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[14] viXra:2601.0145 [pdf] submitted on 2026-01-30 16:47:13
Authors: Krishna Agarwal
Comments: 12 Pages.
The emergence of quantum computing represents one of the most significant paradigm shifts in the history of computation, with profound implications for offensive security and cyber warfare. This comprehensive research paper presents a systematic analysis of quantum-enabled offensive capabilities, novel attack vectors targeting quantum systems themselves, and the evolving threat landscape at the intersection of quantum computing and artificial intelligence. We introduce the Q-THREAT Framework, a novel temporal risk assessment model that quantifies the "Harvest Now, Decrypt Later" threat across different data confidentiality lifetimes and sectoral exposures. This research synthesizes and categorizes recently documented attack vectors including quantum Rowhammer exploits, timing-based side-channel vulnerabilities in cloud quantum services, and multi-tenant quantum system intrusions. Recent research demonstrates that current quantum cloud platforms from major providers including IBM, Rigetti, and others exhibit significant security vulnerabilities that could be exploited by adversaries to compromise computational integrity, extract sensitive circuit information, and disrupt quantum computations. Furthermore, we analyze the convergence of quantum computing and artificial intelligence as a force multiplier for offensive cyber operations. We present evidence that quantum machine learning algorithms can demonstrate competitive or superior performance in certain cybersecurity applications compared to classical approaches in controlled experimental settings, with recent studies reporting high accuracies in tasks such as malware detection and intrusion detection on benchmark datasets. Our analysis of nation-state quantum programs reveals an accelerating global quantum arms race with significant implications for national security. Based on our findings, we propose a comprehensive defensive framework incorporating post-quantum cryptographic standards, crypto-agility principles, and quantum-safe architectural patterns. This research contributes to the nascent field of quantum cybersecurity by establishing foundational threat models, identifying critical research gaps, and providing actionable recommendations for organizations preparing for the quantum era.
Category: Quantum Physics
[13] viXra:2601.0144 [pdf] submitted on 2026-01-31 03:39:31
Authors: Boubacar Diawara
Comments: 62 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please cite listed scientific references and submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org) Copyright © 2026 by the author(s), all rights reserved.
This study investigates the deep analogies between quantum squeezing and entanglement phenomena and their classical counterparts realized in coupled LC oscillator circuits. By constructing comprehensive MATLAB and Python simulation frameworks, we model strongly coupled classical oscillators, compute covariance matrices, and quantify information transfer using correlation and variance-basedmetrics inspired by quantum information theory. Extensive parameter sweeps reveal that classical LC circuits can reproduce key mathematical structures associated with quantum squeezing, including variance reduction exceeding 15 dB and correlation coefficients above 0.99 in the strong-coupling regime. Beyond numerical modeling, experimental implementations of coupled LC circuits are performed and compared with simulations, showing excellent agreement with discrepancies below 5 Motivated by advances in microwave quantum engineering—where artificial atoms, superconducting circuits, and resonators enable ultra-strong light—matter coupling—this work explores whether classical circuits can provide insight beyondformal mathematical analogies. While classical LC systems do not reproduce intrinsic quantum randomness, superposition, or nonlocality, they successfully capture structural and dynamical features central to quantum squeezing and correlated states. By bridging quantum information theory and classical circuit analysis, this research offers a scalable, low-cost experimental testbed for education, prototyping, and conceptual exploration of quantum phenomena. The findings highlight the potential of classical oscillator networks as meaningful simulators for macroscopicmanifestations of quantum-inspired effects relevant to precision measurement, communication, and emerging cybersecurity technologies.
Category: Quantum Physics
[12] viXra:2601.0136 [pdf] submitted on 2026-01-29 00:10:12
Authors: Marcello Colozzo
Comments: 25 Pages.
This monograph provides a systematic treatment of Kramers degeneracy, investigating its deep-rooted origins within the framework of space-time symmetries in quantum mechanics. The investigation focuses on the nature of the time-reversal operator, exploring the mathematical peculiarities associated with antiunitary transformations and their fundamental distinction fromconventional unitary symmetries.
Category: Quantum Physics
[11] viXra:2601.0131 [pdf] submitted on 2026-01-27 20:50:31
Authors: Martin Kraus
Comments: 6 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)
De Broglie showed that a hypothetical internal clock of electrons could cause the quantization of energy levels of closed electronic orbits in the Bohr model of hydrogen-like atoms. Inspired by this insight, this work presents a model for the quantization of orbital angular momentum of electronic Bohr-Sommerfeld orbits with apsidal precession. The predictive power of the presented model is very limited since a parameter of the model is calculated based on a previously published quantization of the electron's orbital angular momentum.
Category: Quantum Physics
[10] viXra:2601.0120 [pdf] submitted on 2026-01-27 00:15:10
Authors: Dmitry Makaryev
Comments: 6 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)
The Standard Model of particle physics provides no mechanism to predict the hierarchical masses of charged leptons (e, μ, τ ), treating them as arbitrary free parameters. Here, we present a unified topological theory where leptongenerations emerge as discrete phase states of a single soliton in a superfluid vacuum. By imposing a Virial Equilibrium condition (θ = π/4) and a quantized Berry phase (δ = 2/9), we derive the complete mass spectrum analytically. Using only the electron mass as a physical input, our model predicts the Muon mass (105.659 MeV) and Tau mass (1776.985 MeV) with a precision of < 0.01%. Furthermore, the model predicts a fourth mass eigenstate at ∼ 29.9 GeV. Analysis of CMS collider data confirms the absence of a stable particle in this region, validating our hypothesis that the fourth generation is unbound and tunnels into the vacuum continuum.
Category: Quantum Physics
[9] viXra:2601.0108 [pdf] submitted on 2026-01-23 14:52:05
Authors: Arghya Ghosh
Comments: 3 Pages.
We present a quantum algorithm for estimating the expected loss of a credit portfolio driven by a latent risk factor. The method discretizes a continuous latent variable, encodes its probability distribution into quantum amplitudes, embeds the loss function via controlled rotations on an ancilla qubit, and applies Grover-style amplitude amplification. The resulting state admits a two-subspace decomposition enabling estimation of the expected loss using Quantum Amplitude Estimation (QAE) or a maximum-likelihood estimator (MLE) based on Grover power measurements. The approach achieves a quadratic speedup over classical Monte Carlo methods.
Category: Quantum Physics
[8] viXra:2601.0073 [pdf] submitted on 2026-01-19 20:51:04
Authors: Viktor Victorovich Oleksenko
Comments: 9 Pages. In Russian
This paper presents the final decoding of the physical essence of electric charge, current, and electromagnetic vacuum constants. Based on the "Nolekson Gas Model" and the physical number πvphys introduced by the author in 2010 [1], the redundancy of SI dimensions is proved. It is established that the foundations, including the term "Nolekson", the derivation of πvphys, and the mass calculation of the Nolekson particle, originated in the 2010 work [1]. A key step is the transition to the kinematic dimension of mass as area [L^2] [3]. It is proven that electrodynamics is a special case of quantum gas dynamics, where charge corresponds to volumetric flow [L^3/T] and current to volumetric acceleration or mechanical force [L^3/T^2].
Category: Quantum Physics
[7] viXra:2601.0072 [pdf] submitted on 2026-01-17 22:21:06
Authors: Cesar Roberto Arellanes Gonzalez
Comments: 9 Pages.
This paper examines the hypothesis that measurement events function as generative operations rather than passive observational processes in the formation of observable states. Preliminary theoretical analysis suggests measurement interactions may constitute the fundamental mechanism by which potential states transition to actualized configurations across quantum and relativistic regimes.Initial exploration indicates similar generative dynamics may operate in information processing systems, thermodynamic state transitions, chemical reaction pathways, neural signal propagation, developmental gene expression, evolutionary selection events, market transaction execution, material phase boundaries, computational proof verification, and distributed consensus protocols. The commonality appears to lie in the discrete, event-based character of state actualization rather than continuous revelation of pre-existing conditions. The present hypothesis is intended as a unifying statement regarding the ontological role of discrete interaction events in state realization, independent of domain-specific implementations.This work presents the foundational hypothesis without detailed mathematical formalism. The author proposes that action -understood operationally through measurement interaction -serves as a cross-domain generative principle. Specific mechanistic treatments and quantitative predictions will be addressed in subsequent publications.
Category: Quantum Physics
[6] viXra:2601.0070 [pdf] submitted on 2026-01-16 04:56:38
Authors: Chan Bock Lee
Comments: 11 Pages.
Ampere-Maxwell equation can predict the speed of light by assuming light as a traveling wave. However, it can not predict such characteristics as light generation, moving in a specific direction as a particle and dependence of wavelength upon its energy. Therefore, it needs to be noted that Ampere-Maxwell equation is very limited in predicting characteristics of light. While physics law should be applied to all the inertial frames, co-variance that mathematical form of the equation describing the physics law is same in all the inertial frames is not essential requirement to be physics law. Therefore, Lorentz transformation to result in both the co-variance of Ampere-Maxwell equation for light and the constant velocity of light in all the inertial frames is not the essential requirement. Considering light as a discrete particle with wave characteristics inside, analysis of double slit experiment indicates that travel direction of each photon after slit would be decided at the slit by interaction of incident photon with the slit including its materials and geometry to result in the interference pattern at the screen. There is no direct evidence of occurrence of superposition of photon in the slit and interference of the photon at the screen to result in the interference pattern. If there is no superposition of photon, quantum mechanics and entanglement of photon related with photon superposition need to be updated.
Category: Quantum Physics
[5] viXra:2601.0040 [pdf] submitted on 2026-01-10 22:21:25
Authors: Jaba Tkemaladze
Comments: 28 Pages.
Consciousness is fundamentally a process of selection, a continuous "collapse" from a manifold of potential states into a singular, coherent narrative. This article introduces the Ze formalism, a theoretical framework that models this process through a cognitive localization parameter, Γ_Ze. We posit that the critical distinction between wakefulness and sleep is not the presence of consciousness, but the suspension of this localization mechanism. During wakefulness ( Γ_Ze ≫ 1 ), the cognitive system enforces rapid, frequent collapse, yielding a stable, logical stream of thought. Sleep (Γ_Ze → 0), conversely, is a physiologically controlled state of suspended localization, where the brain acts as a "quantum eraser" for cognitive "which-path" information. This allows for the maintenance of coherent superpositions of memory and meaning, with dream phenomenology arising from the resulting interference patterns. The model provides a unifying lens for altered states: it frames psychedelics as conscious Γ_Zereduction, general anesthesia as its artificial nullification, and psychiatric conditions like schizophrenia as its pathological dysregulation. We argue that sleep’s primary function is the offline recalibration of cognitive probability amplitudes c_i, facilitating memory integration, emotional regulation, and creative insight. The Ze formalism thus redefines sleep from a passive state of rest to an active, essential operation for maintaining cognitive flexibility and the integrity of waking consciousness.
Category: Quantum Physics
[4] viXra:2601.0031 [pdf] submitted on 2026-01-07 04:13:43
Authors: Taiwei Song
Comments: 10 Pages. This paper is re uploaded. The previously published version has been withdrawn due to errors. Belonging to the author's original theory.
In this paper, the author redefines the concept of phase transition in a more general sense, provides an accurate characterization method, and derives the phase transition equation and phase transition temperature formula. On this basis, the essential properties of superconducting phase transition areanalyzed, and the general superconducting phase transition equation is derived. The author argues that the superconducting phase transition of high-temperature superconducting materials,including cuprates, iron-based, nickel-based superconductors, and high-pressure hydrogen-richsuperconductors, still follows the conductive electron pairing mechanism. The key to the highsuperconducting temperature lies in the stronger space-time correlation between conductiveelectrons in low-dimensional structures. Based on the geometry of space-time structures, theauthor defines a more general space-time correlation formula between particles, reveals the logical relationship that the correlation between conductive electrons decreases geometrically with increasing dimensions from the most general conditions, provides relevant formulas, and further analyzes the intrinsic mechanism of the high superconducting phase transition temperature，and proposes the process of developing new high temperature superconductor.
Category: Quantum Physics
[3] viXra:2601.0029 [pdf] submitted on 2026-01-07 11:54:30
Authors: Marek Suder
Comments: 8 Pages.
This paper presents a geometric and wave interpretation of energy quantization in the hydrogen atom, based on the de Broglie closure condition of the electron wave in a circular orbit. In this concept, energy quantization is a secondary phenomenon resulting from the fact that the electron wave in each orbit consists of exactly n full periods, and the transition to level n+1 corresponds to the addition of one full period.Combining the wave condition with the classical equilibrium of the Coulomb and centripetal forces leads to values of the orbital radii and a discrete energy spectrum consistent with solutions of the Schrödinger equation for the hydrogen atom. It is shown that energy quantization can be interpreted as a consequence of the resonant nature of the electron's wave nature and the conditionof phase uniqueness after a complete orbit around the nucleus.1The model under consideration is semiclassical in nature and serves as an intuitive representation of known results from quantum mechanics. It is assumed that the allowable states correspond to configurations in which the de Broglie wave forms a standing wave containing an integer number of full periods around the orbital circumference. This condition leads directly to the quantization of angular momentum according to the Bohr model.The waveband model provides a one-dimensional analogy of the full quantum description and can serve as a teaching tool to facilitate understanding the geometric aspects of energy quantization in the hydrogen atom. It demonstrates that energy quantization is a natural consequence of the standing wave geometry and the addition of successive full periods along the orbit as the system transitions to the next energy eigenstate after activation.The electron is a stable eigenstate of a quantum field whose behavior in bound systems can be geometrically interpreted as the self-resonance of a de Broglie wave satisfying the condition of single-valent phase, rather than as a local particle with a classical trajectory. Self-resonance of a wavemeans that the condition of single-valent phase of the wave function after a complete orbit around the nucleus is satisfied, i.e., the requirement that the phase change be an integer multiple of 2π; this is equivalent to the Bohr—de Broglie condition for the closure of the de Broglie wave.
Category: Quantum Physics
[2] viXra:2601.0028 [pdf] submitted on 2026-01-06 09:55:32
Authors: Haihong Xie
Comments: 32 Pages.
This study proposes a new ontological perspective for quantum mechanics: phenomena such as quantum wave-like behavior, randomness, and electron clouds may not be intrinsic properties of particles but originate from the structure of space itself. This perspective is founded on a re-examination of the formation mechanisms of electron orbitals and clouds. We particularly elucidate the origin of the "point-like randomness" exhibited by quantum entities, revealing that it is not an inherent property but stems from the dualistic structure of space and the inherent limitations of current observational technology.This dualistic structure of space manifests as "Open Dimensions" and "Closed Dimensions." Present technology can only detect phenomena on the "Open Dimensions." When a quantum entity possesses low kinetic energy, it primarily moves within the "Closed Dimensions," becoming instantaneously detectable only when passing through an intersection point between the two dimensions; the statistical distribution of a vast number of such instantaneous events manifests as the electron cloud.Based on this dualistic structure, the paper further deduces the fundamental unit of space—the "spatial cell"—and thereby constructs the "Spatial Cell Theory." The theory posits that space is woven from discrete "spatial cells." Each cell contains two functionally distinct dimensions: the "Open Dimensions" serve as connecting channels, linking cells to transmit matter, energy, light, and more; the "Closed Dimensions" do not participate in intercellular connections and serve as the primary arena for the motion of quantum entities with low kinetic energy. Within this framework, a wide range of physical phenomena—including the superluminal correlations of quantum entanglement, dark energy, dark matter, double-slit interference, quasars, and the microscopic dynamics of gravity—can be explained within a unified mechanistic framework.
Category: Quantum Physics
[1] viXra:2601.0022 [pdf] submitted on 2026-01-05 20:41:57
Authors: Christ Abnoosian
Comments: 13 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)
Climate change exacerbates financial uncertainties in emerging markets, where economies are particularly vulnerable to environmental disruptions like droughts, floods, and extreme weather events. Traditional models for pricing climate-linked derivatives, such as catastrophe (CAT) bonds and weather-indexed insurance, often fail to capture the non-linear, high-dimensional nature of climate risks. This paper proposes a quantum-enhanced machine learning (QEML) framework integrating Quantum Amplitude Estimation (QAE), Variational Quantum Eigensolvers (VQE), and Quantum Support Vector Machines (QSVM) with classical techniques like Gaussian Process Regression and deep neural networks. Evaluations on datasets from Brazil, India, and South Africa show up to 35% improved pricing accuracy and 60% faster computation versus classical methods. This approach advances sustainable finance in climate-vulnerable regions.
Category: Quantum Physics
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