| viXra.org > Nuclear and Atomic Physics > 2608 |
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| viXra.org > Nuclear and Atomic Physics > 2608 |
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[2] viXra:2608.0059 [pdf] submitted on 2026-08-16 18:17:16
Authors: Adriana Mišúthová, Zuzana Lukačová, Ramin Mehrabifard, Zdenko Machala
Comments: 38 Pages.
Cold atmospheric plasma generates reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) that dissolve in water, forming plasma-activated water (PAW) and inducing complex chemical changes and biological responses. PAW, enriched with nitrogen (N) species, emerges as a sustainable alternative to fertilisers by combining signalling (ROS) and N supplementation (RNS). This study aims to investigate the dual role of PAW in lettuce, Lactuca sativa (cv. Matilda), grown under either N-sufficient or N-deprived half-strength Hoagland solutions. Four treatments were evaluated: control, seed priming in PAW-activated Hoagland, PAW-activated Hoagland cultivation, and the combination of the latter two, under both N-content regimes.Under N-sufficient conditions, seed priming in PAW increased the lettuce head fresh weight up to 40%, chlorophyll a+b by 25%, and the sensory scores (freshness, juiciness), compared to the control. Under N-deprived conditions, PAW partially compensated for N-deficiency, increased the plant growth up to 50%, photosynthetic pigments and quercetin (up to 20%), and antioxidant enzymes (e.g., APX and G-POX increased up to 2x). Principal component analysis confirmed N-content as the primary variance driver (PC1 69—71%), with PAW modulating redox homeostasis tissue-specificity.Our results demonstrate the capacity of PAW to enhance plant growth, metabolism, and quality, even in N-deprived conditions, to address gaps in plasma agriculture by highlighting the PAW nutritional and signalling contributions. PAW thus represents a promising, eco-friendly strategy.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics
[1] viXra:2608.0010 [pdf] submitted on 2026-08-02 09:14:48
Authors: Yuanjie Huang
Comments: 29 Pages.
A long-standing puzzle in plasma physics is the universally fast rate of magnetic reconnection, observed to be of order 0.1 across diverse environments yet unexplained by classical resistive magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). We propose a new analytical model for two-dimensional steady-state reconnection based on two concepts: the magnetic moment force as the gyro-averaged Lorentz force, and the semi-free electron constraint arising from quasi-neutrality. We show that the inflow is driven by the magnetic moment force rather than resistive diffusion, while the outflow is governed by the ion pressure gradient. The model yields a closed-form reconnection rate that depends only on the electron-to-ion temperature ratio and ion charge state, independent of system size, field strength, density, and resistivity. For a thermal equilibrium hydrogen plasma, the rate is approximately 0.2, consistent with satellite observations and simulations. The model also reproduces the bipolar electrostatic field at the current sheet center. Compared with Sweet-Parker, Petschek, and Hall-MHD models, our framework offers a first-principles kinetic explanation for the universal reconnection rate. Finally, we propose a corresponding modification to the two-fluid MHD equations, removing the electron pressure gradient and replacing the Lorentz force with the magnetic moment force.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics
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