General Science and Philosophy

Darkness and Light

Authors: Clark M. Thomas
Comments: 4 Pages.

Darkness is everywhere, but hardly anywhere within serious thought. We like to focus on light, and ignore the other side of the coin, impoverishing our vision and our physics. This deceptively simple essay considers gray areas where hard science and evolving human society interpenetrate. Here is a primary intersection of scientific physics and humanistic philosophy.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Is Our World an Intelligent Simulation?

Authors: Dmitri Martila
Comments: 11 Pages. Submitted to the journal.

Elon Musk seems to believe that our world is an intelligent simulation; that part of our world is simulated (part A), and part is not (part B): it is like augmented reality, made by highly advanced beings. I argue that part B is a galaxy, but part A is the Dark Matter surrounding that galaxy.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Natural Boundaries

Authors: Dmitri Martila
Comments: 6 Pages. Submitted to the journal.

My understanding of modern physical discoveries that does not modify the existing equations. Only the values become bounded, to avoid infinities and singularities: "the sand a boundary for the sea, an everlasting barrier it cannot cross. The waves may roll, but they cannot prevail; they may roar, but they cannot cross it." Jeremiah 5:22 NIV.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

To Know Them, Remove Them: an Outer Methodological Approach to Biophysics and Humanities

Authors: Arturo Tozzi
Comments: 26 Pages.

Set theory faces two difficulties: formal definitions of sets/subsets are incapable of assessing biophysical issues; formal axiomatic systems are complete/inconsistent or incomplete/consistent. To overtake these problems reminiscent of the old-fashioned principle of individuation, we provide formal treatment/validation/operationalization of a methodological weapon termed “outer approach” (OA). The observer’s attention shifts from the system under evaluation to its surroundings, so that objects are investigated from outside. Subsets become just “holes” devoid of information inside larger sets. Sets are no longer passive containers, rather active structures enabling their content’s examination. Consequences/applications of OA include: a) operationalization of paraconsistent logics, anticipated by unexpected forerunners, in terms of advanced truth theories of natural language, anthropic principle and quantum dynamics; b) assessment of embryonic craniocaudal migration in terms of Turing’s spots; c) evaluation of hominids’ social behaviors in terms of evolutionary modifications of facial expression’s musculature; d) treatment of cortical action potentials in terms of collective movements of extracellular currents, leaving apart what happens inside the neurons; e) a critique of Shannon’s information in terms of the Arabic thinkers’ active/potential intellects. Also, OA provides an outer view of a) humanistic issues such as the enigmatic Celestino of Verona’s letter, Dante Alighieri’s “Hell” and the puzzling Voynich manuscript; b) historical issues such as Aldo Moro’s death and the Liston/Clay boxing fight. Summarizing, the safest methodology to quantify phenomena is to remove them from our observation and tackle an outer view, since mathematical/logical issues such as selective information deletion and set complement rescue incompleteness/inconsistency of biophysical systems.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

The Human Vertebrae, the Number Phi, the Square Root of 2, the Number pi and the Number e

Authors: Muhammed Omar Badr
Comments: 2 Pages.

The numbers and proportions of the human vertebrae are not randomly organized but have relations to the number phi, the square root of 2, the number pi and the number e. This paper shows these relations.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

The Nature of the Reflection of Our Consciousness
Природа отражения нашего сознания

Authors: Robert Yusupov
Comments: 35 Pages. In Russian (please learn Russian) © Robert Yusupov APR 22 2021

The full title of this article is "Reasoning and Thinking of a Dialectical Materialist on the Nature of Reflection of Our Consciousness". Thinking on the nature of reflection. How do we perceive the material world around us? How does our eye perceive and reflect the material nature around us? What is the reflection mechanism? What is the essence of reflection? What is the essence of observation? How do we observe a continuous process? What are the physical aspects of observing a real continuous natural process? Here are the questions to be discussed. And this article also deals with problems and categories: "Continuous and discrete", "Dynamic and static", "Dynamic, continuous and static, discrete".

Полное название настоящей статьи «Размышления диалектического материалиста о природе отражения нашего сознания». Размышления о природе отражения Как мы воспринимаем окружающий нас материальный мир? Как наш глаз воспринимает и отражает окружающую нас материальную природу? Каков механизм отражения? Какова сущность отражения? Какова сущность наблюдения? Как мы наблюдаем непрерывный процесс? Каковы физические аспекты при наблюдении реального непрерывного природного процесса? Вот вопросы, выносимые на обсуждение. А ещё в настоящей статье ведется речь о проблемах и категориях: «Непрерывное и дискретное», «Динамичное и статичное», «Динамичное, непрерывное и статичное, дискретное». Подключайтесь к обсуждению, уважаемые товарищи, граждане и читатели!
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Expansion of Our Universe Through the Eyes of a Microbiologist

Authors: Vladimir Aksayskiy
Comments: 2 Pages.

From the point of view of a microbiologist, the Hubble equation describes the expansion of the Universe as an exponential phase of the expansion of a colony of microbes-galaxies on the surface of a dark nutrient medium.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Anti-logic And Its Application

Authors: Thomas Pytaschek
Comments: 216 Pages. [Corrections made by viXra Admin to conform with the requirements on the Submission Form]

This article presents the first part of some thoughts and comments on a concept of anti-logic and its application on general problems within the existence.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

The Striking Parallels Between Ancient Hinduism and Modern Physics

Authors: Deep Bhattacharjee
Comments: 5 Pages. Ancient Hindu Technologies, Eastern Mysticism, Hinduism & Modern Physics

The roots of modern physics lies in the ancient scripts of the most profound ‘Eastern Mythology’ – Hinduism. It is not difficult to believe that, those ‘mystic sages’ and their religious writings contains striking parallelism between the theories that physics has devel-oped today and those of Vedas, Upanishads, Vedantas, Mahabharats, Gitas and Ramayanas. The immense volume of ancient texts and the believer of a supreme, profound God, the creator of the creation, the oneness among many things, the omnipotent soul, the ruler of this universe, who itself is residing in the higher dimensions is a subject matter of unparallel researches of ‘Indology’ and the ‘Hinduism’ with resemblance to the modern theories of the theoretical and experimental physics that, developed as early as 7000 – 5000 BCE to present day is the subject matter of this paper. Due importance has been chalked out and criticized with respect to the cosmology, particle physics and the ‘eastern mysticism’ especially the ‘Hinduism’ beliefs and its importance to the present day theo-ries being tested in the laboratories which are the key role for the development of the modern day sciences, that also shows, that, the ancient Hinduism was so much developed around thousands and thousands of years ago, which even modern day physics got per-plexed to find a parallels with them that ‘How can those sages (Rishi’s and Muni’s) of the Indo-Aryan periods developed these ideas so long ago?’.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

The Possible Impact of the Islamic Zakat on Worldwide Poverty

Authors: Muhammed Omar Badr
Comments: 2 Pages.

Regarding an article of the World Bank from 2020 [1], 2017 9.2 percent of the world population was living with less than 1.90$ per day. 24.1 percent lived on less than 3.20$ per day. Islam is the Religion with the second biggest community in the world. In Islam, Muslims are committed to pay about 2.70 percent of their property to poor people per Islamic year (the Islamic year has 354 to 355 days). The focus and the question which this article treats, is whether Zakat is able to defeat worldwide poverty and if it is the solution for the most urgent problem of our time.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

The 1599 Letter by Giordano Bruno’s Accuser, Celestino of Verona: All Is Not as It Seems

Authors: Arturo Tozzi
Comments: 2 Pages.

The heretic Capuchin Celestino of Verona, one of the harshest opponents of Giordano Bruno, wrote in 1599 to the Roman Inquisition and (anonymously) to the Venetian Inquisitor to inform himself. In a few months, he was burnt alive on the heels of an unusually short Inquisitorial trial. This traditional account, held by the most prominent scholars of Giordano Bruno too, states that the Venetian Inquisitor received an anonymous letter. Once the Pope came to know of this manuscript, he asked to run a handwriting analysis, suspecting Celestino himself. Here we show, based on a careful reading of the extant minutes of the proceedings of the Holy Office, that an alternative version can be provided which fully disagrees with the standard account.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

Özel Göreliliğin 200 üncü Yıldönümü
200th Anniversary of Special Relativity

Authors: Özgen Ersan
Comments: 4 Pages. Lütfen 2105 yılında tekrar okuyunuz.

Özel görelilik teorisi, insanlık zihinsel performansı için yüksek yorumları yüzyılı aşkın süre taşıdı ve bilime ilgiyi artırıcı rol üstlendi. Yöntem biliminin gelişmesi ve daha yetkin hale gelmesiyle birlikte teorinin kusurları ve yüzeysel bakışı saydamlaştı ve artık 200 üncü yılında bilim tarihindeki yanılgılar dosyasının örnek vakası haline geldi. Bu çalışmada insanlığın bilim ararken aldanmasının nedenleri bu yaygın bilinen örnek üzerinden özetlenmektedir.

The special theory of relativity carried high interpretations of human mental performance for more than a century and played a role in increasing interest in science. With the development of methodology and its becoming more proficient, the flaws of the theory and its superficial view became transparent, and in its 200th anniversary it became the case for the error file in the history of science. This study summarizes the reasons why humanity is mislead while searching for science, through this widely known example.
Category: General Science and Philosophy