| viXra.org > Economics and Finance > 2506 |
 |
 |
| viXra.org > Economics and Finance > 2506 |
|
|
[4] viXra:2506.0164 [pdf] submitted on 2025-06-30 01:27:06
Authors: Adeyemi Olayisade
Comments: 19 Pages.
This study investigates the nature and workings of the caffeine industry, it also examines its importance, production patterns and contributions to GDP in major countries around the world. The core of this study revolves around the dilemma on the economic and health cost of caffeinated beverage control. Today the caffeine market is worth more than $10 billion dollars and is estimated to reach $320 billion by 2032, it is growing fast with increased consumption of coffee, tea, and energy beverages, these drinks do not simply form part of the everyday lives, but they are also important in the economies of most countries. As it is, countries such as Brazil, Vietnam and Colombia produce and export caffeine in large volumes boosting their Gross Domestic Product. Brazil alone consumes 3 million metric tons of coffee generating 6 billion yield in exports and provides people with 8 million jobs, new manufacturers like Nigeria, have not fully attained their economic capacity but are getting there. Caffeine plays an essential role in productivity within the real sector like the industrial, healthcare, ICT the education and other allied sectors. This study findings showed that caffeine withdrawal and restrictions caused productivity losses based on empirical evidence from Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States revealing that it caused productivity declines, revenue losses, and disruptions in crucial sectors dependent on cognitive execution. Based on these findings, the study recommends that beverage manufacturers should reformulate high-caffeinated beverages into moderate or low-caffeinated beverages without compromising efficiency, taste and marketability.
Category: Economics and Finance
[3] viXra:2506.0129 [pdf] submitted on 2025-06-22 11:30:22
Authors: Pengn Wang, Xiaoda Wang, Peter Luh, Neal Olderman, Xuesong Lu, Christian Wilkie
Comments: 26 Pages.
This article introduces a simulation tool to study a complex multi-agent system in social context. The individual-level model is extended based on self-propelled Brownian particle and social force model, and it mainly describes how agents/particles interact with each other, and also with surrounding facilities including obstructions and passageways. Most importantly, we introduce a set of arrays to define social relationship of agents/particles in a quantitative manner. Opinion dynamics is integrated with force-based interaction to study complex social phenomena including path-selection activities, social groups and herding effect. Very interestingly, the interaction of agents/particles does not only exist at physics-level, but also at consciousness and unconsciousness level by integrating advanced social-psychological studies in our modeling framework.
Category: Economics and Finance
[2] viXra:2506.0127 [pdf] submitted on 2025-06-22 15:42:52
Authors: Adeyemi Olayisade
Comments: 13 Pages.
The study focuses on reviewing factors that influence accessibility, affordability, efficiency in Nigeria’s pharmaceutical industry and its impact on healthcare delivery. Despite the Nigeria’s increasing population coupled with a high disease burden, it imports most of its drugs from India and China since its own pharmaceutical sector is not self-sufficient. The study noted certain difficulties such as poor infrastructure, inflation, exchange rate volatility, poverty and weak regulatory structure in the health sector made it tough for people to get access and afford basic medicines. The study deployed a semi-log regression to see how accessibility and affordability of medicines interact with the capacity of pharmaceutical sector in the Nigerian economy. Findings from the study revealed significant interrelatedness between level of access to essential medicines and the pharmaceutical industry contribution to GDP; other variables, such as costs of Malaria treatments, minimum wage, and inflation, showed weak or no statistical impact on the response variable. In conclusion, the study suggests that the federal government should discontinue the NHIS program to allow the private sector takeover this programme, this can free up resource and strengthen local pharmaceutical production, it also recommends applying regulatory measures to ensure medications are accessible and affordable for better health outcomes and a stronger economy.Keywords: National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS), Accessibility, Affordability, Competitiveness.
Category: Economics and Finance
[1] viXra:2506.0125 [pdf] submitted on 2025-06-21 21:24:43
Authors: SenthilKumar Anantharaman
Comments: 130 Pages. IIm Indore Thesis
Medical emergencies occur anywhere, at any time, in any country irrespective of whether it is a developed, developing or an underdeveloped country. These emergencies occur by the hour, consuming a lot of resources and sometimes, without even achieving the desired results, i.e., to save lives. Medical emergencies have been around since the start of the human civilization, however, they gained recognition as a specialty only around 30 years ago (Chung, 2001). An emergency medical system’s goal should be to provide universal and integrative emergency care right from the time it receives information from an emergency user (Dykstra, E. H, 1997). Further, in a country like India, the seventh largest country, and with the second highest population in the world (David, S. S., & Vasnaik, M, 2007) and high income disparity, the implementation and context of the emergency medical system should be in a way to increase health equity and not worsen the current health disparities (David, S. S., & Vasnaik, M, 2007). This challenge faced by India and similar developing nations can be attended to by promoting systematic development of an evidence-based emergency medical system that is more costeffective than those in developed countries like the USA, Canada and certain European countries where there is lesser income disparity. To design an effective emergency medical system, there is need to address questions such as how it would integrate with the current health-care infrastructure, local communities as well as their values, and the financial resources that would be needed to augment the services step by step (Gupta, M. Das, & Rani, M. 2004). (Truncated by viXra Admin)
Category: Economics and Finance
| Third-Party Links: |
|