Mathematical Physics

Charging the Reality-Sucks Theory

Authors: Sven Gohlke
Comments: 6 Pages.

I extend the Reality-Sucks theory with gravitation, kinetic energy, electric charge and temperature.
Category: Mathematical Physics

Determination of the Mass and Half-Life of a Boson Generated from an Energy Level of Zero Value

Authors: Fernando Salmon Iza
Comments: 3 Pages.

In this paper we study the possibility of creating matter by analyzing the solutions of the Klein-Gordon equation for a quantum state of zero energy.
Category: Mathematical Physics

Effective Field Theory as Asymptotic Regime of Chaotic Dynamics

Authors: Ervin Goldfain
Comments: 20 Pages.

We argue here that the onset of classical chaos above the Fermi scale underlies the construction of Effective Field Theory (EFT). According to this view, particle physics and gravitational dynamics are low-energy manifestations of chaotic behavior and multifractal geometry.
Category: Mathematical Physics

Constructive QFT: A Condensed Math Point of View Part I

Authors: Juno Ryu
Comments: 8 Pages.

In this series, we show a road map to prove the existence of φ^4 quantum field theory over 4-d Euclidean spacetime. We suggest a new axiomatic approach on constructive quantum field theory via condensed mathematics. The goal is to extend this new approach to cover the mathematical viability of field theories of standard model and beyond.
Category: Mathematical Physics

The Problem of the Causality in the Atomic World

Authors: Klaus-Dieter Wantke
Comments: 227 Pages.

Interaction theories are usually based on a elativistically invarieant Lagrange function. This function is generally known and accepted for the electromagnetic interaction. The variation of that Lagrangian leads to the system of the coupled Maxwell-Dirac equations. It contains a non-linear term. If you neglect this term, you obtain the well-known linear Dirac equation and rules for determining the correct values of the spectral lines of atoms. However, one cannot describe the radiation process and has to introduce the quantum hypothesis. But, if the non-linear term is also taken into account, there are solutions of the system what describe the emission of "quantum jumps" in space and time with correct frequencies. This is demonstrated in the presented work for hydrogen and helium atoms. It explains the entangled eigenfunctions in the context of a classical mear-field theory. Further problems like diffraction effects, photo effects and relativistic transformation of the field tensor are discussed. Aim of the work is a proposal of an alternative to the statistical interpretation of the quantum theory in context of a classical near-field theory.
Category: Mathematical Physics

Knot, Refractive Index, and Scalar Field

Authors: Miftachul Hadi
Comments: 3 Pages.

We construct the geometric optical knot in 3-dimensional Euclidean (flat) space of the Abelian Chern-Simons integral using the variables (the Clebsch variables) of the complex scalar field, i.e. the function of amplitude and the phase, where the phase is related to the refractive index.
Category: Mathematical Physics

The Reinterpretation of the Electromagnetic Wave Equation

Authors: Andreas Martin
Comments: 32 Pages.

This publication contains a mathematical approach for a reinterpretation of the electromagnetic wave equation given a magnetic and electric field density. The basis for this is the essay"The Reinterpretation of the 'Maxwell Equations'" (Martin, 2021). In this paper it is shownthat there is a magnetic field density due to the fact that div u20d7B is equal to (Sp)grad Bu20d7 .The same approach applies to the electric field density. The consequence of this is that boththe magnetic field density and the electric field density not only play an important role in the"Maxwell equations", but also in the calculation of the electromagnetic wave equation.In this publication, the electromagnetic wave equation is calculated with the help of vectorcalculus. First, the individual components of the magnetic wave and the individual components of the electric wave are derived.Furthermore, it is shown that the individual components of the two types of waves result inthree different directions of movement, which the respective field can theoretically achieve inthe direction of propagation. In addition, the Poynting vector shows a longitudinal energywave in the direction of propagation of the electromagnetic wave, which is suitable for energy transport.As already mentioned, the calculations made in this elaboration are based on the principles ofvector calculation and show a transverse wave component, a longitudinal and a combinedwave component of the electromagnetic wave.
Category: Mathematical Physics

Lógica Neutrosófica Refinada N-Valuada Y Sus Aplicaciones a la Física

Authors: Florentin Smarandache
Comments: 6 Pages.

In this paper we present a short history of logics: from particular cases of 2-symbol or numerical valued logic to the general case of n-symbol or numerical valued logic. We show generalizations of 2-valued Boolean logic to fuzzy logic, also from the Kleene’s and Lukasiewicz’ 3-symbol valued logics or Belnap’s 4-symbol valued logic to the most general nsymbol or numerical valued refined neutrosophic logic. Examples of applications of neutrosophic logic to physics are listed in the last section. Similar generalizations can be done for n-Valued Refined Neutrosophic Set, and respectively.
Category: Mathematical Physics

Fine Structure Constant: Its Mathematical Basis

Authors: Miguel Aparicio
Comments: 22 Pages. In French

Our study shows how integer numbers physically function in a geometric space with the same properties assumed in the Universe, and therefore, consequently, in our opinion, why the Universe functions as such.
Category: Mathematical Physics

A Query Relating to Irreversible Thermodynamics

Authors: Jeremy Dunning-Davies
Comments: 2 Pages.

Relatively recent work highlighting the quaternion formulation of Maxwell’s electromagnetic equations has provoked a re-emergence of the work of Bridgman dating back to the 1920’s and this, in turn, raises interesting thoughts concerning the basis of present-day irreversible thermodynamics. Here several questions are considered briefly to, hopefully, provoke further thought and discussion.
Category: Mathematical Physics

The Discrepancy Between the Implicit Assumptions in the Field Definition and the Objective Reality is the Main Cause of Many Theoretical Errors in Modern Physics

Authors: Xiaotao Peng
Comments: 5 Pages. In Chinese

There is an implicit assumption in the definition of field (gravitational field, electric field and magnetic field): assuming that there is a unit point field source (unit point mass or unit positive point charge) on the observation point P, the force it receives (gravity, The size and direction of the Coulomb force and magnetic force) are the size and direction of the strength of the field at this point. When the field is further extended to be a continuous and differentiable function in space-time, the above implicit assumption is further expanded to: there is a point field source of one unit at all spatial positions in space-time. The objective reality is that the distribution of field sources in space-time is neither continuous nor stable. As a result, many physical theories, theorems and laws based on fields and field theories cannot be consistent with objective facts. Such as: the law of electromagnetic induction, Gauss's law, Hubble's law, Maxwell's equations, the theory of relativity, quantum mechanics and the Big Bang theory, etc. This article conducts some discussion and certification on this point, and I hope that interested friends will provide more valuable opinions and suggestions.

场（万有引力场、电场和磁场）的定义中隐含了一个假设：假设观测点P点上存在一个一个单位的点场源（单位点质量或单位正点电荷），它所受到的力（万有引力、库仑力和磁力）的大小与方向即为该点上的场的强度的大小与方向。当将场进一步拓展为在时空中为连续可导的函数时，则上述隐含的假设被进一步扩充为：时空中所有的空间位置上均存在一个一个单位的点场源。而客观实际情况是：场源在时空中的分布并非连续，也非稳定不变的。由此导致了诸多以场和场论为基础的物理学理论、定理和定律就不可能与客观事实相符了。如：电磁感应定律、高斯定律、哈勃定律、麦克斯韦方程组、相对论、量子力学和宇宙大爆炸论等。本文就此进行一些探讨与认证，希望有兴趣的朋友们多提宝贵意见与建议。
Category: Mathematical Physics

Diagram of the Relationship Between Field and Force and the Cause Analysis of the Misunderstanding of the Nature of the Field

Authors: Xiaotao Peng
Comments: 4 Pages.

There is an implicit assumption in the definition of field (gravitational field, electric field and magnetic field): assuming that there is a unit point field source (unit point mass or unit positive point charge) on the observation point P, the force it receives (gravity, The size and direction of the Coulomb force and magnetic force) are the size and direction of the strength of the field at this point. When the field is further extended to be a continuous and differentiable function in space-time, the above implicit assumption is further expanded to: there is a point field source of one unit at all spatial positions in space-time. The objective reality is that the distribution of field sources in space-time is neither continuous nor stable. As a result, many physical theories, theorems and laws based on fields and field theories cannot be consistent with objective facts. Such as: the law of electromagnetic induction, Gauss's law, Hubble's law, Maxwell's equations, the theory of relativity, quantum mechanics and the Big Bang theory, etc. This article discusses the relationship between field and force in a graphical way, and on this basis points out the reasons why most people misunderstand the nature of field at present. Valuable comments and suggestions.

场（万有引力场、电场和磁场）的定义中隐含了一个假设：假设观测点P点上存在一个一个单位的点场源（单位点质量或单位正点电荷），它所受到的力（万有引力、库仑力和磁力）的大小与方向即为该点上的场的强度的大小与方向。当将场进一步拓展为在时空中为连续可导的函数时，则上述隐含的假设被进一步扩充为：时空中所有的空间位置上均存在一个一个单位的点场源。而客观实际情况是：场源在时空中的分布并非连续，也非稳定不变的。由此导致了诸多以场和场论为基础的物理学理论、定理和定律就不可能与客观事实相符了。如：电磁感应定律、高斯定律、哈勃定律、麦克斯韦方程组、相对论、量子力学和宇宙大爆炸论等。本文以图解的方式对场与力的关系进行一些探讨，并在此基础上指出目前大多数人对场的本质存在误读的原因进行一些分析、探讨与认证，希望有兴趣的朋友们多提宝贵意见与建议。
Category: Mathematical Physics

The Complete Evidence Chain Fully Proves That the Law of Interaction Between Light and Medium is That the Incident Light Makes the Medium a Secondary Light Source

Authors: Xiaotao Peng
Comments: 4 Pages.

After the light interacts with the medium, all the characteristics of the light will be changed, including but not limited to the transmission direction of the light, the phase of the light, the amplitude of the light, the frequency of the light, the wavelength of the light, the speed of the light, etc. However, people's understanding of what light is is still not completely unified. Some people think that light is an electromagnetic wave, some think that light is a photon, and some even think that light has a wave-particle duality. Through my long-term research, I found that light is neither an electromagnetic wave nor a photon, nor does it have wave-particle duality. Light is only one of the manifestations of Coulomb force and magnetic force that exists between charges, and cannot exist independently of charges/light sources. This is a conclusion drawn from a comprehensive study of all physical phenomena and experimental results related to light. This article focuses on the evidence chain formed by many evidences of the law of interaction between light and media to discuss related issues, in order to correct the current misunderstanding of the nature of light.

光与介质作用后会改变光的所有特征，包括但不限于光的传递方向、光的相位、光的振幅、光的频率、光的波长、光的速度等。但人们对光到底是什么的认识至今仍未能完全统一，有认为光是电磁波的，也有认为光是光子的，更有认为光具有波粒二相性。通过本人长时间的研究发现：光既不是电磁波，也不是光子，更没有波粒二相性。光只是电荷之间才存在的库仑力和磁力的表现形式之一，并不能脱离电荷/光源而独立存在。这是通过对所有与光有关的物理现象与实验结果的全面研究所得出的结论。本文重点以光与介质相互作用规律的诸多证据所形成的证据链来探讨相关问题，以期纠正目前人们对光的本质的错误认识。
Category: Mathematical Physics

Evidence Analysis of Several Experimental Results Relating to the Speed U200bu200bof Light and Discussion on the Correct Method of Measuring the Speed U200bu200bof Light

Authors: Xiaotao Peng
Comments: 6 Pages.

The speed of light is one of the most basic issues in many physical researches at present, but there is no conclusive, reliable, systematic and systematic evidence to prove who determines the speed of light or what are the main factors. This paper intends to analyze in detail the physical significance and evidence effectiveness of several existing experimental observations related to the speed of light, and proposes a correct method for measuring the speed of light. In order to completely unravel the mystery of the speed of light.

光速是目前诸多物理研究中最基本的问题之一，但并没有确凿的、证据效力充分可靠系的、统性的证据证明光速到底由谁决定或由哪些主要因素决定。本文拟以目前已有的几个与光速有关的实验观测结果的物理意义、证据效力进行详细的分析，并据此提出正确测量光速的方法。以期彻底解开光速之迷。
Category: Mathematical Physics

Analysis of the Essential Factors of Momentum and Kinetic Energy Conservation in Completely Elastic Collision Conditions

Authors: Xiaotao Peng
Comments: 4 Pages.

The conservation of momentum and kinetic energy under the condition of a perfectly elastic collision is a well-known common sense, but the analysis and research data on its internal factors are not common, so this paper will explore and discuss it. I hope that interested friends will give more comments and suggestions.According to the general law that the change of the state of motion of matter with mass must be the result of the action of force, we can naturally think that the law of conservation of momentum and kinetic energy under the condition of a completely elastic collision should be the interaction between two colliding objects. Determined by the action force: when two objects collide with each other, the contact surface is simultaneously subjected to an action force and a reaction force of equal magnitude but opposite directions, so that each other quickly reduces the speed of motion and changes the speed and direction of motion. We assume that the interaction force during the collision does not change with time, then the force of the collision has exactly the same start and end time of the variable speed motion imposed by the collision, and the collision will first decelerate and then accelerate. Of course, there is no transfer of so-called momentum or energy in this process.

完全弹性碰撞条件下的动量和动能守恒是广为共知的常识，但就其内在因素的分析与研究资料并不常见，本文就此进行一些探索与讨论。希望有兴趣的朋友们多提意见与建议。按照有质量物质运动状态的改变必定是力的作用之结果的普遍规律，我们可以很自然地想到：完全弹性碰撞条件下的动量和动能守恒定律应该是两个碰撞物体间相互碰撞时产生的相互作用力决定的：当两个物体相互碰撞时，接触面同时受到大小相等但方向相反的作用力与反作用力使彼此快速降低运动速度并改变运动速度与方向。我们假设碰撞过程中的相互作用力不随时间变化，则碰撞的作用力对碰撞双方所施加的变速运动的开始与结束时间完全一致，碰撞会使双方先减速后加速。此过程当然不存在所谓的动量或能量的传递。
Category: Mathematical Physics

Humans Have Never Seen Light Itself, Only the Luminous Body That is Shining

Authors: Xiaotao Peng
Comments: 4 Pages.

If it is said that humans have never seen light itself, no one may believe it, but it should be an indisputable fact. Because there is no light that can exist independently without the light source/charge, light is only one of the manifestations of the Coulomb force and magnetic force interaction between charges, and of course it cannot be seen. What people see in daily life is the luminous body → the charged particle group vibrating at the frequency of visible light, and they interact with the charged particles on the retina in the human eye by Coulomb force and magnetic force, thus producing a corresponding electrochemical reaction After the corresponding information is generated and transmitted to the visual system of the brain, the talent has the vision of seeing the luminous body. This article starts some discussions on this, hoping to get corrections from interested friends.

如果说人类从未看到过光本身，可能不会有任何人相信，但这应该是不争的事实。因为根本不存在能脱离光源/电荷而独立存在的光，光只是电荷之间才存在的库仑力和磁力相互作用的表现形式之一，当然不可能被看到。人们日常所看到的是发光体→正在以可见光频率段的频率振动的带电粒子群体，它们与人眼中的视网膜上的带电粒子间进行着库仑力和磁力相互作用，从而产生了相应的电化反应并产生相应的信息传递到大脑视觉系统后，人才产生了看到了发光体的视觉。本文就此展开一些讨论，希望得到有兴趣的朋友们的斧正。
Category: Mathematical Physics

The Basis and Verification Method of the Single Slit Diffracted Light as the Secondary Light Generated by the Edge of the Slit

Authors: Xiaotao Peng
Comments: 5 Pages.

Many people have carried out single-slit diffraction experiments and obtained a series of experimental research results, but these results cannot be explained by electromagnetic waves or photons at the same time. After a long period of research, I found that these research results can be perfectly explained by using the secondary light generated by the edge of the slit with diffracted light. This article discusses this and proposes further inspection and verification methods. I hope that interested and qualified friends will participate in the next step of inspection and verification.

有不少人进行过单缝衍射实验并取得了一系列的实验研究成果，但这些成果均无法用光是电磁波或光子来同时解释。经本人长时间研究发现：用衍射光是由缝隙边缘产生的次生光则可以完美地解释这些研究成果。本文就此进行一些讨论并提出进一步检验验证方法，希望有兴趣和有条件的朋友们参与下一步的检验与验证工作。
Category: Mathematical Physics

Use Four Principles to Simultaneously Explain 70 Physical Phenomena and Experimental Results Related to the Nature of Light

Authors: Xiaotao Peng
Comments: 17 Pages.

After my long-term research, I can explain many physical problems and experimental results related to light only from the most basic Coulomb's law of electromagnetism and Biot-Savart's law. The relevant four basic principles (tentative name) or they are called rules, and use these four principles to explain 70 common physical phenomena and experimental results related to light at the same time, and all of them are effective. It is hoped that more questions related to light will be collected through this article to further test the applicability and reliability of these four criteria. If these four criteria can explain more and more common physical phenomena and experimental results related to light, and none of them can be explained, it will prove that the closer these four criteria are to the objective reality, the closer to the truth. The understanding and summary of the nature of light and the law of interaction between light and medium will be more accurate and objective by these four principles.

经过本人长期的研究，仅从电磁学的最基本的库仑定律和毕奥——沙伐尔定律出发，即可解释诸多与光有关的物理问题与实验结果，在此基础上总结出了与光有关的四条基本准则（暂定名）或称其为规则，并利用此四条准则同时解释了70个与光有关的常见物理现象与实验结果而无一不灵。希望通过本文征集到更多与光有关的问题来进一步检验这四条准则的适用性、可靠性。如果这四条准则能对越多的、与光有关的常见物理现象与实验结果进行解释而无一不能解释时，就会证明这四条准则越接近客观实际，越接近真理。这四条准则对光的本质及光与介质相互作用规律的认识和总结也就越准确、越客观。
Category: Mathematical Physics

Thoughts on the Existence of an Aether

Authors: Jeremy Dunning-Davies, Rich Norman
Comments: 11 Pages.

Several neglected papers from the last century are resurrected and their contents analysed in order to revisit the question of whether or not there is an aether. The results of that query lead to suggesting possible new approaches to many fundamental ideas in physics. Negative energy and the primacy of thermodynamics in universal processes are discussed.
Category: Mathematical Physics