| viXra.org > General Science and Philosophy > 1208 |
 |
 |
| viXra.org > General Science and Philosophy > 1208 |
|
|
[37] viXra:1208.0198 [pdf] submitted on 2012-08-19 10:43:49
Authors: H. S. Patil
Comments: 11 Pages.
Growing concern for the environment degradation has led to the world’s interest in
renewable energy sources. Wind energy is rapidly emerging as one of the most
cost-effective forms of renewable energy with very significant increases in annual installed
capacity being reported around the world. The favoured form of turbines used for
electricity generation purposes is the Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) with low
solidity ratio (ratio of blade area to swept area) and high tip speed ratio, λ = ΩR/Vwind,
where R is the radius of the blades and Vwind is the wind velocity. This type of turbine
has a high efficiency or coefficient of performance (Cp), but relatively low torque. Wind
energy is kinetic energy associated with the movement of atmospheric air. Wind energy
systems for irrigation & milling have been in use since ancient times & since beginning
of 20th
century it is being used to generate electric power. Windmills for water pumping
have been installed in many countries particularly in the rural areas. Wind turbines
transform the energy in the wind into mechanical power, which can then be used directly
for grinding etc. or further converting to electric power to generate electricity. Wind
turbines can be used singly or in clusters called ‘wind farms’. Small wind turbines called
aero-generators can be used to charge large batteries. Five nations –Germany, USA,
Denmark, Spain & India account for 80% of the worlds installed wind energy capacity.
Wind energy continues to be fastest growing renewable energy source with worldwide
wind power installed capacity. India ranks 5th
in the world with a largest wind power
capacities which have been established in commercial projects. In India the states
Tamilnadu & Gujarat lead in the field of wind energy. There about a dozen wind pumps
of various designs providing water for agriculture & domestic purposes all scattered over
the country. Today India is a major player in global wind energy market. The present
work was originally devised as a student project to examine the possibility of developing
a small scale, high torque, self-starting HAWT for applications such as water pumping. In
the following we outline the development of the concept of the PVC type HAWT, the
development of a experimental setup of the device that includes the design, manufacture,
commissioning and preliminary testing of the device
Category: General Science and Philosophy
[36] viXra:1208.0197 [pdf] submitted on 2012-08-19 10:44:37
Authors: Shandy Kharisma Irianto, Gunawan Nugroho
Comments: 20 Pages.
Researches on gas turbine have been widely performed, especially on combustion
chamber with a non-premixed combustion process. In this work, the research ofthe combustion
chamber has been performed using the LES method. The aim of this study is to analyze the
combustion process with various fuel injector angles and fuel rate. The analyzed aspects are
flow pattern, temperature distribution and species concentration on stoichiometry condition.
The mixing process between fuel and air at the combustion zone is affected by the increase in
injector angle which, 33.55o
(model 1) being the optimum injector angle to obtain the highest
efficiency of 84.6%. It is noted that model 2 (injector 45o
) has the lowest emission containing
waste gases of CH4 and CO, i.e. 0.75 and 0.089 times lower than those of model 1,
respectively. However, the combustion efficiency of model 2 is lower than model 1, i.e. 82.7%.
Category: General Science and Philosophy
[35] viXra:1208.0196 [pdf] submitted on 2012-08-19 10:45:29
Authors: A.N. El Kholy, M. A. Kamel, M. O. Mousa
Comments: 11 Pages.
This paper evaluates simulations of holes in the wall of cylinder. The
stresses generated incrementally in Finite Element Method under internal
pressure. The holes, which can consider as a stress raiser, established in
external surface. The effect of the hole depth, which varied between 0.5 to 4.5
mm, and the hole diameter, which varied between 1 to 2.5 mm, on the
generated stresses are presented. It was found that, the hoop stress increase due
to increase of the hole parameter, diameter and depth. Moreover, the
characterizations of notch used to determine the maximum stress limit.
Category: General Science and Philosophy
[34] viXra:1208.0195 [pdf] submitted on 2012-08-19 10:46:37
Authors: Dinesh Kumar Madan, Anita Dahiya, Shamta Chugh
Comments: 11 Pages.
In the present paper, the closed form expressions for the
displacements at any point of the transversely isotropic elastic medium with
irregularity present in the medium have been obtained. A model is considered
in which the irregularity is expressed by a rectangle shape and the medium is
taken in a state of free from initial stress. To study the effect of irregularity
present in the medium , the variation of displacements with horizontal
distance have been drawn for different values of irregularity size. Also the
comparison between the displacements for isotropic and transversely
isotropic elastic medium is shown graphically. It is found that the
irregularity have a notable effect on this deformation.
Category: General Science and Philosophy
[33] viXra:1208.0194 [pdf] submitted on 2012-08-19 10:48:22
Authors: Fabio De Felice, Antonella Petrillo
Comments: 18 Pages.
The present work shows the results of a study realized in an
electromechanical company aiming at the qualification of a particular process,
completely automatized. The work has been carried out by the employment of
statistical techniques and instruments of Problem Solving. In particular, the
determination of the causes of the main problems on this line has been realized
by means of instruments such as the Ishikawa Diagram and Scatter Plots and
Stratification. It was made the attempt to intervene on the main causes of the
problems and to reduce each time the dispersion of the output values around the
tendency value.
Category: General Science and Philosophy
[32] viXra:1208.0193 [pdf] submitted on 2012-08-19 10:49:22
Authors: Sudheendra P., A. O. Surendranathan, N. K. Udayashamkar, K. S. Choudhari
Comments: 6 Pages.
DC magnetron sputtering is a well-developed deposition technique
for coatings and thin films used in industrial applications. The experiments
were performed with unbalanced circular magnetron sputtering targets of
aluminium (99.999%) and titanium (99.99%). Sputtering of aluminium (Al)
and titanium (Ti) was carried out in pure argon (99.999%) atmosphere at base
pressure of 4 × 10−6
torr and constant sputtering pressure of 5 × 10−3
torr.
Substrate materials were mainly stainless steel (304) and aluminum plates.
Characterization of TiAl films deposited onto different substrates was
evaluated using XRD, SEM and EDS analysis techniques. The film surface and
cross-section was examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The
TiAl phase was confirmed using XRD analysis. The composition of the TiAl
film was determined using EDS technique. These characterizations revealed the
growth of TiAl intermetallic thinfilm with a characteristic crystallite size of
123.9 Å and a lattice strain of 0.1352%. Also a columnar growth perpendicular
to the substrate surface was observed repeatedly in our experiment. The
microhardness of the TiAl film had an average value of 1873 HV.
Category: General Science and Philosophy
[31] viXra:1208.0192 [pdf] submitted on 2012-08-19 10:50:16
Authors: P. T. Nitnaware, J. G. Suryawanshi
Comments: 9 Pages.
Now days the Global warming has become the important issue. Nation is also facing the fuel
crises due to increase in Automobiles sector. The blends of Hydrogen and CNG have the
potential to satisfy Euro V norms with margin. Experimentation on 3 cylinder water cooled SI
engine with eddy current Dynamometer, modified to CNG sequential Gas Injection system with
varying percentage of hydrogen by volume shown the reduction in emission and increase in
power output.
Category: General Science and Philosophy
[30] viXra:1208.0191 [pdf] submitted on 2012-08-19 10:51:44
Authors: Md. Abdul Wakil, Z. U. Ahmed
Comments: 9 Pages.
This paper investigates the influences of inertia and process parameters on two-layer fiber
spinning process for incompressible, isothermal and Newtonian filament jet flow. The present study
focuses on the steady flow considering inertia, gravity and non-uniform velocity of each layer across
the fiber. The governing equations are solved numerically as nonlinear two-point boundary value
problem given the analytical solution is practically impossible. The effects of inertia and initial process
conditions (draw ratio, initial velocity ratio and die exit radius ratio) are discussed. The velocity
increases monotonically with the axial position in each layer due to inertia effect, at a rate that is
relatively slower (faster) near the spinneret (take-up point) as Re increases. In contrast, the radii
decrease monotonically with the axial position in each layer.
Category: General Science and Philosophy
[29] viXra:1208.0190 [pdf] submitted on 2012-08-19 10:53:00
Authors: Md. Abdul Wakil, Z.U. Ahmed, Md. Hasibur Rahman, Md. Arifuzzaman
Comments: 8 Pages.
The present review aims to study the prospects and opportunities of introducing vegetable
oils and their derivatives as fuel in diesel engines. Some fuel properties are always available in
vegetable oils. In this investigation Cottonseed oil, Mosna oil and Sesame oil are chosen for producing
biodiesel as an alternative fuel for diesel engine. Fuel-related properties of these oils are reviewed and
compared with those of conventional diesel fuel. Biodiesel is produced by transesterifying the oil with
an alcohol such as methanol under mild conditions in the presence of a base catalyst. Satisfactory
amount of biodiesel is produced from Cottonseed oil at 3:1M ratio of methanol and oil. Biodiesel from
cottonseed oil has various fuel properties which are similar to diesel. The cost of biodiesel production
is also analyzed. This paper discusses in a general a perspective of biodiesel.
Category: General Science and Philosophy
[28] viXra:1208.0189 [pdf] submitted on 2012-08-19 10:55:39
Authors: A.Srinivas, G.Venkatasubbaiah, P.Venkateswar rao, M. Penchal Reddy
Comments: 9 Pages.
Historically two stroke engine petrol engines find wide applications
in construction of two wheelers worldwide, however due to stringent
environmental laws enforced universally; these engines are fading in numbers.
In spite of the tight norms, Internationally these engines are still used in
agriculture, gensets etc. Several designs of variable compression ratio two
stroke engines are commercially available for analysis purpose. In this present
investigation a novel method of changing the compression ratio is proposed,
applied, studied and analyzed. The clearance volume of the engine is altered by
introducing a metal plug into the combustion chamber. This modification
permitted to have four different values of clearance value keeping in view of the
studies required the work is brought out as two sections. This paper deals with
the design, analysis testing at different compression ratios, modification and
engine fabrication. It is observed that the increase in compression ratio
improves fuel efficiency and power output. The novelty in this work is to
permit the two wheeler driver to change the compression ratio
Category: General Science and Philosophy
[27] viXra:1208.0187 [pdf] submitted on 2012-08-19 10:36:46
Authors: S. P. Vendan, S. Aravind Lovelin, M. Manibharathi, C. Rajkumar
Comments: 10 Pages.
The project is aimed at designing a wind turbine for tapping the low speed wind in urban locations. It is to be
noted that most of the high wind power density regions in the zone of high wind speed are already being tapped and this
offers a large scope for the development of this low wind speed turbines. Our study focuses primarily on designing the blade
for tapping power in the regions of low wind power density. The aerodynamic profiles of wind turbine blades have crucial
influence on aerodynamic efficiency of wind turbine. This involves the selection of a suitable airfoil section for the proposed
wind turbine blade. The NACA 63 series is chosen as the basic group for investigation because they have good low speed
characteristics and the power curve is better in the low and medium wind speed ranges. In this paper NACA 63-415 airfoil
profile is considered for analysis of wind turbine blade. NACA 63-415 airfoil profile is created by using the co-ordinate file
generated in JavaFoil. A C-Mesh Domain for the fluid around the airfoil is created using Design Modeler in ANSYS
Workbench. The CFD analysis is carried out using STAR-CCM+ at various angles of attack from 00
to 160
. The coefficient
of lift and drag values are calculated for low Reynolds number and the pressure distributions are also plotted. The airfoil
NACA 63-415 is analyzed based on computational fluid dynamics to identify its suitability for its application on wind
turbine blades and good agreement is made between results.
Category: General Science and Philosophy
[26] viXra:1208.0186 [pdf] submitted on 2012-08-19 10:37:55
Authors: Muhammad Misbah-Ul Islam, Mohammad Mashud, Md. Hasan Ali, Abdullah Al Bari
Comments: 18 Pages.
The concentration of this numerical investigation is focused to generate data for developing optimum
profile of Supersonic nozzle irrespective of the altitude of operation. The investigation has been carried out for
different altitudes when the combustion conditions including combustion temperature, combustion pressure,
specific heat ratio and molecular weight remain unchanged. Considering the aerodynamic issues, method of
characteristics is chosen for profile generation. During the application of method of characteristics, exit pressure
to atmospheric pressure ratio is maintained unity. The coding has been done in the MATLAB interface with an
aim to generate maximum thrust at the outlet of the optimized supersonic nozzle. Both Mach and pressure
distribution for maximum thrust generation are within the domain of interest of this investigation.
Category: General Science and Philosophy
[25] viXra:1208.0185 [pdf] submitted on 2012-08-19 10:38:50
Authors: Camila Nicola Boeri, Oleg Khatchatourian
Comments: 12 Pages.
The production of soybean requires that the product is collected
healthy and in advance, to minimize losses caused by the attack in the field of
insects, diseases and microorganisms. Therefore and due to high moisture
content at harvest, drying is one of the operations of primary importance among
the techniques involved in the conservation of desirable qualities of products of
plant origin. The objective of this work is to obtain the drying curves of soya, in
the range of drying air temperature between 45 and 90°C, for the initial
moisture content between 0.13 and 0.32 and drying air velocity of 0, 0.5, 0.9,
1.5 and 2.5m/s to determine the influence of these parameters in the process.
The experimental phase was performed using a prototype of which was a hair
metal tube with 0.15m in diameter, insulated throughout its surface with glass
wool and canvas. The air was heated by six electrical resistance with power of
600W, while the temperature was controlled with the aid of thermocouples
connected to the drying equipment. Were also performed numerical
simulations, where the mathematical model used was proposed by
Khatchatourian [1], and this search has changed the equation that describes the
flow of mass, it is entering the parameters of air velocity and initial moisture
content, obtaining a good agreement between experimental and simulated data.
Was observed that the drying air velocity presents significant influence on the
process, there is an increased withdrawal of water during the first hours of
drying. Note that the influence of air temperature on the rate of drying is higher
at the beginning of the experiment, reducing the processing time. The higher the
temperature and airflow, the greater the drying rate and lower the total time of
exposure to heated air.
Category: General Science and Philosophy
[24] viXra:1208.0184 [pdf] submitted on 2012-08-19 10:39:43
Authors: Farid Viko Bhaskarra, Gunawan Nugroho
Comments: 9 Pages.
A good mixing process are required in designing gas turbine combustor. Numerical simulations using Large Eddy
Simulations are well suited to address these issues. In this study, a numerical simulation of non reacting flow in gas turbine combustor was
performed. There were 5 variations of swirler’s angles (50
, 150
, 200
, 250
and 300
). Perfomances of these new swirler were investigated. The main
target of this investigation is to get the effect of swirler’s angle to combustion recirculation zone. The results show that the longest flame
stagnation point of 45,26022 mm was obtained at 250
of swirler’s angle.
Category: General Science and Philosophy
[23] viXra:1208.0183 [pdf] submitted on 2012-08-19 10:40:54
Authors: Byeong-Sam Kimi, Kyoungwoo Park, Hyeon-Hee Kim
Comments: 8 Pages.
The presented paper describes the application of a modern fatigue prediction tool based on FE-analysis results to
highly specific to aerospace industry, fatigue life prediction a problem on a actuator system. The wings are mounted inside the actuator
system in order to needs of aileron design and kinematic motion system and structural analysis, to ensure the structural safety
analysis results are presented. FE Analysis can provide the estimation of the crack growth curves with sufficient accuracy, even in
case of complicated aileron actuator structures which are crucial for preserving aileron integrity and which participate in transfer of
load. Probability of crack detection or any other damage detection is a result of many factors.
Category: General Science and Philosophy
[22] viXra:1208.0182 [pdf] submitted on 2012-08-19 10:42:05
Authors: Neffati M. Werfalli, Abobaker A. Karoud
Comments: 9 Pages.
In the present work a study of free vibration of thin isotropic
rectangular plates with various edge conditions is conducted. This study
involves the obtaining of natural frequencies by solving the mathematical
model that governs the vibration behavior of the plate using a Galerkin-based
finite element method. Cubic quadrilateral serendipity subparametric
elements with twelve degrees of freedom are used in this analysis. Even
though the order of polynomial used is the lowest possible, the effectiveness
of the method for calculating the natura l frequencies accurately is
demonstrated by comparing the solution obtained against the existing
analytical results. The effect of the aspect ratio, the number of elements, and
the number of sampling points on the accuracy of the solution is also
presented.
Category: General Science and Philosophy
[21] viXra:1208.0181 [pdf] submitted on 2012-08-19 10:43:02
Authors: Md. Abdullah Al Bari, Hasan Ali, Mizanur Rahman, Rakibul Hossain
Comments: 7 Pages.
Energy is the prerequisite for modern civilization. Fossil fuel is still
the main source of energy. But the endless consumption of fossil fuel has brought
its reserve about to an end. As a result, fuel prices are gouging as a consequence
of spiraling demand and diminishing supply. So we are always in search of
alternative and cost effective fuels to meet our need. Diesel engines are more
efficient and cost-effective than other engines. So diesel engines have versatile
uses (i.e. automobiles, irrigation, power plants etc.). That is why; consumption of
diesel fuel is much higher than other gasoline fuels. This paper estimates the
feasibility of soybean oil and sesame oil as an alternative fuel for diesel engine.
In the present paper, production of biodiesel from soybean oil and sesame oil,
its properties and comparison of test results with the results of other biodiesels
and diesel have been presented. Biodiesels are produced experimentally from
soybean and sesame oils and obtained 89.75% and 82.64% respectively.
Calorific values of biodiesels from soybean and sesame oil are obtained
41.57MJ/Kg and 43.67 MJ/Kg and the same for diesel is 44.5 MJ/Kg. The
kinematic viscosity of biodiesel extracted from soybean and sesame oils are
2.068*106m2/s and 2.292*106m2/s respectively while the same for diesel is
2.068*106m2/s. Again, flash point of biodiesels from soybean and sesame oil
are obtained 96°C & 94°C and the same for diesel is 75°C. The production costs
of biodiesels from soybean and sesame oil are Tk. 296.8 and Tk. 370 per liter
respectively. These oils or any of its blends could be used as an alternative in
case of crisis.
Category: General Science and Philosophy
[20] viXra:1208.0180 [pdf] submitted on 2012-08-19 08:55:33
Authors: Mohamad Khairi Ishak, Jamaludin Jalani
Comments: 11 Pages.
This paper proposes an alternative control communication system
through CANopen application which will be used for controlling an
underactuated anthromorphic fingers. It is anticipated that the CANopen
network can be developed easily and reliable to integrate with Bristol
Elumotion Robot Hand (BERUL). The real-time network has to incorporate
into dSPACE and a well-known Matlab Simulink-based controller prototyping
system. Experimental result has proved that the CANopen is reliable to be
implemented for underactuated anthromorphic fingers.
Category: General Science and Philosophy
[19] viXra:1208.0179 [pdf] submitted on 2012-08-19 08:56:58
Authors: V. K. Srivastava
Comments: 10 Pages.
An analytical method is proposed for selecting the best suited actuator which can preferably be used in a variety of
structural control applications. The selection is based on matching performance characteristics of the actuator, such as force and
displacement, to the requirements of the given task. Relations between the mid surface strains and the strain induced in piezoelectric
actuator due to application of electric field are derived to optimize the thickness of piezoelectric layer.
Category: General Science and Philosophy
[18] viXra:1208.0176 [pdf] submitted on 2012-08-19 09:00:15
Authors: M. Hajikazemi, M. H. Sadr, M. Ramezani-Oliaee
Comments: 11 Pages.
The effects of through-the-thickness shearing strain energy on the
geometric non-linear behavior of thin and relatively thick rectangular
functionally graded plates are studied in this paper. It is assumed that the
mechanical properties of the plates, graded through the thickness, are described
by a simple power law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of
constituents. The plates are assumed to be under lateral pressure loads. The
fundamental equations for rectangular plates of FGM are obtained using the
classical laminated plate theory (CLPT), first order shear deformation theory
(FSDT) and higher order shear deformation theory (HSDT) for large deflection
and the solution is obtained by minimization of the total potential energy.
Category: General Science and Philosophy
[17] viXra:1208.0175 [pdf] submitted on 2012-08-19 09:06:16
Authors: Masood Nikbakht, NaghdAli Choupani, Hossein Hosseini Todeshki
Comments: 8 Pages.
In this paper the mixed-mode interlaminar fracture behavior of
Carbon-Epoxy composite specimens was investigated based on numerical
analyses. Study of behavior of composite materials and determining their
ultimate strength seems to be an essential issue in practical engineering. Hence,
the behavior of Carbon-Epoxy laminated composite is studied numerically by
modeling of Arcan specimen in ABAQUS finite element software. The
modeling was fulfilled in the way that loading can be carry out in different
loading angles and also analyses is repeated for wide range of crack length ratio
between 0.1 to 0.9. The numerical analysis was performed with ABAQUS finite
element software under a constant load of 1000 N. the entire test apparatus is
modeled in both 2 dimensional and 3 dimensional. Results of numerical
analyses are demonstrated is several diagrams. Also, a hypothesis about
boundary conditions of 2 dimensional models is investigated and has been
proved. The results show that some of conventional constraints must be
modified to extract right correction factors from finite element models.
Category: General Science and Philosophy
[16] viXra:1208.0174 [pdf] submitted on 2012-08-19 09:06:58
Authors: Naseem Ahmad Khan, Wasi ur Rahman
Comments: 9 Pages.
This paper presents simulation investigation of a plate heat exchanger. Basically, it includes the development of a
mathematical model to describe its operation and analysis. The model, after testing against the existing experimental data, has
been solved to obtain the effect of various parameters like mass flow rate, number of flow channels, plate configuration and f low
patterns. Model of a plate heat exchanger has been described by a set of continuity, momentum and energy equations with a
number of simplifying assumptions. Heat transfer rate equation has also been included in the energy balance equation to take care
of phenomena occurring therein. Mathematical model has been solved by the use of finite difference technique with interval of Δt
=0.005s and Δz = 0.005m to obtain the transient and steady state behavior.
Category: General Science and Philosophy
[15] viXra:1208.0173 [pdf] submitted on 2012-08-19 09:07:43
Authors: E.I. Bello, S.A. Anjorin, M. Agge
Comments: 10 Pages.
In this study, the work done on the extraction of oil from fluted pumpkin (Telfairia
Occidentalis Hook F.) seeds, its transesterification methyl ester (biodiesel) and characterization is reported.
The oil was extracted in a soxhlet extractor using normal hexane as solvent. The oil properties were
measured and the free fatty acid was 3.59 mg KOH/g which is high for alkaline transesterification hence
the oil was neutralized with hydrochloric acid before transesterification using with 3 g of sodium hydroxide
per litre of methanol as catalyst and methoxide/oil in the volume ratio of 6:1. Gas chromatography analys is
shows that the oil and its methyl ester contains primarily the short chain fatty acids oleic (C18:1), linoleic
(C18:2). The fuel properties were evaluated following the American Society for Testing and Materials
(ASTM) methods for biodiesel. The fuel properties are very close to those of diesel fuel hence can be used
as alternative fuel for diesel engines. Of particular importance is the high flash point which makes it a safe
fuel and the low pour point will allows it to be used in cold climate.
Category: General Science and Philosophy
[14] viXra:1208.0172 [pdf] submitted on 2012-08-19 07:14:48
Authors: Anil Kumar H C, N.K. Udayashankar, Sudheendra P, H.S. Hebbar
Comments: 6 Pages.
Titanium Nitride (TiN) was deposited on aluminium alloy Al6061 using reactive DC magnetron sputtering technique.
X-Ray diffraction and EDAX confirmed the presence of TiN phase in the coating. Optical microscopy showed the golden bronze
coloured TiN coating at a N2/Ar ratio of 0.47. Maximum composite Microhardness hardness of 2210 (HK) was obtained at 5g
load for the coating deposited at a ratio (N2/Ar) of 0.60. The dry sliding wear behaviour was studied by pin-on-disc machine.
Oxidation wear prevailed during the sliding test. Coatings deposited at a ratio (N2/Ar) of 0.47 and 0.60 showed better wear
resistance as compared to uncoated specimens.
Category: General Science and Philosophy
[13] viXra:1208.0171 [pdf] submitted on 2012-08-19 07:17:59
Authors: Pranab K. Barua
Comments: 6 Pages.
In this article, we have discussed the importance of applying the hazard rate measure in studying matters related
to change of temperature in pulsating heat pipes. It has been found that the hazard rate decreases with increase in
diameter of the heat pipe. Finally, it has been validated statistically that the hazard rate increases exponentially as the
number of turns in the evaporator section of the heat pipe increases.
Category: General Science and Philosophy
[12] viXra:1208.0170 [pdf] submitted on 2012-08-19 07:18:43
Authors: Jamaludin Jalani
Comments: 9 Pages.
This paper presents a control strategy to overcome positioning control and anti-swing control for a 3
Degree-of-Freedom (D.O.F) crane system. It is well known that the 3 D.O.F crane system is a type of machine,
generally equipped with a hoist, wire ropes or chains, and sheaves. It can be used to lift and lower materials and
to move them horizontally. However, controlling the 3 D.O.F crane systems requires a good control method to
achieve a high positioning control and in particular to suppress swing that produced during operation. Hence,
choosing an appropriate control to resolve positioning control and swing angle is not a trivial task in particular to
transfer payloads quickly, effectively and safely. Presently, the existing of 3 DOF systems used a conventional
PID controller to control position and swing angle. The controllers were designed based on the model and
parameter of the crane system. In general, modelling and parameter identifications are troublesome and time
consuming. Therefore, we propose a Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) which has simpler and practical design
approach. Effectively, it is anticipated that the FLC can be used to avoid a complex mathematical calculation
which is always time consuming. In addition, the model derivation is often inaccurate due to the presence of
nonlinearities and uncertainties. Throughout this paper, the FLC performances are compared with PID controller
through experiment. The results showed that FLC has produced good result for positioning and anti-swing control
for 3 D.O.F. crane system.
Category: General Science and Philosophy
[11] viXra:1208.0169 [pdf] submitted on 2012-08-19 07:19:35
Authors: Deokar Vinayak Hindurao, D.S.Chavan
Comments: 5 Pages.
In the field of competition, all companies should supply their goods and services with high quality, in shortest period
with lower prices than its competitors in order to keep their capacity and power to compete .Plug valves are machine elements
which are commonly used for regulation of fluid, semi-liquid and granular medium flow on variety of tanks and pipeline systems.
This paper discusses FEA analysis of Plug–valve body followed by Experimental stress analysis using strain gauge method for
weight optimization. New optimized models were prepared on the basis of validation of the results obtained from stress analys is
procedure. The weight reduction is done by changing the wall and rib thickness. The results clearly shows the maximum weight
reduction is 24.86 kg (5.26%) weight of original weight while keeping maximum stress level up to 168.6 N/mm2
which is safe for
the applied load.
Category: General Science and Philosophy
[10] viXra:1208.0168 [pdf] submitted on 2012-08-19 07:20:47
Authors: James Kuria, Pyung Hwang
Comments: 17 Pages.
Overreliance on petroleum products and environmental pollution
from combustion emissions produced by automobiles has led to extensive
research on hybrid electric vehicles, electric vehicles and their components. A
key component in these vehicles is the electric motor, used for traction as well
as powering other appliances like the compressor. Overheating in electrical
motors results in detrimental effects such as degradation of the insulation
materials, magnet demagnetization, increase in Joule losses and decreased
motor efficiency and lifetime. Hence, it is important to find ways of optimizing
performance and reliability of electric motors through effective cooling and
consequently reduce operating and maintenance costs. This study describes 3D
CFD simulations performed on a totally enclosed air over fan cooled brushless
D.C. motor to identify the temperatures of the critical components of the motor,
and the effect of varying thermal parameters of these temperatures. The energy
sources are obtained from electromagnetic losses computed using MAXWELL,
a commercial FEA software and bearing losses obtained through numerical
methods developed by the authors. A finned casing is used as the heat sink and
the effect of varying the fin geometry on the cooling performance is examined
using three heat sink designs. The results show that the highest temperature
occurs at the end windings and that this temperature can be reduced by up to
15% by introduction of a suitable finned housing. These results show that CFD
can be effectively used to optimize the cooling performance of electric motors.
Experimental tests are undergoing in order to validate the CFD results.
Category: General Science and Philosophy
[9] viXra:1208.0167 [pdf] submitted on 2012-08-19 07:21:37
Authors: Devaraju Aruri, Adepu Kumar, B Kotiveerachary
Comments: 11 Pages.
This paper reports on studies of the influence of post-process
artificial aging (PPAA) treatment on tensile properties of SiC particles
reinforced AA6061-T6 surface metal matrix composite via Friction stir process
(FSP). In FSPed composite the SiC particles were uniformly distributed in stir
zone without any defect and exhibited higher micro hardness than as-received
Al alloy. FSPed composite was exhibited lower tensile properties compared to
as-received Al and after the application of post-process artificial aging
treatment the tensile properties were increased around 50% than the
untreated material at 170
o
C for soaking period of 16hr.
Category: General Science and Philosophy
[8] viXra:1208.0166 [pdf] submitted on 2012-08-19 07:22:34
Authors: Pooja Ghodasara, M.S. Rathore
Comments: 8 Pages.
Environmental degradation and depleting oil reserves are matters
of concern round the globe. The search for energy independence and concern
for cleaner environment have generated significant interest in biodiesel. It has
shown that biodiesel fuelled engine produce less carbon monoxide, unburnt
hydrocarbon and smoke emission compared to diesel fuel but higher NOx
emission. EGR is as effective technique to reduce NOx from diesel engine as it
lowers flame temperature and reduce oxygen concentration in combustion
chamber. The objective of this research is to investigate the usage of biodiesel
and EGR simultaneously in order to reduce the emissions of all regulated
pollutants from diesel engine. For this a single cylinder, air cooled, constant
speed direct injection diesel engine was used and EGR was developed and fitted
in engine. Various emissions such as HC, NOx, CO and smoke opacity were
measured. The engine performance parameters were calculated from measured
data.
Category: General Science and Philosophy
[7] viXra:1208.0101 [pdf] submitted on 2012-08-19 01:48:24
Authors: Fawzi Al-Naima, Bahaa Jalil
Comments: 17 Pages.
The prepaid meter is important in making the consumer having
sense about his/her energy consumption which is important in eliminating
the difficulties facing the electrical utility employee in getting the reading
of the conventional electromechanical meter and eliminating any error
incurred in bills issuing. This paper is aimed at developing a prototype of a
management system for a prepaid electrical power meter. The designed
prepaid meter consists of an RFID reader, a microcontroller, a digital meter
and a wireless gateway. The proposed prototype metering system consists
of two parts: clients and server. An RFID reader is used to read the ID of
the credit card and a PC connected to a hardware simulated circuit which is
designed and implemented to simulate the operation of the digital meter.
The server is located in the local substation which receives the card’s ID
from clients and sends ID’s information back to the client after checking
and/or updating the database.
Category: General Science and Philosophy
[6] viXra:1208.0069 [pdf] submitted on 2012-08-16 17:33:09
Authors: Florentin Smarandache
Comments: 10 Pages.
În această lucrare este prezentată o nouă ramură a filosofiei, numită neutrosofie,
care studiază originea, natura, şi scopul neutralităţilor, precum şi interacţiunile lor cu
diferite spectre de ideatic. Teza fundamentală: Orice idee este T% adevărată,
I% nedeterminată şi F% falsă, unde T, I, F sunt submulţimi standard sau non-standard
incluse în intervalul non-standard ]-0, +1 [.
Teoria fundamentală:
Fiecare idee tinde să fie neutralizată, diminuată, echilibrată de idei
Category: General Science and Philosophy
[5] viXra:1208.0056 [pdf] submitted on 2012-08-13 14:31:59
Authors: Vahid R. Ramezani
Comments: 11 Pages.
We explore the connection between the mind and the brain. We propose that consciousness is the consequence of processing information and that the solution to the binding problem does not entail quantum mechanical coherence or entanglement. We argue for an alternative inspiration from quantum mechanics and quantum field theory based on time-energy uncertainly: not to reduce consciousness to a quantum wave function but to see what quantum mechanics teaches us about information, time, complexity and transformation. We introduce three postulates and a law governing cognitive systems.
Category: General Science and Philosophy
[4] viXra:1208.0050 [pdf] submitted on 2012-08-12 06:16:56
Authors: Elemer E Rosinger
Comments: 4 Pages.
Recently, in [3], a non-ontological definition of ontology was suggested with the help of four questions. Here several immediate developments are presented.
Category: General Science and Philosophy
[3] viXra:1208.0047 [pdf] submitted on 2012-08-11 04:24:17
Authors: Elemer E Rosinger
Comments: 3 Pages.
Usual definitions of the {\it transcendental} are given by {\it ontological assumptions}. Typical in this regard are those in various theologies or philosophies. And needless to say, such ontological assumptions can easily be challenged, if not in fact, they actually do invite such challenges. Plato's Cave Allegory in his book "Republic" is an exception, since it can be seen as a definition of the transcendental, albeit rather indirectly and through a quite involved story. And as such, it is not at all about any ontological assumption, but only about gnoseology, epistemology and pragmatics. Here, a similar definition of the transcendental is suggested, namely, a definition which does not use any ontological assumption, and instead, it only refers to gnoseology, epistemology and pragmatics. The novelty is in the fact that the mentioned definition consists of nothing more than four successive {\it questions}.
Category: General Science and Philosophy
[2] viXra:1208.0035 [pdf] replaced on 2012-09-17 13:37:57
Authors: Sari Haj Hussein
Comments: 44 Pages.
This is a slide presentation of the paper entitled "A Precise Information Flow Measure from Imprecise Probabilities", which can be found at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/SERE.2012.25.
Category: General Science and Philosophy
[1] viXra:1208.0010 [pdf] submitted on 2012-08-03 10:57:20
Authors: Michael James Goodband
Comments: 24 Pages.
It is shown that there-exist conditions for which scientific theories qualify as Gödel’s 'related systems', and that observable features can exist which cannot be derived within the scientific theory. However, this is just a descriptive problem arising due to restricting scientific theories to be in physically-real terms, and can be circumvented by the use of non-physically-real terms, which is shown to give a derivation of Quantum Theory. Incompleteness is also shown to be possible in scientific theories of living cells, ecosystems and the economies of nations. The impact on natural language descriptions of these systems is also considered.
Category: General Science and Philosophy
| Third-Party Links: |
|