General Science and Philosophy

2511 Submissions

[3] viXra:2511.0082 [pdf] submitted on 2025-11-18 00:35:36

The Rebirth of Philosophy

Authors: Ding Jian
Comments: 14 Pages.

There is continuity between truth and the relevant objective things in reality, and its intrinsic mechanism is inertia. Inertia is an inherent characteristic of objective things, and truth resides there. Inertia generates continuity, which is a necessary condition for reasoning. It can go from the quantitative change of real space all the way deep into the qualitative change of ideal realm, and expand the philosophical view of materialism to the category of metaphysics. In the fundamental part of Eastern and Western philosophy, this absence has been more than two thousand years. From this, it can be seen that the law of the unity of opposites should have been the Trialism, in fact we use it every day, just not deliberately reflected upon. Once a consensus is reached, it means the unification of Eastern and Western philosophies. Based on this, the norms for identifying truth are given, and the true nature of metaphysics is restored through norms and definitions. In addition, the definition of philosophy is discussed and given. The Trialism on things' limits is founded, which resolves the dilemma that truth has no place in Dualism, and thereby uses this theory to perfect materialism as well as the unity of opposites of all knowledge.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[2] viXra:2511.0077 [pdf] submitted on 2025-11-17 02:06:06

XOR as a Minimal Model of Topological Learning

Authors: Se Kyun Kwon, Hye Neung Kwon
Comments: 5 Pages.

The XOR problem has long been cited as proof that neural networks require nonlinear activation functions to learn nonlinearly separable decision boundaries. We argue that this interpretation is reversed. XOR is not evidence that nonlinearity is required; it is evidence that learning is fundamentally topological. We demonstrate that XOR can be solved by a purely piecewise-linear model, provided that the input space is partitioned into local patches and those patches are reconnected by a learned transition rule.No nonlinear activation is applied to the value branches. The softmax gate acts solely as a transition rule defining the topological partition of the input domain. In this view, learning is the act of cutting and gluing regions of input space—a process that induces a nontrivial holonomy similar to a monopole-like singularity. Because topological quantities are invariant under continuous deformation, all solutions of XOR—whether through ReLU, sigmoid, tanh, high-dimensional lifting, or discrete gating—are merely different coordinate representations of the same topological object.Continuity, differentiability, and analytic activation functions are not the essence of learning; the topology of how input regions are divided and re-attached is.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[1] viXra:2511.0022 [pdf] submitted on 2025-11-06 21:58:00

The Dark Sides of Modern Science: Credit Attribution, Citation and Impact

Authors: Taha Sochi
Comments: 47 Pages.

This is the sixth article in our series "The Dark Sides of Modern Science" and is about the credit attribution, citation and impact in the scientific circles and literature (where science means knowledge in general). The remarks that we stated in the Introduction of the first article of this series (i.e. "Knowledge Production and Authoring") generally apply to this article and hence we do not need to repeat.
Category: General Science and Philosophy