Classical Physics

Theoretical Treatment on the Hydrostatic Stability of Ships (Part 2:) Stable Attitude in an Inclined State

Authors: Tsutomu Hori, Manami Hori
Comments: 15 Pages, 6 Figures, 31 Equations, 32 References.

Published in the Bulletin of Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science in Japan, 2023 (June), Vol.63, No.1, Research Notes in Mathematical and Physical Science, pp.55~69.

In this paper, a theoretical treatment on the hydrostatic stability of ships is presented. As the simplest hull form, a columnar ship with rectangular cross-section, which is made of homogeneous squared timber with arbitrary breadth and material, is chosen.

In the Part 2 of this theme, the stable attitude in an inclined state of the ship, which is not stable in the upright state with horizontal deck, is analyzed by means of ship's hydrostatics. By doing so, the dependence of the inclined attitude on the breadth and material of the ship will be clarified.
Category: Classical Physics

Relationship of the Internal Structure of the Photon with Field and Charge

Authors: Mark Anthony Tierno
Comments: 72 Pages.

This paper provides an analysis of the internal structure of a photon and how that relates to the apparent differences in each of the observed forces, as well as to the formation of electrons and protons. A connection will also be shown between the movement of a photon and its internal structure as well as the Energy Density of this universe, as measured by Planck’s Constant. Key to determining this photonic structure is the splitting of the Gravitational Constant into two separate constants: c2 and a new Field Density, the latter of which is what varies for Gravity versus Strong Force according to the photon’s internal structure. An association is then mathematically shown to exist between the Field Density of gravity and the value of c2, and as well between that and Planck’s Constant. The final analysis yields an equation that predicts the mass values for protons and electrons based only on geometrical considerations and the sinusoidally varying nature of the Field Density. It is also shown how various aspects of this theory connects to known equations and derivations as exist in Relativity and Quantum Mechanics, thus forming a bridge between them. A relationship between Charge and entangled photonic fields is then mathematically demonstrated. Finally, the difference between matter and antimatter is explained within the context of these theories. Wherever possible, calculated values are compared to known measured ones and shown to agree to within 0.4% — 0.005% for most values.
Category: Classical Physics

Relation Between Mass and Angular Momentum for a Covariant Charge Distribution

Authors: John French
Comments: 10 Pages. This paper has been partly published in Physics Essays

A relation is found between the proper time derivative of mass and angular momentum for a covariant charge distribution. This is based on the rest frame equations of motion of a relativistic rotating charge distribution.
Category: Classical Physics

The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle: A Stroke of Genius or a Misinterpretation of Planck's Quantum of Action

Authors: Norbert Buchholz
Comments: 6 Pages.

The Planck's quantum of action was subjected to a decided investigation concerning its validity. Thereby the maximum mass, which is important for this system, could be calculated with the help of the formula for the calculation of gravitational constant, which was worked out in the projection theory2, and could be identified unambiguously as proton mass. Thus, also a minimum length and time, as well as form and size of the proton as cubic minimum volume (space pixel) are determined. Our and Heisenberg's interpretation of the quantum of action, which he expressed in 1927 in his famous uncertainty principle, were contrasted, whereby from our point of view Heisenberg's interpretation is rather to be classified as questionable, which the reader may well question as our subjective conviction.
Category: Classical Physics

The Vortical Model of Magnetic Field and the Maxwell’s Laws

Authors: Marius Arghirescu
Comments: 12 Pages.

It was shown in the paper that the models of E- and B- fields obtained in a Cold genesis theory (CGT), supposing the kinetics of a flux of E-field’s quanta, are compatible with Maxwell’s equations by a vortical model of B-field and A- magnetic potential with a uniform speed of the etherono-quantonic vortex —given by heavy etherons (ms  10-60 kg) and u201aquantons’ (mh = h1/c2 = 7.37x10-51 kg), specific in particular to a vortical electron model, with classical spin . The stability of the specific vortex of the electron’s magnetic moment was explained by a centripetal force of Magnus type, generated at the quanton’s passing through a low frictional etheronic medium. The resulting vortical model of magnetic moment is compatible with a multi-vortical model of electron, with classic quantum volume filled with vortical photons which can explain the Lorentz force as quantum force of Magnus type and a part of the electron's rest energy mc2 as intrinsic energy. It was argued that these vortical models of magnetic field and of electron are compatible also with the Coulomb’s law and with experiments concerning the Aharonov-Bohm effect.
Category: Classical Physics

How is Our Universe Really Organized?

Authors: Vasily Brusko
Comments: 8 Pages.

This work proposes a paradigm shift in understanding the universe. The Universe is considered as a mechanism that produces fundamental physical phenomena: elementary particles of matter, fields, forces, space, time, speed of light and much more with all the relationships between phenomena. It is shown: how such a mechanism should be arranged, how it works.The proposed model can be tested experimentally. A computer simulation of it can be created. The model explains all existing physical paradoxes such as:- vacuum does not prevent the movement of elementary particles, but conducts waves as a dense, elastic medium,- the presence of wave properties in elementary particles of matter, and much more.
Category: Classical Physics

Calculating Big G

Authors: Steve P. Smith
Comments: 4 Pages.

The mathematical calculation of the Universal Constant of Gravitation has eluded physicists and mathematicians for in excess of three centuries The most recent issue being the exact definition of the force of Gravity and how it can be included in an all-encompassing theory taking into account quantum mechanics. The most challenging of all is a precise understanding of gravity in particular the Gravitational constant. Mathematical calculation of the Gravitational constant reveals interesting results offering compelling evidence that an exact value for the Gravitational constant can indeed be calculated.
Category: Classical Physics

Perfect Fluid Model with G = 2

Authors: John French
Comments: 10 Pages. This paper has been published in Physics Essays

A perfect fluid model with a shell of charge is presented which yields g = 2 for low angular velocity. This model is not intended to represent a classical model of the electron but to show that a simple model based on equations consistent with special relativity can yield a value of g = 2.
Category: Classical Physics

Kinematics Kernels: A Reassessment of Particle Kinematics in Newtonian Mechanics

Authors: Fereydoun F. Memar-Zanjani II
Comments: 7 Pages. 3 appendices; 1 table, 5 figures, 6 equations. DOI: http://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/b6dfn

When a cannonball is shot towards the walls of a fortress, or when the ion drives on a satellite eject gas in order to keep its orbit stable, or, similarly, when we observe the ordinary day-to-day movements of cars, rivers, and other objects, and even the speed of a chemical reaction, we, in fact, are witnessing the effects that physics, or more specifically, kinematics, has on our world. The former, for instance, employs the range formula for projectiles; the satellite, on the other hand, utilizes the concept of velocity to continue being kept afloat in space. Although the latter cases are, respectively, measured in terms of acceleration, distance, and speed (or, depending on the circumstances, in terms of their vectorized counterparts: change in speed, displacement, and velocity); they all, however, do have a shared sense of motion attached to them, which in physics and engineering came to be known as "kinematics."This paper aims to explain the fundamentals of kinematics and clarify the core topics and idioms covered within college-level physics courses, and some of the advanced high school science textbooks, straightforwardly and comprehensively; furthermore, core kinematics concepts and equations will be demonstrated alongside the algebraic proofs of their derived formulae.
Category: Classical Physics

The Θ-Brane Theory : A Canvas for the Universe

Authors: Jean-Pierre Laflamme
Comments: 67 Pages.

Among the different models of representation of the universe, the Friedmann positive curvature model often comes up. It is a model using the universal, harmonious and simple shape of the sphere, therefore a closed but unlimited universe, uniform in all its directions. The figure on the right is a simplified representation. However, to properly contain the universe, this shape must have one dimension more than the conventional sphere of our 3D world (called 2-sphere in mathematics). It is therefore a 3-sphere, which takes one dimension more than the 2-sphere: its surface becomes a hyper-surface, therefore a volume and the volume it occupies becomes a space with 4 Euclideandimensions. Thus, in this model, the universe resides in the hypersurface of the 3-sphere and requires 4D space to unfold.We also know that the universe is essentially made up of vacuum at an extremely low average density of around 1 atom/m³. In this context, the legitimate question that can be asked is how the universe, being so empty, can ensure its cohesion in the even emptier 4D space which surrounds it both inside and outside of its hyper-surface. The present article responds to this by hypothesizing a solid and perfectly elastic hyper-membrane which occupies the entire hyper-surface of the 3-sphere and which thus serves as a support structure for the universe. Once well characterized, this hypermembrane, named here Θ-Brane, can then serve as a support for the universe itself but also as a support for the propagation of its waves, for the movement of its matter without drag effect, and finally support its various energy fields and all this, without contradiction with the two postulates of Special Relativity.Furthermore, the presence of this hyper-membrane makes it possible to provide explanations for matter-antimatter asymmetry, the exclusive helicity of neutrinos-antineutrinos, gravitation based on quantum fluctuations of the vacuum and more.
Category: Classical Physics

Natural System of Units (Натуральная система единиц)

Authors: Robert Yusupov
Comments: 46 Pages. In Russian

In this article, the author presents his system of natural units (YRA-system). This system of units is based on a dialectical-materialistic view of nature. The statement is accepted as a hypothesis that "the content of fundamental particles is a "pure", concrete matter of nature". A comparison is made with the systems of natural units of J. Stoney and M. Planck. The last two systems are static systems of units. The author also first proposes a static system of units. But the author does not stop there. Introducing an element of dialectics, dynamics inherent in nature, into his reasoning, the author moves from a static system of units to a dynamic (dialectical) system of units. It is this dialectical, dynamic system of units (YRA-system) that, according to the author, is the real system of units of NATURE.

В настоящей статье автор представляет свою систему натуральных единиц (YRA-систему). В основе этой системы единиц лежит диалектико-материалистический взгляд на природу. Принято в качестве гипотезы утверждение, что «содержимое элементарных частиц является «чистой», конкретной материей природы». Проводится сопоставление с системами натуральных единиц Дж. Стони и М. Планка. Последние две системы являются статичными системами единиц. Автор также вначале предлагает статичную систему единиц. Но автор на этом не останавливается. Привнося элемент диалектики, динамики присущий природе, в свои рассуждения, автор от статичной системы единиц переходит к динамичной (диалектичной) системе единиц. Именно эта диалектическая, динамическая система единиц (YRA-система) и является, по мнению автора, реальной естественной системой единиц ПРИРОДЫ.
Category: Classical Physics

STOE "hod" Is the Quantum "Graviton"

Authors: John Hodge
Comments: 3 Pages.

The graviton in quantum models is a particle or force carrier that accounts for the gravitational force. The ``hod'' in the Scalar Theory of Everything (STOE) is the component of the universe that is the most fundamental particle. The structure of hods emerge to form photons and other particles. This provides the unification of the big and the small. Many observations are explained such as interference of particles and galaxy's asymmetric rotation curves.
Category: Classical Physics