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| viXra.org > Nuclear and Atomic Physics > 2309 |
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[5] viXra:2309.0120 [pdf] submitted on 2023-09-25 01:57:13
Authors: Jianping Mao
Comments: 17 Pages.
Evidences from physics and chemistry implies that atoms likely can gradually grow out, on their core (Z ＝ 1-2 that will expand in Z ＝ 27-28 and 45-46), vertical 4 a (Z ≧ 1, representative), 4 b (Z ≧ 21, transition), and 8 c (Z ≧ 57, inner transition) alpha clusters bonding with valence neutrons that electron and proton distributions seem similar — all of electrons of inner shells following protons in nuclei, which means that most of atomic space was occupied by electrons of outermost shell only and experimental results of Geiger and Moseley could not completely exclude a possibility that atomic nuclei contain electrons. In other words, atomic structures — foldable — corresponded to Thomson’s model, but distributing distances of outer and inner electrons were very different, not uniform as in Rutherford’s model to some degree, which could pave a promising way to clarify or integrate structures of atoms and atomic nuclei.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics
[4] viXra:2309.0091 [pdf] replaced on 2024-12-31 10:16:09
Authors: Ronen Yavor
Comments: 32 Pages.
This study suggests that the nuclear structure determines the atomic properties and proposes a geometric nuclear model to confirm this claim.The model combines the advantages of the liquid drop, shell, collective and cluster models and can serve as a starting point to an effective field theory process.The main goal is not necessarily to obtain more accurate results than existing models, but rather to raise the possibility of a tangible interpretation of nuclear and atomic physics and to explore different perspectives of this idea.According to the model, the nucleus generally has an ellipsoidal shape, made up of a three-dimensional lattice of proton-neutron bonds (treated here as a cubic system) and nuclear shells populated by protons, which resemble the atomic shells of the periodic table.The excess neutrons (those not paired with protons) are located in the nuclear envelope.The model was first tested and confirmed on various nuclear phenomena and then its link to atomic physics was demonstrated and analyzed.Its main achievements are:u2022a nuclear geometry from which the periodic system is derived.u2022its agreement with various nuclear and astrophysical phenomena.u2022demonstrating the link between the nuclear structure and the atomic properties through the correlation of the nuclear geometry with the atomic covalent radius.u2022the interpretation of atomic phenomena in the light of the model.This article summarizes the main stages of the research to understand the concept as a whole.A detailed analysis and description of each research phase will be published in separate articles.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics
[3] viXra:2309.0040 [pdf] submitted on 2023-09-07 21:10:32
Authors: Kiyoung Kim
Comments: 9 Pages.
In conventional thermonuclear fusion process of atomic nuclei, one critical condition is how to make them close together or pass through the Coulomb barrier between themselves. Although the thermonuclear fusion has been understood well with the conventional theory in nuclear physics, cold fusion, which has been issued with Fleischmann-Pons experiment in 1989, or nuclear fusion at room temperature in general is not explained with the conventional theory. However, if nuclear force inside the nucleus is considered as the spin-spin magnetic interaction of nucleons initiated by electric polarization between proton and neutron, there is an alternative way to understand cold fusion. Since the electric polarization between nucleons can be induced by an external electric field, the electric polarization can be an important clue to understand cold fusion, such as the nuclear fusion of deuterium nuclei absorbed into the lattice structure of palladium.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics
[2] viXra:2309.0032 [pdf] submitted on 2023-09-05 23:41:47
Authors: Xiao Jun
Comments: 17 Pages.
The unified theory of the four fundamental forces has been a goal pursued tirelessly by physicists. Attempts have been made from various aspects such as quantum field theory, general relativity, and string theory, but none have yielded satisfactory results. This article starts with the electric field interaction between two charges. By considering the additional effect of positive and negative vacuum polarization charge clouds around the particles, the divergence equation of the electric field can not only derive the expression of the potential energy of the non-divergent electric field at zero distance, but also derive the potential energy expressions of the non-divergent nuclear force, short-range weak force, and universal gravity. These four forces are different manifestations of the static electric force between charges, and all have a non-zero equilibrium distance. The well-known Newtonian universal gravity, Coulomb force, and Yukawa nuclear force are all results when the action distance is much greater than the equilibrium distance.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics
[1] viXra:2309.0018 [pdf] submitted on 2023-09-04 00:33:28
Authors: Ian Turnbull
Comments: 3 Pages. 2 images
Physicists have determined that there are 'four-interactive-forces' in each and every atom. The forces were identified and named mainly on the basis of their objective properties.They are known everywhere as:Gravity, Electromagnetism, the Strong and the Weak Nuclear Forces.A meta-physical interest in the subjective nature of these same four forces recognises how they are equally here at work within and between us humans. They are especially evident in our family lives. In this setting, we distinguish the 'four forces' on the basis of their domestic and social and emotional attributes, and can classify them as:Masculine strength, Feminine power, Family group energy, and sexuality.Impressed by the evidence of energetic symmetry within and between the human and particle realms, I comment on the subjective and social nature of the processes that work together to form the Mushroom Cloud. In contrast to the established idea of the destructive nature of the atomic bomb blast, we become as witnesses to the unification and marriage of the masculine and feminine forces released out of the atoms by the fission process.A consequence of this intellectual process, where-in we study the nuclear processes with both sides of our twin-hemisphere brain switched on, is the realisation that atoms are the family systems of the particle population. This in turn suggests the Atomic World is as a dimension of life unto itself.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics
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