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| viXra.org > Social Science > 2508 |
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[7] viXra:2508.0129 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-19 00:12:00
Authors: Motsumi Taje
Comments: 10 Pages.
The debate on the existence of ghost in the human being world has been one of the ongoing controversies globally, especially based on a very ancient idea that a human body is separate from their soul, and when the body dies, the spirit can still live on nor remain trapped in the living world under certain circumstances. This research paper explores the existence of ghosts, aiming to compel the readers and making them aware of their potential reality based on historical accounts, eyewitness testimonies, and scientific inquiry. The study analyses a range of documented experiences, captured documentaries, cultural perspectives, and paranormal investigations to build a case for the credibility of ghost phenomena. Qualitative methods were primarily used, including the examination of secondhand interviews, case studies from paranormal researchers, and content analysis of reports from reputed researchers and organisations. Additionally, secondary data from scientific studies on electromagnetic fields, infrasound, and psychological responses were evaluated to support or challenge claims of ghostly encounters. The research findings reveal more about the factors or reasons behind the manifestation of ghostly spirits in the living world, the distinction between ghosts and spirits, the types of ghost hauntings, forms of ghosts and technology behind the detection of ghostly spirits. The findings suggest that while scepticism remains valid, there is compelling evidence that warrants further open-minded investigation into the paranormal: existence of ghosts.
Category: Social Science
[6] viXra:2508.0106 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-16 21:36:51
Authors: Peter Enders
Comments: 2 Pages. In German (Note by viXra Admin: This submission may not be within the scope of viXra - It may be subsequently deleted))
From August 6th to 8th, the Foundation for Education and Integrative Work (BUNT) organized a meeting of post-Eastern communities in Germany. BUNT (https://www.bunt-berlin.de) has been offering German language and culture courses for over 30 years, primarily for migrants in Germany, but also for companies and their employees in Germany and abroad. BUNT is particularly committed to the needs of women, children, and families. In its Bunte Umwelt kindergarten, language and nature are given special importance, inspired by Scandinavian pedagogy.This meeting was the first conference within the new project p(ost) berlin, a joint initiative of the BUNT Foundation and the federal program "Living Democracy" (https://www.demokratie-leben.de), which is dedicated to dialogue, identity, and diversity in migrant communities from the former Eastern Bloc in Germany. "Post" also stands for platform, openness, voice, and participation. It primarily served as an initial introduction. The event began with a lecture on building strong communities. Representatives of numerous associations that foster Germany's relations with the countries of the former Eastern Bloc in various ways were introduced, including Galina Nurtasinova, Executive Board Member of the German-Kazakh Society in Berlin. Two workshops and an evening social gathering rounded out the program.
Category: Social Science
[5] viXra:2508.0062 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-07 23:21:22
Authors: Mahshid gorjian
Comments: 22 Pages.
It is becoming increasingly important to predict property prices to mitigate investment risk, establish policies, and preserve market stability. To determine the practical utility and anticipated efficacy of the sophisticated statistical and machine learning models that have emerged, a comparative analysis is required.The purpose of this systematic study is to assess the predictive effectiveness and interpretability of hedonic regression and complex machine learning models in the estimation of housing prices in a wide range of foreign scenarios.In May 2024, a thorough search was conducted in Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. The search terms included "hedonic pricing models," "machine learning," and "housing price prediction," in addition to others. The inclusion criteria required the utilization of empirical research published after 2000, a comparison of at least two predictive models, and reliable transaction data. Research that utilized non-empirical methodologies or web-scraped prices was excluded. Twenty-three investigations met the eligibility criteria. The evaluation was conducted in accordance with the reporting criteria of PRISMA 2020.Random Forest was the most frequently employed and consistently high-performing model, being selected in 14 of 23 studies and regarded as exceptional in five. Despite their lack of precision, hedonic regression models provided critical explanatory insights into critical variables, such as proximity to urban centers, property characteristics, and location. The integration of hedonic and machine learning models improved the interpretability and accuracy of the predicted results. Many of the studies included in this review were longitudinal, covered a diverse range of international contexts (specifically, Asia, Europe, America, and Australia), and demonstrated a rise in research output beyond 2020.Even though hedonic models retain a significant amount of explanatory power, the precision of home price predictions is improved by machine learning, particularly Random Forest and neural networks. The optimal results for researchers, real estate professionals, and policymakers who aim to improve market transparency and enlighten effective policy decisions are achieved through the seamless integration of these techniques.
Category: Social Science
[4] viXra:2508.0052 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-07 20:45:55
Authors: Mahshid Gorjian
Comments: 18 Pages.
Urban morphology has a significant impact on sustainable urban outcomes in the ecological, social, and economic sectors. Nonetheless, academics lack clarity and consensus on how to quantify urban morphology indicators, which impedes multidisciplinary research and the creation of integrated sustainable solutions. This comprehensive study develops a detailed taxonomy of urban form indicators related to sustainability, describes quantitative approaches for investigating the linkages between urban morphology and sustainability, and examines research trends, gaps, and future directions. A review of 89 carefully selected studies showed 365 distinct urban morphology measures, with significant variation in names, interpretations, and data formats. The measures were divided into six categories: urban tissue configuration, roadway network, building plot characteristics, land use, natural elements and greenspace, and urban expansion, each with its own subclass. The study indicates that, even though urban morphology is intrinsically spatial, spatial modeling is rarely used to investigate its relationships with sustainability. The research shows a regional bias, with insufficient representation of studies focusing on the Global South and natural elements. This synthesis calls for a standardized classification framework as well as more broad, spatially explicit techniques to foster multidisciplinary research and support effective policy and planning for sustainable urban development.
Category: Social Science
[3] viXra:2508.0051 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-07 20:48:27
Authors: Mahshid Gorjian
Comments: 33 Pages.
Urban green infrastructure (UGI) is critical for improving ecological resilience, public health, and social equity in the face of increasing urbanization. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are critical tools for evaluating the spatial, environmental, and social dimensions of Urban Green Infrastructure. This systematic review brings together empirical GIS-based evaluations of UGI published between 2020 and 2024, highlighting methodological innovations, data sources, analytical frameworks, and persisting issues. We identify trends using remote sensing, machine learning, and multi-criteria decision analysis to improve green space accessibility, ecosystem service provision, and urban resilience. Despite increased interdisciplinarity and technological innovation, shortcomings remain in standardized evaluation procedures, geographic representation, and the incorporation of social justice factors. Our findings underscore the importance of standardized frameworks and better participatory GIS approaches for promoting sustainable and equitable urban development. This paper provides a fundamental synthesis for researchers, planners, and politicians who want to improve GIS-based urban greening programs.
Category: Social Science
[2] viXra:2508.0049 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-07 20:55:42
Authors: Mahshid Gorjian
Comments: 36 Pages.
Background The measurement, effects, and policy implications for social justice of gentrification continue to be a central but challenging issue in urban studies and planning, with considerable discussion about its significance. Despite the growing empirical interest, there is a lack of agreement regarding the definition and measurement of gentrification, which has led to a variety of findings and has complicated the scholarly and policy discourse.Objectives This study critically evaluates the quantitative methodologies applied to describe and measure gentrification in peer-reviewed literature. The objective is to identify methodological shortcomings, demonstrate current practices, and provide recommendations for future research.Methods Empirical data was used to operationalize gentrification in a systematic review of 179 quantitative studies published between 1973 and 2020. The theoretical framework, variable selection, spatial and temporal dimensions, data sources, and analytic approaches of each study were examined.Results The findings show significant variability in the operationalization of gentrification, including a dependence on decade-long intervals, census tract-level studies, and simple criteria. Few studies integrate supply and demand factors or use race as a key analytic component. Methodological complexity has increased in recent years, with more research using blended indicators and multivariate approaches, although inconsistencies and ambiguities remain. Mixed methods approaches and the incorporation of local context are underutilized.Conclusion To improve the rigor and comparability of gentrification research, future studies should use deeper and theoretically grounded measurement methodologies, describe methodological decisions transparently, and address spatial, temporal, and social issues more completely. Clearer standards for establishing and measuring gentrification are required for creating strong, policy-relevant study and informed urban planning practice.
Category: Social Science
[1] viXra:2508.0028 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-05 20:42:39
Authors: Ding Jian
Comments: 4 Pages.
The major social systems in the world today all aim for fairness as their pursued goal. Whether it is Western democracy or Eastern democracy, the obedience of the minority to the majority is a common rule for both. The flaw lies in imposing the consensus of a part of people on others. And truth is absolute fairness, meaning unanimous consensus, which lies herein as the key that truly drives social progress today. Although truth must have absoluteness and immutability, and does not exist in reality, and belongs to the category of metaphysics, it has continuity with relevant objective things in reality, and its intrinsic mechanism is inertia. Based on this, I initially created the "Trialism on Things' Limits", which resolved the dilemma that truth had no place to reside in dualism and could only be passed over ambiguously, and expanded the philosophical view of materialism to the category of metaphysics. This means that the communist social system is based on the current democratic systems (which belong to dualism) both in the East and the West to add unanimous consensus as a third aspect, and a unity of opposites is formed by virtue of the absoluteness of truth together with the democracy and centralism in reality. With the reasonable return of methodology from dualism to trialism, ambiguity breeds chaos while consensus harbors peace; this is a new connotation provided for how to implement the community with a shared future for mankind on the basis of theoretical innovation.
Category: Social Science
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