| viXra.org > Mathematical Physics > 2208 |
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| viXra.org > Mathematical Physics > 2208 |
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[5] viXra:2208.0120 [pdf] submitted on 2022-08-21 04:41:29
Authors: Hongbing Zhang
Comments: 13 Pages.
The Intuitive Geometric Significance of Frequently-uesd RotationMatrices of Spin 1/2and Spin 1, and Why HalfAngles Used in SU(2).
Category: Mathematical Physics
[4] viXra:2208.0105 [pdf] replaced on 2023-02-23 01:21:05
Authors: Zhengxi Wang
Comments: 9 Pages.
It has been mathematically proved that pi is an irrational number, mathematics has infinitesimal but there is a minimum in physics. The Planck length is the smallest length that can be measured, and a size smaller than it doesn't make sense. By com-paring the circumference of a circle with the Planck length, the significant decimal places of the circumference of the circle are determined, with formula: Pi = circum-ference / diameter, calculate the number of significant decimal places for pi. Therefore, pi is a finite decimal and is a rational number, according to this, set up the physical pi table. In the same way we get: The square root of 2 is a finite decimal and is a rational number, and has an exact place on the real number line, resolved the square root crisis of 2. This paper argues that, mathematics and physics are different, Irrational numbers are all rational numbers in physics. There is infinity (n→±∞, n→±1/∞) in mathematics, but not in physics; Length, quality and time all have definite values. Our universe is certain and limited.
Category: Mathematical Physics
[3] viXra:2208.0099 [pdf] submitted on 2022-08-18 15:13:43
Authors: Miftachul Hadi
Comments: Written in English, 1 page, no figure.
We propose to apply $U(1)$ gauge potential decomposition in geometrical optics.
Category: Mathematical Physics
[2] viXra:2208.0065 [pdf] submitted on 2022-08-11 00:50:12
Authors: Claude Michael Cassano
Comments: 11 Pages.
Through the Helmholtzian factorization of the Helmholtz/Klein-Gordon equation the mass is a sum of squares of a 4-tuple of the four-vector-doublet. The Dirac equation factoring shows that the electron satisfies via a mass-singlet. Thus, in combination, the heavy leptons and quarks are separated as: (0,0,0,mu2080) heavy leptons satisfying the Dirac factoring, and (mu2081,mu2082,mu2083,0) quarks satisfying the Helmholtzian factoring, as pythagorean quadruples. Through the pythagorean quadruple primitives (2,5,14,15)⇒(∓(1/3),∓(5/6),∓(7/3),(5/2)), (±(2/3),±(5/3),±((14)/3),5),charge and color are manifested, plus the mass magnitude |m|² is always the sum-of-squares of the mass-constituents via Klein-Gordon equation. Plus, by establishing the fermion architecture the weak interaction is manifested (including the masses of the Wu207a and Zu2070 , via the fundamental dimensionless physical constant $k$). And continuing the Helmholtzian factorization/Dirac equation factoring analysis, extended through the Helmholtzian factorization to all particle types and interactions (quarks, neutrinos, weaks, heavy leptons).
Category: Mathematical Physics
[1] viXra:2208.0029 [pdf] replaced on 2022-08-23 22:32:39
Authors: Dr Helmut Schmidt
Comments: 20 Pages.
The presented theory is based on causal fermion systems and the simplest possible law for energy E = 2^n i^t . The natural numbers n and t cause cohesion and replace gravity. A distinction is made between this law of nature and, in contrast, our world view with 3 isotropic dimensions x, y and z and rotations with 2pi. For an observer and two objects, from the torque and angular momentum alone, a common constant of h, G, and c can be derived, giving a ratio of meters and seconds: hGc^5s^8/m^10 sqrt(pi^4-pi^2-1/pi-1/pi^3) = 1,00000. The earth's diameter results from the earth's rotation sqrt(pi/2 c m day) = 6378626 m with a height difference of 489 m. Numerous calculations on elementary particles and hydrogen atoms are given, e.g. the exact calculation of the proton mass: m_proton=(2pi(^4) +(2pi)^3+(2pi)^2-(2pi)^1-3-2/pi-2/pi^6+4/pi^8+4/pi^10+4/pi^12+4/pi^8+4/pi^10+4/pi^12+8/pi^13-1/pi^14me=1836.15267343 me. With the same approach, the expansion of the universe H0, radii of celestial bodies and orbits in the planetary system result, e.g. from the Mercury orbit: Periapsis: r_Orbit = 696342 kms sqrt(1 + 0*pi + 4pi^2 + 8pi^3 - 0*16 pi^4+32 pi^5) = 69916000 km Apoapsis: r_Orbit = 696342 km sqrt(1 - 2/2pi + 2pi^2 + 8pi^3 - 16/2 pi^4 + 32/2pi^5) = 46114000 km. With this, the energies of objects are determined directly, without virtual particles in a vacuum.
Category: Mathematical Physics
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