Economics and Finance

1811 Submissions

[4] viXra:1811.0499 [pdf] replaced on 2024-08-04 19:15:26

The Greenhouse Gases and Infrared Radiation Misconceived by Thermoelectric Transducers

Authors: Blair D. Macdonald
Comments: 62 Pages. A re-edit.

Greenhouse theory has at its foundation a special group of trace gases and molecules. Together, these gases are claimed to be the only ones that absorb infrared radiation. The assumption that the remaining gases, nitrogen and oxygen, do not absorb or emit infrared radiation presents a paradox; it contradicts both quantum mechanics and the laws of thermodynamics, which prescribes that all matter above absolute zero degrees Kelvin radiates infrared photons. This study investigated the role of thermoelectric detectors in determining the ‘infrared atmosphere’. This study hypothesises that the current greenhouse theory has misinterpreted the significance of those special greenhouse gases (CO2, etc.) since they and their spectral ‘modes’ are detected only by thermoelectric transducers: that they are the thermoelectric gases. It was concluded that the special (1%) greenhouse gases discovered by Tyndall in ca. 1859 are really only those detected by thermo-electric transducers. ‘IR’ spectroscopy is also based on these thermoelectric transducers, and as a consequence ‘IR’ spectrographs show only the spectral modes with electric dipoles and not Raman modes. All current Blackbody radiation theory is determined from thermoelectric measurements alone and requires revision in light of complementary modern Raman laser Spectroscopy measurements. From this thermoelectric understanding, in conjunction with modern Raman Spectroscopy, it was concluded that the current greenhouse theory is incomplete and misconceived. All of the atmosphere radiates IR radiation in compliance with the said laws. The only thing separating the gases is the instruments detecting them.
Category: Economics and Finance

[3] viXra:1811.0439 [pdf] replaced on 2019-04-05 17:47:10

Remark on Seven Applications of Neutrosophic Logic: in Cultural Psychology, Economics Theorizing, Conflict Resolution, Philosophy of Science, Etc.

Authors: Victor Christianto, Florentin Smarandache
Comments: 12 Pages. This paper has been published by J, a multidisciplinary journal. Your comments are welcome

In this short communication, we review seven applications of NFL which we have explored in a number of papers: 1) Background: The purpose of this study is to review on how Neutrosophic Logic can be found useful in a number of diverse areas of interest; 2) Methods: we use logical analysis based on NL; 3) Results: Some fields of study may be found elevated after analyzed by NL theory; and 4) Conclusions: We can expect NL theory can be applied in many areas of research too, both in applied mathematics, economics, and also physics. Hopefully the readers will find a continuing line of thoughts in our research in the last few years.
Category: Economics and Finance

[2] viXra:1811.0400 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-25 12:37:45

The Bonus-Malus System Based on the Vehicle

Authors: Dimiter Dobrev
Comments: 13 Pages. Bulgarian language

Bulgaria is currently considering introducing a bonus-malus system. This system will be different from that introduced in other countries because it will not be based on the driver but on the vehicle. The proposal that is currently under discussion is definitely flawed for a number of reasons. Here we will offer a much simpler system that is fair and difficult to circumvent.
Category: Economics and Finance

[1] viXra:1811.0385 [pdf] submitted on 2018-11-25 04:59:22

Description of a Methodology from Econophysics as a Verification Technique for a Financial Strategy

Authors: Andrea Berdondini
Comments: 5 Pages.

ABSTRACT. In this article, I would like to draw attention to a method inspired by the analysis of stochastic models typical of quantum physics, and to utilise it to test a financial strategy. We start from the principal question asked by anyone involved in financial investments: Are the results obtained due to a correct interpretation of the market, or are they merely fortuitous? This is a plain question and it can be given an equally clear answer. The results obtained are due to a correct interpretation of the market if the probability of obtaining equal or better results randomly is very small (i.e. tends to zero as the number of times the strategy is used increases).
Category: Economics and Finance