Economics and Finance

2501 Submissions

[2] viXra:2501.0121 [pdf] submitted on 2025-01-20 20:57:07

Neither Nor Logic and Other Issues in Decision Making and Development Studies

Authors: Victor Christianto, Florentin Smarandache
Comments: 20 Pages. this manuscript has been submitted to a journal for review. Comments are welcome

Decision making, especially in real-world contexts, often involves complexities that go beyond simple linear logic. We are often faced with situations where the available choices present a series of conflicting criteria. This is a dilemma often described in the classic Indonesian proverb "buah simalakama" (if eaten, father dies, but if not eaten, mother dies): whatever choice is made, there are always unpleasant consequences. This paper attempts to examine the problem of decision making from the perspective of conflicting criteria. We also discuss among other things Water logic proposed by Edward de Bono, Neutrosophic Logic proposed by Florentin Smarandache one of us, Logic of not proposed by Nagatomo, and neither nor logic as commonly found among Asian people. (note: this manuscript has been submitted to a journal for review)
Category: Economics and Finance

[1] viXra:2501.0078 [pdf] submitted on 2025-01-12 17:40:09

Assumptions for a Libertarian Effort-Management Economic Theory

Authors: Ralph Pain
Comments: 13 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Author name should be between article title and the asbstract)

In this paper I offer new assumptions for an effort-management theory for economic activity. I begin by reviewing classical assumptions that resources possess value in use and are scarce that are adopted in resource-based theories for efficient allocation through competition. I suggest that economic theory developed under those assumptions has been useful only for explaining short-term activity when unrealistic conditions are applied and has not been useful for explaining innovation, unexpected change, or economic growth. Further, these assumptions support a justification to any who may wish to reduce the size of the human population. In this paper I argue that an economic theory for allocation of scarce resources has been misguided if resources are not indeed scarce. Instead, I offer the assumption that economic systems are limited by personal effort. Under this new assumption, I suggest an economic system may be analysed using complexity mathematics as an open complex system driven by independent agents who maximise benefit per effort, and in which interaction among agents is provided by the transfer of products.
Category: Economics and Finance