong CP violation problem is one of these issues: QCD predicts CP violation, yet no CP violation has ever been observed involving the strong interaction (when it occurs, it is for the weak interaction). In this paper we show that when adding gravity to the Standard Model, in a multi-fold universe, gravity allows the mass of the up quark to be smaller (close to, or equal to zero). This symmetry, or quasi symmetry, is a way to eliminate the CP violation contributions in QCD, therefore resolving the problem. It argues for evolving the Standard Model to add gravity, if non negligible at very small scales. No New Physics are introduced as new particles, which could also explain why axions have never been observed, and we may have to remove them as candidates to explain dark matter.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[3] viXra:2007.0018 [pdf] submitted on 2020-07-03 10:43:14
Authors: Stephane H. Maes
Comments: 4 Pages. This submission grants viXra.org a non-exclusive license to distribute the article. I certify that the submitter has the right to grant this license. Revocability would be only if preprint removal were a condition for final publication.
In a multi-fold universe, gravity emerges from Entanglement through the multi-fold mechanisms. As a result, gravity-like effects appear in between entangled particles that they be real or virtual. Long range, massless gravity results from entanglement of massless virtual particles. Entanglement of massive virtual particles leads to massive gravity contributions at very smalls scales. Multi-folds mechanisms also result into a spacetime that is discrete, with a random walk fractal structure and non-commutative geometry that is Lorentz invariant and where spacetime nodes and particles can be modeled with microscopic black holes. All these recover General relativity at large scales and semi-classical model remain valid till smaller scale than usually expected. Gravity can therefore be added to the Standard Model. This can contribute to resolving several open issues with the Standard Model. In particular with chirality flips of fermion induced by gravity, right-handed neutrinos (and left-handed anti-neutrinos) can appear in flight and now acquire mass when encountering Higgs bosons; two mysteries can be explained in one shot in a multi-fold universe.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2] viXra:2007.0010 [pdf] submitted on 2020-07-02 10:55:50
Authors: John Peel
Comments: 4 Pages. No particularily new ideas but may be of interest.
The main assumption here is that a rotation through any angle(s) is a change in dimension. Also that operating on the structure of energy can alter the space of dimension. The matrix operator Q is related to the choice function E or B. Using ideas from previous papers the very structure of a particle is a logical entity and here is represented by matrices.
A change in energy is a change in the number of variables of space(time). This may mean that the number of rows in the structure of a particle is a redundant energy, contributing to entropy.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[1] viXra:2007.0006 [pdf] replaced on 2023-04-10 19:50:05
Authors: Stephane H. Maes
Comments: 5 Pages. All related details of the projects (and updates) can be found and followed at https://shmaesphysics.wordpress.com/shmaes-physics-site-navigation/
In a multi-fold universe, gravity emerges from eIn a multi-fold universe, gravity emerges from entanglement through the multi-fold mechanisms. As a result, gravity-like effects appear in between entangled particles or regions. When applied to astrophysics, these effects are analogous to additional matter within or around galaxies. This way, we recover behaviors that match expected and observed effects when dark matter would be present or missing. No New Physics is introduced in terms of new particles beyond the Standard Model or modifying long range gravity: only the modeling of gravity as emerging from entanglement, in a multi-fold universe.ntanglement through the multi-fold mechanisms. As a result, gravity-like effects appear in between entangled particles or regions. When applied to astrophysics, these effects are analogous to additional matter within or around galaxies. This way, we recover behaviors that match expected and observed dark matter effects, when present or missing. No New Physics is introduced in terms of new particles beyond the Standard Model or modifying long range gravity: only the modeling of gravity as emerging from entanglement in a multi-fold universe.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
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