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| viXra.org > Geophysics > 2310 |
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[3] viXra:2310.0097 [pdf] submitted on 2023-10-20 18:07:56
Authors: Harry K. Hahn
Comments: 18 pages, 30 images, 3 tables
Changes in Earth’s Magnetic Field seem to be a main cause of Volcanic-Eruptions on Earth ! These changes (or disturbances) in Earth’s Magnetic-Field can be caused either by internal processes which take place near the Core-Mantle-Boundary (CMB), or they can be caused by external events which are strong geo-magnetic-storms caused by solar wind (space-weather). The maximum impact of the external events (geo-magnetic storms) on Volcanism seems to be around +/-20%, and the impact of internal-effects seems to be around +/-30%. As internal effect the North-Magnetic Pole Shift must be mentioned, which showed a very high acceleration between 1993 and 2002. The internal-processes inside Earth’s mantle which caused this fast shift of the North-Magnetic-Pole seem to be responsible for an increase of ~30% of Earth’s Volcanism between 1997 & 2008. In this paper I want to describe the impact of the external-events, the impact of strong geo-magnetic Storms, on Earth’s Volcanic Activity. The chart of —Total Volcanic Eruptions per year- and -Strong Geomagnetic-Storms- in the time 1800-2023 clearly shows that there are sharp increases in the number of volcanic-eruptions visible, shortly after the occurence of strong geomagnetic-storms (or -storm-periods). Further there is a clearly visible correlation of sunspot-(solar-cycle)-minimas and Lows in the chart of the -Active Volcanos per year- which shows that Earth’s Volcanism is clearly influenced by strong geomagnetic-storm-periods, or by the missing of such storm-periods! During sunspot-minimas global volcanism clearly decreases be around 20% ! There is also a clear correlation of Global Volcanism (which is strongly effected by geomagnetic-effects), with HGFA-seismicity and Global Warming ! WARNING to Climatologists & Politicians!!: The sun has considerably reduced its solarwind-activity ! Since 2006 only two days with AP-values slightly >100 occured ! The sun is heating towards an extended solar-minimum with considerable lower sunspot-numbers and solarwind-activity !! This means a general colder climate on Earth as historical climate-data from the Dalton- & Maunder-Minimum clearly show. A look at the Ocean-Heat-Content-Chart (EN4) and the Geo-magnetic Ap-Index clearly shows that during the periods 1995-97 & 2006-2012 the Ocean Heat Content (0-2000m) was stagnating ! That means global warming nearly stopped !! During these periods the smoothed Ap-Index was ≤10, which means very low solarwind activity ! That’s why the impact of geomagnetic-changes (-storms) on Earth’s Climate is clearly higher than that of CO2 !! It’s a deciding factor ! That’s why we must predict the future Solar Activity !
Category: Geophysics
[2] viXra:2310.0062 [pdf] replaced on 2023-11-08 22:57:39
Authors: Harry K. Hahn
Comments: 23 pages, 60 images+diagrams, 3 Tables - pages 2 & 11 were added in V2
Changes in Earth’s Magnetic Field seem to be a main cause of Volcanic-Eruptions on Earth ! These changes (or disturbances) in Earth’s Magnetic-Field can be caused either by internal processes which take place near the Core-Mantle-Boundary (CMB), or they can be caused by external events which are strong geomagnetic-storms caused by solar wind (space-weather). The maximum impact on volcanism, of the geomagnetic-changes caused by internal processes is around +/-30%, and the maximum impact of the external events is around +/-20%. There is a clear correlation of geo-magnetism, HGFA-seismicity, volcanism and global warming. First the geomagnetic-changes seem to cause earthquakes, especially in High-Geothermal-Flux-(HGF)-areas (e.g. mid-ocean-ridges), then with a delay of 1-2 years Volcanism (& hydrothermal-activity) is increasing, which then rises the Ocean-Heat-Content (->El-Nino-events), and eventually accelerates Global-Warming. We can see a sharp rise and an elevation of the global-volcanic-activity since around 1997, just after the sharp acceleration of the North-Magnetic Pole-shift (Pole-wander) began, around 1-2 years before. The velocity of the North-Magnetic-Pole-shift was <20km/yr before 1990, and it increased to >45km/yr in 1997 ! In just 7 years it more then doubled ! This fast North-Magnetic-Pole-shift is caused by an interference/interaction between two large lobes (blobs) of negative-magnetic-flux near the Earth’s core-mantle-boundary (CMB), as Satellite-data of ESA’s Swarm-mission showed. This fast North-Magnetic Pole-shift, which can be explained by shifts of either fluids or electric-charge near the CMB, is a onetime-event which has increased global-volcanism by around 30% between ~1997 & 2015, probably caused by increased pressure inside Earth’s mantle, as a result of increased dynamical-processes near the CMB. Another effect which must be mentioned here: Strong magnetic-acceleration-patterns (magnetic-waves) which are located along the equatorial regions of the CMB, and which move around Earth’s outer-core with a 7-year period seem to influence Volcanism too. The -number of active volcanos- in the Phillipines which oscillates with a ~7-year period between 0 and ~3 may be the proof for that. Further there is a clear correlation of sunspot-(solar-cycle)-minimas and Lows in the chart of the -Active Volcanos per year- which shows that Earth’s Volcanism is clearly influenced by strong geomagnetic-storm-periods, or by the missing of such storm-periods ! During sunspot-minimas global volcanism clearly decreases by around 20%! Further the chart of -Total Volcanic Eruptions per year- and strong geomagnetic-storms from 1800-2023 shows that there are sharp increases in volcanic-eruptions visible, shortly after strong geomagnetic-storm-periods !
Category: Geophysics
[1] viXra:2310.0048 [pdf] submitted on 2023-10-10 21:59:13
Authors: Alexis Zaganidis
Comments: 11 Pages. (Correction to Title made by viXra Admin to conform with scholalry norm - Please conform!)
A Specific Magnitude Budget for the Detection of 44 Nuclear Earthquakes near Large Urban Areas subject to a Natural Seismic Hazard was crucial for finding the typical parameters of the Nuclear Earthquakes : $5.9-7.9~M_w$, from 1st January 1960 to 15th September 2023, $R_i <160~km$ with the index $i$ spanning the $1230$ largest cities and having a maximal horizontal shaking ratio $10^{M_w,i} /R_i^2$ for each specific city $i$ satisfying these typical parameters. Therefore, it allows to build a filter $mathcal{F}_Z$ and to filter out a total of $189$ earthquakes around $372$ cities with a relatively low background of Natural Earthquakes with respect to the Nuclear ones. By including the $189$ filtered earthquakes around these $372$ cities, there is a total of $393$ cities having enough seismic data, with respect to a sufficiently large background of the recent smaller earthquakes around these same cities ($M_wgeq M_{w,0} =4.0$, 1980-2022, $R_i < R_{max}=160~km$, Gutenberg-Richter law and $Delta N_i geq 10^{5.9-4.0}>79$ in the case of an absence of filtered earthquakes with the filter $mathcal{F}_Z$), in order to derive the Probability Estimation of having a such maximal horizontal shaking ratio. Finally, there is a 8.4-$sigma$ anomaly from a statistical excess of the maximal horizontal shaking ratio of the filtered earthquakes with the filter $mathcal{F}_Z$ and with a Probability Estimation Cutoff of $<0.43$ (There is an artifact close to $1$ arising from an exponential behavior inside the Probability Estimation formula of having a such maximal horizontal shaking ratio). Of course, by taking some random positions for the $1230$ largest cities, it vanishes completely that 8.4-$sigma$ anomaly.
Category: Geophysics
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