Condensed Matter

2502 Submissions

[2] viXra:2502.0192 [pdf] replaced on 2026-10-16 01:01:57

Materialized Photons

Authors: Di Zhuang, Hongzhang Zhuang
Comments: 23 Pages.

In this paper, a new hypothesis is proposed: when blackbody radiation interacts with matter, a photon can annihilate by capturing atoms or molecules, thereby generating a phonon-like quasiparticle—the materialized photon. This materialized photon then further couples to the blackbody radiation, producing a new quasiparticle—the condenson. We mainly take $^4$He as the specific object of study and present a detailed exposition of this new condenson model. Based on the model, new explanations are provided for the quantization of circulation and magnetic flux. The phonon—roton dispersion curve (P—R curve) of the superfluid $^4$He quasiparticles, which was conjectured by Landau, as well as the specific heat curve with singularities across the entire temperature range, are calculated and found to be in excellent agreement with the experimental data. More importantly, the condenson model provides the dynamical origin of the superfluidity of $^4$He II. Later in this paper, the new model is applied to the study of superconductivity and the superfluidity of $^3$He.
Category: Condensed Matter

[1] viXra:2502.0073 [pdf] replaced on 2025-08-25 13:58:49

Lushai Dictionary and The Graphical Law

Authors: Anindya Kumar Biswas
Comments: 30 Pages. A mistake in plotting BW(c=0.01) has been rectified

We study the Dictionary of the Lushai Language(Lushai-English) by James Herbert Lorrain(Pu Buanga), brought out by The Asiatic Society, 3rd Reprint, 1990. We count one by one all the distinct Lushai head entries. We draw the natural logarithm of the number of the Lushai head entries, normalised, starting with a letter vs the natural logarithm of the rank of the letter, normalised/unnormalised. We conclude that the Lushai head entries underlie a magnetisation curve of a Spin-Glass in the presence of little external magnetic field.
Category: Condensed Matter