Gravitational lensing and galactic rotation curve data evidence that galactic mass calculations, via the centripetal force method, obtain results significantly less than total matter indicated, by about 5.35:1. This major invisible component is known as dark matter, interacting gravitationally. Newtonian and general relativity gravitational models diverge on multiple fronts, suggesting neither model is complete. Dimensional analysis, when reduced to units of length and time only, identifies the scaling mode for dimensional parameters. Gravity is accordingly modified. Speed of light c is shown to be the velocity of least energy for fundamental particles. Modified gravity reveals that galactic mass calculations via the centripetal force method are incorrect. Comparison of solar volumetric temperature slices against atomic hydrogen temperature, provides a method for calculating solar mass. Recalculating galactic mass via running parameters, and solar temperature analysis in atomic hydrogen terms, fully resolves dark matter.