| viXra.org > Nuclear and Atomic Physics > 2304 |
 |
 |
| viXra.org > Nuclear and Atomic Physics > 2304 |
|
|
[13] viXra:2304.0186 [pdf] submitted on 2023-04-24 20:30:33
Authors: Alan M. Kadin
Comments: 22 Pages. Poster Presented at APS April 2023 Meeting
When nuclear structure models were first derived in the 1930s, it was believed that nucleons were elementary particles similar to electrons, so that a nucleus should be analogous to an atom. For this reason, a shell model analogous to atomic orbitals was proposed for the nucleus. But since the 1970s, it has been understood that nucleons are composed of quarks, and are therefore analogous to atoms, so that a nucleus is more analogous to an atomic cluster. With that in mind, a new simple conceptual picture of the nucleus is proposed, which is suitable for instruction to undergraduates. Given the great stability of alpha particles, and the observation of alpha emission from radioactive nuclei, it is natural to propose that a large nucleus is composed primarily of alphas. I suggest a close-packed "crystal" of alphas, with at most one "partial alpha" at the outer surface. Furthermore, given the strong electric potential in the center, the alphas in the center may convert to a "neutron-rich core" providing excess neutrons for large nuclei. One can further approximate such a structure with spherical charge distributions, and derive simple analytical equations for the excess neutrons and the binding energy per nucleon, similar to those observed. Such a simple model may also offer insights into nuclear stability, fission, and other nuclear phenomena.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics
[12] viXra:2304.0101 [pdf] submitted on 2023-04-14 23:52:14
Authors: Viktor S. Dolgikh
Comments: 10 Pages.
This work is a continuation of 2012.0112, in terms of the construction of carbohydrate compounds, from the main 1701.0488 with the extension 2009.0160.In it, for the first time, a model of the mechanism that performs a set of actions for the translation of Proteins, RNA, DNA and organelles - the "Ribosome" of a living cell, will be built and described. Its cyclic image is shown on pages 5-6.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics
[11] viXra:2304.0093 [pdf] submitted on 2023-04-13 16:30:37
Authors: Alireza Jamali
Comments: 2 Pages. This work, as an intellectual property, is protected by a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Guided by the problem of flat galaxy rotation curves in Cosmology, it is argued that deviations from Coulomb potential might be observed in the microscopic analogues of galaxies which are Rydberg atoms. It is found that such deviations might occur in Rydberg atoms with principal quantum numbers of more than 780.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics
[10] viXra:2304.0066 [pdf] replaced on 2025-05-12 20:37:32
Authors: Raul Fattore
Comments: 20 Pages.
The present study is divided into six articles. Part-1: Some efforts have been made to prove negative mass behavior through some experiments performed in mechanics [1], and other disciplines [9], as well as some theories in electrostatics [2,3,4,5,6,7,8], but I haven’t found research about similar effects at the atomic level, where the most elementary mass given by the atomic nucleus is to be found. Is the second Newton’s law still valid with negative mass? What could happen if we make the atom behave in a negative mass regime? Is the negative refractive index related to negative mass? Are we able to control the magnitude of mass? Are we able to control the sign of mass? The answers to these questions are given through this series of papers, with results that are coincident with experimental data, except for the negative mass regime. Experiments must be done to confirm or invalidate the theory developed in these articles.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics
[9] viXra:2304.0065 [pdf] replaced on 2023-07-07 08:08:02
Authors: Raul Fattore
Comments: 27 Pages.
The present study is divided into six articles. Part-2: Some efforts have been made to prove negative mass behavior through some experiments performed in mechanics [1], and other disciplines [9], as well as some theories in electrostatics [2,3,4,5,6,7,8], but I haven’t found research about similar effects at the atomic level, where the most elementary mass given by the atomic nucleus is to be found. Is the second Newton’s law still valid with negative mass? What could happen if we make the atom behave in a negative mass regime? Is the negative refractive index related to negative mass? Are we able to control the magnitude of mass? Are we able to control the sign of mass? The answers to these questions are given through this series of papers, with results that are coincident with experimental data, except for the negative mass regime. Experiments must be done to confirm or invalidate the theory developed in these articles. In This Paper:Two nuclear wave equations are derived for the nucleus of the Aluminum atom:A nuclear wave equation from the shells’ self-oscillations. A nuclear interference wave equation by applying an external wave. Having better knowledge about atomic nucleus dynamics may give us additional information which could be useful for experimental purposes.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics
[8] viXra:2304.0064 [pdf] submitted on 2023-04-09 15:36:55
Authors: Raul Fattore
Comments: 31 Pages.
The present study is divided into six articles.Part-3:Some efforts have been made to prove negative mass behavior through some experiments performed in mechanics [1], and other disciplines [9], as well as some theories in electrostatics [2,3,4,5,6,7,8], but I haven’t found research about similar effects at the atomic level, where the most elementary mass given by the atomic nucleus is to be found.Is the second Newton’s law still valid with negative mass?What could happen if we make the atom behave in a negative mass regime?Is the negative refractive index related to negative mass?Are we able to control the magnitude of mass?Are we able to control the sign of mass?The answers to these questions are given through this series of papers, with results that are coincident with experimental data, except for the negative mass regime. Experiments must be done to confirm or invalidate the theory developed in these articles.In This Paper:The nuclear response to external forces is analyzed with the aim to observe any changes in the nuclear mass and study the behavior of the refractive index under such changes.The analysis will be performed in the time domain as well as in the frequency domain by means of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) method. The external forces applied to the nucleus were classified into three types:The force originated from a polarized transverse electromagnetic wave (TEM).The force originated from a polarized TEM plus a static electric field (see Part-4).The force originated from a signal plus a static electric field (see Part-5).
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics
[7] viXra:2304.0063 [pdf] replaced on 2023-07-17 23:32:10
Authors: Raul Fattore
Comments: 50 Pages.
The present study is divided into six articles.Part-4:Some efforts have been made to prove negative mass behavior through some experiments performed in mechanics [1], and other disciplines [9], as well as some theories in electrostatics [2,3,4,5,6,7,8], but I haven’t found research about similar effects at the atomic level, where the most elementary mass given by the atomic nucleus is to be found. Is the second Newton’s law still valid with negative mass? What could happen if we make the atom behave in a negative mass regime? Is the negative refractive index related to negative mass? Are we able to control the magnitude of mass? Are we able to control the sign of mass? The answers to these questions are given through this series of papers, with results that are coincident with experimental data, except for the negative mass regime. Experiments must be done to confirm or invalidate the theory developed in these articles. In This Paper:Following the analysis made in Part-3, the second external force is evaluated in this study. The nuclear response to external forces is analyzed with the aim to observe any changes in the nuclear mass and study the behavior of the refractive index under such changes. The analysis will be performed in the time domain as well as in the frequency domain by means of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) method. The external forces applied to the nucleus were classified into three types:The force originated by a polarized transverse electromagnetic wave (TEM) (see Part-3). The force originated by a polarized TEM plus a static electric field. The force originated by a signal plus a static electric field (see Part-5).
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics
[6] viXra:2304.0062 [pdf] submitted on 2023-04-09 15:40:44
Authors: Raul Fattore
Comments: 19 Pages.
The present study is divided into six articles.Part-5:Some efforts have been made to prove negative mass behavior through some experiments performed in mechanics [1], and other disciplines [9], as well as some theories in electrostatics [2,3,4,5,6,7,8], but I haven’t found research about similar effects at the atomic level, where the most elementary mass given by the atomic nucleus is to be found.Is the second Newton’s law still valid with negative mass?What could happen if we make the atom behave in a negative mass regime?Is the negative refractive index related to negative mass?Are we able to control the magnitude of mass?Are we able to control the sign of mass?The answers to these questions are given through this series of papers, with results that are coincident with experimental data, except for the negative mass regime. Experiments must be done to confirm or invalidate the theory developed in these articles.In This Paper:Following the analysis made in Part-3, the third remaining external force is evaluated in this study.The nuclear response to external forces is analyzed with the aim to observe any changes in the nuclear mass and study the behavior of the refractive index under such changes.The analysis will be performed in the time domain as well as in the frequency domain by means of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) method. The external forces applied to the nucleus were classified into three types:The force originated by a polarized transverse electromagnetic wave (TEM) (see Part- 3).The force originated by a polarized TEM plus a static electric field (see Part-4).The force originated from a signal plus a static electric field.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics
[5] viXra:2304.0061 [pdf] replaced on 2023-07-07 08:11:17
Authors: Raul Fattore
Comments: 21 Pages.
The present study is divided into six articles.Part-6: Some efforts have been made to prove negative mass behavior through some experiments performed in mechanics [1], and other disciplines [9], as well as some theories in electrostatics [2,3,4,5,6,7,8], but I haven’t found research about similar effects at the atomic level, where the most elementary mass given by the atomic nucleus is to be found. Is the second Newton’s law still valid with negative mass? What could happen if we make the atom behave in a negative mass regime? Is the negative refractive index related to negative mass? Are we able to control the magnitude of mass? Are we able to control the sign of mass? The answers to these questions are given through this series of papers, with results that are coincident with experimental data, except for the negative mass regime. Experiments must be done to confirm or invalidate the theory developed in these articles. In This Paper:This study summarizes the analysis made from Part-1 to Part-5, with a focus on the means we may use to get gravitational and inertial control of mass, as well as some technical constraints based on our present-time technologies.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics
[4] viXra:2304.0059 [pdf] submitted on 2023-04-08 04:22:32
Authors: Simon Edwards
Comments: 2 Pages.
To understand the SRI concept, one needs to first understand MRI. When even non-ferromagnetic compounds such as water are exposed to magnetic pulses of sufficient magnitude, the electron clouds of the affected atoms emit Radio Frequency radiation as a result of a form of spontaneous emission of EM stemming from the electrons orbiting individual atoms briefly but abruptly closing distance i.e. moving into a higher energy state before re-assuming their original energy state. MRI machines employ radio detectors to estimate the point of origin of these spontaneous emission radio waves, which are more intense the greater the density of the detected material. MRI cannot necessarily identify specific chemical compounds and although MRI is capable producing three-dimensional images, the resolution of these images averages about 1 millimeter per pixel; nowhere near atomic resolution.Any influence that can force electrons orbiting an atom to increase their proximity to one another, even without a change in energy state, can result in the spontaneous emission of EM ranging from RF to visible light and beyond. While such a result can be achieved by generating extreme magnetic fields, this is far from the most efficient means. One predicted effect of soliton waves on electron clouds is a phenomenon this author terms "hemispheric parting." Hemispheric parting, in addition to having application for increasing the likelihood of microwave resonances for confectionary applications where fast cooking is desired, may have a secondary effect that is useful in the field of diagnostic imaging."Hemispheric parting" may be defined as the momentary derangement of all electrons in an electron cloud of an atom amounting to the totality of the electrons being pushed into a single hemisphere, resulting in the total absence of electrons in the opposing hemisphere. It is the belief of this author that soliton waves are capable of producing this effect, however briefly. Just as electrons jumping between higher and lower orbits can produce spontaneous EM emissions, hemispheric parting should produce the same effect with far less effort.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics
[3] viXra:2304.0031 [pdf] submitted on 2023-04-04 18:19:42
Authors: Kiyoung Kim
Comments: 11 Pages.
Like the positron-electron pair production shown in high energy physics, elementary particles can be created and annihilated in phenomena, which means that energy and mass can be exchangeable especially in subatomic physics. However, it should be clear that mass and energy in physics can be converted to each other in some cases but not always equivalent. From the ontological review of the mass-energy equivalence principle in special relativity and the mass defect in nuclear physics with the first principle in 4-D complex space, we can understand how these two distinctive concepts in physics can be interchangeable. Although nuclear force, which makes nucleons, protons and neutrons, bound inside the nucleus, and nuclear interactions, strong and weak interactions, which participate in nuclear fusion and nuclear fission process, have been explained in standard model of particle physics, in which the existence of an intermediate or force-carrying particle (boson) in the interactions has been known for a long time. However, it is not so clear how the intermediate boson makes the interaction possible. For the interactions of subatomic particles, alternatively we can find more agreeable explanation than the one using the intermediate boson in standard model of particle physics. In addition, a brief discussion is followed for the neutrinos in weak interaction and the lifetime of neutron in free space.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics
[2] viXra:2304.0015 [pdf] submitted on 2023-04-02 19:47:04
Authors: Thiago M. Nóbrega
Comments: 16 Pages.
Fusion energy has long been considered the holy grail of clean and sustainable power generation. However, the practical realization of fusion energy has been hindered by the challenges associated with plasma confinement and stabilization. In this article, I propose a novel approach to address these issues, combining advanced magnetic confinement techniques with innovative plasma stabilization methods. Our approach aims to significantly improve the efficiency and feasibility of fusion energy, bringing us closer to a sustainable energy future.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics
[1] viXra:2304.0013 [pdf] submitted on 2023-04-02 19:55:16
Authors: Thiago M. Nóbrega
Comments: 6 Pages.
Fusion energy, the process of combining light atomic nuclei to form heavier nuclei, offers the potential for a clean, safe, and virtually limitless energy source. As the world faces increasing energy demands, climate change, and diminishing fossil fuel reserves, the pursuit of fusion energy has become more critical than ever. This article provides an overview of the current state of fusion energy research, discussing the main approaches to achieving fusion, such as magnetic confinement fusion (tokamaks and stellarators) and inertial confinement fusion (laser-driven and heavy-ion-driven).I highlight the progress made in major experimental facilities, including ITER, National Ignition Facility, Wendelstein 7-X, and Joint European Torus, and outline the key challenges that must be overcome before fusion energy can become a viable and widely-used energy source. Furthermore, I explore future prospects and potential developments in fusion energy research, emphasizing the importance of continued investment, international collaboration, and public-private partnerships in advancing this transformative energy source.The pursuit of fusion energy is crucial for securing a sustainable energy future and combating the adverse effects of climate change, making it a vital area of research for the benefit of humanity.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics
| Third-Party Links: |
|