| viXra.org > Condensed Matter > 2508 |
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| viXra.org > Condensed Matter > 2508 |
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[2] viXra:2508.0096 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-14 01:28:12
Authors: Warren D. Smith
Comments: 1 Page.
We answer surely one of the most prominent scientific problems in your life: why ice "spikes" occur jutting out of the top surface of ice cubes.
Category: Condensed Matter
[1] viXra:2508.0056 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-07 09:28:48
Authors: B. Wereszczyńska, K. Szcześniak
Comments: 7 Pages.
Previously described enhancement of the relaxivities of the liposomes with gadolinium-functionalized lipids embedded in the lipid bilayer, caused by the incorporation of zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc), opens the way to reduction of the dose of potentially harmful Gd(III) in novel theranostic liposomal formulations. The lipid bilayer water permeability and flexibility/deformability alterations were found the most likely reasons for the relaxivity increase. Here we present the relevant difference between outcomes of incorporation of ZnPc and other hydrophobic photosensitizing agents, namely Temoporfin (TP) and Verteporfin (VP), into the structure of Gd(III)-loaded liposomes. Three types of theranostic liposomes, each containing one of the photosensitizers, and liposomes with no model drug, were prepared by a thin-film hydration method and examined for particle size distributions and relaxivities r1 and r2 (9.4 T, 37°C). Only incorporation of ZnPc affected relaxation properties of the liposomes. It is our hypothesis that it is energetically non optimal for ZnPc not only to be located in hydrophilic regions but also (to a lesser extent) in non-polar lipid chains regions. The above may be the reason for locally incompact structure of the lipid bilayer resulting in an increase of water permeability and flexibility/deformability of the membrane, affecting relaxivity. This would not be the case for TP and VP as they mix well with less polar environment.
Category: Condensed Matter
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