| viXra.org > Quantitative Biology > 2006 |
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| viXra.org > Quantitative Biology > 2006 |
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[4] viXra:2006.0142 [pdf] submitted on 2020-06-16 08:02:10
Authors: Arturo Tozzi
Comments: 5 Pages.
We suggest that the SARS-Cov-2 particles emerging from the cells of elder or pediatric hosts are phenotypically different, because they are equipped with a slightly different envelope. This might contribute to the well-documented variations of COVID-19 symptoms severity in populations of different ages.
Category: Quantitative Biology
[3] viXra:2006.0115 [pdf] submitted on 2020-06-14 11:40:42
Authors: NamHyok KIM，GyuSol Han，UnChol Ri
Comments: 3 Pages.
From March 2010 to October 2015, microsurgical vas deferens epididymis anastomosis used to treat 25 cases of epididymis obstructive azoospermia. And postoperative recanalization and sperm motility were analyzed. The patients were routinely examined for semen at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after the operation, and the sperm density (82.6 ± 22.8) × 106 / ml when the sperm first discovered and the activity rate was (35.1 ± 8 .5) %, sperm motility a grade ratio is 16.0%, b grade ratio is 32.0%, c grade ratio is 40.0%, d grade ratio is 12.0%, surgical recanalization rate is 92. 0%. There were 16 cases of spouse pregnancy 1 year after surgery. Microsurgical vas deferens epididymal duct anastomosis is effective in treating epididymal obstructive azoospermia.
Category: Quantitative Biology
[2] viXra:2006.0055 [pdf] replaced on 2022-05-10 07:24:57
Authors: Nicholas Hoggard
Comments: 37 Pages.
There have been twelve occasions in the history of life on Earth when new ways of transmitting information to future generations have arisen. There are 2 biological mechanisms: Asexual Reproduction, and Sexual Reproduction. These are followed by no less than 7 cultural methods, all of them forms of intentional teaching of skills and/or language. Finally there are (so far) 3 information technology methods: Written language, Movable-type Printing, and Computers.
Remarkably, when dates are assigned to these events, they are consistent with the pattern of a period-doubling cascade described by Chaos Theory, the time between each event getting shorter by a factor which converges to 4.66920… a number known as the Universal Feigenbaum constant Delta.
Cherry-picking of data is not applicable because the 2 biological events are well known, and the 7 levels of teaching have been arrived at by studying the development of tools by early humans and without regard for dates. The information technology events reinforce the pattern.
Period-doubling cascades can be found in many phenomena in nature and apply to nonlinear iterative processes with limited resources. The period-doubling pattern in the evolution of intelligent life on Earth can be explained if the bifurcations are interpreted as population size, and if the bifurcation parameter is Darwinian fitness, and if fitness increases with complexity which in turn increases with time. Nonlinearities in these relationships do not necessarily affect the result.
Also, studies showing that rates of genetic change and speciation are largely unaffected by climate support the idea that a regular pattern is possible.
Darwinian evolution fits the definition of a nonlinear iterated process, which explains why evolution can behave as a period-doubling system, generating self-similar structures – in this case, new information channels – in a predetermined time sequence. The bifurcations (population instabilities) can be explained by each new information channel increasing the organism’s speed of adaptation, which gives a fitness advantage, but also causes overconsumption of ecosystem resources, destabilizing the population level.
There have been 12 new information channels so far, but the pattern implies that more will appear, until the intervals approach zero in the relatively near future. The process governing the evolution of Life on Earth may be the same process that governed the physical evolution of the universe.
Category: Quantitative Biology
[1] viXra:2006.0011 [pdf] replaced on 2020-06-29 20:33:02
Authors: Edward J Steele, Robyn A Lindley
Comments: 35 Pages. Accepted for publication
This paper reports the results of our initial analysis of APOBEC and ADAR deaminase-mediated mutation signa-ture patterns in complete COVID-19 genomes from informative locations and times in China, USA and Spain in the 2019-2020 pandemic. We have identified a unique set of 'new' putative coordinated Riboswitches in COVID-19 genomes not previously identified, and likely generating variants of the known common strain Haplotypes now in circulation. The results reveal that COVID-19 diversifies using switching of RNA Haplotypes with mini-mal alteration to protein structure (the normal targets for B and T cells in conventional vaccine development). The deaminase-driven RNA Haplotypes are most likely aligned with RNA secondary structures. Several stud-ies already highlight how Riboswitches alter the ability of RNA to fold into intricate three-dimensional structures allowing them to execute their diverse cellular functions. The same functional outcomes are expected for viruses, particularly efficacy of RNA replication in new host cell environments. Thus, vaccine designs that assume that the main viral protein antigens will be the only putative protective targets could fail to produce effective and protective immunity. We conclude that understanding COVID-19 adaptation and survival strategy and identifying the host Haplotype, and which vaccine(s) is effective for each Haplotype group will be important for new vaccine design.
Category: Quantitative Biology
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