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[14] viXra:2008.0230 [pdf] submitted on 2020-08-31 20:06:49
Authors: Massimo Croce
Comments: 13 Pages.
Main current theories and their limits: Theory of Relativity, Quantum Mechanics, Analysis of the limits of theories, "Indefinite" issues:
Physical Nature of Time, Missing mass and "dark matter”, Mode of energy transmission, "Empty" space.
Premises: Methodological approach, Composition, Quantity and Principle of conservation, Principle of Stability and Minimum Consumption, Definition of "infinite": space, Definition of "infinite": time, Definition of "infinitesimal".
The "Plastic spacetime" and "not-Gravity": Basic assumptions:
Continuous versus discrete, Infinitesimal limit,
Basic element, Plastic spacetime:
Plasticity, Transmission of energy, Space, Time,
not-Gravity, Consequences:
Premise, Universal gravitational field, Gravitational waves, Dark matter, Light speed, Physical constants.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[13] viXra:2008.0215 [pdf] submitted on 2020-08-29 19:50:25
Authors: Eran Sinbar
Comments: 3 Pages.
Based on Bekenstein and Hawking, the black hole maximal entropy , the maximum amount of information that a black hole can absorb, beyond its event horizon is proportional to the area of its event horizon surface divided by quantized area units, in the scale of Planck area (the square of Planck length).[1] . This article suggests the following new information paradox, in which a box with the Schrodinger’s cat thought experiment passes the black hole event horizon towards the black hole singularity.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[12] viXra:2008.0176 [pdf] submitted on 2020-08-23 10:37:12
Authors: John Peel
Comments: 8 Pages. More material in previous papers on vixra
Epimorphisms are used (to the best of the authors knowledge) to describe the interaction between geometries and awareness. Again the Generalised Lagrangian Operator is used (see previous papers) The connection to quantum gravity is that of geometries being aware of each other. That consciousness can be defined in a few different manners should be investigated. There may not be one all encompassing definition.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[11] viXra:2008.0173 [pdf] submitted on 2020-08-23 10:50:37
Authors: Michael John Sarnowski
Comments: Pages.
This paper proposes an equation for the fine structure constant, and relativistic contribution to the inverse fine structure constant. This relativistic contribution gives a prediction of the fine structure constant within one sigma of the fine structure constant and accuracy to 11 digits. In “The Aether Found, Discrete Calculations of Charge and Gravity with Planck Spinning Spheres and Kaluza Spinning Spheres” (1), it was shown that spinning spheres can unite the gravitational and electromagnetic force with spinning spheres. The equation 4, developed in “The Aether Found, Discrete Calculations of Charge and Gravity with Planck Spinning Spheres and Kaluza Spinning Spheres” can be used to predict a value of the fine structure constant constant. This constant is found to depend only on pi and the ratios of the rest masses of the electron, neutron, and proton.
This paper proposes an equation for the fine structure constant, and relativistic contribution to the fine structure constant. This relativistic contribution gives a prediction of the fine structure constant within one sigma of the fine structure constant and correlation to 10 digits.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[10] viXra:2008.0116 [pdf] submitted on 2020-08-16 07:36:13
Authors: Michael A. Ivanov
Comments: 5 Pages. Contribution to the 14th International Conference on Gravitation, Astrophysics and Cosmology (ICGAC14), 17 – 21 August 2020, Jhongli, Taiwan
The desire to quantize general relativity to unify it with quantum mechanics gave not very much
up to now; some predicted effects lie very far in the Planck scale to be observed in the
foreseeable future. The situation is different in the model of low-energy quantum gravity by
the author where some known effects (such as the cosmological redshift) may be interpreted as
results of the interaction of gravitons with photons or bodies. The Newton constant G may
be computed in the model that makes it principally underlying for general relativity.
Important features of the model and some possibilities to verify it at present are discussed
here.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[9] viXra:2008.0090 [pdf] submitted on 2020-08-13 12:21:32
Authors: T C Andersen
Comments: 7 Pages. Essay written for the Gravity Research Foundation 2020 Awards for Essays on Gravitation.
Simplified toy theories abound in theoretical physics. These toy models are ex- tremely useful. An example is N = 4 supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory. In this toy model alone, tens of thousands of papers have been published, some cited thousands of times. This essay proposes that physicists consider studying "N=4 General Relativity" as a toy model. This 'Only Gravity' toy model uses Einstein's field equations on their own in the hope that ignoring complicated interactions of gravity with other fields (electromagnetism, etc) and physical theories (quantum mechanics, QFT, etc) may paradoxically help us understand more about quantum gravity.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[8] viXra:2008.0075 [pdf] replaced on 2020-10-25 19:32:11
Authors: Manfred U.E. Pohl
Comments: 5 Pages.
Within “Solution to the Problem of Time I, II, III, IV, V and VI, [1,2,3,4] the author showed the idea to step forward to a fresh new mathematics, that advance on Incompleteness by Gödel and General Relativity of Einstein by using a relational mathematics as it was used in ancient Egypt (Rhind-Papyrus).
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[7] viXra:2008.0063 [pdf] replaced on 2021-03-25 02:53:52
Authors: Michael John Sarnowski
Comments: 23 Pages.
We found that Cherenkov radiation and Bremsstrahlung equations could give us the mass ratio of the proton to the neutron. The Cherenkov radiation is to the 9th power as if there are levels to the universe.
In the first part of this paper, we revisit the equations for the proton neutron mass ratio, in the second part we show how this can applied to the leptons electron, muon, and tau and how the electron, muon, and tauon may come about by dark photons changing orbitals.
The proton neutron mass ratio has serendipitously been found. When a charged particle travels faster than light, it emits Cherenkov radiation. When a charged particle is accelerated it emits a braking radiation called Bremsstrahlung. Inside a proton are the many configurations of the nucleons. It is proposed here, and likely proposed by others that there may be some equivalent process that there is a constant acceleration of charged particles or superluminal movement of charged particles that causes the mass of the proton or other particles.
It is proposed that the ratios of the masses of particles to the mass of the neutron is related to ratio of the Bremsstrahlung to the Bremsstrahlung where velocity is parallel to acceleration.
In the case of the mass ratio of the proton to the neutron, the possible form of the equation was found first. This paper is an attempt of an explanation and derivation for the equation that very closely, within the known Codata 2014 mass ratio of the proton to the neutron, gives the mass ratio of the proton to the neutron. An equation is developed below that uses the coupling dependence and Cherenkov radiation angles summing the radiation angles from to angles, assuming an ideal case of a non-dispersive medium (where phase and group velocity are the same(14), and integrating through what may appear to be multiple levels of dimensions. This equation then uses a component of Bremsstrahlung radiation and proposes that there may be some relationship to both Bremsstrahlung radiation and Cherenkov type radiation within the nucleons that causes some type of resonance that stabilizes the masses of the fundamental particles, which is further proposed to be a function of an orbital type structure of the nucleons. This resonance is potentially demonstrated for a proton.
The Leptons may use the same Bremsstrahlung Cherenkov radiation for setting up stable resonances for their mass ratios to the neutron. What we see is that the masses of the leptons, may be a mass that only becomes evident when a dark photon jumps from one orbital to another. Each particle would have its own dark photon. These may be the super symmetric particles that are proposed in string theory, but particles may have corresponding dark photons.
This is a continuation of Sarnowski’s Spinning Sphere Theory for the construction of the universe.
We also find that dark bosons can combine to form particles.
There is a mystery in particle physics. What is the reason for the generations? What is the reason for the masses of the particles in the Standard Model. This paper shows that spinning sphere theory may explain the reason for the generations. In spinning sphere theory our universe starts with one particle for zero-dimensional point. Two particles for a one-dimensional string that corresponds to the Muon, Six particles for a two-dimensional ring, corresponding to the electron. 42 particles for the 2nd layer of a cuboctahedron for a three-dimensional particle, corresponding to the tauon.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[6] viXra:2008.0059 [pdf] submitted on 2020-08-09 13:33:37
Authors: Christopher Pilot
Comments: 32 Pages.
We are assuming a Winterberg model for space where the vacuum consists of a very stiff two component superfluid made up of positive and negative mass planckions. This vast assembly (sea), of positive and negative mass particles, creates an ether-like medium, the vacuum, which is macroscopically massless, has zero net gravitational pressure, and zero net entropy, in the undisturbed state. Q theory is the hypothesis, presented here for the first time, that Planck charge, q_Pl , was created at the same time as Planck mass. Moreover, the repulsive force that like-mass planckions experience is, in reality, due to the electrostatic force of repulsion between like charges. These forces also give rise to what appears to be a gravitational force of attraction between two like planckions, but this is an illusion. In reality, gravity is electrostatic in origin if our model is correct. We determine the spring constant associated with planckion masses, and find that, κ=4 ζ(3)ħc n_+ (0) , where ζ(3) equals Apery's constant, 1.202…, and, n_+ (0)=n_- (0) , is the relaxed, i.e., g ⃗=0 , number density of the positive and negative mass planckions. In the present epoch, we estimate that, n_+ (0) equals, 7.848 E54 m^(-3), and the relaxed distance of separation between nearest neighbor positive, or negative, planckion pairs is, l_+ (0)=l_- (0)=5.032 E-19 meters. These values were determined using box quantization for the positive and negative mass planckions, and considering transitions between energy states, much like as in the hydrogen atom. For the cosmos as a whole, given a net smeared macroscopic gravitational field of, (g_0 ) ̅=2.387 E-9, due to all the ordinary, and bound, matter contained within the observable universe (the Hubble radius), an average displacement from equilibrium for the planckion masses is a mere 7.566 E-48 meters, within the vacuum made up of these particles. On the surface of the earth, where, g=9.81 m/s^2, the displacement amounts to, 7.824 E-38 meters. All of these displacements are due to increased gravitational pressure within the vacuum, which in turn are caused by applied gravitational fields. The gravitational potential is also derived and directly related to gravitational pressure.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[5] viXra:2008.0057 [pdf] submitted on 2020-08-09 10:37:22
Authors: John Peel
Comments: 5 Pages. See previous papers
Here the author again uses the fundamental equation of duality and its meaning, related to decisions. There may be hidden variables affecting the universe(s). See previous papers for more information. Essentially we can manipulate the fundamental equation of duality to show how forces, energies (etc) and lengths are related. Continuity is used frequently in these papers and this is related to the Generalised Lagrangian Operator which connects Energy, logic and the necessary structures.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[4] viXra:2008.0053 [pdf] replaced on 2020-11-07 20:14:26
Authors: Dirk J. Pons
Comments: 28 Pages. PUBLISHED AS: Pons, D.J., Towards unification of fundamental interactions using non-local hidden-variable theory. Journal of Modern Physics, 2020. 11(10): p. 1598-1619. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2020.1110100
Problem: In principle there might be a single deeper mechanism underlying the fundamental interactions at both the extremely small scale of particles, and the large scale of gravitation. However it is unclear what form such a theory might take, as the obvious candidates have not yet been successful. Purpose: This work constructs a conceptual framework for the interactions from a non-local hidden-variable (NLHV) perspective, specifically the Cordus NLHV theory. Findings: All the interactions can be attributed to the discrete force emissions from the particle, more specifically from the different attributes thereof. Thus the electrostatic appears to arise from the direct linear effect of the discrete forces; magnetic from bending of the flux tube; gravitation from handed energisation sequence; strong from the synchronisation of emissions; and weak from rearrangement of discrete force emissions hence remanufacturing of particle identity. Originality: An explanation is provided for all the interactions based on non-local hidden-variable theory. Apart from the concept of the discrete force, and its multiple attributes, no new particles or bosons are required.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[3] viXra:2008.0025 [pdf] submitted on 2020-08-05 04:53:20
Authors: Michael John Sarnowski
Comments: 4 Pages.
There is a mystery in particle physics. What is the reason for the generations? What is the reason for the masses of the particles in the Standard Model. This paper shows that spinning sphere theory may explain the reason for the generations. In spinning sphere theory our universe starts with one particle for zero-dimensional point. Two particles for a one-dimensional string that corresponds to the Muon, Six particles for a two-dimensional ring, corresponding to the electron. 42 particles for the 2nd layer of a cuboctahedron for a three-dimensional particle, corresponding to the tauon. This paper specifically focuses on the muon. More papers will come for the electron and the tauon.
This paper finds that the masses of the 2nd and 3rd generation particles, for the leptons, are related to the ratio of energies jumping from one orbital to another orbital. These are not the orbitals of the proton electron orbitals, but rather within their own fields. They could be orbitals within the leptons themselves.
This theory also proposes that, like De Broglie waves, where matter has wave like properties, there are dark orbitals, where jumping between orbital becomes the matter that we observe when the wave function collapses. This theory of dark orbitals comes directly from the prediction for the masses of particles.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[2] viXra:2008.0019 [pdf] replaced on 2020-08-05 11:52:08
Authors: Espen Gaarder Haug
Comments: 5 Pages.
We will here show that there is one more relativistic wave equation rooted in the relativistic energy Compton moment relation, which should not be confused with the standard relativistic energy momentum relation. The standard momentum is, from a quantum perspective, rooted in the de Broglie wave. The de Broglie wave is not mathematically defined for rest-mass particles and has strange properties such as converging to infinity when the particle is almost at rest. As mentioned in the previous paper, the de Broglie wave is likely just a mathematical derivative of the true matter wave, which we have good reasons to think is the Compton wave. A wave equation that satisfies the relativistic energy Compton momentum relation will, in addition automatically satisfy the standard relativistic energy momentum relation, so there is no conflict between these two relations. The new one related to Compton is just the deeper reality and help explain why it gives simpler and more elegant relativistic wave equations, which are likely easier to interpret in terms of the physical reality.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
[1] viXra:2008.0017 [pdf] submitted on 2020-08-02 22:11:48
Authors: John Peel
Comments: 5 Pages. see earlier papers under the author.
For consciousness the author believes reality is a series of “slices” extending in all directions, forming a sum. Using a formula for frequency in terms of velocity and displacement it is possible to tie this with wave functions/ Eulers identity, such that decisions are made in the Logical Space (I) , decisions (D), Reality (P) , awareness ( C ) and Anti – information (A).
If we trust the heuristic that, for indistinguishable processes we add amplitudes, and for distinguishable processes – add probabilities, further results may follow.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
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