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[13] viXra:2305.0155 [pdf] submitted on 2023-05-24 01:17:26
Authors: Wen-Xiang Chen
Comments: 3 Pages.
This paper investigates the potential connection between Fermat's Last Theorem and quantum gravity, aiming to bridge the gap between seemingly unrelated fields of mathematics and physics. Fermat's Last Theorem, formulated by Pierre de Fermat in the 17th century, states that no non-trivial solutions exist for the equation $x^n + y^n = z^n$, where n > 2 and x, y, z are integers. Its proof was established by Andrew Wiles in 1995. On the other hand, quantum gravity seeks to unify general relativity and quantum mechanics, describing gravity as a curvature of spacetime and the fundamental particles and forces that constitute the universe, respectively.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[12] viXra:2305.0145 [pdf] submitted on 2023-05-22 16:33:57
Authors: Christian Lembke
Comments: 7 Pages.
The size of the Planck area can be determined indirectly via the measured value of the gravitational constant. Its size is thus subject to the measurement accuracy of the gravitational constant. In this work, the Planck area is derived from the quantum geometry of theoretical black holes in the Planck scale range and will be calculated exactly as a physical constant.The exact value of the Planck area makes it possible to calculate the gravitational constant with the two known natural constants, reduced Planck constant and the speed of light.From the quantum geometric description of black holes, the radius to the surface of a black hole can be calculated.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[11] viXra:2305.0143 [pdf] replaced on 2023-05-31 07:06:58
Authors: Harsimran Singh Dhaliwal
Comments: 21 Pages.
The anomalous ecliptic aligned Quadrupole and Octopole in the Cosmic Microwave Background has symmetries with electron orbitals. Since electron orbitals are a quantum phenomena, the Axis of Evil may be revealing a relation with Quantum Gravity. The Axis of Evil may be local to the Solar System which would explain its alignment and may have a purpose rather than seeming Evil. The Quadrupole includes a doughnut shape with two lobes just like the 3dz2 electron orbital and may be revealing one of the gravity causing particle clouds of either the Sun or the Earth. The gravity causing particle clouds seen via the Axis of Evil may be negatively charged. Positively charged gravity causing particle clouds may exist within the Sun or the Earth that are the nucleus of the Axis of Evil. Gravity is excluded from the Weak Force, Strong Force and Electromagnetic Force currently. Quantum Gravity may operate using these forces resulting in a full unification where ordinary matter accelerates from higher potentials to lower potentials within the gravity causing particle cloud system via Electrostatic forces. The gravity causing particle clouds of a star, galaxy, or galaxy cluster may also accelerate towards lower potentials of its host’s even larger gravity causing particle cloud system. We may have been asking the wrong questions. Perhaps General Relativity was a correct approximation analogously via curvature and indirectly describes the other three forces on larger scales yet curvature is not be the real cause of Gravity. Instead we should have asked how can gravity work via the three forces. By using known science at smaller scales and applying it to larger scales especially where we have observational evidence of its manifestation such as the Axis of Evil, we can unify Gravity with the Weak force, Strong force and Electromagnetic force.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[10] viXra:2305.0138 [pdf] submitted on 2023-05-20 22:57:22
Authors: Stephane H. Maes
Comments: 33 Pages. All related details of the projects (and updates) can be found and followed at https://shmaesphysics.wordpress.com/shmaes-physics-site-navigation/.
Today, two distinct camps exist in the Physics community: those who believe in the asymptotic safe gravity program for gravity, and those who don’t. Not many physicists are undecided, even if those who claim not to care. It is a polarizing topic, and nobody seems to ever be really convinced by the arguments of the others. Add to this, the existential threat potentially posed by asymptotic safety to the physicality of supersymmetry, supergravity, superstrings, M-Theory, and many of the popular GUTs and TOEs out there, and one can understand why the question of asymptotic safety of gravity is often either viewed as critical, or dismissed as irrelevant. Yet, the asymptotic safety program has claimed indications that gravity may be asymptotically safe. So far, none are definitive, and most are derided by the other camp.In the context of the multi-fold theory, we have shown that multi-fold gravity is asymptotically safe. Using arguments, that gravity is 2D at small scales, something agreed upon by most consistent theories of quantum gravity, we inferred that gravity is most probably asymptotically safe, even in non-muti-fold universes, and yet, we could manage to save superstrings as relevant around that 2D regime, while (mathematically) living in a tangent dual space.More recent results reinterpret the double copy duality and behavior of Yang Mills scattering to i) defined new AdS/CFT dualities, ii) encounter gravity as part of Yang Mills theory, iii) and encounter the multi-fold theory in both Yang Mills Actions, and in M-theory, through the AdS/CFT correspondence conjecture. Part of these previous works led us to announce that the AdS/CFT correspondence conjecture implies that General Relativity (GR) — based gravity is indeed asymptotically safe in a 4D spacetime. In the present paper, we detail such a non-perturbative derivation for GR-based gravity, and for GR-based gravity with. It does not require faith into evolution of time series, 2D processes, nor a priori multi-fold assumptions. In other words, the proof applies to Einstein gravity, in general, for conventional Physics, as well as for multi-fold universes.The paper also discusses considerations on why arguments, presented so far, against the asymptotic safety of gravity program would have been flawed, and, in particular, it shows how our proof is not affected by the Gribov ambiguity concerns, which does not apply to gravity + SM or SMG matter. Also supersymmetric matter are not asymptotically safe in 4D. Higher dimensions are also confirmed incompatible.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[9] viXra:2305.0123 [pdf] submitted on 2023-05-17 07:49:29
Authors: Dong-Yih Bau
Comments: 11 Pages.
Einstein elevated objective science that strived for the highest good of humanity. He initiated an inter-realm reconciliation of religion and science. Following his work, we have defined two new scientific discoveries: cosmic inertia and the success/failure system. In this paper, we attempt to establish two reconciliations between religion and science: the coexistence of gods and cosmic inertia, and the agreement of the Bible with the success/failure system. The results of these reconciliations are that (1) gods of all religious traditions are without conflict and have the same empirical reference, that is, cosmic inertia, and (2) the Bible aligns with the goal created by the success/failure system. Einsteinian science supremely regards the true picture of the universe, which approaches the highest good of humanity. The ultimate absurdity of science is that the scientific community, including Nobel prize winners, can never fathom Einsteinian science nor reconcile religion and science; thus, science is stagnating! Notes on disseminating Einsteinian science with our work are provided.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[8] viXra:2305.0094 [pdf] replaced on 2025-03-18 20:47:30
Authors: Ken Gonder
Comments: 20 Pages. 12 Diagrams
Gravity and its unification with electromagnetism along with the other two assumed forces of nature, the strong and weak nuclear forces, is easily resolved by simply recognizing the broader implications of already well-established, widely held theory: Subatomic particles spontaneously condense out of the all-pervasive field of radiant electromagnetic energy that comprises the universe. This produces a commensurate decrease in the universal field's density that mostly occurs immediately around emerging particles that innately diffuses inward exponentially because of a field's uninterruptible continuity and a sphere's inherent geometry. This is what constitutes a particle and the bodies' they compose gravity field. Runaway gravitation naturally ensues as they mechanically pursue equilibrium in the ever-decreasing density of their ever-merging (electromagnetic) gravity fields.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[7] viXra:2305.0091 [pdf] submitted on 2023-05-12 00:05:57
Authors: Helmut Christian Schmidt
Comments: 16 Pages.
Nature can be understood as a set of rational numbers, Q. This is to be distinguished from how we see the world, a 3-dimensional space with time. Observations and Physics is the subset Q+. As described in the general relativity, 10 independent equations are required. The micro world also requires these ten parameters in quanta. This allows the description and simulation of nature as a polynomial of ten parameters P(2) Imagining a space with revolutions of 2π provides the basis for polynomials at P(2π). E.g.mneutron / me=(2π)4 +(2π)3+(2π)2-(2π)1-(2π)0-(2π)-1+2(2π)-2+2(2π)-4-2(2π)-6 +6(2π)-8 = 1838.6836611 measured: 1838.68366173(89) meThe charge operator for all particles is:C = -π+2π-1- π-3+2π-5-π-7+π-9- π-12 Together with the neutron mass, the result for the proton is:mproton=mneutron + C me= 1836.15267363 meFor an observer and two objects, from the torque and angular momentum alone, a common constant of h, G, and c can be derived, giving a ratio of meters and seconds:h G c5s8 /m10 √ (π4 -π2 -1/π-1/π3) = 1.00000 Fine structure constant: 1/α= π 4+ π 3+ π 2-1- π-1 + π-2-π-3 + π-7 - π-9- 2π-10-2π-11-2π-12 = 137.035999107The ratios of energies are raw natural data. The length and time are derived values. The calculations go beyond quantum theory and general relativity. E.g.2 π c m day = (Earth's diameter) 2Mond/(RErde + RMond) = 2^3/(2 π) rel. Fehler = 1,0001$Merkur:rApoapsis = 696342 km sqrt((2 π)^5 / 2 - (2 π)^4 /2 + (2 π)^3) = 46006512 km rel. Fehler = 1,0001 rPeriapsis /= 696342 km sqrt(2 π)^5 - 0*(2 π)^4 + (2 π) ^3) = 69775692 km rel. Fehler = 1,0005 rVenus / rMerkur = 6123,80 / 2448,57 = 2,5009
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[6] viXra:2305.0080 [pdf] submitted on 2023-05-10 00:38:16
Authors: J. W. A. Zwart
Comments: 13 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Future regurgitation/repetition will not be accepted)
In ref 1 the ground rules were derived which made it possible to calculate the dark matter radii other gravity exchange situations other than the one of the sun. The exchange balance for momentum between radial exchange due to the gravity at the gravity boundary and angular momentum for a time interval of the square root of the event horizon of a macro mass determines the radius of the dark matter rigid rotor maintained by magnetic flux in coherence. The physics of calculated dark matter radius is in fact a layer of group clusters at the outward boundary making the inner part of dark matter distribution like a hollow sphere without dark matter of which the dimension of the coherent cluster layer is equal to the rigid rotor radius. This radius is related in fact the echo distance as a fixed constant to the mass rotation of the macro body, planet moon or star maintaining the transfer of echo angular momentum to the equilibrium of the mass rotation. These calculations are done for Sun, Earth, Moon, Venus, Mercury and Jupiter giving a different insight than already guessed of how the dark matter medium influenced the formation of our planetary system.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[5] viXra:2305.0078 [pdf] submitted on 2023-05-09 01:15:06
Authors: J. W. A. Zwart
Comments: 6 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Future regurgitation/repetition will not be accepted)
The magnetic flux constant CH based on Hartree potential of the H atom is converted to the mediating mass of dark matter, is used to determine the momentary magnetic energy balance of the sun in which all atoms of the Sun’s macro mass are contributing in to Lamb’s shift parameters of Δλ = 5.1 10-7 m at a quantum step of 5.87 10-7 eV. The result of the balance gives a discrepancy of the summed input energy of all the atoms to the output one magnetic coherent energy of the magnetic strings of 21 cm suggesting the discrepancy to be a ratio of 4/3 = (√4/3)2. In the sense of physics it means that the angular momentum in coherence of the atoms to the dark matter medium complies to ½ c effective due to the pseudo cell maximum acceleration up to ½√2c. The other relativistic part of (m/mo) = √4/3 is apparently needed to maintain the coherent magnetic state.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[4] viXra:2305.0077 [pdf] submitted on 2023-05-08 12:48:24
Authors: Wim Vegt
Comments: 61 Pages. Gravitational-Electromagnetic Confinement of Light in Quantum Transitions
Albert Einstein has introduced a new understanding of light by introducing the concept of the "photon". This concept originated (1905) in Albert Einstein’s explanation of the photoelectric effect, in which he proposed the existence of discrete energy packets during the transmission of light. Because photons propagate with the speed of light, it is a necessary requirement that the rest-mass of photons equals zero. Recently experiments have resulted in the observation that the rest mass of a photon does not equal zero. [10]. Einstein’s solution to explain the interaction between gravity and light (particles with rest-mass zero, photons) was a curved space-time continuum. A Space-Time continuum curved due to a gravitational field. The assumption of the zero-mass of photons had been based on Maxwell’s assumption that electromagnetic waves do not carry mass and do not generate a gravitational field.This article describes a New Electromagnetic Field Theory. The foundation of this new theory is a 4-dimensional equilibrium in the Minkowski space, expressed by the Stress-Energy Tensor: in which expresses the density of the Electromagnetic Force 4-vector in the Minkowski Space (equation 45) and "a" varies from 1 until 4.Based on the 4-dimensional equilibrium in the Minkowski space (expressed by the Stress-Energy Tensor = ), Newton’s Classical Dynamics will be unified with Maxwell’s Electrodynamics, the 4-Dimensional Relativistic Dirac Equation (which is the foundation of Relativistic Quantum Physics) represents the classical relativistic Dirac Equation (54.1) and equals the 4th component of the density of the Force 4-vector in the Minkowski Space and Einstein’s General Relativity. Extending Newton’s 3-dimensional Equilibrium in Classical Mechanics into a model of confined electromagnetic energy within a 4-dimensional Equilibrium will unify Classical Mechanics with Relativistic Quantum Physics (4-dimensional Dirac Equation) and represents the mathematical solutions (equation 31) for the in 1955 by J. A. Wheeler already announced concept of Gravitational-Electromagnetic Confined GEONs. [1]The research has been focussed to unify the four fundamental theories in physics. Isaac Newton’s Classical Mechanics, James Clerk Maxwell’s Electrodynamics, Quantum Physics (Niels Bohr, Paul Dirac, Werner Heisenberg) and Albert Einstein’s Theory of General Relativity. These four fundamental theories also mark the different periods when they have been created and a fundamentally different way of thinking at those times. To unify these four principles of Physics, it is necessary to link electromagnetism and gravitation. Here it is proposed that the 2-dimensional confinement of electromagnetic radiation (a beam of light) creates its own gravitational field, and that field will interact with other gravitational fields. To illustrate the utility of this theory, an example has been discussed with regard to the measured gravitational redshift associated with Earth’s gravity. This Theory has been called "Quantum Light Theory". Theories which unify Quantum Physics and General Relativity, like "String Theory", predict the non-constancy of natural constants. Accurate observations of the NASA Messenger [11] observe in time a value for the gravitational constant "G" which constrains until ( /G to be < 4u2009×u200910-14 per year) . One of the characteristics of the New Theory is the "Constant Value" in time for the Gravitational Constant "G". A second experiment to test the New Theory is the effect of "Gravitational RedShift" [2].The "Gravitational RedShift" between an observatory on Earth (Radius = 6 106 [m]) and a Satellite in a Galileo Orbit (Radius = 23222 103 [m]) according "General Relativity": The "Gravitational RedShift" between an observatory on Earth (Radius = 6 106 [m]) and a Satellite in a Galileo Orbit (Radius = 23222 103 [m]) according "The Proposed Theory":
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[3] viXra:2305.0065 [pdf] submitted on 2023-05-08 02:53:11
Authors: Harsimran Singh Dhaliwal
Comments: 69 Pages.
Planets, stars, galaxies and galaxy clusters have their own massive particle clouds which have the same shapes as electron orbital clouds however at cosmic scales and are the cause of gravity. We will refer to these particle clouds as space time particle clouds. Large scale space time particle clouds can be seen indirectly through gravitational lensing. Dark Matter observations through lensing are actually the measurements of these space time particle cloud which have electron orbital cloud shapes. These space time particle clouds can also be seen through CMB maps. The Axis of Evil which is named that because it may invalidate many theories because it is aligned with the ecliptic reveals the space time particle clouds of either the Sun or the Earth. Each multipole belonging to the Axis of Evil such as the quadrupole and the octopole are each either the space time particle cloud of the Sun or the Earth and they have the same three dimensional shape as 3d and 2p electron cloud orbitals however may be related to other electron orbital shapes. Our place in the universe is not special which the Axis of Evil was thought to convey. The CMB Dipole is aligned with the Axis of Evil also and this may be the space time particle cloud of either the Earth or the Sun and has the 2p electron orbital cloud shape or related to that of an electron cloud shape with two large lobes. Since the field of view of the CMB satellite always faces away from the Sun with the Earth in between, the Sun’s space time particle cloud could have seemed like it was centered around the Earth if one or more multipole moments aligned with the ecliptic are the space time particle cloud/s of the Sun. However it is possible one more of these multipole moments are the Earth’s space time particle cloud as well. The Axis of Evil and the Dipole are local phenomena related to the Earth and or the Sun which is why we do not see any gravitational lensing effects upon them from foreground objects. (Truncated by viXra Admin to fewer than 400 words).
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2] viXra:2305.0028 [pdf] submitted on 2023-05-04 00:53:58
Authors: Lachlan Madden
Comments: 17 Pages.
This paper investigates what "everything" is, or, at the very least, offers on interpretation of "everything". A hypothesis has been formed to explain "everything", based on a paradoxical linguistic and mathematical equation, and under the assumption that everything is a paradox. Given this apparent paradox, this paper suggests that there is a fundamental contradiction that lies at the core of quantum mechanics. This contradiction can then be used to describe the non-quantum yet quantum universe. Therefore, this paper simultaneously will and will not try to explain "everything". An investigation into the dimensions of the universe is conducted, suggesting that no-dimension, is the all-dimension, what the cosmological singularity is, based on the cyclical model of the universe, what causes the cosmological singularity, what determines whether a quantum system is a wave or a particle, or a wave-particle. It describes what the forces are and the qualities and quantity of forces, suggesting everything is a force, and that the force of everything is a permanent "hyper-force" from which all "hyper-forces" stem, and offering a hierarchy of the universal forces based on brain structure and the senses of the brain, suggesting that the model of the brain shares symmetry with the model of the universal forces. The interpretation further suggests that the non-quantum model of the brain is the model of the non-quantum universe, and the quantum model of the brain is the model of the quantum universe (quantum forces). This paper also investigates whether the universe has a parallel universe, based on an understanding of the suggested hypothesis of force hierarchy, and suggests a hypothesis for quantum gravity and what it stems from, based on hypothetical brain structure. This paper also puts forth a hypothesis for evolution, suggesting there may be an "evolutionary singularity", and tries to explain the "code" of evolution.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[1] viXra:2305.0013 [pdf] replaced on 2023-06-06 07:09:57
Authors: Ivo Van Der Rijt
Comments: 1 Page.
This paper describes various ways of supervision inside (and of) a economic system that is not derived on a debt based money system.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
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