| viXra.org > Quantum Physics > 2008 |
 |
 |
| viXra.org > Quantum Physics > 2008 |
|
|
[12] viXra:2008.0201 [pdf] submitted on 2020-08-27 20:53:15
Authors: Bernard Riley
Comments: 22 Pages. including 28 figures
The numbers of steps in arbitrary journeys on foot, the times elapsed (in numbers of Planck times) in arbitrary journeys on foot, the times elapsed between random events, race times and random pure numbers all take, on measurement or observation, values equal to discrete integer and fractional powers of pi and e. By way of the Quantum/Classical connection, an equation relating small (quantum) quantities and large (classical) quantities, the various measured and observed numbers map onto much smaller numbers that are also equal to discrete integer and fractional powers of pi and e.
Category: Quantum Physics
[11] viXra:2008.0193 [pdf] submitted on 2020-08-26 11:01:00
Authors: Kunal Das, Sahil Zaman, Arindam Sadhu, Asmita Banerjee, Faisal Shah Khan
Comments: Pages.
Quantum annealing (QA) is a metaheuristic methodologythat has recently been used to analyze the performance of first generation adiabatic quantum processors, like the oneavailable from D-wave Systems, in solving combinatorial optimization problems. In this paper, we formulate QA representation of problems essential to mitigating the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, namely, the Nurse Scheduling Problem (NSP), the Physician Scheduling Problem (PSP), and the Nurse-Physician Scheduling Problem (NPSP). The proposed objective functions for each problem are scripted to the Ising model and then transformed into thequadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO)format. An optimal solutionis soughtfor a set of constraints, including thenumber ofnurses or physicians per shift andthe maximum number of shifts for each nurse or physician.After reducingtheproposed NSP, PSP, and NPSP QUBOs to a novel Ising type Hamiltonian, we obtain solutions from a classical (simulated) annealer,and then from the D-wave 2000Q forward and reverse annealer. Results from the reverse quantum annealer show a dramatic improvement in solution quality as compared to those from the classical annealer. We observe that the reverse annealing method gives us the most satisfactory output from among three heuristic processes used, for each scheduling problem.
Category: Quantum Physics
[10] viXra:2008.0184 [pdf] submitted on 2020-08-24 04:40:31
Authors: Espen Gaarder Haug
Comments: 2 Pages.
In this short note we will show the Haug-1 quantum wave equation in relation to where we incorporate spin following the Pauli route. This lead to a similar equation to the Schrodinger-Pauli equation, but our equation is relativistic while the Schrodinger-Pauli equation is non-relativistic, our equation is also simpler in terms of for example the time and space are on the same order (first derivatives), while in the Schrodinger-Pauli equation time is on first order and spatial-spin dimensions on second order. Comments are welcome.
Category: Quantum Physics
[9] viXra:2008.0161 [pdf] submitted on 2020-08-21 20:23:26
Authors: Jonathan Deutsch
Comments: 5 Pages.
In the double slit experiment - - central to quantum mechanics and thus to all of reality - - when you LOOK at the particle, it always passes through ONLY ONE slit - - EITHER the right slit OR the left slit, acting like a particle. However, when you AREN’T looking at it, it somehow always passes through BOTH slits - - the right slit AND the left slit - - at the same time, acting like a wave. All of nature is now KNOWN to be both wave and particle simultaneously - - actually, one entity (“wavicle”), not two - - at the most fundamental level of reality.
However, no one seems to have ever asked the question: How can anything, much less everything, be in TW0 places at the same time AND ALSO SIMULTANEOUSLY be in ONLY ONE place at the same time? The known laws of physics make this absolutely impossible. Therefore, at least one of our laws must be wrong. In some fundamental mathematical and physical sense, 2 MUST ALSO BE (- - EQUAL- -) 1: 2 AS 1. The right and left slits, seemingly opposite, must at the deepest level of reality be “married” to each other - - one slit, not two.
Extending this argument to Schrodinger’s cat, life and death, seemingly opposite, must at the deepest level of reality be “married” to each other, 2 AS 1. Just as all apparent opposites, it must be true that ultimately, life and death must be one thing, not two. This, then, is an all-optimistic physics - - probably the first such theory ever. But it is based entirely on firm scientific fact.
Category: Quantum Physics
[8] viXra:2008.0137 [pdf] submitted on 2020-08-19 05:44:05
Authors: Gordon Stewart Watson
Comments: Pages.
Against Bell (1964c), and via classical analysis (including the principle of relativity): we make quantum correlations intelligible by completing the quantum mechanical account in a classical way. We find that Bell neglects a logical correlation that refutes his theorem, while a commutation relation and some easy algebra refute his inequality. So: for Einstein -- and against Bell's naive local realism; with certainty -- relativistic causality prevails. In this way we arrive at wholistic mechanics (WM): ie, classical mechanics extended from light-speed c to Planck's constant h. Importantly, for STEM students and teachers, and against popular opinion-pieces about quantum nonlocality, our results require no knowledge of quantum theory: for the quantum is here, to be found. Let's see.
Category: Quantum Physics
[7] viXra:2008.0126 [pdf] submitted on 2020-08-17 21:05:53
Authors: Bezverkhniy Volodymyr Dmytrovych, Bezverkhniy Vitaliy Volodymyrovich
Comments: 15 Pages.
It is shown that in black holes, baryonic matter is converted into quark-gluon plasma. A black hole consists of a small core (“drop” from QGP) and a large gravitational radius. In small black holes, the radius of the core of the quark-gluon plasma will be equal to the gravitational radius. In large black holes, the radius of the QGP core will be much less than the gravitational radius. Therefore, Hawking radiation should be sought near small black holes. The minimum mass of a black hole, and its minimum radius, will vary over a wide range of values depending on the state of the QGP inside the black hole. It is also obvious that such a binary structure of black holes explains the existence of supermassive black holes, since it forbids the decrease in the mass of most black holes.
Category: Quantum Physics
[6] viXra:2008.0112 [pdf] replaced on 2020-08-17 17:46:53
Authors: Espen Gaarder Haug
Comments: 4 Pages.
In this paper, we look further into one of the relativistic wave equations we have introduced recently. Our relativistic wave equation is a PDE that is rooted in the relativistic energy Compton momentum relation, rather than the standard energy momentum relation. They are two sides of the same coin, but the standard momentum is just a derivative of the Compton momentum, so this simplifies things considerably. Here the main focus is to rewrite our relativistic PDE wave equation in spherical polar coordinates, then by some separation of variables we end up with three ordinary differential equations (ODEs) for which we present possible solutions, and we also provide a table where we compare our ODEs with the ODEs one gets from the Schro ̈dinger equation [1]. This approach is used to describe hydrogen-like atoms. We encourage other researchers to check our calculations and the predictions from our solutions and see how they fit compared to observations from hydrogen-like atoms.
Category: Quantum Physics
[5] viXra:2008.0071 [pdf] submitted on 2020-08-11 18:42:51
Authors: Eric Stanley Reiter
Comments: 10 Pages. Submitted for the collective book "Neutrosophic Physics – Theories and Applications"
We present a beam-split coincidence test of the photon model, previously done with visible light, now for the first
time with gamma-rays. A similar new test is presented using alpha-rays. In both tests, coincidence rates greatly exceed
chance, revealing the flaw of quantum mechanics. A newly formulated threshold model predicted these new tests and
was used to derive equations for effects thought to require quantization. Quantization denies sub-quantum states that are
allowed by the threshold model. The threshold model embraces Planck's second theory of 1911, where he used h as a
maximum threshold. We extended Planck's theory by similarly treating e and m so that all three constants of the electron
(h, e, m, for action, charge, mass respectively) are realized as maximum threshold-constants. We recognize ensemble
effects, absent in spreading waves, for how we uncovered those constants. We then use ratios of those constants, like e/m
= Qe/m , for the spreading wave. By quantizing the Q's and thresholding h, e, and m, a matter-wave can spread and load to
a threshold upon absorption. Therefore, wave-function collapse is avoided. We also identify several false assumptions
that made any form of classical model seem impossible. The difficulty of realizing an experimental distinction between
thresholds and quanta is why quantum mechanics maintained such a strong illusion. ER 7, 21, 2020.
Category: Quantum Physics
[4] viXra:2008.0052 [pdf] submitted on 2020-08-08 04:29:42
Authors: Dirk J. Pons
Comments: 18 Pages.
PROBLEM: Photon path dilemmas in interferometers manifest as an apparent ability of the photon to simultaneously take all paths through the device, but eventually only appear at one output. OBJECTIVE: This paper applies a non-local hidden-variable (NLHV) solution, in the form of the Cordus theory, to explain photon path dilemmas in the Mach-Zehnder (MZ) interferometer. FINDINGS: The partial mirrors function as tunnelling devices, that allow the photon structures to be directed to different loci hence legs of the apparatus, depending on the energisation state of the photon. Explanations are provided for a single photon in the interferometer in the default, open-path, and sample modes. The apparent intelligence in the system is not because the photon knows which path to take, but rather because the MZ interferometer is an unexpectedly finely-tuned photon-sorting device that auto-corrects for randomness in the frequency phase to direct the photon to a specific detector. The principles also explain other tunnelling phenomena involving barriers. ORIGINALITY: The originality is explaining path dilemmas in the MZ interferometer in terms of physical realism, and from a NLHV perspective. IMPLICATIONS: The physics of optics at the next lower fundamental level are theorised to be based on the photon having internal structures. This has the potential to provide new understanding of photon behaviour in theoretically challenging situations.
Category: Quantum Physics
[3] viXra:2008.0032 [pdf] submitted on 2020-08-06 07:48:03
Authors: Espen Gaarder Haug
Comments: 4 Pages.
In this note, we present a table with a summary of recent developments in quantum mechanics. If you not have studied our papers carefully already [1–4], then this paper will not make much sense and the equations could easily be misunderstood, so we strongly encourage the reader to become familiar with this material first. We will possibly write a long paper on this topic later, but it may be helpful to present the essence of both old and new QM, as we understand it today. This is useful for both tracing the history of ideas related to QM in mathematical form and for creating an opportunity to compare equations and analyze their similarities and differences.
Category: Quantum Physics
[2] viXra:2008.0011 [pdf] submitted on 2020-08-03 11:01:28
Authors: M. W. Roberts
Comments: 14 Pages.
A gedanken experiment is described in which an element of reality (in the EPR sense) is created by nonlocal means.
Category: Quantum Physics
[1] viXra:2008.0010 [pdf] replaced on 2020-11-18 17:44:35
Authors: Espen Gaarder Haug
Comments: 18 Pages.
In this paper, we discuss in brief the most common wave equations in quantum mechanics and some recent development in wave mechanics. We also present two new quantum wave mechanics equations based on the Compton momentum. We also question the idea that energy and mass are scalars, and we claim they are vectors instead. We have good reasons to think that the standard momentum is a mathematical derivative of the more fundamental Compton momentum. This will hopefully simplify interpretations of quantum mechanics significantly; our new relativistic wave equations look promising, but need further investigation into what they predict. This way of looking at quantum mechanics in new light is not in conflict with existing equations, but they are supplemental to the collection of existing wave equations. We prove mathematically that if one satisfies our new relativistic energy Compton momentum relation, one also satisfies the standard relativistic energy momentum relation automatically. They are two sides of the same coin, where the relations to the Compton wavelength likely represent the deeper reality, so we have reasons to think our new wave mechanics addresses a deeper level of understanding than the existing conception. We also look at our new wave equation in relation to hydrogen-like atoms; we follow the “standard approach” used for the Schro ̈dinger equation of putting it in polar coordinate form and, by change of variables, finding three ODEs and their solutions. We give a table summary of our new ODEs and their solutions compared to the well-known solutions of the Schro ̈dinger equation.
Category: Quantum Physics
| Third-Party Links: |
|