Quantum Gravity and String Theory

1510 Submissions

[26] viXra:1510.0508 [pdf] replaced on 2016-01-27 04:44:10

Mental Computers and the Origin of DNA

Authors: Sylwester Kornowski
Comments: 6 Pages.

Here, applying the Scale-Symmetric Theory (SST), we showed how are unified the particle physics and mental world within the Einstein spacetime which is composed of the luminal neutrino-antineutrino pairs and neutrinos. The neutrino-antineutrino pairs in the Einstein spacetime can interact gravitationally only (it concerns the ground state of the Einstein spacetime and the dark energy) or can be entangled (they are the dark-matter structures; the mental solitons are the dark-matter structures as well). The dark matter structures can be entangled with ordinary matter. Due to the internal structure of neutrinos, the neutrino-antineutrino pairs cannot annihilate. Such model shows the difference between the simulating computers and mental computers. Mental computers need senses and must produce mental solitons via their nervous system, not via algorithms which are used in the simulating computers but, of course, we can use algorithms additionally (the hybrid computers). Creativeness is even not probabilistic so it cannot be simulated via algorithms i.e. cannot be controlled. Here as well we showed that linear structures composed of entangled neutrinos are the precursors of DNAs.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[25] viXra:1510.0495 [pdf] submitted on 2015-10-28 18:09:26

Gedankenexperiment for Fluctuation of Mass of a Graviton, Based on the Trace of a GR Stress Energy Tensor-Preplanckian Conditions Lead to Gaining of Graviton Mass, and Planckian Conditions Lead to Graviton Mass Shrinking to 10^-62 Grams

Authors: Andrew Beckwith
Comments: 6 Pages. Needs a home to be based in

We will be looking at the energy of a graviton, based upon the Stress energy tensor, and from there ascertaining how fluctuations in early universe conditions impact the mass of a graviton. Physically the mass of the graviton would be shrinking right after Planck time and presumably it would be going to its equilibrium value of about 10^-62 grams, for its present day value. It, graviton mass, would increase up to the Plank time of about 10^-44 seconds.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[24] viXra:1510.0437 [pdf] submitted on 2015-10-27 21:15:56

An Exceptionally Simple “Theory of Everything” using Chaotic Quantum Information

Authors: Sai Venkatesh Balasubramanian
Comments: 18 Pages.

The search for an all comprehensive Theory of Everything unifying the four fundamental forces described by Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity has always been an elusive one. Among the plethora of theories including Superstring Theory and Loop Quantum Gravity proposed in recent years, the present article focuses on the E8 Theory of Everything. After a brief overview on the underlying principles of this theory, the principles of “Metahomeomorphism” and Quantum Computation are explored to represent the 8D Charge space of the E8 Theory using a 3 Qubit system. A Chaos Theory based interpretation of Quantum Mechanics is then proposed, to represent the 3 qubits as three chaotic signals. The result is an extension of the E8 theory, termed the Chaotic Quantum Information based E8 Theory of Everything (CQIE8ToE). The physical interpretation of this theory is explored along with particle creation and particle interaction formulations. While the validation of the E8 Theory await experimental evidence, the principles of metahomeomorphism, quantum computation and subsequently the CQIE8ToE ensure that any representation of a unified theory in a Lie Group based on a charge space yields to the elegant merging of Relativity, Quantum Physics, Particle Physics and Chaos Theory, into a simple yet effective World-View.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[23] viXra:1510.0407 [pdf] submitted on 2015-10-27 01:18:11

Gedankenexperiment for Energy, and Scale Factor , Based Upon the Assumption of Quintessence and Idea of Quantum Bounce in Order to Isolate Admissible Frequency for Gravitational Waves in the Beginning of Cosmological Evolution

Authors: Andrew Beckwith
Comments: 3 Pages. Thought experiment

We initially look at a non singular universe representation of time, and .of comparing a general formula of a cosmological Potential energy as given by Padmanbhan, with Weinberg’s Quintessence Potential energy . Isolating a given time component which may serve as an introduction, to a discussion which isolates a value of about 10^32 Hz for Pre Planckian value generated GW, which would drop about 22 orders of magnitude in the present era.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[22] viXra:1510.0397 [pdf] submitted on 2015-10-26 10:29:07

On the Absorber and the Nature of Energy

Authors: Jacques Consiglio
Comments: 55 Pages.

Here we show that free parameters are inexistent in physics; their values are geometrical. This result originates in a resonance concept in absorber theory. The conceptual leap is that we do consider energy in all forms as a composite resonance process involving only currents. We first address the mass and coupling parameters of the standard model of particles physics, deduce their origin, their form, and the valid resonances from group theory arguments and geometry; then we show the coherence of the mass spectrum with the predictions and we compute the fine structure constant from geometry and SU(2). We also address the CKM and PMNS matrices, and show that they come from the same resonances. Next we show how gravitation comes from the absorber and we end-up with a complete reversal in concepts; we find that the origin of energy and gravitation is linear cosmos expansion. The link with quantum physics is rather trivial and it first shows that the wave is momentum. The resulting gravitational force gives an acceleration H c at galaxies borders but not in the solar system; it is compatible with the absence of dark matter.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[21] viXra:1510.0390 [pdf] replaced on 2015-10-31 19:22:57

On Maximal Acceleration, Born's Reciprocal Relativity and Strings in Tangent Bundle Backgrounds

Authors: Carlos Castro
Comments: 17 Pages. Submitted to the IJMPA

Accelerated strings in tangent bundle backgrounds are studied in further detail than it has been done in the past. The worldsheet associated with the accelerated open string described in this work envisages a continuum family of worldlines of accelerated points. It is when one embeds the two-dim string worldsheet into the tangent bundle $ TM$ background (associated with a uniformly accelerated observer in spacetime) that the effects of the maximal acceleration are manifested. The induced worldsheet metric as a result of this embedding has a $null$ horizon. It is the presence of this null horizon that limits the acceleration values of the points inside string. If the string crosses the null horizon some of its points will exceed the maximal acceleration value and that portion of the string will become causally disconnected from the rest of string outside the horizon. It is explained why our results differ from those in the literature pertaining the maximal acceleration modifications of the Rindler metric. We also find a modified Rindler metric which has a true curvature singularity at the location of the null horizon due to a finite maximal acceleration. One of the salient features of studying the geometry of the tangent bundle is that the underlying spacetime geometry becomes $observer ~dependent$ as Gibbons and Hawking envisioned long ago. We conclude with some remarks about generalized QFT in accelerated frames and the black hole information paradox.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[20] viXra:1510.0383 [pdf] submitted on 2015-10-24 22:36:18

Gedankenexperiment for Looking at the Role of Acceleration at the Beginning of Expansion of the Universe and Its Influence on the Hup

Authors: Andrew Beckwith
Comments: 6 Pages. Will find an appropriate journal for it in the next several weeks

We will from first principles examine what adding acceleration does, and will not do as to the HUP previously derived. In doing so we will be examining a Friedmann equation for the evolution of the scale factor, using explicitly two cases, one case being when the acceleration of expansion of the scale factor is kept in, another when it is out, and the intermediate cases of when the acceleration factor, and the scale factor is important but not dominant. In doing so we will be tying it in our discussion with the earlier work done on the HUP. The ratio of 2nd derivative of a (time derivative), divided by a (a is a scale factor) set equal to zero would mean that the ratio of the 1st derivative of a (time derivative) divided by a could have complex solution roots, whereas the ration of the 2nd derivative of a (time derivative) divided by a with a, the scale factor as a ration not equal to zero, but constant, and large would frequently imply the first time derivative of a divided by a would have three dissimilar real valued roots. From the sake of physical analysis, the situation with not equal to zero yields more tractable result for which will have implications for the HUP inequality
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[19] viXra:1510.0382 [pdf] replaced on 2015-10-25 22:15:32

Neutrino Oscillations: a Natural Effect of Band Theory

Authors: Wayne R. Lundberg
Comments: 7 Pages. 5 figures, Presentation at the DPF 2015 Meeting of the American Physical Society Division of Particles and Fields, Ann Arbor, Michigan, August 4-8, 2015.

The No-Boundary Wave Function (NBWF) instanton formulation provides a particle theory basis due to its consistency with causality and cosmology. Terms of the NBWF instanton action are identified with intrinsic metrics of finite-dimensional particle theory. This approach yields a new type of finitary particle theory, in which the string (or finite graviton) is replaced with band representation geometry. A band is simply the well-known string with an intrinsic stiffness. Representation geometric metrics of area and curvature are thus intrinsic descriptors of particle mass and energy. The ground states of a band are inherently tripartite (having three portions), which motivates assignment of QCD color local gauge fields to portions of the band. For completeness, band-theoretic representation requires a quantum state algebra. A quantum state algebra that is one-to-one with standard model particle theory was sought -and found. The band theory quantum state algebra is a subgroup of index 12 of a cross product of two wreath products. A subgroup of this unique non-commutative algebra has proven to be 1-1 with standard model QCD particles, via its fundamental tie to preons. Further, band theory produces exactly three particle generations (or families or flavors). Three flavors of neutrinos are thus predicted by a well-founded particle formulation, which is qualitatively consistent with observations of massive oscillating neutrinos. Band theory is the particulate portion of a comprehensive theory, which includes cyclic cosmology. Cyclic cosmology has been demonstrated to have no cosmological coincidence problem.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[18] viXra:1510.0363 [pdf] submitted on 2015-10-23 07:40:34

Nled Gedankenexperiment for Initial Temperature, Particle Count, and Entropy Affected by Initial Degrees of Freedom in Early Universe Cosmology , with Two Cases, One Where Delta T Times Delta e = Hba and Another When it Doesn’t (Increases Initial Entropy)

Authors: Andrew Beckwith
Comments: 8 Pages.

. We initially look at a non singular universe representation of entropy, with statistical inference based on Ha’s presentation in the ICGC2011 meeting. We conclude with work akin to what Mukhanov worked with in early Universe cosmology in terms of in terms of leading to an initial time step of the order of Planck time, as opposed to the GR equation which postulates time set at t = 0 initially. We then compare this to when delta g(tt) times delta T(time component of energy stress tensor) = h bar / volume
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[17] viXra:1510.0359 [pdf] submitted on 2015-10-23 05:22:51

Interactions of Dimensions on the Space-Time Continuum and Quantum Gravity

Authors: Nikola Perkovic
Comments: 11 Pages.

Simple geometric algebra, logarithmic functions and equations will be used in the paper to present new quantum gravity aspects such as: curving and expansion of the space-time continuum and subsequently the acceleration of the expansion, dark matter, dark energy and that particles known as “gravitons” are a quantum of dark matter as well as relations of dimensions of space and the dimension of time regarding space-time curving and its expansion.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[16] viXra:1510.0350 [pdf] replaced on 2015-10-31 06:26:01

Non Linear Electrodynamics Gedankenexperiment for Modified Zero Point Energy and Planck’s ‘constant’, H Bar , in the Beginning of Cosmological Expansion, so .Also How to Link Gravity, Quantum Mechanics, and e and M Through Initial Entropy Production in

Authors: Andrew Beckwith
Comments: 17 Pages. Re done paper after some stupidity which no one could believe possible from the conference organizers of the Entropy conference

We initially look at a nonsingular universe representation of Entropy, based in part on what was brought up by Muller and Lousto. This is a gateway to bringing up information and computational steps (as defined by Seth Lloyd) as to what would be available initially due to a modified Zero Point Energy formalism. The Zero Point Energy formalism is modified as due to Matt Vissers’s setting of an angular plane number in early universe cosmology as k(maximum) ~ 1/(Planck length), with a specific initial density giving rise to initial information content which may permit fixing the initial Planck’s constant, h, which is pivotal to the setting of physical law . This would be in the spirit of Christi Stoica’s removal of initial conditions of non-pathological initial starting points in Cosmology. What we want are necessary and sufficient conditions so . We also in addition make a brief survey into 5th force arguments in gravity which also have a strict entropy interpretation. I.e. how to link gravity, quantum mechanics, and E and M through Entropy production.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[15] viXra:1510.0338 [pdf] submitted on 2015-10-20 14:37:38

Models for Quantum Gravity, Dark Matter and Dark Energy Using the Hexark and Preon Model #7

Authors: Austin J. Fearnley
Comments: 19 pages

Quantum gravity, dark matter and dark energy have here been modelled using Hexark and Preon Model #7. Catalyst bosons stimulate a force exchange between fermions and/or between bosons. The photon, Z and gluon form a family of three generations. There are separate families of generations of higgs, W, dark boson and also the graviton. The third generation gluon, higgs, dark and graviton are all coloured in a similar way. Gravitons are in three generations. Gravitational QCD acts as an extremely weak third generation version of QCD while Gravitational QED acts as a weak first generation copy of QED. There is also a gravitational weak force which very weakly mimics the second generation Z force. Dark matter is a third generation dark boson as also is the higgs boson. Gravity is not wholly attractive but the coloured graviton (third generation) is a mainly attractive and dominant Gravitational QCD force on an intergalactic scale, as the strong force is a dominant attractive force within an atomic nucleus. The relative weakness of the gravitational force enables an attractive dominance to extend over a huge domain, but not an unlimited extent. The first generation gravitons enable a repulsive force to dominate outside the sphere of the attractive third generation graviton, just as the first generation photon enables different nuclei to repel one other electromagnetically. This first generation gravitational QED force gives rise, at a very large distance away, to dark energy.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[14] viXra:1510.0335 [pdf] submitted on 2015-10-20 04:29:30

Gedankenexperiment for Using Boltzmann Equation for Relic Graviton Density , in Pre-Planckian Physics Conditions if there Exists a Regime of Comparatively Low Temperatures (Cold Cosmologies)

Authors: Andrew Beckwith
Comments: 6 Pages. It has to find a home. So be it.

We look at what may occur if Boltzmann equations, as presented by Muramaya in 2007, Les Houches, are applied to graviton density in a pre Planckian universe setting. Two restrictions are in order. First of all, we are assuming a graviton mass on the order of 10^-62 grams, as if the pre Planckian regime does not change the nature of Graviton mass, in its low end.. Secondly, we are also assuming that a comparatively low temperature regime (far below the Planckian temperature) exist . Secondly we are leaving unsaid what may happen if Gravitational waves enter the Planck regime of ultra high temperature. With those two considerations, we proceed to examine a Graviton density value resulting from perturbation from low to higher temperatures. Either cyclic conformal cosmology as ventured by Penrose may be the genesis of a low temperature regime, or a multiverse.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[13] viXra:1510.0319 [pdf] submitted on 2015-10-18 13:25:35

A Note on the Mass Origin in the Relativistic Theories of Gravity

Authors: Valeriy V. Dvoeglazov
Comments: 3 Pages.

We investigate the most general Lagrangian in the Minkowski space for the symmetric tensor field of the second rank. Then, we apply the Higgs mechanism to provide the mass to the appropriate components.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[12] viXra:1510.0155 [pdf] submitted on 2015-10-17 10:50:54

Theoretical Deduction of Universal Gravitational Constant

Authors: Jose P Koshy
Comments: 5 pages. The twelfth paper based on reality

It is proposed that the so-called universal gravitational constant is actually the 'G of Earth' for its present speed. 'G of Earth' can be theoretically deduced from the electrostatic constant, based on the proposed structures of electron, proton and neutron. The deduced value is close to the measured value of G indicating that G depends on the nature of the body and its speed.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[11] viXra:1510.0143 [pdf] submitted on 2015-10-16 17:15:06

‘Functional Time Step’ Involving Relic Gravitons, GW, and Nled and Fifth Force Arguments. Showing How Counting Gravitons, as Entropy is Crucial to Structure Formation in the Universe

Authors: Andrew Beckwith
Comments: 15 Pages. Conference Proceedings Paper – Entropy www.sciforum.net/conference/ecea-2 ; Second international Electronic conference on Entropy; Admissible for the Journal Entropy if chosen by the Judges/

: We will reference entropy as a count of initial gravitons as part of a formulation leading to structure formation in the universe. To do this we use a linkage between gravitation and electrodynamics the author shared with Unnishkan at Rencontres De Moriond (2015). Then we find that a time step minimization procedure given by Peebles (1993) fine tunes an NLED contribution to time step as formulated by Camara et.al. (2004), which the author then links to gravity due to adopting the fifth force formalism of Fishbach et.al, in a (1988) Rencontres De Moriond 5th force – Neutrino physics school. A talk by Fishbach in (2015) Rencontres De Moriond supports using Unnishkan’s linkage of classical gravity with magnetism in a way which the author extends to the problem of not only gravity, but gravitons .Then take a linkage between the number of gravitons, a minimum grid size, and the time evolution of Hubble’s parameter, to ascertain a minimum number of initial gravitons produced, which in turns of Ng’s infinite quantum statistics is a measure of entropy. .As to structure formation, we find that the stronger an early universe magnetic field is, the greater the likelihood of production of about 20 new domains of size 1/ H, with H early universe Hubble’s constant, per Planck time interval in evolution. The H so obtained is directly from gravitons, and entropy.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[10] viXra:1510.0125 [pdf] submitted on 2015-10-15 03:47:07

Geddankenexperiment Examining How Kinetic Energy Would Dominate Potential Energy, in Pre Planckian Space-Time Physics

Authors: Andrew Beckwith
Comments: 5 Pages. Follow up to calculation of curvature paper, with emphasis upon Kinetic energy being totally dominant in the Pre Inflationary era

Abstract. We use Padmabhan’s “Invitation to Astrophysics” formalism of a scalar field evolution of the early universe, from first principles, to show something which seems counter intuitive. How could , just before inflation, KINETIC energy be larger than potential energy in pre Planckian physics, and what physics mechanism is responsible for the Planckian physics result that Potential energy is far larger than KINETIC energy. This document answers that question, as well as provides a mechanism for the dominance of KINETIC energy in Pre Planckian space-time, as well as its reversal in the Planckian era of cosmology. the KE initially proportional to g times T ^ 4 power , with g the initial degrees of freedom and T the initial temperature just before the onset of inflation. Our key assumption is the smallness of curvature, as given in the first equation, which permits adoption of the Potential energy and Kinetic energy formalism used, in the Planckian and Pre Planckian space-time physics.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[9] viXra:1510.0108 [pdf] replaced on 2015-10-17 08:20:21

Gedankenexperiment for Degree of Flatness, or Lack Of, in Early Universe Conditions

Authors: Andrew Beckwith
Comments: 12 Pages. Christian Corda likes this version far better, i.e. my earlier one, so this is the one you guys get. Enjoy

This document will from first principles delineate the degree of flatness, or deviations from, in early universe models. We will, afterwards, make comparison with recent results we have looked at concerning metric tensor fluctuations and comment upon the role of what early universe gravitational energy may play a role in the presumed deviation from flat space results. Note that N ~ S ~ 10^37 will be tied into the presumed results for initial state density, in ways we will comment upon. Leading to this document as to GW, we are talking about taking steps to avoid the same mistake as Bicep2 which measured Dust, from Galaxies, i.e. steps to find a frequency of presumed GW different from Inter Galactic dust
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[8] viXra:1510.0107 [pdf] replaced on 2015-10-28 11:30:13

The Decay of a Black Hole in a GUT Model

Authors: Risto Raitio
Comments: 6 Pages. Published version, Open Access Library Journal, 2: e2031. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1102031

I propose a phenomenological model for the decay of black holes near Planck mass. The decay takes place via a quantum state between general relativity and a grand unified field theory like SO(10). This group is favored also by a no-scale SUGRA GUT model for Starobinsky inflation by other authors
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[7] viXra:1510.0103 [pdf] replaced on 2016-01-05 00:27:50

Flux Particle Theory & Why the Speed of Light is "C"

Authors: Seamus McCelt
Comments: 30 Pages.

Flux particle theory is a complete theory of everything... including Gravity, The four forces and a completely new way to understand the way dimensionality actually works.
It is based solely on irrefutable logic. And although it is easily understandable by anyone, it requires an open mind and a completely new way of thinking.
It uses strings but not the string theory type and everything is easily explained:

WHY THE SPEED OF LIGHT IS "C"

There is a high tension string particle field in space (not the string theory type). Everything is connected by the particle field and it moves along with largest mass in proximity (something like what gravitational fields would be doing). A good 2-D model would be something like a spiders web (individual string lengths are approximately one Ångström). Now imagine an infinite 3-D spiders web.
If a vibration was set off in it, it would travel forever and the speed the vibrations travel (through the net) is the speed of light (that's actually what light is, a vibration traveling through a string particle field)
The speed vibrations travel through the particle field is the speed of light "c"
The particle field strings have a certain amount of tension, length and mass. That makes 'c' the speed it is.
If the tension, length or mass changed so would 'c'

Here is a regular string tension formula... Tension = velocity squared x mass / Length.

If we plug c in and rearrange we get... TL = mc^2

Both sides of the equation are in joules or energy... equivalent to "E".
It means the Tension of the strings in space times their length is equal to their energy.
This is why the speed of light is involved in Einsteins mass energy equivalence equation... E = mc^2 ...and actually why light travels at the speed of light
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[6] viXra:1510.0086 [pdf] submitted on 2015-10-10 19:58:44

Gedankenexperiment for Delineating the Regime for the Start of Quantum Effects, and Their End, Using Turok’s Perfect Bounce Criteria and Radii of a Bounce

Authors: Andrew Beckwith
Comments: 6 Pages. Needs a home to go to. Will find a place for it to be published in

Inter relationships between conditions for perturbation theory being appropriate for a bounce as given by Turok (non zero singularity) and the initiation of quantum effects in cosmology, using ideas from Haggard and Rovelli . The metric tensor uncertainty effect is alluded to as well, with comments as to future research conditions added.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[5] viXra:1510.0081 [pdf] replaced on 2015-11-23 17:01:34

Dimensionality :You Are Fooled Into Believing the Truth

Authors: Seamus McCelt
Comments: 1 Page.

Dimensionality : Are you really three dimensions?
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[4] viXra:1510.0061 [pdf] replaced on 2015-10-10 04:31:27

Flux Particle Theory :Why the Speed of Light is "C"

Authors: Seamus McCelt
Comments: 37 Pages.

Flux particle theory is a complete theory of everything... including Gravity, The four forces and a completely new way to understand the way dimensionality actually works.
It is based solely on irrefutable logic. And although it is easily understandable by anyone, it requires an open mind and a completely new way of thinking.
It uses strings but not the string theory type and everything is easily explained:

WHY THE SPEED OF LIGHT IS "C"

There is a high tension string particle field in space (not the string theory type). Everything is connected by the particle field and it moves along with largest mass in proximity (something like what gravitational fields would be doing). A good 2-D model would be something like a spiders web (individual string lengths are approximately one Ångström). Now imagine an infinite 3-D spiders web.
If a vibration was set off in it, it would travel forever and the speed the vibrations travel (through the net) is the speed of light (that's actually what light is, a vibration traveling through a string particle field)
The speed vibrations travel through the particle field is the speed of light "c"
The particle field strings have a certain amount of tension, length and mass. That makes 'c' the speed it is.
If the tension, length or mass changed so would 'c'

Here is a regular string tension formula... Tension = velocity squared x mass / Length.

If we plug c in and rearrange we get... TL = mc^2

Both sides of the equation are in joules or energy... equivalent to "E".
It means the Tension of the strings in space times their length is equal to their energy.
This is why the speed of light is involved in Einsteins mass energy equivalence equation... E = mc^2 ...and actually why light travels at the speed of light
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[3] viXra:1510.0029 [pdf] submitted on 2015-10-03 13:44:25

Quantum Modification of General Relativity (Qmoger)

Authors: Evgeny A. Novikov
Comments: 9 Pages.

This work is based on modification of the general relativity, which includes effects of production /absorption of matter by the vacuum. The theory (without fitting parameters) is in good quantitative agreement with cosmological observations (SnIa, SDSS-BAO and reduction of acceleration of the expanding universe). In this theory, there is no Big Bang at the beginning, but some local bangs during the evolution are probable. Also, there is no critical density of the universe and, therefore, no dark energy. Based on exact Gaussian solution for the scale factor, it is shown that an effective age of the universe is about 327 billion years. Production of primary dark matter particles have started 43 billion years later. It is shown that characteristic distance between particles is 30 times smaller than the thermal de Brogle wavelength, so that quantum effects, including formation of the Bose-Einstein condensate, can dominate. "Ordinary" matter was synthesized from dark matter in galaxies. Supplementary exact solutions are obtained for various ranges of parameters. From the theory we get an interface between dark and ordinary matter (IDOM), which very likely exist not only in cosmos, but everywhere, including our body and our brain. Key words: cosmology; age of the universe; dark matter; interface between dark and ordinary matter.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[2] viXra:1510.0028 [pdf] replaced on 2016-01-24 16:43:22

Quantum Modification of General Relativity

Authors: Evgeny A. Novikov
Comments: 10 Pages.

This work is based on modification of the general relativity with two additional terms in the Einstein equations. The additional terms give macroscopic description of the quantum effects of production /absorption of matter by the vacuum. The theory (without fitting parameters and without hypothesis of inflation) is in good quantitative agreement with cosmological observations (SnIa, SDSS-BAO and reduction of acceleration of the expanding universe). In this theory, there is no Big Bang at the beginning, but some local bangs during the evolution are probable. Also, there is no critical density of the universe and, therefore, no dark energy (no need in the cosmological constant). Based on exact Gaussian solution for the scale factor, it is shown that an effective age of the universe is about 327 billion years. Production of primary dark matter particles (possibly, gravitons) have started 43 billion years later. It is shown that characteristic distance between particles is much smaller than the thermal de Brogle wavelength, so that quantum effects, including formation of the Bose-Einstein condensate, can dominate, even for high temperature. "Ordinary" matter was synthesized from dark matter (with estimated small electric dipole moment (EDM)) in galaxies. Supplementary exact solutions are obtained for various ranges of parameters. From the theory we get an interface between dark and ordinary matter (IDOM), which very likely exist not only in cosmos, but everywhere, including our body and our brain. Key words: modification of general relativity; cosmology; age of the universe; dark matter (gravitons); interface between dark and ordinary matter.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[1] viXra:1510.0015 [pdf] replaced on 2016-01-27 04:39:52

The Nucleon-Nucleon Effective Range Parameters and Scattering Lengths at Low Energies

Authors: Sylwester Kornowski
Comments: 6 Pages.

We know that the Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) fails at low energies. For example, within QCD, we cannot calculate precise mass and spin of nucleons. It does not concern the Scale-Symmetric Theory (SST). Moreover, experimental data show that at low energies the effective range parameters for nn, np, and pp scatterings are similar, but different. Why? Here, applying SST, we calculated the effective range parameters and scattering lengths for nn (respectively 2.732 fm and -18.806 fm), for np (2.778 fm and -23.867 fm), and pp (2.824 fm and -16.995 fm). These theoretical results are consistent with experimental data. At low energies, the effective range parameters follow from exchanges of virtual pions (which are responsible for the nuclear strong interactions) and production of the virtual condensates (which are responsible for the nuclear weak interactions at low energies). The condensates insignificantly increase the effective ranges. Just at low energies, the effective range parameters for nucleons follow from their strong-weak interactions described within SST. On the other hand, the scattering lengths we interpret as the circumferences of the produced gluon/photon loops with maximum radius. The obtained here and within SST results show that QCD is the incomplete and partially incorrect theory - the same concerns the electroweak theory at low energies.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory