Classical Physics

Multiple Reflection Interference Experiments Violating the Conservation of Energy Law

Authors: Kazufumi Sakai
Comments: 4 Pages.

The conservation law of energy asserts that the total energy must always remain constant, even when its form changes. This conservation law also holds in electromagnetism (optics), where the total energy of light incident on and output from a system must be equal. However, we have found a phenomenon in which the total energy of the interference light emitted from a multiple-reflection interferometer is greater than the energy of the incident light. This increase is stable in time and can be explained by wave optics. The energy conservation law is valid when averaged over a region sufficiently wider than the interference fringe period, but when the beam width is narrower than the fringe period, the total light intensity increases or decreases and the conservation law does not hold.
Category: Classical Physics

Light Beam Traveling with Varying Energy

Authors: Kazufumi Sakai
Comments: 3 Pages.

Light emitted from a multiple reflection device using a mirror and a half-mirror does not show interference fringes when the relative angle between the mirrors is zero, and the energy of the incident light and the outgoing light coincide at each point. On the other hand, when the relative angle is non-zero, interference fringes are observed depending on the angle. We have reported that the total energy of the incident and outgoing beams do not match (that is, the law of conservation of energy does not hold) when the relative angle is small (the fringe spacing is wide) and the incident beam width is narrow. Furthermore, the light beam emitted from this multiple reflector has the interesting property of changing in intensity as it propagates. We have experimentally confirmed this change.
Category: Classical Physics

Theory of Heat

Authors: Rajeev Kumar
Comments: 3 Pages.

In this paper a theory of heat has been presented.
Category: Classical Physics

Space, Time, Matter and Kinematics of a Point
Пространство, время, материя и кинематика точки Часть 1

Authors: Valery Timin
Comments: 113 Pages. In Russian

Physics plays a huge role in modern natural science. In this paper, the section "Kinematics" is considered. The model and purpose of studyingkinematics in this work will be the description of the mechanical motion of a material point in space in time with a geometric bias. At the same time, as a rule, its mass and other material properties, as well as the reasons for this particular movement, will not be taken into account. All that matters are the concepts of coordinates and trajectories. Everything else is derived from them. The tools of physics are mathematics and experiments. With the help actual data on the relationships in physical reality is collected, then abstract mathematical theories of physicalreality corresponding to the conducted experiments are formulated, then again, with the helpof experiments, these theories are tested for compliance with the current state of physicalknowledge and predictions are made beyond current knowledge. And all in a circle. Kinematics is the most abstract branch of physics (and mechanics), very close to abstract mathematics, whose task is to describe possible movements abstract physical objects in space and time without taking into account the real laws of physics. Kinematics is more geometry than physics and mechanics. Its objects are models of real physical objects and a description of their motion in abstractspace—time. I would like to define the laws of kinematics. But there are none. Kinematics ismathematics with a material, physical connotation with a set of words from physics and mechanics.We can only say that these laws could follow from the three basic laws of dynamics of classical Galileo—Newton mechanics (CMN) and special and general Einstein's theory of relativity (SRT and GRT) — but even this cannot be said. There is noconcept of force and, therefore, causality in it.

В данной работе рассматривается раздел «Кинематика». Моделью и целью изучениякинематики в данной работе будет описание механического движения материальнойточки в пространстве во времени с геометрическим уклоном. При этом, как правило, небудут учитываться ее масса и другие материальные свойства, а также причины именноэтого движения. Все, что имеет значение — это понятия координаты и траектории. Всеостальное — производные от них.Инструментами физика являются математика и эксперименты. С помощьюэкспериментов производится сбор фактических данных о взаимосвязях в физическойреальности, затем формулируются абстрактные математические теории физическойреальности, соответствующие проведенным эксперимента, далее опять же с помощьюэкспериментов проверяются эти теории на соответствие текущему состоянию физическихзнаний и делаются предсказания за пределами текущих знаний. И все по кругу.Кинематика — это наиболее абстрактный раздел физики (и механики), очень близкийк абстрактной математике, задачей которой является описание возможных движенийабстрактных физических объектов в пространстве и времени без учета реальных законовфизики. Кинематика — более геометрия, чем физика и механика. Его объектами являютсямодели реальных физических объектов и описание их движения в абстрактномпространстве—времени.Хотелось бы определить законы кинематики. Но их нет. Кинематика — этоматематика с материальным, физическим оттенком с набором слов из физики и механики.Можно сказать только то, что эти законы могли бы следовать из трех основных законовдинамики классической механики Галилея—Ньютона (КМН) и специальной и общейтеории относительности Эйнштейна (СТО и ОТО) — но и этого нельзя сказать. В ней нетпонятия силы и, следовательно, причинности.
Category: Classical Physics

Kinetic Theory of Fluids

Authors: Rajeev Kumar
Comments: 3 Pages.

In this paper a kinetic theory of fluids has been presented.
Category: Classical Physics

Generalized Hooke’s Law

Authors: Rajeev Kumar
Comments: 3 Pages.

In this paper the generalized Hooke’s law has been presented.
Category: Classical Physics

The Electron as a Slowed Down Wave

Authors: Yaseen Ali Mohammed Al Azzam
Comments: 46 Pages.

This paper is to show that Compton wave can generate electrons because both are quantized into the same elementary particles and how the electron is a slowed down Compton wave. The electron’s structure behind its helical shape is explained. The forces involved in forming the electron and the relation between its induced and static parameters are discussed and the electron’s inductance, magnetic field and flux, electric field, voltage, current etc. are derived.A model for an equivalent circuit of the electron with the free space impedance as a circuit component is detailed The electron’s wave behavior is discussed with measuring its energy density, wave pressure and pointing vector with showing how De Broglie’s wave particle duality hypothesis describes its rotational motion rather than its wave behavior.
Category: Classical Physics

Polarization of Photonic Light

Authors: Rajeev Kumar
Comments: 2 Pages.

Polarization of light is the process of converting a non-polarized light into a polarized light. In this paper a model of polarization of photonic light has been presented.
Category: Classical Physics