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[6] viXra:2410.0165 [pdf] submitted on 2024-10-27 16:43:26
Authors: Eric Edward Albers
Comments: 17 Pages.
This paper examines the relationship between interest payments as a percentage ofgovernment revenue and the stability of reserve currencies, identifying critical thresh-olds that historically preceded currency crises or the loss of reserve currency status.Through detailed analysis of cases including the British pound sterling, Argentine peso,Greek drachma, and Japanese yen, we identify a consistent pattern where fiscal crisesemerge when interest payments reach 20-30% of government revenue. This thresh-old appears remarkably stable across different historical periods, economic systems,and levels of development. These findings have profound implications for the UnitedStates, where interest payments are projected to rise from 19.5% of revenue in 2024to 63.4% by 2028, far exceeding historical crisis levels. The paper analyzes both do-mestic challenges (including demographic pressures, political gridlock, and structuraleconomic issues) and international pressures (such as de-dollarization initiatives, dig-ital currency development, and changing geopolitical dynamics) that could acceleratea potential crisis. We examine potential policy responses across fiscal, monetary, andstructural domains, while acknowledging the significant political and practical chal-lenges to implementation. The analysis suggests that the convergence of these factorscreates an unprecedented risk to dollar stability, potentially requiring preventive actionbefore critical thresholds are breached to avoid a disorderly adjustment in the globalmonetary system.
Category: Economics and Finance
[5] viXra:2410.0126 [pdf] submitted on 2024-10-22 16:54:09
Authors: Yutong Gao
Comments: 13 Pages.
This paper explores the rational decision-making process of individuals in situations of incomplete and uncertain information, and proposes a hierarchical model of information importance. By analyzing the common behavior of jaywalking in daily life, the paper demonstrates how individuals, constrained by limited time and cognitive resources, make rational choices by weighing costs and benefits. Although jaywalking may appear "irrational," decision-makers often make reasonable assessments based on available information and context, particularly under time pressure or other external stresses. The paper further examines how information asymmetry can lead to decision biases, especially when information is insufficient or when its dynamic changes are difficult to predict, potentially resulting in outcomes that deviate from expectations.Additionally, the paper analyzes information acquisition behaviors during the Cold War standoff between the U.S. and the Soviet Union, as well as in civil aviation navigation systems, to explore how decision-makers in high-stakes environments invest significant resources to obtain information and optimize decisions through a hierarchical information mechanism. In situations where the importance of information is extremely high, the balance between the accuracy and completeness of information, its correctability, and the cost of acquiring information becomes a key factor in determining decision quality. The paper innovatively proposes the concept of "predicting the importance of yet-to-be-acquired information" as crucial to whether decisions align with expectations. This research provides a new theoretical framework for understanding information acquisition and rational decision-making in complex contexts and offers practical insights into optimizing decisions in high-risk environments.
Category: Economics and Finance
[4] viXra:2410.0107 [pdf] submitted on 2024-10-19 23:47:18
Authors: Hyun-Tak Kim
Comments: 5 Pages. 3 Figures; in Korean
The government bill announced on September 4, 2024, is problematic because it violates both Article 34 of the Constitution (the right to live a humane life) and Article 102, Paragraph 2 of the National Pension Act (management and operation of funds), which states that "in order to ensure the long-term stability of the National Pension Fund, the returns of the fund must be maximized." If these violations are resolved, the people will accept the government bill. To address the violation of Article 34 of the Constitution, an "automatic pension benefit increase system" will be introduced. To address the violation of Article 102, Paragraph 2 of the National Pension Act, the term "maximum" will be replaced with a provision stating that "100% of the fund, managed by external fund managers selected through competitive bidding for the highest returns, shall be invested in and managed with stocks that grow steadily over the long term, with an average return of 23% per year or more (resulting in a 10-year compound interest of 693% or more)." This approach will maximize the compound interest effect, with an expected average annual return of 30% over 10 years. Supporting legislation should be enacted for such measures. Additionally, actual data for periods of less than 10 years can be compared to the 10-year average return of 27% for SMH (a U.S. semiconductor ETF), which has demonstrated returns of about 40% per year.[요약]2024년 9월 4일 발표된 정부 법안은 헌법 34조(인간다운 삶을 살 권리)와 국민연금법 102조 ②항(기금의 관리 및 운영)에 명시된 "국민연금 기금의 장기적 안정을 위해서는 기금의 수익을 최대화해야 한다"는 내용을 모두 위반해 문제가 제기된다. 이러한 위반 사항이 해결되면 국민이 정부법안을 받아들일 것이다. 헌법 34조 위반을 바로잡기 위해 "연금 급여 자동 증가 장치"를 입법한다. 국민연금법 102조 ②항 위반을 바로잡기 위해, 조항속에 있는 "최대"를 "최대 수익률 상위 경쟁입찰로 선발된 외부 펀드 매니저가 운용하고자 하는 기금의 100%를 장기적으로 꾸준히 성장하는 주식에 투자하고 운용하여 그 수익률 10년 평균 23%/년 이상 (10년 복리 693% 이상)"로 바꾸는 법률을 개정한다. 이 경우 복리효과 최대가 될 수 있고 10년 평균 30%/년 이상이 기대된다. 추가로, 약 40%/년 수익률은10년이 되지 않은 실제 데이터를 SMH(미국 반도체 etf)의 10년 평균 수익률 27%와 비교 추산하여 얻은 것으로 목표달성의 가능성의 실시예를 제공한다.
Category: Economics and Finance
[3] viXra:2410.0085 [pdf] submitted on 2024-10-15 23:43:57
Authors: Levinus Haines
Comments: 24 Pages. (Author name added to the article by viXra Admin as required)
This paper presents an extensive examination of the regulatory landscape and compliance frameworks governing modern pharmacy practice. It elucidates the intricate interplay between ethical considerations, legal mandates, and operational imperatives in ensuring patient safety, maintaining product integrity, and safeguarding public health. Through a thorough analysis of current literature, regulatory guidelines, and industry best practices, this study underscores the paramount importance of stringent compliance measures in pharmaceutical operations, with particular emphasis on patient privacy protection, product quality assurance, and supply chain integrity. The findings herein provide valuable insights for pharmacy professionals, regulatory bodies, and policymakers in formulating and implementing robust compliance strategies that align with evolving healthcare standards and regulatory requirements.
Category: Economics and Finance
[2] viXra:2410.0031 [pdf] submitted on 2024-10-06 21:38:59
Authors: Weston Koyama
Comments: 17 Pages.
This study explores the role of altruism in shaping wealth distribution within simulated economic environments, challenging prevailing assumptions in mainstream economic theory. Motivated by my experiences as an underpaid public defense attorney in Oregon, I sought to examine whether altruistic behaviors—particularly those that sacrifice self-interest—could have measurable impacts on economic inequality. Using a custom simulation model, we tested the effects of three types of altruism (FAKE, SEMI, and PURE) under various environmental conditions: Extreme Abundance, Normal, Scarcity, and Extreme Scarcity. Contrary to my initial hypothesis that greater altruism would exacerbate wealth disparity, the results show that environments with higher proportions of altruistic behaviors, particularly PURE altruism, lead to more equitable wealth distribution, even under conditions of scarcity. These findings suggest that altruism may play an underappreciated role in mitigating wealth inequality, highlighting a potential gap in traditional economic models that often dismiss altruistic behavior as economically unsustainable. The results encourage further research into the real-world impact of altruism in economic systems, and they raise important questions about the overlooked cultural and biological dimensions of inclusive fitness, altruism in professions like law, and the broader role of social cooperation in wealth creation.
Category: Economics and Finance
[1] viXra:2410.0010 [pdf] submitted on 2024-10-03 23:26:18
Authors: Hyun-Tak Kim
Comments: 6 Pages. 1 table, 2 Figures, in Korean
The government’s bill presented on 4th of September in 2024 issues as it violates both Article 34 of the Constitution, which guarantees "the right to a humane life," and Article 102, Paragraph 2 of the National Pension Act (Management and Operation of Funds), which stipulates that "to ensure the long-term stability of the National Pension Fund’s finances, its profits must be maximized." By addressing these violations, the government’s bill can be finalized. To rectify the violation of Article 34 of the Constitution, an automatic pension benefit increase mechanism must be introduced. To correct the violation of Article 102, Paragraph 2 of the National Pension Act, the legal rate of return must be set at a compound interest rate of at least 20% per year, while the actual rate of return must be targeted at 25% per year or higher. An external professional fund manager will be entrusted with managing the return rates, and a highest yield bidding system will be implemented. The pension fund must be invested for a period exceeding 10 years in long-term, steadily growing assets to generate compound interest effect, without investments in bonds that do not offer compound interest benefits. The pension operating committee’s authority to directly manage assets must be revoked. Legislation to support these measures must be enacted. Additionally, an example of a 30% rate of return per year will be provided.[요약]2024년 9월 4일 발표된 정부 법안은 헌법 34조(인간다운 삶을 살 권리)와 국민연금법 102조 ②항(기금의 관리 및 운영)에 명시된 "국민연금 기금의 장기적 안정을 위해서는 기금의 수익을 극대화해야 한다"는 내용을 모두 위반해 문제가 제기된다. 이러한 위반 사항을 해결하면 정부 법안이 최종적으로 마무리될 수 있다. 헌법 34조 위반을 바로잡기 위해 "연금 급여 자동 증가 장치"가 도입되어야 한다. 국민연금법 102조 ②항 위반을 바로잡기 위해 법정 수익률은 연 20% 이상의 복리로 정하고 실제 수익률은 연 25% 이상으로 목표를 설정해야 한다. 최상위 수익률 입찰 제도를 도입하여 외부 전문 펀드매니저에게 위탁하여 수익률을 관리해야 한다. 연금 기금은 복리효과가 날 수 있도록 장기적으로 꾸준히 성장하는 자산에 10년 이상 투자되어야 하며, 복리 혜택이 없는 채권에는 투자되지 말아야 한다. 연금 운영 위원회의 자산 직접 운용 권한만은 철회되어야 한다. 이러한 조치를 뒷받침하는 법률이 제정되어야 합니다. 추가로 약 30%/년 수익률의 예를 제공한다.
Category: Economics and Finance
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