General Science and Philosophy

Eugenics

Authors: Nicolae Sfetcu
Comments: 6 Pages.

The main concern of the first eugenists, such as Karl Pearson and Walter Weldon of University College London , were the perceived intelligence factors considered to be correlated with the social class. In his speech "Darwinism, Medical Progress and Eugenics", Karl Pearson equates eugenics with a field of medicine. Some areas of medicine that are not commonly recognized as eugenic affect the human genes background. These include sterilization and surgical techniques that allow the functioning of reproductive organs. Even medicines that do not directly involve reproductive organs can alter the gene pool. Genetic abnormalities in such individuals are thus duplicated, modifying the genetic background. On this basis, such practices are widely accepted as more radical eugenic processes.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

The Reality

Authors: Zhengchen Liang
Comments: 10 Pages.

This document introduces the genesis and cardinal structure of existences, philosophically derived by the two concepts of certainty and diversity. All existences constructed by the $x$ diversity maps is the base structure of The Reality, on which sequential excitations of $z$ diversity maps found realities. Natural and other classes of existences in The Reality are partially characterized.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Is the Timing of Human Warfare Correlated with Cyclical Dopamine and Serotonin Levels?

Authors: Tariq Khan
Comments: 16 Pages. FInal version with updated diagrams

A short and informal essay speculating on the impact of pollen and, thus, histamine on human serotonin levels, especially violence and warfare. The peak pollen months in spring of February, March, April, and May and the fall months of August and September are proposed as having higher levels of "impulsive anger" from the histamine-driven lowered serotonin in humans especially human males. The start dates of all war battles from 2001 to 2023 and from 1900 to 2023 as listed in Wikipedia are examined by month where the ranking, as well as medical research results, support the hypothesis.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Cunoașterea (Knowledge)

Authors: Nicolae Sfetcu
Comments: 23 Pages. In Romanian

Greu de spus ce este cunoașterea. Cu cât se discută mai mult asupra acestui concept, cu atât mai multe sunt opiniile divergente. Epistemologia este teoria cunoașterii, iar una dintre întrebările caracteristice epistemologiei se referă la ce au în comun toate nenumăratele tipuri de cunoștințe pe care ni le atribuim. O distincție majoră între diferitele tipuri de cunoaștere este cunoașterea descriptivă, declarativă sau propozițională (care necesită un grad mai mare de sofisticare intelectuală din partea celui care caută cunoașterea) și cunoașterea cunoștințelor sau a abilităților.Pentru ca o descriere, declarație sau afirmație să fie cunoaștere, trebuie ca aceasta să fie o credință, să fie adevărată, și să fie justificată. O declarație de credință este o expresie a credinței în cineva sau ceva. Credința trebuie să fie adevărată pentru a fi cunoaștere. Platon, în Gorgias, susține că credința este cel mai frecvent invocat purtător de adevăr. În multe dintre dialogurile lui Platon, precum Menon și, în special, Theaitetos, Socrate consideră cunoașterea ca fiind credința adevărată explicată sau definită într-un fel. Justificarea credinței implică un motiv bun pentru a face acest lucru. Definiția cunoașterii ca o credință adevărată justificată a fost acceptată pe scară largă până în 1960, când filosoful american Edmund Gettier a provocat discuții majore pe scară largă.

Hard to say what knowledge is. The more this concept is discussed, the more divergent opinions are. Epistemology is the theory of knowledge, and one of the characteristic questions of epistemology concerns what all the myriad kinds of knowledge we ascribe to ourselves have in common. A major distinction between different types of knowledge is descriptive, declarative, or propositional knowledge (which requires a greater degree of intellectual sophistication on the part of the knowledge seeker) and knowledge or skill knowledge.For a description, statement, or assertion to be knowledge, it must be a belief, be true, and be justified. A statement of faith is an expression of belief in someone or something. Belief must be true to be knowledge. Plato, in the Gorgias, argues that faith is the most frequently invoked bearer of truth. In many of Plato's dialogues, such as the Meno and especially the Theaetetus, Socrates regards knowledge as true belief explained or defined in some way. Justification for belief involves a good reason for doing so. The definition of knowledge as justified true belief was widely accepted until 1960, when the American philosopher Edmund Gettier provoked major widespread discussion.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

The East and West Philosophies: A Comparison of Geometric and Algebraic Structures

Authors: Wen-Xiang Chen
Comments: 4 Pages.

The East and West philosophies are often compared based on their cultural differences and historical backgrounds. However, this paper aims to compare these two philosophical traditions using mathematical concepts. The Eastern philosophy can be compared to a geometric structure, where there is a strong sense of determinism and order. On the other hand, the Western philosophy can be compared to an algebraic structure, where there is a high degree of uncertainty and a need for observation and experimentation. This paper argues that these two structures represent different ways of understanding the world, and that both have their strengths and limitations.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

认识的原理 (The Principle of Epistem)

Authors: Raining Gong
Comments: 88 Pages. In Chinese

本文讨论了认识的逻辑形成和逻辑结构：纯粹离散（自我）纯粹离散地（认识）认识纯粹离散（世界）如何可能？辨析了三种认识形态：形式认识，体验认识，自由认识。以及四种认识：经验、知识、智慧、自由。本文主要分为两部分：世界：如何从纯粹离散中认识出现有世界；意识：如何对纯粹离散的自我展开认识。并以此为基础给出了观察人和社会的新视角。

This paper discusses the logical formation and logical structure of cognition: How is it possible to know purely discrete (the self) purely discretely (knowledge) purely discretely (the world)? Discriminate and analyze three types of cognition: formal cognition, experience cognition and free cognition. And the four kinds of knowledge: experience, knowledge, wisdom, and freedom. This article is mainly divided into two parts: the world: how to recognize the existing world from pure discreteness; consciousness: how to realize the pure discrete self. And based on this, a new perspective for observing people and society is given.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

My Game Session with Russian Chatgpt Clone

Authors: Vladimir Aksayskiy
Comments: 2 Pages.

The ChatGPT chatbot, according to some intellectuals, is nothing more than an auxiliary tool that will force society to rethink what is considered creative work and how to stimulate it.
Category: General Science and Philosophy