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| viXra.org > Mathematical Physics > 2309 |
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[9] viXra:2309.0127 [pdf] submitted on 2023-09-25 02:59:46
Authors: Ryan J. Buchanan
Comments: 13 Pages. Correct version
A particular class of real manifolds (Hermitian spaces) naturally model smooth, possibly complex n-spaces. We show how to realize such a space as a restriction of a super-smooth stack using a compass. We also discuss the classical relationship between iterated loop spaces and the configuration space of a particle.
Category: Mathematical Physics
[8] viXra:2309.0108 [pdf] submitted on 2023-09-22 00:37:25
Authors: Paek Ye Song, Jong Hye Gon, Kim Un Chol, Gang Ung, Hong Myong Su, Ha Song Jin
Comments: 6 Pages.
A novel CPW-fed multiband planar monopole antenna is designed and investigated in this paper. The proposed antenna is fabricated on FR4 substrate and has a compact size of 26 × 45 × 1.6 mm3. A prototype is fabricated and then measured. The simulated and measured results exhibit that the operating bandwidth with a reflection coefficient of less than −10 dB is about 150 MHz (1700—1850MHz), 310 MHz (2.38—2.69 GHz), 520 MHz (3.23—3.75 GHz), and 820 MHz (5.09—5.91 GHz). These frequency ranges meet the bandwidth requirement for GSM 1800MHz, WLAN 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz and WiMAX 2.5/3.5/5.5 GHz bands. Also, almost omnidirectional radiation patterns and peak gains of 2.1dBi at 1.8 GHz, 2.21dBi at 2.4 GHz, 2.8dBi at 3.5 GHz, and 4.98dBi at 5.5 GHz are obtained. The proposed antenna with small size, planar structure, good impedance bandwidth and omnidirectional radiation patterns is very suitable for GSM/ WLAN/ WiMAX applications.
Category: Mathematical Physics
[7] viXra:2309.0086 [pdf] submitted on 2023-09-18 01:16:51
Authors: Lucian M. Ionescu
Comments: 16 Pages.
In the context of QFT and Gauge Theory, the introduction of Natural Units, as a quantization in disguise'' combined with Buckingham's Pi-Theorem, provides a direct connection with de Rham Periods, as also hinted by Feynman amplitudes, Dessins d'Enfant and Belyi maps models of baryon modes etc.A program emerges: Physics Laws as Period Laws, and Alpha, as an element of the Pi-groups, a period. Our models of the Physical Reality emerge from the union of Cohomological Physics and Number Theory,helping us understand ``the unreasonable effectiveness of Mathematics''.An overview of the Network Model is included, with impacts to Sciences in general. Further prospects for understanding the fine structure constant are presented.
Category: Mathematical Physics
[6] viXra:2309.0073 [pdf] submitted on 2023-09-16 02:16:25
Authors: Larry Huang, Lynn Huang
Comments: 18 Pages.
Based on the fact that the frequency of light is reduced at the same rate (redshift) across a far distance, and the fact that the speed of light is constant, we can yield a mathematical law of light’s frequency loss. This law states for light traveling through vacuum space, its frequency must reduce an amount equal to Hu2092= H/MPC = 2.26*10^(-18) Hertz for every cycle (or every 1 wavelength of travel) of the light wave, where H is Hubble Constant and MPC = Megaparsecs = 30,856,775,814,913,673,000 km or Δf/f = -Hu2092t. This frequency is reducing exponentially against time (f(t) = fu2092e-Hu2092t). In Mathematics, some properties of Digamma function ψ(x) is used to deliver the law. By carefully comparing space’s expansion and this law of frequency loss, we conclude the expansion of space cannot be the reason of light’s frequency reduction, since they contradict one another. Instead, light traveling in space will lose a very small and constant amount of energy for every of its wavelengths that it travels. Finally an experiment is proposed to prove the theory and to find the Hubble Constant without needing to look at galaxies millions of light years away.
Category: Mathematical Physics
[5] viXra:2309.0050 [pdf] submitted on 2023-09-09 23:28:30
Authors: David C. Salles Jr
Comments: 26 Pages. (Corrections made by viXra Admin to conform with scholarly norm)
The Indivisible Aspects Theory with Redefined Zeros (IATRZ) is a proposed new framework attempting to integrate principles from mathematics, philosophy, and physics. It tries to offers a fresh perspective on zero, infinitesimals, and infinity, plausibly reshaping our understanding of the numerical system. In this new perspective, zero, infinitesimals, and infinity are intricately interconnected, forming a unity. Zero plays a vital role in the emergence of infinitesimals, which, in turn, contribute to the boundless expanse of infinity. The IATRZ system redefines zero as an indivisible component of every value, enabling a holistic comprehension of numerical values. Absolute zero becomes the neutral reference point, allowing for the evaluation and comparison of values. Infinitesimals bridge the gap between zero and finite values, revealing the continuous nature of numerical progression. Infinity represents the limitless potential and vastness of the numerical landscape, allowing us to explore the finest granularity possible. This proposed framework challenges traditional interpretations and invites us to explore the interconnectedness of numerical values.
Category: Mathematical Physics
[4] viXra:2309.0036 [pdf] submitted on 2023-09-06 23:45:14
Authors: Mohamed Makraini
Comments: 19 Pages. In Spanish
En este artículo, se plantea una nueva reinterpretación de la geometría curva del espacio-tiempo, donde de considera que el espacio-tiempo experimenta una contracción longitudinal. Este efecto, se manifiesta en cambios de la métrica del espacio-tiempo que determinan como se miden las distancias y los intervalos temporales en esa región. Es decir, una variación de dimensión en la escala, tamaño o longitud aparente del espacio-tiempo. Esta reinterpretación es compatible con las ecuaciones de campo de Einstein y Maxwell. La constante gravitacional universal GNewton, la constante de Hubble para la expansión acelerada del universo H(0) y la constante cosmológica asociada con la hipotética energía oscura Λ, se pueden obtener y aproximar mediante este nuevo enfoque, donde la masa del bosón de Higgs con sus privilegiadas y únicas características, juega un papel trascendental para dar respuesta a una multitud de preguntas abiertas en física y en la actualidad cosmológica moderna. La reinterpretación de la geometría curva por la contracción espacio-temporal, proporciona un nuevo marco para entender mucho mejor la gravedad. Al obtener valores muy aproximados de la constante de gravitación universal, es posible determinar la fuerza inversa a la gravedad responsable de la expansión acelerada del universo. Esto es posible gracias a la teoría de divergencia de Gauss, donde la distribución de carga determinada por la constante de Coulomb en el marco de la expansión multipolar definida por el electromagnetismo, constituye una analogía bastante sólida, siendo de forma inversamente proporcional a la gravedad, mediante la cuál es posible obtener y calcular con mucha precisión, el valor de la constante H(0) de Hubble. La constante cosmológica Λ, considerada como una posible energía oscura que impulsa la expansión acelerada del universo, también puede ser obtenida y explicada a través de este nuevo enfoque. La reinterpretación de la geometría curva de la gravedad, como una contracción espacio-temporal, afectaría a las propiedades de la expansión del espacio-tiempo, donde la interpretación de contracción del universo, que describe la Relatividad General, debe ser reinterpretada, comprendida y aceptada, como la gravedad misma a cualquier escala.
Category: Mathematical Physics
[3] viXra:2309.0035 [pdf] submitted on 2023-09-06 23:43:32
Authors: Mohamed Makraini
Comments: 19 Pages.
This article presents a new reinterpretation of the curved geometry of spacetime, where it is considered that spacetime undergoes longitudinal contraction. This effect is manifested in changes in the spacetime metric that determine how distances and temporal intervals are measured in that region. In other words, a variation in the scale, size, or apparent length of spacetime. This reinterpretation is compatible with Einstein's field equations and Maxwell's equations. The universal gravitational constant of Newton, G, the Hubble constant for the accelerated expansion of the universe, H(0), and the cosmological constant associated with hypothetical dark energy, Λ, can be obtained and approximated using this new approach, where the mass of the Higgs boson with its unique and privileged characteristics plays a crucial role in addressing numerous open questions in physics and modern cosmology. The reinterpretation of curved geometry through spacetime contraction provides a new framework for better understanding gravity. By obtaining very close values of the universal gravitational constant, it is possible to determine the inverse force to gravity responsible for the accelerated expansion of the universe. This is achievable through Gauss's divergence theorem, where the charge distribution determined by the Coulomb constant within the framework of multipolar expansion defined by electromagnetism constitutes a quite solid analogy, being inversely proportional to gravity. This allows for the precise calculation of the value of the Hubble constant, H(0). The cosmological constant Λ, considered as a potential dark energy driving the accelerated expansion of the universe, can also be obtained and explained through this new approach. The reinterpretation of the curved geometry of gravity as spacetime contraction would affect the properties of spacetime expansion, where the interpretation of the universe's contraction described by General Relativity must be reinterpreted, understood, and accepted as gravity itself at any scale.
Category: Mathematical Physics
[2] viXra:2309.0023 [pdf] submitted on 2023-09-05 02:46:20
Authors: Miftachul Hadi
Comments: 4 Pages. 1 figure.
We construct the geometric optical knot in 3-dimensional Euclidean (vacuum or weak-field) space using the Abelian Chern-Simons integral and the variables (the Clebsch variables) of the complex scalar field, i.e. the function of amplitude and the phase related to the refractive index. The result of numerical simulation shows that in vacuum or weak-field space, there exists such a knot.
Category: Mathematical Physics
[1] viXra:2309.0001 [pdf] replaced on 2025-01-30 13:16:24
Authors: Zhengxi Wang
Comments: 9 Pages.
The universe is oblique, the energy density distribution of the whole universe is uneven, and anisotropic, the formula of energy density distribution is derived in this paper. The universe has a center, the energy is continuously emitted from this center and diffuses outward in a spherical shape. The density is highest at the center, which is equal to Planck density. the density is inversely proportional to the square of the radius of the universe. That is, the farther away from the center, the smaller the density. The universe has an outward direction and a theoretical boundary. The mass of the whole universe is greater than 1061kg.The matter of the observable universe is erupted from the middle of the universe，and then gather matter to form galaxies, now it is in the process of diffusion, eventually, it will spread to the edge of the universe and disappear. The age of the universe we measure does not represent the age of the universe as a whole.When the observable universe disappears,the central universe still exists, the process described above is still being repeated. In the end, the whole universe ends with energy depletion.
Category: Mathematical Physics
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