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[9] viXra:2105.0164 [pdf] submitted on 2021-05-28 18:28:11
Authors: Peter Cameron
Comments: 30 Pages. presented to the recent CERN-sponsored workshop https://cerncourier.com/a/accelerators-meet-gravitational-waves/ [Corrections made by viXra Admin to conform with the requirements on the Submission Form]
Standard practice takes spacetime characteristic impedance to be c^3/G ~ 10^35 kg/s, and assumes that it is scale invariant. However, it is easy to show that this value applies at the Planck length, and not necessarily at scales of interest to the experimentalist. Given that impedance matching governs amplitude and phase of energy/information transmission, quantization of wavefunction interaction impedances is of particular interest in design of storage ring gravitational wave detectors and sources.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[8] viXra:2105.0152 [pdf] submitted on 2021-05-25 13:03:23
Authors: Philip Gibbs
Comments: 7 Pages.
After decades of study, string theory still lacks a formulation which is non-perturbative, background independent and duality invariant. The free Lie algebra can be resolved into cyclic structures which can be mapped onto a closed string-like state in a given background. From this observation the idea that string theories may be reformulated in background free algebraic terms is explored.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[7] viXra:2105.0136 [pdf] submitted on 2021-05-23 12:30:41
Authors: Stephane H. Maes
Comments: 16 Pages. All related details of the projects(and updates) can be found and followed at https://shmaesphysics.wordpress.com/shmaes-physics-site-navigation/.
In a multi-fold universe, gravity emerges from Entanglement through the multi-fold mechanisms. As a result, gravity-like effects appear in between entangled particles; that they be real or virtual. Long range, massless gravity results from entanglement of massless virtual particles. Entanglement of massive virtual particles leads to massive gravity contributions at very smalls scales. Multi-folds mechanisms also result into a spacetime that is discrete, with a random walk fractal structure, and non-commutative geometry, that is Lorentz invariant, and where spacetime locations, and particles, can be modeled with microscopic black holes. All these recover General relativity at large scales, and semi-classical models remain valid till smaller scale than usually expected. Gravity can therefore be added to the Standard Model. It can contribute to resolving several open issues with the Standard Model without new Physics other than gravity. These considerations hint at an even stronger relationship between gravity and the Standard Model.
In our original work on multi-fold universe, we derived area laws for black hole, and considerations on the black hole paradoxes. Our analysis of evolution of charged black holes was used to derive a new unification model based on democracy of forces and particles: the Ultimate Unification (UU), significantly different from conventional GUTs. The discrete structure of spacetime, and multi-fold mechanisms, also ensure the absence of gravitational or cosmological singularities
Recently, progress has been made with conventional modeling of black holes, and with the AdS/CFT conjecture, it is believed to be very close to demonstrate a resolution (and/or the absence) of the information paradox. Something we had already hinted. Doing so, they also added to the modeling of the interior of black holes based on quantum considerations.
Considering how we have so far been able to recover many conventional models in multi-fold universes, typically with variations, factual statements, and physical (and often microscopic) explanations of the effects, this paper is focused on deriving the equivalent model for the interior and evolution of black holes. It includes recovering the Page curve for multi-fold black holes, the quantum extremal surface inside a black hole, and resolution of the information paradox with a solution consistent with the conventional approach, but in 4D, and without dependency on the AdS/CFT correspondence, or the ER=EPR conjectures, and its wormholes. This last statement about dependencies is not totally honest, as the latter two conjectures are inherently factual in multi-fold universes, and multi-fold may be, or correspond to, wormholes.
Anecdotally, we also obtain, that black holes behave as if they had singularities, despite the absence of singularity in a multi-fold universe. The quantum extremal surface plays a key role in significant recovery of information, and in explaining the Page curve, although different from conventional models.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[6] viXra:2105.0094 [pdf] submitted on 2021-05-17 18:41:29
Authors: George Bailey
Comments: Dirac's LNH confirmation, 13 pages
Paul Dirac noticed that the ratio between the dimensions of the universe (visible size and age) and the protons (diameter, duration of the passage of light through the proton) constitutes a large number of about 10^40. And that the ratio of the gravitational force and the electromagnetic force between an electron and a proton is roughly the same. From this he deduced that the strength of gravity is inversely proportional to the age of the universe. He could only make a rough estimate, because of course he did not yet know the more precise value of 13.8 billion years world age assumed today. Especially the evaluation of the data from the Planck space telescope has produced this value in the last 10 years.
So today we are in a position for a more detailed evaluation.
We will show that gravity could result from an universal time-energy uncertainty relation if we assume that the universe's age is 13.8 billion years. Furthermore we will give by this approach a precise and straightforward formula for the gravitational constant G without magic factors, powers or roots.
Finally, we want to describe an approach with which the gravity can be explained as an asymmetry of attractive and repulsive electromagnetic forces by the fact that in a finite universe with age T(u) there can be no electromagnetic interactions with frequencies smaller than the reciprocal of T(u).
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[5] viXra:2105.0090 [pdf] replaced on 2021-06-23 15:43:26
Authors: Lucian M Ionescu
Comments: 11 pages. Old title was changed
Gravity is not a fundamental force; in a nut-shell it is the result of a non-commutative interaction of the electric'' (i.e. Coulomb type) fractional charges of the proton and neutron U(1) neutral when compensated by the electronic cloud. This is no longer true at the SU(2) Electroweak level, once spherical symmetry is broken to a finite Platonic group of symmetry within it. The fine splitting of energy levels due to the SU(2) structure of the electric charge can be controlled using a MASER to invert the population and orient the nuclei the right way to reduce and turn-off Gravity.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[4] viXra:2105.0063 [pdf] submitted on 2021-05-11 00:09:54
Authors: Dong-Yih Bau
Comments: 11 Pages.
A theory of the universe has yet to be uncovered because nature is not merely mechanical. We thus promote Einstein’s cosmos and principle theory, which we believe will lead the scientific community to the elusive pinnacle of science: a final theory of the universe. We first discuss the two scientific methods of Einstein’s principle theory and Newton’s mechanical universe and how they overcome the antithesis between empiricism and rationalism. We then apply these two methods to solve the problem of the universe as a (unified) whole. We demonstrate why Einstein’s principle theory subsumes the mechanical universe and, subsequently, how Einstein’s method can address this problem while Newton’s method cannot. The goals of this paper are not only to promote Einstein’s science, but also to begin to resolve the mysteries of the universe as a whole. We sincerely invite the scientific community to pursue principle theory and Einstein’s cosmos collectively.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[3] viXra:2105.0042 [pdf] submitted on 2021-05-08 22:31:12
Authors: Stephane H. Maes
Comments: 4 Pages. All related details of the projects(and updates) can be found and followed at https://shmaesphysics.wordpress.com/shmaes-physics-site-navigation/.
In a multi-fold universe, gravity emerges from entanglement through the multi-fold mechanisms. As a result, gravity-like effects appear in-between entangled particles or regions. No New Physics is introduced in terms of new particles beyond the Standard Model or modifying long range gravity: only the modeling of gravity as emerging from entanglement, in a multi-fold universe.
The observations of the existence of low mass galaxies, with excess of dark matter, in some cases, and with deficits in dark matters in others, were presented as proof that dark matter exists as cold dark matter. This paper shows that multi-fold dark matter effects of entanglement can explain the observations and are not in any ways weakened. Of course, it is to be added with the other examples, where our models explain dark matter, and galaxy behaviors, better than conventional explanations, and without requiring New Physics.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2] viXra:2105.0041 [pdf] submitted on 2021-05-08 23:09:55
Authors: Stephane H. Maes
Comments: 4 Pages. All related details of the projects (and updates) can be found and followed at https://shmaesphysics.wordpress.com/shmaes-physics-site-navigation/.
In a multi-fold universe, gravity emerges from entanglement through the multi-fold mechanisms. As a result, gravity-like effects appear in-between entangled particles or regions. No New Physics is introduced in terms of new particles beyond the Standard Model or modifying long range gravity: only the modeling of gravity as emerging from entanglement, in a multi-fold universe.
The discovery of early supermassive black holes raises questions of how they could have formed 13 billion years ago. In this paper, we propose a way that can contribute to an explanation in multi-fold universes, with multi-fold dark matter effects due to entanglement.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[1] viXra:2105.0013 [pdf] submitted on 2021-05-04 21:27:11
Authors: Stephane H. Maes
Comments: 22 Pages. All related details of the projects (and updates) can be found and followed at https://shmaesphysics.wordpress.com/shmaes-physics-site-navigation/.
This paper provides a synopsis and review of the multi-fold theory in preparation for more detailed reviews lectures and books.
In a multi-fold universe, gravity emerges from Entanglement through the multi-fold mechanisms. As a result, gravity-like effects appear in between entangled particles that they be real or virtual. Long range, massless gravity results from entanglement of massless virtual particles. Entanglement of massive virtual particles leads to massive gravity contributions at very smalls scales. Multi-folds mechanisms also result into a spacetime that is discrete, with a random walk fractal structure and non-commutative geometry that is Lorentz invariant and where spacetime nodes and particles can be modeled with microscopic black holes. All these recover General Relativity (GR) at large scales and semi-classical model remain valid till smaller scale than usually expected. Gravity can therefore be added to the Standard Model resulting into what we defined as SMG. This can contribute to resolving several open issues with the Standard Model without new Physics other than gravity. These considerations hints at a even stronger relationship between gravity and the Standard Model.
Among the multi-fold SMG discoveries, the apparition of an-always in-flight, and hence non-interacting, right-handed neutrinos, coupled to the Higgs boson is quite notable. It is supposedly always around right-handed neutrinos, due to chirality flips by gravity of the massless Weyl fermions, induced by 7D space time matter models and hidden behind the Higgs boson or field at the entry points and exit points of the multi-folds. Massless Higgs bosons modeled as minimal microscopic black holes mark concretized spacetime location. They can condensate into Dirac Kerr-Newman soliton Qballs to produce massive and charged particles, thereby providing a microscopic explanation for a Higgs driven inflation, the electroweak symmetry breaking, the Higgs mechanism, the mass acquisition and the chirality of fermions and spacetime; all resulting from the multi-fold gravity electroweak symmetry breaking.
The multi-fold theory has also concrete implications on New Physics.
We see this paper as a draft to collect comment and feedback as we evolve it towards a fuller publication.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
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