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[7] viXra:2107.0164 [pdf] replaced on 2021-08-11 14:27:39
Authors: Harry K. Hahn
Comments: 20 pages, 33 images, 28 diagrams
Raman spectra of quartz samples collected at the sample sites 25, 11 and 10 provide first evidence for this 40 x 33 km elliptical Impact Crater and for the secondary impact-structures produced by this crater The impact crater is located near Port Hedland in Western Australia. Because of the ellipical shape of the crater it is the result of an oblique impact. That means the impactor which formed the crater impacted in a very shallow angle of probably less then 10°. Because of the shallow impact angle, fragments of the impactor were ejected from the crater and caused complex secondary impact structures 40 km and 80 km further east of this elliptical crater. One of the secondary impact structures is Mount Goldsworthy which contained the world’s richest deposits of ferrous (iron)-ore with a share of up to 68 % iron. Beside the Raman spectra which I present as evidence and first verification for this elliptical crater and its secondary impact structures, there is additional geo-physical evidence provided from a magnetic anomaly map, which clearly indicates the elliptical crater, including a center-line structure in the crater, and which shows the secondary impact structures in detail. The shifts of the main Raman peaks to the lower frequencies 463, 261, 198/205 and 125 cm-1 in a quartz sample from the sample site 25 ( Stone 2 ), which was collected inside the crater area, clearly indicates that the quartz was exposed to a shock pressure of around 22 GPa. ( see explanation at page 19 ). Further evidence for an impact event is provided by quartz samples from sample sites 10 & 11 which are located in the area of the secondary impact-structure Mt Goldsworthy. These quartz samples show shifts of the main Raman bands ( peaks ) to the lower frequencies 463, 260, 204 and 126 cm-1 which also indicates a shock pressure of around 22 GPa. Further evidence comes from a microscopic image of sample 25 (stone 3) which indicates planar deformtion features (PDFs). All spectra were made with a BRUKER Senterra-II Raman Microscope (wavenumber precision <0.1cm-1) Images of the analysed rock samples and photos of the sample sites are in the Appendix at page 17. Images of all sample sites are available on www.permiantriassic.de or www.permiantriassic.at
Category: Geophysics
[6] viXra:2107.0163 [pdf] replaced on 2021-09-02 15:16:40
Authors: Harry K. Hahn
Comments: 18 pages, 33 images, 20 diagrams
Raman spectra of samples taken from the sample sites 8-B2, 8-B3 and 15-B and 15-C provide evidence for an impact scenario in the Mt Warning area in East-Australia. The 30 km crater-shaped Mt Warning area and a smaller diameter 1.5 km circular crater structure, which is located directly near the crater-rim of the Mt Warning Crater, seem to belong to a large-scale impact event caused by the 320 km Cape York Crater in NE-Australia.
The possible 320 km Cape York Crater belongs to a Secondary Impact Crater Chain along the NE-coast of Australia which was caused by ejecta from the giant 1270 x 950 km Permian Triassic Crater in the Arctic Sea.
According to the current geological theory Mount Warning is a strongly erroded shield volcano.
Refering to my Permian-Triassic Impact Hypothesis Mt Warning is the result of an impact of a big ejecta-fragment from the Cape York Crater or from the PT-Impact Crater, that caused this 30 km secondary crater which fractured Earth’s crust and resulted in the growth of a large shield volcano on top of the crater.
The Raman spectra of quartz from sample site 8-B2, from the foot of the hypothtical main crater-wall of the Mt Warning Crater, provides first evidence for an impact event !
The shifts of the main Raman peaks to the lower frequencies 463, 260, 205 and 127 cm-1 which are visible in the Raman Spectra of the quartz-sample, clearly indicate that the quartz from this site was exposed to a shock pressure of around 20 - 22 GPa (see page 17).
Further evidence comes from the quartz inclusions of rock sample 8-B3 from the same location.
The shifts of the main Raman peaks to the lower frequencies 263 and 205 cm-1 indicate the same shock pressure of around 20 - 22 GPa. The spectra of the rock samples from site 15-B and 15-C, the central mountain in the Mt Warning Crater, all indicate magmatic rocks which seems to confirm the fomation of a volcano in the crater-center, in contrast to the real impact-(wall)-structures on the crater-rim.
All spectra were made with a BRUKER Senterra-II Raman Microscope ( wavenumber precision <0.1cm-1 ). Images of the analysed rock samples and photos of the sample sites are in the Appendix at page 12. Images of all sample sites are available on www.permiantriassic.de or www.permiantriassic.at
Category: Geophysics
[5] viXra:2107.0162 [pdf] replaced on 2021-08-26 16:30:05
Authors: Harry K. Hahn
Comments: 29 pages, 53 images, 41 diagrams
Raman spectra of quartz samples collected at sample site 21 near Ascea on the west-coast of Italy ( near Sapri ) provide first indication for the 160 km Salerno Impact Crater described in my hypothesis. The yet unknown 160 km “Salerno Crater“ belongs to a larger Secondary Impact Crater Chain, which was caused by impacting ejecta material that was ejected by the 1270 x 950 km Permian Triassic Impact Crater (PTI), located in the Arctic Sea near Alaska, according to my hypothesis.
The samples which I collected to proof the “Salerno Crater“ did not provide the same clear evidence for a secondary impact crater, as for example the samples from Cabo de Creus in Spain, which provided solid evidence for the 130 x 110 km „Bay of Lyon Impact Crater“, that belongs to the same Secondary Impact Crater Chain as the “Salerno Crater“, caused by the PT Impact-Event.
But the Raman spectra of quartz from sample site 21 at least provide a first indication for a shock event.
The shifts of the main Raman bands (peaks) to the lower frequencies 261, 204 and 125 cm-1 (Stone 1) and to 260 and 205 cm-1 (Stone 2) which are visible in the Raman Spectra of these quartz-samples from sample site 21 at least give a first indication that the quartz was exposed to a shock pressure in the range of 20 - 22 GPa. The shock pressure probably was just below the treshold of 22 GPa so that the main quartz line at 464 didn’t shift to a lower frequency ( see explanation in the Appendix at page 28 )
Quartz in the samples from the sample site 20 also show shifts in one or two of the main Raman bands ( peaks ) to the lower frequencies 263 and 205 cm-1. The microscopic images of some of the analysed quartz grains in samples from site 21 & 20 may provide further proof for a shock event caused by an impact (see page 5 & 6). The images show complex micro-fracture-patterns in the analysed quartz grains. All spectra were made with a BRUKER Senterra-II Raman Microscope (wavenumber precision <0.1cm-1). Images of the analysed rock samples and photos of the sample sites are in the Appendix at page 24. More images of all sample sites are available on www.permiantriassic.de or www.permiantriassic.at
Category: Geophysics
[4] viXra:2107.0130 [pdf] submitted on 2021-07-23 19:14:48
Authors: Harry K. Hahn
Comments: 17 pages, 35 images, 20 diagrams
Raman spectra of quartz samples collected at sample site 27-B near Cabo de Creus ( “Cape de Creus“ ) at the Bay of Lyon in NE-Spain provide strong evidence for the 130 x 110 km elliptical Impact Crater described in my hypothesis, which is responsible for the formation of the semi-circular Bay of Lyon.
The yet unknow 130 x 110 km “Bay of Lyon“ Impact Crater (BLC) belongs to a larger Secondary Impact Crater Chain, which was caused by impacting ejecta material that was ejected by the 1270 x 950 km Permian Triassic Impact Crater (PTI), located in the Arctic Sea near Alaska, according to my hypothesis.
Beside the Raman spectra which I present as evidence and first verification for the existence of the impact crater, there is additional geo-physical evidence from gravity anomaly- and magnetic anomaly maps, which both show a strong anomaly in the center of the assumed 130 x 110 km impact crater.
The Raman spectra of quartz from sample site 27-B provide strong evidence for an Impact Event !
Sample Site 27-B is the closest sample site in relation to the assumed center of the 130 x 110 km Crater. It is located on the last remaining (small) section of the crater-rim of the “Bay of Lyon“ Crater directly near the lighthouse at Cabo de Creus ( “Cape de Creus“ ).
The whole rest of the 130 x 110 km Crater is located on the ocean floor of the Mediterranean Sea.
The shifts of the main Raman bands ( peaks ) to the lower frequencies 461 and 125 cm-1 ( Stone 6 ) and to 463, 261, 205 and 125 cm-1 ( Stone 3 ) and to 463 and 260 cm-1 ( Stone 2 ) which are visible in the Raman Spectra of these three quartz-samples from sample site 27-B, clearly indicate that the quartz was exposed to a shock pressure in the range of 22 – 24 GPa. ( see explanation in the Appendix at page 16 ). Images of the analysed rock samples and photos of the sample sites are in the Appendix at page 13. Images of all sample sites are available on www.permiantriassic.de or www.permiantriassic.at [truncated by viXra Admin]
Category: Geophysics
[3] viXra:2107.0129 [pdf] submitted on 2021-07-23 19:13:16
Authors: Harry K. Hahn
Comments: 25 pages, 41 images, 29 diagrams
Raman spectra of samples taken from the sample sites 50, 30 and 19 provide evidence that the large bow-shaped structure visible on the satellite image ( see image below ) was caused by an impact event. This bow-shaped structure diameter approx. 30 km belongs to a large-scale impact event which according to my hypothesis was caused by ( impacting ) ejecta material from the Permian Triassic Crater in the Arctic Sea
The bow-shaped impact structure is located near Puerto de Mazarron in the state of Murcia in Andalucia. This impact structure belongs to large Secondary Crater Chain of the PT-Impact Event.
Further evidence for the large-scale impact event in Southern Spain comes from rock-samples collected in a small elliptical Crater with 1.6 x 1.2 km near the town of Rodalquilar.
This elliptical crater in the remote East of Andalucia, which belongs to the assumed large-scale impact event in Southern Spain, has the potential to provide precise evidence for my hypothesis, because it provides the precise trajectory and impact angle of the impactor ( ejecta from the P/T-Crater ) !
The Raman spectra of quartz from sample site 50 on the outside of the crater-wall of the bow-shaped impact structure ( near the tunnel exit of the AP7 ) provides clear evidence for an impact event !
The shift of the main Raman bands ( peaks ) to the lower frequencies 463, 261, 205 and 127 cm-1 which is visible in the Raman Spectra of the quartz-sample, clearly indicates that the quartz was exposed to a shock pressure of around 22 GPa. ( see explanation in the Appendix at page 24 ). Similar shifts of the Raman bands are visible in the spectra of samples 19 & 30 from the center of the structure
The spectra of the quartz sample 40-B from the center of the 1.6 x 1.2 km elliptical Crater shows similar shifts of the Raman bands, e.g. the measured bands at 463, 261/263, 203 and 127 cm-1, which also indicate a shock pressure of approx. 22 GPa that can only be the result of an impact event !
All spectra were made with a BRUKER Senterra-II Raman Microscope (wavenumber precision <0.1cm-1). Images of the analysed rock samples and photos of the sample sites are in the Appendix at page 19. Images of all sample sites are available on www.permiantriassic.de or www.permiantriassic.at
A shock pressure of 22 GPa far exceeds every pressure caused by normal terrestrial metamorphism. Therefore the quartz was clearly shocked by an impact event. The indicated shock pressure of 22 GPa is lower than the shock pressure that occured in other large impact craters on Earth, which can reach 100 GPa. This indicates that the bow-shaped structure was caused by an oblique impact That means the impactor which formed the struture ( ejecta of the PT-Crater ) impacted in a very shallow angle.
The same is true for the yet unknown Ø 1.6 x 1.2 km elliptical Impact Crater near Rodalquilar.
Category: Geophysics
[2] viXra:2107.0128 [pdf] submitted on 2021-07-23 19:16:01
Authors: Harry K. Hahn
Comments: 31 pages, 50 images, 41 diagrams
Raman spectra of quartz from the sample sites 46, 49, 50 and 60 provide evidence that the large 320 km circular structure that is visible on gravity anomaly maps, just off the coast of the Cape York Peninsula in the North-East of Australia, was caused by an impact event !
The 320 km yet unknow Cape York Crater (CYC) belongs to a large Secondary Impact Crater Chain, which was caused by impacting ejecta material, which was ejected by the 1270 x 950 km Permian Triassic Impact Crater (PTI), located in the Arctic Sea near Alaska, according to my hypothesis.
This Secondary Impact Crater Chain of the PT-Impact Event formed the North-East Coast of Australia. It was caused by at least three to four large Secondary Impact Craters resulting from the PT-Impact.
The Raman spectra of quartz from sample site 46 provides the clearest evidence for an impact event ! Sample Site 46 is the closest sample site in relation to the 320 km Cape York Crater that I could reach. It is located approximately 75 km away from the crater-rim of the Cape York Crater.
The shift of the main Raman bands ( peaks ) to the lower frequencies 463, 261, 203 and 126 cm-1 which is visible in the Raman Spectra of the quartz-sample, clearly indicates that the quartz was exposed to a shock pressure of around 22 GPa.
The spectra of the quartz from sample site 50 also provides evidence for the large-scale impact event. It shows similar shifts of the Raman bands of the quartz to the lower frequencies 263, 204/205 and 127 cm-1, which indicates a shock pressure of 20 - 22 GPa which is the result of an impact event !
From quartz samples of sample sites 49 (Black Mountains) and 60 ( both around 180 km from the crater rim ) further indication is provided for a large-scale secondary impact event. However the evidence provided by the Raman spectra is weaker than from the samples from site 46 and 50. Here the shifts of the Raman bands (peaks) to 263 and 204/205 provide indication for a shock pressure of around 20 GPa. All spectra were made with a BRUKER Senterra-II Raman Microscope (wavenumber precision <0.1cm-1) See explanation and references in the Appendix at page 30 & 31. [Truncated by viXra Admin to < 400 words – Please conform!)
Category: Geophysics
[1] viXra:2107.0109 [pdf] submitted on 2021-07-19 14:36:40
Authors: Abdelmajid Ben Hadj Salem
Comments: 24 Pages.
It is a chapter that concerns the geometry of the ellipse and the ellipsoid of revolution. We give the formulas of the 2D plane coordinates and the 3D Cartesian coordinates $(X,Y,Z)$ in function of the geodetic coordinates $(\varphi,\lm,he)$. A section is devoted to the geodesic lines of the ellipsoid of revolution. We give the proofs of the differential equations of the geodesic lines and their integration.
Category: Geophysics
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