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| viXra.org > Geophysics > 2511 |
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[2] viXra:2511.0140 [pdf] replaced on 2025-12-13 16:03:54
Authors: Warren D. Smith
Comments: 9 Pages.
The "binary calendar" is "Years divisible by 4 but not by 128 are leap years." I point out this suggestion should be more accurate than the "Gregorian calendar." We also look at the idea of using precise measurements of sidereal day length (Earth's rotation period≈86164.1 SI seconds) as a tool to help assess "climate change." We find it could be helpful but is not trivial to assess.
Category: Geophysics
[1] viXra:2511.0080 [pdf] replaced on 2025-11-23 01:04:45
Authors: Richard F. Cronin
Comments: 13 Pages.
Tidal Pumping is the very well-known Astrophysical phenomenon wherein the gravity of a major celestial body exerts a "pumping" or drag force on a smaller orbiting celestial body as it swings through an eccentric orbit. This force drives tectonics and volcanism. Jupiter’s volcanic moons are paved in basaltic rock, like the ocean floor of the Earth. Jovian moon Io is the most volcanic celestial body in the solar system. Saturn’s tidally pumped moons have cryovolcanoes. Planetary rings were formed by moons ripped apart by tidal pumping forces.As the Earth passes from the Aphelion (July 4, the most distant point in Earth’s orbit) to the Perihelion (Earth’s closest approach to the Sun, approx. Jan. 4), both its rotation and orbital motion speed up. As Earth passes through its Winter Solstice (Dec. 21) and its Perihelion, there is a deceleration, with kinetic energy transfer onto the solid Earth and causing a tidal bulge calculated at 10 to 12 cm. There are limited means for direct observation during this once-per-year transient event. By comparison, the Moon causes a tidal bulge on the solid Earth with a vertical lift of 40 to 55 cm. The gravity of the Sun also exerts a tidal deformation on the solid Earth from day-to-night. The side of the Earth rotating to face the Sun is uplifted 15 to 21 cm. Due to tidal lock with the Earth, the moon has been recontoured into an egg shape, with the broad end facing Earth. This paper extends prior papers that the tidal effects of the Moon, Sun, and Earth’s passage through the Perihelion are principal triggers of tectonic activity and the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) - by exerting tidal bulge (vertical uplift) on highly stressed seismic regions in the near-equatorial South Pacific and releasing seismic heat into the waters of the Equatorial South Pacific. Furthermore, these combined tidal forces have dragged and pushed continental land masses into the Northern Hemisphere. Pertinent references on tidal deformation related to seismic activity are listed. Particular emphasis on references 67 to 75.
Category: Geophysics
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